40

Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83
Page 2: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

B

r[mcsKdif ar 18jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qdkif&m ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomtzGJUcsKyfESifhe,fpyf awmif

wef;a'oomoem Ek*¾[toif;BuD;(A[kd)jynfytajcpkduf omoemEk*¾[toif;cGJ½kH;(xdkif;EkdifiH)zGifhyGJukd 2014 ar 18 &uf nydkif;u r[mcsKdifa'owGif jyKvkyfcJhonf/

tqkdygzGifhyGJtcrf;tem;odkY EkdifiHawmfA[kdoHCm0efaqmiftzGJUOuú|rEÅav;NrdKU Aef;armfausmif;wkdufq&mawmftbd"Zr[m&|*k½k tbd"Zt*¾r[m o'r®aZmwdu a'gufwmb'EÅukrm&mbd0Ho? usKdufxD;aqmif;q&mawmft&Sifynm'Dy? &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;oHCem,utzGJUOuú|q&mawmfr[mo'´r®aZmwdu"Zb'´EÅ£'¨dAvwkdYrSw&m;csD;jr§ifhcJhMuNyD;omoem Ek*¾[toif;(A[kd)Ouú|a'gufwmOD;cifa&TrS omoema&;qkdif&mrsm; &Sif;vif;ajymMum;cJhonf/ xkdYaemuf rEÅav;odef;aZmf?eef;0if;?apmif;a':cifrmoDwkdYrS "r®ylZmaw;rsm;jzifh ylaZmfcJhMuaMumif;od&Sd&onf/

t,k'¨, ar 18t,k'¨, ar 18t,k'¨, ar 18t,k'¨, ar 18t,k'¨, ar 18xdkif;EkdifiH r[mcsLvmavmifuGef t,k'¨,Ak'¨wuúodkvfwGif 2014

ar 18 &ufaeYv,fydkif;u usif;yonfhbGJUxl;*kPfxl;ay;tyfyGJodk YEkdifiHawmfA[kdoHCm0effaqmiftzGJU Ouú| rEÅav;NrdKU Aef;armfausmif;wkdufq&mawmf tbd"Z r[m&|*k½k? tbd"Z t*¾r[mo'¨r®aZmwdua'gufwmb'´EÅ ukrm&mbd0Ho<ua&mufcsD;jr§ifhcJhaMumif;od&Sd&onf/

tqkd ygtcrf;tem;odkY &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD; oHCem,utzGJUOuú|q&mawmfr[mo'´r®aZmwdu"Zb'´EÅ£'¨dAvvnf; <ua&mufcsD;jr§ifhcJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/

Photo - MK Media

Page 3: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

3

twGJ? 4 ? trSwf ? 83 ? 26 .5 .2014 (wevFm)www.snapshot-news .com

awmf0if*g;'if;[kdw,f &efukef jynfvrf;ay:wGif zGifhvSpf

&efukef ar 18&efukef ar 18&efukef ar 18&efukef ar 18&efukef ar 18&efukef jynfvrf;ay:&Sd trSwf 45 awmf0ifpifwm '*kHNrdKUe,fwGif awmf0if*g;'if;[kdw,fukd 2014 ar

18&ufeHeufü zGifhyGJusif;ycJhonf/ zGifhyGJtcrf;tem;ukd &efukefNrdKUawmf0efOD;vSjrifh? &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfOuúXOD;pdefwif0if;ESifh awmf0if*g;'if;[kdw,f rS MD rsm;jzpfMuaom a':0wf&nfaxG;? a':od*ÐaxG;wdkYrSzJBudK;jzwfzGifhvSpfcJhNyD; awmf0if*g;'if;[kdw,f qkdif;bkwfukd &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD; 0efBuD;csKyfOD;jrifhaqG? [kdw,fESifhc&D;oGm;vma&;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;a|;atmifwkdYrS pufcvkwfESdyfí zGifhvSpfay;cJhMuonf/ xkdYaemuftcrf;tem;tpDtpOf'kwd,ydkif;ukd Level 8 wGifusif;y&m awmf0ifrdom;pkukrÜPDOuú|OD;ukdukdaxG;a&;pyfaom[dkw,f Theme Song tm; tqkdawmf eDeDcifaZmfrS oDqkdajzazsmfcJhum [kdw,fESifh c&D;oGm;vma&;0efBuD;Xmejynfaxmifpk0efBuD;OD;a|;atmifESifh &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;csKyf OD;jrifhaqGwdkYrS trSmpum;ajymMum;cJhMuonf/

xkdYaemuf awmf0ifrdom;pkukrÜPDOuú| OD;ukdukdaxG;rS [kdw,fESifh ywfoufonfrsm;ukd &Sif;vif;ajymMum;cJhNyD;pnfolAkdvfuav;wifhatmif a&;pyfaom awmf0if*g;'if;[kdw,f*kPfjyK&wkukd OD;ausmfaqGrS vnf;aumif;?pnfolAkdvfuav;wifhatmif*kPfjyKa&;pyfcsD;jr§ifhaom awmf0if*g;'if;[kdw,f*kPfjyKaw;xyfukd tqkdawmfa':&D&D0if;rSvnf;aumif; oDqkd*kPfjyKazsmfajzcJhaMumif;od&Sd&onf/ YOH

rZÑdr tpdrf;

uAsmoHawG Mum;ae&w,facwfBuD;ajymif;awmhr,f/

aeYrD; nrD;b0ukdtxufrD;atmufrD;ay;vdkufawmhuAsmawGu taeawmfusufoGm;&JU/

acwfBuD;ajymif;awmhr,fuAsmoHawG jyefMum;ae&w,f/ /

armifrI dif;vGif(tif;0)armifrI dif;vGif(tif;0)armifrI dif;vGif(tif;0)armifrI dif;vGif(tif;0)armifrI dif;vGif(tif;0)

"mwfykH-aZmfrif;Ekdif('DyJ,if;)"mwfykH-aZmfrif;Ekdif('DyJ,if;)"mwfykH-aZmfrif;Ekdif('DyJ,if;)"mwfykH-aZmfrif;Ekdif('DyJ,if;)"mwfykH-aZmfrif;Ekdif('DyJ,if;)

Page 4: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

2

yef;csDarmifausmfnGefY (yef;csDarmifausmfnGefYeJhtzGJY)odyfNyD;awmh 'DacwfawGvdk v,fb,f raygif;bl;/ xrif;pm;wmu

tp olu pm;yGJeJY ukvm;xdkifeJY oyfoyfpm;w,f? igwdkYu atmufrSmxrif;0dkif;eJYpm;&w,f/ &wJhydkufqH olUtukefay;w,f/ igu vufcyJ,lw,f/ tJ'DvdkvkyfcJ hwm/ ]prf;a&yrm rdarwåm} &,f? aemufudkndK0if;u ]ysHomysHyg xuftmum}&,f udkndK0if;u ,lvmay;wm/avxD;½kyf&Sifu a':oef;oef;at;udk ac:vmNyD;awmh tJ'gu uRefawmfholi,fcsif;yg uRefawmfpdwfcs&w,f/'DvkdajymNyD; a':oef;oef;at;ukdtvkyftyfckdif;wm/ 'Dawmh igemrnfysufatmif rvkyfbl;/ igemrnf&&ifoleJYaygif;r,fqdkwm ol,HkMunfNyD; ighudk tvkyfvufcHay;wm/ tJ'Dum;wpfum;aygh ]ysHomysHyg xuftmum}/ tJ'Dum;udk olUoGm;tyfawmholu aps;BuD;w,f/ aps;BuD;awmh [dku udkndK0if;udk aps;qpfw,f/rqpfeJY uRefawmf tJ'Daps;eJYra&;Ekdifbl;/ tckvdk uRefawmfh oli,fcsif;&Sdw,fqdkNyD; ac:vmawmh igu tvkyfvufcHay;wmaygh/ tmp&dqDrSmigu vufcHNyD;a&;&wm/ udkndK0if; ightay:rSm awmfawmfaumif;cJhygw,f/ igoHk;aewJhvufrsKd;awmh r[kwfbl;ayghuGm/ tmp&deJYa&;awmhvnf; tmp&dqDoifwJhvufayghuGm/ udkndK0if;uvnf; ig wpfpifaxmifvdk Y&S d&if oleJ Yaygif;vdrf hr,fvdk Y arQmfud k;NyD;vkyfwmaygh/ tmp&deJ YoHk;vavmufa&;NyD;awmh tmp&deJYvnf; tqifracsmbl;/ tmp&dueDwGwfwdk Y? ukvm;aZmf0if;wdk Yud k a&;cray;bl;/ a&;cray;awmh]prf;a&yrm rdarwåm} um; xdyfwef;½kyf&Sifu um;udk igvufcHvmawmh'DaumifawGu qE´jyaew,f/ uRefawmfwdkY rvkyfawmhbl; xGufawmhr,fwJh/ eDwGwfa&m?aZmf0if;a&mu xGufawmhr,fwJh/ igu [m igtvkyfvufcHvmawmhrS rif;wdkYu xGufawmhr,fqdkawmh t"dyÜm,fr&Sdbl;/wu,fvdkY igu ydkufqH&vdkY rif;wdkYudk cGJay;&ifa&mqdkNyD; pnf;½Hk;&wmaygh/igu tvkyfvufcHvmNyD;NyDudk;/ a&;cydkufqH&&if q&morm;udk rtyfcifrif;wdkYudk cGJay;r,fvdkY/ tJ'Duwdudk igay;vdkufw,f/

tJ'geJY tJ'Dum;udk igwdkYa&;Muwmaygh/ukrÜPDu ydkufqHxkwfvmawmh igu [dkaumifawGukdydkufqHcGJay;

wmaygh/ q&morm;u ighudk aygufwmaygh/ rif; ighudk ausmwmaygh/igvkyf&r,fhtvkyfudk rif;u vkyfw,fqdkNyD; ighudk jyóemvkyfw,f/tJ'geJY igeJY uGJoGm;w,f/ q&morm;u rif;bmjzpfvdkY vkyfwmvJqdkNyD;ajymw,f igu [mr[kwfbl; 'DaumifawGu xGufr,fajymvdkY/ uRefawmfu vufcHNyD;aeNyD/ yxrum;wkef;uvnf; tmp&du r&Sif;ay;bl;/r&Sif;ay;awmh olwdkYu tmp&deJYrvkyfEdkifawmhbl;ajymaew,f/ [kwfvm;wJh ac:prf;wJh/ aZmf0if;uvnf; ay:wifyJ? eDwGwfuvnf; ay:wifyJ?

wdk;Munfuvnf; ay:wifyJ/ tJawmh ol bmrSrajymbl;/ awmifñGefYrSmig ajruGuf&awmh tvkyf½Hkaxmifw,f/ ighpdwfxJrSm q&m[m q&myJ'DaeYxd jypfrSm;cJhwmr&Sdbl;/ igvkyfwmu 'Dvkyfief;rysufzdkY ukrÜPDydkufqHudkvTJay;wmyJ&Sdw,f/ aemuf igvkyfwJh tvkyfudk igu cGJay;wm? olUydkufqHr[kwfbl;/ ydkwJhydkufqHawG olUudk tukefjyefay;vdkufw,f/ igha&;c&,f? [dkaumifawGa&;c&,f cGJNyD; ydkwJhydkufqHawG tukefjyefay;vdkufwm/

aemuf armifarmifvSjrifheJYu 'DvdkuG/ olu tJ'D ta&SUeJYtaemufum;udk ,lvmwm/ okckr½kyf&Sifu olU ta':t&if; a':eef;ydkifwJh

ukrÜPDuG/ olu ydkpwm½l;aewm/ ½l;awmh igwdkY pHjyrSm ydkpwma&;wkef;uvnf; ydkpwm,lvmNyD;awmh olvnf;0ifa&;w,f/ aemuf igh[migvkyfwJhtcgusawmhvnf; ta&SUeJYtaemufqdkwJhum;udk ig eifeJYtwlwla&;rSmwJh ajymw,f/ ighta':[mwJh/ olvnf;a&;w,f/ armifarmifvSjrifhu yef;csDq&myJ/ 'g pHjyrSm wdkYtwlwlvkyfcJhwkef;u/ ta&SUeJYtaemufusawmh armifarmifuvnf;igeJYyJvmvma&;w,f/armifarmifvSjrifhuvnf; ydkpwma&;&wmaysmfaeNyDqdkawmhrjyefawmhbJ igeJY twlwla&;w,f/ iguvnf; ydkufqHcGJcGJay;w,f/ 'gayr,fhol r,lygbl;/aeYa&mna&mvkyf&wmudk; yifyef;w,f/ olajymwJhapwempum;av;uig 'DaeYxd&ifxJrSm&Sdw,f/bmvJqdkawmh ]]eifu wpfoufvHk;pdwful;,Ofxm;wJh vdkif;wJh eif tckrS toD;tyGifhav;pm;&wmwJh igu igh[meJYig'DZdkif;eJY igh0ifaiGeJYig&Sdygw,fwJh? igwpfjym;rS r,lygbl;wJh/ ig ulnD½HkoufoufygwJh}}/ tJ'Dvdkpdwfudk b,folxm;EkdifrSmwkef;/ ig'DaeYxd armifarmifvSjrifhudkcspfwmtJ'gyJ/pdwf&if;rSefvdkY/

q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif; *lAdrmefxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf a&;tzGJUeJYq&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif; Nidrf;csrf;a&;uGef&ufu pDpOfaqmif&GufwJh]]r[mrdIif;tvGefESpfig;q,f}}yef;csDjyyGJudk trSwf(62)yxrxyf?yef;qdk;wef;vrf;(atmufbavmuf)?ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f?&efukefNrdKUrSm&SdwJhavmuewfyef;csDjycef;rSm (28?7?2014)&ufuae (2?8?2014)&uftxdusif;yjyKvkyfrSmjzpfygw,f/

'DjyyGJrSm yg0ifjyoMur,fh yef;csDq&mrsm;taeeJY jyyGJuwf wavmuftwGif; xnfhoGif;azmfjy&eftwGuf yef;csDum;"mwfyHkeJYtwl yef;csDum;trnf?t&G,ftpm;?rD'D,H?wefzdk; pwJh tcsuftvufrsm;udk (18?7?2014)&uf? aomMumaeY aemufqHk;xm;NyD; xGef;0if;Nidrf;(09-5137402)eJYyefcsDrarT;(09-5004117)wdkYqDudk qufoG,fay;ydkY&rSmjzpfygw,f/

yef;csDum;rsm;udkawmh yef;csDum;rsm;csdwfqGJrnfh&uf (27?7? 2014)&uf eHeuf(10)em&DaemufqHk;xm;NyD; avmuewfyef;csDjycef;udk ay;ydkY&rSmjzpfygw,f/ a&;qGJjyoMu&r,fh taMumif;t&muawmh q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;&JU yHkwlyef;csDum;rsm;eJY q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;aqmif&GufcJhwJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;vIyf &Sm;rIyHk&dyfrsm;yg0ifwJh yef;csDtEkynmzefwD;rIrsm;udkom ay;ydkYMuzdkY jyyGJpDpOfolrsm;u arwåm&yfcHxm;ygw,f/'DjyyGJrSm jyowJh yef;csDum;rsm;eJY tEkynmzefwD;rIrsm;udk ydkYpu'f?ydkpwm?jyu©'def ponfwdkYtjzpf ½dkufESdyfa&mif;csNyD; &efyHkaiG&SmrSmjzpfovdk a&mif;cs&aiG&JU 30 &mcdkifEIef;udkvnf; q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif; *lAdrmefxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJUeJY q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif; Nidrf;csrf;a&;uGef&uftwGuf &efyHkaiGtjzpfxnfh0ifvSL'gef; aumufcHoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/

'DjyyGJrSm q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif; rdom;pkydkif q&mBuD;&JU yHkwlyef;csDum;rsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;jyorSmjzpfovdk yk*¾vdupkaqmif;xm;Muolrsm;&JU q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif; yHkwlyef;csD eJY orkdif;0ifrSwfwrf;"mwfyHkrsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;jyoMuzdkY jyyGJpDpOf olrsm;u wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfxm;ygw,f/

tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udk od&Sdvdkygu jyyGJpDpOfolxGef;0if;Nidrf;(09-5137402)eJY yef;csD rarT; (09-5004117) wdkYqDudk qufoG,far;jref;pHkprf;Edkifw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ HTA

q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;uGef&uf(&efukef)rSSSpDpOfaqmif&GufonfU ]r[mrdIif;tvGefESpfig;q,f}

yef;csDjyyGJ usif;yjyKvkyfrnf

(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)

Page 5: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

3

&ifawmh uRefrwdkYwdk;wufEdkifrSmr[kwfygbl;/ (vufckyfMobmoHrsm;)tJawmh 'DzG J Ypnf;tajccHOya'udkbmjzpfvd k Y 'Davmufawmif

zufwG,faeMuwmvJvdkY ar;cGef;xkwfcsifw,f/(vufckyfMobmoHrsm;)trsm;vnf;odMuygw,f/ uRefrwdkY yGifhyGifhvif;vif;aqG;aEG;csifw,f/'DzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk'Dtwdkif;a&;qGJxm;wmymm,HkMunfrIr&SdvdkY vdkYuRefrajymcsifw,f/ ,HkMunfrIr&SdvdkYqdkwmbmudkajymwmvJ/ jynfoleJYwyfrawmfMum;xJrSm,HkMunfrIr&Sdbl;/ wyfrawmfuvnf; jynfoludkr,Hkbl;/ jynfoluvnf;wyfrawmfudkr,Hkbl;/ aemufjyD;awmhvnf;tjcm;yk*¾dKvfrsm;[mrdrdwdkY&Jhtem*wftwGuf,HkMunfrIr&SdMubl;/ (vufckyfMobmoHrsm;)

'Dvdk,HkMunfrIr&SdwJhtwGuf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'udktum tuG,fwpfcktaeeJ Yxm;w,fvd k Yusrjrifygw,f/ (vufckyf MobmoHrsm;)uRefru ajymcsifwm'Dvdkxm;p&mrvdkbl;/ pdk;&drfaMumifhMurIawGr&SdygeJYowÅd&Sd&SdeJY uRefrwdkYtwlusrwdkYa&SYudkqufjyD;oGm;MupdkY/twlqdkwm twlyg/uRefrwdkYcGJjcm;jyD;awmhajymwmrymkwfygbl;/ (vufckyfMobmoHrsm;)wyfrawmfeJY jynfolMum;rSm uRefrwdkYcGJjcm;csifpdwfvHk;0r&Sdygbl;/

usrpdwftaESmif h t,Sufjzpfw,f/usrpdwftaESmif h t,Sufjzpfw,f/usrpdwftaESmif h t,Sufjzpfw,f/usrpdwftaESmif h t,Sufjzpfw,f/usrpdwftaESmif h t,Sufjzpfw,f/tckzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'[mqdkvdkY&Sd&if uRefrwdkYomreft&yfom;awG

eJY wyfrawmfMum;rSmcGJjcm;xm;wJh wef;wlnDrQrIr&SdwJhzGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'jzpfygw,f/ (vufckyfMobmoHrsm;) 'DvdkcGJjcm;xm;wm[mb,foludkrS tusdK;rjyKygbl;? EdkifiHvnf;tusdK;rjyKygbl;? wyfrawmfudkvnf;tusdK;rjyKygbl;/ 'DzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifa&;qdkwm[muRefrwdkYtzGJYtaeeJY wpfpdkufrwfrwfqkyfudkifxm;wJh rlvnf;jzpfygw,f/

(2008)ckESpfzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'twnfjyKuwnf;uuRefrwdkY twnfrjyKcifuwnf;u'DzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'vkyfyHkvkyfenf;awGudkuRefrwdkYuefYuGufcJhw,f/ w&m;0ifuuRefrwdkYuefYuGufcJhw,f/tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;uqdk&ifzGJ Ypnf;yHktajccHOya'eJYywfoufvdkY uefYuGufwJholrsm;twGuf

trsm;BuD;tEÅ&m,f&Sdw,fvdkY tm;vHk;u,HkMunfaewJhtcsdefrSm awmifuRefrwdkY wpfpdkufrwfrwfuefYuGufcJhw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmhEdkifiH&Jhtem*wftwGuf'DzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'eJYqdk&ifuRefrwdkYEdkifiH&Jhtem*wf[maumif;EdkifrSmr[kwfbl;qdkwmuRefrwdkYodxm;vdkY tapmMuD;uwnf;utpOf wpfpdkufuefYuGufcJhwmjzpfygw,f/

(2008)rSm'DzGJ Ypnf;yHktajccHOya'udktwnfjyKcJhwJhvlxkqE´cH,lyGJudkvnf;uRefrwdkYuefYuGufcJhygw,f/uRefrwdkYtodtrSwfrjyKcJhygbl;/tJ'Dwkef;u (91)&mcdkifESKef;eJY jynfolvlxkuoabmwlcJhw,fvdkY ajymwJholawGawmhajym&ufvdkufwmvdkYyJuRefrajymcsifygw,f/ (vufckyfMobmoHrsm;)

'Dvdkajymwm[muRefrpdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfw,f/ pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfw,fqdkwmu'DvdkajAmifMuD;rymkwfwJhudpöudkymkwfygw,fvdkYajym&JvdkY&Sd&if uRefrwdkYEdkifiH&Jh tem*wftwGuf odyfjyD;aumif;wJh vu©Pmrymkwfbl;vdkUuRefr'DvdkyJjrifygw,f/ (vufckyfMobmoHrsm;)

EdkifiHa&;qdkwm[mtdrf&Sifrwpfa,mufawmifrS b,fvdkrSvspfvsL&SLxm;vdk Y&wJh udpör[kwfbl; EdkifiHa&;qdkwmudkvSnfhrMunfhEd kifbl;/udk,fh0rf;pmudk,f&Smae&wJhtwGuf wjcm;[mudktm&HkxJ rxnfhEdkifygqdkwmajymoHawGusrwdkY trsm;MuD;Mum;ygw,f/uRefrwdkY cPcPajymygw,fEdkifiHa&;udkpdwfr0ifpm;bl;vdkYudk,fub,favmufyJajymajymEdkifiHa&;uudk,fhudkpdwf0ifpm;aewmyJ/ udk,frywfoufcsifayr,fhvnf;EdkifiHa&;uudk,fhudkvmywfoufaew,f/(vufckyfMobmoHrsm;) 'gudktrsm;jynfoloabm aygufatmifuRefrwdk Yajymjy&r,f/EdkifiHa&;qdkwm[medpö"l0vkyf&wJhudpöawGeJYyJrNyD;ygbl;/ 'DaeY aps;wufoGm;w,f bmjzpfvdk Yaps;wufoGm;vJ taMumif;t&if;vdkuf&Sm&ifEdkifiHa&;yJ/ 'DaeYaps;oGm;aemufaeY aps;ur&Sdawmhbl;? b,fa&mufoGm;vJaemufae&majymif;vdkuf&if 'gvnf;EdkifiHa&;yJ/ (vufckyfMobmoHrsm;)

udk,fhwwfEdkifvdkY udk,f0,fvmwJhqDuusef;rma&;eJYrudkufnD&if tJ'g

udkumuG,fzdkYwdkif;jynfudkumuG,fzdkY/ NynfoludktkyfcsKyfzdkYvdkY b,fwkef;urSuRefrrBum;zl;ygbl;/(vufckyfBobmoHrsm;)wyfrawmf&JY wm0efymmjynfoludktkyfcsKyfzdkYqdkwm tJ'D&nf &G,fcsufeJYyJazazuaeNyD;awmh 'Dwyfrawmfudk xlaxmifcJhwmr[kwfygbl;/ 'DawmhuRefruajymcsifw,fwyfrawmfom;awGudkowÅd&Sd&SdeJY b,feJYppfom;awGyJ'DavmufawmhowÅd&Sd&rSmaygh/owdÅ&Sd&SdeJY trSefw&m;udk&ifqdkifyg/ (vufckyfBobmoHrsm;) aoewfudkudkifjyD;awmh aoewfr&SdwJholawGudk&ifqdkif wmxuftrsm;BuD;ydkjyD; ta&;BuD;jyD;awmh odu©m&SdjyD;awmhowÅd&SdwJh udpöymmtrSefw&m;udk&if qdkifjcif;yJjzpfygw,fvdk Y usrajymcsifygw,f/ (vufckyfBobmoHrsm;)usrwdk Ywyfrawmf[m trSefw&m;udk&ifqdkifvdkufyg/ &ifqdkifNyD;awmh 'D zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'udkjynfolvlxktwGuf taumif;qHk;jzpfatmifvdkY Oya'abmiftwGif;u vTwfawmftwGif;u usKyfwdkYawG jyifqifoGm;r,fusKyfwdkYawG[mtmPmruf armvdkYtxl;tcGifhta&;rufarmvdkY ae&mrufarmvdkYvkyfaewmr[kwfbl; qdkwmudkoufaoxlvdkufygvdkY uRefruwdkufwGef;csifygw,f/(vufckyfBobmoHrsm;) wdkufwGef;w,fvdkYqdk&if wpfenf;tm;jzifhajym&ifvnf;pdefac:rIvdkYvnf;ajymvdkY&ygw,f/ uRefrpdefac:ygw,f/ (vufckyfBobmoHrsm;)

wu,fyJwdkif;jynfudkcspfw,f/wpfu,fyJjynfolvlxkudk av;pm;w,f/ wu,fyJowÅd&Sdw,f/wu,fyJwdkif;jynftem*wftwGuf tarQmftjrif&Sdw,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if 'DzGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk 'DESpf twGif;rSmvTwfawmfwGif;uaeNyD;awmhjyKjyifEdkifatmifvdkYwyfrawmfom;rsm; tm;vHk;0dkif;0ef;NyD;awmhvkyfBuygvdkY uRefrwdkufwGef;csifygw,f/(vufckyfMobmoHrsm;)/

vlxkacgif;aqmif\toH

(2008) zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wGif t"duusonfh yk'fr(436)tm;jyifqifvdkolrsm;taejzifh wpfEdkifiHvHk;&Sd NrdKUe,fESifh&yfuGufaus; &GmtoD;oD;&Sd NLD ½Hk;rsm;wGifoGm;a&mufí vufrSwfa&;xdk; qE´jyKEkdifaMumif; od&onf/

eD;pyf&m NLD &Hk;rsm;wGif arv(27)&ufaeYrS Zlvdkifv (19)&ufaeYtxd oGm;a&mufí rdrdqE´twdkif; vufrSwfa&;xdk;qE´jyKEkdifNyD; vufrSwfa&;xdk;qE´jyKvdkolonf jrefrmEkdifiHom; touf(18)ESpfjynfhNyD;ol jzpf&rnfjzpfNyD; pdwfayghoGyfolrjzpf&efvdktyfonf/ vufrSwfa&;xdk;qE´jyK&ef

zGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya' yk'fr(436)jyifqifEdkifa&; NLD ½Hk;rsm;wGif vufrSwfa&;xdk;qEjyKEdkif

yk'fr (436) jyifqifa&;a[majymyGJüajymMum;cJhonf/zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'(436)onfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifa&;

twGuft"duusaomyk'frjzpfNyD;jyifqifvdkygujynfaxmifpk vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk;\(75)&mcdkifEIef;ausmfujyifqif&ef oabmwljyD;jynfvHk;uRwfqE´cH,lyGJusif;yírJqE´ay;ydkifcGifh&Sdoltm;vHk;\xuf0ufausmf qE´rJjzifhomjyifqifcGifh&Sdonf[líjyXmef;xm;onf/ yk'fr(436)tm;jyifqifEdkifa&;udk trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyfu (88)rsdK;qufausmif;om;rsm;ESifhtwl yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifvQuf&Sdonf/ apmzdk;cGm;

twGuf rSwfyHkwif ae&yfvdyfpmvdktyfNyD;wpfOD;vQifwpfBudrfom xkd;cGifh&SdaMumif;od&onf/

trsKd;om;'Drk dua&pDtzGJUcsKyfOuú|a':atmifqef;pkMunfu jrefrmEkdifiHwGifjy|mef;xm;onfhOya't& touf(18)ESpfjynfhNyD;olrsm;om qE´jyKvufrSwfa&;xdk;cGif h&S d NyD; toufrjynfholrsm;taejzif hqE´jyKvdkygu eD;pyf&mwyfrawmfom;rsm;ESifhjzpfEkdifygu wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;rif;atmifvdIifqDwdkuf½dkufpmay;ydkYawmif;qdk&ef arv (18)&ufaeYurEåav;NrdKU atmifyifv,fuGif;wGifusif;yonfh zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'

zGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;twGuft"duusonfh yk'fr(436) jyifqifEdkifa&;twGuftrsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyfOuúX vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pkMunfu arv(17) &ufaeYwGif&efukefjrdKUüvnf;aumif; arv(18)&ufaeYwGifrEÅav;jrdKUüvnf;aumif;oGm;a&mufa[majymcJhonf/ a':atmifqef;pk Munf a[majymcJ honfrsm;rSaumufESKwfcsuftcsdKUudk vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fpmzwfy&dowfrsm;avhvmrSwfom;Edkif&ef wifjyvdkufygonf/

zG J Ypnf;y H ktajccHOya'ud ktumtuG,fwpfcktaeeJYxm;w,fvdkY usrjrifygw,f/

uRefrwdkY&JY jynfol jynfom;tm;vH k;usr[m jynfoljynfom;qd kwmwyfrawmfrygbl;vdk Yvnf;rac:ygbl;/tpdk;&rygbl;vdkYvnf;rac:ygbl;/jynfoljynfom;qdkwmtm;vHk;yJ/ (vufckyfMobmoHrsm;)

uRefrwdkY jynfoljynfom;rsm; tm;vH k ;[mtjzp fud k tjzp ftwd ki f ;&i fqdkif&JwJ howÅd&S d&r,f/ 'DvdkowÅdr&S d

vnf;EdkifiHa&;yJ/ EdkifiHa&;qdkwm[m tdrf&Sifrwpfa,mufawmifrS b,f vdkrSvspfvsL&SLxm;vdk Y&wJhudpörymkwfbl;/ EdkifiHa&;qdkwmrodayr,fh tJ'gawG[m EdkifiHa&;yJ? uRefrwdkYtcGifhta&;awG ausmif;oGm;w,f? ausmif;oGm;wJh tcgMuawmhtqifhrrDwJhynma&;udkoifae&wmvnf;'gvnf; EdkifiHa&;yJ/(vufckyfMobmoHrsm;)

uRefrtvkyform;awGeJYpum;ajymzl;w,f/olwdk YtwGufbmpdk;&drfovJMunfhvdkuf&ifbmvdkvJqdk&ifrdom;pkrusef;rrmjzpfrSmt&rf;aMumufw,fwJh/ bmaMumifhvJqdk&if a&m*gwpfckcsdKYwJhoGm;&if tJ'D[mudkukzdk Y ta<u;wif&ifb,fawmhrSta<u;urvGwfawmhbl;wJh/ (vufckyfMobmoHrsm;)

'gvnf;EdkifiHa&;yJ/ uRefrwdkYodwmEdkifiHa&;uaeuif;vGwfvdkYr&bl; r&wJhtwGuf EdkifiHa&;udkpdwf0ifpm;yg/odatmifvkyfyg/ udk,feJYqdkifaewJh udpöudkudk,frodbl;qdk&if aemufqHk;emrSmuudk,fyJemrSmyJ/

uRefrpdefac:ygw,frpdefac:ygw,frpdefac:ygw,frpdefac:ygw,frpdefac:ygw,f/wyfrawmf&J Ywm0efqd kwmjynfol"mwfyHk - zdk;cGm;

"mwfyHk - zdk;cGm;

yef;csDNrdwf0if;xdef&JU rdom;pkyef;csDjyyGJav;ukd &efukef r&rf;ukef;e0a';yef;csDjycef;rSm usif;yygw,f/ yef;csDNrdwf0if;xdefouf&Sdxif&Sm;&Sdaewkef;u yef;csDNrdwf0if;xdef&JU yef;csDum;awGeJY tefwDeef;yef;csDum;awGjyocJhzl;ygw,f/ yef;csDNrdwf0if;xdefuG,fvGefawmh yef;csDNrdwf0if;xdef&JUyef;csDvuf&mawG puufcsfawG pkpnf;NyD; wpfBudrfjyzl;jyefygw,f/

tckwpfBudrfrSmawmh yef;csDNrdwf0if;xdef&JU yef;csDvuf&mrsm;ryg0ifbJyef;csDNrdwf0if;xdef&JU rdom;pk(ZeD;? orD;eJY ajr;)vuf&mawGukd pkpnf;jyowmukdawGUjrif&wmyg/ yef;csDNrdwf0if;xdef&JU yef;csDvuf&mryg0ifygbJyef;csDNrdwf0if;xdef&JU rdom;pkyef;csDvuf&mrsm;ukdom jyoxm;jcif;[mwrlxl;vSw,fvkdY qdk&ifrrSm;ygbl;/

owif;ESif h "mwfyk H - owif;ESif h "mwfyk H - owif;ESif h "mwfyk H - owif;ESif h "mwfyk H - owif;ESif h "mwfyk H - YOH

yef;csDNrdwf0if;xdefrdom;pk yef;csDjyyGJav;

Page 6: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

4

&efukef ar (17)(2008) zGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'tm;EdkifiHawmfor®w OD;odef;pdef

taejzifh qufvufusifhoHk;vdkonfhqE´&SdaeaMumif; trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyfOuúX a':atmifqef;pkMunfu jynfolvlxkodkY owday;ajymqdkonf/

EdkifiHawmfor®wOD;odef;pdef\wm0efxrf;aqmifrIoufwrf;oHk;ESpfjynfhtxdrf;trSwftjzpf(2014)ckESpf rwfv(26) &ufaeYwGifjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfüajymMum;cJhonfh rdefYcGef;wGif zGJYpnf;yHkudk rjyifvdkonfhoabmxm;rsm;ygaeaMumif; a':atmifqef;pkMunfuaxmufjyí &efukefjrdKUwGif usif;yaom zGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'yk'fr (436) jyifqifa&;a[majymyGJwGifajymcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

]]'DEdkifiH&JY wnfjidrfa&;twGuf'DzGJ Ypnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk qufjyD;awmh xdef;odrf;xm;&r,fqdkwmvnf;ygw,f/aemufjyD;awmh 'DzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'xJrSm wcsdKUwavauseyfavmufatmif Oyrmtm;jzifhwdkif;&if;om;jynfe,frsm;rSmauseyfavmufatmif wcsdKU[mav;awGjyifay;r,fqdkwm ygygw,f/usrtJh'gawGudkrMudKufbl;/ tJ'DvdkvkyfrjyeJY/rjyifcsifvnf;rjyifcsifbl;vdk Y ajym/wu,ft"duuswJhudpöawGawmhrjyifbJeJY usrwdkYMum;rSm pdwf0rf;uGJatmifvdkY[dk[mav;jyifay;r,f/'D[mav;jyifay;r,f vkyfwm[mwdkif;jynfay:rSmapwemrJhw,fvdkY usrjrifw,f}}[kajymcJhonf/

jynfolvlxktaejzifh or®wOD;odef;pdef\ rdefYcGef;udkavhvm&ef

EdkifiHawmfor®w zGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk qufvufusifhoHk;vdkaom qE´&SdaeaMumif;a':atmifqef;pkMunfajym

e,fausmfpnf;½Hk;a&;a[majymcGifhESifh rJqG,fpnf;½Hk;a&;umvuefYowfjcif;ukd tajccHOya'u cGifUrjyK[k a&SYaeOD;udkeDuqkd

]]uRefawmfwkdYEkdifiHrSmusif;yr,fh a&G;aumufyGJ[m ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDa&G;aumufyGJvkdY zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'uajymxm;w,f/ ygwDpHk 'Drkdua&pDa&G;aumufyGJqkd&if ygwDawGtm;vHk; EkdifiHawmftmPm&&Sda&;twGuf,SOfNydKifMurSmyJ/ ygwDpHk 'Drkdua&pDa&G;aumufyGJjzpfwJhtwGuf wpfOD;csif;taeeJYNydKifwmxuf ygwDukdukd,fpm;jyKNyD; NydKifwJholu ykdrsm;w,f/ OyrmjynfckdifNzdK;ygwD&JUtvHatmufuae0ifNyD;awmh 0ifNydKifMur,f/ tvm;wltrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyftvHatmufuae 0ifNydKifr,f/ tvm;wlwk di f ;&i f ;om;ygwDwpfc katmufuae 0i f Ny d Ki fr,f/ tJ' Dawm hygwDwpfck&JUtrnfukdoHk;NyD; a&G;aumufyGJ0ifw,fqkdwm[m 'DygwDuEk difiHawmftmPmukd &,lusif hoH k;r,fqkdwJ h&nf&G,fcsufeJ Y NydKifwm

'gaMumifhrkdYvkdY ygwDtaeeJYNydKifwmjzpfwJhtwGuf a&G;aumufyGJ rJqG,fwJhae&mrSm ta&G;cHr,fhtrwfavmif;tjyif tJ'DygwDu b,facgif;aqmifrqkd? b,ftcsdefrSmrqkd owfrSwfxm;wJhumvtwGif; vma&mufNyD;awmhrS pnf;½Hk;a[majymEkdifw,f/ a[majymcGifhay;&r,f/ tJh'gukdcsKyfcs,fuefYowfvkdYr&bl;/ csKyfcs,fuefYowf&if tJ'g[m tcsufESpfcsufeJY NidpGef;oGm;vdrfhr,f/ yxrtcsufu vGwfvyfNyD;w&m;rQwwJhygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDa&G;aumufyGJqkdwJhemrnfeJY qefYusifaew,f/ vGwfvyfNyD; w&m;rQwwJh ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDa&G;aumufyGJvkdYajymwJhtwGuf vGwfvyfzkdYvkdygw,f/ tck[mu rJqG,fcGifh uefYowfvdkufwJhtwGuf vGwfvyfjcif;qkdwJhpum;ukd xdcdkufoGm;w,f/ aemufwpfcg vlwpfOD;csif;

NydKifwmr[kwfbl;/ ygwDtaeeJYNydKifwmjzpfwJhtwGuf ygwDuvlawGu a[majympnf;½Hk;cGifhr&Sdbl;/ aumfr&SifcGifhjyKrSpnf;½Hk;&r,fqkdvkd Y&S d&if 'gvnf;yJ csKyfcs,fuefYowfwJhoabmyJjzpfwJhtwGuf ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pD a&G;aumufyGJvkdYawmifajymvkdYr&bl;/ 'gaMumifhrkdY 'gu vGwfvyfjcif; qkdwJhpHukdcsKd;azmuf&ma&mufw,f/ aumfr&SifuefYowfw,fqkdwm Oya'eJYrnDbl;/ eHygwfESpftcsufu vuf&Sd(2008)Oya'u EkdifiHom;wkdif;ukday;xm;wJhtcGifhta&;yJ/ vlwkdif;vlwkdif;[m vGwfvyfpGm rdrd&JUqE´ukdxkwfazmfajymqdkEkdifw,f? a&;om;jzefYcsdEkdifw,f/ 'g[m EkdifiHom; wkdif;&JUtcGifhta&;yJ/ tJ'Dawmh EkdifiHom;wpfa,muf? ygwDacgif;aqmifwpfa,mufu olUygwD&JUtrwftEkdif&&Sda&;twGuf a[mr,f? ajymr,f qkd&if zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yk'fr 354(u)t&b,folUqDrSmrS cGifhjyKrdefYawmif;p&mrvkdbl;/ tck aumfr&SifOuú|qDrSm cGifhawmif;&r,f/ oufqkdif&maumfr&SifrSm cGifhawmif;&r,f/ aumfr&SifucGifhjyKrdefY&rS rJqG,fa[mcGifh &Sdr,fqkd&if zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' yk'fr 354(u)u EkdifiHom;wkdif;ukday;xm;wJhtcGifhta&;ukd aumfr&SifuvmNyD;csKyfcs,f uefYowfovkdjzpfoGm;r,f/ 'gaMumifh (2008)zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'eJY rnDbl;/ aemufwpfck&Sdao;w,f/

&efukef? ar(18)&efukef? ar(18)&efukef? ar(18)&efukef? ar(18)&efukef? ar(18)a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifrS a&G;aumufyGJrJqG,fjcif;

taMumif;t&mrsm; ESifhywfoufí uefYowf&ef? ñTefMum;csufxkwf&ef BudK;yrf;aerIrsm;onf vGwfvyfNyD;w&m;rQwwJh a&G;aumufyGJqkdaom pHcsdefpHñTef;rsm;ESifhrnDovkd wnfqJ(2008)zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'? wnfqJ(2010) a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifeJYywfoufaomOya'?wnfqJa&G;aumufyGJqkdif&m Oya'rsm;ESifhrudkufnDonfhtwGuf tqkdygñTefMum;csufrsKd;? pnf;rsOf;ukd aumfr&SifrSxkwfjyefvkdYr&aMumif; (2014)ckESpf? ar(17)&ufwGifa&SUaeOD;ukdeDu vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fokdYajymcJhonf/

(2014)ckESpf? ar(15)&ufwGif jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif Ouú| OD;wifat;ESifh EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;onf &efukefNrdKU? Sky Star [kdw,fwGif awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJtNyD;wGif a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifue,f ausmfpnf;½Hk;a[majymcGifhESifh rJqG,fpnf;½Hk;a&;umvukd uefYowfcJhonf[k EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;u oHk;oyfa0zefrIrsm;tay:wGifa&SUaeOD;ukdeD\ Oya'a&;&moHk;oyfcsufrsm;ukdajymMum;cJh&mwGif

'guvnf; Oya'eJYoufqkdifw,f/ aumfr&Sifu aeNyD;awmh csKyfcs,fuefYowfwJhenf;Oya'wkdY? ñTefMum;csufwkdY xkwfw,fqkd&if olUrSmvkyfykdifcGifhtmPm&Sd? r&Sdqkdwmukdvnf; Munfhzkd Yvkdw,f/ tJ'Dawmhaumfr&Sif&JUtmPmukd (2010)a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif Oya'rSm a&;xm;wm&Sdygw,f/ aumfr&Sif&JUvkyfykdifcGifhawGxJrSmq&mawGUoavmuf aumfr&Sif[m ygwDawGukd rJqG,fjcif;eJYywfoufNyD; csKyfcs,fuefYowfEkdifw,f/csKyfcs,fuefYowfwJhñTefMum;csufawGxkwfEkdifw,fvkdYjy|mef;xm; wmukdrawGU&bl;/ 'gaMumifh (2010)a&G;aumufyGJ Oya't&ajym&ifvnf;aumfr&SiftaeeJY 'DvkdOya'rsKd;? ñTefMum;csufawG xkwfjyefvkdYr&bl;}}[kajymcJhonf/ pk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkuf

axmifhpHkrSoHk;oyfum tajccHOya' tcef;(12)rSmjyXmef;xm;wJhjyXmef;csufrsm;eJY tnDjyifqifrI aqmif&GufEdkifa&; tav;xm;vdkufemMu&rSmjzpfygw,f}}[k oHk;ESpfjynfhrdefYcGef;wGif xnfhoGif;ajymqdkxm;onf/

zGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk vdkufemjyD; 'Drdkua&pD&SifoefcdkifrmvsuftjyeftvSefxdef;nSdEdkifaom tajctaea&muf&SdatmifazmfaqmifMu &rnfjzpfjyD; jynfolrsm;\arQmfvifhcsuf rysufpD;ap&ef tm;vHk;rSmwm0ef&SdaMumif;vnf; or®wOD;odef;pdefuajymqdkcJhonf/

wyfrawmfu@ESifhywfoufjyD;EdkifiHawmfor®wu ]]EdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;eJY vHkjcHKa&;twGuf wyfrawmf[macwfrDawmifhwif;cdkifrmzdkYta&;MuD;ygw,f/'Drd kua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;a&;rSm wyfrawmf&J htcef;u@[m &SdaeOD;rSmjzpfygw,f/EdkifiHa&;jyóemudkEdkifiHa&;enf;eJYnSdESdKif;tajz&SmwJh pm;yGJ0dkif;awGrSmvnf; wyfrawmf[mqufvufyg0ifaezdkY vdktyfqJjzpfygw,f}}[koHk;ESpfjynfh rdefYcGef;wGif xnfhoGif;ajymqdkxm;onf/

a':atmifqef;pkMunfu EdkifiHa&;ESifh wyfrawmfonfvHk;0 rywfoufaomaMumifhEdkifiHa&;vkyfcsifygu ppfwyfuxGufyg[k arv(17)&ufaeYu &efukefAdkvfpdefrSefuGif;wGifusif;yaom zGJYpnf;yHktajccH Oya'yk'fr(436) jyifqifa&; a[majymyGJü ajymMum;cJhonf/,if;a[majymyGJodkYvlOD;a& wpfodef;ausmfwufa&muftm;ay;cJhMuonf/

apmzdk;cGm;

vdktyfaMumif;a':atmifqef;pkMunfu wdkufwGef;cJhonf/

EdkifiHawmfor®wOD;odef;pdefu]]ta&;MuD;qHk;jzpfwJh jynfwGif;ji dr f;csrf;a&;ud k&&S dE d ki fz d k YtwGufzGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'rSmcGJa0 tyfESif;xm;wJh Oya'jyKpm&if;awGudkrjzpfraejyifqif ajymif;a&TUay; &rSmjzpfovdk wdkif;&if;om;tcGifh ta&;? jynfe,ftcGifh ta&;awGudkvnf; wdk;jrifh&&Sdvmatmifvnf;pDrHay;Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'Du aeYjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu wm0ef,lxm;wJh zGJ Ypnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifa&; vkyfief;pOfBuD;[mus,fjyefYeuf&SdKif;ygw,f/ jyXmef;csufwpf&yfcsif; tvdkufaemufcHordkif; tESpfom&&Jh &nf&G,fcsufawGudk jynfhpH kp Gmavh vmjyD;&I

&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21EkdifiHwumaumfzDvkyfief;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHtaejzifh 0ifqHhNyD; EkdifiH

wumESifh &ifabmifwef;,SOfNydKifEkdif&ef jrefrmukd,fpm;jyK csefyD,Hrsm;ukdarG;xkwfay;rnfh &nf&G,fcsufjzifh jrefrmEkdifiH\ yxrqkH;aumfzDNydKifyGJMyanmar National Barista Championship 2014 ukd usif;yrnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/

tqkdygNydKifyGJukd ZGefv 18 rS 20 &uftxd MCC cef;rü jyKvkyfrnfh Food and Hotel Myanmar 2014 Exhibition yGJawmf\ EvnetStage Hall (1) wGif ESpf&ufqufwkdufusif;yrnfjzpfNyD; NydKifyGJtwGufEkdifiHjcm;rS 0g&ifhtuJjzwf'kdifrsm;rS tuJjzwfoGm;rnfjzpfonf/

aumfzDazsmfNydKifyGJukd jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvkH;rS tawGUtBuKH&Sdaom BaristaaumfzDtazsmfq&mrsm;? tawGUtBuKHr&Sdao;aomfvnf; ,SOfNydKifvkdolrsm;yg0ifEkdifum touf 18 ESpfjynfhNyD; trsKd;om;? trsKd;orD;rnfolrqkdyg0ifEkdifum arv 19 &ufrS ZGef 12 &ufaeYtxd &efukef urm&GwfNrdKUe,f "r®apwDvrf;&Sd Coffee Circles qkdif0if;twGif; Element Cof-fee Consulting and Machine Supplies Company wGi fpm&if;ay;oGif;Ekdif aMumif; od&onf/

NydKifyGJrS Champion, Runner Up, 1st Runner Up ESifh Top 5 levelqkrsm;ukd csD;jr§ifhoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; aemufqufwGJtaejzifh EkdifiHwumaumfzDtazsmfNydKifyGJBuD;rsm;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHukd,fpm;jyKoGm;a&muf,SOfNydKifEkdif&efvkdtyfaom enf;ynm? A[kokw? jyifqifjcif;tydkif;rsm;ESifhtwl ulnDyHhykd;rIrsm; tjynfht0ay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/

PK

jrefrmEkdifiH\ yxrqkH;aumfzDazsmfNydKifyGJusif;yjyKvkyfrnf[kqdk

Page 7: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

5

Page 8: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

6

vQyfwpfjyufokdYay;ykd Yvmaom ay;pmrsm;ukd rjzwfrawmufrvSD;vQyfwpfjyufokdYay;ykd Yvmaom ay;pmrsm;ukd rjzwfrawmufrvSD;vQyfwpfjyufokdYay;ykd Yvmaom ay;pmrsm;ukd rjzwfrawmufrvSD;vQyfwpfjyufokdYay;ykd Yvmaom ay;pmrsm;ukd rjzwfrawmufrvSD;vQyfwpfjyufokdYay;ykd Yvmaom ay;pmrsm;ukd rjzwfrawmufrvSD;rzJ hygbJ rl&if;twkdif;azmfjyygonf/rzJhygbJ rl&if;twkdif;azmfjyygonf/rzJhygbJ rl&if;twkdif;azmfjyygonf/rzJhygbJ rl&if;twkdif;azmfjyygonf/rzJhygbJ rl&if;twkdif;azmfjyygonf/

t,f'Dwmt,f'Dwmt,f'Dwmt,f'Dwmt,f'Dwm

Q. xkdif;bufu e,fpyf*dwfawGydwfvkdufNyDqkdawmh bmawGjzpfvmEkdifovJAs/

tm*sD;(wG H Uaw;)tm*sD;(wG H Uaw;)tm*sD;(wG H Uaw;)tm*sD;(wG H Uaw;)tm*sD;(wG H Uaw;)A. aocsmayguf aps;awGwufawmhrSmaygh .../

Q. t<uif;rJhNidrf;csrf;a&;u onftpkd;&wpfouf&tkef;rSmvm; ../vGrf;armif(a0bm*D)vGrf;armif(a0bm*D)vGrf;armif(a0bm*D)vGrf;armif(a0bm*D)vGrf;armif(a0bm*D)

A. onfar;cGef;u b,folUukdar;wmvJ [ifh!

Q. NDF (,cif NLD )acgif;aqmif a'gufwmoef;Nidrf;&JU ema&;ukdEkdifiHa&;orm;emrnfausmfawG vmykdYwmrawGU&ygvm; bmaMumifhvJ/

bm;rm;tkd (arSmfbD)bm;rm;tkd (arSmfbD)bm;rm;tkd (arSmfbD)bm;rm;tkd (arSmfbD)bm;rm;tkd (arSmfbD)A. wlwmwGJvkyfNyD; rwlwmcGJvkyfaeMuvdkY jzpfrSmaygh .../

Q. rJaqmuf? jr0wD? aumu&dwf tjrefvrf;opf b,fawmhNyD;r,fvdkY Mum;rdygovJ/ [efeD;rGef; oGm;csifvdkY .../

tdau(oHvsif)tdau(oHvsif)tdau(oHvsif)tdau(oHvsif)tdau(oHvsif)A. ckrS xkdif;rSm tmPmodrf;wkef;&Sdao;w,f jznf;jznf;aygh .../

&rf;NAJNrdKYorkdif;0if atmifapwDbk&m;BuD;tm; a&TxD;awmf? pdefzl;awmf? iSufjrwfem;awmf wifvSLylaZmf

&rf;NAJ? ar(17)&rf;NAJ? ar(17)&rf;NAJ? ar(17)&rf;NAJ? ar(17)&rf;NAJ? ar(17)omoemawmfouú&mZf (2558)ckESpf? aumZmouú&mZf(1376) ckESpf

uqkefvjynfhausmf(4)&uf? c&pfouú&mZf(2014)ckESpf? arv (17)&uf(paeaeY) r*Fvm&Sdaomtcsdeftcgor,wGif &ckdifjynfe,f? &rf;NAJNrdKU?atmifapwDawmfjrwfukd 'kwd,tBudrf jyefvnfrGrf;rHjyKjyif NyD;íjynfwGif;? jynfy omoemjyK aus;Zl;awmf&Sif tvkdawmfjynf hq&mawmfBuD;tm;trSL;xm;í a&TxD;awmftvSL&Sifrsm;jzpfMuaom teEÅ*kdPf;0ifaus;Zl;&Sif OD;azxGef; ZeD; a':vS0if;omwkdYtm; &nfrSef;vsufOD;armifarmif(c)OD;aersKd;xGef; Royal Beach Motel ESifh Sittwe Hotelykdif&Sifrdom;pkrsm;? [kdw,f0efxrf;rsm;ESifh nDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;pkaygif;vsuf Ak'¨gbdaoutaeuZmwiftvSLawmfr*FvmESifh a&TxD;awmf?

yxrykdif;tcrf;tem;tpDtpOfNyD;qHk;aMumif;od&onf/'kwd,ykdif;tpDtpOfukd pdefzl;awmf? iSufjrwfem;awmf? a&TxD;awmf

wkdYtm; yifhaqmifvsuf atmifapwDawmftm; vuf,m&pf oHk;BudrfvSnfhvnfum &wema&TxD;awmftm; atmifjrifpGmwifvSLcJhaMumif;od&onf/ ¤if;atmifapwDbk&m;BuD;ukd (2002)ckESpfu wpfBudrf a&TxD;awmfwifvSLcJhNyD;í 'kwd,tBudrf (2014)ckESpfwGif wpfBudrf atmifjrifpGmwifvSLcJhygonf/ ¤if;atmifapwDbk&m;BuD;ukd tdrfa&SUrif;om; oD&dr[m"r®m bdZ, oD[ol&aumif;rIawmf &r®m0wDatmifajr atmifapwDbk&m;BuD;ukd (1147)ckESpfwGif &rf;jynfhNrdKU0ef e&orkdif;a&Tausmfwnfxm;ukd;uG,fonfh at'D(1784)ckESpfwGifwnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhonf[k od&onf/ YOH

iSufjrwfem;awmf? pdefzl;awmfwkdYtm; wifvSLylaZmfcJhaMumif;od&onf/

xkd Yaemuf tcrf;tem;ukdearmwó oHk;Budrf&Gwfqkdí zGifhvSpfay;NyD;&rf;NAJNrdKUt*¾r[my@dwykPÖm;awmifausmif;wkdufq&mawmfxHrS ig;yg;oDvcH,laqmufwnfvsufyifhzdwfxm;aom q&mawmf? oHCmawmfrsm;u arwÅokwf w&m;em,ljcif;ESifh tvkdawmfjynfh q&mawmfBuD;tm; pdefzl;awmf? iSufjrwfem;awmfwkdYtm;qufuyfvSL'gef;NyD;vQif q&mawmfrsm; vSLzG,fypönf;rsm;qufuyfí vSL'gef;cJhygonf/ &rf;NAJNrdKU?ykPÖm;awmifq&mawmfbk&m;xHrStEkarm'emw&m;em Mum;NyD;vQif

trsKd;orD;0wf *sif;t0wftxnfrsKd;pHk &&SdEkdifonfU Jean Express qkdifzGifUyGJjyKvkyf&efukef? ar(17)&efukef? ar(17)&efukef? ar(17)&efukef? ar(17)&efukef? ar(17)

trsKd;orD;0wf *sif;t0wftxnfrsKd;pHkukd xkdif;EkdifiHrSwifoGif;a&mif;csonfh Jean Express qkdifopfzGifhyGJukd &efukefNrdKU? usKduúqHvrf;? UnitedLiving Mall (3)vTmwGif jyKvkyfusif;ycJhonf/

]]trsKd;orD;0wf *sif;t0wftxnfrsKd;pHkukd wpfae&mwnf;rSm&&SdEkdifatmif pDpOfxm;ygw,f/ *sif;eJYjyKvkyfxm;wJh tdwfrsKd;pHkvnf;&Sdygw,f/*sif;ukd oabmus trsKd;orD;awGtwGuf qkd'ftpHk&&SdEkdifatmifwifxm;ygw,f/ t"duawmh befaumufukd ukd,fwkdifoGm;NyD; BudKufwJhtrsKd;tpm;ukd wifa&mif;ygw,f/ tusÐwcsKdUuawmh xkdif0rfuvnf; yg0ifygw,f/ aps;EIef;awGuawmh usyf(7000)ausmf0ef;usifuaepNyD; wpfaomif;cGJeJY txuf0,f,lolawGukd tusÐwpfxnfeJY wpfaxmifwefabmufcsmwpf&GufpDpOfay;ygw,f}}[k qkdifykdif&Sif a':EkEku vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fokdY ajymcJhonf/ pk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkuf

&ufwGif &efukefNrdKU? r[mAE¨Kvyef;NcHvrf;&Sd Orchid Hotel ü jyKvkyf

usif;ycJh&mwGif tvif;wef;t,f'Dwmvif;EkdifOD;u tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf

aqmif&Gufay;cJhNyD; q&matmifoQH0kdif;(usKdufra&m)u pme,fZif;rsm;

ukd,fpm; rk'dwmpum;ajymcJhonf/

Nightmare Band wGif *DwmwD;cwfoltjzpf atmifrsKd;vif;? abhpf

*DwmwD;cwfoltjzpf nDjzL? '&rfwD;cwfol Squeeze ESifh tqkd&Sif

EkdA,fwl;wkdYESifhaygif;pyfzGJUpnf;xm;jcif;jzpfNyD; Our History aw;pD;&D;ukd

(2014)ckESpf? ar(20)&ufwGif The Sun Music rS jzefYcsdoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;

od&onf/

]]ukd,fykdifyHkpHjzpfatmif BudK;pm;xm;ygw,f/ y&dowfBuD;qDu

a0zeftBuHay;rIukdvnf; arQmfvifhaeygw,f/ ar(25)&ufrSmawmh

uefawmfBuD; arQmfpifuRef;rSm y½dkrkd;&Sif;jyKvkyfoGm;ygr,f}}[k atmifrsKd;

vif;uajymcJhonf/ pk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkuf

Nightmare Band \ Our History aw;pD;&D; ar(20)&ufwGifjzefhcsdcJU

&efukef? ar(17)&efukef? ar(17)&efukef? ar(17)&efukef? ar(17)&efukef? ar(17)

*Dw0goem&Sifvli,fav;a,mufjzifhzGJUpnf;xm;aom NightmareBand \ Our History aw;pD;&D;rdwfqufyGJukd (2014)ckESpf? ar(17)

GRAND WYNN GROUP OF COMPANIES MOTHER'S DAY 2014Mom's Choice taumif;qkH;[if;csufqDESifh toifhpm;acgufqGJwdkYrS

BuD;rSL;usif;yaom 2014 ckESpf tarrsm;aeY*kPfjyKyGJ tcrf;tem;ukdomauw&Sd Capital Hyper Market wGif 2014 ckESpf arv 11 &ufaeYüusif;ycJhonf/ tqkdyg tarrsm;aeY*kPfjyKyG J tcrf;tem;wGifESif;qDukef; bkd;bGm;&dyfomrS tartkdrsm;ukd Mom's Choice rdom;pkrStvSLaiGrsm;ay;tyfjcif;? tarrsm;tm;aysmf&TifpGm ukd,fwkdifaps;0,fcGifh&&Sd&efpDpOfay;jcif;? tarrsm;tzGJUtm; tvSLaiGay;tyfjcif;? a':EGJUEGJUpef;ESifhtarrsm;tzGJUrS ujyazsmfajzjcif;? tEkynm&Sifrsm;rS tarrsm;ESifhwuGwufa&mufNyD; tararwÅm ESifhaus;Zl;BuD;rm;ykHukd ykHazmfay;jcif;? pma&;q&mrykncifrS tarrsm;taMumif;ajymMum;jcif;? rwifrkd;vGifrSaysmf&Tifp&mtpD tpOfrsm;ESifhuHprf;rJazmufay;jcif;wkdYjzifhpnfum;pGmusif;ycJhonf/ *D* D* D* D* D

Page 9: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

7

uRefawmfwkdYi,fi,fu oifcJh&wJh rlvwef;zwfpmrSm..jrefrmEkdifiHodkYwkdif;&if;om; vlrsKd;rsm;0ifa&mufvmykHqkdwmygw,f/ ArmjynfajrykH&JUb,fbufykckH;u wdbuf-Arm?nmbuf ykckH;u tm&d,ef? b,fbufcg;em;u rGefcrm/ aemufa&S;OD; vlrsKd;pku ysLurf;,Houf/ tJ'DumvuykHawmif&D;,m;awGbmawGrawGUMuao;bl;/ ysL vlrsKd;pktaeeJYu [efvif;? rkdif;arm?oa&acwå&m?AdóEkd;? pwJhysLNrdKUa[mif;awG[m xkeJYxnfeJY/ ,Ofaus;rItqifhtwef;tawmfjrifhaeMuNyD/ NrdKUjyEkdifiHawGwnfaxmifNyD;NyD/ oHr,feawGokH;aeMuNyD/ oHcif;wrefcif;qufqHa&;awGvkyf&aumif;rSef; odaeNyD/ yef;wdrftwwfynmrSmawmh xl;xl;jcm;jcm;udk tqihfjrifhaeNyD/ Ak'¨bmomukd;uG,frI xGef;um;avawmh Ak'¨a&Tqif;wk&JUOPSvkHarG;&Sifawmf[m qGJqefYvkduf&if olUtcsKd;tpm;twkdif;&SnfxGufvmNyD; jyefvTwfvkduf&if rlvae&mudkjyefuyfoGm;av&JU/ a&Tbl;EG,f (a&Tpy&def) twwf/ jynfrrSmaewJh ysLvlrsKd;wkdYukdyJ uRefawmfwdkYawGpepfwusokawoevkyfEdkif? a&S;a[mif;tarGtESpftjzpf xdrf;odrf;zdkYUNESCO vdk tzGJUrsKd;udk wifjyEkdifcJhMuw,f/ urf;,HeJYoufuawmhrxifr&Sm;/

