Upload
carr
View
69
Download
6
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Solanaceae: Solanales. Habit: Herbs, shrubs, trees, vines Hairs: Often stellate, prickles or spines Leaves: Simple, alternate, exstipulate (sometimes deeply lobed), may be adenate to stem Inflorescence: Determinate, cymose or solitary Flowers (overall): Showy, bisexual - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Solanaceae: Solanales
Habit: Herbs, shrubs, trees, vines
Hairs: Often stellate, prickles or spines
Leaves: Simple, alternate, exstipulate (sometimes deeply lobed), may be adenate to stem
Inflorescence: Determinate, cymose or solitary
Flowers (overall): Showy, bisexual
Floral Symmetry: Radial
Calyx: 5 connate sepals, often persistant
Corolla: 5 connate petals, rotate to tubular, plicate (folded), lobe end turned inward or reflexed
Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate, connivient anthers (touching)
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, tilted, superior ovary, terminal (gynobasic) style
Placentation: axile
Fruit: Berry or capsule
Pollination regime: Bees, wasps & flies (pollen sp. only). Moths, butterflies (nectar sp.)
Interesting Species: Tomato, eggplant, tobacco, jimsonweed, petunia
Gestalt: "5-5-5-2" Hairs, plicate corolla, berry, rotate flower, connivient anthers
Solanaceae: Solanales
Potato, connivent anthers, plicate corolla
Buffalo-bur
Poisonousberries
Atropa belladonna, alkaloids used to treat heart problems
Physalis virginiana, ground cherry
Physalis alkekengi, Ornamental calyx
Nicotina sp.
Brugmansia sp.treeplicate corolla
Nightshade
Alt leaves,Plicate corolla,
Boraginaceae:Solanales
Habit: Herbs, shrubs, trees, woody vines(lianas)
Hairs: Rough bristly hairs
Leaves: Alternate, simple, exstipulate
Inflorescence: Helicoid (Scorpoid) cyme, determinate
Flowers (overall): Bisexual, funellform or tubular
Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic
Calyx: 5 connate sepals
Corolla: 5 connate petals
Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate the lobesAndroecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate the lobes
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, deeply 4-lobed, gynobasic Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, deeply 4-lobed, gynobasic style (or terminal), superior ovary, nectar disc around ovary style (or terminal), superior ovary, nectar disc around ovary basebase
Placentation: axilePlacentation: axile
Fruit: 4-parted nutletFruit: 4-parted nutlet
Pollination regime: bees wasps, butterflies, flies, (also moths, Pollination regime: bees wasps, butterflies, flies, (also moths, beetles, bats and birds)beetles, bats and birds)
Interesting Species:Heliotrope, borage, hounds tongue, forget-Interesting Species:Heliotrope, borage, hounds tongue, forget-me-not, bluebells, amsinkia, popcorn flowerme-not, bluebells, amsinkia, popcorn flower
Gestalt: round stems, 4-part nutlet, gynobasic style, bristly, Gestalt: round stems, 4-part nutlet, gynobasic style, bristly, helicoid cyme, often toxic ( alkaloids, nitrates), "5-5-5-2"helicoid cyme, often toxic ( alkaloids, nitrates), "5-5-5-2"
Boraginaceae:Solanales
Bristles,Helicoid cyme5 patternAlt. stamens
4-part ovary,Gynobasic stylebristles
Forget me nots
Popcorn flower
Boraginaceae("Hydrophyllaceae") :Solanales
Habit: Herbs and shrubs
Hairs: hairy or spiny
Leaves: Alternate (basal), simple but sometimes compound
Inflorescence: Helicoid (Scorpoid) cyme, determinate
Flowers (overall): Bisexual, rotate
Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic
Calyx: 5 connate sepals
Corolla: 5 connate petals, often with appendages within
Boraginaceae("Hydrophyllaceae") :Solanales
Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate lobes
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, ovary superior, styles often 2-lobed, not gynobasic numerous ovules on 2 parietal placentas
Placentation: parietal
Fruit: capsule
Interesting Species: Baby blue eyes, phacelia
Gestalt: helicoid cyme, round stem, split style, hairy, entire ovary, many ovules on parietal placenta (look for this in lab), "5-5-5-2"
Split style
Atypical
Apocynaceae:Gentianales
Habit: Trees, shrubs, vines, herbs with milky sap
Leaves: Simple, entire, opposite or whorled, exstipulate
Inflorescence: Racemose, cymose or solitary, often determinate
Flowers (overall): Bisexual
Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic
Calyx: 5 connate sepals, glandular inside
Corolla: 5 connate petals, spiral or contorted in bud
Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens
Apocynaceae:Gentianales
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels (apically united), ovary superior or half-inferior
Placentation: Marginal
Fruit: follicle, capsule, drupe or berry, seed with tuft of hair
Pollination regime: great diversity, specialized mechanisms, 3-zone style (deposition, sticky middle, reception) [get nectar from base of stylar head and deposit pollen, get sticky, pick up pollen on the way out]
Other comments: Contain poisons, poison arrows
Interesting Species: Vinca, Oleander, Dogbane
Gestalt: Milky sap, opposite leaves, contorted bud, "5-5-5-2", glandular calyx. 3-part style
Apocynaceae("Asclepiadaceae") :Gentianales
Corolla: reflexed petals
Androecium: 5 stamens = 5 x 2 united pollinia, corona(nectar accumulates here), adenate to gynoecium
Gynoecium: elaborate 3-part structure
Fruit: pair of follicles
Pollination regime: get nectar from corolla, foot get lodged on pollinia, fly away, dislodged on next flower.
Asclepias sullivantiiUmbelsSapOpposite leaves
Asclepias spSepals,Petals,corona
Stapelia, smells like rotting flesh
Plantaginaceae ("Old Plantaginaceae"):Lamiales
Habit:Herbs
Leaves: Basal rosette, prominant parallel veins
Inflorescence: Scapose, stout or wirey scapes, spike
Flowers (overall): bisexual
Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic
Calyx: 4 connate sepals, herbaceous
Corolla: 4 connate petals, scarious
Plantaginaceae ("Old Plantaginaceae"):Lamiales
Androecium: 4 epipetalous stamens
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, superior
Placentation: axile, basal
Gestalt: Basal rosette, wirey scape, 4-merous flowers, spike
Habit: Herbs , rarely trees
Leaves: Simple exstipulate
Inflorescence: variable
Flowers (overall): Bisexual
Floral Symmetry: Zygomorphic
Calyx: 5 connate sepals
Corolla: 5 connate petals, 2 lipped, 2 upper + 3 lower
Plantaginaceae ("Old Scrophulariaceae"):Lamiales
Androecium: 2 or 4 stamens, didynamous (2long, 2 short) + staminode
Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, ovary superior, style terminal
Placentation: axile
Fruit: capsule (berry)
Pollination regime: bees flies birds (nectar) nectar guides often present
Notes: hemiparisites moved to Orobanchaceae (Aureolaria, Castilleja, Pedicularis, Agalinis, Buchnera). Verbascum and Scrophularia retained in Scrophulariaaceae
Gestalt: 2-lipped, staminode, didynamous
Plantaginaceae ("Old Scrophulariaceae"):Lamiales
Penstemon pallidus2 lippedlanding platform
Penstemon didynamous
snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus
Calceolaria sp
Blue-eyed Mary, Collinsia vernaStrongly 2-lipped
FoxgloveDigitalis purpureaHeart medicine
Butter-and-eggs, Linaria vulgaris, long nectar spur
Pedicularis Canadensiscapsules open on upper side hemiparisite