SPD’s Surge Suppression Devices

GE Digital Energy

GE Enterprise Solutions

GE Digital Energy

GE Power Quality TVSS, UPS, ATS & PSG

Some things are beyond our control

Some things aren’t

Our investment in electronics such as computers, energy saving lighting systems, security, building automation, and video is dependent on the power quality without and within our facilities

We can’t control the forces of nature but we can protect our business critical sensitive electronics

2003 Black Out – North Eastern USA

The power outage of August 14, 2003 in the eastern part of N. America left 50 million people in the dark. 61,800 MW of load was disrupted for up to 4 days. When the power came back people lost electronic equipment.

Transient Voltage Surge Suppression

Overview

What is Transient Voltage ?

Voltage spikes are high energy short duration transient voltage events that damage or destroy sensitive electronic equipment. Measured in milliseconds they occur in a fraction of a cycle.

Equipment Affected

All equipment with printed circuit boards and microprocessors are susceptible to transient surge damage.

Characteristics: High level surges, 10kA – over 200kA

Immediate Catastrophic Damage

Examples:

• Lightning Strikes• Utility load switching• Fault Clearing • Crossed Power Lines• Damaged transformers

20% of Transients come from External Sources

These high energy transient

voltage surges (spikes) last less than a fraction of a second but cause catastrophic immediate damage to electronic equipment and circuit boards

Transient Voltage Surges are the culprits that are destroying this sensitive electronic equipment

Fuses and breakers simply cannot react fast enough to stop a transient voltage spike

Lightning Strike Density Isochronic map USA

Lightning causes between $250 - $500 million each year in property damage across the US.

* Based on analysis of insurance claims vs cloud –to-ground lightning flash data by the National Lightning

Detection NetworkMore than half of these losses are related to

electronics

ComputersElectronic BallastsCash RegistersATMsBuilding AutomationHVAC SystemsManufacturing EquipmentMedical EquipmentDrives PLCsElectronically Controlled MotorsSecurity SystemsAudio & Video Equipment Telephones

Sensitive Electronics

AM – PM It’s a matter of time

Your Choice

Pro-Actively protect your equipment now or spend more money and time repairing, replacing, procuring, & shipping.

Add to that down time, safety issues, lost production, compromised quality, compliance, penalties, and availability to name a few.

Are you cruising full speed ahead without

considering the cost ?

What’s the real cost of equipment failure ?

Labor Per Hour $30

High Bay Equipment $200

Procurement Cost $100

Transaction Cost $100

Disposal Cost $50

Downtime Cost $1000 +

Example: Ballast Cost $30

Characteristics: Low level Repeated multiple events Cause damage over time

Examples:

• Compressors• Inductive loads

– (i.e) motors & pumps• HVAC Units• Elevators• Drives – control elevators• Laser copiers• Cleaning equipment

– Vacuums, Floor polishers

80% of Transients come from Internal Sources

The cost of protecting sensitive electronics from damaging transient surges is only a

fraction of connected equipment investment

Facility Power Quality ReviewQualify & Quantify TVSS Needs

Six Easy Steps to Take1. Evaluate Protection measures currently in

place

2. Estimate $ value of electronic equipment

3. Fill out Surge Exposure Cost Worksheet

4. Review electrical distribution layout

5. Count number of electrical panels - note voltage

6. Select appropriate TVSS rating based on location

Financial Impact of Surge Damage

Asset PreventiveManagement Maintenance

Without transient voltage protection its only a matter of time before peak voltage spikes damage electronics and cause downtime

Typical Business Class HotelGuest Rooms:

TelevisionsFlat Panel TV in the Lobby Coffee MakersPTAC’sAppliancesCompact FluorescentsPhones

Office Equipment: Computers

Fax Machines Appliances

Security System:Camera Monitors

Guests: Lap Top Computers

Electronics Investment : Hotel ExampleGuest Rooms:

