Source: NASA

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The Problems: Territory Vulnerability to Climate Change

The Answers: Planning for Resilient Territories

Examples of Good Practices

And now?

Temperature

increase

Changing rainfall

patterns

Rising sea level

• until 2040, increases in the maximum temperature in the summer between 0.5ºC in the

coastal zone and 2ºC in the interior, values that can reach up to 3ºC and 7ºC in 2100

• increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves

• reduction in precipitation during spring, summer and autumn, which may reach 20% to

40% of current annual rainfall at the end of the century

• greater losses in the southern regions

• rises in the average sea level of 2.1 mm / year between 1992 and 2004 and 4.0 mm /

year between 2005 and 2016

• Portugal has a coastline that is under high urban pressure

increase in the average

annual temperature, in

particular the maximum

Expected Changes Territorial Specificities

Annual average temperature rise between 1ºC and 4ºC at the end

of the century

Mafra, Torres Vedras, Tomar, Lisboa, Coruche, Cascais

Significant increase of maximum temperatures in autumn Mafra (1ºC & 5ºC); Torres Vedras, Tomar, Coruche,

Barreiro e Lisboa (2ºC & 6ºC)

Increase in the number of days with very high temperatures

(>35ºC) and tropical nights, with minimum temperatures >20ºC

Mafra, Torres Vedras, Tomar, Lisboa, Coruche, Barreiro

More frequent and intense heat waves Mafra, Torres Vedras, Tomar, Lisboa, Coruche, Barreiro

Sharp decrease in the number of frost days Mafra, Tomar, Coruche, Barreiro

Minimum winter temperature rise Tomar e Coruche (1ºC to 3ºC); Cascais (até 5ºC)

(EMAAC, 2017)

increase in extreme

precipitation phenomena

Expected Changes Territorial Specificities

Increase in extreme phenomena, in particular heavy or more intense precipitation Mafra, Torres Vedras, Lisboa,

Coruche, BarreiroMore intense winter storms with heavy rain and wind

(EMAAC, 2017)

rise in average seawater

level

Expected Changes Territorial Specificities

Increase in average sea level between 0,17m and 0,38m, until 2050 and between

0,26m and 0,81m until the end of the century

• Mafra, Torres Vedras, Lisboa,

Barreiro

• Cascais (between 1,36m & 0,82m

by the end of the century)Average sea level rise with more severe impacts when combined with sea level

rise associated with storms

(EMAAC, 2017)

Evolution of planning methods:

• policies to mitigate the causes of climate change, with a focus on reducing GHG emissions and

increasing carbon sequestration capacity (+ frequent, + developed, necessary but not sufficient)

• policies for adapting to the effects and impacts of climate change in the territory, through

the regulation of land uses, influencing changes in activities and lifestyles (- frequent, + proactive, +

economic and safe, occurs in anticipation)

• integrated action that incorporates mitigation and adaptation measures in the planning,

associated with a greater integration of spatial, social and economic policies (still scarce, + relevant /

adequate)

Considering

• national and international policy guidelines

• adaptation options already identified

• capacities and limitations of intervention of territorial planning in the development of societies

• main impacts and vulnerabilities of climate change, requiring priority action:

Rural firesHeat waveDroughts and water shortages

Increased maximum

temperatures

Extreme precipitation

events

Average sea

level rise

Overtopping and coastal

erosion

Desertification

Thematic sheets

F1• Risks / territorial resilience - Know, map and regulate risks, considering the current and future impacts of climate

change

F2• Sustainable Mobility - Promote sustainable mobility based on low carbon options and through the optimization of the

territorial organization of people and activities (proximity urbanism), reducing travel / distances

F3• Ecosystem services - protecting and enhancing ecosystem services

F4• Renewable energy - Development / exploitation / exploitation of renewable energy sources

F5• Environmental efficiency - Reduce the consumption of primary resources by increasing environmental efficiency

(energy, water, materials and soil) and enhance the transition to a circular economy

(F1) Know, map the risks and regulate land uses,considering the impacts of climate change (current andfuture)

• maps of susceptibility and exposed elements (floods, coastaloverturns, coastal erosion, forest fires, heat waves, cold waves,etc.)

• prohibited / permitted and conditioned uses in risk areas

• relocation of buildings in risk areas

• areas, infrastructures and rescue equipment

Mitigation

(mitigate the causes: reduce GHG

emissions / increase carbon sequestration)

Adaptation

(adapt to the effects: changes in activities

and lifestyles)

Mitigation

(mitigate the causes: reduce GHG

emissions / increase carbon sequestration)

Adaptation

(adapt to the effects: changes in activities

and lifestyles)

(F2) Sustainable mobility - Optimizing the territorial distribution of people and

their activities (reducing travel)

• size of agglomerates, densities, locations with mixed uses and accessibility - proximity

urbanism

• mobility with less GHG emissions and air pollutants

(F4) Use of renewable energy sources

• large-scale production from renewable sources

• location criteria for solar and wind farms, incompatibility and complementarities of uses

• micro-generation of renewable energy production

• conditions for exploration in buildings

(F3) Protection and enhancement of ecosystem services (climate and flood regulation, provision, air and

water purification, soil maintenance, food production, pest control and biodiversity protection)

• Know and map the services provided by ecosystems

• Protect, value and enhance

• Recover and promote the use of Green Infrastructures / Municipal Ecological Structures