&cdkif&Jabmfrsm;eJY pum;pyfrdawmhrS olwdkYqDrSm a0omvD&ud©KifacwfawGuwnf;u axmifig;axmif&SdaMumif;od&w,f/ axmifqkdwJh&cdkifpum;[mc½kdifudk nTef;qdkxm;wmyg/ zvHawmif? Adkvfaxmif?oufaxmif? .../ vGwfvyfa&;umvEkdifiHe,fedrdwfawG owfrSwfa&;qGJMuawmh wcsKdUaxmifawG[m ta&SUygupöwef (,ck-b*Fvm;a'h&Sf) bufygoGm;aMumif;od&w,f/ &yfa0;ajrjcm;a&mufwkdif;&if;om;awG[m arG;&yfajrudk vGrf;qGwfpdwftcHeJY ukd,fhvlrsKd;&JU½dk;&m,Ofaus;rIudk tpGJtvrf;BuD;BuD; taozufwG,fxdrf;odrf;xm;wwfMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifh b*Fvm;bufa&muf &cdkifwkdif;&if;om;awGqDrSm &cdkif½dk;&m,Ofaus;rIypönf;awG t0wftpm;awG vuf0wf&wemawG[mtysuftpD;r&Sd jyKjyifajymif;vJrIr&Sd? yuwdtwkdif; a&S;rlrysuf xdrf;odrf;xm;EkdifMuw,f/ ArmjynfbufrSm &cdkif,Ofaus;rIyGJawmfwpfckckusif;yMuawmhr,fqkd&if vdktyfwJh½dk;&m,Ofaus;rIypönf;udk b*Fvm;e,fa&mufaqGrsKd;&ckdifawGqDoGm;NyD;iSm;Mu&owJh/ &cdkif&Jabmf ukdausmfpdefarmifu ajymjybl;w,f/ oufaxmifhrSmaexdkifMuwJhoufvlrsKd;awGcrsmvnf; ajrNrdKvdkYraysmuf vluNrdKvdkYvlrsKd;aysmufoGm;wJhoabm/

urf;,Hqdkwmuawmh uRefawmfwkdYtzdkY eD;&ufeJYa0;owdrrlvdkY *lrjrifrdMuwmyg/ urf;,HawG[m ae&ma'otvkdufbmompum;awG? ,Ofaus;rIawG? "avhxkH;wrf;awGtenf;i,fpD rodromuGJjym;oGm;MuNyD;trsm;uac:aeMuwJh u&if? u,m;? u,ef;? ytdk0fh&,fvkdYjzpfoGm;MuwmygwJh/

rlvwef;zwfpmrSmyJ ]]eefYaemif;cg&D a'G;r,faemf}} pw¬Kqdkwmoif&jyefw,f/ u,m;wdkYXmeDaiGawmifjynfrSm udEDé&Dckepfazmfa&csKd;qif;Muawmh...ok"Ekrif;om;av;u aMumhuGif;ypfzrf;wJhZmwfvrf;/ uRefawmfwkdYwawGu wkdif;&if;omnDtpfudkawmfrsm;eJY awmfawmfav;ukd taepdrf;cJhrdMuw,f/ ukd,fhvlrsKd;&JUykHjyif'@m&DawGudkawmh orkdif;tjzpfzefwD;NyD;ZGwfBuD;udk,kHMunfcdkif;cJhrdMuw,f/ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkawG&JU cdkifrmwJhorkdif; aMumif;awGudkusawmh '@m&DykHjyifvdkYyJxifcJhrdMuw,f/

vlrsKd;aygif;pkH pkaygif;aexkdifavh&SdMuwJh EkdifiHwkdif;rSm vlrsKd;awGpkHoavmuf jyóemawGvnf;pkHwwfygw,f/ w&m;cHuawmh r[mvlrsKd;BuD;0g'eJY usOf;ajrmif;wJhvlrsKd; pGJ0g'awGaMumifh jyóemawGpHkwwfMuwmyg/'gawGudk ESpfzufpvkH;u wkdif;jynfeJY EdkifiHta&;udka&SU½INyD;oabmxm;BuD;BuD;? owdNrJNrJ? qifqifjcifjcifeJY a0zefa&;ay;um jyKjyifMu&ygvdrhfr,f/

vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;&JUjzpfwnfrIudk uRefawmfwkdYb,fvkdowfrSwfMurvJ/wqufwpyf wnf;wnf&SdaewJh a'oe,fedrdwfwpfcktwGif;rSm umvtwefMumaexdkifcJhMu&ygr,f/ vlOD;a&tweftoihf xkvkdufwnfvdkuf&Sd&ygr,f/ ukd,fykdif,Ofaus;rI"avhxkH;wrf;? ukd,fydkifbmompum; (jzpfEkdif&if) ukd,fydkifpmay&SdMu&ygr,f/ tJ'gawGjynfhpkHaewJh vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;[m...cifAsm;wdkY uRefawmfwkdYvdkYyJ ukd,fykdifEkdifiH? 'grSr[kwfukd,fydkifwk di f;jynf? uk d,fyk di f jynfe,f? 'grSr[kwf uk d,fyd ki ftkyfcsKyfcGih f&a'or&Sdoifhaybl;vm;/ tJ'geJY...ajrr&Sdao;wJhygvufpwdkif;awGudk EdkifiHtjzpfukvor*¾u todtrSwfjyK ay;vdkufawmh uRefawmfwdkY&JabmfuAsmq&marmifarmifomjrwfeJY uAsmav;udkoGm;NyD;owd&rdw,f/

]]rif; eYJ igavtwlwl ajcrGNyD;ajrBuD; jzpfMu&atmif}}tJ'g uAsmudk cGefqkdif;eJY Nidrf;at;tdrfwdkYu oHpOfoGif;bl;&JU/

ajrr&Sdao;wJh vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;eJY EkdifiHwnfzdkY cE¨mudk,fudk pGefYvTwfvSL'gef;NyD;ajrBuD;jzpfay;vkdufcsifwJh uAsmq&m&JU &J&ifhwJhqE´vdkYcHpm;vkdufrdw,f/

uRefawmfwdkY i,fi,fu rEÅav;bk&m;BuD;(r[mjrwfrked)udk vmzl;Mu&if; wkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkvkdufeJYqkHrdMu&if vlBuD;awGu uRefawmfwdkYrsufvkH;udk vuf0g;eJYydwfxm;NyD; acgif;udkyg wpfzufvTJay;xm;wwfMuw,f/jyKpm;oGm;rSmpdk;vkdYwJh/ wkdif;&if;om;awG b,favmufrsm;cHpm;oGm;MuavrvJ/ t&G,fa&mufawmhrS pOf;pm;rdw,f/ jyKpm;w,fqdkwmBuD;udk ,HkaeolawGtzdkYawmh wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;wdkY vlrsKd;pkH&JU "avhxkH;wrf;tpOftvmawGukd av;av;pm;pm;vdkufem&r,fqkdwmwdkYudk b,foabmaygufMurvJ/ Ak'¨bmombk&m;zl;csif; twlwl 'DtjyKtrlrsKd;ukdukd,fukd;uG,faewJh Ak'¨jrwfpGm&JUbmoma&;u vufoihfcHrcH cGihfjyK

rjyKqdkwm rd½dk;zvmorm;awG b,fvdkufrDMuyghrvJ/'gawGaMumifhvnf; q&m pkdif;crf;vdwfu ]]rEÅav;a&muf &Srf;

wpfa,muf}}vdkY oDcsif;rsKd;a&;aywmyJ/ 'gawmifrS ajrmufOuúvmrSmtJ'DoDcsif;udk wdyfacGzGihfcGihf? oDqdkcGihfydwfyifwm;jrpfcHcJh&bl;w,f/ wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;a&;ukd xdcdkufvdkYwJh/ NrdKUe,f r.q.v tmPmydkifrsm;&JUtawG;tac:/

tJ'gawGaMumifh ]]OK.O122L}} wdkY ]]q,fESpfeD;eD; apmifhcJh&NyD;rSvnf;}} wdkY xGufvmwmyJ/ tu©&mpmom;wpfvkH;csif;pDukd tyfzsm;axmufNyD; qifqmjzwfaewJh vlBuD;rif;awGu tEkynmOmPfrrDvdkYom uRefawmfwkYd vli,fawG em;qifcHpm;cGihf&chJMuwm/ wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;wyfzGJUwpfckuqkd&if olwdkY&JU wef;wl cGihf? ukd,fydkifjy|mef;cGihfcHpm;csufawGyGihftHaygufuGJxGufNyD; olwdkYwkdif;&if;om; bmompum;eJY]]atmifqef;nmw,f}} vdkYawmif&ifzGihfoHoDcsif;oDqkd;bl;Muw,f/ txJ

rSm zGihfqdk &Sif;jywmukd emcHcJh&bl;yg&JU/

uRefawmfwkdYawG wuf<ut&G,f? pmzwfwwfcgp txJrSm pwmvif&JU Natinal Questions ukd zwfNyD;wufaxmifarmif;eif; jiif;ckHaeMuawmhab;rSm xkdifrSmaxmifaewJh wkdif;&if;om;&Jabmfu ]]vlrsKd;a&;jyóemudk aqG;aEG;Mu&if rif;wdkYArmawGrygwmykdaumif;vdrhfr,f}} wJh/ [kwfyg&JU uRefawmfwkdYukd,fwkdifuvnf; arG;&mygvlrsKd;BuD; tpGJ&SdaeMuwmukd;/

uRefawmfwdkY cifAsm;wdkYi,fb0u oifchJ&wJh Armhorkdif;qkdwm tpkd;&tBudKuf vdkufa&;&whJ ArmvlrsKd;BuD;0g' rIdif;wdkufxm;wJh orkdif;awGjzpfw,f/ yk*H tif;0 awmifil anmif&rf; ukef;abmifqkdwm NrdKUjyEkdifiHi,ftqihfyJ&Sdwm/ tJ'DArmNrdKUjyEkdifiHawGeJY acwfNydKif &cdkifNrdKUjyEkdifiHrGefNrdKUjyEdkifiH&Srf;apmfbGm;EkdifiH ucsif'l;0g;EkdifiH u&ifeDapm zsmEkdifiH u&ifapmfuJEkdifiHcsif;&rftkyfrif;EdkifiHawG&SdcJhw,f/ rif;NydKifacwfNydKif EkdifiHawG &SdcJhw,fqdkwmxdrfcsef wdrfjrKyf uG,f0SufcHxm;&wm/ ]]usefppfom;eJYbk&ifhaemiftavmif;bk&m;eJYAE¨Kv wdkYtwnf}} qdkwmBuD;udk wkdif;&if;om;awGukdygrn§mrwm atmfqdkcdkif;cJhMuwm/ uRefawmfwdkYrSmvnf; todOmPfenf;avawmh... tJ'D ppfAdkvfcsKyf BuD;awGuyJ (vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; ckvuf&SdArmjynfajrykHe,fedrdwfBuD;wpfckvkH;ukd olwdkY MoZmtmPmvTrf;rkd;tkyfcsKyfcJhovkdvdk ,kHrSm;rdMuw,f/ wu,fawmh wkdif;&if;om;awGrSmvnf; ukd,fhrif;ukd,fcsif;eJY udk,fhxD; ukd,fheef;eJY/

ya'o&mZf NrdKUjyEkdifiHrif;NydKifawG[m wpfcgwpfcg ppfrufNydKif avh&SdwJh oabmt& tif;0eef;rSm odk[efbGm;wdkY tkef;abmifapmfbGm;wdkYbk&ifvkyftkyfcsKyfcJhbl;w,f/ yk*Htysufyif;,acwfOD;rSmvnf; &Srf;nDaemifokH;OD;[m txift&Sm;/ w½kwfwm[m e,fcsJUukd jrifpkdif;ppfajrjyifuaeckcHwkdufcdkuf tEdkif,lcJhwm[m Armjynf&JUwkdif;&if; om;pnf;vkH;a&;eJYtwle,fcsJUukd yxrqkH;atmifyGJqifcJhwJh awmfvSefppforkdif;yg/ rif;NydKifawG[mrsm;aom tm;jzifhawmh ESray;orD;,l cspfMunfa&;eJY Nidrf;at;pGmaexkdifcJhMuwmyg/

cifAsm;wdk Y uRefawmfwdk Y&JU ya'o&mZfrif;Mwm;BuD;rsm; t½l;xvkdufykHu bk&ifjzpfvdkufNyDqkdwmeJY Ak'¨u rpifvkdpGefYypfcJhbl;wJh pMuFm0aw;rif; jzpfcsifMuw,f/ bmoma&;tpGJtvrf;,kHMunfrIeJY bk&m;avmif;jzpfcsifMuw,f/ tJ'geJYyJ wpfyg;EkdfifiHudk usL;ausmfppf e,fcsJUppfawGukd

wkdufMuav&JU/ pMuFm0Vmukd ykdifpkd;csifayoukd;/ aemuf bk&m; apwDykxdk;topfawG 'umcHaumif;rIjyKMuao;&JU/ bk&m;qkyefcsifoukd;/ urÇmhtajc taeacwftajctae EkdifiHpD;yGm;vufeuftiftm; t&yf&yft&pBuFm0aw;rif;rjzpf EkdifrSef;odNyD; wpfyg;EkdifiHudk &efrp&JMuayr,fh Armtpkd;&tqufqufrSm bk&m;topfwnfwJha&m*guawmh tjrpfwG,fusef&pfcJhav&JU/

vlrsKd;BuD;0g'udk tajccHNyD;a&;xm;wJhorkdif;awGrSm ppfAdkvfcsKyfubk&ifvkyfcJhwJh bk&ifhaemif&JUppfatmifyGJtvDvDudkom trTef;wifa&;xm;wm/ ppfAdkvfcsKyfbk&ifu ay:wmqGJNyD; ppfcsnf;wkdufaevdkY v,form;jynfolawGrSm v,frpdkufEkdif? ppfp&dwfaxmif;? aoMuaMuMu? qif;&JMuyfwnf;vmvdkYrcHr&yfEkdifjzpfNyD; bk&ifhaemif&JU/ yJcl; eef;awmfBuD;ukdvlxku qE´jyrD;½dIUypfvkdufwmMuawmh uRefawmfwkdYroifcJh&jyefbl;/

Arm ya'o&mZfacwftaMumif;axG&mav;yg; ajymaeMuwkef;rGef&Jabmfwpfa,muf u0ifaxmufw,f/ rif;wkdY yxrjrefrmEkdifiHawmfBuD;xlaxmifEkdifvdkufawmh igwkdY yxr rGefEdkifiHawmfBuD; ysufpD;&wmyJ/rif;wkdY 'kwd,axmifEkdifawmh igwkdY 'kwd,ysufpD;&wmyJwJh/ [kwfayoukd;/

uRefawmfwdkY 'Drdkua&pD jrwfEkd;olawGvnf; wkdif;&if;om;awGeJYtwl wkdif; Arm vlrsKd;BuD;0g' ArmppfwyfqdkwJh tawG;t,lawGudkenf;&Sif;jyaeMu&w,f/ rif;wkdYvdk yJ igwdkYajrjyefYArmawGvnf; tzdESdyftapmfum;cHae&wJhtaMumif; vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; uwnf;u r[mArmvlrsKd;BuD;0g'udk usifhokH;wJhol[m azmufjyefwJhtpkd;&tqufqufomjzpfaMumif; tcsuftvufeJY&Sif;jy&w,f/ tpkd;&ydkif;rSma&mufaewJhwdkif;&if;om; awG&Sdaeayr,fh olwdkYukd,fwkdifu tpkd;&&JU vlrsKd;BuD;0g'udka&ma,mifNyD; rodvdkufrodzmom axmufcHrdaeaMumif;ajymjy&w,f/ tJ'gaMumifhvnf; tpkd;&xdyfoD;t&m&Sd jzpfaewJhwkdif;&if;om;udk olUrsKd;wlwkdif;&if;om;uyJ vkyfBuHwmawG&SdcJhwmayghvdkY tawmfav;&Sif;jy&w,f/ (67)ppfawGqefvkyGJrSm &cdkifawGudkaoG;acsmif;pD;atmif ypfowfcJhwmvnf; &cdkkifwkdif;&if;om;AdkvfcsKyfygyJ/

ajymcJhovkdygyJ/ tckvuf&SdArmjynfajrykHBuD;ukd tJ'De,fedrdwfBuD;twkdif; ya'o&mZfacwfu b,fvlrsKd;pk&JU bk&ifwpfyg;yg;

urS wpfOD;wnf;ydkif rtkyfcsKyfcJhzl;bl;/ yk yif; tif; awmif anmif&rf;aemifukef;abmifESpf acwfcGJa&m/ usefppfom;eJYbk&ifhaemif tavmif;bk&m;eJYAE¨KvwkdYtwnfa&m/ b,fwpfa,mufurS wpfjynfvkH;BuD;rtkyfcsKyfEkdifcJhbl;/ ukd,fha'oeJYukd,f/ NrdKUjyEkdifiH rif;NydKifawG/ ya'o&mZfacwfuae vGwfvyfa&;&wJh (1948)ckESpftxd tmPmydkifwpfOD;wnf;&JUtkyfcsKyfrI atmufrSm State of Burma qkdNyD; e,fajrwpfpkwpfpnf;xJ

twGif;vlrsKd;pktm;vkH;pkaygif;vdkY twlwlaexkdifvmcJhMu wmr[kwfzl;/e,fajra'otvkduf vlrsKd;pktvkdufoD;jcm;pDwuGJwjym;aevmchJMuwm/tJ'g[m t"dutcsufyJ/

wpfpkwpfpnf;xJ pnf;vkH;nDnGwfNyD;om; wkdif;&if;om;awGudkt*Fvdyfe,fcsJUu tpdyfpdyfydkif;vdkY aoG;cGJtkyfcsKyfcJhwmr[kwfzl;/ &Sd&if;pGJuGJjym;aewJh wdkif;&if;om;awGudk rpkpnf;Edkifatmif aoG;rpnf;rdatmifcGJjcm;tkyfcsKyfcJhwmomjzpfaMumif; orkdif;rSmtxift&Sm;awGU&w,f/

t*FvdyfukdvdkeDe,fcsJU udkvdkeD&JUudk,fusKd;udkomMunhfNyD; wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd; e,fajrrsm;&JU aemufcHorkdif;aMumif; rwluGJjym;jcm;em;aewmudktaMumif;jyKvdkYwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;e,fajrrsm;ukd(4)ykdif;cJGjcm;owfrSwfcJhw,f/

(1) u&if? rGef? jrefrm? &cdkif vlrsKd;pkaexkdifwJha'oawGukd aygif;NyD;(Burma Proper)vdkYac:xm;w,f/ 'gaMumihf Armjynf? ArmEkdifiH&,fvdkYurÇmay:rSm pwifay:aygufokH;pGJvmwmjzpfw,f/ tJ'De,fajrudk t*Fvdyftpkd;&u wkduf½dkuftkyfcsKyfw,f/

('Dae&mrSmowdjyKrdwmu vlrsKd;udkjrefrm? wkdif;jynfukdArmvkdYokH;pGJcJhbl;wJh a&S;xkH;ukdyg)/

(2) u&ifeDapmzsme,frsm; (uEÅm&0wD? abmfvpJ? Muufzdk;BuD;pwJh apmfbGm;ydkif(3)e,f)ukd oD;jcm;vGwfvyfwJhe,fajrtjzpf owfrSwfxm;w,f/ u&ifeDqdkwm a,bl,sajym&&if tckvuf&Sd u,m;jynfe,fyg/

t*Fvdyfu Armjynfatmufydkif;udk odrf;ykdufNyD;awmh tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHawGeJY e,fjcm; pnf;owfrSwfcJhw,f/ t*Fvdyf[m taemufzufuaeta&SUzufukd e,fcsJUvmvkdufwm Armjynfukda&mufwJhtxd wNydKifeufxJjyifopfuvnf; ta&SUuae taemufzufudk e,fcsJUvmvkdufwm AD,ufeufavm uarÇm'D;,m;ukda&mufa&m/ t*Fvdyftkyfpkd; wJhe,fajreJYjyifopftkyfpkd;wJhe,fajrcsif;xdyfwkduf rxdawGU&avatmif Mum;rSm wkdif;jynfwpfjynf(Buffer Zone)&Sd oifhw,fvdkY t*Fvdyfu,lqNyD; u&ifeDe,fukdoD;jcm;vGwfvyfwJhe,fajr(EkdifiHwpfEdkifiH)&,fvdkY owfrSwfum rif;wkef;rif;&JU oabmwlnDcsufudk&,lcJhw,f/ Armjynfatmufydkif;udk tkyfcsKyfaewJh t*Fvdyftpkd;&&JU MoZmvnf; rvTrf;rkd;ap&/ txufArmjynfukdtkyfcsKyfaewJh rif;wkef;bk&if&JUtmPmpufvnf; roufa&mufap&/ oD;jcm;vGwfvyfaom EkdifiHtjzpf pmcsKyfpmwrf;t& (1875)rS (1948)txdu&ifeDjynfu &yfwnfcJ hbl;w,f/ u&ifeDjynf&JUvGwfvyfa&;udktodtrSwf jyKwJhpmcsKyfu (21?6?1875) tdEd,bk&ifcHcsKyf&JU ukd,fpm;vS,fqm a'guf uvyfazmhquf(Sir Douglas Forsyth)eJY jrefrm&Sifbk&ifrif;wkef;rif;&JUukd,fpm;vS,f EkdifiHjcm;a&;uif;0efrif;BuD;wdkY vufrSwfa&;xkd;cJhMuwmjzpfw,f/

(3) awmifBuD;? uavm? arNrdKU vm;½Id;? vGdKifvif? vGdKifarG?oHawmifpwhJ NrdKUawGukdawmh awmifay:pcef;NrdKUrsm;tjzpf oD;oefYtkyfcsKyfa&; xm;cJhw,f/

a&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&efa&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&efa&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&efa&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&efa&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&ef

Page 10: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

8

onfwpfywfaysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif&SmazGay;apcsifwJh SPY av;awGuawmh ...../

(1)jr§m; 7 pif; (2) tcsufjyrD; (3) pmwkdufykH; (4) rD;owfum; (5) bdvyfajrum; (6) a&mifpkHcJwH 4 acsmif;(7) pufbD;orm; (8) ta&;ay: rD;owfykduf (9) owdkYom;? owdkYorD; (10) &Jum;

&wemOD;vdIif&wemOD;vdIif&wemOD;vdIif&wemOD;vdIif&wemOD;vdIif

x k di f ;E k di fi Ha&;um;wkefvIyfzG,faumif;vSonf/ xkdif;'Drkdua&onfaemufqkH;awmhvnf; ppfwyfvufxJa&mufoGm;&onfr Smoifcef;pm,lwwfrnfqkdvQif,lcsif p & m j zp fon f /xdkif;ppfwyfrS tmPmodrf;jcif;rSm 19 Budrfajrmuf[kqkday&m? rdrdwdkYwkdif;jynfwGif ppfwyftmPmodrf;onfhtBudrft&nftwGufrSm vufig;acsmif;pmyifrjynfhao;[kqkd&rnf/ vuf&Sdxkdif;EkdifiHa&;tajctaerSm &SyfeD&Syf0gtm;vkH; &SyfjymjzpfoGm;NyD[kqdk&rnf/ xkdif;ppfwyfonf tmPmxdef;xm;onf[kqkd&mrS tmPmodrf;vkdufNyD[kqkday&m tm;vkH;yGJodrf;oGm;NyDjzpfonf/

&SyfeDvnf; bmrSr[kwfawmh&Syf0gvnf;bmrSrwwfEkdifawmh/ 'gaMumifh armfpDwkH;u ]]EkdifiHa&;tmPmqkdwmaoewfajymif;0u xGufw,f}}[k a[mudef;xkwfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ vQyfwpfjyuf?23 ?ar 2014 &efukefvQyfwpfjyuf?23 ?ar 2014 &efukefvQyfwpfjyuf?23 ?ar 2014 &efukefvQyfwpfjyuf?23 ?ar 2014 &efukefvQyfwpfjyuf?23 ?ar 2014 &efukef

vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fxlaxmif&mwGif i,f&G,folrsm;0ifa&mufvmMuonf/ rdom;pkvkyfief;uJhokdYnDtpfukdarmifESrrsm;ozG,f w&if;wESD;vkyfudkifMu&onfjzpf&mtkd;csif;xm;tdk;csif;xdNyD; tm0g[0d0g[ ukef

Muawmhonf/ odkYESifhwpfESpfwnf;rSmyifwpfwGJESifh wpfwGJ tm;usrcHr*FvmyGJqifETJMuonfjzpf&m vQyfwpfjyuf0efxrf;rsm;crsm r*FvmvufzGJUzkd;ESifh rGJawjymusukefMuawmhownf;/

rnfokdYjzpfap ]]cspfolwkdif; cspfEkdifMuygap}}[kvQyfwpfjyufrdom;pkrsm;uarwÅmykdYovdkuf&ayownf;/

Page 11: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

9

&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21jrefrmEkdifiHabmvkH; tzGJUcsKyfESifh atm&D'l;ukrÜPDwkdY yl;aygif;í

Ooredoo Cup 2014 zlq,fabmvkH;NydKifyGJukd usif;yrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/

zlq,fabmvkH;tm;upm;NydKifyGJukd rsKd;qufopfabmvkH;orm;upm;orm;rsm; ay:xGufvma&;ESifh EkdifiHwum zlq,fabmvkH;tm;upm;NydKifyGJrsm;wGif 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifEkdifa&;tm; &nf&G,fí usif;yjcif;jzpfaMumif;jrefrmEkdifiHabmvkH;tzGJUcsKyfwGJzuf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;OD;ukdudkodef;uajymonf/

]]NydKifyGJ0iftoif;awG[m NydKifyGJ0if½kHwifr[kwfbJ EkdifiHwumukd,SOfNydKifEkdifzkdYtwGuf jrefrmhvufa&G;pifzlq,fabmvkH;toif;zGJUzkdY apmifhMunhfNyD; a&G;cs,foGm;rSmjzpfw,f/ NydKifyGJ0if½kHwifr[kwfbJ jrefrmhvufa&G;pifabmvkH;orm;awGjzpfzdkYvnf; tcGifhtvrf;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f}}[k OD;ukdukdodef;u ajymonf/

zlq,fabmvkH;NydKifyGJukd vmrnfh arv 27 &ufaeYupwifí &efukefNrdKU ok0PÖrkd;vkHavvkHtm;upm;uGif;wGif usif;yrnfjzpfNyD; NydKifyGJ0iftoif; 42 oif; ,SOfNydKif&ef pm&if;ay;oGif;xm;um tkyfpk 8 tkyfpkí ,SOfNydKif&rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/

Ooredoo ukrÜPDrS vlrIqufqHa&;refae*sma':oD&dMumndKu ]]jrefrmjynfrSm eHygwf0rf;tm;upm;jzpfwJh abmvkH;tm;upm;ukd atmf&D'l;jrefrmtaeeJY axmufyHhay;&wJh &nf&G,fcsufu abmvkH;tm;upm;uae ay:aygufvmr,fh rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfawG&Sifoefwuf<uwmukd atm&D'l;jrefrmtaeeJY jzpfay:vmapcsifw,f}}[k ajymonf/

tkyfpk 8 pkcGJí ,SOfNydKif&rnfh Ooredoo Cup 2014 zlq,fabmvkH;tm;upm;NydKifyGJwGif yxrqk odef; 30? 'kwd,qk odef; 20? wwd,qk10 odef;? pwkw¬qk 5 odef;tjyif toefY&SifqkH;qk? *kd;oGif;trsm;qkH;qkESifh taumif;qkH;tm;upm;orm;qkwdkYukdvnf; csD;jr§ifhoGm;rnfjzpfonf/zlq,fabmvkH;tm;upm;NydKifyGJukd jrefrmEkdifiHwGif 2005 ckESpfu pwifíusif;ycJhaMumif; od&onf/

PK

Ooredoo Cup 2014zlq,fabmvkH;NydKifyGJusif;yrnf

bDbDpDr*¾Zif;rS owif;ya[Vdu@wGif urÇmay:wGif vQyfwpfjyufjzpfysufaecJhaom wpfywftwGif;&Sdtjzpftysufrsm;ukd trsm;jynfolpmzwfolrsm; tb,frQavhvmrdonfukd pkpnf;wifjyxm;&m tusKd;vnf;rsm;í OD;aESmufvnf; tpmaumif;auR;apaom u@av;wpf&yfukdwifjyxm;ygonf/ BudK;pm;MuygOD;/

1/ Doctor Who Zmwfum;rS o½kyfaqmifa[mif; David Tennat[m ITV &JU Braodchurch Zmwfvrf;ukdjyefvnf½dkuful;onfh GracepointZmwfum;wGif o½kyfaqmifyHkESifhywfoufí a0zefcHae&onf/ rnfonfhNrdKU\xif&Sm;xl;jcm;onfh av;av;yifyiftoHxGufukd twkckd;cJhoenf;/

(1) Alabama(2) Califoria(3) New Jersey

2/ Game of Thrones \ pma&;q&m George PR Martin onfol\pma&;om;&mwGif rnfonfhenf;ynmtm;jzifh acwfrrDawmhaomt&monf ta&;ygaomt&mwpfck[k xkwfazmfajymMum;cJ honf/rnfonfht&menf;/

(1) DO S uGefysLwm(2) Fax puf(3) uufqufacG&Daumf'g(4) Remingtan vufESdyfpuf

3/ uae'gEkdifiH Calgory NrdKU&Sd *syefpm;aomufqkdifwpfckonfol\aMumfjimyHkwpfckaMumifh owif;acgif;pD;ykdif;ygonftxd qGJaqmifEkdifcJhonf/ uae'ga':vm(5)a':vm avQmhaps;ukd rnfonfhtwGufukdavQmhay;rnf[kaMunmoenf;/

(1) tpm;taomuf"mwfyHkr½dkufjcif;(2) aumif;rGefpGmaexkdifpm;aomufaomuav;rsm;(3) em&D0uftwGif; tjyifoGm;vdkuf? jyef0ifvm vdkufvkyfjcif;

4/ ,lauEkdifiH Hertfordshire NrdKUwGif xGufajy;vGwfajrmufoGm;aom iSufBuD;0Hykdwpfaumiftm; ypfcwfí zrf;qD;vdkufonf/ ol\½kyfuvmyft<uif;tusefukd bmvkyfrnf[kqkdoenf;/

(1) tpmoGyfí ½kyfvHk;<uapum Knebwarth House wGifxm;rnhf(2) Royal Veterinary College wGif pHkprf;ppfaq;rI jyKpOf(3) 0uftlacsmif;rsm;tjzpf toGifajymif;umtoHk; jyKrnf

5/ *smreDEkdifiHtaemufykdif;&Sd Essen NrdKUwGif tpDtpOfwpfcktm;tjiif;yGm;zG,fjzpfcJhonf/ t&uform;rsm;ESifh rl;,pfaq;pGJaeolrsm;ukdbmvkyfvQif bD,mtvum;wdkufrnf[kqkdoenf;/

(1) urÇmvSnfhc&D;oGm;*kduf[efaqmifjcif;jzifh(2) wpfywfwdwd 0rf;enf;jyjcif;jzifh(3) vrf;rsm;tm;oefY&Sif;a&;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh

6/ aqmf'Dtma&;AD;,m;EkdifiHwGif jynfolvlxkrsm;onf tmPmykdifrsm;ukdqefYusifí rnfonfhwd&pämefrsm;erf;aejcif;ukd ½kyf&Sif½dkuful;cJhoenf;/

(1) opfukvm;tkwf(2) awmifqdwf(3) a>rayG;

7/ vdyfrsm;onf ---- tawGUtBuHKrSavhvmoifMum;,lMuonf/

(1) arsmygjcif;(2) tcGH(3) tvkyf

wpfaeYaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\ rdwfaqGBuD;ESpfOD;onf ½kd;&mwpfaeYaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\ rdwfaqGBuD;ESpfOD;onf ½kd;&mwpfaeYaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\ rdwfaqGBuD;ESpfOD;onf ½kd;&mwpfaeYaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\ rdwfaqGBuD;ESpfOD;onf ½kd;&mwpfaeYaomtcg uREkfyfwkdY\ rdwfaqGBuD;ESpfOD;onf ½kd;&m

rysuf tifwmeufqkdifwGif xkdifNyD;oumv pum;vkH;rsm;rysuf tifwmeufqkdifwGif xkdifNyD;oumv pum;vkH;rsm;rysuf tifwmeufqkdifwGif xkdifNyD;oumv pum;vkH;rsm;rysuf tifwmeufqkdifwGif xkdifNyD;oumv pum;vkH;rsm;rysuf tifwmeufqkdifwGif xkdifNyD;oumv pum;vkH;rsm;

azmif;yGaeMuacsawmh\/azmif;yGaeMuacsawmh\/azmif;yGaeMuacsawmh\/azmif;yGaeMuacsawmh\/azmif;yGaeMuacsawmh\/

OD;ygyOD;ygyOD;ygyOD;ygyOD;ygy

AsKdU q&mBuD; &efukef-aejynfawmftjrefvrf;ukd or®wBuD;

udk,f wkdifqif;NyD;MunfhowJhaemf/

O D;tm*OD;tm*OD;tm*OD;tm*OD;tm*

[m! 'guawmh aumif;wJhvu©PmayghAsm/ or®wBuD;udk,f

wkdifqif; MunfhNyD;&ifawmh aemufxyftJonfhvrf;ay:rSm

um;arSmufNyD; aop&mr&Sdawmhbl;qkdwJh oabmvm;As/

OD;ygyOD;ygyOD;ygyOD;ygyOD;ygy

[! bmqkdifwkef;As/ or®wBuD;ukd,fwkdif tJonfhtjrefvrf;

awGukd qif;Munfh½kHeJY um;awGrarSmufawmhbl;/ vlawGrao

awmhbl;vkdY cifAsm; ukd b,foluajymvJ or®wBuD;vm;? odMum;

rif;vm; .../

OD;tm*OD;tm*OD;tm*OD;tm*OD;tm*

wdbl;avAsm ...? usKyfwkdYor®wBuD;u &efukef-aejynf

awmf tjrefvrf;ukdawmh udk,fwdkifqif;MunhfNyD; qE´jyyGJawG?

oydwfarSmufyGJawGusawmh bmaMumifhudk,fwkd,f qif;rMunfh

wmvJAs/

OD;ygyOD;ygyOD;ygyOD;ygyOD;ygy

a[hvlawmfawmf cifAsm;eJ Yae&if usKyfyJ 505(c)eJ Y

nm;aetkef;r,f vpfNyDAsKdU ..../

(okd YESif h olwkd YESpfOD;onf xkH;pHtwkdif; ...../)(okd YESif h olwkd YESpfOD;onf xkH;pHtwkdif; ...../)(okd YESif h olwkd YESpfOD;onf xkH;pHtwkdif; ...../)(okd YESif h olwkd YESpfOD;onf xkH;pHtwkdif; ...../)(okd YESif h olwkd YESpfOD;onf xkH;pHtwkdif; ...../)

Page 12: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

10

,ciftywfrStquf,ciftywfrStquf,ciftywfrStquf,ciftywfrStquf,ciftywfrStqufuRefawmfwkdYa&mufoGm;csdefwGif &GmysufBuD;wpfckvdk a[Gzvmonf

Nidrfqdwfvsuf? tcsKdUaom ae&mrsm;wGifom vIyf&Sm;rIawGUae&onf/vufBuD;orm;rsm;u vufukefEdIufí wpfae&m&mwGif oGm;a&mufprf;oyfae[ef&Sdonf/ xl;jcm;onfrSm aqGrsKd;aygufazmfrsm;rsm;pm;pm; rawGU&jcif;jzpfonf/ odyfrsufpdrusonfhoabmayyJvm; rajymwwf? aqGrsKd;aygufazmfenf;enf;yg;yg;om&Sdonf[k qkdonf/ trsm;pkrSm vufa0cHjyefvnfiSg;&rf;í vkyfukdifaeMuonfh oabm? aocsmonfu a&Txuf?rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifh iSufzsm;uykdí aocsmonf[kqkdonf/ txl;ojzifholckd;ykdaygvmonf[k qkdonf/ bdef;pm;rsm;vmonfhoabm/ a[GzvmwEkdifwydkifa&TusifaeMuonfh oabmawGU&onf/ cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSmawmhnd§K;ajcmufaeonfh opfyifBuD;rsm;um; toufiifvsuf/

]]tJonfhtyifawGu aooGm;wJhoabmyJ/ bmtyifxyfpdkufpkdufaygufp&mvrf;ukdrjrifawmhbl;&SdwJh tyifawGvnf;aoaerSawmh ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;qkdwm b,folrS pdwf0ifrpm;Muawmhbl;/ t&if;r½IH;atmifvkyfae&wmeJY ½IyfaeMu&wm}}[k qkdolu qkdonf/

uRefawmfwkdYawGUcJhaom vli,fwpfOD;u rdbxHrS ykdufqHawmif;umudk,fydkifa&T&Smaejcif;jzpfonf/ a&T&Ekdifao;onfh oabm? okdYaomfa&Tum; ajrBuD;xJrSmyifajy;onfhoabm&Sday&m? vkdufava0;avjzpfaeavavsmhoavm;/ wpfae&ma&mufawmh trsKd;orD;wpfOD;ukd awGU&onf/ xrif;csuf? t0wfavQmf? a&Tusif&onf[k qkdonf/ &Srf;wkdif;&if;oljzpfonf/ oli,fcsif;ukdrif;armfu vcb,favmuf&vJ[kar;umolUvdyfpmuwfxkwfay;onf/ uRef;ay:ukdac:oGm;r,f? &Gmwnfay;r,fb,fESpfa,muf&SdvJvmcJhMu[k tm;yg;w&ajymaejyefonf/

olu Nrdwf? aumhaomif;bufwGif uRef;wpfuRef;0,fum [kdw,faqmufzdkY jyifqifaeol? wkdif;&if;om;rsm;ukd &GmwnfNyD; tvkyftudkifay;zdkYBudK;yrf;aeol? vwfwavm olUuRef;ay:rSmvnf; tkyfpkzGJUusL;ausmfolawG&Sdaeojzifh aoewfukdifum uif;apmifhae&onfh oabm/

&Srf;wkdif;&if;olav;u a&TawmwGif pdwfylp&mr&Sd[efwlonf/ tquftoG,fESifha&mufvm[ef&Sdonf/ w&Gmrajymif;olaumif;rjzpf[k,lqavavsmhovm;? olav;uawmh a&T&jcif;r&jcif;rSm olESifhrqkdif[kqdkonf/ a&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&efa&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&efa&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&efa&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&efa&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&ef

Page 13: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

11

tydkif; (13)

Page 14: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

12

(1)owif;rD'D,m Oya'ukd 2014

ar 14 &ufwGif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;vdkufonf/

(2)owif;r D' D,morm;rsm;\

&ykdifcGifhrsm;ukd tcef; 3 wGif wduspGm zGifhqkdxm;onfrSm pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;vSonf/

tcef; 3tcef; 3tcef; 3tcef; 3tcef; 3owif;rD'D,morm;rsm;\owif;rD'D,morm;rsm;\owif;rD'D,morm;rsm;\owif;rD'D,morm;rsm;\owif;rD'D,morm;rsm;\

&ykdifcGif hrsm;&ykdifcGif hrsm;&ykdifcGif hrsm;&ykdifcGif hrsm;&ykdifcGif hrsm;4/ owif;rD'D,morm;rsm;

onf -(u) Oya'jyKa&;? tkyfcsKyf

a&;ESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;qkdif&mwkdY\v k y f ie f ; aqmi f & Gu f r I r s m ;u k dzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifhtnD vGwfvyfpGma0zef? axmufjy? tBuHjyKa&;om;cGifh&Sdonf/

(c) EkdifiHom;wkdif; odcGifh&Sdaomowif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESif h oabmxm;tjrifrsm;ukd usifh0wfpnf;urf;ESifhtnDpkHprf;? azmfxkwfa&;om;cGifhESifh owif;xkwfvTifh cGifhwdkY&Sdonf/

(*) EkdifiHom;wpfOD;\ tcGifhta&; qkH;½IH;rIqkdif&m udpö&yfrsm;ukdazmfxkwfa&;om;cGifh&Sdonf/

(C) oufqkdif&m Xme? tzGJUtpnf;u owfrSwfxm;aom pnf;urf;ESifhtnD tpkd;&½kH;? Xme? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif owif;tcsuftvuf &,lcGifh? ae&mxkdifcif;&cGifhESifh 0ifxGufoGm;vmcGifhwdkY &Sdonf/

5/ owif;rD'D,mvkyfief;\ xkwfa0pmonf pdppfjcif;rS uif;vGwfcGifh&Sdonf/

6/ owif;rD'D,morm;wpfOD;onf -(u) Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap? tmPmykdiftzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf&yf

ujzpfap trdefYñTefMum;csufjzifh vkHNcKHa&;tqifhtwef;owfrSwfxm;aom pm&if;Z,m;? "mwfykH? rSwfwrf;a&;om;csufrsm;rSty trsm;jynfolodcGifh&Sdaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ukd oufqkdif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;xHrS awmif;,lMunfh½IcGifh&Sdonf/

(c) trsm;jynfol\ &efykHaiGjzifh zGJUpnf;xm;aom tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtoif;? tzGJU? vkyfief;rsm;rS owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ukd yk'frcGJ (u)yg

jy|mef;csufESifhtnD awmif;,lMunfh½IcGifh&Sdonf/

7/ owif;rD'D,morm;wpfOD;onf ppfrufjzpfyGm;&ma'o? ta&;tcif;? t"du½kPf;? trsm;jynfolqE´jky&m ae&ma'owkdYü oufqkdif&m wm0ef&SdtzGJUtpnf;u owfrSwfxm;aom pnf;urf;rsm;ESif htnDowif;&,lpOfwGif -

(u) vkHNcKHa&;qkdif&m tzGJUtpnf; wpf&yf&yf\ zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;? owif;rSwfwrf;ponfhowif;&,ljcif;ESifh oufqkdifaomud&d,mrsm;ukdodrf;,lcH&jcif;ESifhzsufqD;cH&jcif;wdkYrS uif;vGwfap&rnf/

(c) vk H NcK Ha&;qk dif&m tzG J Utpnf;rsm;&Sdu ,if;wkdY\ umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIukdawmif;cHcGifh&Sdap&rnf/

8/ owif;rD'D,morm;wpfOD;onf -

(u) usif h0wfESif htnD rdrdtrnfukd xkwfazmfajymqkdí owif;&,l&rnf/ okdY&mwGif trsm;jynfolESifh oufqkdifaom udpö&yfrsm;jzpfonfh jynfolUusef;rma&;?jynfolwkdY\ ab;uif;vkHNcKHa&;ESifh

obm0ywf0ef; usifwkdYukd xdckdufapEkdifaom udpö&yfrsm;? Oya'jyKa&;?tkyfcsKyfa&;? w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh vlrIpD;yGm;a&;qkdif&maqmif&Gufcsufrsm;wGifrrSefruef aqmif&GufrIrsm;? tusifhysufjcpm;rIrsm;ukd azmfxkwf&efrjzpfraepkH;prf; &rnfh owif;jzpfygu owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESif htnDoufqkdif&m t,f'Dwm \ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh trnfrazmfjybJ pkHprf;cGifh&SdNyD;xdkokdYaqmif&GufcJhaMumif; udk azmfjyay;&rnf/

(c) þOya'yg jy|mef;csuf wpf&yf&yfjzifh ta&;,lcH&aom trIwGif w&m;½kH;\ trdefYt& r[kwfbJ owif;rD'D,mqkdif&m vkyfief;okH;ypönf;rsm;ukd odrf;qnf;jcif;? csdyfydwfjcif;ESifh zsufqD;jcif;wkdYrS uif;vGwfcGifh&&Sdap&rnf/

(3)owif;rD'D,mOya'ukd EkdifiHawmfor®wu zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'

t& vufrSwfa&;xkd;onf[k od&Sd&onf/ owif;rD'D,morm;rsm;onfvufawGUwGif olwkdY\ &ydkifcGifhrsm; wu,f&aeMuNyDvm;[k ÓmPfrrDpGmpOf;pm;Munhfaerdygawmhonf/ jrwfck difjrwfck difjrwfck difjrwfck difjrwfck dif

Face Book ay:wGif emrnfBuD;aeaom tqkdawmfwifZmarmf\ ydefenf;rSm pdwf0ifpm;olrsm;vSonf/ wifZmarmf\ Status tjzpf Face Bookay:wGif awGU&jcif;jzpfonf/ a&a0;vkdae&mrsKd;rSmyif wifZmarmf\ydefenf;taMumif; pdwf0ifwpm;ajymqkdaeMuonfhtwGuf rQa0ay;vkdufygonf/

udkif; tpm;xdef;wmwpfckxJeJY 5 veD;yg;twGif; avhusifhcef;rvdk ydefaq;rvdkbJ 0dwfusedkifw,fqdkwm,HkNyDvm;/ 'DZifbmvvnf2013 rSm aygifcsdef160 eD;yg;uae arvvnf 2014 rSm 123 aygifusefw,fqufBudK;pm;r,fAsdK;/ aemufxyf10aygifavmufus&ifawmfNyD/

enf;av;yga&;ay;yg&ap wcsdKUawGuar;vdkY/ 'DrSmyJxyfa&; vdkufNyDaemf wGJNyD;wcgxJawGUatmif/

1/ qef? *sKH? tmvl;? a&Smif 'gayr,fh odyfpm;csif&if wpfywfvHk;rSm 3 cgavmufyJ eJeJav;pm;

2/ toD;tESHrsm;rsm;jyKwfaomuf qDeJeJeJYokwfpm;3/ qDaMumfpm vHk;0a&Smif4/ qDrsm;tom; ig;uvGJ&ifa&Smif Muufudk ta&cGHrpm;eJY5/ wwfediforQ tjyifpm? ESajrmpm? tm;empma&Smif6/ AdkufqmrS tqmajy½kHpm; eJeJpDcPcPpm;7/ reufuaentdyf&m0ifwJhxd oHyk&moD; 1 vHk;(odkY) 2vHk; a& aEG;ylylxJn§pf tcGHrypfyJpdrfaomuf

ysm;&nfeJeJxnfhcsifvJ&w,f/8/ t&rf;ta&;tBuD;qHk;tcsuf tpmtdrfrxdatmif vHk;0tqmrcHygeJYpm;&r,fh tcsdefqmr,fhtcsdef

rSm pm;oifhwmudk vdkwmxyfydkrpm;bJ qmwdkif rQwNyD;pm;zdkYta&;BuD;ygw,f/ 'DtpDtpOfrSmtiwfcHp&mrvdkpm;oifhwmpm;zdkY owdcsyfyg/

9/ Ready made tea coffee raomufbJ tdrfazsmfoMum;vbuf&nfZGef;0ufeJY tqDxkwfEkdYyJoHk;tcsdKBudKuf&if oMum;tpm; sweetner oHk;/

aemufxyfowd&&if xyfa&;OD;r,faemf/aygif 160 rS aygif 123 txd 0dwfcsEkdifonfqkdjcif;rSm tHhMozG,f/ YOH

pDpOfolukdyD;ay:rS vlBuD;vlaumif; 10 OD;ESifh oDcsif;qkdyGJwpfyGJ usif;yrnf[kqkdum pme,fZif;rsm;ukdtoday;yGJwpf&yfjyKvkyfcJhonf/ 2014 ar 22 &ufaeYv,f &efukef AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;ay:&SdCentral Hotel wGif usif;yaom pme,fZif;today;yGJukd 0g&ifhtqkdawmfBuD;rsm;u wav;wpm;wufa&mufí pme,fZif;rsm;ukd awGUqkHcJhonf/ pme,fZif;rsm;ESifh tvSrf;uGmaeaom a0rkd;? pdefopfwkdYukdawGU&onf/ olwkdY\ oDcsif;a[mif;rsm;ukdyifem;axmifcGifhBuKHcJhonf/

a0rkd;u tqkdygtcrf;tem;wGif ol\aus;Zl;&Sifq&m aZmfrif;av;[k xkwfajymoGm;onf/wpfcsdef[m emrnfBuD;cJhonfh tqkdawmfrsm;ukd pifay:odkY wifay;zkYdY ukdyD;ay:ukdawmif;qdkoGm;onf/bkdbkd[ef? uHhaumfawmrsKd;atmifwdkYuvnf; xl;xl;jcm;jcm;wifqufMurnf[kqkd onf/

ukdyD;ay:u vufrSwf 3 aqmif0,fvQif? trsKd;om;Zmwf½kHtay:xyfrS vufrSwfwpfapmifukdtrsKd;om;Zmwf½kHt0if*dwfwGif xkwf,lEkdifrnf[kqdkonf/ onfyGJjzpfajrmufzdk YtwGuf oludk,fwkdifaiGaMu;rsm; pkaqmif;um BudK;yrf;xm;jcif;[kqkdonf/ pdkif;qkdifarmpfonfyifvQif onfyGJtwGufoD;jcm;ta&mufvmrnf[kqkdonf/ xl;jcm;onfrSm trsKd;om;tqkdawmfBuD; 10 OD;ESifh usif;yjcif;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf wpfcsdefu*pfwmukd,fwkdifwD;cwfum oDcsif;ukd oDcsif;vkdoDqdkcJhMuolrsm;jzpfonf/olwkdYonf *kPfodu©m&Sdaom vlBuD;vlaumif;rsm;jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf oDcsif;udk ckcsdeftxdzufwG,f&ifckefaeolrsm;jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf olwdkYacwfukd wefzdk;&Sd&Sd *kPfodu©m&Sd&SdxlaxmifEkdifcJholrsm;jzpfonf/olwdkYonf ..../

"mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - Nyi Nyi

&efukef? ar(19)&efukef? ar(19)&efukef? ar(19)&efukef? ar(19)&efukef? ar(19)KMD Computer Group rS BuD;rSL;usif;yaom Job Fair 2014 ukd

(2014)ckESpf? ar(19)&ufwGif &efukefNrdKU? jynfvrf;ay:&Sd KMD CentreüjyKvkyfusif;ycJh&m tvkyfavQmufvTmaygif;(500)ausmfukd wpfcg wnf;vlawGUar;jref;jcif;wkdYukd aqmif&GufEkdifcJhaMumif;awGU&onf/

xkd Job Fair 2014 wGifyg0ifaomukrÜPDBuD;rsm;rSm KMD , MIT,Royal Net, Myanmar CP Stock, Ayar Swan Ah, Hauwei, Giga GatesESifh Mango ponfhukrÜPDBuD;rsm;yg0ifaMumif;od&onf/

]]yxrqHk;tBudrfusif;yjyKvkyfwmjzpfygw,f/ vma&mufavQmufxm;ol ausmif;om;rsm;ukd rdrdBudKufESpfouf&mukrÜPDrsm;wGif tvkyf0ifcGifhavQmufxm;NyD; wpfcgwnf; vlawGUar;jref;ajzqkdEkdif&efpDpOfxm;ygw,f/ ausmif;ol^ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf KMD rSm ynmoifMum;½Hkr[kwfbJ vuf&SdatmifjrifaewJhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSm tvkyftukdif tcGifhtvrf;rsm;&&SdEkdifatmif aqmif&Gufay;cJhwmyg/ ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh vkyfief;cGifwpfckpD\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukdod&SdEkdifap&efESifh vkdtyfonfrsm;uk d BudKwif jyifqifxm;&ef&nf& G,fygw,f}}[k KMDComputer Group, NCC Education Department r S re fae*sma':rkd;ykvJrS ajymcJhonf/

KMD rS taumif;qHk;aom0efaqmifrIrsm;jzifh NCC EducationwGif wpfurÇmvHk;qk&Sif (29)OD;? tm&Sa'otwGif; trSwftrsm;qHk;qk&Sif(33)OD;ESifh xl;cRefausmif;om;(259)OD;ukd arG;xkwfay;cJhaMumif;od&onf/ pk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkuf

tvkyfavQmufvTmaygif;(500)ausmfukd wpfcgwnf;vlawGYar;jref;avQmufxm;EkdifatmifpDpOfay;cJUonfU Job Fair 2014

Page 15: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

13

1/ (2) Califoria2/ (1) DO S uGefysLwm3/ (2) aumif;rGefpGmaexkdifpm;aomufaomuav;rsm;4/ (3) 0uftlacsmif;rsm;tjzpf toGifajymif;umtoHk;jyKrnf5/ (3) vrf;rsm;tm;oefY&Sif;a&;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh6/ (1) opfukvm;tkwf7/ (1) arsmygjcif;

jrefrmoHpOf aw;oH&Sif aZmfrsKd;xuf\ rkdYjrifhxufu *kPfBuD;&Sif aw;pD;&D;rdwfqufyGJusif;ycJhxJokdY a&mufvmwmyg/ yxraw;pD;wkef;uvnf;jrefrmoHpOfoDcsif; a[mif;awGygyJ/ jyefqkdaw;awGyg/ 'DacGrSmemrnfBuD; oDcsif;a[mif;awGukd jyefqkdxm;wmyg/ topfwpfyk'fyJygygw,f/oDcsif;trnfu &Sifavmif;vSnfhvdkY vmNyDaemfvdkY ac:ygw,f/ pkHwGJoDcsif;awGudkyef;tdjzL? tdtdcRefwkdYu yg0ifoDqkday;xm;ygw,f}}[k aw;oH&SifaZmfrsKd;xufu vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fokdY ajymcJhonf/

jrefrmoHpOf aw;oH&Sifxm;u]]jrefrmrIukd cspfjrwfEkd;wJh vli,fawGukdvufqifhurf;NyD; BudKqkdygw,f/ jrefrm*DwudkcspfwJhvli,fawGvnf; trsm;BuD;

ay:xGufapcsifygw,f}}[k vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fukd ajymcJhonf/aw;oH&SifaZmfrsKd;xuf\ rkd;jrifhxufu *kPfBuD;&Sifaw;pD;&D;ukd

'g½kdufwmukd0PÖ(rEÅav;)u ½kduful;ykHazmfxm;NyD; aw;oH&Sifzkd;aomMumwkdY\ a&TykHaw;xkwfvkyfa&;rS jzefYcsdcJhonf/ aw;a&;q&mBuD;rsm;jzpfMuaom eef;awmfa&SUq&mwiftvuFmausmfpGma&Tjynfat;? OD;at;ausmf(uHNrJ)? pE´&m;vSxG#f? pdefarmifjrifh? armifMunfwkd;? pE´&m;nDnDatmifESifharmifrif;qef;wdkY\ oDcsif;a[mif;rsm;ukd jyefvnfoDqkdxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

pkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkuf

&efukef ar 22&efukef ar 22&efukef ar 22&efukef ar 22&efukef ar 22jrefrmoHpOfaw;oH&Sif aZmfrsKd;xuf\ 'kwd,ajrmufwpfudk,fawmf

jzpfaom rkd;jrifhxufu *kPfBuD;&Sif aw;pD;&D;rdwfqufyGJukd &efukefNrdKUr[mAE¨Kvyef;NcH&Sd Orchid Hotel ü 2014 ckESpf ar 22 &uf aeYvnf2 em&DwGif jyKvkyfcJh&m jrefrmoHpOfaw;oH&Sifrsm;jzpfMuaom tqkdawmfxm;? &D&DoefYESifh OD;armifarmifBuD;wdkYu trSmpum;ajymMum;cJhonf/

]]uRefawmfu i,fi,fuwnf; jrefrmoHpOfukd BudKufygw,f/rEÅav;NrdKUrSmaeygw,f/ NrdKUraw;*DwtzGJUrSm oDqkd&if;eJY *Dwavmu

q,fausmfoufrdef;uav;oHk;a,mufeJhzGJYpnf;xm;wJU Super Models 'DAD'Dukd ar 3 &ufaehrSmjzefhcsdrnf/

&efukef ar 22&efukef ar 22&efukef ar 22&efukef ar 22&efukef ar 22jrefrmvli,fy&dowfrsm; tm;ay;rIukd &&Sdxm;wJh q,fausmfouf

rdef;uav;okH;a,mufzGJUpnf;xm;wJh Super Models aw;*DwtzGJU&JU 'DAD'Daw;pD;&D;ukd 2014 ckESpf ar 31 &ufrSm bkdbkdaw;xkwfvkyfa&;rS jzefYcsdrSmjzpfNyD; ZGef 1 &ufaeY nae 5 em&DavmufrSm vIdifom,m Apfwkd;&D;,m;rSm y½kdrdk;&Sif;jyKvkyfoGm;r,fvdkY Super Models tzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfol yef;tdu vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fokdY ajymcJhygw,f/

]]'DtacG&JU acgif;pOfjzpfwJh Super Models trnfoDcsif;ukd ½kduful;cJhwm ukefusaiG 45 odef;txd&SdcJhygw,f/ wpfacGvkH;ukdvnf; taumif;qkH;? trkdufqkH;jzpfatmifpDpOf½kduful;cJhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tvef;vGefoGmwJhoDcsif;wpfyk'fukd qifqmjzKwfwmcHcJh&wJhtwGuf pdwfraumif;jzpf&ygw,f/ y&dowfBuD;udkvnf; awmif;yefygw,f/ CD rSmwkef;u 12 yk'fyg0ifayr,fh 'DAD'Dxkwfvmawmh 11 yk'fyJygvmvkdYyg}}vkdY yef;tdu qkd

vkdrjzpfatmif pDpOfxm;wm&Sdvm; ar;jref;rIukd ajzqkdcJholuawmh SuperModels rS qkeE´ atmifyJ jzpfygw,f/

]]uRefrwkdY okH;a,mufrSm pmcsKyfawGr&Sdbl;/ uefYowfrIawG r&Sdygbl;/ uRefrwdkYu rdrdBudKufESpfoufwJh tEkynmawGukd tjyifrSm vkyfcGifh&Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tzGJU&JU vIyf&Sm;rIawGukd OD;pm;ay;&r,fvdkY oabmwlnDrIvkyfxm;Muygw,f}} qkeE´atmifu qkdygw,f/

Super Models DVD tm; pme,fZif;rsm;xH rdwfquftyfESHwJh tcrf;tem;ukd 2014 ckESpf ar 22 &ufaeYrSm &efukefNrdKU? r[mAE¨Kvyef;NcHvrf;&Sd Orchid Hotel rSm jyKvkyfcJhygw,f/ xdkaw;pD;&D;rSm aw;a&;rsm;tjzpf om;om;? &J&ifhatmif? rdk;rkd;? ausmfxG#faqGESifh a*smuf*sufwkdYyg0ifNyD; 'g½kdufwm atmifjrwf? pnfolcsKdBuD;? xuf&ef? 0if;vGifxufESifhwl;ykdifaZmfOD;u ½kduful;ykHazmfxm;ygw,f/

pkd;pHxkdufpkd;pHxkdufpkd;pHxkdufpkd;pHxkdufpkd;pHxkduf

ygw,f/]]uRefrwdkY okH;a,mufu wifrkd;vGif

qDrSm oifwef;wuf&if; oli,fcsif; jzpfvmcJhwmyg/ aemufykdif;tqdkoifwef;awGtwl wufvmawmh okH;a,mufaygif;rdoGm;wmyg/ 'gawGrvkyfcifuawmh pD;&D;awGrSm ryg0ifcJhzl;ygbl;/ okH;a,mufpvkH;yxrqkH;tawGUtBuKHjzpfygw,f/ vkdtyfcsuf awG&SdcJh&ifvnf; cGifhvTwfay;zdkYawmif;qkdcsifygw,f}}[k ajymcJ holuawmh Super Models tzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfolacrmyJjzpfygw,f/

t&ifwkef;uvnf; jrefrmEkdifiHrSmrdef;uav;aw;*DwtzGJUawG&SdcJh zl;w,f/wpfcsdefus&if cGJoGm;wmrsm;ygw,f/ tJ'D

LS Auto Showroom &efukefwGif zGifhrnfqdkonf/ MG um;topfrsm;ukd jynfwGif;ü vG,fulpGmaps;EIef;rSefpGm 0,f,l&&SdEkdifrnf[kqkdonf/ MG (Morris Garages)um;rsm;onf England Brand jzpfNyD; vuf&Sdxkwfvkyfxm;onfhum;trsm;pkonf NydKifum;rsm;wGifyg0ifonfhpepfrsm;ukd tajccHí aygif;pyfxkwfvkyfxm;jcif;jzpfrnf[k qkdonf/ tvm;wlServices Center rsm;ukdvnf; trsm;tjym;zGifhvSpfEkdif&ef &nf&G,fxm;onf[kqkdonf/ Customer rsm;0,f,lvkdaom aiGaMu;yrmPtvdkuf ESpfouf&m MG um;trsKd;tpm;topfwkdYukdvufiif;aomfvnf;aumif;? t&pfusaiGay;pepfjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;? bPfrsm;ESifhcsdwfqufa&mif;csay;rnfjzpfNyD;3 ESpftmrcHay;jcif;vdktyfaom puftykdypönf;rsm;ukd csufcsif;0,f,lEkdifjcif; uRrf;usifaom pufjyifq&mrsm;u tcsdefwdktwGif;jyKjyifaqmif&Gufay;jcif;rsm;pDpOfxm;rnf[kqkdonf/

tqkdygtoday;yGJukd 2014 ar 11 &ufaeYvnfykdif;u&efukefqD'kdem;[kdw,frif;wkef;cef;rwGif jyKvkyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

LS Auto um;ukrÜPDonf trSwf 351 jynfvrf;? prf;acsmif;? [Hom0wDt0kdif;teD;wGif ta&mif;jycef;zGifhvSpfum a&mif;csoGm;rnf[k

YOH"mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - ZMN

vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fokdY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuvQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fokdY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuvQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fokdY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuvQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fokdY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuvQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fokdY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuonfrsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wifí .....onfrsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wifí .....onfrsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wifí .....onfrsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wifí .....onfrsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wifí .....

vQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyufvQyfwpfjyuf[kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuyg cifAsm .../[kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuyg cifAsm .../[kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuyg cifAsm .../[kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuyg cifAsm .../[kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fuyg cifAsm .../aMomf Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJvm;? [kwfuJh NyD;jyefava&m

wpfyGJvkdYqkd&rSmaygh cifAsm/ [kwfuJh aemufwpfyGJu wmcsDvdwfwJhajymwmyJ ajymwmyJavAsm? [kwfuJh Asm 2015 a&G;aumufyGJtrDawmif Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJu NyD;qkH;Ekdifr,fvkdY rxifbl;wJhvm;/ cifAsm bmjzpfvkdYwkef;As/ aMomf Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJukdor®wBuD;udk,fwkdif0ifxkdifNyD; rajymao;vkdYwJhvm;? aMomfa':atmifqef;pkMunfvnf; ygzdkYvkdw,faygh? aMomf EkdifiHwumukdvnf; zdwfzdkYvkdw,fayghaemf? aMomf [kwfuJh [kwf uJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJp&dwfawGvm;/ aMomf 'guawmh bwf*suf owfrSwfcsuf&Sd?r&Sd wynfhawmfwkdYvnf; ravQmufwwfygbl;Asm/[kwfuJh [kwfuJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;ukdawmh tm;vkH;uvkdvm; MurSmygAsm? [kwfuJhAsm Nidrf;csrf;a&;yGJpm;awGuawmh rvkdvm;bl;ayghaemf? aMomf tJ'gawmh wynhfawmfwkdYvnf; ravQmufwwfygbl;Asm [kwfuJh [kwfuJh .../

0g;c,fr ar(20)0g;c,fr ar(20)0g;c,fr ar(20)0g;c,fr ar(20)0g;c,fr ar(20)0g;c,frNrdKUe,ftoif;(&efukef)rSvSL'gef;aom 0g;c,frNrdKUe,f? ar

wÅm u½kPmemrIulnDa&;toif;okdY atmufqD*sifbl;(10)vHk;vSL'gef;yGJukdar(19)&uf? eHeuf(11;00)em&Du 0g;c,frNrdKUe,ftoif;½H k;cG JwGifusif;yjyKvkyf&m 0g;c,frNrdKUe,ftoif;(&efukef)Ouú| AkdvfBuD;oef;aX;(Nidrf;)rS 0g;c,frNrdKUe,f arwÅmu½kPmemrIulnDa&;toif; Ouú|OD;qef;OD;? wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; OD;rsKd;EkdifESifhtzGJU0ifrsm;xHokdY ay;tyfvSL'gef;cJhaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/ atmufqD*sifbl;(10)vHk;\ wefzkd;rSmaiGusyf(13)odef;jzpfonf[k od&Sd&onf/ armifaersK d;(0g;c,fr)armifaersK d;(0g;c,fr)armifaersK d;(0g;c,fr)armifaersK d;(0g;c,fr)armifaersK d;(0g;c,fr)

0g;c,frNrdKUe,ftoif;(&efukef)rS0g;c,frNrdKYe,farwÅmu½kPmemrIulnDa&;toif;okdYatmufqD*sifbl;(10)vHk;vSL'gef;

Page 16: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

14

vrf;avQmuf'k di f,m&Donfvrf;avQmuf'k di f,m&Donfvrf;avQmuf'k di f,m&Donfvrf;avQmuf'k di f,m&Donfvrf;avQmuf'k di f,m&Donfvrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm\ aeYpOfrSwfvrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm\ aeYpOfrSwfvrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm\ aeYpOfrSwfvrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm\ aeYpOfrSwfvrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm\ aeYpOfrSwfwrf;jzpfonf/ zwf½IcsD;jr§if h Muoltaygif;ukdwrf;jzpfonf/ zwf½IcsD;jr§if h Muoltaygif;ukdwrf;jzpfonf/ zwf½IcsD;jr§if h Muoltaygif;ukdwrf;jzpfonf/ zwf½IcsD;jr§if h Muoltaygif;ukdwrf;jzpfonf/ zwf½IcsD;jr§if h Muoltaygif;ukdtxl;aus;Zl;wif*g&0jyK tyfygonf/txl;aus;Zl;wif*g&0jyK tyfygonf/txl;aus;Zl;wif*g&0jyK tyfygonf/txl;aus;Zl;wif*g&0jyK tyfygonf/txl;aus;Zl;wif*g&0jyK tyfygonf/

vrf;avQmuft,f'Dwmvrf;avQmuft,f'Dwmvrf;avQmuft,f'Dwmvrf;avQmuft,f'Dwmvrf;avQmuft,f'Dwm2014 ar 21 &efukef2014 ar 21 &efukef2014 ar 21 &efukef2014 ar 21 &efukef2014 ar 21 &efukefAkdvfcsKyfBuD;cifñGefY e0a';tdrfokdYa&muf a'gufwmoef;Nidrf;ema&;

udpöar;? a'gufwma':cif0if;a&Tukdawmh rawGUcJh&? AkdvfcsKyfBuD;rS ajrmif;jrc&D;zdwf? uom½kH;csdef;&SdaeaMumif;ajymjy? e0a';yef;csDjycef;0if ukdxdfef

trSwf&p&mrsm;? tjyefAkdvfcsKyfBuD;armifat;tdrfbufMunfhjzpf? at;at;csrf;csrf;awGU& aumvm[mv owif;trSm;awGukd b,folawGu tm;ay;aeonfrajymwwf/

umwGef;q&mrsm; ½kH;odkYvmMu q&mBuD;OD;azodef;azmifa';&Sif;udpöajymjzpf? tzdk;ESifhtzGm;a&mufvmMu/ ukd*RefvGifzdwfxm;onfh MILD

SEVEN y½kdrkd;&Sif;yGJokdYa&mufonf/ txl;tqef;awG jrif&í thHMo&onf/ukdpkd;EkdifxGef;(tDMumauG;)ESifhawGU ukd&D;,m;tqkdawmfudpöar;jzpf? ukdEkdifaZmfvnf; vmEIwfqufonf/ tazESifh zkef;ajymjzpf ar 24 &ufaeYtazharG;aeY taz 78 ESpfjynfhNyD? tazusef;rmygap taz/

2014 ar 22 &efukef2014 ar 22 &efukef2014 ar 22 &efukef2014 ar 22 &efukef2014 ar 22 &efukefq&mOD;0if;Nidrf;ESifhawGU? MJA jrefrmEkdifiHowif;pmq&mtoif;udpö?

yD;ay:\ THE 10 GENTLEMEN SHOW yGJ owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJokdY

a&muf? yD;ay:ESifh pum;ajymjzpf udka&Trif;om;ukd0if;atmifwdkYvnf;vmwufMuonf/ yD;ay:rS umwGef;OD;azodef;azmifa';&Sif;okdY usyfaiGwpfodef;vSL'gef;onf? trSwfw&pum;ajymay;jzpfcJh? yD;ay:u ol\ya&m*sufudpörsm; ajymjyí tHhMo&onf/

tjyefpkdajypGmESifh roif;oif; M2M odkYa&muf? tacGrsm;0,fcJhjzpfjyefonf/ nbufoli,fcsif;odef;aZmfa&mufvm tjyefvdkufykdYjzpf? rkefwdkif;&Sdonf/ q&marmifrsKd;(aMumifESpfaumif)zkef;quf rEÅav;udpö/

2014 ar 23 &efukef2014 ar 23 &efukef2014 ar 23 &efukef2014 ar 23 &efukef2014 ar 23 &efukefa'gufwmoef;Nidrf;psmyevdkufydkY a&a0;? AkdvfcsKyfBuD;cifñGefY? Akdvf

csKyfwifhaqG(zsmykH)wkdYESifhawGU? OD;cdkifarmif&nf? a':cif0kdif;Munf? zsmykHeDvkHOD;wdkYESifhawGU? a'gufwmoef;Nidrf;u a&G;aumufyGJudk BudKjyifcJhonfh yk*¾dKvfjzpfonf/ OD;wifOD;vmykdYoGm;onf/ City FM tpnf;ta0;odkYa&muf?q&mOD;vSjrifhaqGESifh pum;ajymjzpfonf/ ukdrif;armf (Myanmar Life)½kH;odk Ya&muf? yef;csDum;vufaqmifay;? udkodef;aZmfom;awmfarmiftxGef;bGm;ukd AUDIO udpöwpfcktwGuf tultnDawmif;? ukdodef;aZmfjynfxrif;okwfxnfhay;vdkufonf/ uom½kH;csdef;c&D;udpötwGufJJ ukdjrifhOD; Hotel Mandalay tcef;twGuf ukdpkdif;crf;vdIifwkdYxHzkef;quf28 &ufaeY q&mOD;0if;Nidrf; a&TtjrKawyGJtrDjyefa&mufrS jzpfrnf/

rkd;oD;ZGefADZmudpö &Sif;vif;yGJvkyfoGm;? Myanmar Peace CenteraqG;aEG;yGJ wwd,aeY aMunmcsufxkwfjyef? rZÑdrowif;pmwpfESpfjynfhyGJvkyf? awmifhcHEkdifwmukdu t&nftcsif;wpfckyJ[k qdk&rnf/ tEkynm&SifwcsKdU awmf0ifESif;qDrSm vufrSwfxkd;Mu? 2008 zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'436 jyifqifa&;? ar27 NLD ½kH;csKyfrSmvnf; vufrSwfxkd;Murnf[kod&? xkdif;0efBuD;csKyfa[mif; ,ifvwfrdom;pkukd xdef;odrf;xm;vdkufNyD[kqkd? udkapma0zkef;quf q&maZmfaZmfatmif? yef;csDrifarmif&ifwkdYaq;½kHay:u tajctaevSrf;ajym/

Page 17: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

15

1/ Sale r (2)OD;

2/ Reception r (5)OD;

3/ Marketing r (5)OD;

4/ IT Marketing r (5)OD;

5/ Designer usm;^r (5)OD;

6/ Layout usm; (5)OD;

7/ Senior Account r (2)OD;

8/ Office Cashier r (2)OD;

9/ Driver usm; (5)OD;

10/ Security usm; (5)OD;

avQmufxm;vdkolrsm;onf CV Form ? vdkifpif"mwfyHk(1)yHk?ynm t&nftcsif;? tusifhpm&dwåaumif;rGefaMumif;axmufcHpm?rSwfyHkwifrdwåL? oef;acgifpm&if;rdwåL? tvkyform;rSwfyHkwifrdwåLwdkYESifhtwlaMumfjimygonfhaeYrS(10)&uftwGif; IDEA Printing ?trSwf (220^ 222)? Adkvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;(tv,f)odkY vludk,fwdkif vma&mufavQmufxm;Ekdifygonf/

0efxrf;tvdk&Sdonf

vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fwGif wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef ,mOfwkdufrIjypfcsufuif;&Sif;aom? taomuftpm;r&Sdaom? ,mOfarmif;vkdifpifoufwrf; tenf;qkH; 2 ESpf&Sdaom ,mOfarmif;trsKd;om;?trsKd;orD;rnfolrqkdvlukd,fwkdiftjrefqkH; qufoG,favQmufxm;Ekdifygonf/

,mOfarmif; trsKd;orD;? trsKd;om;tvdk&SdonftjrefqkH;qufoG,favQmufxm;yg&ef

(rSwfcsuf/(rSwfcsuf/(rSwfcsuf/(rSwfcsuf/(rSwfcsuf/ / vkdtyfonfhpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; tjynfh/ vkdtyfonfhpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; tjynfh/ vkdtyfonfhpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; tjynfh/ vkdtyfonfhpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; tjynfh/ vkdtyfonfhpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; tjynfhtpkHyg&S d&ygrnf)tpkHyg&S d&ygrnf)tpkHyg&S d&ygrnf)tpkHyg&S d&ygrnf)tpkHyg&S d&ygrnf)

vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,f trSwf 220^222? 5 vTm?vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,f trSwf 220^222? 5 vTm?vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,f trSwf 220^222? 5 vTm?vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,f trSwf 220^222? 5 vTm?vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,f trSwf 220^222? 5 vTm?Ak dvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;? &efukef/Ak dvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;? &efukef/Ak dvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;? &efukef/Ak dvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;? &efukef/Ak dvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;? &efukef/

&efukef? ar(15)&efukef? ar(15)&efukef? ar(15)&efukef? ar(15)&efukef? ar(15)Forever Group Co.,Ltd ESifh Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union

(ABU) wkdYyl;aygif;í "97" ABU Administrative Council Meeting ukd(2014)ckESpf? ar(15)&ufrS(17)&uftxd &efukefNrdKU Parkroyal HotelwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/

Forever Group \wm0ef&Sdol OD;0if;armfu ]]jrefrmEkdifiHtaeeJYMRTV u tNrJwrf;tzGJUt0iftjzpf&&S dxm;ygw,f/ uRefawmfwkd YForever Group taeeJYvnf; ABU uvkyfwJhyGJawGwufcGifh&ygw,f/olwkdYeJYyl;aygif;vkyfaqmifxm;jcif;tm;jzifh ABUujyKvkyfwJh WorkshopawG? enf;ynmykdif;qkdif&moifwef;awGukd tcrJhwufcGif h&ygw,f/'gaMumifh uRefawmfwkdY&JU½kyfoHxkwfvTifhrIawG wkd;wufvmwmyg/

'DaeY jrefrmEkdifiHrSm usif;ycJhwJh awGUqHkyGJuawmh yxrqHk;tBudrfyg/ t&ifwkef;u awGUqHkyGJawGqkdvkdY&Sd&if uRefawmfwkdYbufu oGm;wuf&wmyg/ 'DyGJukd EkdifiHwumrS toHvTifhXmeawGu tBuD;tuJawGvma&mufMuwJhtwGuf jrefrmEkdifiH&JUwkd;wufrI obm0tvSawG? jrefrmvlrsKd;wkdY&JUazmfa&GrIukd oabmusMuygw,f/ tckqkdvkdY&Sd&if EkdifiHwum½kyfoHawGu jrefrmEk difiHuk dpdwf0ifwpm;&S daeMuygNyD/ a&SUqufNyD;jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd½kyfoHrsm;wGif tpDtpOfrsm;xkwfvTifhrIqkdif&mrsm;? owif;pDpOfwnf;jzwfrIrsm;ESifh wjcm;enf;ynmqkdif&mrsm;ukd vma&mufNyD;oifMum;ay;&efpDpOfvsuf&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh rD'D,mpifwmawGtwGuftusKd;ay;r,fvkdY arQmfvifhygw,f}}[kajymcJhonf/

]]vuf&SdABUtzGJU0ifaygif;(200)ausmf&SdaeNyD; EkdifiH(18)EkdifiHrS tzGJU0ifxm;ygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf tNrJwrf;tzGJU0iftjzpf MRTVukda&G;cs,fxm;ygw,f/ MRTV ESifhtusKd;wlvkyfaqmifaewJh yk*¾vdu½kyfoHawGvnf; uRefawmfwkdYeJYtwl tNrJwrf;tzGJU0iftjzpfyg0ifaeygw,f/ ABU [mqkdvkdY&Sd&if uRefawmfwkdYukd enf;ynmykdif;qkdif&mawGukd tNrJwrf;taxmuftuljyKygw,f}}[k MRTV \ ñTefMum;a&;rSL;wpfOD;u ajymcJhonf/

pkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkuf

"97" ABU AdministrativeCouncil Meeting ukd jrefrmEkdifiHwGif

yxrqHk;tBudrftjzpfjyKvkyfcJh

[Hom0wDOD;0if;wifjywdkuf b,fawmUvJ

trsKd;om;'Drk dua&pDtzG JUcsKyfem,uBuD;vnf;jzpf? owif;pmq&m BuD;wpfOD;vnf;jzpfonfhq&mBuD;[Hom0wDOD;0if;wif uG,fvGefonfrSm wpfvjynhfcJhNyDjzpfaomfvnf; q&mBuD; [Hom0wDOD;0if;wifjywdkufu b,fqDaerSef;rodao;ay/

q&mBuD;aemufqHk;aexkdifcJhonfh &efukefNrdKU? ausmufukef;&SdaetdrfwGifusef&Sdaomypönf;rsm;ESifh q&mBuD;\ BuHUBuHUcHpdwf"mwftm; *kPfjyKaomtm;jzifh q&mBuD;\aetdrftm; jywdkuftjzpf jyKvkyfMurnf[kq&mBuD;uG,fvGefNyD;csdefwGif owif;rsm;xGufay:cJhonf/

tpykdif;wGif trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyfu OD;pD;OD;aqmifjyKíjywdkufjyKvkyfrnf[k owif;rsm;xGufaeonfukd trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyfem,uBuD; OD;wifOD;u tjywfjiif;onf/ ]]teft,fvf'DujywdkufukdOD;aqmifNyD;rvkyfygbl;/ teft,fvf'Du b,fwm0efcHvkyfEkdifrvJ? tm;vHk;yl;aygif;NyD;awmh vkyfrS&r,f}}[k OD;wifOD;uajymonf/

[Hom0wDOD;0if;wif\ usef&SdcJhaompmtkyfrsm;ESifh "mwfyHkrsm;trSwfw&ypönf;rsm;ukd vuf&SdwGif trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyfu aumfrwDwpf&yfzGJUNyD; xdef;odrf;xm;qJjzpfonf/ ]]jywdkufuawmh tpkd;&uvkyfay;rSyJ&Ekdifr,f/ teft,fvf'Duawmh tpkd;&jzpfrSyJ vkyfEkdifr,f}}[kOD;wifOD;uajymonf/

[Hom0wDOD;0if;wifonf axmifwGif;wdkufydwfjcif;ukd tESpf(20)ausmfcHcJh&olwpfOD;jzpfonf/ (2009)ckESpf axmifuvGwfajrmufNyD;csdefupí EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vHk;ukd pmempdwf? tm;vHk;vGwfajrmufapcsifaompdwfjzifh aoonftxd axmif0wfpHk tusÐtjymukd0wfqifcJhonf/ raoqHk;rDtcsdefuvnf; q&mBuD;onf b0wl EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;? pme,fZif;orm;rsm;\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd jznfhqnf;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf[Hom0wDOD;0if;wif azmifa';&Sif;ukdwnfaxmifí ulnDaxmufyHhrIrsm;ay;cJhonf/

q&mBuD;aoqHk;oGm;NyDjzpfaomfvnf; [Hom0wDOD;0if;wif azmifa';&Sif;ukd usef&Sdaom azmifa';&Sif;tzGJU0ifrsm;u qufvufxdef;odrf;oGm;Murnfjzpfonf/ azmifa';&Sif;tzGJU0if EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;a[mif;OD;xGef;Munfu ]]EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;a[mif;rsm;&JUtiftm;eJYaomfvnf;aumif;? OD;0if;wifazmifa';&Sif;rSmygwJh tvkyftrIaqmifawGtm;vHk;uvnf; tm;oGefcGefpdkufeJY bb&JU&nf&G,fcsuf? bb&JUqE´awGjynfh0oGm;atmif qufNyD;xdef;odrf;NyD; azmifa';&Sif;ukd qufvkyfoGm;rSmjzpfw,f}}[kajymonf/

[Hom0wDOD;0if;wifazmifa';&Sif;wGif OD;0if;wifruG,fvGefrDwpfvvQifwpfBudrfjzifh(13)Budrfwkdifwkdif axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm;ay;tyfcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ OD;0if;wifuG,fvGefNyD;csdefwGif (14)BudrfajrmufaxmufyHhaiGay;tyfjcif;ukd qufvufvkyfaqmifEkdifcJhNyDjzpfNyD; [Hom0wDOD;0if;wifazmifa';&Sif;onf pkpkaygif;aiGusyf(1119)odef;ukd axmufyHhay;tyfNyD;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/ [Hom0wDOD;0if;wifazmifa';&Sif;okdY jynfwGif;jynfyrS tvSL&Sifrsm;u vSL'gef;vsuf&Sdonf/

[Hom0wDOD;0if;wifonf (2014)ckESpf? {NyDv(21)&ufaeYu&efukef jynfolUaq;½HkBuD;wGif (96)yg;aoma&m*gjzifhuG,fvGefcJhonf/[Hom0wDOD;0if;wif\psmyetm;a&a0;okóefwGifusif;ycJhNyD;EkdifiHwumu apmifhMunfh&onfh tHhzG,fpsmyewpfckjzpfcJhonf/ (2014)ckESpf? arv(21)&ufu [Hom0wDOD;0if;wif uG,fvGefjcif;wpfvjynfhtxdrf;trSwftjzpf vGrf;qGwfwrf;wyGJrsm;jyKvkyfcJhMuonf/

arv(20)&ufu &efukefNrdKU? awmf0ifESif;qDpm;aomufqkdifwGif

usif;yonfh [Hom0wDOD;0if;wifuG,fvGefjcif;wpfvjynfh atmufarhzG,ftcrf;tem;okdY a':atmifqef;pkMunf wufa&mufcJhonf/ a':atmifqef;pkMunfu ]]q&mOD;0if;wif[muRefrwkdYtwGuftarGawG trsm;BuD;

xm;cJhygw,f/ uRefrwkdYu q&mjzpfapcsifwJh EdkifiHjzpfzkdYeJY q&mjzpfapcsifwJh EkdifiHa&;yHkpHeJY EkdifiHa&;ygwDjzpfatmifBudK;pm;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh vkyfaqmifMuygpkdY}}[k tcrf;tem;wGif ajymMum;cJhonf/

[Hom0wDOD;0if;wifonf vuf&SdtrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyfut&Sdeft[kefjzifhvkyfaqmifaeaom zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifa&;xufzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'topfjyefa&;qGJa&;ukd tm;omcJholjzpfonf/ zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' yk'fr 59(p) onf a':atmifqef;pkMunftm;or®wrjzpfap&ef t"du&nf&G,fjy|mef;xm;onfh yk'frjzpfaMumif;cH,lxm;NyD; yk'fr 59(p)ukd rjyifqifEkdifygu vmrnfh (2015)a&G;aumufyGJukd trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyftaejzifh r0ifNydKifoifhaMumif;ajymqkdxm;rIvnf;&Sdonf/ ruG,fvGefrD ol\aemufqHk;qE´twkdif; vuf&SdwGiftrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyfESifh (88)rsKd;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;yl;aygif;í zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifEkdifa&; BudK;yrf;aeMuNyDjzpfonf/

[Hom0wDOD;0if;wifonf ,HkMunfcsuftwkdif; axmif0wfpHktjymukd0wfqif&if; &efukef? ausmufukef;&Sd aetdrftcef;usOf;av;xJwGifaexkdif&if;u udk,f,HkMunf&mukd 'l;raxmuf acgif;rndwfcJholjzpfonf/[Hom0wDowif;pm? aMu;rHkowif;pmESifh ,aeY trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyfuxkwfa0onfh 'DvIdif;owif;pmapmiftxd owif;orm;wpfOD;tjzpf uavmifxrf;cJhaomol? owif;pmq&mb0rS EkdifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifjzpfvmol? EkdifiHa&;acwfwpfacwfrSm udk,fpGrf;ÚmPfpGrf;pdkufxkwfí trsm;tusKd;twGuftepfemcHcJhol? ,HkMunf&m0g'ukdpGJukdif&if;u axmifwGif; tESpf(20)ausmfaecJh&ol? axmifrSvGwfajrmufaomfvnf; EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;tm;vHk;ukd pmemoem;pdwfjzifh ulnDaqmif&Gufay;cJhol? jynfolESifhwpfom;wnf;&Sdcsifol/ xkdyk*¾dKvfBuD;\ b0ed*Hk;csKyfcJhavNyDjzpfapumrl vlaoaomfvnf; emrnfraornfholwpfOD;jzpfaMumif;um; aocsmvGef;vSonf/ apmzk d;cGm;apmzk d;cGm;apmzk d;cGm;apmzk d;cGm;apmzk d;cGm;

jywdkufuawmh tpkd;&u vkyfay;rSyJ&Ekdifr,f/teft,fvf'Duawmh tpkd;&jzpfrSyJ vkyfEkdifr,f

Page 18: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

16

jrefrmh'Drdkua&pD acgif;aqmif&,fvdkYqdk&if urÇmhEdkifiHtoD;oD;ua':atmifqef;pkMunfudkom ajy;jrifMuwmtrSefyg/ e,fqifrif'Jvm;vdkrsdK;EdkA,fNidrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sif a':atmifqef;pkMunf&Jh pGefYvTwftepfemcHrIawG? cGifhvTwfwwfrIawGudkurÇmuav;pm;ovdkolr&Jh 0wfpm;qif ,ifrIawGudkvnf; urÇmu yg*½kwpdkuf½Sdvmygw,f/ olr&JYxifay: ausmfMum;rIawGudkajymqdkMur,fqdk&ifjzifh olr&Jhjrefrmqefqef oyfoyf&yf&yf0wfqifwwfwJhzuf&Sif'DZdkif;awGudkvnf; csefxm;cJhvdkYr&ygbl;vdkY jrefrmEdkifiHudka&muf&SdaewJh e,l;ZDvefEdkifiHol owif;avmuom;wpfOD;jzpfwJh SueAhearn u qdkygw,f/

EdkifiHwumudk zdwfMum;csuft& rMumcPqdkovdk oGm;a&mufavh&SdwJh a':atmifqef;pkMunfuoGm;av&mEdkifiHwdkif;udk jrefrmtrsdK;orD;yDopGm 0wfpm;qif,ifoGm;avh&SdwJh olr&JUzuf&SifawGaMumifh jrefrmtrsdK;orD;xk&JY *kPfudkvnf;wufapcJhygw,f/ olroGm;a&mufcJhzl;wJhEdkifiHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;utrsdK;orD;awGuvnf;olY&Jh0wfpm;qif,ifrIudk twk,lvdkuf0wfqifavhvnf;&SdaeMujyefygw,f/

vuf&Sd*syefEdkifiHrSmaexdkifaewJh a':oD0if;ausmfu *syefudk tarpka&mufvmawmh 'Duausmif;om;awGut&rf;udkawGYcsifMuw,f/ tarpkjyefjyD;aemufydkif;rSm *syefrSm tarpkudktwk,ljyD; wuúodkvfausmif;olav;awGu tptrsdK;orD;awGawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u tarpkvdkyef;awGyefw,f/ y0gawGqdkvnf;tarpkvdkyHkpHqdkjyD; vdkufjcHKMuw,fvdkYajymjyygw,f/

a':atmifqef;pkMunf&Jh zuf&Sif&,fvdkYajymvdkuf&ifawmh xl;jcm;ajymifajrmufvSwJh cefYcefYxnfxnf vuf&mawGudkajy;jrifMurSmr[kwfbJ&Sd;&Sif;vSwJh csnfxnfydwfom;av;awGudkyJajy;jrifrdMuwmyg/ a':atmifqef;pkMunf0wfavh&SdwJhydwfom;awGuawmh jrefrmaiGusyf (7000)atmufcefYom&Sdygw,f/ ajymifvufpl;&SjyD;qef;jym;vSwJh t0wftpm;awGudk olrursm;aomtm;jzifh 0wfavhr&SdbJ½dk;&Sif;vSwJh 'DZdkif;awGudkom0wfavh&Sdw,fvdkY olrudktusÐvufaqmifrsm;csKyfay;cJhzl;wJh &efukefrSa':prf;prf;EGJ Yuajymygw,f/

a':atmifqef;pkMunf[m tusÐt0wftpm;0wfqif&mrSmvnf;wdusaocsmvGef;vSygw,f/ olr0wfqifr,fh t0wftpm;ta&mifrsm;udkvdkufzufnDatmifa&G;cs,fwwfjyD;csnfxnfawGudk trsm;qHk; 0wfavh&Sdygw,f/ tarpkutusÐ0wf&iftwdtusyJ/ olrsm;awGvdktusÐudk tydkxm;wmawGr&Sdbl;/ ta&mifawGudkvnf; vdkufzufnDatmif0wfwwfw,f/ oludk,fwdkifpuf csKyfwwfwmqdkawmh 0wfwmrSmvnf; twdkif;uwpfowfrSwfwnf;yJ/ tay:atmuf0rf;qufawGrsm;aomtm;jzifh tarpku0wfwmenf;w,f[kajymjyygw,f/

a':prf;prf;EGJYu a':atmifqef;pkMunfudk av;pm;cspfcifwJhtwGufa':atmifqef;pkMunfeJY aetdrftus,fcsKyfumvrSm twlaecJh&wJha':cifcif0if;rSwpfqifhtusÐrsm;udk vufaqmifcsKyfvkyfay;cJhwm jzpfygw,f/tarpkudk vufaqmifay;csifvdkYqdkNyD; tarpkeJY tus,fcsKyftwluscJhwJhtefwD0if;uaewpfqifh tarpk&JhtusÐawGcsKyfay;cGifh&cJhwmyg/ tefwD0if;uyJ tusÐyHkwdkif;awG ,lay;cJhwmyg/trsm;MuD;awmhrcsKyfay;zl;ygbl;/tus,fcsKyfuvGwfjyD;umvrSm udk;xnfavmufyJcsKyfzl;cJhygw,f/tarpkuvnf; uav;awGtukeftusrsm;vdrfhr,frcsKyfay;ygeJYvdkYajymw,f/'gayr,fhtarudkcspfvdkYcsKyfay;MuwmygyJ vdkYajymjyygw,f/

a':atmifqef;pkMunf0wfqifzdkY a':prf;prf;EGJYcsKyfjyD; vufaqmifay;cJhzl;wJh tusÐawGrSm 'DZdkif;qGJay;cJhwJhudkoD[u tarpku vlMuD;vnf;jzpfw,f acgif;aqmifvnf;jzpfawmh'DZdkif;awGqGJ&if&dk;&dk;av; awGyJqGJay;w,f/ ausmufawG?abmfMu,f awGwyfwmvnf;olurBudKufbl;/ rsufpduvufwmawGvnf; tarpkurBudKufbl;/ vHkcsnfrSmtarpkMudKufr,fvdkY xifwJhyef;cufav;awGudkqGJay;wmrsm;w,f/ tarpkudkvnf;vufaqmifay;wJholawGursm;awmh udk,fawGay;wJh tusÐawG0wfvm; r0wfvm;awmhrodawmhygbl;vdkYajymjyygw,f/

tarpk tusÐawG csKyf&wm tEÅ&m,frsm;w,f/ rSm;vdkYr&bl;?rSm;vdkYr&bl;qdkwmacs;rsm;vdkYawmh r[kwfbl;/olu 0wfpm;qif,ifwmt&rf;wdusw,fav/ wdusawmhtaotcsmcsKyf ay;&wmaygh/ csKyfay;&wmawmh0rf;omwmaygh/ cspfaMumuf&dkaoaygh/ udk,fcsKyfay;wmr0wfrSmvnf; pdk;&drfw,f/ 0wfawmhvnf; udk,fcsKyfay;wJhtusÐudk urÇmodvlxk

acgif;aqmif u0wfw,fqdkawmht &r f ;u d k ay s m fwmaygh a':prf;prf;EGJYeJY udkoD[wdkYu NydKifwlajymjyMuygw,f/

jrefrmEdkifiH&JUtdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHuacgif;aqmiftrsdK;orD;i,fwpfOD;jzpfwJh xdkif;Ed kifiH0efMuD;csKyf,ifvyf &Sifem0yfjrefrmEdkifiHodkYvma&mufjyD;a':atmifqef;pkMunfESif hyxrqHk; tBudrfawG YqH k&mrSm a':atmifqef;pkMunf0wfqifxm; wJheDndKa&miftusÐESifh eDndKa&mif vHkcsnfrSma':prf;prf;EGJ YESifh udkoD[wdkYyl;aygif;csKyfxm;ay;wJh tusÐ'DZd kif;ygyJ/tJ'DawGY qHkrI[m ta&S Uawmiftm&Sr Smxif&Sm;wJh awGYqHkrIvdkYrSwf,ljyD;EdkifiHwumrD'D,mawGu txl;pdwf0ifpm;um MoZmMuD;rm;av;pm;zG,faumif;vSwJh trsdK;orD;ESpfOD;&Jh0wfpm;qif,ifrIawG udkvnf; ta&;w,lazmfjycJhwmaMumifh a':prf;prf;EGJYeJYudkoD[wdkYyl;aygif;csKyfvkyfcJhwJh zuf&Sif'DZdkif;[m a':atmifqef;pkMunf 0wfqi fv d ku fwma Mumi f hurÇmausmfcJh&w,fvdkYqdk&ifvnf;rrSm;ygbl;/

a':atmifqef;pkMunfa&G;aumufyGJumv wkef;u olr&Jh &efukefwdkif;a'oMuD;u aumhrI;NrdKUe,frJqE´e,frSm a'ocHawGeJYtwl wpfom;wnf;ajrjyifay:rSmxdkifNyD;tm;ay;cJhwJh tusÐ0wfpHkuvnf;a':prf;prf;EGJYeJY udkoD[wdkYcsKyfay;cJhwJh tusÐ'DZdkif;yJjzpfjyD; vlajymrsm;wJh tusÐ'DZdkif;wpfrsdK; jzpfcJh&ygao;w,f/ a':prf;prf;EGJYeJY udkoD[wdkYtwGuf a':atmifqef;pkMunfu olwdkYvufaqmifay;wJh 0wfpHkav;eJY&d kufxm;wJh"mwfyHkav; udktrSwfw&vufrSwfxdk;jyD;ay;xm;ygao;w,f/

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&JYorD;a':atmifqef;pkMunf&,fvdk Yjrefrmjynfudk jyefvnfa&muf&SdvmcgptcsdefumvawGrSmawmh

a':atmifqef;pkMunfu olYudkcspfwJhjynfolawGay;wJh yef;awGudkOD;acgif;rSmtm;vHk;vdkvdkyefqifwwfayr,fh tckaemufydkif;umv awGrSmawmh yef;wpfrsdK;wnf;udkom yefqifavh&Sdvmwmudkvnf; jynfolawGuowdxm;rdaeygw,f/ xdkumvrsm;u a':atmifqef;pkMunfu trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf&Jh tvHtrSwftom;wHqdyfudk b,fbuf&ifbwfay:rSmtjrJxdk;xm;avh&SdcJh jyD;,ckaemufydkif;umvrSmawmh olY&Jhb,fbuf&ifbwfay:rSm trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyftrSwftom;jzpfwJh a&Ta&mifcGyfa'gif;&ifxdk;xdk;vmwmudkowdxm;rdvmMujyD;ygwD0iftrsdK;orD;trsm;pkuvnf; twk,lvmMuwmudkawGY&ygw,f/

tckqdk&if vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfa,muftjzpfvnf; jzpfaeNyDjzpfwJh a':atmifqef;pkMunfudk vTwfawmfwufwJh&ufwdkif;olr&Jh qHauomay:rSmbmyef;awGyefavh&Sdw,fqdkwmudk olrudkcspfcifav; pm;wJholawGuapmifhMunfhaewwfMuygw,f/ jyD;cJhwJh oDwif;ywfu uG,fvGefoGm;cJhwJh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyfem,uMuD;OD;0if;wif&Jh psmye tcrf;tem;udkwwfa&mufvmwJhtcgrSmawmha':atmifqef;pkMunfwpfa,mufyef;ryefxm;wmudk olYudkcspfwJhjynfolawGu owdxm;rdaeygao;w,f/olreJYteD;uyfaecJhzl;wJh a':cifcif0if;uawmholr[m 0rf;enf;wJhtxdrf;trSwftjzpfyef;ryefwmjzpfjyD;awmh olr&JhcifyGef; rdkufu,ftJ&pfuG,fvGefoGm;jyD;wJhaemufydkif;rSmvnf; wpfESpfwdwdyef;ryefbJaecJh zl;wmudk*&kpdkufrdcJhwmudkjyefajymjyygw,f/ a':atmifqef;pkMunfu ESif;qDyef;udkjrwfEdk;olvnf;jzpfygw,f/

a':atmifqef;pkMunf[m jynfwGif;rSmvnf;pnf;&Hk;a&;c&D;pOfawGoGm;wJhtcgrSm a&mufwJha'owdkif; jynfe,fwdkif;rSmaexdkifwJh wdkif;&if;om;awG&Jh &dk;&m0wfpHkawGudk 0wfqifwwfwmrdkY wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;awG&JhtrSwfay;jcif;udkvnf;cH&jyefygw,f/

a':atmifqef;pkMunf&Jh zuf&SifawG[m jrefrmtrsdK;orD;xkMum;rSmvnf; twk,lp&mjzpfvmovdk jrefrmhzuf&SifavmurSmvnf; tarpkzuf&Sif&,fvdkYacwfpm;aejyefygw,f/ trsdK;orD;awGtm;xm;MuwJh pufcsKyfqdkifawGrSmawmh tarpkzuf&Sifav;csKyfay;ygvdkY vmtyfESHolawGu vnf;&Sdaejyefygw,f/ tckaemufydkif;qdk&iftarpk0wfwJh tusÐav;awGcsKyfay;ygqdkjyD; vmtyfwm&Sdw,f/vmtyfwJhvlawGudk,fwdkifu tarpkyHkav;awGygwJh*sme,fawGudkjzwfjyD;awmhvmcsKyfMuw,f/ tarpk0wfwJhyHkpH tusÐav;awGu &dk;&dk;av;awGyJqdkawmhcsKyf&wm tqifajyygw,f [k pufcsKyfvkyfief;vkyfaewJh rMunfMunfuajymjyygw,f/

rEÅav;jrdKUrSmaexdkifaewJha':Or®mcifu jrefrmtrsdK;orD;yDopGm0wfwwfwJh tarpk&Jh zuf&SifawGudkMudKufvdkYudk,fawGvnf; tarpkvdkvdkuf0wfMuw,f/ tarpku olYcE®mudk,f ydefydefyg;yg;av;eJYqdkawmh 0wfxm;wm usufoa&&Sdw,f/ 0wfvdkuf&ifvnf; ta&mifvdkufzufrI&Sdatmifvnf; awmfawmfav;qifwwfw,f[kajymjyygw,f/

vlxkacgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pkMunfuawmhol&Jhzuf&SifawGeJYywfoufjyD;tpOfajyovdk0wfwmygvdkY aetdrftus,fcsKyfvTwfjyD;oumvolr &JhtdrfwGif;rSmjyKvkyfwJh pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJwpfckrSm zGifh[zl;cJhygw,f/

“tarpk tusÐawGcsKyf&wm tEÅ&m,frsm;w,f/ rSm;vdkYr&bl;?rSm;vdkYr&bl;qdkwmacs;rsm;vdkYawmh r[kwfbl;/ olu0wfpm;qif,ifwmt&rf;wdusw,fav/ wdusawmhtaotcsmcsKyfay;&wmaygh/ csKyfay;&wmawmh0rf;omwmaygh/

Page 19: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

17

t*Fgom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonft*Fgom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonft*Fgom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonft*Fgom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonft*Fgom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonf,ck&ufydkif;twGuf&ifav;p&mrsm; txl;BuHKawGU&zG,f&Sdonf/ a&jcm;ajr jcm;c&D;oGm;&zG,f

udef;jrifonf/ pum;ta&mif;t0,f vkyfwwfolwpfOD;oifhtem;a&mufvmvQif txl;*½kjyKygb0ysufoGm;Edkifonf/ paeeHxGufwwfrnfrayghESifh? xDxdk;vdkvQif(1)tp(3)tqHk;xdk;&efjzpfonf/ usef;rma&;enf;enf;nHhrnf/ pdwfyl&efawmh r&Sdyg/

,Mwmacsvdkonf&Sdaomf/ /r[m0dZ,apwD &m[kaxmifhwGif aiGyef;oufaphuyfvSLyg/taqmifjyKvdkygu/ / bdk;rif;acgifyHkawmf udkaqmifygav/

paeom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonfpaeom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonfpaeom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonfpaeom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonfpaeom;orD;taygif;wdk YonfcspfolESifhtqifrajybJ&SdwwfrnfMum; vlaESmufí&ifcGifaysmufudef;BuHKrnf/ tvdkvdkae&if;

ouFmruif;jzpfwwfrnf/ a&TvufESifhac:rnfholwpfOD;u oifhtcuftcJrsm;udk0ifa&muf ajz&Sif;ulnDaz;rzG,fjrifonf/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;opfwpfckpyfwlvkyfudkif&zG,fjrifonf/ xDxdk;vdkonf&Sdaomf(4)tp (2)tqHk;xdk;yg/ usef;rma&;rqdk;/

,Mwmacsvdkonf&Sdaomf/ / arG;eHaxmifhwGifajymif;zl;jyKwfoufaph(yvdkajymif;jzpf&rnf)uyfvSL&ef/taqmifjyKvdkygu/ /&SifoD0vd½kyfwkaqmifyg/

aomMumom;orD;taygif;wdk YonfaomMumom;orD;taygif;wdk YonfaomMumom;orD;taygif;wdk YonfaomMumom;orD;taygif;wdk YonfaomMumom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonf ,ck&ufydkif;twGif;½kwfw&ufxd ckduf'Pf&mtemw&jzpfudef;BuHKrnf/ *½ktxl;jyK&efwnf;/

ynma&;uHaumif;wwfrnf/ vlBuD;rdbwpfOD;xHrSoifarQmfvifhrxm;aomtultnD xl;&wwfrnf/wpfckvyfwpfOD;u oifhudktBuD;tus,fpdwf0ifpm;aewwfrnf/ ra&SmifvQifvGwfrnf/ xDxdk;vdkygu (7)tp(7)tqHk;xdk;&ef/usef;rm a&;*Gwf/

,Mwmacsvdkonf&Sdaomf/ /pD;aeaoma&wGif oifht0wftpm;a[mif;pGefYvdkufyg/taqmifjyKvdkonf&Sdaomf/ / ol&ówDr,f awmfyHkaqmif&efjzpfonf/

Ak'¨[l;om;orD;taygif;wdk YonfAk'¨[l;om;orD;taygif;wdk YonfAk'¨[l;om;orD;taygif;wdk YonfAk'¨[l;om;orD;taygif;wdk YonfAk'¨[l;om;orD;taygif;wdk Yonf,ck&ufydkif;twGif; c&D;,m,Drsm;wwfrnf/ a&vrf;c&D;udkawmhjzifh txl;a&SmifMuOf&ef vdktyf

onf/ a&a0;ajrjcm;rSoifhudk pdwf0ifpm;olwpfOD; utvdktavsmufrD;pdrf;jyvmrnf/ taysmftyg;tarmft<um;udktxl;*½kpdkufygav/ pdwftvdkvdkufwwfrIu ½Hk;jyifuEém;txdc&D;aygufwwfrnf/ xDxdk;&efpdwf0ifpm;onf&Sdaomf (5)tp(5)tqHk; udka&G;cs,fxdk;&efjzpfonf/ usef;rma&;rqkd;yg/

,Mwmacsvdkonf&Sdaomf/ /aygufapwDwGif uefawmhyGJxdk;yg/taqmifjyKvdkygu/ / bdk;aygufpdefyHkawmf udkaqmifyg/

wevFmom;orD;taygif;wdk YonfwevFmom;orD;taygif;wdk YonfwevFmom;orD;taygif;wdk YonfwevFmom;orD;taygif;wdk YonfwevFmom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonf,ck&ufydkif;twGif;aomu&if0,fydkuf íacgif;idkufpdkufcsae&rnfh umvtydkif;tjcm;jzpf

onf/ a&TESifhywfoufía&mif;rSm;0,frSm;Asmrsm;&zG,fjrifonf/ ta&;ay:cGJpdyfukorIcH&zG,f&Sdaomfvnf; pdk;&drfzG,fr[kwfvS/ ynm*kPfowif;rSmrl ausmfapmjcif;&Sdrnf/ tvkyftudkifopfajymif; a&TU& onf&SdaomfoifuHxl;NyD[krSwf&efjzpfonf/ (4)tp(2) tqHk;rqdk;avmuf/ cspfolESifhtoHwl?ta&mifwlae wwfrnf/

,Mwmacsvdkonf&Sdaomf/ /arG;eHaxmifhwGif opfoD;qGrf;uyfvSL (aerGef;rvGJrD)vdk&mqkyeftaqmifjyKvdkygu/ / aemifawmfBuD; apwDyHkawmfudktaqmifjyKyg/

Mumomyaw;om;orD;taygif;wdk YonfMumomyaw;om;orD;taygif;wdk YonfMumomyaw;om;orD;taygif;wdk YonfMumomyaw;om;orD;taygif;wdk YonfMumomyaw;om;orD;taygif;wdk Yonf,ck&ufydkif;twGif;a&a0;ajrjcm; c&D;oGm;&udef;jrifonf/ odkYaomf tcuf tcJtMuyftwnf;

rsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&zG,f&Sdrnf/ vkyfief;oabmt& ajymif;a&TUvkyfudkif&efMuHpnfxm;onf rsm;vnf;tcuftcJ&Sdaewwfrnf/ olwpfxl;udkulnDvdkufrIwpfcku oifhudkjr§m;OD;vSnfhvmwwfrnf/ vl,Hk owfzG,fudef;jrifonf/ toGm;tvm*½kpdkuf&ef wnf;xDxdk;vdkaomf (6)tp(6)tqHk;xdk;yg/ usef;rma&;rqdk;ao;/

,Mwmacsvdkonf&Sdaomf/ / arG;eHaxmifhaerGef; wnfhwGif ykodrfxD;oufaphuyfvSL&ef/taqmifjyKvdkygu/ / bdk;rif;acgifyHkawmf aqmifyg/

tdyfrufaumif;rufonfqdkvQif oifMuHpnfxm;onfrsm;xajrmuf atmifjrifNyD[krSwf,l&efjzpfonf/ a&TESifhywfoufí pD;yGm;wuf&efvrf;jrifonf/ pyfwl&S,f,mvkyfief;vkyf&ef&SdaomfvlrsdK;jcm;? bmomjcm;ESifh (&ef^ig) pnf;jcm;&efvdkonf/ rdbusef;rma&;nHhonf/ *½kpdkuf/ oifh

usef;rma&;uawmh rqdk;yg/ xDxdk;vdkonf&Sdaomf (1) tp(1)tqHk;xdk;&efjzpfonf/,Mwmacsvdkonf&Sdaomf/ / arG;eHaxmifhwGif zD;Murf;oufaphvSL'gejyK/taqmifjyKvdkygu/ /ykyÜg;r,fawmfBuD; yHkawmfudkaqmif&efwnf;/

&m[kom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonf&m[kom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonf&m[kom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonf&m[kom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonf&m[kom;orD;taygif;wdk Yonf,ck&ufydkif;twGif;wefcdk;BuD;bk&m;zl;&onf&Sdaomf oifuHxl;NyD[kvufcarmif; cwfvdkuf&efjzpf

onf/ vkyfief;opfwdk;csJUvkyfudkif&efudef;jrifonf/ bmoma&;ESifhywfoufí ukodkvfjyK& zG,fjrifonf/ tvSLBuD;wpfckvnf;vSL&zG,fjrifonf/ cspfolESifhxrif;vufqHkpm;&ef&SdaomftrJom;? 0ufom;a&SmifygrSwefumusrnf/ xDxdk;vdkonf &Sdaomf (8)tp(8)tqHk;xdk;oifhonf/ usef;rma&;pdk;&drfzG,ftvsOf;r&Sd/

,Mwmacsvdkonf&Sdaomf/ / arG;eHaxmifhwGif 0ufvGwfxrif;aygif; uyfvSLygav/taqmifjyKvdkygu/ /tef;uHk;bdk;bdk;½kyfwk aqmifyg/

vlxkacgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pkMunfu0wfpm;qif,ifrIrSmwdusolwpfOD;jzpfjyD; rdcifjzpfola':cifMunf oGefoifqHk;rcJhwJh jrefrmhtrsdK;orD;0wfpm;qif,ifrIvrf;pOftwdkif; raoa0rwdrf;vdkufemcJhwmjzpfw,fvdkYaetdrftus,fcsKyfuscHcJhpOfu twlaecJh&wJh a':cifcif0if;uajymjyygw,f/ a':atmifqef;pkMunfymm udk,fwdkifftuÐsrsm;udk csKyfvkyfwwfwJholwpfa,mufvnf;jzpfjyD;yef;csDqGJwwfolwpfa,mufjzpfwJhtwGufudk,fwdkif 'DZdkif;awGudkvnf;yHkazmfa&;qGJavh&Sdw,fvdkYvnf;qdkygw,f/ vufcsKyfxnfawGudkom MudKufESpfoufolwpfa,mufyg/

a':cifcif0if;u aetdrftus,fcsKyfumvwGif;rSmawmif a':atmifqef;pkMunftqifajyapzdkYtusÐawGudk jyifqifay;cJh&olyg/t*FvefrSmaeuwnf;uolu pufcsKyfpmtkyfawGavhvmawmh pufvnf;csKyfwwfw,f/ pufcsKyfa&m? vufcsKyfa&mwwfw,f/ olu pmzwfwwf&ifbmrqdkvkyfwwfw,fvdkYcH,lxm;w,f/ tJ'Dawmh tcsuftjyKwfvnf;pmtkyfawGzwfawmhwwfwmyJ/ tefwDu olYudk vufaqmifay;wJh tusÐawGudkjyefn§day;&w,f/ oleJYtqifajyatmifaygh [k aetdrftus,fcsKyfuspOftcsdefrsm;udk jyefvnfatmufarh&if;ajymjyaeygw,f/

tefwDupaumhaps;oGm;jyD;'DZdkif;jy&w,f/ 'DZdkif;uvnf; oludk,fwdkifqGJwm/ a':pk&JU'DZdkifem b,folvJvdkYar;&ifa':pkyJ/ olYudkcspfwJholawGu csKyfay;csifw,fqdk&ifawmh tefwDu olY&JYtusÐ udk,fwdkif;av;awGay;vdkufw,f/ tefwDu tusÐyJa&G;ay;&w,f/ &moDOwkudkMunfhjyD;a&G;ay;&wmaygh?wpfcgwpfcg vuf&Snfa&G;ay;&ifaeuylawmh olut0if;'DaeY tdkufwma&G;&ifawmhaeylawmhrSmyJvdkYvnf; aemufao;w,f/&ufawmtrIudpöwkef;uqdk cPqdkjyD;vmac:oGm;wm? aemufrStMumMuD;qdkawmh tusÐawGjyef,ljyD;tJ'DxJrSmyJ tqifajyatmif 0wfzdkYtefwDuyJpDpOfay;cJh&w,f/ tar&duefEdkifiHom; *Ref&ufawm a':atmifqef;pkMunfaetdrfwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufvmrIeJY ywfoufNyD;a':atmifqef;pkMunftrI&ifqdkifae&csdefrSmyif olr&JUwdusaocsmwJh 0wfpm;qif,ifrIawGudkvlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u owdxm;rdvmygw,f/

a':atmifqef;pkMunf&Jh zuf&Sif'DZdkif;em&,fvdkY oD;oefYcefYxm;jcif;r&SdbJ olrudkcspfcifav;pm;wJholawGu olrtwGuf trSwfw&csKyfvkyfay;Muwmrsm;w,fvdkYa':cifcif0if;uqdkygw,f/ a':atmifqef;pkMunfu olr&JYuspfvspfoG,fvswJhcE´mudk,ft&G,ftpm;udkvnf;xdef;xm;wwfygw,f/ olutusÐt0wftpm;awGudk tcsdK;tpm; wpfpdkufrwfrwfyJxm;&SdjyD; ol&Jh cE´mudk,fudkyJ xdef;odrf;r,fvdkYcH,lxm;w,fvdkYod&ygw,f/olu usef;rma&;twGufreufwkdif; yHkrSefvrf;avQmufw,f/ vrf;avQmufwmvkyfwmat&dk;Apfvkyfw,fwdkYqdkwmr[kwfbl; pm;aomufrIpepfwusvkyfw,f/ pm;aomufwmrSmtifrwefpdwfxdef;jyD;pm;Edkifw,f/ pm;oifhoavmufyJpm;w,f/ ydkrpm;bl;/ t&omaemufudkrvdkufbl;/ xrif;qdk

tcsdefeJYpm;w,f/ usef;rma&;twdkif;pepfwuspm;w,f/ toD;t&Gufrsm;rsm;pm;w,f/ xrif;qdkavQmhpm;w,f/ tom;qdk&ifvnf; pepfwusyJ? bmtom;pm;csifw,fvdkYr&Sdbl;/ vGefuJwJhtpm;taomufawGtqDtqdrfhawGrpm;bl;/ olupepfwusvkyfvdkY usef;rma&;twGuftaxmuftul&w,f/ tqDydkawGr&Sdbl;/ tcsdefrSefrSefvnf;w&m;xdkifwJhtwGufpdwfusef;rmjcif;jynfhpHkw,f/ onf;cHpdwf&SnfwJh pdwfawGjzpfvmw,f/tcsdeftydkrjzKef;wwfbl;/ usef;rma&;vrf; avQmuf&if;eJYpmzwfw,f[kpepfwuspm;aomufwwfyHkeJY avhusifhcef;vkyfwJh tavhtxudkvnf;a':cifcif0if;u ajymjyygw,f/

ntdyf&m0ifwJh tcgrSmawmh a':atmifqef;pkMunfu usef;rma&;eJYnDñTwfwJh ntdyf0wftusÐawGudk 0wfavh&Sdw,fvdkYa':cifcif0if; ajymjycsuft&od&ygw,f/ vuf0wf&wemawGrSmqdk&ifjzifhrsm;aomtm;jzifha&TESif hykvJudktjrwfwEdk;qifjref;wwfjyD;ykvJudkyd kMudKufESpfoufw,fvdkYod&ygw,f/ zdeyfawGudkawmh t&ifuydwfom;zdeyftyg;av;awGom0wfwwfayr,fh tckaemufydkif;rSmawmh zdeyftjrifhawGeJY wpfcgwpf&Hav'D&SL;vdk zdeyfrsdK;udkvnf; 0wfvmwmawGY&ygw,f/ t&ifu jcHKyk0gudk½dk;½dk;a&SUcsíomjcHKavh&Sdayr,fh tckaemufydkif; pvG,fjcHKvmwJh yHkpHudkvnf;jrefrmtrsdK;orD;tcsdKU twk,laeMuwmudkvnf;awGY&ygw,f/

a':atmifqef;pkMunf&Jh vuf&SdjrefrmqefvSwJhzuf&SifawGudk ajymvQifjzifh tcsdKUaomolrsm;u (1988)rwdkifrD jynfyrSmaexdkifcJhpOfua':atmifqef;pkMunf &Jh0wfpm;qif,ifwJhyHkpHawGeJY uGmjcm;aew,fvdkYaxmufjyajymqdkwmawG&SdvmMuygw,f/ tJ'Dumvrsm;uvnf; a':atmifqef;pkMunfu jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIeJY tjrifrwifhw,fwJh 0wfpm;qif,ifrIawGudk0wfavhr&SdbJ rdcifjzpfol oGefoifxm;wJhtwdkif; jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIeJYudkufnDwJh 0wfpm;qif,ifrIeJYomaexdkifcJhwm jzpfw,fvdkY a':cifcif0if;uajymygw,f/ cifyGef;jzpfol rdkufu,ftJ&pfruG,fvGefcifrSm a':atmifqef;pkMunfu olY&Jhom;awGudk jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIESifhtnD &SifjyKay;cJhwJh"mwfyHkrSwfwrf;rsm;u a':atmifqef;pkMunf&Jh jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI"avhp&dkufawGtay:wefzdk;xm;rIudk azmfjyaeygw,f/

a':atmifqef;pkMunf[m jrefrmqefw,f/uAsmqefovdk r[mvnf;qefygw,f/ i,fpOfawmifaus; uav;b0uwnf;u olY[efyef?olYzuf&Sif[m jrefrmrIeJY b,ftcgrS aoGzDvdkYroGm;cJh/(1988)ckESpfrwdkifrDujynfyrSm umv&SnfMumaexdkifcJh&ayr,fhvnf; olr&Jhtae txdkifuspfvspfwJhqif,ifxHk;zGJYrIujrefrmtrsdK;orD;awG&Jh EIef;pHtwdkif;jzpfcJhygw,f/ tckEdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifb0rSmvnf; olr&Jh zuf&Sif[m toGifopfeJY tjrifwifhvQuf&Sdaewmudk waphwapmif; aphikwifjyvdkufjcif;jzpfygw,f/

&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21&efukef ar 21yxrtBudrftjynfjynfqkdif&m aq;? aq;ypönf;ESifh aq;½kH;okH;

ypönf;qkdif&mjyyGJukd &efukefNrdKU? vrf;rawmfNrdKUe,f? rif;&JausmfpGmvrf;&SdUMFCCI jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEkdifiH ukefonfrsm;ESifh pufrIvufrIvkyfief;&Sifrsm; toif;ü 2014 ckESpf ar 21 &ufaeYrS ar 23 &ufaeYtxd reuf 9 em&DrS nae 5 em&Dtxd usif;ycJhonf/ xkdjyyGJukd AD,uferfEkdifiH\ VINEXAD ukrÜPDu OD;aqmifusif;ycJhjcif;jzpfNyD; jrefrmEkdifiHaq;ESifh aq;ypönf;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;u yl;aygif;yg0ifcJhonf/

]]EkdifiHwumrSm vuf&Sdtaetxm;t& acwfpm;aeaom enf;ynmrsm; pufypönf;rsm;ukd jrefrmEkdifiHrS aq;0g;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;uBudKufESpfoufw,f/ oabmusw,fqkd&if atmf'gvufcHygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DjyyGJrSm ra&mif;ygbl;/ t"du pdwf0ifpm;MuwJh vlawGuawmhyk*¾vdu aq;½kHBuD;awGu wm0ef&SdolawGyg/ aemufqkH;rSm enf;ynmawGukd 'DrSmjyo&wJhtwGuf 0rf;ajrmufrdygw,f}}[k xkdjyyGJ\ wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajymcJhonf/

xkdjyyGJwGif jycef;aygif; 30 ausmfyg0ifNyD; AD,uferf? b,fvm½kpf?a[mifaumif? tdE´d,? xkdif;? jrefrm? rav;&Sm;? ykdvef? pifumyl? oD&dvuFm? tar&duefESifh ygupöweftp&Sdonfh EkdifiHrsm;rS vma&mufjyojcif;jzpfonf/

pkd;pHxkdufpkd;pHxkdufpkd;pHxkdufpkd;pHxkdufpkd;pHxkduf

yxrtBudrftjynfjynfqkdif&m aq;?aq;ypönf;ESifh aq;½kHoHk; ypönf;qkdif&mjyyGJukd

UMFCCI üjyKvkyfcJh

Page 20: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

18

ykodrf jrdKUa&mufjyDqdk&ifjzifh ykodrfxD;vSvSav;awGeJY a'oxGufrkefYwpfrsdK;jzpfwJh ykodrf[mv0gudk tdrfjyefvufaqmiftjzpfa&mufvlwdkif;u0,fMuygw,f/ykodrfNrdKUuae&mwdkif;rSmykodrfxD;ta&mif;qdkifawGudkawGY&ayr,fh ykodrfjrdKUxJrSmawmhykodrfxD;aqmif;wJholawGudk rawGY&awmhygbl;/t&ifuykodrfxD;trsm;qHk;vkyfwJh&yfuGufvdkae&mrsdK;rSmawmifykodrfxD;vkyfwJholawGudkodyfrawGY&awmhygbl;/

ykodrfjrdKUrSmykodrfxD;vkyfief;trsm;qHk;vkyfw,fvdkY trnfausmfMum;wJha&TpmykodrfxD;vkyfief;uawmh tcktcsdefxdvnfywfaewmawGYcJh&ygw,f/ a&TpmykodrfxD;qdkifuykodrfjrdKU rSm&Sdygw,f/uRefawmfwdk Y a&muf&SdoGm;wJhtcsdefrSmawmh EdkifiHjcm;om;tcsdKUykodrfxD;vma&muf avhvmaewmudkawGYcJh&ygw,f/

qdkiftwGif;rSmtouf(15)ESpft&G,fce f Y& S dw h Jr de f ;ry s d Kav;wpfO D ;uaq;a&mifrsdK;pHkeJYykodrfxD;Mum;rSmykodrfxD;awGudktvSqifaeyHkuEdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;udktxl;qGJaqmifaeygw,f/ tjcm;olrsm;uvnf; ykodrfxD;vkyfief;tqifhqifhudkvkyfaqmifaeMuygw,f/ ykodrfxD;vkyfief;[mtouft&G,f usm;rra&G;vkyfaqmifEdkifwJh vkyfief;wpfckyg/ a&Tpm ykodrfxD;vkyfief;rSmawmh 0efxrf;(45)a,muf ausmf&Sdygw,f/

w&vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;wJh AGDEdkif;bkwfMuD;udkvnf; awGY&ygw,f/a&TpmuxkwfwJhxD;awGudkEdkifiHjcm;aps;uGufudk tifwmeufu wpfqifhaps;uGufcsJUxGifw,fvdkYod&ygw,f/ jynfyEdkifiHrsm;tjzpf*smreD? jyifopf? tDwvDEdkifiHawGudk t"duxm;wifydkYjyD;aemufydkif;rSmawmh tar&duef? qGpfZmvef?

ykodrfxD;vkyfief;½H ktaemufbufuGif;jyifus,fMuD;xJrSmawmh a&mifpHkykodrfxD;awG rSdKvdkaygufaeovdkaevSef;tajcmufcHxm;wmudk awGY&ygw,f/ ]]zJom;ydwfom;awGeJY vkyfwmudkrdk;a&qdkcHatmif obm0w,foD;eJY yDavmyDeHaumfudkokwfNyD; vkyf&ygw,f/ 'grSMuHhMuHhcdkifrSmyg/ xD;vkyfwJh0g;awGudkawmh acsmif;omwdkYaiGaqmifwdkYuckwfNyD; wpfESpfavmufavSmifxm;&ygw,f/ a&pdrfavSmifxm;jyD;awmh udk,fvdkcsifwJhtwdkif;twmudk jzwfawmuf,l&ygw,f}}vdkYa&TpmxD;vkyfief;ydkif&Sifudkrif;EdkifuvSef;xm;wJh a&mifpHkykodrfxD;awGudkvufndK;nTefjyD; xD;vkyfyHktqifhqifhudk tao;pdwf&Sif;jyygw,f/udkrif;EdkifwdkYrdom;pkpOfqufu a&TpmxD;vkyfief;udkvkyfudkif vmwmESpf(100)ausmfMumjrifhvmjyDjzpfjyD;awmh udkrif;Edkifu (2013)ckESpftwGuf EdkifiHawmfor®wucsD;jrifhwJh EdkifiHpGrf;aqmif&nfqkudk&&Sdxm;olyg/