Televisions

Coffee MakersPTAC’sAppliances - MWO & REF

Compact FluorescentsPhones

Office Equipment/Lobby

Flat Panel TV (lobby) ComputersFax Machines Appliances

Security SystemCamera Monitors

Guests: Lap Top Computers

Qty:200200200200800

200

Qty:131 3

Qty: 22

Qty: 50

$/each$100

$20$500$200

$5$20

$/each $3000$1000

$200$200

$/each $100$100

$800

Total $2000

0$4000

$100000$40000

$4000$4000

Total$3000$3000

$200$600

Total $200$200

$40000

Total $220,000

Mid-ScaleLimited Service200 RoomsOccupancy 100%

Employee productivity per hour

Employee wages and benefits per hour - include hourly and salary _______

Revenue per hour

Transactions per hour (x) Average transaction $ value (Qty per Hr x Avg. $ per Hr) =_______

or

Normal revenue per hour during peak operation period _______

Estimated Labor Repair Costs

IT, Maintenance, Electricians, Logistics _______

Lost Future Revenues

Negatively affected customers may go to competition alternatives for months or years _______

Total Hourly Downtime Cost (excluding equipment replacement) _____

Dollarize - Surge Exposure Cost WorksheetTotal Electronic equipment investment

Dollar value of connected electronic equipment of a typical facility

Include all equipment with printed circuit boards such as PCs, UPS, printers, telephones, meters,

switches, registers, TV, LCD and Plasma displays, and electronically controlled lighting ballasts

Total Equipment at Risk_____

What are you doing to protect your Facilities Electronics?

•

Nothing?

TVSS Technology

1 – 100kA High Energy MOV per Mode

GE TVSS Design – High Energy MOV

L G

G

L-G= 100kA

Phase A

Multiple small electronic grade MOV’s mounted in arrays connected in parallel.

Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays

G

L-G= 100kA

Phase A

The Requirement for Exact Matching of MOV’s can present potential problems.

Since MOV’s are non-linear, matching at lower energy levels does not mean the same performance at higher levels

100kA Rated Array

(10kA per MOV)

40-50kA Total Energy Transient

Tighter Clamping MOV’s cannot withstand energy level.

Reduced RatingPotential Problems

caused by non-matched arrays

G

L-G= < 90kA

Phase A

Other Poorly Matched MOV’s are weakened, reducing the theoretical rating.

Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays

Previously Weakened/Degraded MOV’s are now destroyed.

Further Reduced Rating

L-G= < 70kA

Tighter Clamping MOV’s cannot withstand energy level.

Subsequent Surges can cause further damage…even with less energy

G

Phase A

Other Poorly Matched MOV’s are weakened, reducing the theoretical rating even lower.

Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays

20-30kA Total Energy Transient

GE TVSS Design – High Energy MOV

L G

Rating is Maintained

MOV DOES NOT FAIL!

G

Phase A

L-G= 100kA

40-50kA Total Energy Transient

GE TVSS Design vs Typical MOV design

GE TVSS Products Incorporate High Energy Metal Oxide

Varistor Components

48mm Diameter Dual Wafer

Tested to 100kA

20mm Diameter MOV’s

Rated 6kA - 10kA

Many Manufacturers

Use Smaller, Electronic Grade

MOV Arrays

VS.

Maximum Duty Copper Bus

StructureUsed in High Energy

TR7000 Models

GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge Path

GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge Path

Low ImpedanceSurge Rated Disconnect SwitchIndependent test facility verification for 200kA – 8/20us withstand

(Optional on Some Models / Recommended when direct bus mounting is required)

GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge Path

*TPR7000 Series do not require current limiting fuses dueto their enhanced thermal disconnect feature.

Surge Fusing included on TR5000 and TR7000 models only.

*Surge Rated Current Fuses

NEW! GE TPR7000 series models are equipped with Enhanced Thermally Protected Metal Oxide Varistor (TPMOV) Technology

GE TVSS Design – Enhanced Thermal Protection

TPMOV Features

Robust 34 mm2 MOV design.(Equal to 40mm round MOV’s)

Thermal Disconnect with proprietary eutectic bond to MOV body.

High dielectric strength arc suppression shield.

GE TVSS Design – MOV Types

Q: When should I specify GE TPR7000 models with TPMOV technology instead of equally rated TR7000 models?

A: GE TPR7000 series TVSS models are NEC and UL compliant to be installed directly on the power system bus at any location on the load side of the Main Service Breaker or Fuse. This provides flexibility of installation when a dedicated breaker is not used.

Use GE TR5000 or GE TR7000 series if a dedicated circuit breaker is to be applied for outstanding clamping performance

Vs.

TVSS Application

GE TR Series TVSS

NEW !

