So Sanh Tinh Axitbazo

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Gio vin: Nguyn Cao Chung - 1 - Chc cc em thnh cng!

CHUYN SO SNH NHIT SI TAN V TNH AXIT-BAZ

A- Nhit si ,nng chy ca cc cht Cc yu t nh hng n nhit si , ngha l nh hng n lc ht gia cc phn t gm c:

- Khi lng phn t ; Lin kt H ; momen lng cc ca phn t ;Lc phn tn london (1dng ca lc Van der Waals)

- Cc yu t trn cng nh hng ng k n tan trong nc ca cc cht hu c , m quan trng nht l lin kt H. Gc R (ankyl ) cng ln kh nng k nc cng ln. - Cu trc mng tinh th cng cht kht , gi gm st sao = > nhit nng chy cao.

1- nh hng ca lin kt H n nhit si : - Lin kt gip cc phn t rng buc vi nhau cht ch hn => nhit si cao hn 2 - Lc van der waals - Lc ht van der waals l lc ht tnh in gia cc phn t do s phn cc tm thi trong phn t - Lc ht van der waals cng thuc loi lc tng tc yu , nh hng dn nhit si tng t nh lc lk H c lin kt van der waals th nhit si cao hn . 3 - Mmen lng cc : Xut hin khi c s phn b in tch ko u , c trng tm tch in dng v m ko trng nhau , nn xut hin lng cc s c nhit si cao ,tan tt trong cc dung mi phn cc . VD : aminoacid hoc mui amoniclorua 4 - Lc phn tn London: Lc ny xut hin khi mmen lng cc tm thi gy ra do cm ng t cc phn t k cn khi chng tin n gn nhau + Din tch b mt cng ln phn t cng ln th lc ht cng mnh lc london cng mnh -> t0 cao + Lc phn tn london gii thch cho chng ta hin tng cc ng phn c nhit si khc nhu ( do ng phn no c mnh di hn ->lc london mnh hn nhit si cao hn )

+ phn nhnh cng cao > phn t cng i xng cu > din tch tip xc gia cc b mt phn t gim > nhit si cng gim.

Bi 1: So snh nhit nc ca ng phn hnh hc

CH3COOCH2C C

CH2CH2CH3

H H

CH3COOCH2C C

H

H CH2CH2CH3cis- trans-

*Dng trans- c nhit nng chy cao hn do cu trc tinh th ca dng trans- bn vng sp xp cht kht hn so vi dng cis- (dng trans- vn gi nguyn cu trc zic-zac ca mch cacbon, dng cis- ph v cu trc zic-zac ny).

Bi 2: Di y l cc gi tr nhit nng chy v nhit si ca n-pentan v neopentan. Gii thch s khc bit nhit nng chy v nhit si gia cc cht ny.

n-Pentan Neopentan Nhit si (oC) 36 9,5 Nhit nng chy (oC) -130 -17

* Nhit si ca neopentan thp hn n-pentan v khi phn t c cng nhiu nhnh, tnh i xng cu ca phn t cng tng, din tch b mt phn t cng gim, lm cho bn tng tc lin phn t gim v nhit si tr nn thp hn. * Tri li, tnh i xng cu li lm cho mng tinh th cht rn tr nn c kht hn v bn vng hn, nn nhit nng chy cao hn.

Bi tp 3: So snh v gii thch vn tt:

(a) Nhit si ca pentan-1-ol, 2-metylbutan-2-ol v 3-metylbutan-2-ol. (b) Tnh tan trong nc ca pentan-1,5-diol v pentan-1-ol (c) mnh tnh axit ca CH4, C6H5OH, CH3OH, CH3COOH, CH3SO2OH

Gii: (a) Trt t tng dn nhit si:

CCH3

OH

CH3

CH2 CH3 CHCH3CH3

CH

OH

CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH

Khi s mch nhnh tng th cu trc c xu hng thu gn tr thnh dng cu, lm gim bn lin kt lin phn t.

(b) pentan-1,5-diol tan tt hn pentan-1-ol, do c nhiu nhm -OH to c lin kt hidro a phng, a chiu hn.

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(c) Trt t tng dn mnh tnh axit:

CH3-H

CH3O-H O H

CH3 C

O

HO

CH3 S

O

O

O H

khng phn cc

phn cc yu do CH3- y

electron

phn cc mnh do C6H5- ht electron

phn cc mnh hn do CO ht electron mnh

hn

phn cc mnh nht do c hai nhm SO ht

electron

CH3-

CH3O

- O-

CH3 C

O

O

1/2-

1/2-

CH3 S O

O

O

1/3-

1/3-

1/3-

km bn

km bn, khng c gii ta in tch

bn do c s gii ta in tch

bn do c s gii ta in tch trn

hai O

bn do c s gii ta in tch trn

ba O

B - So snh tnh axit - baz

a) Tnh axit: - Khi mt axit kt hp vi mt nguyn t (hoc nhm nguyn t) c m in ln hn (phn cc) cng gn nhm chc -COOH th tnh axit ca axit s ln hn axit tng ng. Lc ht e gim theo m in : ( F>Cl>Br>I)

V d: CH3COOH < Cl-CH2COOH < F-CH2COOH

- Mch cacbon ca axit cng di v cng phn nhnh th tnh axit cng gim.

