IMPERIALISM

Southeast Asia, Africa, and India

WHAT IS IMPERIALISM?

Imperialism – the extension of a nation’s power over other lands

Overall main goal was to exploit the resources of the land

“new imperialism” vs. “old imperialism” Before - more content with trading

partnership Now - total control and domination

4 MAIN MOTIVES FOR IMPERIALISM

Economic motives – new markets and raw materials

Rivalries – source of national power Social Darwinism and racism

Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest Racism – race determines traits and

capabilities Superior races will dominate the inferior races

Moral Responsibility “the white man’s burden”

KINDS OF RULE

Indirect rule – local rulers allowed to keep their authority and status in a new colonial setting.

Direct rule – local elites replaced with new imperial officials and rulers.

Overall main goal was to exploit the resources of the land

COLONIAL TAKEOVER IN SE ASIA

Country Colony(ies) Direct or Indirect Rule

Example of Rule

United States

Netherlands

Great Britain

France

Mark “direct” or “indirect” on your map using the symbols on the board

COLONIAL TAKEOVER (MARK ON MAP)

Country Colony(ies) Direct or Indirect Rule

Example of Rule

United States

Philippines Direct

Netherlands Dutch East Indies Indirect

Great Britain Singapore, Burma Direct

France Indochina Direct (south) and indirect (north)

THE EXCEPTION

Siam only independent nation

Rivalry between Britain and France

If you were the ruler, what would you do to stay independent?

King Mongkut and King Chulalongkorn Promoted western

learning Promoted relationships

with both nations

EFFECTS OF IMPERIALISM IN S.E. ASIA

Did not want the colonists to develop their own industries.

Exported materials Used people as laborers High taxes Poor conditions

Good economic system brought to some of the colonies.

RESISTANCE

Resistance came in three forms

1. Rule elite class

2. Peasant revolts (due to harsh plantation conditions)

3. Urban, westernized, educated middle class

CLOSER

Based on the definition of imperialism, do you agree with this quote? Why or why not?”

America's entire war on terror is an exercise in imperialism.

~ MICHAEL IGNATIEFF, New York Times, Jul. 28, 2002

REVIEW

Raw materials

Moral responsibility

Siam

Direct rule

racism

Indirect rule

rivalries

Elite Class

protectorate

Poor conditions

VOCAB FOR SECTION 1

imperialism racism protectorate indirect rule direct rule exploit export

AFRICAN IMPERIALISMSection 2

5 REGIONS Divide Africa into 5 regions

West North Central East South

For each section, students will answer the following Summarize in one sentence what the importance

of the area was. What motives of imperialism did this reflect? Direct or indirect rule? Explain any challenges in the region.

AFRICAN IMPERIALISM

WEST AFRICA NORTH AFRICA1. Slave Trade, raw materials,

slowly added2. Economic motive (raw

materials); rivalries (French/British/German control); Social Darwinism (Slave trade)

3. France – Direct rule;G.B. – Indirect rule (protectorate)

4. Tensions with African governments, able to maintain independence; slave trade ended

1. Europeans needed access to canals; Ottoman Empire declines

2. Economic motives (link to trade routes); rivalries (prevent other countries from gaining too much control); moral responsibility (education)

3. G.B. – Indirect rule (Egypt protectorate); France – Direct rule)

4. Competition from other countries; resistance from natives

AFRICAN IMPERIALISM

CENTRAL AFRICA EAST AFRICA1. Unexplored and

unknown by European countries, sparking exploration.

2. Economic (maps, medical remedies; raw materials); rivalries (Belgium); Moral responsibility (missionaries)

3. Belgium – direct rule4. difficult and dangerous

to explore and access.

1. Smaller European powers struggling to gain some land.

2. Rivalries (smaller states; Berlin Conference); Economic motives (trade access)

3. Both4. Competition amongst

states; no regard given to present African boundaries.

AFRICAN IMPERIALISM

SOUTH AFRICA CLOSER – 1/8/13

1. Southern access; rich in resources

2. Rivalries (British & Boers); Racism/Social Darwinism (Boers and British superior to indigenous); economic motives (make fortunes)

3. Indirect rule – G.B.4. Indigenous tribes (Zulus

revolted against Boers); Boer War (Boers revolted against British settlers).

Which motive was most commonly used to justify imperialism in African?

OPPOSING VIEWPOINT QUESTIONS

1. What is “the white man’s burden”?2. What does Kipling’s poem describe?

List at least 3 phrases that support this message.

3. What does Morel’s passage describe? Find 2 examples from the text that support this.

4. What is each authors’ opinion of imperialism?

5. Who is the audience of each work? (who would support each authors’ message?)

DIRECT OR INDIRECT

Britain France Germany Belgium

BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIASection 3

SEPOY MUTINY

Ruled by the British East India Company

sepoys – Indian soldiers hired to protect the company’s interests

Rumors began over new rifle cartridges

Charged with mutiny when refused to use rifles

SEPOY MUTINY Revolted but defeated by British troops due

to lack of unity British government took over

Queen Victoria’s “Jewel in the Crown” Direct rule through a viceroy – a governor who

ruled as a representative of a monarch

Helped fuel Indian nationalism

BELL RINGER – 1/15/13

Answer the two “Critical Thinking” questions on pg. 467

Flag of the East India Company, 1800

Cause EffectBritish Textiles

Cotton crops

School system

Railroad, telegraph, telephone services

BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BRITISH RULE

BENEFITS AND COSTS OF BRITISH RULE

Cause EffectBritish Textiles Local industries shut down; women

out of work

Cotton crops Food production declined; thousands starved

School system Elite Indian children taught in preparation for government and military positions

Railroad, telegraph, telephone services

Increased communication and transportation

“SHOOTING AN ELEPHANT” QUESTIONS

1. What is the author conflicted about concerning his job?

2. What convinced the author that there was really an elephant on the loose?

3. What was the realization about “white man’s dominion in the East”?

4. What were the authors arguments for and against shooting the elephant?

5. What did the natives think of the author and other Europeans?

6. What were the reactions to his final choice?

EXTRA QUESTION

How does the story “We Crown Thee King” reflect Indian nationalism at the time?

INDIAN NATIONALISM

Indian National Congress – group of Indians in support of Indian rights (particularly in government).

Mohandas Gandhi – Indian lawyer to lead a nonviolent resistance movement for Indian independence.

Rabindranath Tagore – Indian author during the cultural revival and aided the nationalist movement

HEADLINES

You and your partner are to pick an event or topic from the given list and create a headline that might appear in an Indian nationalist newspaper.

Headline requirements Headline and byline Reflect the ideas of the newspaper it

appears in

TOPICS TO CHOOSE FROM EXAMPLE Indian Nationals

Congress (pg 469) Muslim League (pg 469-

70) Gandhi (return or

movement) (pg 470) cultural revival (pg 470-

71) Rabindranath Tagore (pg

471)

SEPOYS REVOLT!Hundreds of Britons Die in

Mass Slaughter

(to appear in a British newspaper)