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8th Grade ScienceMrs. Dickerson
Some images are from www.chem4kids.com
www.middleschoolscience.com 2008
Groups on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be
grouped based on their chemical properties.Each group has a specific name to
differentiate it from the other groups in the periodic table.
Elements in each groupreact differently with other elements.
HYDROGENThis element does not match the properties
of any other group, so it stands alone.It is placed above Group 1, but it is not a part
of that group.Very reactiveColorlessOdorlessGas at room temperature
ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member, it is
a non-metal1 electron in the outer shellSoft, shiny, silver-colored metalsVery reactive, esp. with waterNever found in nature in their
pure formConduct electricity
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
Alkali Metals ExamplesLithium
Sodium
ALKALINE-EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in the
outer shellWhite or silver-
colored and malleable (easily shaped)
Reactive, but less than Alkali metals
Conduct electricity
Alkaline-Earth Metals Examples
Calcium
TRANSITION METALSGroups 3 - 12
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Some are used for jewelry.
The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.
Shiny
Transition Metals Examples
BORON GROUPGroup 133 electrons in
the outer shell4 are metalsBoron is a
metalloid
Boron Group ExamplesAluminum
CARBON GROUPGroup 144 electrons in
the outer shellContains 2
metals, 2 metalloids, and one nonmetal
Carbon Group ExamplesCarbon Fiber
NITROGEN GROUPGroup 155 electrons in the
outer shellCan share
electrons to form compounds
Contains 1 metal, two metalloids, and two nonmetals
Nitrogen Group ExamplesNitrogen is found in fertilizers
Liquid Nitrogen
OXYGEN GROUPGroup 166 electrons in
the outer shellContains 1
metal, 1 metalloid, and 3 nonmetals
Reactive group
Oxygen Group Examples
Sulfur is found ingunpowder
HALOGENSGroup 177 electrons in the
outer shellAll are non-metalsVery reactive are
often bonded with elements from Group 1
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Halogen Group Examples
NOBLE GASESGroup 18Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the
outer shell = FullHelium (He) has
only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with other elements
Colorless and odorless at room temperature
Noble Gases Examples
LANTHANIDES AND ACTINIDESRare earth
metalsLanthanides
are shiny and reactive
Actinides are ALL radioactive and unstable
Conduct electricity
Elements 93-118 do not exist in nature but have been manufactured in the lab
LANTHANIDES AND ACTINIDES