EdkifiHjcm;om;awGu jrefrmh&dk;&mykodrfxD;awGudk aeyl'PfcHEdkifwJhtwGufaMumifh txl;pdwf0ifpm;Muygw,f/ykodrfjrdKUrSmawmh &dk;&m ykodrfxD;udkraqmif;awmhwmeJYywfoufjyD; udkrif;Edkifu]]tckacwfrSmusaemfwdkYArmvlrsdK;awGu &dk;&mudkodyfwefzdk;rxm;Muawmhbl;/ acwfay:udkwefzdk;xm;aeMuawmholrsm;'DZdkif;awGudktwk,lMuw,f/udk,fh&dk;&mudkawmharYaewwfMuw,f}} vdkYajymygw,f/ jrefrm½dk;&m ykodrfxD;awGudk jrefrmEdkifiHwpf0ef;rSmawmh EdkifiHjcm;om; trsm;pkvma&mufwwfwJh bk&m;ausmif;uef? [dkw,fawG?pm;aomufqdkifawGeJY urf;ajcurf;pyfawGrSmyJtrsm;qHk;toHk;jyKMuygawmhw,f/ a&TpmxD;vkyfief;u xkwfwJh ykodrfxD;awGudkjynfwGif;rSmawmh&efukef? rEÅav;eJYyk*H? tif;av; pwJhNrdKUawGudk t"duxm;ydkYw,fvdkY od&ygw,f/

a&TpmykodrfxD;vkyfief;rSmawmh ykodrfxD;t&G,ftpm;rsdK;pHk xkwfvkyfjyD;ykodrfxD; tao;wpfvufudk jrefrmaiG (2000)usyfjzifh jynfwGif;aps;uGufrSma&mif;csygw,f/

ykodrfxD;awGudk jynfwGif;rSmpdwf0ifpm;rIenf;vmayr,fh jynfyEdkifiHrsm;uawmhtxl;pdwf0ifpm;aeMuygw,f/ a&TpmykodrfxD; vkyfief;puf½HkwGif;rSmawmh vma&mufMunfh&IUavhvm0,f,lwJh EdkifiHjcm;om;awG trSwf

e,l;ZDvef EdkifiHawGuvnf;pdwf0ifpm;rI&Sdvmw,fvdkY a&Tpmvkyfief;ydkif&Sif uajymjyygw,f/

ykodrfxD;awGudkEdkifiHwumu MudKufESpfoufwJh'DZdkif;awGeJY jrefrmh,Ofaus;rIrysufatmifvkyfaqmif ay;rIawGvnf;&Sdygw,f/ ]]EdkifiHjcm; om;awGuvmawmholwdk Yutdkif'D,may;oGm;w,f? Oyrmudk;&D;,m;vlrsdK;qdk&if b,fvdk'DZdkif;av;awGolwdkYqDrSma&mif;&r,f qdkjyD;tMuHay;oGm;wmawG&S dygw,f/ udk,fh½d k;&mvnf;rysuf&atmif olwdkYtMuHeJYaygif;vkyf Muw,f}}vdkY udkrif;Edkifuqdkygw,f/

*smreDeJ Y jyifopfEd kifiHwdk YrSmawmhykodrfxD;wpfvufudk,l½dk(800)xday;0,fae&ygw,fvdkYod&ygw,f/ ykodrfxD;aps;uGufudkEdkifiHjcm;uydkjyD;pdwf0ifpm;vmatmifEdkifiHawmftultnDvnf; vdktyfaeygw,f/]]Ed kifiHjcm;&if;ES D;jrKyfES HrItwGufaiGaMu;jrKyfES Hzd k Yvdkw,f/ aps;uGufutus,fMuD;udkaygufNyD;NyD? 'gayrJh jrKyfESHrIuenf;aew,f/ jrKyfESHrIrsm;vm&ifawmhaps;uGufutus,fMuD;jzpfoGm;r,f}}vdkYudkrif;Edkifuqdkygw,f/

ykodrfxD;vkyfief;[m jrefrmh½dk;&mvufrIvkyfief;tjzpf EdkifiHwumupdwf0ifpm;ovdk jrefrmh&dk;&mykodrfxD;vkyfief;udk ykodrfol? ykodrfom;wdkYuvnf; ½dk;&mtarGtESpfraysmufysufatmifxdef;odrf;zdkYvdktyfaew,fvdkYpOf;pm;&if;aw;oH&Sif(OD;)

oef;xGef;av;&JUuRefawmhfrrykodrfol aw;oD;csif;av;xJu ykodrfxD;av;udkjrifa,mifrd&if; aw;oGm;wcsdKUuuRefawmhfem;xJrSm tckvdkyJMum;a,mifaerdygawmhw,f/ ...]]ykodrf xD;av;eJY ½Hk;oGm;½Hk;jyef,Ofw,fwrl. . . ykodrfxdyfxm;tvSbGJU udkvJ,l}}/ /

aejynfawmfwGif The Rich Gems ausmufrsufta&mif;qkdifzGifh

aejynfawmf 'ud©PoD&dNrdKUe,f a&TMumyif&yfuGuf ausmufrsuftacsmxnfaps; JM065 &Sd The Rich Gems ausmufrsufta&mif;qkdifzGifhyGJukd 2014 ar 17 &uf nae em&DwGif qkdifa&SUrsufESmpmü usif;yonf/ a&S;OD;pGm EkdifiHawmfor®w½kH; 'kwd,0efBuD; a'gufwm0if;jrifhESifhwufa&mufvmMuonfh {nfhonfawmfwkdYu The Rich Gems qdkifukdzJBudK;jzwfzGifhvSpfay;Muonf/

,if;aemuf 'kwd,0efBuD;ESifh wufa&mufvmMuolwdkYonf qdkiftwGif; cif;usif;jyoxm;aom ausmufrsuf&wemtacsmxnfvuf0wf&wemrsm;twGuf od&Sdvkdonfukd avhvmar;jref;Mu&m qkdifrS0efxrf;rsm;u &Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/ qufvufí wufa&mufvmMuonfh{nfhonfawmfrsm;tm; qkdif0if;twGif;üyif Ghost Rider Band aw;*DwtzGJU\ azsmfajzrIESifhtwl &if;ESD;cifrifpGmjzifhtpm;tpm okH;aqmifMuaMumif;od&onf/ *D

Page 21: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

19

&efukef ar (14)&efukef ar (14)&efukef ar (14)&efukef ar (14)&efukef ar (14)vli,fuAsmq&m(7)OD;aygif;

pyfzefwD;xm;wJh umvmwloufwHhuAsmpkpnf;rI uAsmpmtkyfrdwfqufyGJESifh uAsm&GwfqkdyGJukd ar(14)&ufu &efukefNrdKU? Akdvfatmifausm fvrf;& S d[kr f;wGi f jyKvky fc J honf/ tqkdygyGJwGif uAsmq&mum&HcsKd? csrf;a0Ekdif? oQif½dk;vl?aqGNidPf;opf? armifaqmif;c?ppfrif;ae? avaoG;ndKwkdYrS uAsmpmtkyfwGifyg&Sdaom¤if;wkdY\ uAsmrsm;ukd &GwfqkdcJhMuonf/

uAsmq&m0kdifcsKd trSmpma&;xm;onfh tqkdyguAsmpmtkyfwGif uAsmtyk'fa& (50)ausmfyg0ifNyD; vli,fwpfa,mufpmtkyfwdkufrS xkwfa0xm;jcif;jzpfonf/

]]uRefawmfwkdY&JU'Pf&mrsm;jzpfcJhygw,f/ vrf;wl&ifvlcsif;awGUMurSmyg}}[k pmtkyfausmbufwGifygonfhuAsmq&marmifacsmEG,f\ uAsmtwkdif; uAsmq&mckepfazmfu ¤if;wkdY\ cHpm;csuf? ,HkMunfcsufrsm;ukd&J&J0Hh0Hha&;om;xm;onfh uAsmrsm;yg0ifonfh uAsmpmtkyfwpftkyfjzpfonf/ PK

MILD SEVEN onf jrefrmwkdYESifh rpdrf;/ MILD SEVEN onfjrefrmwkdYukd y½kdrdk;&Sif; ykHo@mefrsKd;pkHESifh qGJaqmifcJhzl;onf/ MILDSEVEN onf jrefrmjynfwGif aps;uGufa0pkwpfckcdkifcdkifrmrm&cJhonf/onfhaemufydkif; MILD SEVEN onf Nidrfcsufom;aumif;oGm;cJhjyefonf/ck MILD SEVEN onf wpfausmhjyef0ifa&mufvmcJhjyefonf/ MILDSEVEN ykd½kdrkd;&Sif;yGJukd &efukef-rEÅav;NrdKUrsm;wGif crf;crf;em;em;pnfpnfum;um;usif;ycJhonf/ *RefvGifonf Thai Dancer rsm; azsmfajza&;orm;rsm;ukd zdwfac:í jynfwGif;rS emrnfBuD; tqkdawmfrsm;ukd LazyClub ESifh wGJzufí wpfausmhjyef MILD SEVEN ukd yGJxkwfcJhonf/&efukef qD'kdem;[kdw,fwGif 2014 ar 21 &uf nu usif;ycJhaomMILD SEVEN y½kdrkd;&Sif;yGJwGif MILD SEVEN rS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;\toHuvnf; pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfonf/

]]tm;vHk;yJ MuGa&mufcsD;jrSifhMuwJh ukefonfBuD;rsm;? {nfhonfawmfrsm;tm;vHk;ukd r*FvmygvdkY EIwfcGef;qufygw,f/ 'DaeY rdkif;qJAif;ukdw&m;0ifjzefYjzL;a&mif;cscGifh&wJhtxdrf;trSwftaeeJY 'DvdkyGJav;usif;ycGifh&wmukd txl;yJ*kPf,lrdygw,f/ uGsefawmfhemrnfuawmh u,fAD,maygvif;jzpfygw,f/ *syefwdkbufukd;tifwmae½Sife,f&JU jrefrmjynfqdkif&m General Manager jzpfygw,f/

tm;vHk;u rdkif;qJAif;qdkwJhtrSwfwHqdyfukd odNyD;om;jzpfrSmyg/'gayr,fh 'Drdkif;qJAif;ukd xkwfvkyfay;aewJh JTI taMumif;udkawmhodMuao;r,frxifygbl;/ tJ'gaMumifh enf;enf;avmufa0rQay;csifygw,f/ *syefwd kbufuk d;tifwmae½Sife,f JTI [mqd k&if *syefwdkbufukd;&JU tjynfjynfqdkif&mXmecGJwpfckjzpfygw,f/ 'DukrÜPD[mtjynfjynfqdkif&m ukrÜPDjzpfNyD;awmh EdkifiHaygif; (220) ausmfrSm½ H k ;c G J aw Gwnf½ S d y gw,f/ uG se fawm f hq Dr S m r d k i f ;q JAi f ;tjyi femrnfBuD;wHqdyfawGjzpfwJh [efe,feJY0pf pwef trSwfwHqdyfawGygx kw fv ky f aewm jzp f y gw, f / urm Ç r S memrn f t Bu D ;q H k ;pD;u&uftrSwfwHqdyfig;ckxJu oHk;ck[mqdkvkdY½Sd&if uGsefawmfwdkY JTIu xkwfvkyfay;aewmjzpfygw,f/ rd kif;qJAif;u tJ'DoHk;ckxJu

eHygwfoHk;ae&mrSm½Sdaewmjzpfygw,f/*syefwdkbufukd;[m jrefrmEdkifiHrSm EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrSyfESHrItaeeJY

pwifwJhtcsdefupNyD;awmh yxrqHk;&if;ESD;jrSyfESHcJhwJhtjynfjynfqdkif&mukrÜPDawGxJu wpfckjzpfygw,f/ touft½G,fa&mufNyD;om; jrefrmaq;vdyfaomufoHk;olawGeJY EdkifiHwumt&nftaoG;rDwJh ypönf; awGukdoifhwifhrQwwJhaps;EIef;eJY 0,f,laomufoHk;EdkifzdkY tcGifhta&;½Sdoifhw,fvdkY,HkMunfrdygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh rdkif;qJAif;ukd tJ'DvdkrsdK;awG &½Sdatmifa&mif;csay;oGm;rSmyg/ tm;vHk;odMuwJhtwdkif;ygyJ urmÇUeHygwfwpfxJuwpfckjzpfwJh 'Drdkif;qJAif;trSwfwHqdyf[m jrefrmEdkifiHrSm t&ifwkef; dutyfree qdkifawG? EdkifiHjcm;t0iftxGufrsm;wJhae&mawGrSm t&ifuwnf;0,f,l&½SdEdkifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh rdkif;qJAif;ukd BudKufawmhBudKufw,f/ aps;t&rf;BuD;vGef;w,fqdkwJhpum;rsdK;awG? NyD;awmh rdkif;qJAif;u ypönf;jywfoGm;w,f/ 0,fcsifwdkif;0,fvdkYr&bl;qdkwmawGukd jyefMum;&ygw,f/tJ'gaMumifhrdkYvdkYvnf; tckvdk jynfwGif;aps;uGuf&JUemrnf ausmfMum;vlBudKufrsm;wJh brand rdkif;qJAif;ukd 'Dvdk0,f,lrItm;awGukd jznfhwif;ay;Edkifatmif? vdktyfcsufawGtm;vHk;ukd jznfhqnf;ay;Edkifatmif w&m;0ifjzef Y jzL; a&mif;cszd k Y pDpOfwmjzpfygw,f/ tckqdk&if rd kif;qJAif;ukdEdkifiHwumtqifhrD wdkbufukd;b&ef;'ufeJY jynfyuoGif;vmwJh ukefMurf;awGtoHk;jyKNyD;awmh *syefwdkbufukd;&JUt&nftaoG; tjynfhtrDeJYjynfwGif;rSm pwifxkwfvkyfEd kifygNyD/ uGsefawmfwdk Ypuf½H k[mqdk&ifurmÇay:rSm acwftrDqHk; JTI facility awGxJu wpfcktygt0ifjzpfvmygNyD/ uRefawmfwdkY&JUpufypönf;awGqdk&ifvnf; aemufqHk;acwfrDenf;ynmawGeJYjyKvkyfxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ 'gawG[mqdk&if uGsefawmfwdkYxkwfukefawG&JU t&nftaoG;vwfqwfrI½Sdaeatmif tNrJwap csrSwfay;rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkt&nftaoG;jynfhpHkwJh uGsefawmfwdkY&JU rdkif;qJAif;pD;u&ufAl;wpfAl;ukd tckqdk&if 0,f,loHk;pGJ&if jrefrmusyfaiG (1200)wnf;eJY 0,f,l&½SdawmhrSmjzpfygw,f/ uGsefawmfajymEdkifygw,f/ 'g[mEdkifiHwumt&nftaoG;rDwJh pD;u&ufukd wu,fukdoifhawmfwJhaps;EIef;eJYoufoufomom a&mif;csay;oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/

uGsefawmfwdkY&JU pD;yGm;bufvkyfazmfukdifbuf ukefonfBuD;rsm;taeeJYvlBuD;rif;wdkY[m {NyDvukefuwnf;u rdkif;qJAif;ukd a&mif;csay;cJhMuw,fqdkwm odygw,f/ 'D brand ukd tm;oGefcGefpdkufaxmufyHhay;xm;wmukdvnf; aus;Zl;wif&ygw,f/ NyD;awmh a&mif;csrIaps;EIef;opf(1200) usyfqdkwmaMumifhvnf; 0,f,lrItm;awG jrifhrm;vmwmukdvnf;awGU&ygw,f/ tckqdk&if rdkif;qJAif;ukd qdkifawmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm aMumfjim

ay;aewm awGU½Sd&ygw,f/ vufzuf&nfqdkifawG? pm;aomufqdkifawGrSmvnf; sale wpfcktaeeJY yl;aygif;NyD;aqmif½Gufay;aewmudkvnf;jrifawGUE d ki fygw,f/ 'gaMumif hr d k Yvd k Y tckvGe fc J hwJ htywfawGr SmuGsefawmfwdkYukd tckvdkulnDaxmufyHhay;cJhMuwJh 'DuvlBuD;rif;tm;vHk;ukduGsefawmfukd,fwdkifukd,fus aus;Zl;wif½SdwJhtaMumif; ajymMum;yg&ap/

JTI eJY olU&JUjynfwGif; partner jzpfwJh zdk;uyfpwm;wdkY[m tradepartner BuD;awGeJY pnf;pnf;vHk;vHk;yl;aygif;NyD;awmh aqmif½Gufr,fhtay:rSm ,HkMunfcsuftjynfht0½Sdygw,f/ trSefqdk&if vlBuD;rif;wdkYujyefvnfa&mif;csay;ae½Hkwifr[kwfygbl;/ JTI &JU pD;yGm;buf vufwGJazmfawGqdk&ifvnf; rrSm;ygbl;/ EdkifiHwumtqifhrD y&DrD;,rf t&nftaoG;jzpfwJh rdkif;qJAif;trSwfwHqdyfukda&mif;csay;jcif;jzifh vlBuD;rif;wdkYqdkifrSmomrefeJ Yrwl tvm;tvmaumif;wmawG zefwD;ay;Ed ki fr,fvd k Y,HkMunfygw,f/ NyD;awmh wjcm;xkwfukeftrsdK;tpm;awGuaevnf;0ifaiGawG ykdwdk;vmrSmjzpfwJhtwGuf 'g[m JTI a&m zdk;uyfpwm;a&mvlBuD;rif;wdkYtwGufyg tm;vHk;tusdK;½SdaprSmjzpfygw,f/

jrefrmEdkifiHrSm rdkif;qJAif;trSwfwHqdyf tjynfht0atmifjrifvdrfhr,fvdkY uGsefawmf,HkMunfygw,f/ 'DatmifjrifrI[m uGsefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;&JUatmifjrifrIygyJ/ urmÇUeHygwfwpf trSwfwHqdyfjzpfwJh rdkif;qJAif;[mvlodrsm;a&yef;pm;NyD;awmh y&DrD,rfwHqdyfwpfckyg/ 'gaMumifh touft½G,f&NyD;wJh aq;vdyfaomufoHk;olawGukd *syefEdkifiH&JUjynfhrDwJht&nftaoG;ukd wu,fukdoufomwJhaps;EIef;eJY cHpm;apwmyg/ tm;vHk;twlwlyl;aygif;aqmif½Gufjcif;tm;jzifh uGsefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;twGuf tusdK;tjrwfawG&vmrSm usdef;aojzpfygw,f/ oHk;pGJolawGtwGuf tusdK;tjrwf&r,fhJTI eJY zdk;uyfpwm;[mvnf; tusdK;tjrwf&r,f/ vlBuD;rif;wdkYtwGufvnf; tusdK;tjrwf&rSm usdef;aojzpfygw,fcifAsm;/ xyfNyD;awmh[dk;t&ifuwnf;u axmufcHay;cJhMuwJh 'DuvlBuD;rif;awGtm;vHk;ukdtxl;yJaus;Zl;wifygw,f/ qufvufNyD;awmhvnf; rdkif;qJAif;wHqdyfukdjrefrmjynfrSm ykdNyD;atmifjrifvmatmif yHhykd;ay;OD;rvJqdkwm apmifharQmfaeygw,f/ yHhykd;ay;vdrfhr,fvdkYvnf; tjynfht0,HkMunf ygw,fcifAsm;/vlBuD;rif;tm;vHk;ukd txl;yJaus;Zl;wifygw,f/ r*Fvm½SdwJhnaecif;rSmaysmf½TifMuygap}}

rnfokdYjzpfap pD;u&ufaomufokH;jcif;onf usef;rma&;ukd qkd;&Gm;pGmxdcdkufapwmawmh trSefyifjzpfonf/

RETURN OF MILD SEVEN

"mwfyk H - nDnDvGif"mwfyk H - nDnDvGif"mwfyk H - nDnDvGif"mwfyk H - nDnDvGif"mwfyk H - nDnDvGif

uAsmq&m(7)OD;&JY umvmwloufwHUuAsmpkpnf;rI

&efukef vomvrf; trSwf 136 wGifzGifhvSpfxm;onfh pkdajypGmoufoufvGwfpm;awmfqufokdYa&mufonf/ Customer wpfOD;a&muf ESifhaeonf/ cPaeawmh tqkdyg Customer tm; pkdajypGmrS0efxrf;uav;wpfOD;u xrif;wpfyGJESifh [if;wpfyGJvmcsay;onfukd awGUvkduf &onf/ xkdtcgCustomer u olUtwGufvmcsay;aom [if;ukdMunfhum ]]'guMuufawGyJ igrSmwm0ufaveifwdkYukdrSm&if *½kukdrpkdufbl;/ tNrJwrf;onfvkdcsnf;yJ xm;cJhxm;cJhawmh}}[kqkdum Nrdef&nf,Suf&nftm;ay;aeonfukdawGUjrif&aomtcg ..../

aemu

fausmzkH;rS

aemu

fausmzkH;rS

aemu

fausmzkH;rS

aemu

fausmzkH;rS

aemu

fausmzkH;rS

Page 22: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

20

zm;uefhNrdKYe,fü bdef;jzLrIefhrsm;odrf;qnf;&rd

trSwf (2)rl;,pfaq;0g;wm;qD;ESdrfESif;a&;&JwyfzGJUpk(jrpfBuD;em;)rS 'k&JtkyfcifaZmf\rl;,pfaq;0g;owif;BudK;yrf;pHkprf;azmfxkwfcsuft& zm;uefYNrdKUe,f? armf0rf;vIyf&Sm;rItzGJUrS &Jtkyfpkd;&efvif;OD;pD;aomwyfzGJU0ifrsm;? qdyfrlvIyf&Sm;tzGJUrS &Jtkyfpkdif;pHaz OD;pD;aomwyfzGJU0ifrsm; wmrcefvIyf&Sm;tzGJUrS &Jtkyfausmfol OD;pD;aomwyfzGJU0ifrsm; yl;aygif;íoufaorsm;ESifhtwl ar (10)&uf eHeuf (11)em&D (45)rdepfcefYwGif qdyfrlaus;&GmtkyfpkarSmf&Sefaus;&Gm &yfuGuf (1) Dvkdif;&Sd rcifrmaqG\aetdrfokdY 0ifa&mufppfaq;&SmazG&m¤if;ukdaetdrfütoifhawGU&Sd&NyD; aetdrfrD;zkdaqmifteD; ausmufyHkatmufokd0Sufxm;onfhteufa&mif <uyf<uyftdwftwGif;xnfhvsuf bdef;jzLrIefY[k,lq&aom tav;csdef(okn 'or 2)*&rfcefYpDyg yife,fqvifykvif; (18)vHk;? bdef;jzLrIefY[k,lq&aompkpkaygif;tav;csdef (3 'or 6)*&rfcefY (bdef;jzLrIefY wpf*&rfvQif (95000)usyfEIef;jzifha'owefzkd;aiGusyf (342000)) odrf;qnf;&rdojzifh rcifrmaqG (23)ESpf(b)OD;armifvHk;tm; zm;uefYNrdKU NrdKUr&Jpcef;u r,(y)92^2014? rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifhpdwfukd ajymif;vJapaom aq;0g;rsm;qkdif&mOya'yk'fr 15^19(u)t& trIzGifhta&;,l xm;aMumif;od&onf/ xufolatmifxufolatmifxufolatmifxufolatmifxufolatmifoOÆm0ifhausmf ema&;ulnDrItoif;(&efukef)okdY usyfESpfodef;vSL'gef;

&efukef ar (22)&efukef ar (22)&efukef ar (22)&efukef ar (22)&efukef ar (22)½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmif oOÆm0ifhausmfonf 2014 ar 22 &ufaeYu ema&;ulnDrItoif;(&efukef)wGif vkyftm;'geukokdvfjyKcJhum

aiGusyf ESpfodef;vSL'gef;cJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ ema&;ulnDrItoif;(&efukef) Ouú|OD;ausmfolrS *kPfjyKvTmjyefvnfay;tyfcJhonf[kqkdonf/YOH

City FM owif;orm;rsm;ESifUawGYqkH City FM ykHpHopfawGY jrifMu&rnf[kqkd

&efukef ar (23)&efukef ar (23)&efukef ar (23)&efukef ar (23)&efukef ar (23)City FM a&'D,dkonf acguf½kd;usKd;

aeaom jrefrmhtoHa&'D,kd\£ajE´BuD;rIrsm;ukdcsKd;zsufum vIdif;opfwpfckukd ykHazmf

xkwfvTifhcJhonf/ a0zefrI?xkd;ESufrI?[efYwm;rI? ydwfqkdYrIrsm;Mum;rS½kef;xum CityFM a&'D,kdukdvrf;opfazmufEkdifcJhonf/onfbufacwfwGif FM vdkif;rsm;pGmxGef;

opfvmaomtcg City FMonf ykHpHopfajymif;vJrnf[kqkdonf/ onfhtwGufCity FM ½kH;csKyfwGif 2014 ar 23 &ufaeYv,fykdif;u owif;orm;rsm;awGUqkHítoday;ajymMum;cJhonf/ City FM \acgif;ukdifzcifBuD;OD;vSjrifhaqG taxGaxGrefae*smq&mOD;&JEdkifpkd;? 'ktaxGaxGrefae*smOD;cifarmifjrifh ('g½kdufwmwkEIdif;c)wkdYrSowif;orm;rsm;tm; City FM a&SUc&D;tm;&Sif;vif;ajymMum;cJhonf/ &efukefNrdKUawmftwGif; xl;jcm;jzpfpOf owif;rsm;ukdtcsdefESif hwajy;nD xkwfvTif hEk dif&eftwGuf jyifyowif;axmufrsm;rSay;ykd Yaom owif;rsm;ukdpdppfítcsdefESifhwajy;nDxkwfvTifhoGm;&ef? ½kyf&Sif? obif? *Dw?pmayponfh tEkynmydkif;qkdif&m vIyf&Sm;rIowif;rsm;udk owif;ykHpHjzifhxkwfvTifh&ef pDpOfn§dEIdif;vsuf&SdaMumif; od&Sd&onf/Ctiy FM onf 24 em&DxkwfvTifhaeonfhwpfck wnf;aom FM vdkif;wpfckjzpfNyD;ukdukd;uRef;rSty &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;tESHYESifh {&m0wDwkdif;? yJcl;wkdif;? rGefjynfe,fwkdYwGif zrf;,lem;qifEkdifNyD[kqkdonf/

YOH

pdefeef;awmfe,fajrcsJY &efukef oCFef;uRef; Ocean rSmqdkifopfzGifU

&efukef ar (18)&efukef ar (18)&efukef ar (18)&efukef ar (18)&efukef ar (18)(2014) ar (18)&uf eHeufydkif;u &efukef oCFef;uRef; Ocean wGif pdefeef;awmf

qdkifopfzGifhyGJwpf&yf usif;ycJh&m 0,f,ltm;ay;ol trsm;tjym;vma&muf csD;jr§ifhcJhMuaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ YOH

"mwfykH-"mwfykH-"mwfykH-"mwfykH-"mwfykH-ZMN

"mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - ZMN

Photo-ema&;ulnDrItoif;(&efukef)ema&;ulnDrItoif;(&efukef)ema&;ulnDrItoif;(&efukef)ema&;ulnDrItoif;(&efukef)ema&;ulnDrItoif;(&efukef)

rZdÑrowif;pmwpfESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwfaqG;aEG;yGJESifh npmpm;yGJjyKvkyf

&efukef ar (23)&efukef ar (23)&efukef ar (23)&efukef ar (23)&efukef ar (23)rZÑdrowif;pm\ ar 24 &ufwGif

usa&mufonfh wpfESpfjynfhtxdrf;trSwftaejzifh usifh0wfvkdufem owif;orm;aumif;aqG;aEG;yGJESifh wpfESpfjynfh*kPfjyKnpmpm;yGJukd ar 23 &ufaeYu wpf&ufwnf; usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/

wpfESpfjynfhtxdrf;trSwftaejzifh

jyKvkyfaom usifh0wfvdkufem owif;orm;aumif;aqG;aE G ;y G Juk d ar 23&ufaeYv,f 3 em&DwGif &efukefNrdKUawmfcef;rteD;&Sd Orchid Hotel City Hall wGifjyKvkyfcJhNyD; owif;pmq&mOD;&JEkdifrkd;? VoiceDaily t,f'DwmcsKyfO D;ausmfrif;aqG?Myanmar Times ESifh 7 Days News rStBuD;wef;owif;axmufESp fO D ;wk d Yu

yg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhMuNyD; wufa&muf vmMuonf h owi f ;orm ;r s m ;uvnf ;owif;usifh0wfESifhywfoufí t"duaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/

rZÑdrowif;pm\ wpfESpfjynfhnpmpm;yG Jukd tqdkygaeYnae 6 em&DwGif&efukefNrdKU? ewfarmufvrf;&Sd Dolphinpm;aomufqkdifwGif jyKvkyfcJ h NyD; rZÑdr

owif;pm\ trIaqmift&m&SdcsKyf OD;qefeDaqGESif h t,f'DwmcsKyfOD;pk d;jrif hwk d YutrSwfw&pum;ajymMum;cJ hum rZÑ drowif;pm\ wpfESpfwmtwGif; pGrf;aqmifEk difcJ haom owif;orm;rsm;ukdqkcsD;jr§ifhcJhonf/

rZÑdrowif;rD'D,my½kyfpfESifh OceanOperating Management Co.Ltd wdkY\

SMS owif;ESifh Mobile Phone a&'D,kdowif;0efaqmifrI vkyfief;rsm;twGufoabmwlnDrIvufrSwfa&;xkd;cJhMuonf/

]]rZÑdronf jrefrmhajray:wGif ppftmPm&SifpepfvkH;0csKyfNidrf;y aysmufapa&;twGuf b0awGESifh&if;NyD; wGef;vSefwdkufyGJ0ifcJhonfh jynfolY'Drkdua&pD vIyf&Sm;rIxJrS aygufzGm;vmonfh vGwfvyfaom rD'D,mwpfckjzpfonf/ owif;rD'D,mvGwfvyfcGifhtwGuf vGwfvyfonfhrD'D,mwpfcktaejzifh 16 ESpfausmfwkdufyGJ0ifcJhonfh rD'D,mwpfckjzpfygonf}}[kwpfESpfjynfh rZÑdrowif;pm t,f'DwmtmabmfwGiff a&;om;xm;onf/

rZÑdrrD'D,monf vuf&SdwGif rZÑdraeYpOfowif;pm(jrefrm)tjyif tywfpOft*FvdyfpD;yGm;a&;r*¾Zif;? rZÑdrjrefrmtifwmeufpmrsufESm? rZÑdr½kyfoHxkwfvTifhrIwdk Yuk d xkwfvTif ha&;om;jzef Ycs daeonfhowif;rD'D,mwpfckjzpfonf/

PK

Page 23: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

21

rEÅav; ar (18)rEÅav; ar (18)rEÅav; ar (18)rEÅav; ar (18)rEÅav; ar (18)(2008)ckESpfzGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'jyifqifa&;wGif wyfrawmfom;rsm;taejzifh owÅd&SdpGmtrSef

w&m;udk&ifqdkifí jynfolvlxkbufu &yf&efvdkaMumif;a':atmifqef;pkMunfu pdefac:ajymqdkvdkufonf/ zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifa&;wGif t"duusonfh yk'fr(436)tm;jyifqif&ef arv(18)&ufaeYu rEÅav;jrdKUatmifyifv,fuGif;wGif usif;yonfh vlxka[majymyGJü ,ckuJhodkYpdefac:ajymjcif;jzpfonf/

a':atmifqef;pkMunfu usrwdkYwyfrawmf[m trSefw&m;udk&ifqdkifvdkufyg/ &ifqdkifjyD;awmhzGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'udkjynfolvlxktwGuftaumif;qHk;jzpfatmifvdkYOya'abmiftwGif;u vGwfawmftwGif;uusKyfwdkYawGjyifqifoGm;r,fusKyfwdkYawG[m tmPmrufarmvdkYtxl;tcGifhta&; rufarmvdkYae&mrufarmvdkYvkyfaewmr[kwfbl;qdkwmoufaoxljyvdkufygvdkY uRefrwdkufwGef;csifygw,f/wdkufwGef;w,fvdkYqdk&if wpfenf;tm;jzifhvnf;pdefac:rIvdkYajymvdkY&ygw,f/ uRefrpdefac:ygw,f[kajymonf/

wyfrawmf\wm0efonf jynfolvlxkESifhwdkif;jynfudkumuG,f&efjzpfjyD; tkyfcsKyf&eftwGuf r[kwfaMumif; a':atmifqef;pkMunfuajymonf/ wyfrawmf&Jhwm0ef[m jynfoludktkyfcsKyfzdkYqdkwJh&nf&G,feJYazazuaejyD;awmh wyfrawmfudkxlaxmifcJhwmr[kwfygbl;/ tJ'Dawmhusrajymcsifw,f/wyfrawmfom;awG owÅd&dS&SdeJYb,feJYppfom;yJ'DavmufawmhowÅd&Sd&rSmaygh/ owÅd&Sd&SdeJYtrSefw&m;udk&ifqdkifyg[ka':atmifqef;pkMunfuajymonf/ wyfrawmfom;rsm;taejzifh wdkif;jynfESifh jynfolvlxkudktrSefwu,fcspfjrwfEdk;ygu ,ckESpftwGif;vGwfawmfwGif;uaeí zGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'jyifEdkifa&;twGufyl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufMu&ef a':atmifqef;pkMunfuwdkufwGef;cJhonf/rEÅav;jrdKU?atmifyifv,fuGif;wGifusif;yonfh zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yk'fr (436)tm;jyifqifEdkifa&;a[majymyGJodkY vlOD;a&(3)odef;ausmfwwfa&mufcJhonf/

a':atmifqef;pkMunftaejzifh (2008)ckESpf zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifa&;wGif wyfrawmfom;rsm;yg0if&eftMudrfMudrfajymqdkrIrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; wyfrawmfom;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftcsdKUuzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifa&;onf a':atmifqef;pkMunf or®wjzpfvdkaomaMumifhomjzpfaMumif; wHkYjyefajymqdkaerIrsm;udk owif;rsm;uazmfjyaeonf/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfrI;MuD;rif;atmifvSdKifu (2008) zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifa&;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk tajccHOya'abmiftwGif;uomaqmif&GufrnfjzpfjyD;? tajccHOya'rSmyg0ifonfh wdkif;&if;om;rsm;ESifh jynfe,fvTwfawmfrsm;&JUtcef;u@udkom wdk;jrifhay;rnfh jyXmef;csufrsm;udkomjyifqifvdkaMumif;NyD;cJhonfh wyfrawmfaeYrdefYcGef;wGifxnfhoGif;ajymMum;xm;onf/

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDopfrSwdkif;a'oMuD; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;ausmfu zGJYpnf;yHk tajccHOya'udkOya'abmiftwGif;ujyifzdk Y jyifopfwmawGjyifzdk Y zGJ Ypnf;yHk tajccHOya'jyifqifpdppfa&;aumfrwDwpf&yfzGJUpnf;xm;NyDyJ/ tJ'Duaewpfqifh jyifzdkYaqG;aEG;Mu&if ydkoifhawmfr,f[kajymonf/vTwfawmfwGif;&Sdwyfrawmfom; (25)&mcdkifESKef;taejzifhzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'tm; umuG,fa&;onft"duwm0efjzpfonf[kusrf;opömjyKxm;aMumif; OD;ausmfuaxmufjyajymqdkonf/ apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;

zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifa&;wGiff trSefw&m;udk&ifqdkif&efa':atmifqef;pkMunf wyfrawmfudkpdefac:

Page 24: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

22

Mandalay Thein Zawa'gufwmbGJUt&SifusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfocifa'gufwmbGJUt&SifusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfocifa'gufwmbGJUt&SifusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfocifa'gufwmbGJUt&SifusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfocifa'gufwmbGJUt&SifusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfocif(*kPylZmaw;xyf)(*kPylZmaw;xyf)(*kPylZmaw;xyf)(*kPylZmaw;xyf)(*kPylZmaw;xyf)___________________________________________vufawGUvdkufem opöm"r®awGeJYtppfobm0 azGMuap&marwÅm"r® a0iSygonfa0ae,sawG usihfapom;usdKufxD;aqmif;ajrrS r[max&farmfonfurmÇajray: xGef;awmufapom; .....ig;okH;vD[k wynfh'umawGukdtodomap oifjyrem;u0dr[max&f txifu&tm;awGeJYjriforQMum;orQ&Muykanowfcdk;vdrfnm tdrf&mtrSm;awGeY Jaoaomufpm;wkdY uif;Muygapig;jzmteEÅ tNrJ½kdaoumvGJtykdawG pm&if;0ifrvGJMuapzkdYjrif;qifuRJEGm;0uf tom;ukda&Smifumw&m;zuf tm;ukdaqmifygt&Sifynm'Dy tbd"Zr[max&fukdtwdt0o'´gawGykd ylaZmfMuonfyav; ....a&;om;ylaZmf = ajrvwfrif;vGifçoDqkdylaZmf = rEåav;odef;aZmf

tZ#mtEkynm (xkdif;EkdifiH?t,k'¨,NrdKU)

heJYMunfarGUom,m r*Fvm&SdvSygayoudk/Nilar Aung - tpfudkYyDwdu uRefrwdkYqDa&mufvmw,f/Kyaw Kyaw Aung Amd av;pm;yg\/ urf;vufrsm;usufoa&

r*Fvm&SdvdkufyHku/

Mandalay Thein Zawok0PÖbkr®dqHawmf&SifomoemawmfjyK tbd"Zt*¾r[mo'¨r®ok0PÖbkr® dqHawmf&SifomoemawmfjyK tbd"Zt*¾r[mo'¨r®ok0PÖbkr® dqHawmf&SifomoemawmfjyK tbd"Zt*¾r[mo'¨r®ok0PÖbkr® dqHawmf&SifomoemawmfjyK tbd"Zt*¾r[mo'¨r®ok0PÖbkr® dqHawmf&SifomoemawmfjyK tbd"Zt*¾r[mo'¨r®

aZmwdub'´EÅA&Sifynm'DyaZmwdub'´EÅA&Sifynm'DyaZmwdub'´EÅA&Sifynm'DyaZmwdub'´EÅA&Sifynm'DyaZmwdub'´EÅA&Sifynm'DyusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfBuD;tm;Ak'¨bmomusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfBuD;tm;Ak'¨bmomusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfBuD;tm;Ak'¨bmomusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfBuD;tm;Ak'¨bmomusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfBuD;tm;Ak'¨bmoma'oempOf(zDavmfaqmfzD)a'gufwmbGJUqufuyftyfESif;ía'oempOf(zDavmfaqmfzD)a'gufwmbGJUqufuyftyfESif;ía'oempOf(zDavmfaqmfzD)a'gufwmbGJUqufuyftyfESif;ía'oempOf(zDavmfaqmfzD)a'gufwmbGJUqufuyftyfESif;ía'oempOf(zDavmfaqmfzD)a'gufwmbGJUqufuyftyfESif;íxyfqifh*kPfjyKylaZmfaomtcrf;tem;okd Yxyfqifh*kPfjyKylaZmfaomtcrf;tem;okd Yxyfqifh*kPfjyKylaZmfaomtcrf;tem;okd Yxyfqifh*kPfjyKylaZmfaomtcrf;tem;okd Yxyfqifh*kPfjyKylaZmfaomtcrf;tem;okd Ywufa&mufMunfndKMuaomwufa&mufMunfndKMuaomwufa&mufMunfndKMuaomwufa&mufMunfndKMuaomwufa&mufMunfndKMuaomr[mjcLvmavmifuGefwuúokdvfrS&[ef;awmfrsm;r[mjcLvmavmifuGefwuúokdvfrS&[ef;awmfrsm;r[mjcLvmavmifuGefwuúokdvfrS&[ef;awmfrsm;r[mjcLvmavmifuGefwuúokdvfrS&[ef;awmfrsm;r[mjcLvmavmifuGefwuúokdvfrS&[ef;awmfrsm;19-5-201419-5-201419-5-201419-5-201419-5-2014(xkdif;EkdifiH?t,k'¨,)(xkdif;EkdifiH?t,k'¨,)(xkdif;EkdifiH?t,k'¨,)(xkdif;EkdifiH?t,k'¨,)(xkdif;EkdifiH?t,k'¨,)

axG;,SufvdkY ab;rJh&mawmif[dkpOftcg omoemtOD;tpxl;ywhJ onfawmonfawmifoHo&maESmif0#ftwGif;u vGwfuif;atmifvkdYr[m*½kPmukdaqmifork'´puf0J*,Sufu vGwfuif;atmifvkdY r[m*½kPmukdaqmifÓmPfarsmfjriftarGy qHawmf&Sifa0iSAk'¨ocifajcawmfcsí Asm'dwfcpcJhonhfawmawmif ...rkd;uodvnf;odvsufyJrkdY EIwfjzifhxkwf[rajymacs ...ajruodvnf; odvsufyJrkdYEIwfjzifhxkwf[rajymacs ...a&T&nfzdwfvuf"r®pufjzifhrdefY>rufqkH;r OD;ESdrfcsapzl;&apom; zGifhazmfnm;onf jrwf&SifoHCaus;Zl;wnf; ...xD;aqmif;q&mtzaus;Zl;wnf; ...t&Sifynm'Dyaus;Zl;wnf;...bkr®deufoefajr udef;0yfpHaysmfqHawmf&Sifrsm;zl;awGU&ravrodolajr odola&T&,fvkdY&mrnXmae wkdYjrefrmjynfomoemtpt

ajc a&TvdkvSwJhok0PÖbkrd®ajr ...(vGefcJ haom tESpfESpfq,fausmfu uRefawmfudk,fwdkifa&;om;(vGefcJ haom tESpfESpfq,fausmfu uRefawmfudk,fwdkifa&;om;(vGefcJ haom tESpfESpfq,fausmfu uRefawmfudk,fwdkifa&;om;(vGefcJ haom tESpfESpfq,fausmfu uRefawmfudk,fwdkifa&;om;(vGefcJ haom tESpfESpfq,fausmfu uRefawmfudk,fwdkifa&;om;

oDqdkylaZmfcJ haom "r®ylZmaw;jzpfygonf/ oDcsif;a&;zGJUEk difavmufoDqdkylaZmfcJ haom "r®ylZmaw;jzpfygonf/ oDcsif;a&;zGJUEk difavmufoDqdkylaZmfcJ haom "r®ylZmaw;jzpfygonf/ oDcsif;a&;zGJUEk difavmufoDqdkylaZmfcJ haom "r®ylZmaw;jzpfygonf/ oDcsif;a&;zGJUEk difavmufoDqdkylaZmfcJ haom "r®ylZmaw;jzpfygonf/ oDcsif;a&;zGJUEk difavmufonftxd uRefawmhrSm*DwynmruRrf;usifyg[k 0efcHvdkygonf/ odkY&monftxd uRefawmhrSm*DwynmruRrf;usifyg[k 0efcHvdkygonf/ odkY&monftxd uRefawmhrSm*DwynmruRrf;usifyg[k 0efcHvdkygonf/ odkY&monftxd uRefawmhrSm*DwynmruRrf;usifyg[k 0efcHvdkygonf/ odkY&monftxd uRefawmhrSm*DwynmruRrf;usifyg[k 0efcHvdkygonf/ odkY&mwGifb0wpfauGU0,fthHzG,fxl;uJawGU&dSvmaom qHawmf&Sif omoemESifhwGifb0wpfauGU0,fthHzG,fxl;uJawGU&dSvmaom qHawmf&Sif omoemESifhwGifb0wpfauGU0,fthHzG,fxl;uJawGU&dSvmaom qHawmf&Sif omoemESifhwGifb0wpfauGU0,fthHzG,fxl;uJawGU&dSvmaom qHawmf&Sif omoemESifhwGifb0wpfauGU0,fthHzG,fxl;uJawGU&dSvmaom qHawmf&Sif omoemESifhusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfBuD;tm; ,kHMunfaom? o&P*kHwnfaomusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfBuD;tm; ,kHMunfaom? o&P*kHwnfaomusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfBuD;tm; ,kHMunfaom? o&P*kHwnfaomusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfBuD;tm; ,kHMunfaom? o&P*kHwnfaomusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfBuD;tm; ,kHMunfaom? o&P*kHwnfaom

pdwfudktajcjyKtaMumif;cHí o'´gtm&kHjzihf a&;zGJUylpdwfudktajcjyKtaMumif;cHí o'´gtm&kHjzihf a&;zGJUylpdwfudktajcjyKtaMumif;cHí o'´gtm&kHjzihf a&;zGJUylpdwfudktajcjyKtaMumif;cHí o'´gtm&kHjzihf a&;zGJUylpdwfudktajcjyKtaMumif;cHí o'´gtm&kHjzihf a&;zGJUylaZmfc h Jygonf/ xd koDcsif;tm;em;axmifíjzpfap?aZmfch Jygonf/ xd koDcsif;tm;em;axmifíjzpfap?aZmfch Jygonf/ xd koDcsif;tm;em;axmifíjzpfap?aZmfch Jygonf/ xd koDcsif;tm;em;axmifíjzpfap?aZmfch Jygonf/ xd koDcsif;tm;em;axmifíjzpfap?zwf½Iíjzpfaptm;vkH;&JUpdwfü omoemay:arQmfjrifzwf½Iíjzpfaptm;vkH;&JUpdwfü omoemay:arQmfjrifzwf½Iíjzpfaptm;vkH;&JUpdwfü omoemay:arQmfjrifzwf½Iíjzpfaptm;vkH;&JUpdwfü omoemay:arQmfjrifzwf½Iíjzpfaptm;vkH;&JUpdwfü omoemay:arQmfjrifom raemyDwdjzifh ukokdvfr*Fvmwkd;yGm;ap&ef &nfom raemyDwdjzifh ukokdvfr*Fvmwkd;yGm;ap&ef &nfom raemyDwdjzifh ukokdvfr*Fvmwkd;yGm;ap&ef &nfom raemyDwdjzifh ukokdvfr*Fvmwkd;yGm;ap&ef &nfom raemyDwdjzifh ukokdvfr*Fvmwkd;yGm;ap&ef &nf&G,fygonf/ xkdtaMumif;aMumifh toHtvSLÓmPf&G,fygonf/ xkdtaMumif;aMumifh toHtvSLÓmPf&G,fygonf/ xkdtaMumif;aMumifh toHtvSLÓmPf&G,fygonf/ xkdtaMumif;aMumifh toHtvSLÓmPf&G,fygonf/ xkdtaMumif;aMumifh toHtvSLÓmPftvSLqkdol Mum;ol0rf;ajrmufoltm;vkH;ukokdvftwltvSLqkdol Mum;ol0rf;ajrmufoltm;vkH;ukokdvftwltvSLqkdol Mum;ol0rf;ajrmufoltm;vkH;ukokdvftwltvSLqkdol Mum;ol0rf;ajrmufoltm;vkH;ukokdvftwltvSLqkdol Mum;ol0rf;ajrmufoltm;vkH;ukokdvftwlwl[líom ...)wl[líom ...)wl[líom ...)wl[líom ...)wl[líom ...)

rEåav;odef;aZmf(urmÇat;? &efukef)(20-5-rEåav;odef;aZmf(urmÇat;? &efukef)(20-5-rEåav;odef;aZmf(urmÇat;? &efukef)(20-5-rEåav;odef;aZmf(urmÇat;? &efukef)(20-5-rEåav;odef;aZmf(urmÇat;? &efukef)(20-5-2014)2014)2014)2014)2014)

CommentThet Zaw Oo reufwkdif;zGifhw,fZaw Minn wlaomtusdK;ay;ygw,fKo Bo Thu "r®aw;xJrSmtaumif;qkH;ygNyein Mya Kyi - w&m;tm;xkwfvdkpdwfjzpf

ay:apw,f/

Mandalay Thein Zawt,k'¨,ajrum; pdwfqkd;ajyao;ykHr& ,ckxufwkdiforkdif;\'Pf&mtemw&wkdYtm;aqG;ajrUpGmodrf;qnf;xm;qJ/okdYwap-r[mjcLvmavmifuGef&mZma',strnf&Sdwpfckaom Ak'¨wuúokdvfBuD;twGif;üBuHKqkHcJhaom,aeYxkdif;EkdifiHolEkdifiHom;&[ef;&Sifvlrsm;\arwÅmynmESifh,Ofaus;rIwkdYtm; odrfarGUaumif; rGefpGmxdawGU

cHpm;cJh&onf/rnfodkYyif&dScJhap- 18-5-214^19-5-2014 aeYrsm;wGifjrefrmEkdifiHrS usdKufxD;aqmif;ac: omoemjyKtausmf &[ef;awmf

jrwfomoemhtmZmenfrax&ftm; rGefjrwfaomtaMumif;jyKíuRefawmfwdkYvTihfxlcJhaom omoemhatmifvHuRefawmfwdkYwD;cwfcJhaom jrefrmhapmif;oHuRefawmfwdkYqufuyfvSL'gef;cJhaomyef;refwdkYonfþyx0Dajrt,k'¨,üaemifwGifxm0& om,marT;ysHUEkdifygapownf;/

CommentNilar Aung jrefrmhatmifajrt,k'¨,ajrwJh/Nwet Nwet Yin edkifygapownf;...Naw Ayeyarwaddy olwdkYawmfawmftNidK;taw; BuD;Muygvm;vdkY

awmhawG;rdzl;w,f/ OD;odef;aZmf&JUpum; vkH;awGurS ydkjyD;vSyjynhfpkHoGm;w,f/ t,k'¨,ajrum; pdwfqdk;ajyao;ykHr&wJh/ tjrifcsif;wlwmawmif tEkynmorm;awG&JU tawG;eJYta&;u ydkvdkYvSyEl;nHYaeawmhwm/

Myat Min Thein t,k',ajrum; pdwfqkd;ajyao;ykHr& ,ckxufwkdif orkdif;\'Pf&mtemw&wkdYtm; aqG;ajrUpGmodrf;qnf;xm;qJ/

Saya Aung Kaung Mg omoemeJYcsrf;jrMunfom&dSMuygap

Mandalay Thein Zawatmifygap ...oajyyef;eJY atmifyef;jzma0atmifpnfoHjrnfum[def;w,fab;roef; at;csrf;atmiftwdwfatmifedrdwf atmif[dwf atmifygaptZ#mtEkynm(xkdif;EkdifiH?t,k'¨,NrdKU)

CommentpHpH-rvdIifoDwm - jrefrmhtEkynm crf;em;vSyyg ayw,f

*kPf,lygw,f/Kyaw Kyaw Aung Amd *kPf,lygw,fudkudkNwet Nwet Yin atmifyef;a0jzm tZ#m ...

CommentNwet Nwet Yin - a&;om;ylaZmf ...oDqdkylaZmf ...tEkynmyl

aZmf-om"kom"kom"k/La Young Cho - ukodkvfvJ& 0rf;vJ0A[kokwvJ& tekynmeYJ

ylaZmf& om"kvdkYac:rdygw,f/Rose Green - Muufoa&tjzmjzm trsdK;om;a&;vu©Pm tjynf

CommentKyaw Kyaw Kyaw - q&mawmfbk&m;tm; zl;ajrmfvdkygonf

rnfodkY qufoG,f&rvnf;cifAsm/Ko Win Naing - bD;vif;NrKdUe,f? ZkwfokwfpHjyaus;½Gm? usKdufxD;

aqmif;qHawmf½Sifajc&if;udkomta&mufoGm;yg? zl;&ygvdrfhr,f/ atmifr*Fvmta0;ajy;rSm y'kr®mum;pD;&if; bk&m;BuD;ajcawmf&if;udk wef;a&mufygw,f/

Mandalay Thein Zawok0PÖbkr®dqHawmf&Sifomoemok0PÖbkr®dqHawmf&Sifomoemok0PÖbkr®dqHawmf&Sifomoemok0PÖbkr®dqHawmf&Sifomoemok0PÖbkr®dqHawmf&Sifomoem__________________________awmifukdxGef;n§dvif;onfhta&mifok0PÖbkr®d aewefaqmifvwefaqmifqHawmf&Sifomoem urÇmukdvTrf;ya&Tta&mif jrta&mif ...obm0tqif;pdrf;vef;ompG a&ajrawmawmif&SKarsmfcif;uvGrf;qGwfzG,fatmif om;orifaus;iSufwkdY

OD;odef;aZmfu t,k'¨,udk pdwfqdk;ajyao;ykHr&\OD;odef;aZmfu t,k'¨,udk pdwfqdk;ajyao;ykHr&\OD;odef;aZmfu t,k'¨,udk pdwfqdk;ajyao;ykHr&\OD;odef;aZmfu t,k'¨,udk pdwfqdk;ajyao;ykHr&\OD;odef;aZmfu t,k'¨,udk pdwfqdk;ajyao;ykHr&\qdkxm;onf/ ordkif;a<u[lonf ajy½kd;xkH;pH&S d½k d;r&Sdygacs/qdkxm;onf/ ordkif;a<u[lonf ajy½kd;xkH;pH&S d½k d;r&Sdygacs/qdkxm;onf/ ordkif;a<u[lonf ajy½kd;xkH;pH&S d½k d;r&Sdygacs/qdkxm;onf/ ordkif;a<u[lonf ajy½kd;xkH;pH&S d½k d;r&Sdygacs/qdkxm;onf/ ordkif;a<u[lonf ajy½kd;xkH;pH&S d½k d;r&Sdygacs/

&wemOD;vIdif &wemOD;vIdif &wemOD;vIdif &wemOD;vIdif &wemOD;vIdif

Page 25: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

23

a'gufwmoef;Nidrf;udk (5?8?1938)&ufaeYwGif &efukefwdkif;?ausmuf wef;NrdKUe,f? caemifta&SUaus;&GmwGif tz OD;wifñGefY?trd a':cifñGefYwdkYrS arG;zGm;onf/

1954 ckwGif &efukefNrdKUrtxufwef;ausmif;rS wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhNyD; &efukefaq;wuúodkvfrS q&m0efbGJUudk 1963ckESpfwGif&&SdcJ honf/ wuúodkvfwufaepOftwGif; ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ESifh &efukefaq;wuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾wGif yg0ifcJhonf/ awmifilc½dkifESifh jrif;NcHc½dkifwGif temBuD;a&m*gwdkufzsufa&;tzGJU acgif;aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;? jrif;NcHaq;½HkwGif vufaxmufq&m0eftjzpfvnf;aumif;? NrdKUe,fq&m0eftjzpf ,cif[Hom0wDc½dkifwGifvnf;aumif;? awmifilc½dkifausmufBuD;? {&m0wDwdkif; a&MunfESifh&Srf;jynf z,fcHkNrdKUe,fwGifvnf;aumif;? ukvor*¾apwemh0efxrf;q&m0eftjzpf oD&dvuFmEkdifiHwGif (1984-86)txdvnf;aumif; aqmif&GufcJhonf/

1988 &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkwGif OD;aqmifyg0ifrIjzifh z,fcHk&Jpcef;wGif tcsKyfcH&NyD;aemuf yifpiftay;cHcJh&onf/ xdkYaemufausmufwef;NrdKUe,fwGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfodkY ygwD0ifwpfOD;tjzpf0ifa&mufcJhNyD; NrdKUe,fOuú|wm0efudk xrf;aqmifcJhonf/1990 a&G;aumufyGJwGif ausmufwef;NrdKUe,f rJqE´e,fajrrSjynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wifajr§mufcH&onf/

1996 ckESpfwGif NLD &efukefwdkif;pnf;½Hk;a&;aumfrwDwGif'kOuú|tjzpf wm0efay;cH&onf/ 1997 ckESpfwGif aq;cef;zGifhonfhudpöjzifh w&m;pGJcH&NyD; qrvufrSwfodrf;qnf;cHcJh&onf/1997 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvwGif r&rf;ukef;NrdKUe,f vli,fzGJUpnf;a&;udpöaqmif&GufrIjzifh Dr-a':ar0if;jrifhwdkYESifhtwl zrf;qD;cH&NyD;axmif'Pf (7)ESpfcsrSwfcHcJh&onf/ &efukefaxmif? jynfaxmif?aygif;wnfaxmifrsm;wGifaecJh&NyD; vGwf&ufaphaomfvnf; yk'fr10(u)jzifhxyfrHí wpfESpfpDwdk;NyD; oHk;Budrfwdkifwdkif qufvufcsKyfaESmifcHcJh&onf/ 2008 ckESpf? pufwif bmvwGif tusOf;axmifrSjyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJhonf/

axmifr SvGwfNy D; NLD &efuke fwd ki f ;' k-Ouú|wm0efud kqufvufxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 2009 ckESpfwGif A[dktvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwD taxmuftuljyKtzGJU0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfcH&onf/ a&T*HkwdkifaMunmpmwrf;udk jyKpkaomtzGJUwGif wpfOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf/ 2010 ckESpfwGif NLD ygwD A[dktvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfcH&onf/

2010 ckESpf? rwfvwGif NLD ygwDudk xyfrHrSwfyHkwif&efESifha&G;aumufyGJ0ifoifhaMumif;udk OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ NLD ygwDw&m;0ifoufwrf;ukefonfhaeY (6?5?2010)&ufaeYtxd ygwDESifhtwl&SdaecJhonf/

a&G;aumufyGJvrf;aMumif;rSwpfqifh 'Drdkua&pDpepfodkY oGm;a&mufEkdif&eftwGuf EkdifiHa&;ygwDwpfckwnf&Sd&ef vdktyfjcif;ESifhrNyD;qHk;ao;aom wm0efrsm;udk qufvufxrf;&GufEkdif&eftwGuftrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pk NDF ygwDudk ZGefvwGif xlaxmifcJholrsm;wGifwpfOD; tygt0ifjzpfonf/ ygwDw&m;0ifrSwfyH kwifusNyD;aemuf A[dktvkyftrI aqmifaumfrwDOuú|tjzpf wm0ef,laqmif&GufcJhonf/ 2012 ckESpfwGif usef;rma&;t& ygwDacgif;aqmifwm0efudk ajymif;vJxrf;aqmifcJhonf/

tusOf;uscHae&pOftwGif; tonf;uifqma&m*gudk&&SdcJhNyD;xd a&mufaomukorIrsm;rcHcJh&yg/ xdkYaMumifh axmifrSvGwfNyD;aemufpifumylESifh tdE´d,odkYtBudrfBudrfoGm;a&muf aq;ukocJhonf/

yifvHkaq;½HkwGif wufa&mufaepOf (21?5?2014)&ufaeYreufydkif; touf(76)ESpft&G,fwGif ygwDwm0efudkxrf;aqmif&if;uG,fvGefcJhonf/

EkdifiHa&;pmaypmwrf;rsm;udk a&;om;cJhNyD; a&T*HkwdkifaMunmpmwrf;- &Sif;wrf;pmwrf;rSm 'Drdkua&pDta&;jrifuGif;wpfck\jrifuGif;wpfckudk yDyDooazmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ awmq&m0efb0tawGUtBuHKpmtkyfudk xkwfa0cJhonf/ tcsKd;usudk,fpm;jyKrJay;pepfyDtm PR udk jrefrmjynfwGif usifhoHk;oifhaMumif;udk trsm;odap&efpwifajymMum;cJholvnf; jzpfonf/

pma&;q&maqGNidrf;OD;[k vlodenf;aom a'gufwmoef;Nidrf;[k vlodrsm;aom AkdvfcsKyfBuD;cifñGefY\a,mufz[k ñTef;qkdavh&Sdaom NDFygwD xdyfoD;acgif;aqmifBuD;rSm 'Drkdua&pDwkdufyGJukd qifETJ&if; tonf;uifqma0'emjzifh a<uvGifhcJh&acsNyD/

a'gufwmoef;Nidrf;onf NLD A[kdtvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwD0ifwpfOD;jzpfcJhNyD; ppftpkd;&om;aumifjzpfcJhonf/ ol\a,mufzt&if;acgufacguf? tmPm&SdaecsdefrSm ESpf&SnfaxmifoGif; tusOf;cscH&jcif;jzpfonf/

]]uRefawmfha,mufzavAsm 'gayr,fhwm0eft&tvkyfcJh&wmyJ .../ uRefawmfwkdYrSm a,mufzrkdYvkdY oufn§mvdkYr&bl;av/ ckdif;wmvkyf&wmyJAs/ oleJYuRefawmfeJYu a,mufzjzpfwJhtjyif trsKd;vnf;awmfao;w,f/ olUtrsKd;orD;u uRefawmfhnDr0rf;uGJawmfw,f/ olaxmifujyefvGwfvmawmhvnf; nDtpfukdawGvkdyJaygh/ oltonf;ukd tpm;xkd;ukzkdY tm;vkH;pDpOfNyD;ayr,fh tcsdefrrDawmhbl;/ olqkH;NyDqkdwmeJY uRefawmfvnf; vkdtyfwmtm;vkH; oGm;vkyfay;cJhw,f}}

ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; ñTefMum;a&;rSL;a[mif;OD;cifñGefYonf a'gufwmoef;Nidrf;ESifhywfoufí pdwfraumif;jzpfae[ef&Sdonf/ a'gufwmoef;Nidrf;\aemufqkH;c&D;um; a&a0;okóefwGif pnfum;vSonf/ NDF ygwDacgif;aqmifrsm;omru NLD ygwDrS yk*¾dKvfwcsKdUawGvnf;awGU&onf/ a'gufwmoef;Nidrf;onf NLD rS cGJxGufum NDF ygwDxlaxmif&mwGifyg0ifcJhol? a&G;aumufyGJ0ifa&;BudK;yrf;cJhol? ckawmht&mtm;vkH;ukd pGefYvTwfausmcdkif;&acsNyD/ 'Drkdua&pDwkdufyGJum;rNyD;qkH;? wkdufyGJ0if&Jabmfrsm;onf wpfyGifhNyD;wpfyGifha<uvGifhvsuf? wpfyGifha<uvQifwpfyGifha0wwfonfh oabm&Sdjim;vnf; a<uvGifhoGm;aom yef;yGifhrsm;um; b,frSmvmtpm;xkd;&EkdifygtHhenf;/

NDF ygwDacgif;aqmif

a'gufwmoef;Nidrf;(1938-2014)

\

udk,fa&;&mZ0iftusOf;

"mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - "mwfyk H - ZNM

&ckdifjynfe,f &rf;NAJNrdKYwGif a&uefrsm; a&cef;ajcmuf a&&Sm;yg;aeaMumif; a'ocHrsm;tcufawGY

&ckdifjynfe,f? &rf;NAJNrdKU? trSwf(4) uif;wJ&yfteD;&Sd vltrsm;toHk;rjyKawmhí wdrfaumysufpD;vsuf&Sdaom AkdvfcsKyfuefa[mif;ae&mukd a&ueftvsm;(150)ay? a&uefteH(130)ay? teuf(4)ay&Sdatmifwkd;csJUvsuf vuf&SdtoHk;jyKaeaom awmifausmif;uefukd wkd;csJUvsufawmifausmif;q&mawmfOD;pD;NyD; atmifqdyf-uif;wJ&yf&Sd 'g,um?'g,dumrrsm;ESifh apwem&Sifrsm;pkaygif;íusyf (40)odef;cefY tukeftuscHum wl;azmfcJ haMumif;od&onf/ vmrnfh (2015)ckESpfwGif¤if;uefrsm;ukd qufvufwl;azmf&eftpDtpOf&S donf[k OD;£E´0Hoawmifausmif;pmoifwdkufq&mawmfrS ajymMum;onf/

aMu;ustajrmuftrsm;cHumwl;azmf&efrSmvnf; rvG,fulMu[kawmifausmif;&yfuGufa'ocHwpfa,mufuajymMum;onf/ &rf;NAJNrdKUe,fol^e,fom;rsm;a&tcuftcJukdausmfvTm;Ekdif&eftwGuf wkd;csJUuefrsm;wl;azmfEkdif&efaiGtiftm;jynfhpHkMuonfh apwem&Sifrsm;\yHhykd;vSL'gef;rIonftvGefvkdtyfvsuf&Sdaeonf[kawmifausmif;q&m awmfuqufvufajymMum;onf/ okdYjzpfí tm,k'geac:O'u'getoufqufa&tvSL vSL'gef;vkdolapwem&Sifrsm;yHhykd;vSL'gef;Muyg[k awmifausmif;pmoifwdkufq&mawmfOD;£E´0HorS wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfxm;aMumif;od&onf/ zkef; (09-2501-25558)okdY qufoG,fvSL'gef;Ekdifonf[kqkdonf/ YOH

&ckdifjynfe,f? &rf;NAJNrdKUe,fwpfckvHk;wGif wefcl;? uqkefvokdY a&mufwkdif;(ESpfpOf)vlrsm;?wd&pämefrsm;onf a&tcuftcJESifhBuHKawGU ae&onf[k a'ocHjynfolvlxktrsm;pku a&zlvHka&;twGuf aygufwl;? aygufjym;rsm;jzifh wpfEkdifwpfykdifwl;qGuma&wGif;/a&uefwl;azmfjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfumumuG,fcJhMuaomfvnf;wkd;yGm;(rsm;jym;)vmaomvlOD;a&ESifhrrQEkdif(rvHkavmufEkdif)jzpfaeMu&onf/ e,fol^e,fom;vltrsm;onf pD;yGm;a&;tvkyfukdifrsm;r&Sd[kqkd&avmufatmifyifjzpfítvGefqif;&JMuojzifh aiGukef

Page 26: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

24

&efukef ar (15)&efukef ar (15)&efukef ar (15)&efukef ar (15)&efukef ar (15)EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifhvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm; rJqG,fpnf;

½Hk;&mwGif rdrdwkdYoufqkdif&mrJqE´e,fajrrsm;wGifom rJqG,fpnf;½Hk;&rnf[lí uefYowfonfqkdjcif;rSm r[kwfrSefaMumif; jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| OD;wifat;u vQyfwpfjyufokdYajymonf/

rJqG,fpnf;½Hk;cGifhukd uefYowfrnfjzpfaMumif; owif;rD'D,mtcsKdUwGifazmfjyaerItm; arv (15)&ufu &efukefNrdKU Sky Star [kdw,fwGifusif;yonfh a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifu EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;Mum; a&G;aumufyGJqkdif&m yl;aygif;ñSdEIdif;aqmif&GufrI tpnf;ta0;tNyD;wGifajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/

(2014) Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJukd vmrnfhEkd0ifbmv aemufqHk;ywfESifh 'DZifbm yxr oDwif;ywfwkdYwGif usif;yay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;OD;wifat;u uwday;ajymqkdonf/

]](2014) Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJvkyfay;r,f? tJ'g&JU tusKd;tjrwfawG[m (2015)rSm bmawGu tm;enf;vJ? bmawGu tm;omvJ?tm;enf;wmukd b,fvkdjyifrvJ? tm;omwmukd b,fvkdxdef;rvJqkdwJhoabm tajz&atmifusif;yay;wmyJ}}[k OD;wifat;u ajymonf/

rJqG,fpnf;½Hk;cGif huefYowfrnfqkdjcif;tm; oabmrwlaMumif;trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyfu jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifxHokdYwifjyxm;cJ h jcif;jzpfonf/ tpnf;ta0;okd Y wufa&mufvmonfhtrsK d;om; 'Drk dua&pDtzG JUcsKyf A[kdtvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwD0ifOD;ÚmPf0if;u ]]rJqG,fpnf;½Hk;cGifhuefYowfrIudkvkyfcJh&if jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf&JUvkyfykdif cGifhukd 0ifa&mufpGufzuf&mMur,f/ Oya'topf?vkyfief;topfqkdwm Oya'qkdwm jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfuyJ vm&r,f/

rJqG,fpnf;½Hk;cGifU e,fajruefhowfrnfqkdjcif; a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú|jiif;qkd

ukd,fh[mukd vkyfvkdYr&bl;}}[kajymonf/ (2008)ckESpf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'\vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd rjyifqifoa&GU vmrnfha&G;aumufyGJrsm;onfw&m;rQwvdrfhrnfr[kwfaMumif; OD;ÚmPf0if;urSwf,lonf/

rJqG,fpnf;½Hk;&mwGif vGwfvyfpGmpnf;½Hk;ajymqkdcGifh&oifhaMumif;jynfaxmifpkBuHUck difa&;ESif hzG HUNzdK;a&;ygwD 'kOuú|OD;aX;OD;uqkdonf/]]ukd,fpm;vS,fu ukd,fwkdifajym&ifajym? ukd,fpm;vS,fqkdwm a&G;cs,fcHukd,fpm;vS,favmif;ukdajymwm? 'grSr[kwf olUukd,fpm;vS,fuajym?'grSr[kwf olub,folUukdajymygvkdY pmeJYvTJxm;ay;&if tJ'Dvluajym?vGwfvGwfvyfvyf pnf;½Hk;cGifh&Sd&r,f}}[k OD;aX;OD;uajymonf/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Siftaejzifh xkwfjyefxm;onfhOya'rsm;twkdif; rvdkufemolrsm;tm;vnf; ta&;,loifhaMumif; OD;aX;OD;uoHk;oyfonf/

jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Siftaejzifh a&;qGJjy|mef;onfhOya'rsm;ukd ygwDtm;vHk;ukdcsjyNyD; oabmwlnDrSom Oya'rsm;ukdxkwfjyefay;oGm;rnf[k a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| OD;wifat;uajymqkdxm;onf/ apmzk d;cGm;apmzk d;cGm;apmzk d;cGm;apmzk d;cGm;apmzk d;cGm;

a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ rJqG,fpnf;½k H;a&;c&D;pOfwpfcktm;awGU&pOfa':atmifqef;pkMunf\ rJqG,fpnf;½k H;a&;c&D;pOfwpfcktm;awGU&pOfa':atmifqef;pkMunf\ rJqG,fpnf;½k H;a&;c&D;pOfwpfcktm;awGU&pOfa':atmifqef;pkMunf\ rJqG,fpnf;½k H;a&;c&D;pOfwpfcktm;awGU&pOfa':atmifqef;pkMunf\ rJqG,fpnf;½k H;a&;c&D;pOfwpfcktm;awGU&pOf

yckuúLc½dkif NrdKifNrdKYe,fwGif avjyif;wkdufcwfrIaMumifU ausmif;aqmifrsm;ESifUaetdrfwcsKdYysufpD;yckuúLc½kdif? NrdKifNrdKUe,f? acsmif;qkHaus;&GmwGif arv (6)&ufaeY n (7)em&DcGJcsdefu avjyif;wkdufcwfrIaMumifh acsmif;qkHaus;&Gm tvu

ausmif;0ef;twGif;&Sd ynmrGefpmoifaqmiftaqmuftOD;\ ta&SUbufjcrf;trdk;wpf0ufcefY? taemufbufjcrf;okH; ykHESpfykHcefY trkd;oGyfrsm;vefysufpD;NyD; t r u ausmif;aqmiftaqmuftOD; taemufbufjcrf; tcef; (4)cef;\ oGyfrsm;trdk;vefysufpD;cJhojzihf ysufpD;rItm;tjrefjyKjyifEkdifa&;twGuf acsmif;qkHaus;&GmtkyfpktkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; ausmif;tkyfBuD;ESifh&yfrd&yfzrsm;? oufqkdif&mXmersm;ESihf nd§EIdif;aqmif&GufvQuf&SdaMumif;ESihfarv(7)&ufaeY aeYv,f (3)em&Dcsdefu yckuúLc½dkif? NrdKifNrdKUe,f? bkef;BuD;uefaus;&Gm avjyif;wkdufcwfrIaMumifh aus;&GmtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;½kH;x&Hum? 0g;ouú,frdk;taqmuftOD;NydKusysufpD;cJhojzifh qkH;½IH;ysufpD;cJhNyD; xkdaus;&Gm&Sd txu (cGJ),m,Dpmoifaqmif x&Hum? oGyfrdk;taqmuftOD;\trdk;a&SUjcrf;ESihftaemufjcrf;wkdY&Sd trdk;oGyf(36)csyf trdk;vefysufpD;cJhojzifh qkH;½IH;wefzdk; usyf(392000)cefYESihf xdkausmif;wGifaus;&GmrSukd,fxlukd,fx aqmufvkyfay;xm;onhf ausmif;tkyfq&mrBuD;aexkdifonhf tkwfum? oGyfrdk; taqmuftOD;\ trdk;ta&SUbufjcrf;&SdoGyf(10)csyftrdk;vefysufpD;cJhjcif;qkH;½IH;rI wefzdk;usyf (480000)ceYfESihf ausmif;aqmifx&HumoGyfrdk;taqmuftOD;\ ta&SUbufjcrf; trdk;oGyf(24)csyftrdk;vefysufpD;cJhojzifh qkH;½IH;wefzdk; usyf (310000)cefYysufpD;;cJhojzihf xkdysufpD;rItm; bkef;BuD;uefaus;&Gmtkyfpk? tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;? ausmif;tkyfq&mrBuD; a':cifcif0if;ESihf&yfrd^&yfzrsm;onf oufqkdif&mXmersm;ESifhnd§EIdif;í ynma&; 0efBuD;XmeodkY &efykHaiGwifjy awmif;cHoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/

Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)

Page 27: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

25

q&mawmfESifh pmoifom;oHCmawmfwkdYukd vSLzG,fypönf;rsm;? 0w¬KaiGrsm; qufuyfvSL'gef;Muygonf/ emvEmwuúokdvf(topf)wGif jrefrmEkdifiHjynfe,ft&yf&yfrS pmoifom;oHCmawmf (150)yg; wufa&mufynmoif,laeMuaMumif; od&ygonf/ xkdYaemufwnf;ckd&m jrefrm?w½kwfbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;okdYa&muf&SdNyD; atmufxyfxrif;pm;cef;ünpmpm;oHk;Muygonf/ ig;aMumfESyf? ig;yd&nf? wkdYp&m? csOf&nf[if;wkdYjzifhzG,fzG,f&m&mauR;arG;ygonf/ c&D;pOfwpfavQmufvHk; aexkdifpm;aomufa&;? oGm;vma&;ponfwkdYü pdwfcsrf;omrI&Sdatmif? tqifajyatmifaqmif&Gufay;EkdifpGrf;&Sdaom atmifcsrf;ombk&m;zl;vkyfief;tzGJUtm; txl;aus;Zl;wifrdygonf/ n (8)em&DcGJwGif emvE´m jrefrm-w½kwfausmif;q&mawmftm; zl;ajrmfuefawmhrnfjzpfaMumif; ukdoufckdifrS vdkufajymygonf/ q&mawmfonf bk&m;aqmifüyif tuefawmhcHygonf/ jrefrmjynfrStoifh,laqmifvmonfh vSLzG,fypönf;rsm;? 0w¬KtvSLaiGrsm;vSL'gef;uefawmhí ig;yg;oDvcH,laqmufwnfMuNyD;aemuf q&mawmfuar;jref;vkdwm&Sdu ar;jref;Mu&efrdefYMum;aomfvnf; bk&m;zl;tzGJUubmrSrar;jref;Muyg/ xkdYaemuf rdrdoufqkdif&mtcef;okdYjyefum tdyfpuftem;,lMuygonf/

xkdYaemuf rdrdukd,fykdiftdwfrsm;ukd um;ay:wifMuum a0omvDokdYOD;wnfxGufvmcJhMuygonf/ i,fpOfu tar\tdyf&m0ifyHkjyifrsm;wGifa0omvDwkdY? om0w¬dwkdYtNrJyg0ifaeojzifhvnf;aumif;? tdrfom;awGtqlt½dkufcH&í atmfikdaevQif tzGm;u ]]a0omvDjynfbDvl;0ifovkdikdraeeJY}}[kajymojzifhvnf;aumif; em;,OfaecJhNyD; ,ck wu,fa&muf&awmhrnf[kodaomtcg &ifckefrdygonf/ **Fgjrpfukd jzwfausmfwnfaqmufxm;onfhwHwm;BuD;rSm tawmf&Snfvsm;ygonf/ av;vrf;oGm;wHwm;BuD;jzpfojzifh us,fvnf;us,fygonf/ emrnfausmf **FgjrpfBuD;onf eHeufapm ESif;rIefrsm;atmufwGif NidrfoufpGmpD;qif;vsuf&Sdonf/ "mwfyHkrSwfwrf;wifaomfvnf; ESif;awGuG,faeojzifh jrpfa&jyifukdoJuGJpGmrjrifawGU&yg/ Ekd0ifbmvqef;jzpfaomfvnf; tdEd,jynf? AD[mjynfü tawmfat;aeygNyD/ bk&m;zl;c&D;onftm;vHk; taEG;xnfukd,fpD? acgif;pGyf?ajctdwfukd,fpD0wfxm;Mu&onf/ 'DMum;xJ tJ,m;uGef;um;rkdY rjzpfraetat;"mwfzGifhxm;&ojzifh wcsKdUESmap;olrsm; ap;ukefMuawmhonf/ rMumrD vlrsm;? um;rsm;? qkdifu,frsm;? jrif;&xm;rsm;jzifh½IyfaxG;vSaom AD[mjynfe,f\NrdKUawmfywÅem; (,ciftac: yg#vdykwf)okdYa&mufawmhonf/ vrf;ab;ü NrdKUwGif;&Sd aetdrfwdkufwmtm;vHk;tNyD;owfraqmufbJ tay:qHk;üvnf;aumif;? ab;üvnf;aumif; qufvufaqmufvkyfOD;rnfh[ef oHacsmif;vHk;rsm; xkd;xkd;axmifaxmifawGU&onf/ a&SUrsufESmpmwpfckwnf;omaq;okwfNyD; vlrsm;aexkdif qkdifcef;rsm;zGifhxm;ojzifh xl;qef;onfxifíar;&m ]]tcGefraqmifcsifvkdY tcGefa&SmifcsifvkdY tNyD;rowfwm? vHk;0NyD;oGm;&ifawmh tcGefXmeu b,fu&wJhaiGeJYaqmufwmvJ}}qkdNyD; tar;tjref;xlw,f? tcGefaqmif&wmvnf;rsm;w,f}}[k ajzygonf/ aMomf olUt&yfESifholUZmwfuawmh[kwfaewmyJ[k awG;rdonf/

tdEd,EkdifiH? AD[mjynfe,fonf vlOD;a&tvGefxlxyfonf[kxifygonf/ vlaevnf; tvGefpdyfonf/ ywÅem;(yg#vdykwf)rS ukodem½HkokdYoGm;&m um;vrf;wpfavQmuf &GmpOf&Gmqufjywfonf[kr&S dvSyg/um;ay:yg bk&m;zl;rsm;uvnf; tayghtyg;oGm;csifvSNyD um;cP&yfay;yg? usef;rma&;qif;&atmif[k awmif;qkdolu awmif;qkdMuaomfvnf; &GmpOfrjywfvlrjywfí tajctaeray;yg/ aemufqHk;uRefawmfu a&SUrSmxkdifaeaom ukdoufckdifem;oGm;í vlenf;enf;jywf&ifawmfNyDAsm tdrfqufrjywf&ifvnf;aeyapawmh tayghtyg;oGm;csifolawG tawmf'ku©a&mufukefNyD[kajymojzifh wpftdrfESifhwpftdrfay(30)cefYjcm;onfhae&mwpfckü um;&yfay;&awmhonf/ trsKd;orD;rsm;uum;aemufbuf? trsKd;om;rsm;u um;\a&SUcyfvSrf;vSrf;okdYoGm; Mu&onf/ rdrdwkdY tayghtyg;oGm;aepOftwGif; qkdifu,frsm;? um;rsm;utqufrjywf oGm;vmarmif;ESifaeMuonf/ a,mufsm;rsm;twGufjyóemr&Sdaomfvnf; Ak'bmomjrefrmtrsKd;orD;rsm;twGufu jyóemjzpfonf/ okdYaomfrwwfEkdifyg/ a&SUrsufESmaemufxm;(tckawmh a&SUrsufESmacgif;iHkYí)tayghoGm;&awmhonf/ 'DMum;xJ wdkufacgifrkd;ay:rSuav;wcsKdUu ajymifajymifBuD;Munfhí Mobmay;Muao;onf/ jrefrmjynfwGifqkdvQif þokdYvrf;ab;tayhgtyg;oGm;&efae&m wyHkwyifBuD;&Sdonfukd ajy;jrifa,mifrdawmhonf/ eHeuf (9)em&DwGif a0omvDokdYa&mufonf/ a&S;OD;pGm jrwfpGmbk&m;\"mwfawmfrsm;xm;&SdcJh&m "mwfawmfwdkufukd t&ifqHk;oGm;a&mufzl;ajrmfMuonf/ "mwfawmfwdkufukdta0;rSMunfhvQif vdyfcHk;oP²mef cyfcHk;cHk;trdk;rkd;xm;onfh ausmufom;Murf;jyifjzpfNyD; tv,fA[kdwGif av;axmifhwGif;csKdifh&mukdawGU&onf/,if;wGif;csKdifh&monf "mwfawmfrsm;xm;&Sd&m ausmufaowÅmae&mjzpfaMumif; rlvpwifwl;azmfpOfu ,if;ausmufaowÅmBuD;awGU&SdcJhaomfvnf; ,ckrnfonfh ae&mokdYa&muf&Sdonfrod&aMumif;? Am&mPoDjywdkufwGifvnf;rawGU&aMumif; ajymjyojzifhod&ygonf/ "mwfawmfwdkuf

ae&mukd0kdif;ywfí ausmufuGefu&pfvrf;cif;xm;&m wpfywfywfzl;ajrmfMunfh½IEkdifygonf/

a0omvDwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;"mwfawmfrsm;xm;&S d&mae&ma0omvDwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;"mwfawmfrsm;xm;&S d&mae&ma0omvDwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;"mwfawmfrsm;xm;&S d&mae&ma0omvDwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;"mwfawmfrsm;xm;&S d&mae&ma0omvDwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;"mwfawmfrsm;xm;&S d&mae&ma0omvDonf Ak'¨\orkdif;üxif&Sm;aomNrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfcJ honf/

jrwfAk'¨onf oufawmf&Spfq,f? "mwfawmfav;q,fhig;0gjynfhcgeD;oHk;vtvkdwGif a0omvDü oDwif;oHk;awmfrlcJh&m r[mouú&mZf (147)ckESpf? wykdYwGJvjynfhaeYwGif a0omvDNrdKUjyif ]]pmygv}}ewfuRef;okdYnDawmftmeE´mESifhESpfyg;wnf;oGm;a&mufí &SiftmeE´mtm; ]]tmeE´m£'dyg'fav;yg;ukd aumif;pGmyGm;rsm;cJhaomyk*¾dKvfonf tvkd&Sdaomf tm,koufwrf;jynfhatmifaomfvnf;aumif;? oufwrf;jynfhcgeD;txdaomfvnf;aumif; aeEkdifayonf}}[k oHk;BudrfrdefYMum;cJh&m nDawmftmeE´monf rm&fewf\aESmifh,SufrIaMumifh ]]tm,koufwrf;jynfonftxdaeawmfrlygbk&m;}}[k ravQmufxm;EkdifcJhojzifh xkdaeY? xkdae&müyifaemufoHk;vtMumü y&dedAÁmefjyKawmhrnf[k tm,kocFg&vTwfawmfrlcJhonf/ tm,kocFg&vTwfawmfrl&m pmygvewfuGef;&SdcJ h&mae&mokdYra&mufcJhyg/ um;oGm;aepOf ukdoufckdifu tJ'g pmygvewfuGef;ae&myJ[k vSrf;ajymjyojzifh ta0;rSyif vuftkyfcsDcJh&ygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYtzGJU\ rlvtpDtpOft& ukodem½Hkü ESpfntdyf&efjzpfNyD; eDaygEkdifiH&SdzGm;awmfrl&m vkr®eDokdYaemufwpfaeYoGm;&efjzpfaomfvnf; eDaygwGifa&G;aumufyGJrsm;jyKvkyf&efeD;uyfaeNyDjzpfí aemuf&ufrsm;ü jynf0ifcGifhADZmr&EkdifawmhaMumif;od&ojzifh aemufwpfaeYü vkr®eDokdYa&muf&efta&;BuD;tcsdefvkae&ygonf/ okdYjzpfí a0omvD&Sd txifu&ae&mjzpfaom pmygvewfuRef;ESifh 'kwd,o*Fg,emwifcJhonfh a0omvDausmif;awmf&mokdY ra&mufcJhMu&yg/

"mwfawmfwkdufae&mukd zl;ajrmfavhvmNyD;aemuf wwd,o*Fg,emwifcJhonfh tmaomum&mrausmif;awmf&mokdYxGufvmcJhMuygonf/"mwfawmfwdkufae&mESifhra0;vSyg/ um;rsm;ukd vrf;rBuD;ay:ü &yfxm;ítwGif;okdY ajcvsif0ifMu&ygonf/ xkdae&mü od&d"r®maomurif;BuD;\txdrf;trSwfausmufwkdifukd jrifawGU&ygonf/ tm;vHk;pk½Hk;xkdifMuNyD;aemuf q&mawmfu tenf;i,f&Sif;vif;ajymMum;NyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\trdefYawmft& uyfa&m*gusa&mufaeaom a0omvDNrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;

uyfa&m*gab;rSvGwfajrmufaponfh nDawmftmeEm&GwfqkdcJhaom &weokwfy&dwfawmfukd pkaygif;&GwfqkdylaZmfMuygonf/

a0omvDonf jrwfpGmbk&m;yGifhawmfrrlrDumvuyif wkdif;jynftm;pkaygif;tkyfcsKyfonfh vTwfawmfoabmrsKd;oufa&mufaom tkyfcsKyfa&;pepf&SdcJhonf/ wkdifjynfta&;udpöt00ay:aygufvmwkdif; *PvTwfawmfwGif pka0;wkdifyifqHk;jzwfMuonf/ ppfjzpfonfhtcg wpfEkdifiHvHk; ppfom;csnf;jzpfMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh ]]vTwfawmftp? a0omvDu}} [kac:EkdifNyD; ]]vlwkdif;ppfrIrxrf;rae&}}pepf&SdonfhEkdifiHwpfEkdifiHjzpfonf/ta&SUbufwGif Adr®dom&rif;tkyfcsKyfonfh &mZN*dK[fESifhtaemufbufwGifyao'eDaumovrif;tkyfcsKyfonfh om0w¬duJhokdYaom tiftm;BuD;rm;onfh EkdifiHESpfEkdifiHtMum;üwnf&SdcJhonf/ Adr®dom&rif; ewf&GmpHNyD;aemufom;awmf tZmwowfvufxufü a0omvDtm; jynfwGif;olvQKdpdrfh0ifapNyD; pdwf0rf;uGJjym;apvsuf wdkufcdkufzsufqD;jcif;cHcJh&onf/

tmaomum&mrausmif;awmf&mukd vSnfhywfMunfh½INyD;aemuf rdrdwkdYtzGJUonf a0omvDjrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;okdY xGufcGmcJhMuonf/eHeuf (11)em&DcGJ&SdNyDjzpfí twlygvmonfh bk&m;zl;oHCmawmfoHk;yg;tm;qGrf;uyfNyD;vQif rdrdwkdYtzGJU eHeufpmpm;aomufMuygonf/ eHeufpmukdMuufom;[if;qDjyef? csOf&nf[if;wkdYjzifh auR;arG;onfhtjyif 'defcsOfvnf;tcsKdwnf;&ygonf/ a0omvDjrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;&Sd q&mawmfukdzl;ajrmfí vSLzG,fypönf;ESifh0w¬KaiGrsm; pkaygif;vSL'gef;MuNyD; ukodem½HkokdY OD;wnfxGufcGmvmcJh&m nae (5)em&DcefYwGif ukodem½Hk jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;okdYa&muf&Sd acwÅem;umnpmpm;oHk;Muygonf/ ukodem½Hkjrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;&Sd av;a,muftdyfcef;rS a&csKd;cef;wGif uHtm;avsmfpGm a&yla&at;pepf&Sdaeí a&csKd;jzpfygonf/ AD[mjynfe,fonf aqmif;wGif;ücdkufcdkufwkefatmifcsrf;at;vSNyD; aEG&moDü tjyifr

xGufEkdifavmufatmif yljyif;aMumif;odxm;&ygonf/ ,ckvufawGUcHpm;ae&ygonf/ taEG;xnftxyfxyf0wfxm;&ygonf/ Ekd0ifbmvonf Ak'¨*,mbk&m;zl;oGm;&ef taumif;qHk;&moDOwkjzpfaMumif; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif&SdpOfu a':oZifjrifhatmifajymxm;cJhaomf

vnf; tylykdif;a'orSvmaom rdrdwkdYtzkdY tat;'PfukdtawmfcHpm;&ygonf/

eHeufapmpmukd MumqefaMumfESifhaumfzD pm;aomufMu&ygonf/eHeufapmpmpm;NyD;aemuf pm;aomufcef;rStxGufü tvGefcifrif&if;ESD;aom AkdvfrSL;pkd;rif;xGef;(c)AkdvfrSL;oD[(,ck omoema&;0efBuD;Xme

ñTefMum;a&;rSL;)ESifh AkdvfrSL;BuD;cifarmif&D(tNidrf;pm;)wkdYtm; rarQmfvifhbJawGU&Sd&ygonf/ Ak'¨*,mü omoema&;0efBuD;XmerSOD;pD;jyKvkyfonfhuxdeftvSLukdvma&mufMujcif;jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfwkdYoHk;OD;pkaygif;í trSwfw&"mwfyHk½dkufcJhMuygonf/ ukodem½Hk jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;ESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;y&dedAÁmefjyKawmfrlcJh&m avsmif;awmfrl ½kyfyGm;awmf&Sd&mae&mrSm rsm;pGmra0;vSyg/ eHeufapmapm ESif;rIefrsm;atmufü uRefawmfwkdYtzGJU ESpfa,mufwpfwGJwef;pDMuNyD; a&TMumouFef;ukdwpfzufwpfcsufpDukdifMuum ½kyfyGm;awmf&Sd&m r[my&dedAÁmefapwDawmfoYkd *kPfawmfrsm; oHNydKif&Gwfqkd&if; vrf;avQmufvmcJhMuygonf/

r[my&dedAÁmefapwDukd vufsm&pfwpfygwfywfNyD;aemuf apwDawmftwGif;&Sd avsmif;awmfrlAk'¨½kyfyGm;awmftm; 0ifa&muf&Sdckd;uefawmhjcif;?MumouFef;qufuyfvSL'gef;jcif;rsm; jyKMuygonf/ tjcm;vlrsKd; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;vnf; wzGJzGJa&mufvmMuí ½kyfyGm;qif;wkawmfteD;ü MumMumraecJh&yg/ ,if;apwDawmfteD;&Sd jrwfpGmbk&m;awaZm"mwfavmifuRrf;awmfrl&m txdrf;trSwfwnfxm;onfh ]]t*Fg&}}apwDawmfa&SUüukrÜPDrSvma&mufcif;xm;onfh aumfaZmrsm;wGifae&m,lum ]]orÁKa'g£pedAÁKawm}}tpcsD*gxmawmf&Gwfqkd&if; bk&m;&Sdckd;zl;ajrmfuefawmhMuygonf/ xl;jcm;onfrSm txufatmuf tjzLa&mift0wftpm;rsm;0wfqifxm;onfh bmomjcm;rsm;vnf; vma&mufuefawmhaeMuíq&mawmftm;ar;&m ]]usKyfwkdYu jrwfpGmbk&m;awaZm"mwfavmifwJhae&mrkdY t*Fg&(rD;aoG;)apwDvkdYowfrSwfxm;wm? olwkdYuoDwma'0Drif;orD; rD;zGm;vkd YrD;vIHwJh xif;rD;aoG;awGukd txdrf;trSwfjyK&Sdck d;aeMuwm}}[kajzygonf/ ]]aMomf jrwfAk'¨orkdif;ukdyif ajymif;vJypfcJhMuygvm;? uajymif;ujyef vkyf&ufMuygvm;}}[kawG;&ifpdwfraumif;jzpf&ygonf/

t*Fg&apwDukdzl;ajrmfNyD;aemuf r[mokcH''csrf;omBuD;apwDawmftm;zl;ajrmfuefawmhMuygonf/ xkdYaemuf bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;0if;ESifhrvSrf;rurf;ü&SdaomjrwfpGmbk&m;y&dedAÁmefrjyKrDaemufqHk;a&oHk;oyfawmfrlcJhonfha&uefESifh ]]rmxukef0}}´½kyfyGm;awmftm;oGm;a&mufzl;ajrmf&m½kyfyGm;awmfxm;&Sdonfhausmif;wdkufwGif oHwHcg;aomhcwfxm;ygonf/zGifhay;rnfholr&SdítjyifrSyif zl;ajrmfuefawmhMuNyD; bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;okdYjyefvmMuygonf/ ausmif;t0if0ü aps;qkdifcef;rsm;&Sdí vSnfhywfMunfh½Ium qm&Drsm;? NcHKxnfwbufrsm;? a&T&nfpdrfvufpGyfrsm; vufaqmifay;&ef0,f,lcJhygonf/ eHeuf (11)em&DwGif eHeufpmpm;oHk;MuNyD; vkrÁdeDokdYxGufvmcJhMuygonf/

oufckdifjrifhoufckdifjrifhoufckdifjrifhoufckdifjrifhoufckdifjrifh

,ci

ftyw

frStq

uf

,ci

ftyw

frStq

uf

,ci

ftyw

frStq

uf

,ci

ftyw

frStq

uf

,ci

ftyw

frStq

uf

AD[mjynfe,füþodk YtNyD;rowfao;aomAD[mjynfe,füþodk YtNyD;rowfao;aomAD[mjynfe,füþodk YtNyD;rowfao;aomAD[mjynfe,füþodk YtNyD;rowfao;aomAD[mjynfe,füþodk YtNyD;rowfao;aomtaqmuftOD;rsm;awGU&onftaqmuftOD;rsm;awGU&onftaqmuftOD;rsm;awGU&onftaqmuftOD;rsm;awGU&onftaqmuftOD;rsm;awGU&onf

wwd,o*Fg,emwifcJ h&m tmaomum&mrausmif;awmf&mESif hwwd,o*Fg,emwifcJ h&m tmaomum&mrausmif;awmf&mESif hwwd,o*Fg,emwifcJ h&m tmaomum&mrausmif;awmf&mESif hwwd,o*Fg,emwifcJ h&m tmaomum&mrausmif;awmf&mESif hwwd,o*Fg,emwifcJ h&m tmaomum&mrausmif;awmf&mESif htmaomurif;txdrf;trSwfausmufwdkiftmaomurif;txdrf;trSwfausmufwdkiftmaomurif;txdrf;trSwfausmufwdkiftmaomurif;txdrf;trSwfausmufwdkiftmaomurif;txdrf;trSwfausmufwdkif

y&dedAÁmefpH0ifawmfrl[efavsmif;awmfrlAk'¨½kyfyGm;awmfy&dedAÁmefpH0ifawmfrl[efavsmif;awmfrlAk'¨½kyfyGm;awmfy&dedAÁmefpH0ifawmfrl[efavsmif;awmfrlAk'¨½kyfyGm;awmfy&dedAÁmefpH0ifawmfrl[efavsmif;awmfrlAk'¨½kyfyGm;awmfy&dedAÁmefpH0ifawmfrl[efavsmif;awmfrlAk'¨½kyfyGm;awmf

qu

fvu

fazmfjyy

grn

fq

ufv

ufaz

mfjyy

grn

fq

ufv

ufaz

mfjyy

grn

fq

ufv

ufaz

mfjyy

grn

fq

ufv

ufaz

mfjyy

grn

f

Page 28: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

26

&efukefrSmaewmvm;/&efukefrSmaewmvm;/&efukefrSmaewmvm;/&efukefrSmaewmvm;/&efukefrSmaewmvm;/uGsefawmf &efukefrSmraebl;/ ykodrfom;yJ/ {&m0wDwdkif;uyg/'DrSmvkyfaewm pkrdvm;/'DrSmvkyfaewm pkrdvm;/'DrSmvkyfaewm pkrdvm;/'DrSmvkyfaewm pkrdvm;/'DrSmvkyfaewm pkrdvm;/'DrSmvkyfwmawmh uGsefawmfwd k Yr Sm rpkrdbl;jzpfaeygw,f/

'DrSmvmNyD; aiGt&if;tESD;jyef½Smwmaygh/rdom;pkaum/rdom;pkaum/rdom;pkaum/rdom;pkaum/rdom;pkaum/rdom;pktm;vHk;u 'DrSmyJ/ ti,fqHk;wpfa,mufuawmh ausmif;

wufae&w,f/tck'DrSm tpdk;&uaeNyD;awmh a½TUajymif;tvkyform;awGukdtck'DrSm tpdk;&uaeNyD;awmh a½TUajymif;tvkyform;awGukdtck'DrSm tpdk;&uaeNyD;awmh a½TUajymif;tvkyform;awGukdtck'DrSm tpdk;&uaeNyD;awmh a½TUajymif;tvkyform;awGukdtck'DrSm tpdk;&uaeNyD;awmh a½TUajymif;tvkyform;awGukd

w&m ; 0i fv k y f a y ; c J hwmaw G ½ S dw, f av/ t J ' g r s d K ; aumw&m ; 0i fv k y f a y ; c J hwmaw G ½ S dw, f av/ t J ' g r s d K ; aumw&m ; 0i fv k y f a y ; c J hwmaw G ½ S dw, f av/ t J ' g r s d K ; aumw&m ; 0i fv k y f a y ; c J hwmaw G ½ S dw, f av/ t J ' g r s d K ; aumw&m ; 0i fv k y f a y ; c J hwmaw G ½ S dw, f av/ t J ' g r s d K ; aumvkyfNyD;oGm;NyDvm;/vkyfNyD;oGm;NyDvm;/vkyfNyD;oGm;NyDvm;/vkyfNyD;oGm;NyDvm;/vkyfNyD;oGm;NyDvm;/

rvkyf&ao;bl;cifAs/'DrSmw&m;r0ifvkyfaewmvm;/'DrSmw&m;r0ifvkyfaewmvm;/'DrSmw&m;r0ifvkyfaewmvm;/'DrSmw&m;r0ifvkyfaewmvm;/'DrSmw&m;r0ifvkyfaewmvm;/tckuawmh tpdk;&u ckeuvkyfay;wJh ywfpfykdYvkyfwmawmh uGsef

awmfwdkYvnf; vkyfxm;ygw,f/ oufwrf;awGu ukefcgeD;aeNyD/ wcsdKUvnf; ukefaeNyD/ oufwrf;ukefr,fqdk&ifawmh olwdkYqufvkyfay;r,fqdk&ifawmh qufvkyf&rSmaygh/ qufrvkyfbl;qdk&if jyef½HkyJ½Sdwmaygh/

tck oef;acgifpm&if;awG bmawGvmaumufovm;/ jrefrmtck oef;acgifpm&if;awG bmawGvmaumufovm;/ jrefrmtck oef;acgifpm&if;awG bmawGvmaumufovm;/ jrefrmtck oef;acgifpm&if;awG bmawGvmaumufovm;/ jrefrmtck oef;acgifpm&if;awG bmawGvmaumufovm;/ jrefrmEd kifiHrSm oef;acgifpm&if;aumufwm½Sdw,fav/EdkifiHrSm oef;acgifpm&if;aumufwm½Sdw,fav/EdkifiHrSm oef;acgifpm&if;aumufwm½Sdw,fav/EdkifiHrSm oef;acgifpm&if;aumufwm½Sdw,fav/EdkifiHrSm oef;acgifpm&if;aumufwm½Sdw,fav/

[kwfuJh/ 'DrSmawmh raumufao;bl;/tckrMumcif Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJvkyfr,f Mum;w,fayghaemf/tckrMumcif Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJvkyfr,f Mum;w,fayghaemf/tckrMumcif Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJvkyfr,f Mum;w,fayghaemf/tckrMumcif Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJvkyfr,f Mum;w,fayghaemf/tckrMumcif Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJvkyfr,f Mum;w,fayghaemf/

rJawG bmawGjyefxnfhzd k Y½S dovm;/rJawG bmawGjyefxnfhzd k Y½S dovm;/rJawG bmawGjyefxnfhzd k Y½S dovm;/rJawG bmawGjyefxnfhzd k Y½S dovm;/rJawG bmawGjyefxnfhzd k Y½S dovm;/rJuawmh olwdkYpDpOfovdkrsdK;yJ uGsefawmfwdkYu vkdufem&rSmaygh/

pm-36 xkdif;EkdifiH jrefrmtvkyform;rsm;twGuf rSjrefrmjynfjyefNyD; rJxnfhzd k Y½S dovm;/jrefrmjynfjyefNyD; rJxnfhzd k Y½S dovm;/jrefrmjynfjyefNyD; rJxnfhzd k Y½S dovm;/jrefrmjynfjyefNyD; rJxnfhzd k Y½S dovm;/jrefrmjynfjyefNyD; rJxnfhzd k Y½S dovm;/tcku pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf;aeawmh jrefrmjynfjyefNyD; rJxnfhzdk Y

awmh rjzpfEdkifao;bl;/'DrSm jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;awG b,favmuf'ku©a&mufMuvJ/'DrSm jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;awG b,favmuf'ku©a&mufMuvJ/'DrSm jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;awG b,favmuf'ku©a&mufMuvJ/'DrSm jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;awG b,favmuf'ku©a&mufMuvJ/'DrSm jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;awG b,favmuf'ku©a&mufMuvJ/jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;awG awmfawmf'ku©a&mufygw,f/ wcsdKUvnf;

'Dvdkusyfusyfwnf;wnf;eJY &ifqdkifNyD;awmh aowJholvnf; aoaeMuwmyJ/ awmfawmfhukd usyfwnf;ygw,f/ acsmifvnfwJholvnf; acsmifvnfygw,f/ vlwdkif;&,fvdkYawmh r[kwfygbl;/

'gayr,fh Mum;&wJhowif;awGu 'DrSmodyftqifrajyMubl;/'gayr,fh Mum;&wJhowif;awGu 'DrSmodyftqifrajyMubl;/'gayr,fh Mum;&wJhowif;awGu 'DrSmodyftqifrajyMubl;/'gayr,fh Mum;&wJhowif;awGu 'DrSmodyftqifrajyMubl;/'gayr,fh Mum;&wJhowif;awGu 'DrSmodyftqifrajyMubl;/tzdES dyfcHae&w,f/ &Juvnf; jyóem½Smaew,fvdk Y Mum;&w,f/tzdES dyfcHae&w,f/ &Juvnf; jyóem½Smaew,fvdk Y Mum;&w,f/tzdES dyfcHae&w,f/ &Juvnf; jyóem½Smaew,fvdk Y Mum;&w,f/tzdES dyfcHae&w,f/ &Juvnf; jyóem½Smaew,fvdk Y Mum;&w,f/tzdES dyfcHae&w,f/ &Juvnf; jyóem½Smaew,fvdk Y Mum;&w,f/

tif;/ [kwfw,f/ tJ'guawmh jyóem½Smw,f/ 'gvnf; ae&mwdkif;awmh r[kwfbl;ayghav/ olUae&meJYolaygh/

'DrSmae&wm vHkNcHKrI½S dovm;/'DrSmae&wm vHkNcHKrI½S dovm;/'DrSmae&wm vHkNcHKrI½S dovm;/'DrSmae&wm vHkNcHKrI½S dovm;/'DrSmae&wm vHkNcHKrI½S dovm;/vHkNcHKrI½S dovm;qdkawmh avmavmq,f uGsefawmfwdk Yae&mrSm

odyfr½Sdovdkjzpfaewmaygh/ ukd,fhrdom;pkeJYukd,fyJ vHkvHkNcHKNcHKaerS jzpfr,fh yHkpH/ ukd,fhrdom;pktkyfvdkuf pnf;pnf;½Hk;½Hk;ae&if tqifajyw,f/ukd,fhvlukd,f rae&ifawmh [dk;bufrSmawmh awmfawmfqdk;w,f/

b,fvdkrsdK;qdk;vJ/b,fvdkrsdK;qdk;vJ/b,fvdkrsdK;qdk;vJ/b,fvdkrsdK;qdk;vJ/b,fvdkrsdK;qdk;vJ/ewfuvifuvkyfvkduf/ ykvdyfu wufvdkuf/ewfuvifqdkwm bmvJ/ewfuvifqdkwm bmvJ/ewfuvifqdkwm bmvJ/ewfuvifqdkwm bmvJ/ewfuvifqdkwm bmvJ/ewfuvifqdkwm jrefrmvdk wdkwdkajym&ifawmh vrf;o&Jaygh/'DrSmvrf;o&Jvnf; ½S dw,faygh/'DrSmvrf;o&Jvnf; ½S dw,faygh/'DrSmvrf;o&Jvnf; ½S dw,faygh/'DrSmvrf;o&Jvnf; ½S dw,faygh/'DrSmvrf;o&Jvnf; ½S dw,faygh/½Srf;awGvnf;½Sdw,f/ ArmawGvnf;½Sdw,f/ wcsdKU ArmeJY½Srf;eJY

vkyfpm;aew,faygh/

tJonfawmh qufawmhaeOD;r,f/ rjyefao;bl;aygh/tJonfawmh qufawmhaeOD;r,f/ rjyefao;bl;aygh/tJonfawmh qufawmhaeOD;r,f/ rjyefao;bl;aygh/tJonfawmh qufawmhaeOD;r,f/ rjyefao;bl;aygh/tJonfawmh qufawmhaeOD;r,f/ rjyefao;bl;aygh/' guawm h u G s e f awm fw d k Y en f ; en f ; y g ; y g ;

ykdufqHav;½Sdvmr,fqdk&if jyefvkyfpm;zdkY tpDtpOf½Sdw,f/tckq&mawmfawG 'DukdMuGvmwmukd b,fvdkjrifovJ/tckq&mawmfawG 'DukdMuGvmwmukd b,fvdkjrifovJ/tckq&mawmfawG 'DukdMuGvmwmukd b,fvdkjrifovJ/tckq&mawmfawG 'DukdMuGvmwmukd b,fvdkjrifovJ/tckq&mawmfawG 'DukdMuGvmwmukd b,fvdkjrifovJ/aumi f ;ygw,f/ tckvd k Mu Gvmwm uG se fawm fwd k Yvnf;

w&m ;y G J av;u k d z l ; j ri f&w,f / v ky fu k d i f ay ;&w J htw Gu fuGsefawmfwdkYvnf; toif;jyefvkyf xm;ygw,f/

bmtoif;vkyfxm;ovJ/bmtoif;vkyfxm;ovJ/bmtoif;vkyfxm;ovJ/bmtoif;vkyfxm;ovJ/bmtoif;vkyfxm;ovJ/omoemh0d[um&Dtoif;ygyJ/'DrSmtoif;tzGJUawG trsm;BuD;yJqdk/'DrSmtoif;tzGJUawG trsm;BuD;yJqdk/'DrSmtoif;tzGJUawG trsm;BuD;yJqdk/'DrSmtoif;tzGJUawG trsm;BuD;yJqdk/'DrSmtoif;tzGJUawG trsm;BuD;yJqdk/trsm;BuD;½Sdw,f/bmvdk YuGJjym;aeMuwmvJ/bmvdk YuGJjym;aeMuwmvJ/bmvdk YuGJjym;aeMuwmvJ/bmvdk YuGJjym;aeMuwmvJ/bmvdk YuGJjym;aeMuwmvJ/tJ'gawmh uGsefawmf rajymwwfbl;/ uGsefawmfwdkYtoif;u

tckrS pwnfaxmifumpqdkawmh &yf½GmrSmpnf;pnf;½H k;½H k;jzpfzk d Uvdkufpnf;½Hk;w,f/ aqG;aEG;w,f/ 'Dvdkw&m;yGJawGjzpfajrmufatmifvdkufpnf;½Hk;w,f/

tm;vH k; jrefrmawGaygif;NyD; toif;tzG J Uc d ki fc d ki frmrmvkyfzd k Ytm;vH k; jrefrmawGaygif;NyD; toif;tzG J Uc d ki fc d ki frmrmvkyfzd k Ytm;vH k; jrefrmawGaygif;NyD; toif;tzG J Uc d ki fc d ki frmrmvkyfzd k Ytm;vH k; jrefrmawGaygif;NyD; toif;tzG J Uc d ki fc d ki frmrmvkyfzd k Ytm;vH k; jrefrmawGaygif;NyD; toif;tzG J Uc d ki fc d ki frmrmvkyfzd k YtpDtpOf r½Sdbl;vm;/tpDtpOf r½Sdbl;vm;/tpDtpOf r½Sdbl;vm;/tpDtpOf r½Sdbl;vm;/tpDtpOf r½Sdbl;vm;/

y d k aumi f ;wmay g h / u k d, f hxu f Bu D ;w J ho l aw GpDpOfw,fqdkawmhuGsefawmf wdkYu aemufuvdkuf½HkyJ/

'DrSmaewm tmrcHcsuf½S dovm;/'DrSmaewm tmrcHcsuf½S dovm;/'DrSmaewm tmrcHcsuf½S dovm;/'DrSmaewm tmrcHcsuf½S dovm;/'DrSmaewm tmrcHcsuf½S dovm;/tmrcHcsufu olrsm;EdkifiHqdkawmh b,f½SdrSmvJ/aus;Zl;yJ/aus;Zl;yJ/aus;Zl;yJ/aus;Zl;yJ/aus;Zl;yJ/

pm-36 xkdif;EkdifiH r[mcsKdifwGif Work Permit rSbmvdk Y 'DukdvmMuwmvJ/bmvdk Y 'DukdvmMuwmvJ/bmvdk Y 'DukdvmMuwmvJ/bmvdk Y 'DukdvmMuwmvJ/bmvdk Y 'DukdvmMuwmvJ/orD;wdkYu bmvdkYvmovJqdkawmh jrefrmjynfeJY'DeJY pufcsKyfwmvnf;

omw,f/ ukd,fh&JUtdrfudkvnf; trsm;BuD;axmufyHhEdkifw,f/ tJonfvdk&nf½G,fcsufeJYvmwm/ ukd,fhEdkifiHukd cGmvmw,fqdkwmvnf; orD;wdkYuA[kokw½Smcsifw,fayghaemf/

tJonfawmh vmvmcsif; tvkyf&ovm;/tJonfawmh vmvmcsif; tvkyf&ovm;/tJonfawmh vmvmcsif; tvkyf&ovm;/tJonfawmh vmvmcsif; tvkyf&ovm;/tJonfawmh vmvmcsif; tvkyf&ovm;/[kwfuJh &ygw,f/vpmb,favmuf&ovJ/vpmb,favmuf&ovJ/vpmb,favmuf&ovJ/vpmb,favmuf&ovJ/vpmb,favmuf&ovJ/tJonfwkef;u bwfaps;b,favmuf&ovJqdkawmh (1500) &

w,f/ (1500) uae aemufawmh (3000) &w,f/tJonfawmh tvkyfvkyf&w,fqdkawmh w&m;0ifvkyf&wmvm;/tJonfawmh tvkyfvkyf&w,fqdkawmh w&m;0ifvkyf&wmvm;/tJonfawmh tvkyfvkyf&w,fqdkawmh w&m;0ifvkyf&wmvm;/tJonfawmh tvkyfvkyf&w,fqdkawmh w&m;0ifvkyf&wmvm;/tJonfawmh tvkyfvkyf&w,fqdkawmh w&m;0ifvkyf&wmvm;/[kwfuJh/,dk;',m;&JawGbmawG aESmif h,Sufwm r½Sdbl;aygh/,dk;',m;&JawGbmawG aESmif h,Sufwm r½Sdbl;aygh/,dk;',m;&JawGbmawG aESmif h,Sufwm r½Sdbl;aygh/,dk;',m;&JawGbmawG aESmif h,Sufwm r½Sdbl;aygh/,dk;',m;&JawGbmawG aESmif h,Sufwm r½Sdbl;aygh/tJonfvdkrsdK;awmh r½Sdygbl;/tJonfawmh 'Dr[mcsdKifrSm jrefrm (2) odef;avmuf½Sdw,fqdkwmtJonfawmh 'Dr[mcsdKifrSm jrefrm (2) odef;avmuf½Sdw,fqdkwmtJonfawmh 'Dr[mcsdKifrSm jrefrm (2) odef;avmuf½Sdw,fqdkwmtJonfawmh 'Dr[mcsdKifrSm jrefrm (2) odef;avmuf½Sdw,fqdkwmtJonfawmh 'Dr[mcsdKifrSm jrefrm (2) odef;avmuf½Sdw,fqdkwm

[kwfovm;/[kwfovm;/[kwfovm;/[kwfovm;/[kwfovm;/[kwfygw,f½Sifh/tJonfhvlawGu w&m;0ifvmwm b,favmuf½SdvJ/ w&m;r0iftJonfhvlawGu w&m;0ifvmwm b,favmuf½SdvJ/ w&m;r0iftJonfhvlawGu w&m;0ifvmwm b,favmuf½SdvJ/ w&m;r0iftJonfhvlawGu w&m;0ifvmwm b,favmuf½SdvJ/ w&m;r0iftJonfhvlawGu w&m;0ifvmwm b,favmuf½SdvJ/ w&m;r0if

vmwm b,favmuf½S dovJ/vmwm b,favmuf½S dovJ/vmwm b,favmuf½S dovJ/vmwm b,favmuf½S dovJ/vmwm b,favmuf½S dovJ/tJ'guawmh orD;wdkYuawmh puf½Hkwpf½Hkukd a&mufoGm;NyDqdk&if

wjcm;puf½HkawGajymif;w,fqdkwm orD;wdkYrSmr½Sdbl;/ vmwmawmh trsm;BuD;yJ/ atmufvrf;eJY ukd,fuwpfcgrSrvmbl;awmh ukd,frodbl;/ukd,fawGu w&m;0ifvmwmayghaemf/ orD;wdkY atupHeJYNyD;awmhrS 'Dtay:a&mufNyD;awmhrS tJonfhac:vmwJholu bwfvkyfay;w,f/ tJonfvdkatmufvrf;uvmwmawmh orD;wdkYu odyfrodbl;/

'DrSmawmh a½TUajymif;tvkyform;vdk Yac:wmayghaemf/'DrSmawmh a½TUajymif;tvkyform;vdk Yac:wmayghaemf/'DrSmawmh a½TUajymif;tvkyform;vdk Yac:wmayghaemf/'DrSmawmh a½TUajymif;tvkyform;vdk Yac:wmayghaemf/'DrSmawmh a½TUajymif;tvkyform;vdk Yac:wmayghaemf/[kwfuJh/tJonfhtvkyform;awGeJ Yywfoufvdk Y tpdk;&u w&m;0ifjzpftJonfhtvkyform;awGeJ Yywfoufvdk Y tpdk;&u w&m;0ifjzpftJonfhtvkyform;awGeJ Yywfoufvdk Y tpdk;&u w&m;0ifjzpftJonfhtvkyform;awGeJ Yywfoufvdk Y tpdk;&u w&m;0ifjzpftJonfhtvkyform;awGeJ Yywfoufvdk Y tpdk;&u w&m;0ifjzpf

atmif vkyfay;aewma&m vkyfNyD;oGm;NyDvm;/atmif vkyfay;aewma&m vkyfNyD;oGm;NyDvm;/atmif vkyfay;aewma&m vkyfNyD;oGm;NyDvm;/atmif vkyfay;aewma&m vkyfNyD;oGm;NyDvm;/atmif vkyfay;aewma&m vkyfNyD;oGm;NyDvm;/tpdk;&u vkyfNyD;oGm;NyDvm;qdkawmh orD;wdkYvdk atupHeJY jrefrmjynf

u wufvmwJholawG w&m;0ifvkyfay;aew,f/ t&ifyxruawmhorD;wd k Yuawmh uk d,f hpuf½H kaxmufcHpmeJ Yuk d,f vmMuwmygyJ/"mwfyH kawGeJ Y ayg haemf/ tckw&m;0ifvkyfay;w,fqd kwmuawmhukd,fh&JUrSwfyHkwifeJY olwdkYuvkyfMuwmyg/

xdkif;&J vmNyD;aESmif h,Sufwmwdk Y? aiGnSpfwmwdk Y r½S dbl;aygh/xdkif;&J vmNyD;aESmif h,Sufwmwdk Y? aiGnSpfwmwdk Y r½S dbl;aygh/xdkif;&J vmNyD;aESmif h,Sufwmwdk Y? aiGnSpfwmwdk Y r½S dbl;aygh/xdkif;&J vmNyD;aESmif h,Sufwmwdk Y? aiGnSpfwmwdk Y r½S dbl;aygh/xdkif;&J vmNyD;aESmif h,Sufwmwdk Y? aiGnSpfwmwdk Y r½S dbl;aygh/tJ'grsdK;awmh r½Sdbl;/ vrf;udkoGm;awmh ukd,fh&JU½SdwJhywfpfykdY? ukd,fh

tvkyf&JU work permit ayghaemf U U U tvkyform;uwf/ tJ'grygbl;qdk&ifawmh olwdkY'PfaiG½kdufygw,f/ (5) axmifwdkY bmwdkY awmif;wmayghaemf/ukd,fhbuf½Sif;w,fqdk&if (1) axmifavmufeJYNyD;oGm;ygNyD/ orD;wdkYawmhwpfcgrS tJonfvdkrjzpfzl;ygbl;/

tck wpfv0ifaiGb,favmuf&ovJ/tck wpfv0ifaiGb,favmuf&ovJ/tck wpfv0ifaiGb,favmuf&ovJ/tck wpfv0ifaiGb,favmuf&ovJ/tck wpfv0ifaiGb,favmuf&ovJ/orD;wdkY 'DrSm0ifaiGu b,favmuf&ovJqdk&if wpfvrSwpfcg½Sif;

wm/ wcs d K Upuf½ H kawGqd k&i f (15) &ufwpfcgayg h / vuke f Ny D ;(5)&ufukdwpfcg? ESpfcg½Sif;wmaygh/

tJonfawmh tdrfudk b,favmufjyefyk d YovJ/tJonfawmh tdrfudk b,favmufjyefyk d YovJ/tJonfawmh tdrfudk b,favmufjyefyk d YovJ/tJonfawmh tdrfudk b,favmufjyefyk d YovJ/tJonfawmh tdrfudk b,favmufjyefyk d YovJ/orD;u tdrfukd pm;NyD;aomufNyD; 'DrSmtcef;cvnf;½Sdw,fav

tcef;c?um;c½Sdw,f/ um;tykd YtBudKr½Sdbl;/ ukd,fh&JUpm;p&dwfeJYuwpfvukdyHkrSef (4000) ukefygw,f/ orD;wdkY&wm (9000) qdk&if (5000)avmufpkrdygw,f/ tJonfvdk (5000) pkrdawmh orD;wdkYtdrfukd (1)odef;cGJ? (2) odef; U U U tJonfvdkykdYygw,f/

tdrfawG bmawGaqmufNyD;NyDvm;/tdrfawG bmawGaqmufNyD;NyDvm;/tdrfawG bmawGaqmufNyD;NyDvm;/tdrfawG bmawGaqmufNyD;NyDvm;/tdrfawG bmawGaqmufNyD;NyDvm;/orD;wdkYu e*dkuwnf;u tdrfykdif½Sdygw,f/ orD;u wpfa,muf

wnf; wpfOD;wnf;aomorm;qdkawmh orD;ub,fvdkvkyfovJqdkawmhorD;&JUtazukday;w,f/ NyD;vdkY½Sd&if orD;u 'DrSmukodkvfa&;awGvnf;vkyfw,f/ wlav;awGukdvnf; ½SifjyKay;ygw,f/

tck 'DrSmAk'¨bmomtzGJUtpnf;awGjzpfvmwm bmaMumifhjzpftck 'DrSmAk'¨bmomtzGJUtpnf;awGjzpfvmwm bmaMumifhjzpftck 'DrSmAk'¨bmomtzGJUtpnf;awGjzpfvmwm bmaMumifhjzpftck 'DrSmAk'¨bmomtzGJUtpnf;awGjzpfvmwm bmaMumifhjzpftck 'DrSmAk'¨bmomtzGJUtpnf;awGjzpfvmwm bmaMumifhjzpfvmwmvJ/vmwmvJ/vmwmvJ/vmwmvJ/vmwmvJ/

'DtzGJUtpnf;awGu b,fvdkjzpfvJqdkawmh orD;wdkY NyD;cJhwJhvurS(5) vykdif;avmufuwnf; tJonfvdkrsdK;awGMum;w,f/ Mum;awmhorD;wdkYu odkYavm? odkYavm [kwfvm;? r[kwfvm;vnf; rodbl;/aemufykdif;usawmh 'DuaeNyD;awmh oGm;Muw,f/ wdkYjrefrmjynfrSmwdk;wufaeNyD/ 'grsdK;awGvkyfaew,f/ aemufNyD; or®wBuD;OD;odef;pdefuvnf; cGifhjyKaew,fqfdkawmh t&rf;ukdvnf;tm;wufw,f/ orD;wdkYu 'DrSmtoif;tzGJUvnf; r[kwfbl;/ orD;wdkYu [dk;jrefrmjynfrSmaeuwnf;u "r®pMum½GwfwmwdkY bmwdkY 0goemygw,f/ orD;wdkYae&muae wjcm;puf½HkrSm Oyrm jzL;q&mawmf&JUwynfhwdkYvmw,f/a½Tn0gq&mawmfwdkY tJonfvdkvmwJhtcgus&if puf½HkawG? puf½HkawGrSm oli,fcsif;awG½Sdw,f/ zdwfpm½kdufygvm;/ zdwfpm½kduf&if tm;vHk;puf½HkawGu tultnDay;r,f/ tvSLcHay;r,fqdkNyD; U U U uJ U U UtJ'gqdk aumif;wmqdkNyD; b,fq&mawmf? b,ftcsdefb,faeYrSmtJonfhq&mawmfMuGvmr,fqdk&if orD;udkzdwfpmay;w,f/ orD;uyHkrSeftdwf (500) ,lNyD; orD;oli,fcsif;awGpuf½HkawGqD jzefYay;NyD;awmhorD;wdkYu tJonfvdkvkyfay;w,f/ tck omoemhEk*¾[toif;uvnf;'DvkdtusdK;aqmifwmukd t&rf;ukdtm;ay;w,f/ 'DvdkrsdK;vkyfwJhtcgusawmh orD;wdkYu tJ'gqdk&if 0ifr,fayghaemf/ tJ'gaMumifh orD;wdkYu0ifvdkufw,f/ oli,fcsif;awGvnf; ac:w,f/ oli,fcsif;tcsif;csif;wdkYu 'Dvdkvkyfw,fqdkawmh wdkYrSm emrnfawmhr½Sdbl;/ tJonfawmh'Demrnfav;u wdkYjrefrmjynfrSmvnf; vkyfw,f? 'DrSmvnf;vkyfwJhtwGufaMumifhrd k Yvdk Y tqifajyw,f/ tJonfawmh 0ifMuayghaemf/ukd,fh&JUtodpdwf "mwfav;eJYqdkNyD; ukd,fh&JUy&[dwvkyfief;vkyfygw,f/aemuf *svef;q&mawmfMuGvm&if w&m;vnf;ay;w,f/ wcsdKUNrdKUolawG t0wftpm;r½Sdbl;qdk&if orD;yJ tNrJtvSLcHay;w,f/ rdw¬DvmrD;ab;rSmvnf; tvSLcHay;w,f/ NyD;vdkY½Sd&if a½Tn0gq&mawmfvm&ifvnf; orD;tvSLcHay;ygw,f/ tJonfawmh orD;wdkY'DuaeNyD;awmhoydwftdkif q&mawmfMuGvmawmhvnf; zdwfpmav;awG urf;ay;ygw,f/ q&mawmfBuD;ukd;yg; MuGvmawmhvnf; orD;wdkYu 'DrSm(31)