-Khi c thm cc nhm th y e ( (CH3)3C- > (CH3)2CH- > C2H5 - > CH3- > H-) gn vo mch C ca axit th lm gim tnh axit

- Khi c thm cc nhm th ht e ( CN- >F- >Cl- >Br- >CH3O- >C6H5- >CH2=CH-) gn vo mch C ca axit th lm tng tnh axit.

- Axit khng no thng c tnh axit mnh hn axit no. CH3CH2COH < CH2=CH-COOH < CHC-COOH

- ng phn cis c tnh axit mnh hn trans do c momen lng cc ln hn.

b) Tnh baz: Nguyn nhn gy ra tnh baz ca cc amin l do trn nguyn t N cn mt cp e t do c th nhng cho proton H+. Mi yu t lm tng linh ng ca cp e t do s lm cho tnh baz tng v ngc li.

Nu R l gc y e s lm tng mt e trn N tnh baz tng.

Nu R l gc ht e s lm gim mt e trn N tnh baz tng.

Amin bc 3 kh kt hp vi proton H+ do s n ng khng gian ca nhiu nhm R cn tr s tn cng ca H+ vo nguyn t N => nn trong dung mi H2O (phn cc) amin b1 < amin b2 > amin b3 S liu v pKa ca axit lin hp vi amin (pKa cng ln th tnh baz cng mnh): (C6H5)2NH:0,9; C6H5NHC(CH3)3:3,78; C6H5NH2: 4,58; C6H5NHCH3: 4,85; C6H5NHC2H5: 5,11; NH3: 9,25; C3H5NH2: 9,7; (CH3)3N: 9,80; n- C4H9NH2: 10,60; CH3NH2: 10,62; C2H5NH2 v n-C12H25NH2: 10,63; n- C8H17NH2: 10,65; (CH3)2NH: 10,77; (C2H5)3N: 10,87; (C2H5)2NH: 10,93.

V d : So snh (c gii thch) mnh tnh axit ca axit molonic HOOC-CH2-COOH vi (a) axit oxalic HOOC-COOH ; (b) axit sucxinic. HOOC-CH2-CH2- COOH (a) K1 (axit oxalic) > K1 (axit malonic) do khi mch cacbon tng, hiu ng (-I) ca nhm cacboxyl gim lm

phn cc ca lin kt O-H v gim bn ca baz lin hp. K2 (axit oxalic) > K2 (axit malonic) do ion oxalat c bit bn nh s cng hng.

(b) K1 (axit malonic) > K1 (axit sucxinic) do khi mch cacbon tng, hiu ng (-I) ca nhm cacboxyl gim lm phn cc ca lin kt O-H gim v bn ca baz lin hp gim. K2 (axit malonic) < K2 (axit sucxinic) do ion sucxinat bn hn ion malonat nh mch cacbon ln hn, th nng tng tc gia cc nhm COO- nh hn.

