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Standards and regulations
Present status in France vs, Europe and other countries
Raphaël BODET
UNPG
08/07/2014
Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete: a scientific and industrial perspective”
► Objectives of PN RECYBETON - GT 4
Provisional timetable
Collection of documents
► French Documents
Standards, Technical specifications, Guides and Recommendations
Laws and Regulations
► European and other international Documents
Standards, Technical specifications…
► Prospects
2Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »08/07/2014
Remove obstacles to concrete recycling
►State of the art of existing texts
Analysis and synthesis of texts
►Propose recommendations to stakeholders
(standardization committees ...)
►Review French/European standards and regulations
08/07/2014 3Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Collection and analysis of French
normative documents
Collection and analysis of French
regulatory documents
Collection and examination of foreign
standards
Draft proposals for improving standards
in the form of recommendations
08/07/2014 4Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
► Voluntary Documents
PRODUCTS: Product standards and Test standards
DESIGN: Eurocodes and calculation rules
EXECUTION: standards, technical specifications and
booklets
► Regulatory Documents
Codes
Local provisions
► Key words : Waste, Deconstruction / Concrete recycling
Environment / Sustainability
08/07/2014 5Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
08/07/2014 6Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
USA
Canada
Quebec
Brazil
Europe
Russia
China
India
Japan
Australia
New Zealand
08/07/2014 7Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
Germany
Scandinavian
countries
Spain
Italy
Switzerland
Luxembourg
Belgium
Netherlands
UK
08/07/2014 8Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
Harmonization of normative texts on concrete structures
08/07/2014 9Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
► Product Standards
NF P 18-545, Aggregates - Elements of definition, compliance
and coding
NF EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete
NF EN 13139, Aggregates for mortar
NF EN 206-1/CN Concrete
NF EN 13369, Common rules for precast concrete products
NF EN 197-1 Cement
NF P 18-508 Limestone addition
NF P 18-509 Siliceous addition
Product concrete standards not referring to the standard NF
EN 13369
08/07/2014 10Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
► Test Standards on aggregates
NF EN 932-1 à 6, General properties
NF EN 933-1 à 11, Geometrical properties
NF EN 1097-1 à 8, Mechanical & Physical properties
NF EN 1367-1 à 3, Thermal properties
NF EN 1744-1 à 8, Chemical properties
FD P 18-663, Procedures for implementing NF EN test standards on
aggregates
FD P18-542, Criteria for qualification with respect to alkali-reaction
prFD P18-543, Pétrography with respoect to alcali-réaction
prXP P18-544, Determination of alkali content
NF P18-594, Réactivity with respect to alkali
XP P 18-566, Particle size analysis, flattening, elongation — Test using a
shadowgraph device
P 18-576, Determination of a sand friability coefficient
NF EN 12350-1 à 12, Testing fresh concrete
NF EN 12390-1 à 13, Testing hardened concrete
NF P 18-420 à 424, Freeze thaw and scaling tests
NF P 18-461 à 3, Chloride ions migration accelerated steady state test
08/07/2014 11Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
French texts Requirements
Execution of civil engineering works:
Fasc.28 (execution of concrete
pavements), Fasc. 31 (concretes
curbs and retainers), Fasc.32
(sidewalk construction)
Fasc. 29 (performance of surface
roads and public spaces modular
products)
Fasc. 65 (execution of civil work
concrete)
Fasc. 68 (foundation engineering
works), 69 (tunnelling) and 74
(construction of concrete tanks)
Mainly refer to aggregate standards
For use of recycled materials, a minimum requirements is to
deliver a datasheet by the supplier (fasc. 29).
Provisions of the standard NF EN 206/CN restricted to type 1 RA
from deconstructed structures whose traceability is provided,
limited to C35/45 & exposure (XC1, XC2, XC3, XC4 or XF1), max.
20% substitution.
Refer to Fasc.65
Concrete road surface standards Refer to Fasc.65
08/07/2014 12Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
French texts Requirements
Execution of building constructions:
DTU standards
NF EN 13670/CN (structure)
DTU refer to product standards (aggregates, concrete, common rules
for precast products, structural & masonry elements )
Refers to EN 206-1 “ concrete standard”
Eurocode 2 (concrete structures)
Eurocode 6 (masonry structures)
Recycled aggregates not excluded from scope (refer to EN 206-1);
Applicability of rules to recycled aggregates (creep, shrinkage, laws of
behavior, fire resistance) ?
Reference is made to masonry product standards
CCTG EDF
Guide SNCF
Specifications on execution of reinforced concrete structures and
prestressed concrete); for aggregates, mention of natural origin only.