&ufaeY qm'l;ywDrSm yxrqHk;vkyfw,f/ wpf&ufaeYusawmh orD;wdkYtkef;vJ? tkef;,dkifvkyf w,f/ tJonfhae&mav;rSm wdyd#uq&mawmfBuD;ukd;yg;rSm wpfyg;u usef;rma&;raumif;vdkY ½Spfyg;yJMuGvmw,f/orD;wdkY 'Dr[mcsdKifabmvHk;uGif;rSm tJonfvdkrsdK; tBuD;tus,fyJvkyfygw,f/

'DrSm oef;acgifpm&if;vmaumufovm;/'DrSm oef;acgifpm&if;vmaumufovm;/'DrSm oef;acgifpm&if;vmaumufovm;/'DrSm oef;acgifpm&if;vmaumufovm;/'DrSm oef;acgifpm&if;vmaumufovm;/'DrSmoef;acgifpm&if;aumufw,fawmh r½Sdbl;/ orD;wdk YaewJh

tcef;awGu olaX;u wm0ef,lw,fqdk&if NyD;oGm;wmyJ/ ykvdyfawGbmawG vmppfjcif;vnf; r½Sdygbl;/

r[kwfbl;av/ jrefrmjynfrSm oef;acgifpm&if;aumufw,fav/r[kwfbl;av/ jrefrmjynfrSm oef;acgifpm&if;aumufw,fav/r[kwfbl;av/ jrefrmjynfrSm oef;acgifpm&if;aumufw,fav/r[kwfbl;av/ jrefrmjynfrSm oef;acgifpm&if;aumufw,fav/r[kwfbl;av/ jrefrmjynfrSm oef;acgifpm&if;aumufw,fav/aumufwJhtcg pm&if;0ifvm;/ r0ifbl;vm;/ 'DrSm½S dwJh jrefrm(2)aumufwJhtcg pm&if;0ifvm;/ r0ifbl;vm;/ 'DrSm½S dwJh jrefrm(2)aumufwJhtcg pm&if;0ifvm;/ r0ifbl;vm;/ 'DrSm½S dwJh jrefrm(2)aumufwJhtcg pm&if;0ifvm;/ r0ifbl;vm;/ 'DrSm½S dwJh jrefrm(2)aumufwJhtcg pm&if;0ifvm;/ r0ifbl;vm;/ 'DrSm½S dwJh jrefrm(2)odef;u oef;acgifpm&if;aumufwJhtxJrSm pm&if;0ifovm;/odef;u oef;acgifpm&if;aumufwJhtxJrSm pm&if;0ifovm;/odef;u oef;acgifpm&if;aumufwJhtxJrSm pm&if;0ifovm;/odef;u oef;acgifpm&if;aumufwJhtxJrSm pm&if;0ifovm;/odef;u oef;acgifpm&if;aumufwJhtxJrSm pm&if;0ifovm;/

orD;wdkYu jrefrmjynfrSm oef;acgifpm&if;u ½SdNyD;om;yJav/tJonfawmh 'DrSmvmaumufwmawmh r½Sdbl;aygh/tJonfawmh 'DrSmvmaumufwmawmh r½Sdbl;aygh/tJonfawmh 'DrSmvmaumufwmawmh r½Sdbl;aygh/tJonfawmh 'DrSmvmaumufwmawmh r½Sdbl;aygh/tJonfawmh 'DrSmvmaumufwmawmh r½Sdbl;aygh/'DrSmvmaumufwmawmh r½Sdygbl;/ [kwfuJh/ Oyrm orD;wdkY tazu

oef;acgifpm&if;aumufawmhr,f jyefqif;vmcJ hqd k&if orD;wdk Yujyefqif;wm ayghaemf/

b,fESacgufjyefjzpfvJ/b,fESacgufjyefjzpfvJ/b,fESacgufjyefjzpfvJ/b,fESacgufjyefjzpfvJ/b,fESacgufjyefjzpfvJ/orD;uawmh rjyefao;ygbl;/ aiGyJykdYay;w,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh

orD;u &nfrSef;csuf½Sdw,f/ orD;wdkYu av;ESpfjynfhwmqdkawmh orD;uESpfESpfNyD;oGm;NyD/ aemufESpfESpftwGufvkyfNyD;&ifawmh tNyD;jyefr,fvdkYpdwful; xm;ygw,f/

tJonfawmhNyD;cJhwJhMum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJwkef;urJxnfh&ovm;/tJonfawmhNyD;cJhwJhMum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJwkef;urJxnfh&ovm;/tJonfawmhNyD;cJhwJhMum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJwkef;urJxnfh&ovm;/tJonfawmhNyD;cJhwJhMum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJwkef;urJxnfh&ovm;/tJonfawmhNyD;cJhwJhMum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJwkef;urJxnfh&ovm;/orD;wdkYuawmh rxnfh&ygbl;/tck Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyG Jus&if rJjyefxnfhrSmvm;/tck Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyG Jus&if rJjyefxnfhrSmvm;/tck Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyG Jus&if rJjyefxnfhrSmvm;/tck Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyG Jus&if rJjyefxnfhrSmvm;/tck Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyG Jus&if rJjyefxnfhrSmvm;/[kwfuJ h/ olwd k Yu ac:w,fqd k&if orD;wd k Yu jyefxnf hz d k Y

tqifoifhygyJ/b,fukdrJxnfhrSmvJ/b,fukdrJxnfhrSmvJ/b,fukdrJxnfhrSmvJ/b,fukdrJxnfhrSmvJ/b,fukdrJxnfhrSmvJ/orD;wdkYu b,fvdkac:rvJqdkawmh orD;wdkY&JUtajccHOya'u b,f

olawGub,fvdkvkyfaew,fqdkwmorD;wdkYurodbl;/ orD;wdkYtazuaea':atmifqef;pkMunf (odkYr[kwf) b,folayghaemf/ tJonfvdkrJay;qdk&iforD;wdkYuay;&rSmaygh/

tckvkd q&mawmfBuD;awG U U U usdKufxD;aqmifq&mawmfMuGvmtckvkd q&mawmfBuD;awG U U U usdKufxD;aqmifq&mawmfMuGvmtckvkd q&mawmfBuD;awG U U U usdKufxD;aqmifq&mawmfMuGvmtckvkd q&mawmfBuD;awG U U U usdKufxD;aqmifq&mawmfMuGvmtckvkd q&mawmfBuD;awG U U U usdKufxD;aqmifq&mawmfMuGvmwJhtay: b,fvdkjrifovJ/wJhtay: b,fvdkjrifovJ/wJhtay: b,fvdkjrifovJ/wJhtay: b,fvdkjrifovJ/wJhtay: b,fvdkjrifovJ/

b,fvdkjrifovJqdkawmh orD;wdkYu t&rf;0rf;omwmayghaemf/ukd,fh&JU jrefrmbkef;BuD;MuGvmw,fqdkawmh t&rf;udkvnf;tm;½Sdw,f/tm;vnf;wufw,f/ tckqdk&if 'Dq&mawmfawGMuGvmwm at;at;aq;aq;yJ/ ukd;yg;q&mawmfwkef;uqdk&if awmfawmfukd tcuftcJrsm;pGm&ifqdkifNyD;awmhrS tJonfvdkrsdK;vkyf&w,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh'DrSma½G;aumufyGJvnf;½Sdw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh twdkuftcHawGvkyfNyD;awmhrS 'DutmPmenf;enf;½SdwJh tefwDhukdtultnDawmif;NyD;awmh tJonfhtcuftcJav;awGukd orD;wdkYukdvmNyD;awmhajz½Sif;ay;yg/ orD;wdkY'DrSmvnf;ukd;yg;q&mawmfylaZmfyGJvnf;½Sdw,fqdkawmh tJonfhtefwDu vmNyD;½Sif;ay;w,f/ 'DrSm½SdwJhtoif;awGutrsm;BuD;yJ/ (24)oif;½Sdw,fvdkYajymygw,f/

tck tzGJU0ifb,favmuf½S dovJ/tck tzGJU0ifb,favmuf½S dovJ/tck tzGJU0ifb,favmuf½S dovJ/tck tzGJU0ifb,favmuf½S dovJ/tck tzGJU0ifb,favmuf½S dovJ/orD;ubefaumufuorD;wdkY&JUtzGJUuqdk&if(113)a,muf½Sdygw,f/orD;u r[mcsdKifrSmraebl;vm;/orD;u r[mcsdKifrSmraebl;vm;/orD;u r[mcsdKifrSmraebl;vm;/orD;u r[mcsdKifrSmraebl;vm;/orD;u r[mcsdKifrSmraebl;vm;/orD;u r[mcsdKifrSmraebl;/ 'DrSmw&m;yGJ zdwfw,fqdk&if orD;wdkY

uvmwmyg/ 'Dr[mcsdKifrSmawmh trsm;BuD;yJ½Sdw,f/aus;Zl;yJ/aus;Zl;yJ/aus;Zl;yJ/aus;Zl;yJ/aus;Zl;yJ/

Page 29: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

27

vnf; uRefawmfwdkU vufawGUodvdkuf&wmvJjzpfygw,f/ wu,fygyJ28-9-99&ufaeUreufrSmawmh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u t&m&Sdwpfa,mufa&mufvmNyD; 'DaeUcifAsm; wdkUtm;vHk; udk,fhtdrfudkudk,fjyefcGifh&MuygjyDvdkU vmajymcJhvdkUygyJ/

av;pm;pGmjzif hav;pm;pGmjzif hav;pm;pGmjzif hav;pm;pGmjzif hav;pm;pGmjzif hxuf&mZmxuf&mZmxuf&mZmxuf&mZmxuf&mZm

wcgu 9-9-99 aeYodkUtrSwfw&wcgu 9-9-99 aeYodkUtrSwfw&wcgu 9-9-99 aeYodkUtrSwfw&wcgu 9-9-99 aeYodkUtrSwfw&wcgu 9-9-99 aeYodkUtrSwfw&

uRefawmfwdkU wyfr 11 wyf&if;a&mufwJh tcgrSmawmh ppfbm;wdkufBuD;wckxJudkxnfhvdkufjyD; ppfbm;wdkufxJrSmawmh tdyf,mcif;jyD;om; ppfjcifaxmifaxmifxm;ckwifawGrsm;pGm;udkawGU&NyD; uRefawmfeJUud kboufatmifu ckwifjcif;uyf&uf ae&m,lvk dufMuygw,f/bm;wdkuf&JU zGJUpnf;yHku [dkzufckwifwef; 'Dbufckwifwwef;xm;jyD;tvnfrSm avQmufvSrf;xm;ay;xm;wmyg/ cPtMumrSmawmh wyfr11&Jh wyfrrSSL; a&mufvmNyD; oem;p&maumif;avmufatmif rdefUcGef;a>cygawmhw,f/usaemfwdkUudk 'DudkydkUvdkufwJhtwGuf olwdkUuuRefawmfwdkUtwGuf usef;rma&;eJU pm;a&;aomufa&;om wm0ef&SdwmjzpfaMumif;olwdkUeJUckudpöu bmrSroufqdkifaMumif; uRefawmfwkdUudkvnf;wcgrSrodaMumif; 'gaMumifh wyfr 11 udk &efolvdkoabmrxm;yJ vma&mufvnfywfwJh tdrf&Sifwpfa,mufwpfa,mufvdkom oabmxm;oifhaMumif;ajymygw,f/ atmf wwfvnf;wwfEdkifwJholawGyJ aemufNyD; usaemfwdkUudkEdkifiHawmftpdk;&u vlwa,mufudk wpf&uf 350EIef;owfrSwfxm;wJhtwGuf reufudk vzuf&nfrkefU aeUcif;xrif;[if; aeUcif;vzuf&nfeJUrkefU nxrif;[if; av;eyfauR;rSmjzpfaMumif;vJ ajymygw,f/ olwdkUbmajymajym uRefawmfwdkU tm;vHk;uawmh npfaeMuwmyJ odygawmhw,f/bmrSvJrvkyf&yJ 9 av;vHk;qdkwJhtaMumif;jycsufeJUrw&m;zrf;qD;cJhjyD;b,favmufMumatmif 'DrSmxm;rSmrSef;vnf; rod&wJhtajctaejzpfaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fhvnf; jyefrqHkjzpfwmMumjyDjzpfwJh EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;a[mif;awGudk wpfae&mxJrSm jyefpkay;vkdufwJhtcg tm;vHk;aysmfaeMuovdk pum;awGvnf; ajymrukefEdkifjzpfaeMuwmuawmh trSwfw&ygyJ/ 'gayr,fh xl;qef;wmu uRefawmfwdkU&JUbm;wdkufxJuaemufqHk;ckwif5vHk;rSm uRefawmfwdkUwpfcgrSrjrifbl;wJh ol5a,mufavmufvJ uRefawmfwkdUvdkyJ txkyftydk;awGeJU xkdifaewmawGU&awmhusaemfwdkUpdwftxifu e,faxmifuvGwfvmwJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGjzpfavmufw,fqdkNyD; oGm;rdwfqufwJhtcg tJ'DxJu touftMuD;qHk;vdkUxif&wJhvlwa,mufu uRefawmfwdkUtufpfbDuyg uRefawmfu'k&JrSK; (emrnfrrSwfrd)yg 'gu'k&JtkyfawGygwJh/ uRefawmfwkdUudkvnf;b,fukdoGm;&rSm rajymyJ nwGif;jcif; ppfqifa&;&Sdw,f t0wftpm;awGxnfhqdkvdkU vkdufvmwmwJh /jyD;awmh oluqufajymygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkUvJ tufpfbDuqdkayr,fh ckawmh cifAsm;wdkUeJU b0wlawGygyJAsmwJh/twlwl tzrf;cHxm;&wmyJavwJh/ [kwfawmhvJ[kwfygw,f/olwdkUvJusaemfwdkUvdkyJ bm;wdkufudkumxm;wJh oGyfql;MudK;0if;xJuae tjyifudkxGufcGifhr&Muygbl;/ tJ'Dwkef;u ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u b,favmuftmPmBuD;ovJqdk&if uRefawmfwdkUudk vHkNcHKa&;vdkuf,lwJh ckeu&Jt&m&SdawGtm;vHk;udktkyfcsKyfwJhtifcsyfu axmufvSrf;a&; 12 ut&mcHAdkvfwa,mufyg/ tufpfbDu &JoHk;yGifhqdkayr,fh 'Dt&mcHAdkvf&JUpum;udk tm;vHk;u emcHMu&ygw,f/'DvdkeJU reufvufzuf&nfav;aomufvkduf aeUcif;vzuf&nfav;aomufvkduf naeqdk jcif;vHk;av;cwfvdkufeJU at;aq;aecJhayr,fh wpfywfavmuftMumrSmawmh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;&JY Zmwd½kyfuay:vmNyDyJjzpfygw,f/ (wpfcka&;zkdUarhoGm;vdkUyg/ uRefawmfwdkUa&mufNyD; 4&ufavmuftMumrSm ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifudkrif;aZ,s udkndKxGef;eJU udkarmfvif;wdkUudk axmufvSrf;a&;uac:xkwfoGm;ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkUu taqmifajymif;vdkufw,fxifayr,fh olwdkUoHk;a,mufudk axmufvSrf;a&;uvTwfay;vkdufw,fqdkwm jyefvGwfrSod&ygw,f/) wpfywfavmuftMumrSm uRefawmfwdkUaexdkifaewJh ppfbm;wdkuf&JU rsufESmcsif;qdkifu ½kH;cef;xJudk AdkvfBuD;wpfa,mufOD;aqmifwJh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;tzGJUwzGJUa&muf&SdvmcJhjyD;uRefawmfwdkUawGwa,mufjcif;udk ac:,lawGUqHkar;jref;ygawmhw,f/t"duuawmh pdwf"gwfppfqifa&;ygyJ/ olwkdUar;wJhar;cGef;awGu9av;vHk;udkb,fvdkjrifovJ udk;av;vHk;aeUrSmom tjyifrSm&Sdae&ifbmvkyfzdkUtpDtpOf&SdvJ atbDtufpf'Dtufzfudkb,fvdkjrifvJ rdk;oD;ZGefudkb,fvdkjrifovJ pwJhar;cGef;aygif;rsm;pGmudkyJ xyfxyfNyD; aeUa&mnygar;aejcif;yJjzpfygw,f/ aemufw[fcsufu uRefawmfwdkUa&csKd;wJhtcgrSmuRefawmfwdkUvufarmif;ay:u yHkpHwlaq;rSifaMumifwcsdKUudk jrifoGm;wJhtcg olwdkUtwGuf tifrwefxl;jcm;csufudk oGm;awGUvdkuf&ovdkvJjzpfoGm;yHk&ygw,f/(1989?1990 ckESpfu EdkifiHa&;rIeJU axmifusMuwJhyk'fr 5^n EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm rdcifvufeJUNidrf;csrf;a&;iSufvdkU trnf&wJh vuf0g;2ck,Sufxm;wJhay:rSm oHvGifcufudkudkufxm;wJh *sKd;iSufyHkeJUMu,fyHkudk tawmfrsm;rsm; xkd;xm;MuvdkUygyJ/tJ'gudkjrifNyD;wJhtcgrSmawmh olwdkU&JUppfaMuma&;yHkpHuajymif;oGm;ygw,f/bmaMumifh'Dt½kyfawGudk yHkpHwlxdk;wmvJ bm&nf&G,fcsufeJUvJ 9av;vHk;rwdkifcifMurSxdk;wmvm;pwJh r[kwfu[kwfuar;cGef;awG udkajymif;ar;Mujyefygw,f/usaemfwdkUawGvnf; awmfawmfnpfaewJhtcsdefjzpfukefygjyD/'DtcsdefrSmyJ ckeua&;cJhwJh axmufvSrf;a&; 12 u t&mcHAdkvfaZmf0if;uuRefawmfwdkUtm;vHk;udkbmajymovJqdkawmh axmufvSrf;a&;qdkwmuawmh tjypfr&SdyJrzrf;bl;/ cifAsm;wkdUudkckuRefawmfwdkY xdrf;odef;cJhwmuvJwpfcsdefwkef;u wyfrawmftpdk;&udk taESmuft,Sufay;cJhwJh trJpuf&SdaevdkU xdrf;odef;&wmyJjzpfw,fvdkUajymwJhtcgrSmawmh tjypfr&SdyJvJtzrf;cHae& ppfaMuma&;uESdyfpufwJh pdwf"gwfppfqifa&;udkvnf;cHae&wJh uRefawmfwdkUtm;vHk;&Jha'go[m tJ'Dt&mcHAdkvfaZmf0if;qDudk pkyHka&muf&SdoGm;ygawmhw,f/ tm;vHk;u a[hvlcifAsm;bmpum;ajymwmvJbmtrJpufvJ usKyfwdkU&mZ0wfrIeJUaxmifuscJhwmr[kwfbl; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGuGvdkU tm;vHk;0dkif;atmf[pfNyD; olUqDudktm;vHk;u 0kdif;vmwJhtcg tJ'DppfaxmufvSrf;a&;[m olUudkuRefawmfwdkUuwckckvkyfr,fxifjyD; ppfbm;wdkufxJuae vHkcsnfpGefawmifpGJNyD; xGufajy;oGm; ygawmhw,f/ aZmf0if;r&S dwJ htcg uRefawmfwd k UxGufaewJ ha'goawGud kuRefawmfwdkUeJYtwl&SdaewJh tufpfbDu &JaxmufvSrf;a&;awGuvnf;vefUaew,fxifygw,f tJ'DxJu&JrSL;u OD;wkdUudkem;vnfyguGm OD;wdkUppfaxmufvSrf;a&;uvnf;r[kwfygbl; &JawGyg OD;wdkUvJrif;wdkUudkzrf;wmr[kwfygbl; rif;wdkUvdkyJOD;wdkUvJ tusOf;usaewmygvdkU rsufESmi,fav;eJUajymwJhtcgrSmawmh uRefawmfwdkUxJutBuD;qHk;vJjzpf acgif;aqmif

vJjzpfwJh udkAoufatmifuyJ uRefawmfwdkUuvnf; OD;av;wkdUudk &efrjyKygbl; b,folYudkrSvnf;&efrjyKygbl; uRefawmfwdkU[mb,fawmhrSr½dkif;wJhEdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;a[mif;awGygvdkU0ifajymrSyJ olwdkUvnf;pdwfoufom&m&oGm;Mu[efwlygw,f/ npmpm;NyD; n 7 em7DavmufrSmawmh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; aZmf0if;jyefa&mufvmjyD; reufuolajymcJhwmtwGuftm;vHk;udkawmif;yefaMumif;eJU aemufudkb,fawmhrS jyomemwufr,fhudpörsKd;rajymawmhygbl;vkdYuwday;NyD; rsufESmi,fav;eJYolUtdyf,mxJ0ifoGm;ygw,f/ 'DvdkeJYolwdkUodyfpdk;&drfylyefaewJh 9-9-99 &ufaeU reufcif;apmapmrSmawmh uRefawmfwdkUaewJhppfbm;wdkuf&JUywfywfvnfrSm vufeufudkifppfom;awGuif;ykef;0wfNyD; tjynfhcsxm;wmudkawGU vdkuf&wJhtcg pdwfxJuawmfawmfvJ&,fcsifrdygw,f/ wyfr11 &Jh oHql;BudK;umxm;wJh0if;xJrSmzrf;xnfhxm;wJh tyfwkdwpfacsmif;awmif r&SdwJholawGudkvufeufukdifawGu uif;ykef;0wfNyD; ae&mcsxm;wmudkawGU&vdkUyg/ 'DvkdeJY9&ufaeYukefqHk;cJhNyD; 10&ufaeUa&mufwJhtcdsefrSmawmh uRefawmfwdkUtm;vHk;u aZmf0if;uaewpfqifh wm0ef&SdwJholudkoGm;ajymay;yg 9 av;vHk;twGufzrf;wmqdk&if 9 av;vHk;jyD;oGm;jyD ck10&ufaeUa&mufNyD uRefawmfwdkUudkjyefvTwfay;ygvdkU oGm;ajymcdkif;vdkufygw,f/ tajctaeubmrSrxl;jcm;ao;ygbl;/ tm;vHk;uvJ vTwfay;r,fhtcsdefudkyJ apmifharQmfaeMuygw,f/ 11&ufaeUreufrSmawmh A[kdppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyf(a&Munftdkif)uwyfrSL;AdkvfrSK;BuD;vSatmifa&mufvmNyD; uRefawmfwdkUudkvmawGUygw,f/ olajymwmu EdkifiHawmfuvlBuD;awG uRefawmfwdkUudpöudkwkdifyifaeMuygw,f/qE´rapmMuygeJU/ 9av;vHk;NyD;oGm;NyDqdkayr,fh 1eJU 8eJUaygif;vJudk;ygyJ2eJY7eJ Yaygif;vJudk;ygyJwJh/ vlBuD;awGpDpOfaeygw,fvdkU ajymjyD;jyefxGufoGm;ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;odvdkufjyD/ ppftpkd;&[m igwdkUudkwpfzufvSnfheJY,kwfrmjyD/ olwdkUajymovdk 2 eJU7 eJUaygif;vJudk;yJqdkwJh27-9-99 aeUudkapmifhjyD; 28&ufaeUrSrvTwf&ifawmh uRefawmfwdkUwkdufyGJwckudkpwifMu&r,fvdkU uRefawmfwdkUtm;vHk; qHk;jzwfcJhcscJhMuygw,f/ ppftpkd;&[mwu,fyJaA'if,MwmawGudk ,HkMunfw,fqdkwmudk

rav;&Sm;EkdifiH IJN &efuif;uav;aq;½kHwkdh arG;&mygESvkH;a&m*ga0'em&Sifuav;i,frsm;ukdyl;aygif;cGJpdyfuko

&efukef ar (17)&efukef ar (17)&efukef ar (17)&efukef ar (17)&efukef ar (17)rav;&Sm;EkdifiH trsKd;om;ESvkH;txl;ukaq;½kHBuD; IJN ESifh &efukef

&efuif;uav;aq;½kHBuD;wkdYonf 'kwd,tBudrftjzpf arG;&mygESvkH;a&m*ga0'emuav;i,frsm;ukd atmifjrifpGmyl;aygif;cGJpdyfukoay;EkdifcJhonf[k qkdonf/

&efuif;uav;aq;½kH;BuD;ü 15-5-2014 ESifh 16-5-2014 aeY

&efuif;uav;aq;½kHonf jrefrmEkdifiHusef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme\vufatmufwGif&Sd uav;ESvkH;a&m*gtxl;ukXmeukd 1-11-2012 wGifpwifwnfaxmifcJhNyD; Professor Dr. 0if;0if;ausmfESifh arhaq;txl;ukq&m0efBuD; Dr. at;at;wkdYOD;aqmifí ,cktcsdeftxd ESvkH;ESifh ESvkH;aoG;aMumqkdif&m cGJpdwfrIaygif; 401 ckukd atmifjrifpGmcGJpdwfukocJhNyD;jzpfonf[kowif;xkwfjyefxm;onf/ YOH"mwfyk H -"mwfyk H -"mwfyk H -"mwfyk H -"mwfyk H - ZMN

rsm;wGif arG;&mygESvkH;taygufyg&Sdaom uav;i,f 7 OD;udk cGJpdyfay;cJhjcif;jzpfNyD uav;i,frsm;onf touf 4 ESpfrS 12 ESpftwGif;&S dMuNyD; cGJpdwfrIrsm;atmifjrifí ESvkH;MuyfrwfaqmifwGifusef;rmpGm&SdaMumif; od&Sd&onf/xkdokdY yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIonf'kwd,tBudrfjzpfNyD; 21-3-2014ESifh 22-3-2014 wGifyxrtBudrftjzpf arG;&mygESvkH;taygufyg&Sdaom touf 9 vESifh 7 ESpftwGif; uav;i,f 74 OD;ukdatmifjrifpGm cGJpdwfay;cJhNyD;jzpfonf[kqkdonf/

Page 30: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

28

,ckwpfavmü EkdifiH0efxrf;wcsKdUu EkdifiHom;wcsKdUtay: 0wÅ&m;aqmif&Gufonfukd [efYwm;w,fqkdNyD; jypfrIqkdif&mOya'yk'fr 186t& vnf;aumif;? tjcm;yk'frrsm;t&vnf;aumif; w&m;pGJqkdvmaeaMumif; Mum;&ygw,f/ onfowif;rsm;Mum;&wJhtcg uG,fvGefolvlodrsm;wJh tqkdawmfBuD;wpfOD;ukd jyefvnftrSwf&vmygw,f/ trnf&if;ukdrajymvkdawmhygbl;/

jzpf&yfukdom aemufaMumif;jyefyg&ap/ uRefawmf&JUoCFef;uRef;NrdKUe,f? &yfuGufwpfuGufrSm tJ'DtqkdawmfBuD;u &0wOuú|yg/ (1989-1990)ckESpfu 'DtqkdawmfBuD;&JUvufeuf[m olU&JUatmifjrif ausmfMum;wJh aw;*Dwr[kwfbJ wpfcguqkd&if oltvkdrus&if olUvkyfief;ESifhywfoufvmvQif olUukdjyefajymolrsm;ukd þyk'fr (186)t& w&m;cGifykdYypfavh&Sdygw,f/

tJ'Dyk'fr(186)t& pGyfpGJcH&olrsm;xJrSm trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyf &yfaus;acgif;aqmifrsm;vnf;ygvmcJhw,f/ olwkdY&JUtultnDawmif;cHcsuft& w&m;cGifrSm w&m;cHa&SUaetjzpf uRefawmfyg0ifcJhw,f/ESpfumvaMumifhvnf;aumif;? tdrftajymif;ta&TUaMumifhvnf;aumif;?wcsKdUtrIwGJrsm; ysufpD;aysmufqHk;oGm;wJhtwGuf trIeHygwftwdtusukdtck uRefawmf rwifjyEkdifawmhygbl;/

rSwfrSwf&&wifjyEkdifwmuawmh jypfrIqkdif&m Oya'yk'fr 186(*)yg&0wOuú|jzpfwJhol em;vnfvsufyg/ b,fvkdvJqkdawmh ol&0wOuú|tjzpf wm0ef,lwJh½Hk;rSmvnf; u&ifudpötygt0if &yfuGufa&;&mepfemcsuf? rauseyfcsufaMumif;ukd ol[m olU&JUtvkyf0wÅ&m;aqmif&Gufwmukd [efYwm;w,fvkdY rSwf,lw,f/

'gaMumifh w&m;cGifrSm uRefawmfu &0wOuú|&JU jynfolU0efxrf;aqmif&Gufcsuftm;vHk;eJY jypfrIqkdif&mOya'yk'fr 186 tusKH;r0ifaMumif;?jynfolU0efxrf;tm; tyfESif;xm;onfh tvkyf0wÅ&m;aqmif&Gufjcif;ukdtvkdtavsmuf[efYwm;jcif;ukdom ta&;,lEkdifaMumif; ckcHavQmufvJcJh&w,f/

Oya'aMumif;t&vnf; jynfolU0efxrf;ukd tJ'D jynfolU0efxrf;&JU tvkyf0wÅ&m;aqmif&GufaepOf pGyfpGJcH&olu tvkdtavsmuf[efYwm;rSom yk'fr 186 t& tusHK;0ifrSmyg/ tvkdtavsmuf [efYwm;jcif;eJYywfoufNyD; tNidrf;pm;w&m;½Hk;csKyfw&m;olBuD; OD;oufaz&JU jypfrIqkdif&mOya'\odaumif;p&mpmtkyfrSm tckvkd&Sif;vif;zGif hqkdxm;ygw,f/aumufEIwf zwfMum;yg&ap/

]]jynfolU0efxrf;tm; 0wÅ&m;aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKEkdifatmif xdxda&mufa&mufwm;qD;jcif;(okdYr[kwf) wpfenf;enf;jzifh aqmif&Gufjcif;ukdom [efYwm;onf[kqkd&rnf/ tMurf;zuf&efrvkdaomfvnf; jynfolU0efxrf;\aqmif&GufrIukd uefYuGufjcif;? apm'uwufjcif;onf þyk'frt& [efYwm;&mra&mufacs/ uefYuGufjcif;? apm'uwufjcif;jyK&müwm0efukd qufvufaqmif&Guf&mü tMurf;zufrnf[k Ncdrf;ajcmufrIygvQifrl þyk'frt& ta&;,lEkdifrnfjzpfonf/

Oya'u 'Dvkdqkdayr,fh wcsKdUwcsKdUa'orSm jynfolawGu ½dk;½dk;om;om;ar;jref;pHkprf;wm? rdrdwkdY&JUepfemcsufukd wifjyajymqkdwmawGukd jynfolU0efxrf;&Jutvkyf0wÅ&m;aqmif&Gufaeonfukd [efYwm;w,fvkdY t"dyÜg,faumuf,laeMuygw,f/ rjzpfoifhwJhudpöawGyg/

pD&ifxHk;rsm;uvnf; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;vrf;ñTefxm;ygw,f/ ]]&Jt&m&SdwpfOD;[m tdrfukd w&m;r0ifbJ&SmazGvQif ¤if;tm; [efYwm;jcif;onf jypfrIrusL;vGef}}ukd tufpfa*st,fvfbD-152 rSmqkdxm;ygw,f/ 'DvkdygyJ Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrjyKvkyfbJ teD;wGif&yfvsuf &J&SmazGa&;tzGJUtm; tay:xyfrwuf&ef EIwfjzifhuefYuGufolukd yk'fr 186t&tjypfray;Ekdifbl;/ jypfrIajrmuf&ef trSefwu,fckcHjcif; okdYr[kwfjynfolU0efxrf;oGm;vm&mvrf;wGif twm;tqD;wpfckckxm;&Sd&efvkdaMumif; ]]tacsmifu0ESifhtpkd;&}}twGJ (9)? &efukef (901)rSm axmufjy

jcif;udk zefwD;jcif;r&Sd}}vkdYvnf; t"dyÜg,fzGifhqkdMuygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdY&JU Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf; ]]temr&Sdaomvufjzifh tqdyfukdukdifwG,faomfvnf; tqdyfonf temr&Sdaomvufukd tqdyfroifhapbdouJhokdYtukokdvfapwemyJ vkyfaqmifcJh&jcif;jzpfvQif vkyfaqmifcsufaMumifhvkyfaqmifolütjypfr&SdaMumif;}}a[mMum;awmfrlcJhw,fvkdY (1981)ckESpfwuúokdvfOya'*sme,frSma&;om;xm;cJhaMumif; axmufjyyg&ap/

'DpD&ifcsufukdavhvmvQif wcsKdUaom &,utzGJU0ifrsm;[m vlwpfOD;ukdBudK;ESifhwkyfaESmifNyD; ½dkufESufppfaq;rIjyKwmukdyif wm0ef t&aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfw,fvkdY rSwf,l0HhonfhtqifhokdY a&mufaeygNyD/

&,utygt0if jynfolU0efxrf;qkdwm jynfolvlxk&JUtusKd;pD;yGm;ukd umuG,fzkdY? apmifha&SmufzkdYqkdwmu t"duwm0efyg/ rdrd&JUvkyfykdifcGifhtmPmukd rSefrSefuefueftoHk;cszkdY ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ jynfolvlxktusKd;ukd rxrf;aqmifEkdif&ifawmif jynfolvlxkukd qefYusifwJhtjyK

trlukd &yfwefYoifhygw,f/Oya't& tyfESif;xm;wJh tmPm^tvkyf0wÅ&m;qkdwm jynfolU

tusKd;twGuftoHk;jyK&rSmyg/ pGyfpGJcH&ol jynfolvlxku oabm½dk;jzifhrdrdwkdY&JUtusKd;twGuf ajymqkdjcif;? jyKvkyfjcif;ukd jypfrIrajrmufaMumif;vnf; oabmaygufzkdYvkdtyfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh rdrdoabmruswkdif;omrefjynfolvlxkukd jynfolU0efxrf;&JU jynfolUqkdif&mtvkyf0wÅ&m;aqmif&Gufonfukd [efYwm;w,fqkdNyD; yk'fr 186 ukd t&rf;uma&mtoHk;rjyKoifhygbl;/ ]]vlxkonf EkdifiHh0efxrf;jzpfonf}}[laom Oya'aqmifyk'ft& vlxk&JUaumif;pm;a&;? pdwfcsrf;oma&;[m jynfolU0efxrf;rsm;&JU ta&;yifjzpfaMumif; axmufjyyg&ap/

w&m;Oya'&JUtumtuG,fukd jrefrmEkdifiHom;tm;vHk; cHpm;EkdifMuw&m;Oya'&JUtumtuG,fukd jrefrmEkdifiHom;tm;vHk; cHpm;EkdifMuw&m;Oya'&JUtumtuG,fukd jrefrmEkdifiHom;tm;vHk; cHpm;EkdifMuw&m;Oya'&JUtumtuG,fukd jrefrmEkdifiHom;tm;vHk; cHpm;EkdifMuw&m;Oya'&JUtumtuG,fukd jrefrmEkdifiHom;tm;vHk; cHpm;EkdifMuygap/ygap/ygap/ygap/ygap/

armifodef;ñGef Y(aumhu&dwf)armifodef;ñGef Y(aumhu&dwf)armifodef;ñGef Y(aumhu&dwf)armifodef;ñGef Y(aumhu&dwf)armifodef;ñGef Y(aumhu&dwf)

Orange Supermarket qkdifopfukd omauwNrdKUe,frSmvnf;zGifhvSpfcJhNyD

&efukef ar (18)&efukef ar (18)&efukef ar (18)&efukef ar (18)&efukef ar (18)Orange Supermarket (omauw)qkdifopfukd (2014)ckESpf? ar

(18)&uf? eHeuf (9)em&DwGif &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;? omauwNrdKUe,f?(2)&yfuGuf? rif;eE´mvrf;? trSwf (1200bD)wGif jyKvkyfusif;ycJh&mCreation Myanmar Co.,Ltd rS MD a':jrifhjrifh0if;? omauwNrdKUe,f

NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; OD;pef;rif;ESifhpufrI0efBuD;Xme &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD; pufrIBuD;Muyfa&;ESifh ppfaq;a&;OD;pD;Xme wkdif;OD;pD;rSL; OD;ckdifxGef;wkdYu zJBudK;jzwfzGifhvSpfay;Muonf/

Orange Supermarket (omauw)qkdifopfzGifhvSpfjcif; txdrf;trSwftjzpf omauwNrdKUe,f (2)ajrmuf&yfuGuf? &yfuGufzGHUNzdK;a&;taxmuf tuljyKaumfrwD\ &efyHkaiGtwGuf aiGusyf (5)odef;tm;vnf;aumif; tvSLaiGrsm;ay;tyfcJ hygonf/ xkdqkdifopfzGif hyG Jtcrf;tem;tm; {nfhy&dowfrsm;pGmESifh pnfum;okdufNrdKufpGmzGifhvSpfcJhMuNyD; Orange Supermarket

\ Better Health, Better Taste, Better Life [laom aqmifyk'fESifhtnDvloHk;ukef? tvSukef? tdrfoHk;ypönf;rsm;ESifh pm;aomufzG,f&mrsKd;pHkwkdYukdwpfae&mwnf;ü pHkvifpGma&mif;csay;vsuf&SdaMumif; od&SdcJh&onf/

pkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkuf

yckuúLc½dkif? NrdKifNrdKUe,f? NrdKUe,ftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme½kH;cef;rwGif arv (12) &ufaeY aeYv,f (1)em&Dcsdefu pGrf;tif0efBuD;Xme?jrefrmha&eHESihf obm0"mwfaiGUvkyfief; ausmufcGufa&eHajrpcef; ajrae&m{&d,mtwGuf a'ocHawmifolrsm;tm; epfemaMu;ay;acsyGJtcrf;tem;usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdktcrf;tem;odkY wkdif;a'oBuD; vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;apm0if;? OD;wif&ef? NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;OD;&Jvif;atmif? ausmufcGufa&eHajrrS tif*sifeD,mcsKyf OD;ausmfaqGESihfwm0ef&Sdol (5)OD;? NrdKUe,fv,f,majrpDrHcefYcGJrIaumfrwD0ifrsm;? NrdKUe,fzGHUNzdK;a&; taxmuftuljyKaumfrwD0ifrsm;? awmifpkHaus;&Gmtkyfpkv,f,majrpDrHcefYcJGrItzGJUESihfawmifol (17)OD;? qifpdefaus;&Gmtkyfpkv,f,majrpDrHcefYcGJrItzGJUESihf awmifol (2)OD;wkdY wufa&mufcJhMuonf/tcrf;tem;wGif ausmufcGufa&eHajrpcef;{&d,mtwGuf tokH;jyKcJhonfh ajr{&d,mwGifyg0ifaom awmifolwpfOD;vQif (19)odef;EIef;jzifhpkaygif;aiGusyf (917.7)odef;tm; ausmufcGufa&eHajr? tif*sifeD,mcsKyf OD;ausmfaqGrSawmifol (19)OD;xH toD;oD;ay;acscJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/

Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)

NrdKifNrdKYe,fwGifjrefrmUa&eHESifUobm0"mwfaiGYvkyfief;?ausmufcGufa&eHajrpcef;{&d,mtwGuf

awmifolrsm;tm;epfemaMu;ay;acsyGJtcrf;tem;usif;y

xm;ygw,f/'DvkdygyJ tvkyf0wÅ&m;aqmif&Gufwm[m Oya'ESifhtnDjzpf&ygr,f/

'Dvkdr[kwfvQif [efYwm;oltay:wm0efr&Sdygbl;/ Oya'ESifhtnDr[kwfolrsm;tay:om wm0efusa&mufygw,f/ OD;oif*sDjrLyg (5)ESifh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf (1999)ckESpf jypfrIqkdif&mjyifqifrItrSwf-565(c)pD&ifcsufrSm tckvkdawGU&ygw,f/

(&,u)tzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfaom w&m;cHrsm;onf t&ufaomufpm;rl;,pfNyD; Oya'ESifhtnDr[kwfaom n(9)em&Dtcsdefü BudK;ESifhwkyfaESmif½dkufESufppfaq;rIrsm;jyKaeonfukd wm0ef,l[efYwm;&efvma&mufolOuú|tm; emusifatmif "m;ESifhxkd;cJhjcif;rSm jypfrIqkdif&mOya'yk'fr 332ukd usL;vGef&ma&mufonf/ w&m;cHwkd Y\jyKvkyfrIrSm wm0eft&aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf[k rnfokdYrQrqkdEkdif}}[k oHk;oyfjyxm;ygw,f/

bmyJjzpfjzpf EkdifiHom;wpfOD;&JU ajymqkdrI? aqmif&GufrIrsm;tay:jynfolU0efxrf;qkdolrsm;u ta&;,lw&m;pGJwJhtcgrSm pGyfpGJcH&olrsm;[m&mZ0wfruif;wJhpdwfxm;ygovm;/ 'gukdvnf; tuJjzwfzkdYvkdygw,f/jyKvkyfrIwpfck[m omreftm;jzifh &mZ0wfjypfrIra&mufygbl;/ jyKvkyfwJhol[m &mZ0wfruif;wJhpdwfESifhjyKvkyfrS jypfrIajrmufygw,f/ onfOya'jyóemukdvnf; tav;xm;ukd;um;xif&Sm;wJh EkdifiHwumOya'ynm&Sifrsm;uawmh ]]tjypf&SdwJh BuH&G,fcsufrygbJ jyKvkyfrIoufouf[mtjypfr&SdaMumif;}} ]]tjypf&SdwJhpdwfryg&SdbJ jyKvkyfrI&Sd½HkrQjzifh tjypf&Sd

Page 31: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

29

q&mokwpkd;(B.D.I.C) u atmifjrifrI\vQKdY0SuftrltusifUrsm; bmomjyefpmtkyfa&;om;xkwfa0 xef;udkif;a&eHarSmfwGifa&TESihftzdk;wefypönf;

wefzdk;(46)odef;ausmfcdk;rIjzpfyGm;

rauG;wkdif;a'oBuD; rif;vSNrdKUe,f xef;udkif;a&eHarSmfae rrdk;rdk;ckdifonf arv (9)&ufaeY eHeuf(3)em&Dcsdefu ¤if;\wHcg;r&SdwJwGiftdyfaysmfaepOf eHeuf (5)em&DcsdefcefY tdyf&mEkd;vmaomtcg ¤if;\vnfyif;wGif0wfqifxm;onfh ywåjrm;qGJoD;yg (2)usyfom;cefYa&TqGJ BudK;wpfukH;wefzkd; (43)odef;? acgif;&if;wGiftm;oGif;xm;onhfqif;u'f yg [ma0;teufa&mif[rf;quf (1)vkH; wefzdk; (1)odef;(7)aomif;cefY? qif;u'fyg[ma0; tjzLa&mif[rf;quf (1)vkH;wefzdk;(1)odef;ESpf aomif;? qif;u'fyg[ma0;teuf a&mif[ef;quf(1)vkH;wefzdk; (6)aomif;cefY pkaygif;wefzkd; (46)odef; (5)aomif;cefYaysmufqkH;oGm;ojzihf ckd;,lolw&m;cHtm; pkHprf;azmfxkwfta&;,lay;&ef wkdifwef;cJhojzihf rif;vSNrdKUe,f? NrdKUr&Jpcef;rS (y)68^2014yk'fr380jzifh trIzGihfxm;aMumif; od&onf/

Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)Or®mcif(rauG;)

&efukef ar (19)&efukef ar (19)&efukef ar (19)&efukef ar (19)&efukef ar (19)ukd,fwkdifomrn ta&mif;0efxrf;b0rSukrÜPD (2)ck\ ykdif&Sifjzpf

vmol q&mokwpk d; (B.D.I.C) bmomjyefqk da&;om;xm;onfhatmifjrifrI\ vQKdU0Sufcsuftrltusifhrsm; pmtkyfrdwfqufyGJukd ar

(19)&ufu &efukefNrdKU? pifx&,f[kdw,fwGifjyKvkyfcJhonf/q&mokwpkd; bmomjyefaompmtkyfrSm tar&duefEkdifiHemrnf

ausmfpma&;q&mBuD; Jack Canfield \ The 25 Principles Of Successpmtkyfjzpfonf/ Jack Canfield onf Chicken Soup for the SoulpmtkyfwGJrsm;ukd pma&;q&mBuD; Mark Victor Hansen ESifhvnf;wGJía&;om;cJhum ¤if;trnfjzifhacgif;pOfaygif; (200)ausmfa&;cJhNyD; pmtkyfa&aygif; (112)oef;ukd bmom&yfaygif; (40)jzifh jzefYcsdNyD;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/ vQKdU0Suftrltusifh[kqkdaomfvnf; trltusifh (25)csufpvHk;onf vufawGUvdkufemusifhoHk;&ef vG,fulygonf/ atmifjrifrIudktvkd&Sdolrsm; vufawGUvdkufemusifhoHk;zkdYom vkdygonf[k pma&;q&mausmfausmfvIdif(SMART)u trSmpmwGif a&;om;xm;onf/

]]uRefawmf Jack Canfield \ atmifjrifrI\ vQKdU0Suftrltusifh(25)ck pmtkyfukdzwf&onfhtcsdefü uRefawmfwkefvIyfcJhygonf/ uRefawmfhpmtkyfonf&otaejzifh ay;Ek difcsifrSay;Ek difygvdrf hrnf/ 'gayr,fhuRefawmfhuavmiftrnfokwpkd;qkdonfh trnfESifhtnD pmzwfoltwGuf okwESifhynmukd (100)&mckdifEIef;ay;xm;onfukd tmrcHygonf}}[k pma&;olu ¤if;\pmtkyftrSmpmwGif xnfhoGif;a&;om;xm;onf/

PK

&efukef rwf (23)&efukef rwf (23)&efukef rwf (23)&efukef rwf (23)&efukef rwf (23)wpfEd kifiHvHk; typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlpmcsKyfrlMurf;udk

vmrnfhZGefvtwGif;üusif;yrnfh wwd,tMudrfajrmuftpdk;&ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzGJYrsm; awGUqHknSdESdKif;yGJwGif tjyD;owfa&;qGJEdkifzG,f&SdaMumif; od&onf/

,if;typftcwf&yfpJa&;pmcsKyfwGif vuf&SdwdkufyGJrsm;jzpfaeonfhucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tzGJYtpnf; KIOut"du yg0ifvufrSwfa&;xdk;&efvdktyfaeaMumif; csif;trsdK;om;wyfOD; (CNF) ua'gufwmqvdkif;vsefrIef;qmacgifu ajymonf/

tm;vHk;uwpfzGJYcsif;taejzifh typftcwf&yfpJa&;oabmwlnDcsufpmcsKyfcsKyfqdkjyD;om; jzpfw,f/ KIO eJYyavmifuvGJvdk Yaygh/ KIO

upmcsKyfudkyPmrtm;jzifh vufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;r&Sdao;bl;/ NyD;awmhKIO a'orSmwdkufyGJawGu tjyif;txefjzpfaewkef; tJ'DwpfcsufaMumifhKIO yg0ifzdk Yt"duvdktyfw,f[k a'gufwmqvdkif;vsefrIef;qmacgifuajymonf/

tpdk;&bufu 0efMuD;OD;atmifrif;OD;aqmifonfh jidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifa&;tzGJ YESifh ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tzGJUwdk Yonf NyD;cJhonfh&ufoDwif;ywftwGif;u awGYqHkaqG;aEG;rIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhjyD;jzpfonf/

typftcwf&yfpJa&;pmcsKyfwGif wdkif;&if;om;rsm;\ qE´oabmxm;rsm;yg0ifNyD; wdkif;&if;om;rsm; b0tmrcHcsufay;Edkifonfh tcsufrsm;yg0if&efwdkif;&if; om;trsm;pkuvdkvm;MuaMumif; od&onf/ vuf&SdwGifjidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif zuf'&,fpum;vHk;toHk;tEIef;tm; tpdk;&

wpfEdkifiHvHk;typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlpmcsKyfrlMurf; vmrnfUZGefvwGif tNyD;owfEdkifzG,f&Sd typftcwf&yfpJa&;pmcsKyfwGifKIO t"duvufrSwfxdk;&efvdktyfae

ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzGJUtMum; t"dutjiif;yGm;zG,fjzpfaeonf/

wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzGJYtpnf;rsm;bufu AdkvfrI;MuD;cGefOuúmu ]]zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk&JUrlu 'Drdkua&pDta&;? trsdK;om;wef;wla&;? udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhtcGifhta&;? tJ'DoHk;ckomjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifhzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkvdkY roHk;csifbl;qdk&if 'Drdkua&pDa&; trsdK;om;wef;wla&;ESifh udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh&Sda&;wdkYudk aqG;aEG;&efoabmwlr,fqdk&ifzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkeJYwlw,f/ udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhqdkwJh tcGifhta&;uzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk&Jh tESpfom&jzpfw,f}} [kajymonf/

tpdk;&bufu 0efMuD;OD;atmifrif;OD;aqmifonfh jynfaxmifpkjidrf;csrf;a&;aumfrwDESifh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzGJYtpnf;rsm; \wpfEdkifiHvHk;typftcwf&yfpJa&;qdkif&m 'kwd,tMudrfaqG;aEG;yGJudk arv (21)&ufaeYrS arv (23)&ufaeYtxdusif;ycJhNyD; tpdk;&bufu wyfrawmfom;rsm;taejzifh aqG;aEG;rIrsm;,cifuxuf ydkrdkyGifhvif; vmaMumif;wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u rSwfcsufjyKonf/ wwd,tMudrfaqG;aEG;yGJudkvnf;ZGefvwGifxyfrHusif;yEdkif&ef wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifrsm;ESifhtpdk;&bufu oabmwlcJhMuonf/

wyfrawmftpdk;&bufrS 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfBuD;oufEdkif0if;u ]]rBudKufbl;qdk&ifawmh vHk;0acgif;cgwJhoabmrsdK;eJYr[kwfbl;/ wpfbufuteDa&mifwifjy&if t&ifu'D[mudk uRefawmfwdkYu vufrcHEdkifao;wJhtaetxm;rS&Sdayr,fh aemufwpfjcm;enf;vrf;eJYqdk&ifawmh vufcHrvm;qdkjyD;awmhrSMudKwifjyD; tpnf;ta0;awGrSm nd§ESdKif;,laqmifvmr,fqdk&ifydkjyD;awmhrS wpfjznf;jznf;eJYeD;pyfvmjyD; tm;vHk;eD;yg; oabmwlnDrI tjref&vmvdrfhr,fvdkY uRefawmfhtaeeJYarQmfvifhygw,f}} [kajymonf/

wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkiftzGJ Ytpnf;rsm; tm;vHk;yg0ifonfhwpfEdkifiHvHk;typftcwf&yfpJa&; pmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xdk;Edkifa&;twGufwdkif;&if;om;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;tm;vHk; xdyfoD;tpnf;ta0;udk ZGefvtapmydkif;wGif wmcsDvdwfjrdKhwGifusif;yEdkif&ef vsmxm;aMumif;od&onf/

apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;apmzd k;cGm;

World Economic Forum rS Capital Diamond Star Group Company tjzpftodtrSwfjyK2014 ckESpf arv 20 &uf/ &efukef? jrefrm/ - Capital Diamond Star Group ("CDSG") onf Global Growth Company tjzpf jrefrm EkdifiH\ yxrqkH;a&G;cs,fcH&aom ukrÜPDrsm;xJrS wpfcktjzpf World

Economic Forum rS a&G;cs,fcHjcif;cH&aMumif; 2014 ckESpf arv 20 &ufaeYwGif aMujimvkdufonf/World Economic Forum \ Global Growth Company tzGJUonf urÇmwpf0Srf;rS t&Sdeft[kefjzifh wkd;wufatmifjrifaeaom ukrÜPDrsm; yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;onfh tzGJUtpnf;jzpfygonf/ vuf&Sdtaejzifh Global

Growth Company tzGJUwGifEkdifiHaygif; 70 rStzGJU0if 360 ESifhyg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;jcif;jzpfNyD; ukrÜPDwkdif;onf ¤if;wkdY\vkyfief;pHEIef;rsm;? ¤if;wkdY0efaqmifrIay;aeaom aps;uGufrsm;wGif acgif;aqmifrIrsm;ESifhwkd;wufatmifjrifrIrSwfwrf;rsm;t& urÇmYpD;yGm;a&;e,fy,fwGif acgif;a aqmifjzpfvmEkdifonfh tvm;tvm&Sdonfh ukrÜPDrsm;jzpfMuonf/

"Global Growth Company tzGJUtpnf;okdY 0ifa&mufcGifh&&efyg0if ,SOfNydKifolrsm;ukd a&G;cs,f&mwGif ¤if;wkdY\ vkyfief;pHEIef;rsm;? ESpfpOf0ifaiG rsm;ESifh wkd;wufrIEIef;rsm;? pDrHcefYcGJrIpGrf;aqmif&nfESifh aps;uGufwGifa&muf&Sdaeaom taetxm;rsm;ukd Munfh½ItuJjzwfí a&G;cs,fjcif;jzpf aMumif;? Capital Diamond Star Group onf ¤if;\ oufqkdif&mvkyfief; u@rsm;wGif tem*wf&nfrSef;csufudk ykHazmfEkdifpGrf;&Sdaomtvm;tvm &Sdonfh ukrÜPDwpfckjzpfonfhtwGuf rdrdwkdY\ Global Growth Company tzGJUtpnf;wGif yg0ifEkdif&ef oifhavsmfudkufnDrI tjynfht0&Sdyg aMumif; ''World Economic Forum \ tzGJU0ifopfrsm;a&G;cs,frIqkdif&m OD;aqmifñTefMum;a&;rSL; Mr.David Aikman rS ajymMum;ygonf/

''CDSG taejzifh þokdY xif&Sm;aom Global Growth Company tzGJUtpnf;\ tzGJU0iftjzpf a&G;cs,fcH&jcif;twGuf ESpfaxmif; tm;&jzpfrdygaMumif;? txl;ojzifh World Economic Forum rS todtrSwfjyKjcif;cH&onfh yxrOD;qkH;aom jrefrmukrÜPDtenf;pkwGif yg0ifcGifh&aom aMumifh tvGef*kPf,l0rf;ajrmufygaMumif;? a&&SnfwnfwHhNyD; pdwfcs,kH Munf&aom pD;yGm;a&;pHEIef;wpfckjzifh cdkifrmaom jynfwGif;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfckukd wnfaqmufum rdrdwdkYESifh qufoG,faqmif&Gufcsuf&Sdaom Stake holders tm;vkH;twGuf trSefuefqkH; aqmif&Gufvkyfukdifay;jcif; tm;jzifh jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;xHokdY pD;yGm;a&;qkdif&m csrf;om<u,f0jcif;rsm;ukd aqmifusOf;ay;&mwGif tcef;u@wpf&yftaejzifh yg0ifcGifh&Ekdif&ef arQmfvifhygaMumif;" CDSG \ Group Managing Director jzpfol Dr.Ko Ko Gyi rSajymMum;onf/

"CDSG onf World Economic Forum \ Glabal Growth Company tjzpf todtrSwfjyKcH&jcif;onf jynfwGif;jynfywGif CDSG ukrÜPD\ orkdif;rSwfwrf;ukd jr§ifhwifay;Ekdifonfh taumif;qkH;aomrSwfwdkifwpfckjzpfaprnf[k arQmfvifhygaMumif;? ,ckuJhokdY tzGJU0ifjzpfjcif;jzifh jrefrmEkdifiHwGif vma&muf&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHaom EkdifiHjcm;ukrÜPDrsm;tMum;wGif vkyfief;yl;wGJaqmif&Guf&ef oifhavsmfaomvkyfief;rdwfzuftjzpfa&G;cs,fcH&&ef taxmuftyHhjzpfaprnfjzpfygaMumif;? jrefrmjynf\ t"duta&;ygaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;pkwpfckjzpfap&ef &nfrSef;csufukd taxmuftuljzpfapEkdifrnf[kvnf; ,kHMunfygaMumif; "CDSG \Group Chief Financial Officer jzpfol Mr.Lim Chong Chong rS ajymMum;onf/

Gi

Page 32: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

30

,ci

ftyw

frStquf

,ci

ftyw

frStquf

,ci

ftyw

frStquf

,ci

ftyw

frStquf

,ci

ftyw

frStquf

vGefcJhwJh (1980)ausmfrSm udkazodef;tdrfrSmvkyfwJh umwGef;q&mawG&JUaqG;aEG;yGJrSm uRefawmfhudkac:NyD; olwdkYuefawmhyGJrSm rdefYcGef;pum;av;ajymygqdkawmh uRefawmfhudk ]q&mtajctaeawmh awmfawmfwufw,faemf}qdkawmh uRefawmfu ]cifAsm;wdkYumwGef;a&;wm aumif;w,fAsm/ [movnf;aumif;w,f/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfxifw,f enf;enf;struggle vkyfzdkYvdkr,f/ bmvdkYyGJrSm yGJoGm;Munfhw,f/ vlav;a,mufoGm;xdkifw,f/ yGJay;wJh zsmqdkwmcif;w,f/ odkYaomf tJ'DtcgrsKd;rSm udk,fuoufawmihfoufom yGJudkqufMunfhEkdifatmif aygifav;jzpfjzpf um;xkdif&w,f/ wHawmifav;jzpfjzpfxGuf&w,f/ 'grScsJUEdkifrSxkdifEkdifrSmaygh/ usyfwnf;rIqdkwm&Sdwmcsnf;yJ/ tJ'Dusyfwnf;rIudk struggle ½kef;uefrItaeeJYuawmh tm;xkwfrI&SdzdkYvdkw,f/ tJ'gav; cifAsm;wdkYenf;enf;av;enf;aew,fxifw,fAsm} vdkY uRefawmf'DwpfckyJajymcJhw,f/

uRefawmf foreign u 0w¬KawGvnf; &Sdw,fAs/ b,frSmvJawmhuRefawmfrrSwfrdawmhbl;/ foreign uvmwJh pme,fZif;eJYywfoufvdkYESpfydkif;yJ/ ½kyf0w¬Kydkif;t&(odkYr[kwf) vkyfief;ydkif;t&awmh uRefawmfwdkYwpfawGvnf; vdkufvdkYrrDawmhbl;/ uRefawmfwdkYwpfawG rodwmawGvnf;ygw,f/ acwfudkvdkufvdkYrrDwm/ uGefysLwmeJYywfoufvdkY em;rvnfwmponfjzifhayghAsm/ wuúEdkavmf*sDodyfwdk;aewmudk;/ owif;awGu jrefqefaew,f/ vli,fawGomvkyfEkdifw,f/ vlBuD;awGrvkyfEkdifawmhbl;/ 'gayr,fh struggle av;wpfcku cifAsm;wdkYvkyfay;yg/ uRefawmfMo0g'taeeJYajymwmr[kwfbl;/ awmif;qdkcsuftaeeJYajymwm/ cifAsm;wdkYawGuawmif;qdkNyD;wdk;csJUa&;rSom uRefawmfwdkYowif;awGygEkdifr,f/ cifAsm;wdkYbufu csJUEkdifzdkYvdkw,f/ trSefuoabmuawmh tJ'gBuD;ajymvdkuf&ifvrf;ydkydwfrSmpdk;vdkYom/

uRefawmfwdk Yu &oavmufvkyf Munfhwmayghq&m&,f/uRefawmfwdk Yu &oavmufvkyf Munfhwmayghq&m&,f/uRefawmfwdk Yu &oavmufvkyf Munfhwmayghq&m&,f/uRefawmfwdk Yu &oavmufvkyf Munfhwmayghq&m&,f/uRefawmfwdk Yu &oavmufvkyf Munfhwmayghq&m&,f/awGUw,f/ cifAsm;wdkYtenf;qHk;ayghAsm/ cifAsm;wdkY AdkvfatmifBuD;vdk