CO O

COHHO

CO O

CO-HO

CO O

COO 2-

HOOC(CH2)nCOOH HOOC(CH2)nCOO- -OOC(CH2)nCOO

-



BI TP RN LUYN Cu 1: Nhit si ca cc cht CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH4 c sp xp theo chiu tng dn l : A. CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH4 . B. CH3COOH, CH3CHO, CH3CH2COOH, CH4 . C. CH4, CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH3CH2COOH . D. CH3CHO, CH3CH2COOH, CH3COOH, CH4 . Cu 2: Nhit si ca cc cht c sp xp theo th t tng dn : A. C2H5Cl < CH3COOH < C2H5OH . B. C2H5OH < C2H5Ci < CH3COOH . C. C2H5Cl < C2H5OH < CH3COOH . D. CH3COOH < C2H5OH < C2H5Ci . Cu 3: Cht c nhit si cao nht l : A. CH3COOH B. CH3CHO C. C2H5OH D. CH3COCH3 Cu 4: Nhit si ca cc cht : (1) axit fomic ; (2) anehit fomic ; (3) ru metylic . c xp theo th t tng dn l : A. 1, 2, 3 B. 2, 1, 3 C. 2, 3, 1 D. 3, 2, 1 Cu 5: Trong cc cch sp xp tng dn nhit si ca cc cht sau, th t ng l: A. HCOOCH3 < CH3COOCH3 < n- C3H7OH < CH3COOH < C2H5COOH B. HCOOCH3 < CH3COOH < n- C3H7OH < CH3COOCH3< C2H5COOH C. HCOOCH3 < CH3COOCH3 < CH3COOH < n- C3H7OH < C2H5COOH D. n- C3H7OH axit axetic > etyl axetat D. Ancol etylic > etyl axetat > axit axetic Cu 13: Cho cc cht sau : CH3COOH, CH3CHO, C6H6, C6H5COOH Chiu gim dn ( t tri qua phi ) kh nng ho tan trong nc ca cc cht trn l : A. CH3COOH, CH3CHO, C6H5COOH, C6H6 . B. CH3COOH, C6H5COOH,CH3CHO, C6H6 . C. C6H5COOH,CH3COOH, CH3CHO, C6H6 . D. CH3COOH, C6H5COOH, C6H6,CH3CHO . Cu 14: Cho 3 axit : Axit pentanoic CH3[CH2]2CH2COOH (1) Axit hexanoic CH3[CH2]3CH2COOH (2) Axit heptanoic CH3[CH2]4CH2COOH (3) Chiu gim dn tan trong nc ( t tri qua phi ) ca 3 axit cho l A. (1) , (3) , (2) . B. (1) , (2) , (3) C. (3) , (2) , (1) . D. C 3 axit trn u khng tan trong nc Cu 15: Cho cc cht sau : C2H5OH , CH3COOH, HCOOH , C6H5OH Chiu tng dn linh ng ca nguyn t H trong cc nhm chc ca 4 cht l : A. C2H5OH , C6H5OH, HCOOH , CH3COOH. B. C2H5OH , C6H5OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH . C. C6H5OH,C2H5OH , HCOOH, CH3COOH. D. C6H5OH,C2H5OH, CH3COOH , HCOOH. Cu 16: Hy sp xp cc cht sau y theo trt t tng dn nhit si :



CH3COOH , CH3COOCH3 , HCOOCH3 , C2H5COOH , C3H7OH . Trng hp no sau y ng ? A. HCOOCH3 < CH3COOCH3 < C3H7OH < CH3COOH < C2H5COOH B. CH3COOCH3 (2) > (3) > (4) B. (4) > (3) > (2) > (1 ) C. (4) > (1) > (3) > (2) D. (1) > (2) > (3) > (4)

Cu 25: . Sp xp cc cht sau y theo trnh t tng dn nhit si :

CH3COOH (1) , HCOOCH3 (2) , CH3CH2COOH (3) , CH3COOCH3 (4) , CH3CH2CH2OH (5)

A. (3) > (5) > (1) > (2) > (4) B. (1) > (3) > (4) > (5) > (2)

C. (3) > (1) > (4) > (5) > (2) D. (3) > (1) > (5) > (4) > (2)

Cu 26: .Cho 4 cht : X (C2H5OH) ; Y (CH3CHO) ; Z (HCOOH) ; G (CH3COOH).

Nhit si sp theo th t tng dn nh sau:

A. Y < Z < X < G B. Z < X < G < Y C. X < Y < Z < G D. Y < X < Z < G

Cu 27: . Dy cht no sau y c sp xp theo chiu nhit si ca cc cht tng dn?

A. CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, CH3CH2CH2OH B. CH3COOH, CH3CH2CH2OH CH3COOC2H5,

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH



C. CH3CH2CH2OH , CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5 D. CH3COOC2H5 ,CH3CH2CH2OH , CH3COOH

Cu 28: .Cho 4 cht: X(andehit fomic), Y (axit axetic), Z (ru metylic), T (axit fomic). Nhit si c sp theo th t tng dn nh sau:

A. Y < Z < X < T B. X < Z < T < Y C. Z < X < Y < T D. X < Z < Y < T Cu 29:. Cho cc cht : CH3CHO, CH3COOH, HCOOCH3, CH3CH2OH. Cht c nhit si cao nht l :

A. CH3CHO B. CH3COOH C.HCOOCH3 D. CH3CH2OH

Cu 30: Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn nhit si ca cc hp cht c cng s nguyn t cacbon A. Ankan, axit, anehit, ancol. B. Anehit, ankan, ancol, axit.

C. Ankan, anehit, axit, ancol. D. Ankan, anehit, ancol, axit.

Cu 31:. Trong dung dch, axit cacboxylic c lin kt hiro v c th :

A. dng polime. B. dng ime. C. to lin kt hiro vi nc. D. C A, B, C.

Cu 32: Lin kt H no sau y biu din sai ?

A. 2 5

2 5 2 5

... O H ... O C H| |

C H C H

B.

2 5 2 5

... O H ... O H| |

C H C H

2 2

C. HO ... H O| |

CH CH

D. H - C - OH .... H - C - OH || ||O O

Cu 33: Cht no sau y c nhit si cao nht ?

A. CH3 - CH2 - OH B. CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - OH C. CH3 - CH2 - Cl D. CH3 - COOH

Cu 35: Sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si cc cht : p-nirophenol (1), phenol (2), p- crezol(3).