Precast products standards Refer either to EN206-1 or directly to aggregate EN 12620 standard
Cement standards Current standards do not allow crushed recycled aggregates
Test Standards Specific tests have been developed to describe these recycled
aggregates (NF EN 1744-5, EN 1744-6, EN 933-11) and are specified in
the standard EN 12620. Some aggregate standards could cause
trouble : water absorption, freeze-thaw, acid soluble chlorides, alkali-
reactivity, petrography, influence o n setting time of cement phase
Concrete standards : not of particular concern for RA
08/07/2014 13Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
French texts Requirements
NF EN 12620 aggregates for
concrete NF EN 12620 provides requirements for the use of recycled
aggregates in concrete.
Various levels of specifications available that do not constitute an
obstacle to the use of recycled aggregates.
Recycled aggregates are within the scope of CE marking.
NF EN 13139 Aggregates for mortars Recycled aggregates are within its scope, but no particular
requirements Use of RA in mortars is therefore possible without any
limitation. However, risks related to the presence of water-soluble
sulfates (gypsum), which would not be detected.
NF P 18-545 Aggregates - Elements
of definition, compliance and coding
Use of recycled aggregates allowed in concrete for building (Article
10) and road (Article 9).
Some requirements could be too stringent: e.g. soluble sulfates in
water 0.2 (Articles 9 and 10); that would eliminates more than 50% of
the production of recycled aggregates ; What exact threshold above
which there is a real impact on the durability of concrete ?
Too restrictive with respect to pre-mixtures of recycled and natural
aggregates : even when a natural aggregate contains a little amount
of recycled aggregate, it must be subjected to all the tests on recycled
aggregates!
08/07/2014 14Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
► Conclusions :
The text analysis showed the predominance of the following
documents, with “appropriate” caveats:
- NF EN 12620, NF EN 13139 and NF P18-545 for
aggregates
- NF EN 206-1/CN for concrete
- NF EN 13369 for precast concrete products
The use of fine elements is difficult in the current legislative
context except for use in the cement as raw source, but
“recycled fines " are excluded from cement standard NF
EN 197-1, and does not constitute a source of additions
within the meaning of the standard NF EN 206-1.
08/07/2014 15Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
Country Title of the document
Luxembourg Document National d’Application_EN206-1 (2006)
RCA are subjected to certification for the FPC control (directive
Beton mit rezykliertem Zuschlag du DAfStb)
Germany DEeutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbeton
DE rec aggr200906
Autria Document B 3140
Reference document on RA
Switzerland Document 670102b-2010
Directive pour la valorisation des déchets de chantier minéraux
MB SIA 2030
Decisions on recycling
SN 670116 20-11-2010
Suisse - CPI Artikel - summary Swiss regulations
Merkblatt 2030_2010_d - Cahier technique_2030_f
VSS-09-Recycl-GK-JGH
directive - dechets de chantier - 2002
State of Geneve: Recyclage matériaux construction version juin 2006
Rapport sur la valorisation des materiaux
Referat Claude Pilloud
Belgium Norme belge sur granulats recyclés - PTV406F
Document RCA in Belgium JVR (23.03.2011)
Spain DRAFT OF SPANISH REGULATIONS FOR THE USE OF RECYCLED
Mixing recycled aggregates
08/07/2014 16Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
Country Title of the document
Europe – General
documents
CE_Construction_BestEnvironmentalManagementPractice
Europe - JRC - End of waste criteria final report
Europe - JRC- background report End of Waste
CEN-TC104_N0758_Survey_of_national_provisions_for_EN_206-1
Netherlands NL regulations on recycled aggregates in concrete - oct 2010
NEN 8005:2008
NEN 8005:2008/A1:2011
NEN 5905:2005
NEN 5905:2005/A1:2008 Documents to be translated
UK UK Quality Protocol
BS 8500-2 2002 AMD 1 - Annex B
BS 8500-2 2006
BS EN 12620 2002 -A1 2008
WRAP Study (University of Dundee)
Italy UNI 8520-1 and UNI 8520-2 (Italian national application document for
the application of EN 206-1)
Sweden Recycled aggregates – Swedish regulations and recommendations
Markus Peterson, Betongforum, 1st Oct 2010
Denmark DS 2426 - EN 206-1_Ret.1_2013 (Danish national application document
for the application of EN 206-1)
►Netherlands
17Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »08/07/2014
� National annex of EN206-1 � Substitution of natural coarse aggregates up to 20 vol%
� Substitution of natural coarse aggregates up to 10 % from recycled
aggregates from masonry and/or lightweight coarse aggregate