• Regulate agricultural and forestry practices

(F3) Maintenance / increase of carbon sequestration capacity - ecosystem services

• in soil, water bodies and species

Mitigation

(mitigate the causes: reduce GHG

emissions / increase carbon sequestration)

Adaptation

(adapt to the effects: changes in activities

and lifestyles)

(F5) Environmental Efficiency - Resilient and adaptive urban planning

• Improve the thermal comfort of buildings and the responsiveness of public spaces to climatic events, incorporating

adaptive solutions (planning conditions, design and construction standards)

(F5) Increase in environmental efficiency (energy, water, soil and materials)

• More efficient buildings that make the most of their resources and emit less GHG (planning conditions, sustainable

building code)

Mitigation

(mitigate the causes: reduce GHG

emissions / increase carbon sequestration)

Adaptation

(adapt to the effects: changes in activities

and lifestyles)

SHEET N.º Thematic

1. Description

(…)

2. Goals

(…)

3. Integration in the Municipal Master Plan

Baseline Studies

(…)

Strategy

(…)

Territorial Model

(…)

Execution Programs

(…)

4. Project Examples

(…)

F1 Risks

Retention basins in urban areas

Water Square Benthemplein. Location: Rotterdam (Netherlands)

The “water square” combines water storage with improving the quality of urban public space.

Sponge areas

Ghent Watercity Location: Ghent (Belgium)

The project develops around 5 ambitions: more space for water, greener banks, bettertransport along and over water, better water quality and "city like a sponge"

Green Roofs

Location:Toronto (Canada)

In February 2006, Toronto adopted the Green Roof Strategy to encourage theconstruction of green roofs in the city

Temperature control and runoff in an urban contexto

Location: Berlin (Germany)

Establishes that the construction of new buildings requires a proportion of the area to be left as a greenspace

F2 Sustainable

Mobility

Sustainable mobility policy - balanced modal split

The city of Copenhagen defined a mobility policy that designated 3/3: 1/3 of journeys bybicycle, 1/3 of journeys in public transport, 1/3 of journeys by car

Achieve sustainable mobility by regulating access to urban vehicles inthe city

Reduction in transport emissions by 30%. Complementary measures: - morehousing within city limits; - improvement in public transport infrastructure andcycle paths; -increase parking fees; -promote sharing; - encourage less travel; -stimulate the acquisition of less polluting vehicles

Incentives for electric mobility in London

London has the ambition to become a carbon-free city by 2050. It has drawn up a Guideentitled: “Electric vehicle charging infrastructure: Location guidance for London”, forplanning and implementing a coherent network of electric charging infrastructures

F3 Ecosystem Services

Green Infrastructure Grant Program

Location: NewYork (USA)

New York City has created an incentive program for individuals to adopt solutions that enhance urbangreen infrastructure

Green and Blue Axis

Location:Amadora, Sintra e Oeiras (Portugal)

Approach to physiographic continuity - valley of the river Jamor, from source to mouth -covering 3 municipalities - Sintra, Amadora and Oeiras - in a territorial exercise of heritageappreciation, with inductive effects of connectivity of sports and cultural structures,recreation and leisure, smooth mobility and landscape qualification

InVEST – integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoff

https://naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/invest/

Tool (from the USA) to model / assess spatially explicit ecosystem services

ValuES Methods Navigator

http://aboutvalues.net/method_navigator/

Internet platform that supports the identification of the most appropriate methodologies for theassessment of ecosystem services

F4 Renewable

energy

Agro-voltaic systems - systems for agricultural use and production of solar energy

Location: Demeter agricultural cooperative, Heggelbach (Germany)

The panels are mounted high enough (5 meters) to allow the crops planted below to receivealmost as much sun as they would be if the panels were not there and to allow agriculturalmachines to operate below them. After a year of testing, research has shown that the dual-usesystem has increased total land productivity by 60%

Energy-sustainable sports equipment

The Amsterdam Arena has implemented a multi-annual plan aimed at innovation andsustainability. As a result, 4,200 solar panels on the stadium roof are already inoperation and, to supply the remaining electricity needs, it uses wind energy. Thestadium uses urban heat generated by a nearby suburb for heating and for coolinguses the lake water

Gelsenkirchen Solar City (Germany)

The installation of a Science Park in 1996, focused on new forms of energy, changed thepattern of Gelsenkirchen from a mining town to a city dedicated to harnessing new energysources

F5 Eficiência Ambiental

Soil recycling (use)

The European Union in its 7th Environment Action Program establishes as one of the principles - by2020, to have active policies so that by 2050 the “net land take” is reached. Within this framework, twoEuropean Union publications published in 2016 - “Land recycling in Europe. Approaches to measuringextent and impacts ”and“ FUTURE BRIEF: No net land take by 2050? ”

Rainwater management and reuse

Location: Minneapolis (USA)

Creation of a rainwater system, supported by an agreement between the owners,which collects the water from six plots totaling 3 ha. Runoff is directed to twobiofiltration basins for treatment, storage and reuse in nearby locations andcommunity gardens

Agricultural irrigation system powered by solar energy

Location: Spain, Italy, Holland,Austria and Portugal

The project develops a technology, the main objective of which is to introduce a new ecologicalsolution to the market, consisting of the use of photovoltaic pumping systems for agricultural irrigation,which intend not to consume conventional electricity and save about 30% of water

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Economic Crises

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