A. (1) < (2) < (3) B. (2) < (1) < (3) C. (3) < (2) < (1) D. (3) < (1) < (2).

Cu 36: Cho cc cht : p-NO2C6H4 COOH (1), m-NO2C6H4 COOH (2), o-NO2C6H4 COOH (3)

Tnh axit tng dn theo dy no trong s cc dy sau y ?

A. (2) < (1) < (3) B. (1) < (3) < (2) C. (3) < (1) < (2) D. (2) < (3) < (1)

Cu 37: Cht no sau y c nhit si cao nht ?

A. Propanol-1 B. Anehit propionic C. Axeton D. Axitpropionic.

Cu 38: Tm pht biu sai trong cc pht biu sau ?

A. Etylamin d tan trong H2O do c to lin kt H vi nc

B. Nhit si ca ru cao hn so vi hirocacbon c phn t khi tng ng do c lin kt H gia cc phn t ru.

C. Phenol tan trong H2O v c to lin kt H vi nc.

D. Metylamin l cht lng c mi khai, tng t nh amoniac.

Cu 39: Cho cc cht sau : Ru etylic (1), etylamim (2), metylamim (3), axit axetic (4).

Sp sp theo chiu c nhit si tng dn :

A. (2) < (3) < (4) < (1) C. (2) < (3) < (4) < (1) B. (3) < (2) < (1) < (4) D. (1) < (3) < (2) < (4)

Cu 40: Nhit si ca C4H10 (1), C2H5NH2 (2), C2H5OH (3) tng dn theo th t:

A. (1) < (2) < (3) B. (1) < (3) < (2) C. (2) < ( 3) < (1) D. ( 2) < ( 1) < (3) Trong cc cht sau, cht no tan trong nc nhiu nht ? A. C6H6 B. C2H5Br C. C2H5OH D. C6H5-CH3 Cu 41: Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t tng dn nhit si: axit axetic (1), ru n-propylic (2), ru isopropylic (3), metyl etyl ete (4): A. (1) < (2) < (3 ) < (4) B. (4) < (3) < (2) < (1)

C. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) D. (2) < (3) < (4) < (1)



Cu 42: So snh tnh axit ca cc cht sau y:

Cl-CH2COOH (1) , CH3COOH (2) , HCOOH (3) , CHCl2-COOH (4)

A. (4) > (2) > (1) > (3) B. (3) > (4) > (1) > (2)

C. (4) > (1) > (3) > (2) D. (4) > (3) > (1) > (2)

Cu 43: Sp xp cc hp cht: CH3COOH, C2H5OH v C6H5OH theo th t tng axit. Trng hp no sau y ng

A. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < C6H5OH B. C6H5OH < CH3COOH < C2H5OH

C. CH3COOH < C6H5OH < C2H5OH D. C2H5OH < C6H5OH < CH3COOH

Cu 44: Sp xp cc hp cht: CH3COOH, C2H5OH v C6H5OH theo th t tnh axit tng dn. Trng hp no sau y ng?

A. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < C6H5OH B. C6H5OH < CH3COOH < C2H5OH C. CH3COOH < C6H5OH < C2H5OH D. C2H5OH < C6H5OH < CH3COOH

Cu 45: Hp cht no sau y c tnh axit mnh nht ?

A. CCl3-COOH B. CH3COOH C. CBr3COOH D. CF3COOH

Cu 46: .Cho 4 axit: CH3COOH, H2CO3, C6H5OH, H2SO4. mnh ca cc axit c sp theo th t tng dn

A. CH3COOH < H2CO3 < C6H5OH < H2SO4 B. H2CO3 < C6H5OH < CH3COOH < H2SO4

C. H2CO3 < CH3COOH < C6H5OH < H2SO4 D. C6H5OH < H2CO3 < CH3COOH < H2SO4

Cu 47: . mnh baz xp theo th t tng dn ng trong dy no:

A. CH3-NH2 , NH3 , C2H5NH2 , C6H5NH2 B. NH3 ,CH3-NH2 , C2H5NH2 , C6H5NH2

C. NH3 ,C6H5NH2 , CH3-NH2 , C2H5NH2 , D. C6H5NH2 , NH3 , CH3-NH2 , C2H5NH2 ,

Cu 48: . Cho cc cht: (C6H5)2NH , NH3 , (CH3)2NH ;C6H5NH2 . Trt t tng dn tnh baz (theo chiu t tri qua phi) ca 5 cht trn l

A. (C6H5)2NH , C6H5NH2 ; NH3 , (CH3)2NH ; B. (CH3)2NH ; (C6H5)2NH , NH3 , ;C6H5NH2

C. C6H5NH2 ; (C6H5)2NH , NH3 , (CH3)2NH D. NH3 ; (C6H5)2NH , C6H5NH2 , (CH3)2NH

Cu 49: Cho cc cht sau: C6H5NH2 (1) , C2H5NH2 (2); (C2H5)2NH (3) ; NaOH (4) ; NH3 (5)

Trt t tng dn tnh baz (t tri qua phi) ca 5 cht trn l :

A. (1), (5), (2), (3), (4) B. (1), (2), (5), (3), (4)

C. (1), (5), (3), (2), (4) D. (2), (1), (3), (5), (4)

Cu 50: Hy sp xp cc cht sau y theo trnh t tnh baz tng dn t tri sang phi: amoniac, anilin, p-nitroanilin, metylamin, imetylamin.