� In a mixture, the vol. % of aggregates from masonry is limited to
50%
� Composition of RCA: Rc90
� Predried density (EN 1097-6) ≥ 2 200 kg/m3
� No limit in terms of exposure class up to 50 vol% substitution
� Strength class from C12/15 to C 53/65
►Germany
18Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »08/07/2014
� Aggregates from internal origin : proportion ≤ 5 wt% on total
amount without any restriction in quality and exposure class
� 2 types of qualities:- type 1 : Rcu 90, Rb 10-, Ra 1-, XRg1-, FL 2-
- type 2 : Rcu 70, Rb 30-, Ra 1-, XRg2-, FL 2-
� WA10min
- type 1 : 10 %,
- type 2 : 15 %
� Other concrete characteristics apply for type 1 et type 2
� Leaching of dangerous substances is analysed
� Recycled fine aggregates ≤ 2mm forbidden
� No RCA allowed in prestressed concrete
� Max proportion in vol% of coarse RCA by composition :
08/07/2014 19Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »
Country Title of document
New Zealand CCANZ Tech Report - Recycled Aggregates in New Concrete
Russia Documents to be translated
China Recycled coarse aggregate for concrete (GB/T 25177-2010)
Recycled fine aggregate from concrete and Mortar (GB/T 25176-2010)
Technical specification for application of recycled aggregate (JGJ/T 240-
2011)
Documents to be translatedJapan JIS 05308:2009 & JIS 05308:2009 - Amendement 1
Documents to be translated
Australia Concrete recycling in Australia and Japan
HB 155-2002 Guide to the use of recycled concrete and masonry materials
USA Crushed Concrete Substitution for Construction Aggregatesc1177
CEAT COE Report 34
Canada Granulats Recyclés – Normalisation et Règlementation (divers fichiers)
Québec BNQ12620_41563
GUIDE 509 - Quebec
matiere-residuelle-inorganique
ISO Rapport International : review of waste recycling -
ISO 22965-1 & ISO 22965-2
CSI CSI-RecyclingConcrete-FullReport[1] 29-07-15
CSI-RecyclingConcrete-Summary 29-07-15
► Particles made of concrete, mortar, stone, tile and brick from
construction waste, with size larger than 4.75 mm.
Items Level-I Level-2 Level-3
Content of fine powder (mass %) <1.0 <2.0 <3.0
Content of silt lump (mass %) <0.5 <0.7 <1.0
Water absorption (mass %) <3.0 <5.0 <8.0
Elongated and flaky particle (mass%) <10 <10 <10
Hazardous content: organic Conforming Conforming Conforming
Hazardous content: Sulfate mass% <2.0 <2.0 <2.0
Hazardous content: Chloride mass% <0.06 <0.06 <0.06
Impurities content mass % <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Soundness: mass loss % <5.0 <10.0 <15.0
Crushing index % <12 <20 <30
Apparent density (kg/m3) >2450 >2350 >2250
Void % <47 <50 <53
� Level 1: any concrete
� Level 2: concrete below C40 (including C40);
� Level 3: concrete below C25 (including C25). Not suitable for anti-freezing concrete.
Note:
� Recycled aggregates can not be used in precast concrete.
� Recycled aggregates not meeting the above standard, can be used in non-structural concrete component.
► Particles made from concrete, mortar, stone, tile and brick from
construction waste, size smaller than 4.75mm.
Items Level-I Level-2 Level-3
Content of fine powder (mass % @ MB <1.40) <5.0 <7.0 <10.0
Content of fine powder (mass % @ MB >=1.40) <1.0 <3.0 <5.0
Content of clay lump (mass %) <1.0 <2.0 <3.0
Hazardous content: mica (mass %) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0
Hazardous content: organic Conforming Conforming Conforming
Hazardous content: Sulfate mass% <2.0 <2.0 <2.0
Hazardous content: Chloride mass% <0.06 <0.06 <0.06
Hazardous content: light materials mass % <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Soundness: mass loss % in Saturated Na2SO4 <8.0 <10.0 <12.0
Single Grade Max. Crushing index % <20 <25 <30
Apparent density (kg/m3) >2450 >2350 >2250
Bulk density (kg/m3) >1350 >1300 >1200
Void % <46 <48 <52
• Level 1: concrete below C40 (including C40);
• Level 2: concrete below C25 (including C25).
• Level 3: Non structural component.
► Coarse Aggregates
Items
Content of fine powder (mass %) <5.0
Water absorption ( mass %) <10.0
Impurities Content ( mass %) <2.0
Silt lump, hazardous, soundness, crushing index, alkali
reaction index
Conforming with Slide 1 table.
► Fine Aggregates
Items
Content of fine powder (mass % @ MB<1.40) <12.0
Content of fine powder (mass % @ MB>1.40) <6.0
Silt lump, hazardous, soundness, crushing index, alkali
reaction index
Conforming with Slide 2 table.
► Identify the solutions enhancing the recycling that are proposed by other countries
► Study the feasability of application of these requirements in France
►Draft recommendations for standardization experts in CEN TC 154 (aggregates), TC 51 (cement, if possible), and TC 104 (concrete)
26Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »08/07/2014
Thank you for your attention
08/07/2014 27Workshop ENPC « Recycling concrete into concrete »