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Some images are from www.chem4kids.com www.middleschoolscience.com 2008. Essential Questions : What determines where an element is placed on the Periodic Table of Elements? Which properties determine if an element is a Metal, Nonmetal or Metalloid?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Some images are from www.chem4kids.com
www.middleschoolscience.com 2008
Essential Questions:
What determines where an element is placed on the Periodic Table of Elements?
Which properties determine if an element is a Metal, Nonmetal or Metalloid?
Periodic table organizes elements according to their PROPERTIES
• Arranged in rows and columns
• Metals are on the left
• Non-metals are on the right
Families or Groups on the Periodic Table
• Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.
• Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
• Elements in each family
react differently with
other elements.
Electrons & the Periodic Table
Elements are grouped because they have similar properties
In some groups, the elements all have the same number of valence electrons in their atoms
• The vertical (up and down) columns of the periodic table (there are 18) are called groups or families.
• Elements in the same group or family have similar characteristics or properties.
Groups or Families of Elements
ALKALI METALSGroup 1• Hydrogen is not a member, it is a
non-metal• 1 valence electron • Soft and silvery metals• Very reactive, esp. with water• Conduct electricity
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 2• 2 valence
electrons• White and
malleable• Reactive, but less
than Alkali metals• Conduct electricity
Groups 3-12
Groups 3-12
The Transition Metals are less reactive than Groups 1 & 2 because they don’t lose their valence electrons as easily.
TRANSITION METALSGroups in the middle
• Good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Some are used for jewelry.
• Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
Silver and Gold are Transition Metals.
BORON FAMILY
Group 13
• 3 valence electrons
• Most are metals
• Boron is a metalloid
CARBON FAMILY Group 14• 4 valence
electrons• Contains metals,
metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)
NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15• 5 valence electrons• Can share
electrons to form compounds
• Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
OXYGEN FAMILY Group 16• 6 valence
electrons• Contains metals,
metalloids, and non-metals
• Reactive
HalogensGroup 17• 7 valence electrons• All are non-metals• Very reactive are
often bonded with elements from Group 1
Noble GasesGroup 18• Exist as gases• Non-metals• 8 valence = Full octet• Helium (He) has only 2
electrons in the outer shell = Full 1st Energy level that only holds two electrons
• Not reactive with other elements
Rows
• The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods.
• Elements in a period are not alike in properties.
• The period number tells us how many energy levels each atom contains.
Rows
• Atomic mass (number of protons) increases from left to right across a period.
•