A. O2NC6H4NH2 < C6H5NH2 < NH3 < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH

B. C6H5NH2 < O2NC6H4NH2 < NH3 < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH

C. O2NC6H4NH2 < C6H5NH2 < CH3NH2 < NH3 < (CH3)2NH

D. O2NC6H4NH2 < NH3 < C6H5NH2 < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH

Cu 51: . Sp xp cc amin : anilin (1), metyl amin(2), imetyl amin(3) v trimetyl amin (4) theo chiu tng dn tnh baz

A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) B. (4) < (1) < (3) < (2) C. (1) < (2) < (4) < (3) D. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) Cu 52: Anilin t tan trong :

A. Ru. B.Nc. C. Ete. D. Benzen.

Cu 53:. Dy no sp xp cc cht theo chiu tnh baz gim dn ?

A. NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2, (CH3)2NH B. CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, NH3, C6H5NH2

C. C6H5NH2, NH3, CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH D. (CH3)2NH, CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5NH2

Cu 54: Dy no sp xp cc cht theo chiu tnh baz gim dn ?

A. H2O, NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2 B. C6H5NH2, NH3, C6H5NH2, H2O



C. CH3NH2, CH3NH2, NH3, H2O D. NH3, H2O, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2

Cu 55:. Dy sp xp ng theo tnh axit ca cc cht gim dn :

A.CH3COOH, HCOOH, CH3OH, C6H5OH. B.HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH3OH, C6H5OH.

C.HCOOH, CH3COOH,C6H5OH., CH3OH. D. CH3COOH, C6H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3OH.

Cu 56: Phenol(1), p-nitrophenol(2), p-crezol(3), p-aminophenol(4) Tnh axit tng dn theo dy :

A. (3) < (4) < (1) < (2) C. (4) < (3) < (1) < (2)

B. (4) < (1) < (3) < (2) D. (4) < (1) < (2) < (3).

Cu 57: linh ng ca nguyn t H trong nhm OH ca cc cht C2H5OH, C6H5OH, HCOOH v CH3COOH tng dn theo trt t no ?

A. C2H5OH < C6H5OH < HCOOH < CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH < HCOOH < C6H5OH < C2H5OH.

C. C2H5OH < C6H5OH < CH3COOH < HCOOH. D. C6H5OH < C2H5OH < CH3COOH < HCOOH.

Cu 58: Dy cht sau y sp xp ng theo chiu tng dn nhit si ?

A. HCOOH < CH3 - CH2 - OH < CH3 - CH2 - Cl. B. C2H5Cl < C4H9Cl < CH3 -CH2 - OH < CH3 - COOH

C. CH3 - COOH < C4H9Cl < CH3CH2OH D. CH3CH2OH < C4H9Cl < HCOOH

Cu 59; Chn dy sp xp ng theo th t tng dn tnh axit cc cht sau :

CH3COOH (1), CH2ClCOOH (2), CH3OCH2COOH (3), CH2FCOOH (4).

A. (2) < (1) < (4) < (3) C. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4)

B. (2) < (1) < (3) < (4) D. (1) < (3) < (2) < (4)

Cu 60: Sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh axit : H3CH2COOH (1), CH2=CHCOOH (2), CHCCOOH(3).

A. (1) < (2) < (3) B (1) < (3) < (2) C. (2) < (3) < (1) D. (3) < (1) < (2)

Cu 61: Sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh axit ca cc cht sau :

CH2Cl - COOH (1), CHCl2COOH (2), CCl3COOH (3)

A. (3) < (2) < (1) C. (1) < (2) < (3) B. (2) < (1) < (3) D. (3) < (1) < (2)

Cu 62; Sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh axit ca cc cht sau :

Axit p-metylbenzoic (1), axit p-aminobenzoic (2), axit p-nitrobenzoic(3), axit benzoic(4).

A. (4) < (1) < (3) < (2) C. (1) < (4) < (2) < (3)

B. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) D. (2) < (1) < (4) < (3)

Cu 63: Sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh axit ca cc cht sau :

Axit o-nitrobenzoic (1), axit p-nitrobenzoic (2), axit m-nitrobezoic (3).

A. (1) < (2) < (3) C. (3) < (2) < (1) B. (2) < (1) < (3) D. (2) < (3) < (1)

Cu 64; Trong s cc cht sau : C2H6; C2H5Cl; C2H5NH2; CH3COOC2H5; CH3COOH; CH3CHO; CH3OCH3 cht no to c lin kt H lin phn t ?

A. C2H6 B. CH3COOCH3 C. CH3CHO ; C2H5Cl D. CH3COOH ; C2H5NH2

Cu 65: Metylamin d tan trong H2O do nguyn nhn no sau y ?

