SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND ICTs IN JAMAICA

Ishtar Govia,Ph.D.Lecturer in Psychology

The University of the West indies, Monajamaica

OUTLINE

▪Define SDH▪Review ICTs▪Present a case study of the potential of merging these two areas: Caribbean Migrations: Jamaica Returned Migrants Study (http://caribbeanmigration.com/)

PART I: SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

From WHO Conceptual Framework for Action on SDH

PART I: SDH (cont’d)

From WHO Conceptual Framework for Action on SDH

PART I: SDH (cont’d)

From WHO Conceptual Framework for Action on SDH

PART II: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

▪ Unified communications

▪ Integration of telecommunications, computers, and systems that enable transmission, storage, access, and manipulation of information

PART III: THE POTENTIAL INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN SDH AND ICTS

Multiple angles

▪ ICTs capturing information on and addressing SDH and inequities in SDH

▪ SDH informing innovations in ICTs

▪ Baseline data, Programmes and Interventions, Research

From Francisco Villanueva’s website: http://www.ictconsequences.net/2011/11/09/social-determinants-of-health-and-ict-for-health-ehealth-conceptual-framework/

From Francisco Villanueva’s website: http://www.ictconsequences.net/2011/11/09/social-determinants-of-health-and-ict-for-health-ehealth-conceptual-framework/

CASE STUDY: POTENTIAL USES WITH CARIBBEAN MIGRATIONS – JAMAICA RETURNED MIGRANTS STUDY

Purpose of the Study:

To assess social determinants of health and health inequities in a sample of Jamaican voluntary return migrants (VRM) and a smaller comparison sample of Jamaicans with no international migration history (NIMH)

http://caribbeanmigration.com

ONE HEALTH OUTCOME OF INTEREST EXAMINED IN THE CM-JRMS:MODIFIABLE RISK BEHAVIORS

Unhealthy Diet

Tobacco Use

Limited Physical Activity

RISK BEHAVIOURS IN THE CARIBBEAN - 2010

Insufficient Physical Activity Tobacco & Cigarette Smoking0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Jamaica

Barbados

Dominica

Dominican Republic

St. Lucia

St. Kitts & Nevis

Trinidad & Tobago

No comparative data currently available on unhealthy diet in Caribbean countries.

World Health Organization (2010b)

FOUNDATIONAL STEP: ACKNOWLEDGE AND MEASURE UNIVERSAL AND CULTURE SPECIFIC EQUITY STRATIFIERS

Disparate socioeconomic conditions

EQUITY STRATIFIER: URBAN VS RURAL LOCATION

Urban Communities

EQUITY STRATIFIER: URBAN VS RURAL LOCATION

Rural Communities

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF URBAN POPULATION WITHIN PARISHES IN JAMAICA (2001)

0102030405060708090

100100

86.9

28.223.5 20.8

26.819.6

55.1

9.3

25.7

14.4

33.5 30.3%Population

Total Population 52%

PIOJ (n.d.)

PARISHES SAMPLED IN CM’S JRMS

ManchesterSt. Andrew

Kingston

St. Ann

BUILD ATTENTION TO SDH INTO RESEARCH AND SAMPLING DESIGN

▪ In the CM-JRMS this was done by using a sample frame for community selection based on Social Development Commission’s (SDC) listing of communities▪ stratified based on community poverty level using the Deprivation Quintiles (DQ) as indicator

▪ Assesses poverty using Unsatisfied Basic Needs Approach (UBNA) i.e. “public poverty”

▪ Concerns the quality of life of residents

▪ Involves SDC defined “deprivation” related to:▪ physical security

▪ availability of amenities (e.g. water, light, schools, clinics, physical infrastructure)

▪ Contrasts with the percent of persons below the poverty line indicator

▪ Random selection of two communities from each poverty quintile ▪ Set minimum quota for each community → 20 VRM; 7 NIMH

OTHER EQUITY STRATIFIERS – UNIVERSAL AND LOCALLY SPECIFIC

▪ Age

▪ Sex

▪ Self-reported racial group

▪ Geographic location ▪ parish ▪ urban versus rural community

▪ Self-reported socioeconomic class

▪ Occupation

▪ Migration experience

PARTNERING SDH AND ICTS:SIMPLE STEPS AND POTENTIAL INNOVATIONS

▪ Collection of contact information: telephone, Facebook, actual named street address

▪ Geo-spatial mapping data collection points

▪ Website development to provide updates, translate and disseminate findings, and connect community of respondents and other stakeholders

▪ Using the social networks data for mapping of communities and health outcomes

THANK YOU!

For more information, to share thoughts and ideas, to discuss collaborative possibilities, please contact:

Ishtar Govia: ishtargovia@gmail.com