GE TPR7000 series models are equipped with Enhanced Thermally Protected Metal Oxide Varistor (TPMOV) Technology

GE TVSS Design – Enhanced Thermal Protection

GE TVSS Products - TR SeriesWall Mounted Nema Enclosed

Service Entrance 150 – 300kA per mode

Primary Distribution 80 – 125kA per mode

Secondary Distribution 65 – 80kA per mode

Point of Use 25 – 50kA per mode

GE Recommends a minimum of (2) levels of TVSS protection for best results per ANSI/IEEE Emerald book recommended practices.

Service Entrance

Category C

Distribution Category B

Point of Use

Category A

Primary & Secondary Distribution

Main…

…

…

Security Computers Video

Drives Motors

…

Internal Transient Sources

Xfmr480V – 120V

Internal / External Transient Source

External Transient Sources

…

Layered TVSS Protection per ANSI/IEEE C62.41 Categories of Exposure

A/C

Branch Panels 120V

Sensitive Loads

Main

Transformer

…

… …

ElectronicBallasts

480V

120V480V

480V

TVSS

TVSS TVSS TVSS TVSS TVSS TVSS

TVSS

TVSS Application

Reasons for Layered System Protection

1) ANSI/IEEE C62.41,45 Emerald Book Guide to TVSS Application Outlines cascading TVSS approach for all categories and exposure levels

2) High level voltage spikes can get past service entrance Voltage spikes from high kA transients can still damage downstream equip

3) Internally generated transients – 80% of all transients Service entrance TVSS cannot provide protection from internal surges

4) Unexpected external transients in distribution – ie Rooftop AC Lightning strikes on building or nearby bring high kA transients into distribution

5) Redundant layered protection at multiple levels Additional layers protect sensitive electronics if upstream devices fail

TVSS Installation - Bonding Requirements for Grounded Systems

X3 X2

X1

X0

PHASE C

PHASE B

PHASE A

NEUTRAL

Bonding JumperRef. NEC 250 - 30 (a) (1)

Grounding ElectrodeRef. NEC 250 - 30 (a) (4)

Primary Dist.Panel w/Overcurrent

or Service Disconnect Means

Grounding ElectrodeConductor Ref. NEC

250.62 - 250.64 - 250.66

GROUND

Equipment GroundingConductor Ref. NEC

250.32 (B) (1)

N G

Note:Primary transformer windings

not shown for simplicity

Lighting Ballasts clearly showed sensitivity to everyday transient activity generated inside and outside of commercial and industrial buildings, regardless of manufacturer. GE TVSS eliminated harmful transient surges that can greatly reduce the overall operational life of common products like lighting ballasts resulting in significant cost savings in equipment, reduced downtime and maintenance.

With GE TVSS

30’ 10 AWG Cable

UU

T

Surge Generator

GE TVSS

Protected Lighting Assembly

30’ 10 AWG Cable

UU

T

Surge Generator

Unprotected Lighting Assembly

Without TVSS

Double Blind Ballast Surge Test – IEEE Paper9 Models, 4 Manufacturers

L1

L2

L3

N

3PH / 4W / WYE

TVSS Installation System Voltage Configurations

L1

L2

L3

3PH / 3W / WYE

L1

L2

L3

3PH / 3W / DELTA

L3

L1

L2

N

3PH / 4W / HI LEG DELTA

1PH / 3W / SPLIT PHASE

L1

L2

N

L1

L2

N

1PH / 3W / WYE120Y, 220Y,

240Y, 277Y, 347Y240D, 480D, 600D 240H

240D, 480D, 600D 120S 120S

Product:

Features

Benefits

GE TR7000, TPR7000 and TR5000 TVSS Summary

Reduced Maintenance costs.

Protect investment in sensitive electronics such as electronic ballasts and computers from damaging voltage spikes.

GE TR7000 TPR7000 and TR5000 Series TVSS Transient Voltage Surge Suppression

Easily installs on new or existing branch panels feeding lighting or computer loads.

Application: Education, Retail, Warehouse, Plants, Office complex.

Terms : Power quality, Spikes, Lightning strikes, Over-voltages, Swell, Sag.

Outstanding performance and longevity characteristics. Protects multiple electronics – All loads fed from the protected panel

Available in 120, 277,480 and 600Volts.