A. Do nguyn t N cn cp electron t do d nhn H+ ca H2O. B. Do metylamin c lin kt H lin phn t.

C. Do phn t metylamin phn cc mnh. D. Do phn t metylamin to c lin kt H vi H2O.

Cu 66: Nguyn nhn gy nn tnh baz ca amin l :

A. Do amin tan nhiu trong H2O. B. Do phn t amin b phn cc mnh.

C. Do nguyn t N c m in ln nn cp e chung ca nguyn t N v H b ht v pha N.

D. Do nguyn t N cn cp eletron t do nn phn t amin c th nhn proton.

Cu 67: Dy sp xp ng theo th t gim dn tnh baz l dy no ?

(1) C6H5NH2 (2) C2H5NH2



(3) (C6H5)2NH (4) (C2H5)2NH

(5) NaOH (6) NH3

A. (1) > (3) > (5) > (4) > (2) > (6) B. (5) > (6) > (2) > (1) > (2) > (4)

C. (5) > (4) > (3) > (5) > (1) > (2) D. (5) > (4) > (2) > (6) > (1) > (3)

Cu 68: Cho qu tm vo mi dung dch hn hp di y, dung dch no lm qu tm ha ?

(1) H2N - CH2 COOH (2) Cl - NH3+ - CH2 - COOH

(3) NH2 - CH2 COONa (4) 2 2 2

2

H N CH CH CH COOH|

NH

(5) 2 2

2

HOOC CH CH CH COOH|

NH

A. (2), (4) B. (3), (1) C. (1), (5) D. (2), (5).

Cu 69; Cho dung dch cha cc cht sau :

X1 : C6H5 - NH2 X2 : CH3 - NH2

X3 : NH2 - CH2 - COOH

X4 : 2 2

2

HOOC CH CH CH COOH|

NH

X5 : 2 2 2 2

2

H N CH CH CH CH COOH|

NH

Dung dch no lm qu tm ha xanh ?

A. X1, X2, X5 B. X2, X3, X4 C. X2, X5 D. X1, X3, X5

Cu 70: Amin no sau y c tnh baz ln nht :

A. CH3CH=CH-NH2 C. CH3CH2CH2NH2

B. CH3CC-NH2 D. CH3CH2NH2

Cu 71: Cho cc cht sau : CH3CH2NHCH3(1), CH3CH2CH2NH2(2), (CH3)3N (3). Tnh baz tng dn theo dy :

A. (1) < (2) < (3) B. (2) < (3) < (1) B. (3) < (2) < (1) D. (3) < (1) < (2)

Cu 72: Cho cc cht sau : p-CH3C6H5NH2(1), m-CH3C6H5NH2 (2), C6H5NHCH3 (3), C6H5NH2 (4).

Tnh baz tng dn theo dy :

A. (1) < (2) < (4) < (3) C. (4) < (2) < (1) < (3)

B. (4) < (3) < (2) < (1) D. (4) < (3) < (1) < (2)

Cu 73; Cho cc cht sau : p-NO2C6H4NH2 (1), p-ClC6H5NH2 (2), p-CH3C6H5NH2 (3).

Tnh baz tng dn theo dy :

A. (1) < (2) < (3) B. (2) < (1) < (3) C. (1) < (3) < (2) D. (3) < (2) < (1)

Cu 74; Cht no sau y c tnh baz mnh nht ?

A. NH3 B. C6H5NH2 C. CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2 D. CH3-CH(CH3)-NH2

Cu 75; L do no sau gii thch tnh baz ca monoetylamin mnh hn amoniac :

A. Nguyn t N cn i electron cha to lin kt B. nh hng y electron ca nhm -C2H5

C. Nguyn t N c m in ln D. Nguyn t nit trng thi lai ho

Cu 76: Cho qu tm vo dung dch mi hp cht di y, dung dch no s lm qu tm ho :

(1) H2N - CH2 - COOH (4) H2N(CH2)2CH(NH2)-COOH

(2) Cl.NH3+ - CH2COOH (5) HOOC(CH2)2CH(NH2) - COOH

(3) H2N - CH2 - COONa



A. (2), (5) B. (1), (4) C. (1), (5) D. (2) Cu 77: Anilin c cng thc cu to C6H5NH2 . Hy gii thch v sao anilin tc dng d dng vi nc brom. A. V nhm NH2 ht electron, lm cho mt electron trong vng benzen gim. B. V nhm NH2 y electron, lm cho mt in tch m trong vng benzen tng ln. C. Nguyn t nit trong nhm NH2 cn electron t do nn cc electron ny y proton trong vng benzen. D. A, C u ng. Cu 78: Tnh axit ca cc hiro halogenua c sp xp theo cc trt t mnh dn. Hy chn mt sp xp ng nht trong s cc sp xp sau : A. HCl < HBr < HF < HI B. HI < HBr < HF < HCl C. HF < HCl < HBr < HI D. HBr < HI < HCl < HF Cu 79. Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng lm i mu dung dch qu tm l A. CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, HCOOH B. C6H5NH2, C2H5NH2, HCOOH C. CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, H2N-CH2-COOH D. CH3NH2, C6H5OH, HCOOH

