QUESTION Will heat be released during Acid / Base chemical
reactions?
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HYPOTHESIS I hypothesize that some chemical reactions will
produce heat and some will not. I think that reactions with
stronger chemicals will produce heat.
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COMPUTER GENERATED PH CHART 14Liquid drain cleaner, Custic Soap
Examples of solutions and their respective pH 13bleaches, oven
cleaner 12 Soapy water 11 Household ammonia 10 milk of magnesium 9
toothpaste 8 baking soda, seawater, eggs 7 "pure" water 6 milk 5
acid rain, black coffee 4 tomato juice 3 grapefruit & orange
juice, soft drink 2 lemon juice, vinegar 1 hydrochloic acid
secreted from the stomach lining 0 battery acid
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MY PH CHART
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MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE
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MATERIALS Acids (200 ml each) Lemon juice Vinegar Soft drink
Orange juice Milk Bases (200 ml each) Baking soda Milk of magnesium
Ammonia Bleach Drain cleaner
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MATERIALS (CONT.) Beakers Digital thermometer Data sheet
Distilled water Graduated cylinder Litmus paper
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PROCEDURE Procedure 1.Put 100ml distilled water and thermometer
in a beaker 2.Stir to a constant temp. 3.Record temp. 4.Put 50ml
acid and 50ml base in separate containers 5.Make each chemical
constant temperature 6.Record temp. 7.Add acid and base to beaker
with distilled water at same time 8.Record temp. every 2 seconds
for 20 sec. 9.Clean beakers 10.Repeat with all acid / base
combinations
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DATA AND GRAPHS
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MILK WITH EACH BASE
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LEMON JUICE WITH EACH BASE
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ORANGE JUICE WITH EACH BASE
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VINEGAR WITH EACH BASE
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SODA WITH EACH BASE
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DATA CHARTS The data charts show the acid on top and the bases
listed down the side The temperatures are listed in 2 second
intervals horizontally across the chart The reaction with the base
on top and the acids on the side
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MILK DATA CHART Milk Milk of magnesium17
bleach17.517.918.118.418.718.919.319.419.5 Drain
cleaner17.317.617.717.91818.218.418.818.5 Ammonia16.4 Baking
soda14.714.314.214.114.013.813.713.6
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ORANGE JUICE DATA CHART Orange Juice Ammonia17.2 17.3 Drain
cleaner 17.818.218.418.518.9 19.0 19.1
Bleach17.317.718.118.418.518.7 18.818.9 Milk of magnesiu m
16.316.416.516.6 16.7 16.8
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LEMON JUICE DATA CHART Lemon Juice Baking
Soda17.817.117.016.916.716.6 16.7 ammonia12.213.413.513.6 Milk of
magnesium 20.821.221.321.72222.422.522.622.722.8 Drain
cleaner18.219.42020.2 20.320.420.620.721
Bleach17.818.518.919.219.619.82020.32021.3
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SODA DATA CHART Soda - Coke bleach17.417.5 17.6 Milk of
magnesium 17.417.5 17.6 Drain cleaner17.517.617.517.7 17.8 17.9
Ammonia16.9 17.0 Baking soda13.714.015.813.415.813.413.313.1
13.6
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MILK DATA CHART milk Milk of magnesium 17
Bleach17.517.918.118.418.718.919.319.4 19.5 Drain
cleaner17.317.617.717.9 18 18.418.818.5 Ammonia16.4 Baking
soda14.714.314.214.11413.813.713.6
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RESEARCH
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS Chemical reactions and changes take place
when molecules or elements interact with other elements to form new
chemical compounds. In order of two molecules to react, the pair of
electrons must collide. The collision needs to be exact on the
angle of the collision and the it needs to have enough energy to
break the chemical bond. Energy is released and a new and different
bond is formed. The reaction rate is measured by the change in
consecration of one of the starting materials over time. If some
reaction condition is changed, the reaction rate will be
changed.
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ACID / BASE REACTIONS Acid / base chemical reactions are one of
the six types of chemical reactions. When an acid and a base are
mixed there is a neutralization reaction. Different properties make
different chemicals and other liquids acids and bases. When acids
are dissolved in water they can conduct electricity, they have a
sour taste (lemons and limes are acids), they turn blue litmus
paper red, and they neutralize bases. Bases, when dissolved in
water have a bitter taste, a slippery feeling when applied to your
skin, and can turn red litmus paper blue. The strength of acids /
bases are measured on a pH scale. On the scale seven is a neutral
chemical like water or blood. Any number below seven and above zero
is an acid and numbers eight to fifteen are bases.
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HEAT RELEASED The amount of heat released can be measured in
the change in the temperature of the surrounding objects. If the
container is well insulated, the heat released during the reaction
will raise or lower the temperature of the contents of the
container. If your reaction took place in a calorimeter that wasnt
completely insulated then some the heat would escape. To determine
the amount of heat that escapes compare the temperature of change
and the heat capacity of the container to the known heat flow.
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PICTURES AND VIDEO
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LEMON JUICE AND BAKING SODA This is how full it was before the
baking soda
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VIDEO
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CONCLUSION Based on my observations, acid / base reactions do
produce heat. With different strength chemicals more or less heat
is produced. With some chemicals the solutions gets colder. My
hypothesis was correct in that there was heat produced in most acid
base reactions.
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BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Slide 32
Nave, Carl. Acid Base Reactions. Georgia State University,
2009. Web. 22 November 2010. Science Dictionary. Chemistry Terms
and Definitions Listed Alphabetically. Science Dictionary,2006.
Web. 12 November 2010. Le Moyne College. Calorimetry of Acid Base
Neutralization. Le Moyne College, Unknown. Web. 24 November
2010.
Slide 33
Banks, Richard. Chemical Reactions. Boise State University,
January 2001. Web. 28 November 2010. Woolf, Henry (editor in
chief). Calorimeter. Websters New Colligate Dictionary.150th
Anniversary Edition. 1981. Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). Enthalpy
of neutralization. Websters New Colligate Dictionary.150th
Anniversary Edition. 1981.
Slide 34
Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). Enthalpy of neutralization.
Websters New Colligate Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition. 1981.
Woolf, Henry (editor in chief). Exothermic. Websters New Colligate
Dictionary.150th Anniversary Edition. 1981. Woolf, Henry (editor in
chief). Endothermic. Websters New Colligate Dictionary.150th
Anniversary Edition. 1981.