Cu 80. Cho cc cht sau C2H5OH(1), CH3COOH(2), CH2=CH-COOH(3), C6H5OH(4), p-CH3-C6H4OH(5), C6H5-CH2OH(6). Sp xp theo chiu tng dn linh ng ca nguyn t H trong nhm -OH ca cc cht trn l : A. (1), (5), (6), (4), (2), (3) B. (1), (6), (5), (4), (2), (3) C. (1), (6), (5), (4), (3), (2) D. (3), (6), (5), (4), (2), (1) Cu 81. Cho cc cht sau: 1) axit 2-hiroxipropan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic (c trong qu chanh) 2) axit 2-hiroxipropanoic (c trong sa chua). 3) axit 2-hiroxibutanioic (c trong qu to). 4) axit 3-hiroxibutanoic (c trong nc tiu ca ngi bnh tiu ng). 5) axit 2,3-ihiroxibutanioic (c trong ru vang). Th t sp xp cc axit trn theo chiu tnh axit mnh dn t tri sang phi l A. 2,4,5,3,1. B. 4,2,3,5,1. C. 4,3,2,1,5. D. 2,3,4,5,1. Cu 82: Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t tng dn nhit si: axit axetic (1), ru n-propylic (2), metyl fomiat (3):

A. (1) < (2) < (3 ) B. (1) < (3) < (2) C. (3) < (2) < (1) D. (2) < (3) < (1) Cu 83: Cho cc cht metanol (X), nc (Y), etanol (Z), axit axetic (T), phenol (U). linh ng ca nguyn t H trong nhm (-OH) ca phn t mi cht tng dn theo th t sau:

A. X < Y < Z < T < U B. U < Y < X < Z < T C. Y < X < Z < T < U D. Z < X < Y < U < T

Cu 84: Sp xp cc hp cht: CH3COOH, C2H5OH, C6H5OH v H2O theo th t tng dn tnh axit: A. H2O < C2H5OH < CH3COOH < C6H5OH B. H2O < C6H5OH < CH3COOH < C2H5OH C. H2O < C2H5OH < C6H5OH < CH3COOH D. C2H5OH < H2O < C6H5OH < CH3COOH

Cu 85: Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t tng dn tnh axit: axit axetic (1), axit monoflo axetic (2), axit monoclo axetic (3), axit monobrom axetic (4):

A. (1) < (2) < (3 ) < (4) B. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) C. (4) < (3) < (2) < (1) D. (2) < (3) < (4) < (1)

Cu 86: Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t tng dn tnh axit: axit picric (1), phenol (2), p-nitrophenol (3), p-cresol (4):

A. (1) < (2) < (3 ) < (4) B. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) C. (4) < (3) < (2) < (1) D. (4) < (2) < (3) < (1)

Cu 87: So snh tnh axit ca cc cht sau y: CH3CH2COOH (1), CH2Cl-CH2COOH (2), CH3CHCl-COOH (3), CH3-CCl2-COOH (4)

A. (1) > (2) > (3 ) > (4) B. (1) > (4) > (3 ) > (2) C. (4) > (3) > (2) > (1) D. (2) > (4) > (3) > (1)

Cu 88: Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t tng dn tnh axit: CHC-COOH (1); CH2=CH-COOH (2), C6H5COOH (3) ; CH3CH2COOH (4)

A. (1) < (2) < (3 ) < (4) B. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) C. (4) < (2) < (3) < (1) D. (4) < (3) < (2) < (1)

Cu 89: So snh nhit si ca cc cht sau: ru etylic (1), etyl clorua (2), imetyl ete (3) v axit axetic (4): A. (1 ) > (2) > (3) > (4) B. (4) > (3) > (2) > (1)

C. (4) > (1) > (2) > (3) D. (4) > (1) > (3) > (2) Cu 90: Sp xp cc cht sau y theo trnh t gim dn nhit si: CH3COOH (1), HCOOCH3 (2), CH3CH2CH2OH (3), CH3CH(CH3)OH (4):

A. (1 ) > (2) > (3) > (4) B. (4) > (3) > (2) > (1) C. (4) > (1) > (3) > (2) D. (1) > (3) > (4) > (2)



Cu 91: Cho cc hp cht hu c sau: C6H5NH2 (1); C2H5NH2 (2); (C2H5)2NH (3); NaOH (4); NH3 (5). mnh ca cc baz c sp xp theo th t tng dn:

A. 1 < 5 < 2 < 3 < 4. B. 1 < 5 < 3 < 2 < 4.

C. 5 < 1 < 2 < 4 d > a C. a > b > d > c D. a> b > c > d

Cu 102: Hy sp xp cc axit di y theo tnh axit gim dn:

CH3COOH(1), C2H5COOH(2), CH3CH2CH2COOH(3), ClCH2COOH(4), FCH2COOH (5) A. 5> 1> 4> 3> 2 B. 5> 1> 3> 4> 2 C. 1> 5> 4> 2> 3 D. 5> 4> 1> 2> 3

Cu 103: Cho cc cht: amoniac (1); anilin (2); p-nitroanilin (3); p-metylanilin (4); metylamin (5); imetylamin (6). Th t tng dn lc baz ca cc cht l:

A. (3) < (2) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6) B. (2) < (3) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6) C. (2) > (3) > (4) > (1) > (5) > (6) D. (3) < (1) < (4) < (2) < (5) < (6)

Cu 104: Cho cc cht sau: HCOOH (1); CH3COOH (2); C6H5COOH (3); p-CH3C6H4COOH (4); p-NO2C6H4COOH (5). Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu gim dn tnh axit l A. 2, 1, 4, 3, 5. B. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. C. 4, 3, 5, 1, 2. D. 5, 3, 4, 1, 2.

Cu 105: Axit no trong s cc axit sau c tnh axit mnh nht: A. CH2F-CH2-COOH B. CH3-CCl2-COOH C. CH3CHF-COOH D. CH3-CF2-COOH

Cu 106: Cho cc cht sau : (1) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 (2) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 (3)CH3-CH (CH3) CH(CH3)-CH3



(4) CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3

Th t gim dn nhit nng chy ca cc cht l : A. 2>4>3>1 B. 1>2>3>4 C. 3>4>2>1 D. 4>2>3>1

Cu 107. So snh v nhit si ca cp cht no sau y khng ng? A. C2H5OH > C2H5NH2. B. CH3OH < C2H5NH2. C. CH3COOH > CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOH > C2H5OH. Cu 108. Cho cc axit c cng thc phn t: (1) H2CO2; (2) H2CO3; (3) H2C2O4; (4) H4C2O2. Tnh axit ca chng gim dn theo th t: A. (3) > (1) > (4) > (2). B. (3) > (4) > (1) > (2). C. (1) > (4) > (3) > (2). D. (1) > (2) > (4) > (3). Cu 109. Cho cc cht: CH2ClCOOH (a); CH3-COOH (b); C6H5OH (c); CO2 (d); H2SO4 (e). Tnh axit ca cc cht gim theo trt t: A. e > b > d > c > a B. e > a > b > d > c C. e > b > a > d > c D. e > a > b > c > d Cu 110: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi l

A. C4H10, C3H7NH2, C3H7F, C3H7OH, CH3CH2COOH B. C4H10, C3H7Cl, C3H7NH2, C3H7OH, CH3CH2COOH C. Benzen, toluen, phenol, CH3COOH D. (CH3)3N, CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2NH2, HCOOH

Cu 111: Trong cc cht: p-O2N-C6H4-OH, m-CH3-C6H4-OH, p-NH2-C6H4-CHO, m-CH3-C6H4-NH2. Cht c lc axit mnh nht v cht c lc baz mnh nht tng ng l

A. p-O2N-C6H4-OH v p-NH2-C6H4-CHO B. m-CH3-C6H4-OH v p-NH2-C6H4-CHO C. m-CH3-C6H4-OH v m-CH3-C6H4-NH2 D. p-O2N-C6H4-OH v m-CH3-C6H4-NH2

Cu 112: Cho cc cht ClCH2COOH (a); BrCH2COOH (b); ICH2COOH (c); FCH2COOH (d). Chiu tng dn tnh

axit ca cc cht trn l: A. (c) < (b) < (a) < (d) B. (a) < (b) < (d) < (c) C. (a) < (b) < (c) < (d) D. (b) < (a) < (c) < (d)

Cu 113: Cho cc cht : amoniac (1) ; anilin (2) ; p-nitroanilin (3) ; p-metylanilin (4) ; metylamin (5) ; imetylamin (6) . Hy chn s sp xp cc cht trn theo th t lc baz tng dn . A . (3) < (2) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6) B . (2) > (3) > (4) > (1) > (5) > (6) C . (2) < (3) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6) D . (3) < (1) < (4) (c) > (d). B. (b) > (c) > (d) > (a).

C. (a) > (c) > (b) > (d). D. (b) > (a) > (c) > (d).

KienTypewriterDEHOA.NET

Cu 22: Nhit si ca ru etylic (1), ru metylic (2), axeton (3) dimetyl ete (4) xp theo trt t gim dn l:A. (1) > (2) > (3) > (4) B. (1) > (2) > (4) > (3) C. (1) > (3) > (4) > (2) D. (4) > (3) > (2) > (1)

Cu 23: Ru etylic (1), etyl bromua (2) v etan (3), trt t v tan trong nc gim dn l:A. (1), (3), (2)B. (1), (2), (3) C. (3), (2), (1)D. (2), (1), (3)

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