[mrsKd; qGJxkwfNyD;wifwmwdkYu 'gwdk;csJUEkdifatmifBudK;pm;wmaygh/'DrSmqdk uRefawmf ocifwifjreJY udkudkarmifBuD;wdkYoGm;vkyfvmw,f/'DrSmqdk uRefawmf ocifwifjreJY udkudkarmifBuD;wdkYoGm;vkyfvmw,f/'DrSmqdk uRefawmf ocifwifjreJY udkudkarmifBuD;wdkYoGm;vkyfvmw,f/'DrSmqdk uRefawmf ocifwifjreJY udkudkarmifBuD;wdkYoGm;vkyfvmw,f/'DrSmqdk uRefawmf ocifwifjreJY udkudkarmifBuD;wdkYoGm;vkyfvmw,f/

ol wdkYvnf; 'D[mudkyJajymw,f/ armifpl; prf;eJYywfoufNyD;awmhvnf;ol wdkYvnf; 'D[mudkyJajymw,f/ armifpl; prf;eJYywfoufNyD;awmhvnf;ol wdkYvnf; 'D[mudkyJajymw,f/ armifpl; prf;eJYywfoufNyD;awmhvnf;ol wdkYvnf; 'D[mudkyJajymw,f/ armifpl; prf;eJYywfoufNyD;awmhvnf;ol wdkYvnf; 'D[mudkyJajymw,f/ armifpl; prf;eJYywfoufNyD;awmhvnf;'DrSmay;a&;wmawGygw,f/ armifpl;prf;eJ Y 'DrSmay;a&;wmawGygw,f/ armifpl;prf;eJ Y 'DrSmay;a&;wmawGygw,f/ armifpl;prf;eJ Y 'DrSmay;a&;wmawGygw,f/ armifpl;prf;eJ Y 'DrSmay;a&;wmawGygw,f/ armifpl;prf;eJ Y NLD tpub,fvdkvkyfcJ htpub,fvdkvkyfcJ htpub,fvdkvkyfcJ htpub,fvdkvkyfcJ htpub,fvdkvkyfcJ hw,fqdkwmajymvdk Y&w,f/w,fqdkwmajymvdk Y&w,f/w,fqdkwmajymvdk Y&w,f/w,fqdkwmajymvdk Y&w,f/w,fqdkwmajymvdk Y&w,f/

tif;ayghav/ tJ'grsKd;awG uRefawmfajymwmu ajymvdkYr&bl;qdkNyD;awmh 'DbufyJvkyfNyD;awmh owif;awG? jzpf&yfawGcsnf; yJvkyfaer,fhtpm; opinion av;udk enf; enf;qGJxkwfNyD; Oyrm - cifAsm;vkyfwJhtwGuf ocifatmifBuD;vdk[mrsKd; wufvmw,f/ &Sif;&Sif;ajym&ifudkwifjrwufvmEkdifwmu 'DupwufvmEkdifwm/ cifAsm;qDu[muydkNyD; awmh opinion EkdifiHa&;EG,fwJh[mu ydkNyD;rsm;w,f/ tJ'DawmhuRefawmf trSeftwdkif;ajym&&if Mo0g'wdkY? bmwdkYawmifr[kwfbl;/uRefawmfwdkYu &Sif;&Sif;ajym&&if cifAsm;wdkYwdk;csJUrS uRefawmfwdkY[mawGazmfvdkY&rSmaygh/ enf;enf;av;tenf;av;/ tck cifAsm;wdkYajymwJh[mrsKd;aygh/ 'grSerlemayghAsm/ Oyrm-uRefawmfh'Demrnfygaygh/

'g½kef;uefrIayghAsm/ uRefawmfvnf; tpdk;&owif;pmvkyfzl;wmyJAsm/[Hom0wDvkyfw,f/ Oyrm-erlemwpfckcsDvdkufOD;r,f/ vG,fvG,fajymr,fAsm/ w&m;yGJawGxnfh&r,f/ b,fbkef;BuD;w&m;a[mr,f/ uRefawmfurxnfhbl;/ uRefawmfujyefjyif w,f/ 'g 0efBuD;qDwufvmwm/ 0efBuD;uOD;jrarmif? oluw&m;yGJxnfh&r,f/ uRefawmfurxnfhEdkifbl;/ rxnfhEkdifbl;qdkwJhtaMumif;u bmvJqdk&if w&m;yGJawGbmawG odcsifrSefw,f/'gayr,fh rEÅav;qdkwm bkef;BuD;NrdKU? owif;pmwpfapmifvHk; jynfhoGm;Ekdifw,f/ bkef;BuD;awGu awmif;awmhr,f/ tJ'gqdk cifAsm;bkef;BuD;awGygcGJovdkjzpfawmhr,f/ bmvdkYvJqdk&if uRefawmfwdkYvdkvm;wJh bkef;BuD;?rsufESmomay;wJhbkef;BuD;u wpfydkif;/ uRefawmfwdkYudkab; tomz,fvdkufNyD; uRefawmfwdkYudkuefvmwJh bkef;BuD;awGuwpfydkif;jzpfoGm;&if b,fh

ES,fhvkyfrvJ/ 'guwpfck/ aemufwpfcg bkef;BuD;awGtrsm;BuD;vmw,f/rsufESmay;wJhbkef;BuD;udk t&m&Sdu ]axmufcHygw,fAsm? a&;ygOD;}vdkYqdk&ifuRefawmfhowif;pmu xkwfEkdifrS (16)rsufESmxkwfEkdifwm/ (8)rsufESmavmuf bkef;BuD;ae&may;&rvm;/ uRefawmfurxnfheJY/ ]cifAsm;jyef&if}0efBuD;udk/ aemufqHk;usawmh uRefawmfajymwJh argument udkodNyD; ][m[kwfygvm;}/ 'grsKd;ayghAsm/

rEÅav;rSmvnf; 'D[mra&;bl;/ t,f'DwmcsKyf oluqHk;jzwfwm/(1) cifAsm;wdkY t,f'DwmcsKyftpnf;ta0;xJ uRefawmfhudkrxnfh&bl;/uRefawmfrwufEkdifbl;/ uRefawmfrtm;bl;/ uRefawmfyg0ifqHk;jzwfcsufr&SdbJeJY uRefawmf argue rvkyfEkdifbJeJY uRefawmfjiif;qdkEkdifjcif;r&SdcifrSmcifAsm;wdkY qHk;jzwfcsufudk uRefawmft&rf;vufrcHEkdifbl;/ tJ'Dawmhjyefwifay;yg/ rEÅav;udkvmwm/ ]w,f ...w,f? rw,fw,f}eJY&efjzpfzdkYvmwmvm;/ vlxkOD;vS+a':trmwkdY ]w,f} eJY a&;w,f/ olwkdYudkrxnfhygeJYajymw,f/ uRefawmfu vlxkOD;vS? a':trmeJY &efjzpfzdkYvmwmvm;/ rEÅav;udkvmwm tpdk;&owif;pmxnfhzdkYvmwmvm;/ ]w,f}eJYtrsm;BuD;pmtkyfa&;xm;wm cifAsm;wdkYodvm;/ vGefcJhwJhESpfaygif;wpf&mavmuf xGufwJhpmtkyfawGrSm ]w,f}awGtrsm;BuD;/ tJ'Dawmh uRefawmfwdk Y&efjzpfrSmvm;? cifAsm;wdk Yb,favmufusOf;oGm;rvJ/ vlxkOD;vS?a':trmwdkYqdk&if *dkPf;awGygzGJUNyD; [Hom0wDvm&efyGJjzpfaew,f/ cifAsm;wdkY tpdk;&vdkvm;wJh[mu ]onf}eJYa&;wm/ [dkbufrSmu vlxka':trmwdkYvkyfaew,f/ uRefawmfwdkY'DvlawGtukefvHk;udk n§dEdIif;zdkYvkyfzdkY/ olwdkY[molwdkY tpdk;&qefYusifwm r[kwf&ifxnfhvdkY&&ifa&;ygap/ a&;&ifuRefawmfwdkY'DvleJY n§dzdkYvrf;ray:vmbl;vm;/ 'gNyD;oGm;NyD/ 'Dvdk[mrsKd;ayghAsm/

aemufqHk;ydwftjrifhqHk;ajym&&if OD;ae0if;u aqmif;yg;a&;w,f?Mum;zl;vm;/ csLtifvdkif;aowJhtcgusawmha&;wm/ tJ'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkYbmvkyfvJqdkawmh wpfcgwnf;xGufcsvmw,f/ OD;ae0if;u a&m*g&Sdw,f/ olU[mu acgif;BuD;eJYwef;wlvdkjzpfcsifw,f/ acgif;BuD;u ta&;BuD;w,fvdkY owfrSwfwJhvlpm;rsKd;qdkygawmhAsm/ acgif;BuD;[mtzdk;wefw,f/ wdkif;jynfaumif;&mtmabmfyJ/ acgif;BuD;xnfhwm[m owif;pmrSmta&;BuD;qHk;ae&mvdkY a&S;t,ltqaygh/ olUaqmif;yg;udkvnf;acgif;BuD;rSmxnfh/ uRefawmfuacgif;BuD;em;rSm rxnfhcsifbl;/ rxnfhcsifwmu olU[mudkqefYusifwJh oabmwifrubl;/ OD;ae0if;aqmif;yg;a&;w,fqdkwmu &Sif;&Sif;ajym&if b,favmufaumif;vJAsm/ bmyJajymajym aqmif;yg;aumif;wm? raumif;wmajymwmr[kwfbl;/ EkdifiHtBuD;tuJwpfa,mufvHk; owif;pmxJygw,fqdkwmu vlawGubmyJajymajymzwfMunfhr,f/ NyD;awmhrS qJwmuqJwm wpfydkif;aygh/

tJ'Dtcsdeftcg uRefawmfwdkYowif;pmrSm ta&;BuD;qHk;xm;wJhae&mjzpfw,f/ pmrsufESm (3)wdkY? pmrsufESm (5)wdkY? pmrsufESm (2)wdkYkuacgif;BuD;qdkwm aeYazmifBuD;As/ tJ'Dawmh uRefawmfhrxnfhbl;/ 'gayr,fhrxnfhbl;vdkYajymvdkYr&bl;/ uRefawmfodw,f/ tJ'Dtcg uRefawmfvSrf;NyD;ajymw,f/ ]rvkyfeJY/ uRefawmfwdkYqD 'gxnfh&ifuRefawmfwdkY OD;ae0if;aqmif;yg;xnfhzdkY tcsdefrrDawmhbl;/ cifAsm;wdkYa&mufvmwm aeYazmifBuD;}/ uRefawmfodw,f/ uRefawmfhudk w,fvDzkef;uae ]OD;ae0if;pmygw,f? OD;ae0if;pmygw,f? 'gudk'Dvdkxnfh&r,f}qdkNyD; ñTefMum;csufygw,f/ uRefawmfu ][kwfNyD? tJ'DvdkqdkNyD;a&m}/ pmazmufzdkY refae*smtzGJUudk wm0efay;vdkufw,f/ ]tckrazmufeJY xm;vdkufOD;? q,fhwpfem&DavmufrSazmuf}/ q,fhwpfem&DavmufazmufNyD;awmh uRefawmf

wdkY tukefvkyfudkifNyD;a&m ESpfem&DavmufrS &efukefwdkufcGJu udkodef;wefqDw,fvDzkef;eJY ]jyefar;vdkufOD;? uRefawmfwdkYrrDawmhbl;? rxnfhEdkifbl;}/ olUusawmh wdkuf½dkufqdk&if pum;rsm;r,fav/ &efjzpf&r,f/'gayr,fh uRefawmfrxnfhawmhbl;/ uRefawmfxnfh&ifrDwmaygh/ uRefawmf message u&NyD;om;yJ/ ]OD;ae0if;aqmif;yg;ygw,f}vdkY/ pum;rrsm;csif&if tv,fazmifrSmxnfhvdkY&wmyJ/ rxnfhbl;/ ]wrifcsufcsif;rzGifheJY xm;OD;}em&Dqdkif;xm;/ q,fhwpfem&DavmufrSzGifh/ uRefawmfhqDwpfcsuf? ESpfcsuf(wpfem&D? ESpfem&D)usrSwif/ wpfcsuf? ESpfcsufusawmhazmifuydwfaeNyD/ oHk;em&D avmuf csufcsif;a&mufa&mufcsif;rjyeJY/av;em&DavmufrS OD;aqmifñTefMum;a&;rSL;qDoGm;jyvdkuf/ oluq&mwufwdk;vm;? bm vm;rodawmhbl;/

q&mwufwdk;jzpfr,f/q&mwufwdk;jzpfr,f/q&mwufwdk;jzpfr,f/q&mwufwdk;jzpfr,f/q&mwufwdk;jzpfr,f/[kwfw,f/ tJ'Dacwfu q&mwufwdk;? oGm;jyvdkuf/ q&mrodbl;/

][ rrDvdkYvnf; r&bl;/ xnfh&r,fajymaew,f}/ ][kwfNyD? wifvdkuf}/ig;em&D? ajcmufem&Davmuf a&mufvmNyD/ ][m rjzpfbl;/ cifAsm;rrDvnf;xnfh}qdk&if uRefawmfu pmazmifzsufypfvdkuf&r,f/ ½dkufNyD;NyD/pmazmifawGudk ]OD;ae0if;udk 'DrSmrxnfhbl;}qdkwJh[mudk ajymaewJhtcsdefrSm pmawGudkr½dkufbJ qdkif;xm;&if aemufaeYowif;pmrxGufbl;/

b,folwm0ef,lrvJ/ odkYr[kwf&if tck&SdaewJhazmifawGudkzsuf/ zsufypf&if puúLtvGwf? puúLtvGwfu &Sm;aewJhtcsdef/ b,folwm0ef,lrvJ/OD;aqmifñTefMum;a&;rSL;wm 0ef,lrvm;/ owif;pmaemufwpfaeYrxGufbl;/ ]uRefawmfwm0efrcHbl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdk&if uRefawmfu tJ'DawmhrSpmjyefpD&r,f? azmifawGbmawGusyfaeNyD/ wpfpufNyD;rS wpfpuf jyef½dkuf&rsm/ tJ'Dvdkqdk pufawGtukefaemufusNyD; aemufwpfaeYqdk&if naeawmif owif;pmrxGufEkdifbl;/ cifAsm;wdkYwm0ef,lrvm;}/ [dku vufajr§mufoGm;w,f/ ]rxnfhygeJYawmhAsm}wJh/ uRefawmfh owif;pmwpfapmifyJ/ tm;vHk;uacgif;BuD;eJY xyfxnfhvdkufw,f/ uRefawmf owif;pmyJoD;jcm;usefw,f/

'gubmvJqdkawmh struggle vkyf&wJh[maygh/ 'DvdkyJ tmPmjycsifwJhaumifawG&Sdw,f/ 'gay:vpDrubl;/ ay:vpDt& zdpD;wmawGvnf;&Sdw,f/ ay:vpDn§pfxm;wmawGU&Sdw,f/ odkYr[kwfwcsKdUusawmh MoZmtmPmjycsifw,f/ ]igcdkif;&if&w,f} qdkwmrsKd;/ vufrcHbl;/ 'gawGudkenf;enf; 'Dvdk[mawmhvkyf&r,f/

uRefawmfu 'D[mrSm (2)ydkif;ajymw,f/ rD'D,morm;awGwifrubl;/tjyifu EdkifiHjcm;rD'D,mawGrSmvnf; ajymwm&Sdw,f/ 'Dacwfu rD'D,meJYywfoufvdkY ESpfydkif;yJ? wpfydkif;u vli,fawGvkyfrSjzpfr,f? jrefatmifvkyf&r,f/ acwfawGuvnf; ajymif;aew,f/ owif;awGuvnf;jrefaew,f/ tJ'DtcgrsKd;rSm tcsdefjynfhvkyfEkdifwJh[m/ jrefjrefvkyfEdkifwJh[m/jrefjrefqufoG,fEkdifwJh[mvkyfzdkYjzpfw,f/ 'g½kyfydkif;qdkif&m/ pdwf"mwfydkif;qdkif&meJ Yajymr,fqdk&if ae&mwdkif;rSm uRefawmfwdk Y jrefrmjynfwifr[kwfbl;/ EdkifiHjcm;rSmvnf; establishment csKdU,Gif;csufxm;wJholawG&Sdw,f/ olU*dkPf;BuD;eJYol/ q&mBuD;rsm;a&;wJh[m/ tJ'Dawmh topfwdkif;uodyfrwdk;Ekdifbl;/ tJ'Dawmh tifwmeufqdkwmay:vmwJhtcg [dkvlawGudkenf;enf;wGef;&w,f/ qufoG,f&w,f/ struggle qdkwm&Sd&w,f/uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm struggle vdkygw,fAsm/ cifAsm;wdkY struggle udkydkNyD;awmhvkyfyg/ 'gyJ/ uRefawmfajymwm/ udkrsKd;jrifhNidrf;vm;rodbl;/ uRefawmfajymw,f/

'gvkyfjcif;tm;jzifh trSeftwdkif;ajym&&if 'g request yJ/ cifAsm;wdkYwGef;yg? csJUyg? csJUjcif;tm;jzifh uRefawmfwdkY&JU [dk'if;awGvnf;ay:vmr,f/tenf;qHk; cifAsm;csJUNyD;jyefwifjyawmh 'Dvdkvkyfygqdkawmh/

vkyfyg/ uRefawmfwdkufwGef;wJhoabmudku 'gyJ/ enf;enf;av;awmhcsJUatmif? csJUatmifvkyfvm&if wpfckvHk;awmh udk,fBudKufwm bmvkyfvdkY&rvJ/ EdkifiHa&;tajctae bmnm/ 'gMunfhaerSmyJ/ 'Dacwfwifr[kwf/b,facwfjzpfjzpf&SdrSmyJ/ enf;enf;av;awmh csJUoGm;zdkY/ uRefawmfajymcsifwm'gyJ/

tck[mu 'Dvdkyg/ uRefawmfwdkYu olwdkY 'DvdkvkyfwJhae&mrSmuRefawmfwdkYuvnf; cPcP [dk'if;jzpfwmaygh/ trsm;tm;jzifh uRefawmfu qkwfudkifr&SdbJeJY uRefawmfrvIyf&Sm;bl;/ ajymp&mwpfckckr&SdbJeJY[dk'if;rvkyfbl;/ ajymp&m&SdNyDqdk 'gudktaoudkifNyD; [dk'if;jyKw,f/ OyrmaxmifxJrSmxGufcgeD; uRefawmfajymw,f/ uRefawmf tJ'Dvdkrvkyfcsifbl;/uRefawmf argue vkyfEdkifwJh[mrsKd;udkifrdrS uRefawmftJ'gudk qkwfudkifxm;NyD;rSvkyfw,f/ cifAsm;udk uRefawmfoabmaygufatmif wcsKdUoabmxm;awGajymr,f/ tckjzpfaewmajymr,f/ 'D tactics u &Sif;&Sif;av;/ trSeftwdkif;ajym&if uRefawmfEdkifiHa&;orm;r[kwfbl;/ owif;pmq&mu EkdifiHa&;odw,fqdkwm EkdifiHa&;orm;odwmeJY rwlbl;/ 'g &Sif;aewmyJ/ owif;pmorm; ydkodw,fwdkY/ ydkem;vnfw,fwdkYqdkwm/ 'g

Page 33: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

31

awGuwjcm;? 'guoufoufyg? 'gwjcm; logic/ 'guwjcm; argumentII owif;pmq&m[m EkdifiHa&;udkjrifw,f/ EkdifiHa&;udkodw,f/ EkdifiHa&;udkMum;w,f/ 'gyJ/ EkdifiHa&;udkem;vnfw,f/ tJ'Dtxdjr§ifhoGm;vdkY&w,f/'gayr,fh EkdifiHa&;orm;b0vdk olUrSmcHpm;csufr&Sdbl;/ 'gu EkdifiHa&;orm;taetxm;/ uRefawmfu&Sif;&Sif;yJ/ uRefawmfEkdifiHa&;vkyfzl;wm udk;vavmufvkyfzl;wm/ axmifxJrSm (19)ESpfMumaewm/ tJ'Dawmh tajccHtm;jzifh owif;pmq&mvdkom cHpm;wwfw,f/ EkdifiHa&;vdk odyfcHpm;wwfwmr[kwfbl;/ tJ'Dawmh &Sif;&Sif;yJ/ EkdifiHa&;eJYywfoufvdkY uRefawmfodyfem;rvnfbl;/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfem;vnfwm bmvJqdk&if tusOf;om;b0udk uRefawmfem;vnfw,f/ uRefawmfaevmcJhwm/ (19)ESpfavmufaevmcJhwm/ tusOf;orm;awmifolrsm;vdk (1)ESpf? (2)ESpf? (3)ESpf? (4)ESpf?(5)ESpfeJY aysmfaysmfyg;yg;xGufvmwmr[kwfbl;/ uRefawmfhrSm 'ku©? oku©awGeJY/ uRefawmfppfacG;txd uRefawmfa&mufwm/ 'Dtouft&G,feJY/uRefawmfhtouft&G,fa&mufwm tawmf&Sm;yg;vdrfhr,f/ ausmif;om;awGeJY a&mufvmwJhtcgrSm tcka&mufw,f/ axmifawGxyfusw,f/aemufqHk;e,fawG? &JbufawGrSmwpf&uf0ifvdkuf? wpf&ufxGufoGm;vdkuf? aemufwpf&ufjyef0ifvmvdkuf/ txJrSmxnfhxm;wmudk;/

tukefvHk;qdkwJhtcgusawmh uRefawmf tusOf;om;b0em;vnfw,f/ tJ'DawmhbmvkyfvJ/ uRefawmfuajymw,f/ uRefawmftck aZmif;ay;NyD;ajymaewJh[mu uRefawmfb,favmufxdajymrdvdkY ajymrd rSef;uRefawmfrodbl;/ em;axmifzdkYtcsdefudkr&bl;/ 'Du{nfhonfuvm/ w,fvDzkef;uvm/ [dkrSmuRefawmfhtaMumif;ygovdkvdk Mum;wmyJ&S dw,f/uRefawmftjynfhtpHkudk em;raxmif&bl;/ bmvdkY em;axmifcsifvJqdkawmhpum;ab,favmufrsm;ovJ/ 'Dpum;[mxyfaeovm;/ yxr pum;ajymwmeJY aemufpum;ajymwmacsmfaeovm;qdkwm uRefawmfenf;enf;odcsifw,f/ 'gayr,fhESpf&ufavmuf tckxdudkrtm;ao;bl; jzpfaew,f/ EkdifiHjcm;owif;uvmwmeJY/ [dkuvmwmeJY/ ar;wmeJY/ w,fvDzkef;awG0ifwmeJY/ xm;awmh/ uRefawmfodwmu tckjzpfaewJhtydkif;u EkdifiHa&;tusOf;orm;rsm;udpö/ awGUqHkaqG;aEG;a&;udpö? 'Dtydkif;avmuftxduRefawmfajymr,fqdkajymEkdifw,f/

bmjzpfvdk YvJqdkawmh uRefawmfudk,fwdkif tusOf;axmifxJaevmwm/ a':pkudk,fwdkif tusOf;cHaeao;wm/ tJ'Dtcgu uRefawmfaZmif;ay;NyD; ajymaewJhtaMumif;u bmvJqdk&if EkdifiHa&;tusOf;orm;awGudkawmif;qdkyg/ EkdifiHa&;orm;awGuvnf; enf;enf;awmh½kef;uefyg/uefYuGufyg/ protest vkyfyg/ Mum;jzwfajymvdkufOD;r,f/ Oyrm a':pkuaeNyD;awmh *rfbm&DwdkYudpöeJYywfoufNyD; awGUzdkYjiif;w,f/ tJ'D[meJYywfoufNyD; b,fvdkoabmxm;ygovJar;w,f/ uRefawmfajymr,f?&Sif;&Sif;av;yJ/ a':pkbmvkdYuefYuGufovJqdkwm taMumif;jycsufu NLDbufu taMumif;jycsuf&Sdw,f/ tpdk;&bufu taMumif;jycsuf&Sdw,f/tjyifu taMumif;jycsuf&Sdw,f/ 'DtcsuftvufawGay:rSm wnfNyD;awmh rSefovm;? rSm;ovm; uRefawmfrajymEkdifbl;/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfha0zefcsufay;csifwJhtcsufu bmvJqdkawmh protest yJ/ 'ga':pkuuefYuGufrIwpfckyJ/ tJ'DuefYuGufwmudk uRefawmfBudKufw,f/ uefYuGufwJhtajccHu b,fvdktajccHvnf; uRefawmfrodbl;/ rSm;ovm;? rSefovm;? pHkorm;? rpHkovm;rodbl;/ uefYuGufwmBudKufw,f/ ruefYuGufw,fqdk&if ppftpdk;&wdkYxHk;pHu b,fawmhrS*½krpdkufbl;/ uefYuGufwmeJYwpfNydKifeufwnf; 'Drdkua&pDeJYoabm/ t&m&Sdvnf;'Dtwdkif;yJ/ ruefYuGufbJNidrfcHae&if oluaeuefYuGuf&if rsufpdjymoGm;NyD/ xm;ygawmh/

uRefawmfem;vnfwmu bmvJqdkawmh tusOf;om;udpö/ uRefawmfem;vnfw,f/ uRefawmfudk,fwdkifcH&w,f/ uRefawmfMum;zl;wmawGtrsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ odwmtrsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ b,folb,folawG b,faxmifrSm&Sdw,f/ bm&Sdw,f? nm&Sdw,f? owif;Mum;wm/

'DvlawG vGwfa&;ab;uvnf; ajymMuyg/ olwdkYudk,fwdkifvnf;uefYuGufMuyg/ ab;uvnf;0dkif;0ef;Muyg/ tckEkdifiHa&; tusOf;om;awGvTwfw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY emrnfawGygvmwJhtcgusawmh uRefawmfwdkY emrnftoHk;csNyD; vlBuD;bmnmqdkwJhtaeeJY xnfhwmudk;As/ vTwfwmrS EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;b,favmuf&SdvJ/

q,fa,mufawmifrjynfhbl;/q,fa,mufawmifrjynfhbl;/q,fa,mufawmifrjynfhbl;/q,fa,mufawmifrjynfhbl;/q,fa,mufawmifrjynfhbl;/av;ig;a,mufyJqdkwJhtcgusawmh/ 'gawmifrS uRefawmfjyif;jyif;

xefxefajymwJhtcgusawmh enf;enf;pdwf0ifpm;vmw,f/ rvkyf&if'gaysmufoGm;rSm/

[kwfw,f/[kwfw,f/[kwfw,f/[kwfw,f/[kwfw,f/wu,fomqdk&if uRefawmfu ]rjzpfygbl;Asm}? ]tif;Asm}? reufjzef

cg OykofapmifhvdkufygOD;Asm}/ [dkuw,fvDzkef;vm 'Duw,fvDzkef;vmrajzbl;ajymvdkuf&if {nfhonfvmtawGUrcHbl;ajymvdkuf&if uRefawmfhowif;b,fESpf&ufcHrvJAsm/ uRefawmfbmajymrvJ/ ajymvnf;bmxl;rSmvJ/ uRefawmfuolrsm;vnf;xufoefapcsifw,f/ uRefawmfudk,fwdkifvnf; xufxufoefoefajymwJhtcgrSm tenf;qHk;pdwf0ifpm;vmr,f/rSm;wm? rSefwm uRefawmftrsm;BuD;tcsdef&rSmaygh/ aumif;wm? qdk;wmuRefawmftrsm;BuD;csdef&r,f/ jynfhpHkwm? rjynfhpHkwm uRefawmftrsm;BuD;csdef&r,f/

tJ'DvdkyJ uRefawmfutusOf;om;awGudkolwdkYudk,fwdkifvnf; ½kef;uefMuyg/ ab;vlawGuvnf;0dkif;ajymyg/ tusOf;om;awG&JU jyóemtusOf;om;awGqefYusifvdkY&ygw,f/ uefYuGufvdkY&ygw,f/ 'guRefawmfajymcsifwm?aumif;NyD/ 'gtusOf;om;vGwfa&;yJ/ cifAsm;vnf;vGwfaeNyD/usefwJholvnf; vGwfvma&m bmxl;rSmvJ/ vGwfwmyJ/ r[kwfbl;/uRefawmfubmeJYoGm;qufvJqdkawmh dialogue eJYoGm;qufw,f/ a':pktygt0ifEkdifiHtusOf;om;awGvTwfay;/ vlawGawmfawmfrsm;vmvdrfhr,f/ awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJjzpfvmvdrfhr,f/ 'guRefawmf&JU tactics yJ/ usefwJh[dkbufydkif; &SdwmawGeJYywfoufNyD; uRefawmfu trSeftwdkif;ajym&ifuRefawmf[m EkdifiHa&;orm;r[kwfwJhtwGuf uRefawmfwcsKdU[mawGuodyfem;rvnfbl;/ trSefwdkif;ajym&if uRefawmf'DESpfck udkqufNyD;ajymaewm/ [dkEkdifiHa&;tydkif;awGeJYywfouf&if uRefawmf trsm;BuD;pOf;pm;&r,f/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh uRefawmftrsm;BuD;cRwfacsmfoGm;Ekdifw,f/ uRefawmfodyfrodbl;As? b,fvdkqHk;jzwf&rvJ/ 'D[mawGrSefovm;? rSm;ovm;? aumif;ovm;? qdk;ovm;? uRefawmftrsm;BuD; pOf;pm;&OD;r,f/

bmvdkYvJqdk&if constitution eJYywfoufvdkY constitution udk uRefawmftukefrzwfzl;ao;bl;av/ axmifxJrSm owif;pmay;w,fqdkwmaeYwdkif;&wmr[kwfbl;/ wpfcgwavr&bl;/ ausmfoGm;wJh&uf&Sdw,f/b,fa&mufaerSef;rodbl;/ [dkvdk[mawG aemufvnf;r&Sdbl;/ (15)rdepf?rdepf (20)ay;NyD; aemufwpfa,mufay;? aemufwpfa,mufay;? 'D[mawGvnf;rzwfjzpfbl;/

tJ'Dawmh constitution eJYywfoufvdkYrltm;jzifh uRefawmfvufrcHbl;/bmvdkYvufrcHvJ/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm (1989)ckESpf uwnf;url&Sdw,f/yifvHkrSmxkwfxm;wJh a':pk&JUaMunmcsuft& udkrdk;olzwfwJhpm/ uRefawmfvTwfawmfrSm a&T;aumufyGJawG? bmawGvkyfwJhtcgrSm tEkdif&wJhygwDuvTwfawmf&JUOD;aqmifrI&r,f/ trsKd;om;nDvmcHwpfckusif;yr,f/ tJ'DusrSvTwfawmfxJutrwfawGa&m? tjyifutrwfawGa&m tukefvHk;xnfhNyD;trsKd;om;nDvmcHwpfck/ tJ'Duae constitution qGJyg/ tJ'Duaea&G;aumufyGJawG bmawGusif;yr,f/ NLD a&G;aumufyGJ0ifzdkYawmifrqHk;jzwf&ao;bl;/ b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf 'gwpfESpfeJYvkyfvdkYNyD;&if wpfESpfeJYoGm;/ (6)veJYNyD;vnf; (6)veJY a&G;aumufyGJjyefvkyf/ qdkvdkwmu 'Dconstitution BuD;ujyefvkyf/ 'D[m&JUtESpfom&u bmjzpfrvJqdkawmhjynfolu wifajr§mufvdkufwJhvTwfawmfqdkwJh[m/ NLD vdkYrodbl;aemf/NLD &,fbm&,frodbl;/ (1989)tpydkif;yJ/

tck[mu ppfAdkvfawGqHk;jzwfNyD;awmh b,folrSef;rod/ udk,fpm;vS,f[kwfvm; r[kwfvm;rodwJhqGJxnfhvdkY vkyfwmrSefw,fvdkY uRefawmfrajymcsifbl;/ olwdkY[m rSm;aew,fqdkwmawmh uRefawmfajymvdkY&w,f/olwdkY[mrSm;aewJh[mudk uRefawmfudkifNyD; olwdkYqHk;jzwfwJh constitu-tion uRefawmfvufrcHbl;/ tMurf;zsOf;tm;jzifh/ aemufwpfcg'D con-stitution rSmwyfrawmfonf EkdifiHa&;OD;aqmifrIu@rSm yg0ifa&;qdkwme*dkuwnf;urltm;jzifh uRefawmfvufrcHbl;/ 'gaumif;wm? qdk;wm?rSm;wm? rSefwmuRefawmfrodbl;/ 'gayr,fhuRefawmfuawmh 'D[mvkyfwmrrSefbl;/ rvkyfaumif;bl;vdkYqHk;jzwfNyD;om;jzpfaew,f/ uRefawmfwdkYuvkyfMuyg/ b,folrStmCmwrxm;ygbl;/ wyfrawmftBuD;tuJyk*¾dKvfrsm; AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;oef;a&TvdkupNyD; axmifhwpfae&mawmif uRefawmfwdkYtmCmwrxm;ygbl;/ 'DvlawGudk tjypfwifjcif;? ½Iwfcsjcif;rjyKygbl;/'DvlawGEkdifiHa&;vkyfr,fqdk xGufvkyfMuyg/ uRefawmfwdkYygwDvkyfr,fqdkvnf; welcome yg/ wjcm;ygwDvkyfr,fqdk&ifvkyfMuyg/ 'DtxJrSm ygwD0ifrSmwpfOD;uaeNyD;awmh csD;ajr§mufcsD;ajr§muf olUudkyJay;NyD;awmh acgif;aqmifawGjzpf&ifvnf;jzpfyg/ 'gyJuRefawmfwdkYoabmyJ/ yk*¾dKvfa&;t&uRefawmfwdkYu ykwfcwfjcif;? wdkufcdkufjcif; bmjcif;r&Sdbl;/

tckbm&SdvJqdkawmh uRefawmfucifAsm;wdkYqdk ydkodvdrfhr,f/ ppftmPm&SifqdkwJhpum;vHk;awmif uRefawmfroHk;bl;/ ppftmPm&Sifqdk yk*¾dKvfa&;ygvmvdrfhr,f/ uRefawmfawmif;qdkaewm bmvJqdkawmh rD'D,mxJawmif ygvm;rygbl;vm; rodbl;/

q&m[dkaeYuajymwm puf,EÅ&m;/q&m[dkaeYuajymwm puf,EÅ&m;/q&m[dkaeYuajymwm puf,EÅ&m;/q&m[dkaeYuajymwm puf,EÅ&m;/q&m[dkaeYuajymwm puf,EÅ&m;/bmvdkYvJqdk axmufvSrf;a&;,EÅ&m;BuD;awmif zsufzl;ao;wm

aumif;ygw,f/ tvGefudkaumif;ygw,f/ wdkif;jynfBuD;rSm b,favmufaumif;oGm;w,fqdkwm tjyifrSmr&SdvdkY uRefawmfrodbl;/ 'gayr,fhaxmifxJrSm rodromaumif;oGm;w,f/ b,favmufawmif aumif;vJqdkwm bmerlem&SdvJqdk&if (1995)ckESpf uRefawmfwdkYawmif;qdkwmvlawGxrif;0atmifauR;yg/ raumif;wmrajymbl;/ uRefawmfwdkY[dkw,frSmvmaewmr[kwfbl;/ qefaumif;&r,frajymbl;/ qefrnf;rnf;?npfnpfudpör&Sdbl;/ oefY&Sif;atmifauR;yg/ tcsdefrSefauR;yg/ 0atmifauR;yg/ [dkrSmxrif;wpfaumfqdkNyD;NyD/ xrif;xyfawmif;&ifrBudKufbl;/olwdkYvnf;odw,f/ rjiif;Edkifbl;/ uRefawmf xrif;0atmifauR;ygqdkawmhUN wdkY? bmwdkYawmif;qdkwm tJ'g/ axmufvSrf;a&;u zdxm;wm/bmrSr[kwfbl;/ axmufvSrf;a&;jyKwfoGm;NyD; (2003)ckESpfusawmh axmifrSm t0pm;yHkpHrvdk/

eH&HrSmawGUw,f/eH&HrSmawGUw,f/eH&HrSmawGUw,f/eH&HrSmawGUw,f/eH&HrSmawGUw,f/uRefawmfjyefxGufvmawmhvnf; 'k-csKyfeJYawGUw,f/ 'k-csKyfudk

uRefawmfajymw,f/ cifAsm; 'D[mubmjyKvdkYvJwJh/ 'D[mucifAsm;wdkYra&mufcifav;urS jzpfwmvdkY/

olu enf;enf;aemufusw,f/olu enf;enf;aemufusw,f/olu enf;enf;aemufusw,f/olu enf;enf;aemufusw,f/olu enf;enf;aemufusw,f/'gawmifrS axmufvSrf;a&;rSm uRefawmfwdkYawmif;&wm ckepfESpf?

&SpfESpfawmif;rS&cJhwm/ axmifxJrSm uRefawmf0rf;tomqHk;udpöu 'D[myJ/uRefawmfajymcsifwmu bmvJqdk&if axmufvSrf;a&;,EÅ&m;qdkwmtvGefcdkifrmawmifhwif;NyD;awmh us,fjyefYwJhMoZm&SdwJh tzGJUtpnf;awmifrSjynfolUtusKd;rjyK? jynfoludktaESmifht,Sufay;w,fvdkYxifvdkY zsufodrf;ypfEkdif&if zsufodrf;ypfwJh tpOftvmvnf;&Sdygw,f/ uRefawmf tifrwef0rf;omygw,f/ csD;rGrf;ygw,f/ uRefawmfuwpfqifhqifhNyD; awmif;yg&ap/tJ'gbmvJqdk&if ppfaumifpDvdk[mrsKd; zsufodrf;ypfyg/ ppfwyfu0ifNyD;trSwf (6)vkd[mrsKd;eJY wyfrawmfu0ifNyD; EkdifiHa&;OD;aqmifrIvdkrsKd;rvkyfygeJY/ 'gyJ/ uRefawmfu tJ'Dtydkif;usawmh ajymp&mawGtrsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ odkYaomf uRefawmftJ'Dtydkif;awG odyfrajymcsifbl;/ xufoefatmifajymcsif&if uRefawmfvnf; xufoefatmifajym&rSmyJ/ tusOf;om;awG vTwfay;zdkYawmif;qdkygw,f/ tJ'gudkuRefawmf&J&Jwif;wif; ajymrSmyJ/qefYusifMuyg/ uefYuGufMuyg/ txJuvnf; awmif;qdkEkdifatmif awmif;qdkMuyg/ trsm;BuD;usefao;w,f/ aemufxyfcszdkYvnf; olwdkYBudK;pm;aew,f/ rif;udkEkdifwdkY? Zm*emwdkY? udkudkBuD;wdkYponfjzifh/

tJ'Dawmh 'Dvdk[mawGvkyfae&ifwpfqifh bmoGm;rvJ/ awGUqHkaqG;aEG;&if vrf;yGifhvmr,f/ yGifhapcsifwJhtaMumif;uvnf; bmvJqdk&if[dkEkdifiHa&;tusKd;qufawG trsm;BuD;ay:vmr,fqdkwmvnf; 'gxif&Sm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh avmavmq,frSm b,favmufawmifjzpfvJqdk&ifudkpl;prf;a&;wJh aqmif;yg;vdk[mrsKd;ayghAsm/ awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJqdwm tqifwefqmyJ/ rvdkbl;ayghAsm/ constitution NyD;&if ygwDrSwfyHkwifOya'vmawmhr,f/ ygwDrSwfyHkwifNyD;&if a&G;aumufyGJOya'vmawmhr,f/NyD;&if a&G;aumufyGJvmr,f/ NyD;NyD/ 'gu tnrnjzpfaew,f/

uRefawmfckeuajymovdk a':pktygt0if EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGvTwfa&;rSm tckvkyfaewJh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;a&;yHkpH/ a':pku *rfbm&DudkyJuefYuGufuefYuGuf/ tpdk;&yJuefYuGuf uefYuGuf/ uefYuGufwmrSefw,fqdkwm bmvdkYajymvJqdk&if wdkif;jynfodp&mrvdkbl;/ odkodkodyfodyfvkyf&w,fyJxm;/ vkyfyg/ tckwdkif;qdk cifAsm;uRefawmfwdkY 'DvdkvkyfaewmvufrcHbl;/ bmvJqdkwmvTwfay;/ NLD u vlawGeJYjyefawGU/ aqG;aEG;tukefvHk;vkyfNyD;&if qHk;jzwfcsufawGeJY awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJoGm;&if tay;t,lawG trsm;BuD;vkyf&rSmaygh/ NLD vnf; 'gBuD;udktaoqkwfudkifvdkYb,f&rvJ/ NLD vnf; avQmhay;oifhwmavQmhay;&rSmaygh/ tpkd;&uvnf; avQmhay;oifhwmavQmhay;/ 'gqdkEkdifiHa&;ajz&Sif;rI&r,f/ tJ'grSNLD wufzdkY&Sdw,f/ EkdYrkdqdk NLD oGm;NyD/ NLD uGJzdkYyJ&Sdw,f/ 'Dvdk EkdifiHa&;ygwDwpfck cdkifcdkifrmrm&SdaeNyD;ysufwmrsKd; uRefawmfrjzpfcsifbl;/ tJ'DawmhuRefawmfwdkYusefwJhygwDawGvnf; ajymcsifw,f/ aqG;aEG;csifw,f? vufwGJcsifw,f? 'Drdkua&pDtwGuf vufwGJcsifw,f? tJ'DvdkvkyfwJhtcgrSm dialogue &JUMoZm? wGef;tm;awGu&Sdaewkef;yJ/ dialogue rvdkawmhbl;qdkvdkuf&if wpfvrf;oGm;yJjzpfawmhr,f/ tpdk;&vkyfwJh vrf;twdkif;oGm;zdkYyJ&Sdw,f/ tpdk;&vrf;twdkif;oGm;&if NLD [m rSwfyHkwifzdkY? rwifzdkYEkdifiHa&;b0wpfck 'Dtay:rSmoGm;wnfawmhr,f/

NLD u ]rSwfyHkrwifawmhygbl;Asm}vdkYqdkvdkuf&if 'gvnf; ygwDysufoGm;rSmyJ/ rSwfyHkwifygawmhr,fqdkvnf; tpdk;&oGm;wJh vrf;twdkif;vdkuf&rSmyJ/ tJ'Dvdk tajctaeawGaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYu dialogueudk jyefazmfapcsifw,f/ dialogue tckvdkvkyfaewJh yHkpHrsKd;r[kwfbJeJYudk,fhtzGJUtpnf;eJYudk,f wdkifyifaqG;aEG;? tjcm;ygwDawGeJYawmif wdkifyifn§dEdIif;oifhn§dEdIif;&rSmyJ/ n§dEdIif;NyD; ]uRefawmfwdkY 'gawG'gawGawmh qE´&Sdw,f/ [dkujyifEkdifwm&Sdw,f/ rjyifEkdifwm&Sdr,f/ tavQmhtwif;awGvkyfMu&if a&SUavQmufvkyfr,fha&G;aumufyGJwdkY? bmwdkY[m 'Dvrf;aMumif;trsm;BuD;ajzmifhjzL;oGm;r,fvdkY,lqw,f/ tJ'gawG&JUtajccHu tusOf;om;awGvTwfa&;eJY dialogue yJ/ 'DavmufyJuRefawmfvnf; trSeftwdkif;em;vnfw,f/ &Sif;&Sif;ajym&ifuRefawmfEkdifiHa&;orm;u vmwmr[kwfbl;/ EkdifiHa&;udk;vavmufvkyfzl;wm/ 'gyJ/ uRefawmfutusOf;om;vTwfa&;yJ uRefawmfajymr,f/ jyif;jyif;xefxefajymp&m&Sd&if uRefawmfajymrSmyJ/

jrwfcdkif(awGUar;onf)jrwfcdkif(awGUar;onf)jrwfcdkif(awGUar;onf)jrwfcdkif(awGUar;onf)jrwfcdkif(awGUar;onf)

Page 34: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

32

&efukef ar (21)&efukef ar (21)&efukef ar (21)&efukef ar (21)&efukef ar (21)tEkynmavmuwGif e,fBudKufZmwfum;rsm;ESifh y&dowftodtrSwfjyKrIukd &&Sd

aeaom rif;om;opfcefYausmfZif\ pme,fZif;rdwfqufyGJukd &efukefNrdKU? r[mAEKvyef;NcHvrf;&Sd Orchid Hotel üjyKvkyfcJh&m q&matmifoQH0kdif;(usKdufra&m)u tcrf;tem;rSL;jyKvkyfcJhNyD; tvif;wef;t,f'Dwm q&mvif;EkdifOD;u rk'dwmpum;ajymcJhonf/

]]uRefawmf rdbarwÅmukdazmfusL;wJh Zmwfvrf;awGukd ½dkuful;csifygw,f/ tckaemufykdif;rSm acgif;aqmifum;awG½dkuful;aeygw,f/ tckavmavmq,frSm e,fbufuawmhodMuayr,fh emrnfeJYvleJYwGJNyD;rSwfrdatmif pme,fZif;rsm;xH rdwfquftyfESHwmyg/ ynmay;um;awG? tuf&SifawGvnf; yHkpHpHkatmif o½kyfaqmifcsifygw,f}}[kvQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fokdYajymcJhonf/

o½kyfaqmifopfcefYausmfZiftaejzifh AD'D,kdZmwfum; (20)ausmfwGif yg0ifo½kyfaqmifcJhNyD; ,ckvuf&SdwGif acgif;aqmifrif;om;ae&mwGif o½kyfaqmifNyD; ½dkuful;vsuf&SdaMumif;? ukd,fykdifxkwfvkyfa&;jzpfaom a&TZifNrdKifxkwfvkyfa&;ukd vkyfukdifvsuf&SdaMumif;od&onf/ pk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkufpk d;pHxdkuf

rdbarwÅmukdazmfusL;wJUZmwfum;awGukd½dkuful;vkdonf[kajymvmol rif;om;opfcefhausmfZif

&efukef? ar(20)&efukef? ar(20)&efukef? ar(20)&efukef? ar(20)&efukef? ar(20)ucsifwkdif;&if;olwpfOD;jzpfol aw;oH&Sif*smqef\ t&iftwkdif; ,k,ay;trnf&Sd

aw;pD;&D; pme,fZif;rdwfqufyGJukd &efukefNrdKU? pifx&,f[kdw,fü (2014)ckESpf? ar(20)&ufwGifjyKvkyfcJh&m tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf q&matmifoQH0kdif;(usKdufra&m)u aqmif&GufcJhNyD; tvif;wef;*sme,f\t,f'Dwm q&mvif;EkdifOD;u rk'dwmpum;ajymcJhonf/

aw;oH&Sif*smqefu ]]uRefru ucsifwkdif;&if;olwpfOD;yg/ 'DtacGukd 0goemt&vkyfcJhwmqkdawmh y&dowftm;ay;rIukdarQmfvifhaeygw,f/ 'DvkdtacGwpfacGjzpfvmzkdYtwGuf tcsdefESpfESpfcefY,lcJh&ygw,f/ *DwykHpHpHkatmifvkdYawmh xnfhxm;ygw,f/ wpfacGvHk;u ukd,fykdifoHpOfawGyg/ ]]vrif;twGuftdef*s,f}}trnf&SdoDcsif;wpfyk'fukdawmhukd,fwkdifa&;xm;wmygygw,f/ wl&d,mawGxJrSmawmh *Dwmenf;enf;awmhwD;wwfygw,f/ MTV rSmvnf; twwfEkdifqHk; yg0ifo½kyfaqmifxm;ayr,fh o½kyfaqmifvkyfzkdYtpDtpOfr&Sdygbl;}}[k vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fukd ajymcJhonf/

xkdaw;pD;&D;wGif aw;a&;q&mrsm;tjzpf a&Ta*smfa*smf? &,f*sD? K No, *sDav;?pkd;rkd;? qkdif;vDESifh *smqefwkdYyg0ifNyD; 'g½dkufwmoHk;aygif? 0if;vGifxuf? atmifjrwf?&mZm? &Jrif;ol? ukdMuwfESifh *smqefwkdYu ½dkuful;yHkazmfxm;onf/

pkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkufpkd;pHxdkuf

aw;oH&Sif*smqef\ t&iftwkdif;,k,ay;aw;pD;&D;rdwfqufyGJjyKvkyfcJU

'g½dkufwmndKrif;vGif\ ausmcsif;ckdif;írsufESmcsif;qkdif AD'D,kdZmwfum;xGuf&Sd

pdefa|;AD'D,kdxkwfvkyfjzefYcsda&;u xkwfvkyfaomZmwfvrf;? ZmwfñTef;'g½dkufwmndKrif;vGif\ ausmcsif;ckdif;í rsufESmcsif;qkdif jrefrmAD'D,dkZmwfum;ukd ajywDOD;ESifhcspfoka0wkdYu t"duyg0ifo½kyfaqmifxm;onf/

'DZmwfum;xJrSmqkd&ifajywDOD;eJY cspfoka0wkdYESpfa,mufu NGO tzGJUtpnf;wpfcktwGuf oifwef;wufa&mufMuNyD; b,fvkdrSrwnfhbJ aemufqHk;cspfolawGjzpfoGm;MuyHkukd oufOD;ukd? bkdbkd? OD;0if;NrdKif?a':vSvSrkd;? vrif;uAsm? ykd;ykd;? pifoD,m? cifoef;0if;?a&Tv0if;? a':',fbD? ZmjcnfvGif? &JjrñGefYtzGJU? tufpwmtzGJUESifhtEkynm&Sifrsm;pGmu yg0ifulnDtm;jznfhay;xm;onfukdawGU&Sd&onf/ 'DZmwfvrf;ukdMunfhjcif;tm;jzifhwpfa,mufeJYwpfa,mufcspfawmhr,fqkd&ifMum;ub,folUukdrS atmifoG,fawmfrvkyfckdif;bJ ukd,fhbmomBudK;pm;NyD; cspfcGifhyefMuygqkdwJh todw&m;wpfckukd'g½dkufwmndKrif;vGifu ½kduful;yHkazmfay;xm;onf/

TTM

usdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;eJYwuG oHCr[memuOuú|q&mawmfb'´EÅukrm&eJYwuG a'gufwmcifa½Ttygt0iftm;vHk;uk d tckawGU&wJhtwGufaMumifh rdwfjzpfaqGjzpf&if;ESD;rIvnf;jzpfatmif? xdkif;EdkifiHeJYvnf;&if;ESD;rIjzpfatmif'Dvdk*kPfjyKwJhtaeeJYvnf; trsm;BuD;yJaus;Zl;wif*kPf,lrdygw,f/ trsm;BuD;vnf; aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ tm;vHk;ukdusef;rmvdkYcsrf;omygap}}

qufvufí usKdufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfb'´EÅynm'DyrSvnf; jyefvnfavQmufxm;&mwGif-

]]tckvdk omoemrI? bmomrIukda½S;½IíjrefrmEdkifiHeJY xdkif;EdkifiHbmomvnf;wlw,f?omomemvnf;wlw,ftp½SdonftaMumif;awG qufpyfwmcsif;aMumifh,aeY,ckþuJhodkYBuHKqHk&onfhtay: 0rf;ajrmufzG,f&m tvGefw&maumif;onf/,aeY,ckþodk YjyK&aom omoemeJYtaMumif;qufaom? tqifhjrifhrm;aomt[kef?*kPfwdkYukdomoemh package? &wemh package? r*Fvm package tpHktnDjzifh a'0g?&mZm0if;rsm;ygNcHí aqmif½GufEdkifMuonfhtay: r[mcsLvmavmifuGefwuúodkvfBuD;ü uGyfuJtkyfcsKyfawmfrlukefaom Ouú|q&mawmfBuD;? 'kOuú|q&mawmfrsm;? q&mawmfoHCmawmfrsm;tm;vHk;wdkYukd0rf;ajrmufpGmjzifh aus;Zl;wif½SdaMumif;/ xdktaMumif;wdkYaMumifh xdkif;EdkifiHESifh jrefrmEdkifiHAk'¨bmomwlnDrQwJhtay:vlrsdK;taeeJYaomfvnf;aumif;? wdkif;jynftaeeJYaomfvnf;aumif; wdkif;jynfuGyfuJpDrH? rif;jyKvkyf&aom rif;&mZmwdkYonfvnf;aumif;tm;vHk;wdkYonfukd,fa&mpdwfygrQwcsrf;omusef;rmpGmjzifh ESpfEdkifiHcspfMunf&if;ESD;aygif;oif;rIESifhwuG ESpfEdkifiHü?urÇmYtv,fü tm;vHk;yGifhvif;wdk;wufatmifjrifjcif;½Sdovdk jynfoljynfom; vl

trsm;wdkYonfvnf;aumif;? a'0gwdkYonfvnf;aumif; tm;vHk;wdkYonf ,aeY,ckjyKtyfonfhtay: 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmjzifhaumif;jcif;trI om"kac:qdkEdkifMuygapaom0f/

(om"k - om"k - om"k)}}tqkdygtcrf;tem;wGif 0PÖausmf

xifa'gufwmOD;cifa&Tr S r[mcsLvmavmifuGef t,k'¨,Ak'¨wuúokdvfokd Ytar&duefa':vm 20000 vSL'gef;cJ honf/ xdkokdYvSL'gef;&jcif;ESifh ywfoufívnf; 0PÖausmfxifa'gufwmOD;cifa&TrS

]]a'gufwmcsufcsdKif;uvnf; tckvdkwynfhawmfwdkY&JUq&mawmfBuD;rsm;ukd vSLwJhtwGufaMumifh ESpfEdkifiHax&0g'Ak'¨bmomwdk;wufygap? jyefYyGm;ygap/ omoemESpf (2500)uae (5000) txda&mufygapvdkYqkawmif;&if; wynfhawmfavQmufxm;tyfygw,fbk&m;}} [k avQmufxm;cJhonf/

tqkdygtcrf;tem;wGif EkdifiHawmf

A[kdoHCm0efaqmiftzGJUOuú| rEÅav;NrdKUAef;armfausmif;wkduf q&mawmftbd"Zr[m&|*k½k tbd"Zr[mo'´r®aZmwdua'gufwmb'´EÅukrm&bd0HorS w&m;csD;jr§ifhcJ honf/ qufvufí rEÅav;odef;aZmf? OD;eef;0if;? apmif;a':cifrmoDwdkYrSajrvufrif;vGif\ a'gufwmbGJUt&SifusKdufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfocif *kPfxl;aw;xyftygt0if "r®ylZmaw;rsm;jzifhylaZmfcJhaMumif;od&Sd&onf/

a'gufwmbGJUt&SifusdKufxD;aqmif;q&ma'gufwmbGJUt&SifusdKufxD;aqmif;q&ma'gufwmbGJUt&SifusdKufxD;aqmif;q&ma'gufwmbGJUt&SifusdKufxD;aqmif;q&ma'gufwmbGJUt&SifusdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfocif(*kPylZmaw;xyf)awmfocif(*kPylZmaw;xyf)awmfocif(*kPylZmaw;xyf)awmfocif(*kPylZmaw;xyf)awmfocif(*kPylZmaw;xyf)

vufawGUvkdufem opöm"r®awGeJYtppfobm0 azGMuap&marwÅm"r® a0iSygonfa0ae,sawG usifhapom;usKdufxD;aqmif;ajrrS r[max&f

armfonfurmÇajray:xGef;awmufapom;ig;okH;vD[k wjynfh'umawGukdtodomap oifjyrem;u0dr[max&f txifu&tm;awGeJYjriforsSMum;orsS &Muykanowf ckd; vdrf nm tdrf&mtrSm;awGeJYaoaomufpm;wkdY uif;Muygapig;jzmteEå tjrJ&kdaoumvGJtykdawG pm&if;0ifrvGJMuapzkdYjrif;? qif? uRJ? EGm;? 0uftom;ukd

a&Smifumw&m;zuftm;ukdaqmifygt&Sifynm'Dy tbd"Zr[max&fukdtwdt0o'´gawGykd ylaZmfMuonf

yav; ....

a&;om;ylaZmf =ajrvwfrif;vGifa&;om;ylaZmf =ajrvwfrif;vGifa&;om;ylaZmf =ajrvwfrif;vGifa&;om;ylaZmf =ajrvwfrif;vGifa&;om;ylaZmf =ajrvwfrif;vGifoDqkdylaZmf = rEåav;odef;aZmfoDqkdylaZmf = rEåav;odef;aZmfoDqkdylaZmf = rEåav;odef;aZmfoDqkdylaZmf = rEåav;odef;aZmfoDqkdylaZmf = rEåav;odef;aZmf

tZ#mtEkynmtZ#mtEkynmtZ#mtEkynmtZ#mtEkynmtZ#mtEkynm(xkdif;Ek difiH?t,k'¨,NrdKU)(xkdif;Ek difiH?t,k'¨,NrdKU)(xkdif;Ek difiH?t,k'¨,NrdKU)(xkdif;Ek difiH?t,k'¨,NrdKU)(xkdif;Ek difiH?t,k'¨,NrdKU)

tcsyfy

dk (tcsyfy

dk (tcsyfy

dk (tcsyfy

dk (tcsyfy

dk (C) rSt

qu

f) rSt

qu

f) rSt

qu

f) rSt

qu

f) rSt

qu

f

Page 35: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

33

2014? arv (17)&ufaeYu &efukef? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? AdkvfpdefrSef2014? arv (17)&ufaeYu &efukef? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? AdkvfpdefrSef2014? arv (17)&ufaeYu &efukef? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? AdkvfpdefrSef2014? arv (17)&ufaeYu &efukef? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? AdkvfpdefrSef2014? arv (17)&ufaeYu &efukef? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? AdkvfpdefrSeftm;upm;uGif;ü jyKvkyfonfhvlxktpnf;ta0;yGJü a':atmifqef;tm;upm;uGif;ü jyKvkyfonfhvlxktpnf;ta0;yGJü a':atmifqef;tm;upm;uGif;ü jyKvkyfonfhvlxktpnf;ta0;yGJü a':atmifqef;tm;upm;uGif;ü jyKvkyfonfhvlxktpnf;ta0;yGJü a':atmifqef;tm;upm;uGif;ü jyKvkyfonfhvlxktpnf;ta0;yGJü a':atmifqef;pkMunfajymMum;csufrsm;ukd azmfjyvkdufygonfpkMunfajymMum;csufrsm;ukd azmfjyvkdufygonfpkMunfajymMum;csufrsm;ukd azmfjyvkdufygonfpkMunfajymMum;csufrsm;ukd azmfjyvkdufygonfpkMunfajymMum;csufrsm;ukd azmfjyvkdufygonf

]]'DaeYusrwdkY&JU 'Dvlxktpnf;ta0;yGJukd vma&muftm;ay;wJhy&dowftm;vHk;ukd aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ BudKqdkygw,f/ 'DaeY'DyGJ[m bmtwGufvJqdkwm wdkwdkajym&&if usrwdkYEdkifiH&JUtem*wftwGuf jzpfygw,f/ EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH&JUtem*wfukd pOf;pm;NyDqdk&if tm;vHk;&JUpdwfxJrSm?tm;vHk;&JUacgif;xJrSm b,fvdkEdkifiHjzpfapcsifvJqdkwJh tjrif wpfck½SdzdkYvdkygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkYusrwdkY&JU jynfolvlxktm;vHk;ukd 'gav;av;eufeufpOf;pm;apcsifygw,f/ usrwdkYEdkifiHukd b,fvdkEdkifiH rsdK;jzpfapcsifovJqdkwm pOf;pm;&rSmyg/ usrwdkYcPcPajymygw,f/ 'DEdkifiH[m wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pHkeJY zGJUpnf;xm;wJhjynfaxmifpk wpfckjzpfw,f/ ppfrSefwJh'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpk? Nidrf;csrf;NyD;awmh nDñGwfwJh 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkwpfckjzpfrSomvQif usrwdkY[m om,m0ajymzGHUNzdK;wJh EdkifiHwpfckjzpfEdkifygw,f/

'DaeYuRefrwdkY'DyJG[m bmtwGufvJqdkwm twdkcsKyfajym&&if? usrwdkYedkifiH&Jhtem*wftwGuf jzpfygw,f/ EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH&JU tem*wfudkpOf;pm;NyDqdkvdkY&dS&if tm;vHk;&JUpdwfxJrSm tm;vHk;&JUacgif;xJrSm b,fvdkEdkifiHjzpfapcsifvJqdkwJh tjrifwpfckawmh&dSzdkUvdkygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY usrwdkY&JUjynfolvlxktm;vHk;udk av;av;eufeufpOf;pm;apcsifygw,f/ usrwdkYEdkifiHudk b,fvdkEdkifiHrsKd;jzpfapcsifvJqdkwmudk pOf;pm;&rSmyg/

ppfpum;eJYajym&r,fqdk&if ½kwfodrf;jcif;aygh/ odu©m&Sd&SdeJY½kwfodrf;jcif;? £ajE´&&eJY½kyfodrf;jcif;? odu©m&Sd&SdeJY£ajE´&&eJY jynfolvlxk&JUMobmudkcHNyD;awmh ½kyfodrf;yHk½kyfodrf;enf;udk rvdkcsifMubl;vm;vdkY usruar;csifygw,f/

2015 a&G;aumufyGJrSmEdkifcsifvdkYvm;/ Edkifcsif&ifjynfolY&JU tonf;ESvHk;yJ&atmifvkyf&rSmyJ/ tjcm;enf;awGawmh r&bl;xifygw,f/ rrQwwJha&G;aumufyGJOya'awGeJYyJjzpfjzpf? rrQwwJhzGJU pnf;yHktajccHOya'eJYyJjzpfjzpf? rrQwwJhenf;awGeJYyJjzpfjzpf? 2015 a&G;aumufyGJudkEdkifr,fhtpm;rEdkifwmurSydkodu©m&Sdw,fvdkY usrajymcsifygw,f/ EdkifyHkEdkifenf;[mvnf;rSefrSefuefuefeJYodu©m&Sd&r,f/ ½IH;yHk½IH;enf;[mvnf; rSefrSefuefuefeJYodu©m&Sd&r,f/

udk,fhudk,fudk,HkMunfvdkY&Sd&if b,ftzGJUtpnf;? b,ftmPm&JU tiftm;udkrS tm;udk;p&mrvdkbl;/ jynfolvlxk&JUaxmufcHrI&r,fvdkY udk,fhudk,fudk,HkMunfrI&SdvdkY&Sd&if b,fzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'urS txl; tcGifhta&;ay;xm;p&mrvdkygbl;/ uRefrwdkYtaeeJY b,ftxl;tcGifhta&;rSzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'uaeay;xm;wmudk rvdkcsifygbl;/ ay;xm;&ifawmifrS 'gusrudkapmfum;w,fvdkYjrifygw,f/ rmeav;&SdMuprf;yg/ rSefuefwJhrmeav;&SdMuprf;yg/ txl;tcGifhta&;rvdkcsifygeJY/ jynfolawGudkumuG,fzdkY? jynfolawGtm;udk;EdkifzdkY wdkif;jynf&JUodu©mudk jr§ifhwifay;EdkifzdkYxlaxmifay;cJhwJh wyfrawmf? umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfupvdkY usefwJhwyfrawmfom;rsm;tm;vHk; aoaocsmcsmpOf;pm;yg/ wyfrawmf&JU*kPfodu©mudkjr§ifhwifzdkYtwGuf vdkvdkvm;vm;eJY vTwfawmftwGif;uaeNyD;awmh 436udk jyifqifEdkifzdkYtwGuf wyfrawmfom;rsm;uae yxrqHk;pNyD;vufrSwfxdk;MuygvdkY wdkufwGef;csifygw,f/ 436 udkjyifjcif;tm;jzifh uRefrwdkYEdkifiHtwGuf b,favmufwdk;wufEdkifvJqdkwm t"duwyfrawmfom;awGudkpOf;pm;apcsifygw,f/ 436 [m wyfrawmfom;awGudk txl;tcGifhta&;ay;xm;wJhyk'frjzpfygw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkvdkY&Sd&if 436 t&qdkvdkY&Sd&ifwyfrawmfom;awG&JU oabmwlnDcsufr&SdyJeJY? tajccHOya'xJu t"duyk'frawGudk jyifvdkYr&ygbl;/ wyfrawmfom;awGudk arwÅm&yfcHcsifw,f/pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ wpfjcm;jynfoljynfom;awGxufydkNyD;awmh tcGifhta&;&aewm[m wu,fyJ 0rf;omp&mudpö [kwf&JUvm;qdkwmudk jyefpOf;pm;apcsifygw,f/ vufeuftmPmaMumifhrdk YvdkY txl;tcGifhta&;&w,fqdkwm[m odu©m&Sd&JUvm;vdkY? udk,fhtwGufaumif;&JUvm;qdkwm pOf;pm;apcsifygw,f/

'DzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk rjyifcsifwJhudpö[m t"dubmvJqdkawmhtckwavmuRefrMum;ae&wm bmvJqdkawmh'DEdkifiH&JUwnfNidrfa&;twGufwJh? 'DEdkifiH&JUwnfNidrfa&;twGuf 'DzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk qufxdef;odrf;

xm;&r,fqdkwmawGvnf;ygw,f/ aemufNyD;awmh 'DzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'xJrSm wpfcsKdUwpfavauseyfavmufatmif Oyrmtm;jzifh wdkif;&if;om;jynfe,frsm;rSm auseyfavmufatmif wpfcsKdU[mav;awGawmh jyifoifhw,fqdkwmawGygygw,f/ uRefrutJ'grsKd;udkrBudKufbl;/ rjyifcsif&ifvnf; rjyifcsifbl;vdkYajym/

wu,ft"duuswJhudpöawGawmh rjyifbJeJY? uRefrwdkYMum;rSm pdwf0rf;uGJatmifvdkY [dk[mav;jyifay;r,f/ 'D[mav; jyifay;r,f vkyfwm[m wdkif;jynftay:rSmapwemrJhw,fvdkY uRefrujrifw,f/ 'g[m uRefrwdkYeJYwdkif;&if;om;awGMum;rSmvnf; pdwf0rf;uGJatmifvkyf w,fvdkYuRefrjrifw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh wcsKdUu 436 udkjyifcsifaewm? 59udkjyifcsifaewm ArmawGuArmawGtwGufvkyfaewm 'gxufydkNyD;ajymvdkufr,fqdk&if trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfu 2015 a&G;aumufyGJudkEdkifcsifvdkYvkyfaewm tJ'DvdkajymwmawG&Sdw,f/ 'gwdkif;&if;om;awG&JUta&;rygbl;/ wdkif;&if;om;awG zufawmhvSnfhrMunfhbl;/ 'DvdkaoG;cGJwJhpum;awGajymaewmudk uRefrwdkYtrsm;BuD;owdxm;&r,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh uRefrwdkYwdkif;&if;om;awGubmvdkcsifvJ/ ppfrSefwJh'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkyJvdkcsifw,f/ ppfrSefwJh'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkqdkwm zuf'&,frludktajccHwJhjynfaxmifpk? 'Dzuf'&,frleJYywfoufvdkY uRefrwdkY trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfu wpdkufrwfrwfumuG,fcJhw,f/ axmufcHcJhw,f/tJ'Dwkef;uqdkvdkY&Sd&if zuf'&,fqdkwJhpum;udkajym&ifyJ &mZ0wfrIvdkYtmPmydkifrsm;u MunfhaewJhtcsdefrSmawmifrS uRefrwdkYvHk;0ravQmhcJhbl;/zuf'&,fqdkwmudk usrwdkYajymcJhw,f/ usrwdkYtaeeJY wdkif;&if;om;rsm;&JUarQmfrSef;csufrsm;? wdkif;&if;om;rsm; &JUtdyfrufrsm;udk usrwdkYem;vnfw,f/ usrwdkYtm;vHk;tdyfrufu twlwlyJ/ vHkvHkNcHKNcHKat;at;csrf;csrf;eJYaecsifMuw,f/ vlom;rsm; tm;vHk;&JUtdyfrufu twlwlcsnf;yJ/

2008 rSm 'DzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk twnfjyKcJhwJh vlxk qEcH,lyGJudkvnf; uRefrwdkYuefYuGufcJhygw,f/ usrwdkYtodtrSwfrjyKcJhygbl;/ tJ'Dwkef;u 92 &mcdkifEIef;eJY jynfolvlxkuae oabmwlcJhw,fvdkY ajymwJholawGudkawmh ajym&ufvdkufwmvdkYyJ usruajymcsifygw,f/ 'Dvdkajymwm[m uRefrupdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfw,f/ pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfw,fqdkwm[m 'DvdkajymvdkYr[kwfwJhudpöawmif [kwfygw,fvdkY ajym&JvdkY&Sd&ifusrwdkYEdkifiH&JUtem*wftwGuf odyfaumif;wJhvu©Pmr[kwfbl;vdkY usruajymcsifygw,f/ usrwdkY&JUjynfoljynfom;tm;vHk;? usru jynfoljynfom;tm;vHk;qdkvdkY&Sd&if jynfoljynfom;qdkwm wyfrawmfrygbl;vnf;rcGJjcm;bl;? tpdk;&rygbl;vnf;rcGJjcm;bl;/ jynfoljynfom;qdkwm tm;vHk;yJ/ tJ'Djynfoljynfom;rsm;tm;vHk;[m tjzpfudktjzpftwdkif; &ifqdkif&JwJhowåd&Sd&r,f/ 'Dvkdowådr&SdvdkYawmh usrwdkYwdk;wufEdkifrSm r[kwfygbl;/

'DzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk bmjzpfvdkY'DavmufawmifrS zufwG,faeMuwmvJvdkY uRefruvnf;ar;cGef;xkwfcsifw,f/ yGifhyGifhvif;vif;yJaqG;aEG;csifw,f/ 'DzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk 'Dtwdkif;a&;qGJxm;wm[m ,HkMunfrIr&SdvdkYvdkY usrajymcsifygw,f/ ,HkMunfrIr&SdvdkYqdkwmbmudkajymwmvJ? jynfoleJ YwyfrawmfMum;rSm ,HkMunfrIr&S dbl;/wyfrawmfuvnf; jynfoludkr,Hkbl;/ jynfoluvnf; wyfrawmfudkr,Hkbl;/ aemufNyD;awmhvnf; tcsKdUyk*¾dKvfrsm;[m rdrdwdkY&JUtem*wftwGuf ,HkMunfrIr&SdMubl;/ 'Dvdk,HkMunfrIr&SdvdkY? zGJUpnf;yHktajccH Oya'udktumtuG, fwp fc ktaee J Yxm ;w, fv d k Y u Re f r j ri f y gw, f /uRefrajymcsifwmu 'Dvdkxm;p&mrvdkbl;/ pdk;&drfaMumifhMurIawGr&SdygeJY/owåd&Sd&SdeJYtwl uRefrwdkYa&SUudkqufNyD;oGm;MupdkY/ twlqdkwmtwlyg

usrwdkY cGJjcm;NyD;awmhajymwmr[kwfygbl;/ wyfrawmfeJYjynfolMum;rSmcGJjcm;apvdkwJhpdwfvHk;0r&Sdygbl;/ uRefrwdkYtck zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'udkb,fvdkyHkpHeJYjyifapcsifvJqdkwmudk wpfpdkufrwfrwfeJYajymjzpfcJhygw,f/w&m;Oya'abmiftwGif;u vTwfawmfenf;eJYjyifr,f/ uRefrwdkY EdkifiHrSmw&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;&Sdapcsifygw,f/ w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;&Sd apcsifw,f/aemufNyD;awmh uRefrwdk YEd kifiHud k tqifh jrif h jrif hEd kifiHa&;vkyf wJhE d ki fi H jzp fapcsi fw,f/ 'gaMumif huRe fru vTwfawmfwGi f;uaejyifqifapcsifw,fvdkYajymwmyg/ wu,fqdk&if vTwfawmf[mvnf;'DzGJUpnf;yHktajccHt& ay:aygufvmwJhvTwfawmfygyJ/

uRefrwdkY trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfudk pNyD;xlaxmifcJhwJh1988 ckESpfuwnf;u trsKd;om;&ifMum;apha&;udk uRefrwdkYa&SUwef;wifNy D;ajymcJ hygw,f/ 'DtrsK d ;om;&if Mum;apha&;qd kwmuvnf;tckqufNyD;vkyfoGm;&r,fhudpöyJ/ uRefrwdkYEdkifiHxJrSm nDñTwfrIr&SdvdkY&Sd&if'DEdkifiH[m wdk;wufrI&SdrSmr[kwfygbl;/ EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH&JUzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'qdkwm olUpum;udkaoaocsmcsmpOf;pm;&if EdkifiH&JU tajccHjzpf&ygr,f/ tajccH[mcdkifrmrS? tajccH[mrSefuefrS? EdkifiH[mvnf; cdkifrmNyD;awmh rSefrSefuefuefeJY &yfwnfEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/

uRefrwdkYtck 'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;twGuf vIyf&Sm;cJhwm qdkvdkY&Sd&iftESpfoHk;q,feD;yg;&SdoGm;ygNyD/ 'DtESpfoHk;q,feD;yg;rSm trsKd;rsKd;vnf;usrwdkYjzwfausmfcJhygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'Drdkua&pD&NyD vm;qdkawmhr&ao;ygbl;vdkYbJ uRefrwdkYajym&ygr,f/ 'geJYywfoufvdkY &Sd&if wpfcsKdUawGu'Drdkua&pDvrf;aMumif;ay:rSm rm;rm;rwfrwf avQmufaeMuygw,f/jyefNyD;awmhvSnfhp&mtaMumif;vnf; bmrSr&Sdygbl;/ wu,fhudk tm;vHk;uaetm;&Edkifygw,f/ tm;vHk;uae 'DudpöeJYywfoufvdkY ,HkMunfEdkifygw,fvdkY ajymaeygw,f/ usru awmh &Sif;&Sif;yJajymr,f/ 'Davmufawmif ,HkMunfapcsifvkdY&Sd&if ,HkMunfrIudkwnfaqmufzdkY t"dujzpfwJhzGJUpnf;yHktajccHjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udk bmjzpfvdk Yrvdkvm;vJqdkwmudkuRefruar;csifygw,f/

'DEdkifiH[m wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aygif;pHkeJYzGJUpnf;xm;wJh jynfaxmifpkwpfckjzpfw,f/ ppfrSefwJh'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpk? Nidrf;csrf;NyD;awmhnDñTwfwJh'Drd kua&pDjynfaxmifpkwpfck jzpfrSomvQif uRefrwdk Y[mom,m0ajymzG H U NzdK;wJ hEd kifiHwpfck jzpfEd kifygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dvd kudpöjzpfzdkYtwGuf uRefrwdkYEdkifiH&JUtem*wfudk b,fvdkwnfaqmufrvJqdkwm uRefrwdkYjynfolvlxkuaeNyD;awmh aemufqHk;usawmh qHk;jzwf&rSmu jynfolvlxkuqHk;jzwf&rSmyg/ udk,fvdkcsifwJhEdkifiHrsKd;yJ aemufqHk;usawmh udk,f&atmifvkyf ,l&rSmyg/ b,ftzGJUtpnf;udkrSvnf;tm;udk;aevdkYr&ygbl;/ b,fyk*¾dKvfudkrSvnf; tm;udk;aevdkYvnf;r& ygbl;/uRefrwdkYjynfolvlxktm;vHk;[m udk,fhudkudk,ftm;udk;wJhpdwfeJY qufNyD;awmh vkyfoGm;&rSmjzpfaMumif; ajymoGm;ygw,f/

oufxGef;vif;oufxGef;vif;oufxGef;vif;oufxGef;vif;oufxGef;vif;

Page 36: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

34

zdk;ausmhzd k;ausmhzd k;ausmhzd k;ausmhzd k;ausmh(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

,ci

ftyw

frS t

qu

f,

ciftyw

frS t

qu

f,

ciftyw

frS t

qu

f,

ciftyw

frS t

qu

f,

ciftyw

frS t

qu

f

uRefawmf pdwfnpfnpfeJY tcef;xJatmif;ae&w,f/ aeYv,fpmudktcef;xJrSm cifat;oleJYtwlpm;Muw,f/ cifat;oluvnf; olxrif;[if; aumif;aumif;csufwwfaeNyDqdkwJh taMumif;udkajymNyD; oludk,fwkdifcsufwJh xrif;[if;awGeJY auR;arG;jyKpk&Smw,f/ uRefawmfhudk ydefoGm;aMumif; pdwfcsrf;csrf;omomaezkdYtaMumif;? olwkdYtrsKd;awG[m qkd;qdk;aumif;aumif; wpfvifuaeaemufwpfvif ,lavh,lxr&SdMuaMumif;/orD;av;udkvnf; tm;vkH;0dkif;NyD;*½kpdkufMuaMumif;? orD;av;udk tpfudkYudk,fpm;ydkcspfae&aMumif; ajymjyw,f/

aemufwpfvif ,lavh,lxr&SdMuaMumif;? orD;av;udkvnf; tm;vkH;0dkif;NyD; *½kpdkufMuaMumif; orD;av;udktpfudkYudk,fpm; ydkcspfae&aMumif;ajymjyw,f/

cifat;olu tJovdkajymjyaecsdefrSm uRefawmfxGef;aZmfBuD; rsufESmudkjrifa,mifNyD; ]wuf} acgufvdkufrdw,f/ ]]ighb0udk zsufqD;cJhwJhtaumif? wpfaeYawmhawGUMuao;wmaygh}}vkdYBudrf;0g;NyD; rsuf&nfusawmh cifat;olu-

]]0rf;enf;p&mawGrajymygeJY a&mufwkef;a&mufcdkuf aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tifaeyg/ 'gawGarhxm;vdkufyg}} vkdYESpfodrfhpum;qdkw,f/

uRefawmfvnf; aeYcif;qdktay:xyfaevdkuf? nqdkatmuf qif;vdkufeJY cifat;olajymovdk rdom;pkwpfck&JU aysmf&TifrIokcudk cPawmhcHpm;&w,f/ 'gayrJhrMumygbl;/ tdrfay:rSmnaepmpm;aewkef; atmifNidrf;u uref;uwef;wufvmNyD;-

]]tpfudk atmufrSm&JawGa&mufaew,f}}vkdYvmajymw,f/xrif;r0cJhygbl;/ tdrfaemufab;uae a&ujyifudkwGJvGJcdkNyD; tdrf

atmufudk ckefcsxGufajy;vmcJh&w,f/ tcsdefu n&Spfem&DavmufrSmygyJ/&xm;toGm;tvmudk apmifhwJhvleJY vrf;oGm;vrf;vm vlrsm;udk

awGU&w,f/ uRefawmfblwmta&SUbufuaeauGUywfNyD; qefpufta[mif;BuD;ae&mu &xm;toGm;tvmudk apmifhMunfhaew,f/ vufxJrSm t0wfwpfpkHeJY aiGig;usyfyJygw,f/ cifat;olwkdYrdom;pkckae b,fvdkrsm;jzpfNyD; b,fvdkrsm;aeMuygvdrfhvkdYawG;NyD; rsuf&nfNzdKifNzdKifusrdw,f/uRefawmfeJYcyfvSrf;vSrf;rSmawmh vufESdyf"mwfrD;w0if;0if;eJY oGm;vmaeMuwmudk jrifae&w,f/ uRefawmfhudkvdkuf&SmaeMuw,f xifwmeJY rEÅav;bufudkOD;wnfNyD; &xm;oHvrf;ab;u awmvrf;twdkif;ajy;vmcJh&w,f/

zdeyfygrvmawmh ajcz0g;awGaygufNyJukefw,f/ okH;em&DeD;yg;cefYavQmufvmNyD; opfyifwpfyifatmufrSm cPem;w,f/ vrdkufnjzpfawmhtawmfarSmifw,f/ ESif;rIefazG;azG;eJY &xm;oHvrf;tajctaeudk tuJcwfMunfhae&w,f/ tajctaewpfpkHwpf&m xl;jcm;rIrjrif&wmeJY em&D0ufavmufem;NyD;rS c&D;qufxGufvmcJhw,f/ oHwHwm;wpfckem;a&mufawmh oHwHwm;atmufu ZvDzm;wkH;wpfwkH;ay:rSmxdkifNyD; &xm;tvmudkapmifhaerdw,f/ qufavQmufvkdYvnf;r&awmhbl;/ ajcaxmufu t&rf;udkemvmw,f/ 'Dvdk'ku©a&mufav xGef;aZmfBuD;udkowfcsifavyJ/

&xm;tvmudk &xm;oHvrf;atmufuaeNyD; em;axmif&w,f/oHvrf;eJY &xm;bD;yGwfwdkufoHudkMum;&rS 0rf;omtm;&oufrcsEdkif awmhw,f/ tJ'geJY&xm;oHvrf;ay: wufMunfh&w,f/ &xm;rD;udk rjrif&ao;bl;/ &xm;oHvrf;udk em;eJYuyfNyD; em;axmifMunfhawmh &xm;vmaewJhtoHudkMum;ae&w,f/ b,fuvmaevJqdkwm oJoJuGJuGJrod&ao;vkdYxdkifapmifhMunfhae&w,f/ rMumcif yef;NrdKUbufuvmaewJh &xm;rD;a&mifudkawGU&w,f/ tem;a&mufcgeD;awmh &xm;udkoJoJuGJuGJjrifvm&w,f/ ausmufrD;aoG;acgif;eJY ukefwGJjzpfaew,f/ &xm;u uRefawmfha&SU

jzwfwJhtxd cdkwufzkdYvufudkifwJhae&mudk &SmrawGUbl;/ aemufqkH; *wfAdkvfwGJem;a&mufawmhrS rD;a&mifteDav;em;u oHudkif;udk cdkwGJNyD;tay:udkwufvm&w,f/

txJudka&mufawmh *gwfAdkvfwpfa,mufeJY tjcm;vlwpfa,mufudkawGU&w,f/ jAKef;ceJqdkawmh uRefawmfhudkaMumifMunfhaeMuw,f/ qHyif&Snf&Snfvlu zdkoDzwfoDjzpfvmawmh *gwfAdkvfu-

]]rif; rif; b,fuvJ? b,fudkoGm;rvkdYvJ}} vkdYar;w,f/uRefawmf BudKwifpOf;pm;rvmbJ tBuHwpfck½kwfw&uf &vdkuf

w,f/ 'gvnf; rdrdwkdYywf0ef;usifrSm BuHKzl;? awGUzl;xm;wmaMumifhtodrygbJ EIwfutvdkvdkxGufoGm;w,f/ uRefawmfh udk,fudk vlqdk;p½dkuft&dyfpD;aevkdYxifwmyJ/

]]uRefawmf rEÅav;ujyeftvm ypönf;tvkcH&NyD; &xm;ay:uuefcsxm;cJhwm cHvdkuf&vdkYyg/ uRefawmf vlaumif;wpfa,mufygAsm?ulnDygtpfudk}} vkdY awmif;awmif;yefyefajymawmh *gwfAdkvfu-

]]b,fae&m 'Pf&m&oGm;vJ? tck rEÅav;jyefrSmvm;? rEÅav;b,ft&yfuvJ}} vkdY ar;w,f/

]]rE Åav;rsufyg ;&y f (35) vrf;r Sm aeygw,f}} qk d Ny D ;vdrfajymvdkuf&w,f/

uRefawmfu rEÅav;xd rvdkufao;aMumif;? ppfudkif;rSm qif;NyD;tpfudkwpfa,muftdrfudk 0if&OD;r,fjzpfaMumif; ajymjy&w,f/

tJ'DtcsdefrSm &xm;u a&Tbdkblwmudk 0ifvmw,f/ *gwfAdkvfua&TbdkrD;&xm;&Jpcef;rSm trIwdkifcsufzGifhcdkif;w,f/ uRefawmfu rzGifhawmhaMumif;/ oHo&m&SnfaeygOD;r,f/ rEÅav;rSm ausmif;wufaewmvkdY,kHavmufatmif vdrfajymvdkuf&w,f/

*gwfAdkvfu oleJYtwlygvmwJhvlBuD;udk uRefawmfeJY &xm;ay:rSmxm;cJ h NyD; xrif;csK dif hqGJtjynfhtjyif tydkxrif;xkyfwpfxkyfvnf;ygvmw,f/ uRefawmfhudk twif;auR;awmh uRefawmf vnf;qmqmeJY0ifpm;vdkuf&w,f/ aus;Zl;wifaMumif;vnf; tcgcg ajymvdkuf&w,f/olwkdYu tifrwef oabmaumif; Muw,f/

*gwfAdkvfBuD;eJY olYvlu xrif;pm;NyD; tcef;xJ0ifarS;aeMu w,f/uRefawmfvnf; tjyifvrf; oHydkufvkH;udkrSDNyD; pOf;pm;&if; vdkufygvmcJhw,f/ pOf;pm;&if;u b,favmufxd tdyfaysmfoGm;w,frodbl;/ yckH;udkifNyD;vIyfEId;vdkufrS Edk;vmw,f/ *gwfAdkvfBuD;u

]]ighwl rif;ppfudkif;rSm qif;OD;r,fqdk? ppfudkif;udka&mufNyDuG,fh}}vkdY ajymvmw,f/ rSefygw,f/ tjyifudkMunfhvdkufawmh ppfudkif;udk

a&mufaeNyD/ ppfudkif;NrdKUudk rD;a&mifpkHawGeJY xdefxdefvif;aewm jrif&awmhpdwfaomuawG oufomoGm;w,f/ 'gayrJh aysmfawmhraysmfEdkifygbl;/b0u0&rf;ajy;b0/ b,ftxdajy;ae&OD;r,fqdkwm rawG;&Javmufatmifjzpfaerdw,f/

'DtaMumif;udk pOf;pm;rdwdkif; xGef;aZmfBuD;udkawmh awGUwJhae&mrSmocsKØif;rqdkif;"m;rqdkif;bl;vkdY qkH;jzwfxm;vdkufw,f/ uRefawmf blwmpBuøtwdkif;avQmufvmw,f/ taemufbufqifajcavQm ukef;qif;uae pdefrsufvkH;wkdYtdrfudkvmcJhw,f/ reufav;em&DeD;yg;&SdaeNyD/ zdeyfurygawmh ajcaxmufuvnf; vrf;ravQmufcsifavmufatmif emae

w,f/ pdefrsufvkH;tdrfudka&mufawmh toHay;NyD;wHcg;zGifhcdkif;&w,f/pdefrsufvkH;taru wHcg;vmzGifhay;w,f/ uRefawmftdrfay:a&mufa&mufcsif; zsmwpfcsyfqGJNyD; yufvufvSefvSJcsvdkufw,f/ pdefrsufvkH;taru-

]]ighom;? b,fvdkrsm; jzpfvm&wmvJuG,f}}vkdY MunfhNyD; ar;w,f/ uRefawmf&JUjzpfaMumif;ukefpifudk tptqkH;

ajymjyvdkuf&w,f/ pdefrsufvkH;nDr ½lyguvnf; csufcsif;xvmNyD;uRefawmfajymjywmudk tem;uvmem;axmifaew,f/ uRefawmf pum;qkH;vkdY pdefrsufvkH;nDrtBuD;wpfa,mufudk tdrfrSmrawGUvkdY ar;MunfhawmhukefoG,fa&;u t&m&Sdwpfa,mufeJY tdrfaxmifusoGm;NyDvkdY ajymjyMuw,f/ pdefrsufvkH;vnf; c&D;xGufoGm;wm okH;av;&uf&SdNyD/ jyefa&mufrvmao;bl;ajymw,f/ uRefawmftdyfa&;ysufvmvkdY wpfa&;tdyfOD;r,fajymNyD; pdwfnpfnpfeJY zsmay:vSJtdyfaevdkufw,f/ ½lyguapmifeJYacgif;tkH;awG vmcsay;w,f/

reuf udk;em&DavmufrS tdyf&muEdk;vmw,f/ reufpmtwGufrkefYeJYvufzuf&nfudk ½lygucsKdifhqGJoGm;0,fay;w,f/ a&rdk;csKd;NyD; vufzuf&nfaomuf&i f ; uRe fawmfye f; Nr d K Uud kpma&;

w,f/ aps;ujyefvmwJh ½lygu uRefawmfBudKufwJh wkdY[l;wpfxkyfudkyef;uefjym;eJY vm

csay;w,f/ pdefrsufvkH;tarudkzdeyfwpf&efavmuf 0,fay;vkdY ajymawmh ½lygudkaiGxkwfay;NyD; olYtaru0,fcdkif;vdkufw,f/ aps;eJYtdrfu eD;eD;av;qdkawmh ½lygucsufcsif;yJ zdeyf

0,fNyD;jyefvmw,f/ uRefawmfhudk zdeyfvSrf;ay;&if;u-]]tpfudkwpfcgu ½lyghudkajymoGm;wm rSwfrdao;vm;}}vkdYar;vmw,f/]]tpfudku ½lygudk bmrsm;ajymrdygvdrfh? tpfudkawmh aumif;aumif;

rrSwfrdawmhbl;}}]]tpfudku ½lygwkdYudk rao&if jyefawGUcsifygao;w,fqkd}}]]at;avuG,f? ckvnf; wkdYarmifESrawG raovkdYjyefawGUMu&NyDyJ}}tyl½kyfudk[efvkyfNyD; ajymvdkuf&w,f/ ½lygrauseyfbl; qdkwmvnf;

odw,f/ 'gayrJh oli,fcsif;pdefrsufvkH;udk pnf;apmifh&r,fvdkY qkH;jzwfxm;w,f/ trSefu uRefawmfhb0rSm &SifvsufeJYaoolvdk jzpfaew,f/½lyg[m uRefawmfhtay:rSm [dkwkef;uyif pdwf0ifpm;aew,fqdkwm tuJcwfrdcJhw,f/ ½lyguRefawmfhudk oHa,mZOf&Sdaew,fqdkwmvnf; cifat;oleJY vufrxyfcifuwnf;u odaew,f/

'gayrJh ½lygudkvufxyfvdkuf&if pdefrsufvkH;eJYywfoufvmr,f/'Dawmh uRefawmfhb0u 'kp½dkufavmuxJu b,fvdkrS½kef;xGufEdkifrSmr[kwfawmhbl;/ tJ'gaMumifh cifat;oludkom a&G;cJhjcif;jzpfw,f/ 'gudkck½lyguodvsufeJY-

]]bm armifESrvJ? b*Fvm;armifESrvm;}}vkdYEIwfcrf;plajymNyD; cifat;olqDa&;xm;wJhpmudk twif; awmif;

Munfhw,f/ uRefawmfutwif;jyefvkNyD; tdwfxJxnfhxm;vdkuf&w,f/tJ'gudk pdwfqdk;NyD;tem;u aqmifhatmifhxGufoGm;w,f/

uRefawmf oufrtBudrfBudrfcsNyD; tdrfa&SUuGyfyspfu wrmyifudkrSDNyD;pdefrsufvkH;tar jrefjrefvmygapvdkYom qkawmif;aerdw,f/ uRefawmfhESvkH;om;xJrSm cifat;oluvGJNyD; b,frdef;uav; olpdrf;wpfa,mufudkrStpm;rxdk;csifbl;/ tpm;xdk;vdkYvnf;r&ygbl;/ orD;av;&JU rsufESmudkvnf;uRefawmfhrsufpdxJrSm tNrJjrifaerdw,f/

pdefrsufvkH;tar jyefvmawmh uRefawmfhtwGuf vkHcsnf? tusÐtopfwpfpkH0,fvmw,f/ vkHcsnfu csKyfNyD;om;qdkawmh csufcsif;yJqHyiftwkudkaumufpGyfNyD; ppfudkif;awmifajcu a&Tpnf;ckHbk&m;bufxGufvmw,f/ bk&m;&ifjyifay:u xkdifckHrSmwpfa,mufwnf;xdkifNyD;a&SUvkyf&r,fhvkyfief;pOfudk pdwful;eJYtuGufcs pDpOfaew,f/ pdefrsufvkH;uvnf; ay:rvmao;qdkawmh pdefrsufvkH;wkdYtdrfrSmae&wm ½lyghjyóem&Sdw,fvkdY tNrJawG;ae&w,f/ 'gaMumifh reufus&if rEÅav;udkjyefr,f/,rf;bDvl;eJY ppfudkif;rSmcsdef;xm;w,f/ aemuf&ufawGqHk&if ,rf;bDvl;uppfudkif;udk vdkufvmrSm/ rEÅav;rSm ig;&ufavmufawmh jyefaeOD;r,fqkH;jzwfNyD; tdrfjyefvmcJhw,f/

tdrfa&mufawmh reufpmrpm;Muao;bJ uRefawmfhudk apmifhaeMuwmawGU&w,f/ uRefawmfvnf; xrif;0dkif;0ifxdkifNyD; twlwl pm;vdkufMuw,f/ ½lygu rsufESmraumif;bl;/ uRefawmf xrif;pm;aomufNyD;tdrfa&SUcef;rSm r*¾Zif;wpftkyfMunfh&if; aq;vdyfxdkifzGmaew,f/ cPtMumrSm cifat;oltwGuf a&;xm;wJhpmudk pmwdkufuydkYzkdY pmwdkufbufxGufvmw,f/ pmxnfhNyD;tjyefrSm &xm;vufrSwf½Hk taemufbufacsmifusus wpfae&mrSm vufzuf&nf0ifaomufaew,f/ vufzuf&nf 0ifaomufaewkef; pdefrsufvkH;u jrif;vSnf;wpfpD;eJY qdkifa&SUa&mufvmNyD; qdkifxJ0ifvmw,f/ uRefawmfhudkolrjrifbl;/ jrifvkdYvnf; jAKef;ceJawmh olrrSwfrdEdkifbl;/ qdkift0if0eJY uRefawmfuab;wapmif;rSm xdkifaew,f/ pdefrsufvkH;u olYrsufrSefudkcRwfNyD; vufudkifyk0geJYokwfaew,f/yg;pyfuvnf; ]pGyf? eHjym;? rvdkif}qdkNyD; tpkHrSmaew,f/

uRefawmf½kwfw&ufxNyD; olxdkifwJhckHa&SUrSm 0ifxdkifvdkufw,f/NyD;cyfwnfwnfyJ vkyfaevdkufw,f/ yxrawmhpdefrsufvkH;u uRefawmfhudk aMumifNyD;Munfhaew,f/ aemufrS-

]]a[haumif zdk;ausmf? rif;b,fu vSnfhvmvJ? igawmh awmifNyHK;yGJoGm;aewm wpfywfavmufMumoGm;NyD}}

vkdY [uf[ufyufyuf ajymvmw,f/

Page 37: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

35

,ci

ftyw

frStquf

,ci

ftyw

frStquf

,ci

ftyw

frStquf

,ci

ftyw

frStquf

,ci

ftyw

frStquf

uRefawmfwkd Yvkd &efukefrSmaewJh yef;csDq&mawGtzkd Y BuHK&ifBuHKovkd0ifar;NyD; &wJhtxdoGm;awmif;&wm raxmif;omayr,fh e,fuaea&;NyD;vmawmif;&wJholawGtzkdY wpfacguf? ESpfacguf? ESpfacgufuoHk;acgufjzpfvmNyDqkd&ifawmh c&D;p&dwfeJYwif &r,fhydkufqHu ukefoavmufjzpfNyDaygh/ tJovkd e,fuae ykdufqHvmxkwf&wJhtxJrSmuRefawmfhq&mygaeygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u q&mu &efukefa&muf&ifuRefawmfhtdrfukd0ifaeus? yxrwpfacguf ESpfacgufrSm bmrSrajymayr,fh aemufykdif;usawmh yk*Hyef;csDum;a&;ctaMumif;ajym&if; olr&ao;wJhtaMumif;ajymygw,f/ aemufoGm;xkwfzkdY uRefawmfhukd tazmfac:wmaMumifh uRefawmfuvnf; &ufcsdef;ray;vdkufygbl;/ aemufav;ig;ajcmufv wpfBudrfavmufa&mufa&mufvmNyD; uRefawmfhukdtazmfac:NyD; oGm;xkwfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh a&SUtacgufawGvkdyJ &vnf;r&? &ufcsdef;vnf;ray;aygh/ tckwpfacgufray;Ekdifawmif b,f&ufqkd

&ifawmh xkwfvkdY&r,favmufawmh &ufcsdef;ay;oifhwmaygh/ 'gayr,fhxHk;pHtwkdif; &ufcsdef;awmifray;ygbl;/ uRefawmfhqD av;cgufajrmufvmwJhtcsdefrSmawmh q&mu tJ'DykdufqHtaMumif; rajymawmhygbl;/'geJY uRefawmfu &NyD;NyDvm;vkdYar;awmh &SufvkdY oGm;rawmif;awmhbl;wJh/ uJ b,fES,fhvkyfrvJ/ tawmif;cH&wJhtzGJUtpnf;BuD;u yk*¾dKvfawGur&SufbJ awmif;wJhyef;csDq&muawmif&SufowJh/ 'geJY q&m&,f'g aemufqHk;tacgufyJ 'DwpfacgufrSr&&if a&pufomcsvdkufawmhqkdNyD;q&mhukdac:NyD; tpnf;t½Hk;bufukdxGufcJhygw,f/ 'gawmif q&murvdkufcsifvdkufcsifeJYvdkufvmygw,f/ tpnf;t½Hk;tay:xyfa&mufawmhyk*Hyef;csDum;udpö aiGvmxkwfwmjzpfwJhtaMumif;ajymawmh aiGxkwfay;wm 'Dtay:xyfrSmr[kwfwJhtaMumif; atmufxyfrSmoGm;xkwf&rSmjzpfwJhtaMumif;ajymygw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u atmufxyfrSm ½Hk;cef;wpfcef;&Sdygao;w,f/ 'geJY atmufxyfukdqif;NyD;ajymawmh tay:xyfrSmwJh/tay:xyfeJYatmufxyfukdvTJcsaeMuao;w,f/ 'geJY tay:xyfukd aemuf

wpfacgufxyfwufNyD;atmufxyfu tay:xyfuk dvTwfvd kufwJ hta Mumi f ; ? tc kvmxkwfwm e,fujzp fw J hta Mumi f ; ?toufBuD;NyD jzpfwJhtwGuf tay:wufvdkuf? atmufqif;

vdkuf tBudrfBudrfrvkyfEkdifaMumif;? aiGxkwfzkd Y b,fae&mrSmxkwf&r,fqkdwm taotcsmajymapcsifaMumif;ajymygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmuRefawmf awmfawmfa'goxGufaeygNyD/ touft&G,fBuD;NyDjzpfwJh q&mhukdMunfhNyD; uRefawmfawmfawmfpdwfraumif;vnf;jzpfrdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh'DaeYxkwfay;&if vnf;ay;? ray;Ekdifao;&ifvnf; &ufcsdef;twdtusajymapcsifaMumif;? tck[m yef;csDq&mwpfa,mufukd ig;aomif;? q,fa,mufqkd ig;odef;? tckyk*Hyef;csDum;a&;cykdufqHr&Muao;wm awmfawmfrsm;rsm; usefao;aMumif;? 'DaiGawGukd aiGwkd;ay;pm;&ifawmif&wJhtwkd;eJYay;&if&ae avmufNyDvkdYajymvdkufawmhrS uRefawmf awmfawmfa'gojzpfaeNyDqkdwm odawmhrS wpfa,mufu 'DrSmvmxkwfygvkdYajymNyD;xkwfay;vdkufygw,f/ (a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)

12 Budrfajrmufpme,fZif; o½kyfazmfyef;csDq&mrsm; yef;csDjyyGJudk AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;aps;? ta&SUbufwef;rSm&SdwJh jrefrmEkdifiHyef;csD?yef;yktpnf;t½Hk;ye f ;c s D jyce f ;r Sm(5?6?2014)&ufuae(10?6?

2014)&uftxd cif;usif;jyoMurSmjzpfygw,f/ 'DjyyGJudk yg0ifjyoMur,fhpme,fZif;o½kyfazmfyef;csDq&mrsm;taeeJY 2ay?3ayxufrBuD;wJh yef;csDum;(2)csyfudk (4?6?2014)&uf?rGef;wnfh (12)em&DxufaemufrusapbJyef;csD?yef;yktpnf;t½Hk;(A[dk)yef;csDjycef;udk csdwfqGJ&eftoifhtaetxm;eJYay;ydkYMu&rSmjzpfNyD; a&mif;&aiG&JU (30)&mcdkifEIef;udk yef;csDq&mBuD; OD;aomif;[eftm; uefawmhMuzkdYpDpOfxm;w,fvdkY jyyGJpDpOfolrsm;u qdkygw,f/

jyyGJzGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmh wevFmaeYuvGJvdkY aeYpOfeHeuf (9)em&Duae nae(5)em&Dtxdjzpfygw,f/ HTA

12 Budrfajrmufpme,fZif;o½kyfazmfyef;csDq&mrsm; yef;csDjyyGJ

pme,fZif;yef;csDq&mrsm;jzpfMuwJh yef;cs DwifxGPf;?cd kifwif?eDwGwf?armifjrifhvGif?rarT;?armifausm fp d k ;oefYZif?armifaeMunf?aZmfñGef Yaz?udkud k jrif hpwJh yef;cs Dq&mrsm;pkpnf;xm;wJh Travel-lers on the ColourfulPages tzGJU&JU A Tripto Duya vdk Y trnf

ay;xm;wJh yef;csDjyyGJudk (26?5? 2014)&ufuae(30?5?2014)&uftxdtrSwf(62-yxrxyf)?yef;qdk;wef;vrf;(atmufbavmuf)? ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f?&efukefNrdKUrSm&SdwJh avmuewfyef;csDjycef;rSm cif;usif;jyoMurSmjzpfygw,f/

jycef;zGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmh aeYpOfeHeuf(9)em&Duae nae(5)em&Dtxdjzpfygw,f/ HTA

Travellers on the Colourful PagestzGJY&JY A Trip to Duya yef;csDjyyGJ

yef;cs Dz d k ;pe f;& J U' kwd,tBudrf wpfud k,fawmfyef;cs D jyyG JjzpfwJh How we liveon earth vdkY trnfay;xm;wJhyef;csDjyyGJudk(19?5?2014) &ufuae (24?5?2014) &uftxdtrSwf(62-yxrxyf)? yef;qdk;wef;

vrf;(atmufbavmuf)?ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f?&efukefNrdKUrSm zGifhvSpfxm;wJh avmuewfyef;csDjycef;rSm cif;usif;jyorSmjzpfygw,f/

jycef;zGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmh aeYpOfeHeuf(9)em&Duae nae(5)em&Dtxd jzpfygw,f/ HTA

yef;csDzdk;pef;&JY 'kwd,tBudrf wpfudk,fawmfHow we live on earth yef;csDjyyGJ

yef ;cs D rs K d ;oef Yatmif(MT.oung) wpfud k, fawm fyef;csDjyyGJudk trSwf(70)?ewfarmufvrf;oG,f(1)?A[ef;NrdKUe,f?&efukefNrdKUrSm zGifhvSpfxm;wJh A[ef;tEkynmjycef;rSm(20?5?2014)&ufuae (19?6?2014)&uftxd cif;usif;jyoxm;rSmjzpfygw,f/

jycef;zGifhvSpfjyocsdef uawmh pae?we*FaEGeJY txl;½Hk;ydwf&ufrsm;uvGJvdkY aeYpOfeHeuf(10)em&Du nae(5)em&D

txd jzpfygw,f/ HTA

yef;csDrsKd;oefhatmif wpfudk,fawmfyef;csDjyyGJ'*kHNrdKUopf ajrmufykdif; NrdKU

e,fu yef;csDq&mrsm;jzpfMuwJhyef;csDjraomif;?okckrtkef;cif?rmefx,fwefcsKH;?apmwifarmif?usKdufvwf0if;armif?MunfaZmf?H-jrifhoef;?xGef;ausmf?rif;okdufjrifhatmif?vSbkef;atmif?A*sDvif;0PÖ?atmifEkdif?oef;ausmfa|;?KaxG;?&Jatmifjrwf?ausmfaZ,smS rkd; Zuf?jrwfacgif?0if;rif;?ql;xufatmif?ukdvwf?orD;raemfuJ'l;?EkEk?jrwfukd?a&Todef;?eE´?aumif;ausmfcdkif?0if;ykdif?zkd;pwkdYpkpnf;jyowJh OwÅ&avn§if;

yef;csDjyyGJukd AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;aps;? ta&SUbufwef;rSm&SdwJh jrefrmEkdifiHyef;csDyef;yktpnf;t½kH;yef;csDjycef;rSm 22-5-2014 &ufuae 27-5-2014 &uftxd cif;usif;jyorSm jzpfygw,f/

tckjyowJh Owå&avn§if;yef;csDjyyGJ[m '*HkNrdKUopfajrmufydkif; NrdKUe,fyef;csDyef;yktpnf;t½Hk;&JU 'kwd,tBudrfajrmufjyowJh yGJjzpfNyD; jycef;zGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmh wevFmaeYuvGJvdkY aeYpOf eHeuf(9)em&Duae nae(5)em&Dtxdjzpfygw,f/ HTA

'kwd,tBudrf OwÅ&avn§if;yef;csDjyyGJ

yef;csDatmifodef;(&efuif;)?b0if;?[efxGef;atmif?vSjrifh?vSodef;atmif?vSwifxGef;?aumif;pH?ausmfjzLpH?Munf0if;(&efuif;)?jraomif;?armifarmifodr f;(y kodr f)?jynfpd k; jrif h?apmvdIif?oef;vS?oef;0if;?oef;0if;xGef;?

odef;ausmf?oufñGefY?aZmf0if;vdIif?cdkifoif;wm?aexGef;wdkY pkpnf;jyowJhRiver Ayeyarwaddy yef;csDjycef;&JU 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf yef;csDjyyGJudktrSwf(134)?35vrf;(tv,fbavmuf)? ausmufwHwm;NrdKUe,f?&efukefNrdKUrSm zGifhvSpfxm;wJh River Ayeyarwaddy yef;csDjycef;rSm (24?5?2014)&ufuae (31?5?2014)&uftxd cif;usif;jyoxm;rSmjzpfygw,f/

jycef;zGif hvSpfcs defuawmh aeYpOfeHeuf(9)em&Duae nae(5)em&Dtxdyg/ HTA

River Ayeyarwaddy yef;csDjycef;&JY2nd Group Show 2014

(a&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&ef)(a&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&ef)

,ciftywfrStquf

tcef;qufuAsm&Snf

ighpkAl; tykdif;(86)

atmifcsdrf h atmifcsdrf h atmifcsdrf h atmifcsdrf h atmifcsdrf h

20 . 5 .2014t*FgaeYwpf&ufawmhigtouf&SifcJhNyD;ygNyD /

aoG;w&Sdef&SdefeJYacsmif;w[Gwf[GwfeJYwpf&ufawmhightouf&SifcJhNyD;ygNyD/ /

Page 38: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

36

xkdif;EkdifiH jrefrmtvkyform;rsm;twGuf tmrcHcsufr&Sd[kqkdxkdif;EkdifiH r[mcsKdifa'owGif rdom;pkESifhtwl

½kef;uefae&&Smaom jrefrmvli,fwpfOD;tm; vQyfwpfjyufuawGUqkH&mwGif xkdokdYxkwfazmfajymMum;vkdufjcif;jzpfonf/

om;emrnf b,fvdkac:vJ/om;emrnf b,fvdkac:vJ/om;emrnf b,fvdkac:vJ/om;emrnf b,fvdkac:vJ/om;emrnf b,fvdkac:vJ/vSjrifharmifvdkYac:ygw,f/'Dukd b,fwkef;ua&mufovJ/'Dukd b,fwkef;ua&mufovJ/'Dukd b,fwkef;ua&mufovJ/'Dukd b,fwkef;ua&mufovJ/'Dukd b,fwkef;ua&mufovJ/'Dukd (1998) ckESpfu a&mufygw,f/b,fvrf;u vmovJ/ atmufvrf;uvm;/b,fvrf;u vmovJ/ atmufvrf;uvm;/b,fvrf;u vmovJ/ atmufvrf;uvm;/b,fvrf;u vmovJ/ atmufvrf;uvm;/b,fvrf;u vmovJ/ atmufvrf;uvm;/ajym&r,fqdk&ifawmh &aemif;vrf;u vmwm

aygh/tJonfhwkef;u w&m;r0ifvmcJhwmvm;/tJonfhwkef;u w&m;r0ifvmcJhwmvm;/tJonfhwkef;u w&m;r0ifvmcJhwmvm;/tJonfhwkef;u w&m;r0ifvmcJhwmvm;/tJonfhwkef;u w&m;r0ifvmcJhwmvm;/tJonfhwkef;uawmh w&m;r0ifvmcJhwmyg/b,ftcsdefrSm w&m;0ifoGm;vJ/b,ftcsdefrSm w&m;0ifoGm;vJ/b,ftcsdefrSm w&m;0ifoGm;vJ/b,ftcsdefrSm w&m;0ifoGm;vJ/b,ftcsdefrSm w&m;0ifoGm;vJ/tckqdk&if ywfpfykdYawGvkyfNyD;aemufykdif; w&m;0if

oGm;w,f/a&mufa&mufcsif; 'DrSmbmtvkyfvkyf&ovJ/a&mufa&mufcsif; 'DrSmbmtvkyfvkyf&ovJ/a&mufa&mufcsif; 'DrSmbmtvkyfvkyf&ovJ/a&mufa&mufcsif; 'DrSmbmtvkyfvkyf&ovJ/a&mufa&mufcsif; 'DrSmbmtvkyfvkyf&ovJ/'DrSma&mufa&mufcsif;uawmh uGsefawmf tvkyftpHkvkyf&w,f/ avSvnf;vkdufw,f/ vkyfief;awGvnf;

vkyf&ygw,f/wjcm;bmtcuftcJawG½SdovJ/ 'DrSmae&wJhumvawGrSmaygh/wjcm;bmtcuftcJawG½SdovJ/ 'DrSmae&wJhumvawGrSmaygh/wjcm;bmtcuftcJawG½SdovJ/ 'DrSmae&wJhumvawGrSmaygh/wjcm;bmtcuftcJawG½SdovJ/ 'DrSmae&wJhumvawGrSmaygh/wjcm;bmtcuftcJawG½SdovJ/ 'DrSmae&wJhumvawGrSmaygh/tcuftcJawGuawmh 'DbufrSmuawmh ajymr,fqdk&if tckaemufykdif;aygh/ t&ifwkef;uawmh 'DvdkyJ

vkyfvdkufpm;vdkufyJ uGsefawmfwdkYjzpfaew,f/ tckaemufykdif;rSm tcuftcJawGjzpfwmuawmh olrsm;EdkifiHom;awG,kwfrmwm&,f? 'DykvdyfawGuvnf; ywfpykdYawG½Sd&JUom;eJY vkdufNyD; zrf;qD;wmawGaygh/ 'DvdkawGjzpfvmw,f/ tJ'gawG rsm;jym;vmw,f/

owif;awGt&qdk&if 'Dr[mcs d Ki fr Sm½S dwJ htvkyform;awGu awmfawmf'ku©a&mufw,fqd k Ny D;owif;awGt&qdk&if 'Dr[mcs d Ki fr Sm½S dwJ htvkyform;awGu awmfawmf'ku©a&mufw,fqd k Ny D;owif;awGt&qdk&if 'Dr[mcs d Ki fr Sm½S dwJ htvkyform;awGu awmfawmf'ku©a&mufw,fqd k Ny D;owif;awGt&qdk&if 'Dr[mcs d Ki fr Sm½S dwJ htvkyform;awGu awmfawmf'ku©a&mufw,fqd k Ny D;owif;awGt&qdk&if 'Dr[mcs d Ki fr Sm½S dwJ htvkyform;awGu awmfawmf'ku©a&mufw,fqd k Ny D;Mum;&w,fav/ b,fvdk'ku©awGeJY &ifqdkifMu&ovJ/Mum;&w,fav/ b,fvdk'ku©awGeJY &ifqdkifMu&ovJ/Mum;&w,fav/ b,fvdk'ku©awGeJY &ifqdkifMu&ovJ/Mum;&w,fav/ b,fvdk'ku©awGeJY &ifqdkifMu&ovJ/Mum;&w,fav/ b,fvdk'ku©awGeJY &ifqdkifMu&ovJ/

b,fvdk'ku©awGeJY &ifqdkifMu&vJqdkawmh 'Dvdkaygh/ tcktcsdefrSm ywfpfykdYawGuvnf; oufwrf;awGvdkvmNyDqdkawmh wcsdKUtvkyf½SifawGu bmrSvnf;tvkyftukdifrjzpfbJeJYaygh/ uGsefawmfh½HkrSmvnf; 'DvdkyJ/

tckvuf½SdbmvkyfaevJ/tckvuf½SdbmvkyfaevJ/tckvuf½SdbmvkyfaevJ/tckvuf½SdbmvkyfaevJ/tckvuf½SdbmvkyfaevJ/tck uGsefawmf 0g;ckwfaew,f/ uGsefawmfh vyfuD;rSmqdk&if tvkyform;awGtay: olwdkYu enf;enf;Edkifh

xufpD;eif;csifwJhoabm½Sdw,f/ olaX;awGaumif;&ifvnf; 0efxrf;awGtkyfcsKyfaewJholawGu Edkifwm½Sdw,f/bmvlrsdK;vJ/bmvlrsdK;vJ/bmvlrsdK;vJ/bmvlrsdK;vJ/bmvlrsdK;vJ/ArmyJ/tkyfcsKyfwJh0efxrf;awGua&m/tkyfcsKyfwJh0efxrf;awGua&m/tkyfcsKyfwJh0efxrf;awGua&m/tkyfcsKyfwJh0efxrf;awGua&m/tkyfcsKyfwJh0efxrf;awGua&m/½Srf;yJ/

xkdif;EkdifiHr[mcsKdifrS jrefrmrsm; ywfpfykdYoufwrf;ukefqkH;awmhrnfjzpfjcif;aMumifh pkd;&drfruif;jzpfaeMu

r[mcsKdif ar 17r[mcsKdif ar 17r[mcsKdif ar 17r[mcsKdif ar 17r[mcsKdif ar 17xkdif;EkdifiH r[mcsKdifa'owGif

tvkyfvkyfudkifaeMuaom jrefrmrsm;onf ¤if;wkdYukdifaqmifxm;aom jrefrmywfpfykdYrsm; oufwrf;ukefqk H;&ef vyd kif;omvkdawmhonfhtwGuf xkdif;tpkd;&bufrSoufwrf;wkd;ay;&ef r&Sdawmh[kowif;rsm;xGufay:aejcif;tay:pk d;&drfruif;jzpfaeMu&aMumif;olwkdYawG\ tcuftcJukd jrefrm

tpkd;&ukd odatmifajymay;apvdkaMumif; vQyfwpfjyufokdY xkwfazmfajymMum;cJhonf/ xkdif;EkdifiHr[mcsKdifa'oonf jrefrmtvkyform;trsm;pkaexkdifvsuf&SdNyD; w&m;0ifaexkdif olrsm;&Sdovkd w&m;r0ifaexkdifvkyfudkifaeolrsm;vnf; trsm;tjym;awGU&Sd&onf/

Photo- MK MEDIA

THAI MODEL DANCER rsm;onfynmwwfbGJY&rsm;jzpfaMumif; *RefvGifrS xkwfazmfajymMum;

THAI MODEL DANCER rsm;ESifh jrefrmjynfwGif ukefypönf;ta&mif;jr§ifhwifyGJrsm; jyKvkyf&mwGifemrnfBuD;aom *RefvGifukd vQyfwpfjyufu ar;jref;&mwGif THAI MODEL DANCER rsm;onf ynmwwfbGJU&rsm;jzpfaMumif; xkdif;½kd;&mtursm;ukdvnf; oifMum;Mu&aMumif; DANCE STUDIO rsm;wGif pepfwusoif,lMu&olrsm;jzpfaMumif;? THAI MODEL rsm;ukd iSg;&rf;tokH;jyK&mwGif a':vm 300 rS 800 tMum;om&SdaMumif; yGJtajctaeukd Munhfíay;&aMumif; THAI MODEL rsm;onf olwkdYwm0ef olwdkYaus>yefatmifvkyfaqmifolrsm; jzpfí cdkif;&onfrSm wefaMumif; olUwkdYukd r, aep&mvnf; rvkdaMumif; ½Iyf½Iyf&Suf&Sufvnf;r&SdaMumif; &efukefoBuFefwGif GRAND ROYAL y½kdrkd;&Sif;tjzpf THAI MODEL rsm;iSg;&rf;tokH;jyK&mwGify&dowf wpfodef;&Spfaomif;ausmftm;ay;MuonfrSm atmifjrifrIjzpfaMumif; xkwfazmfajymMum;cJhonf/

Photo- Nyi Nyi Lwin

xkdif;EkdifiH r[mcsKdifwGif Work Permit ESifhvkyfukdifaeaom jrefrmrsm;ukd xkdif;&Ju aiGrn§pf

xkdif;EkdifiH r[mcsKdifa'owGif jrefrmEkdifiHomoemhEk*¾[tzGJU(A[kd) rS w&m;yGJusif;ycJh&m jrefrmtrsKd;orD;rcif0if;MuLESifh vQyfwpfjyufrS awGUqkH&mwGif xkdodkYMum;odcJh&jcif;jzpfonf/

emrnfuemrnfuemrnfuemrnfuemrnfurcifvSMuLyg/b,fwkef;u a&mufovJ/b,fwkef;u a&mufovJ/b,fwkef;u a&mufovJ/b,fwkef;u a&mufovJ/b,fwkef;u a&mufovJ/orD;'Dukda&mufwm (2003)? (2004) ckESpfavmuf

rSm 'Dukda&mufwm/b,fvrf;uaevmovJ/b,fvrf;uaevmovJ/b,fvrf;uaevmovJ/b,fvrf;uaevmovJ/b,fvrf;uaevmovJ/orD;wdkYu 'DrJaqmufuae w&m;0ifvmwm/w&m;0ifvmw,fqdkawmh 'DrSmtvkyftukdif&r,fw&m;0ifvmw,fqdkawmh 'DrSmtvkyftukdif&r,fw&m;0ifvmw,fqdkawmh 'DrSmtvkyftukdif&r,fw&m;0ifvmw,fqdkawmh 'DrSmtvkyftukdif&r,fw&m;0ifvmw,fqdkawmh 'DrSmtvkyftukdif&r,f

qdkNyD; tJonfvdkvmwmvm;/qdkNyD; tJonfvdkvmwmvm;/qdkNyD; tJonfvdkvmwmvm;/qdkNyD; tJonfvdkvmwmvm;/qdkNyD; tJonfvdkvmwmvm;/orD;wdkYu jrefrmjynfrSmaeuwnf;u q,fESpfavmuf pufcsKyfvmwm/ 'DrSmvnf; aumif;w,fqkdawmh

nDrwdkYt&if 'DrJaqmufukd vmvdkufw,f/ av;ESpfavmufaeNyD;awmhrS befaumufukdwufvmwm/w&m;0if at;*sif heJ Yvmwmvm;/w&m;0if at;*sif heJ Yvmwmvm;/w&m;0if at;*sif heJ Yvmwmvm;/w&m;0if at;*sif heJ Yvmwmvm;/w&m;0if at;*sif heJ Yvmwmvm;/b,fvdkac:rvJqdkawmh oli,fcsif;tquftoG,feJYyJ wufvmwmyJ/ orD;wdkYpuf½Hkuae atupH

qdkwm½Sdw,fav/ tJonfh atupHuae orD;wdkYukdac:wmyg/ 'DrSmpufcsKyfzdkYaygh/b,fESa,mufvmMuvJ/b,fESa,mufvmMuvJ/b,fESa,mufvmMuvJ/b,fESa,mufvmMuvJ/b,fESa,mufvmMuvJ/orD;wdkYtm;vHk; (11) a,mufvmwm/rdef;uav;awGcsnf;yJvm;/rdef;uav;awGcsnf;yJvm;/rdef;uav;awGcsnf;yJvm;/rdef;uav;awGcsnf;yJvm;/rdef;uav;awGcsnf;yJvm;/rdef;uav;ESpfa,mufyJygw,f/ usefwm a,mufsm;av;awGcsnf;yJ/orD;uaum/orD;uaum/orD;uaum/orD;uaum/orD;uaum/orD;u wGHaw;uygyJ/vmwkef;u toufb,favmufvJ/vmwkef;u toufb,favmufvJ/vmwkef;u toufb,favmufvJ/vmwkef;u toufb,favmufvJ/vmwkef;u toufb,favmufvJ/tJonfwkef;u vmwkef;u touf(40)aygh/uav;awGa&m b,favmuf½SdvJ/uav;awGa&m b,favmuf½SdvJ/uav;awGa&m b,favmuf½SdvJ/uav;awGa&m b,favmuf½SdvJ/uav;awGa&m b,favmuf½SdvJ/orD;u uav;r½Sdbl;/a,mufsm;aum/a,mufsm;aum/a,mufsm;aum/a,mufsm;aum/a,mufsm;aum/a,mufsm;vnf; r½Sdbl;/aMomf pGef YpGef Ypm;pm;vmwmaygh/ wGHaw; b,fem;rSmaeovJ/aMomf pGef YpGef Ypm;pm;vmwmaygh/ wGHaw; b,fem;rSmaeovJ/aMomf pGef YpGef Ypm;pm;vmwmaygh/ wGHaw; b,fem;rSmaeovJ/aMomf pGef YpGef Ypm;pm;vmwmaygh/ wGHaw; b,fem;rSmaeovJ/aMomf pGef YpGef Ypm;pm;vmwmaygh/ wGHaw; b,fem;rSmaeovJ/orD;u wGHaw;? uGsef;awm (4) vrf;yg/

(pmrsufESm 26 okd Y)(pmrsufESm 26 okd Y)(pmrsufESm 26 okd Y)(pmrsufESm 26 okd Y)(pmrsufESm 26 okd Y)

(pmrsufESm 26 okd Y)(pmrsufESm 26 okd Y)(pmrsufESm 26 okd Y)(pmrsufESm 26 okd Y)(pmrsufESm 26 okd Y)

Page 39: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

C

t,k'¨, ar 192014 ar 19 &uf eHeufykdif;u xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd r[mcsLvmavmifuGef t,k'¨, Ak'¨wuúodkvfrS tbd"Zo'´r®aZmwdu o'´EÅt&Sifynm'Dy

usKdufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfbk&m;tm; *kPfjyKylaZmfyGJwpf&yfusif;ycJhonf/ xkdokdY usKdufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfbk&m;tm; *kPfjyKylaZmf&jcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í r[mcsLvmavmifuGef t,k'¨, Ak'¨wuúokdvfrS ygarmu©q&mawmfu avQmufxm;&mwGif

]]bGJUESif;obifay;tyfwJhtaMumif;uawmh &nf½G,fcsuf ESpfcsuf½Sdygw,f/ eHygwfwpfuawmh jrefrmEdkifiHawmfu q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ukda'gufwmbGJUay;tyftaMumif;yg/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ oHCr[mem,uukd a'gufwmbGJUay;&ovJvdkYajymvdkY½Sd&ifwJhbk&m;½Sifvufxufu {w'*fbGJUawG&cJhzl;wm½Sdygw,f/ tckvnf; q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;ukd y&d,wÅdeJYywfoufNyD; ynmawmfukd csD;jrSifhjcif;jzpfygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkY 'Da'gufwmbGJUukday;tyfygw,f/

eHygwfESpftaMumif;&if;uawmh ckeuawmh y&d,wÅd/ aemufwpfcku y#dywÅd/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmfrSm y&d,wÅdeJYywfoufNyD;? y#dywÅdeJYywfoufNyD;trsm;BuD;yJ pnf;urf;½Sdw,f? aumif;w,f/ tJ'gvnf; taMumif;wpf&yftaeeJYay;tyfjcif;jzpfygw,fwJh/ ESpf (400)ausmfwkef;u oD&dvuFmEdkifiHrSmomomemawmfxGef;um;ovdk jrefrmEdkifiHrSmvnf; omoemawmfxGef;um;wJhtwGufaMumifh 'DbGJUukday;tyfjcif;jzpfygw,fwJh/ a'gufwmb'´EÅukrm&ukd usdKufxD;aqmif;q&mawmfeJYtwl ay;tyfjcif;jzpfygw,f/ t*¾r[mo'¨r®aZmwdu"Z bGJUay;tyfovdk xdkif;EdkifiHrSmvnf; rSwfwrf;wifbGJUay;tyfjcif;jzpfygw,f/ tJ'gukd wifjyvdkygw,f/

eHygwfoHk;taMumif;&if;u pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;Oya't& a'gufwmbGJUay;tyfjcif; jzpfygw,f/ a'gufwmbGJU b,fuaepay;ovJqdkawmh (1440) jynfhESpfut*FvefEdkifiH?atmufpzdkYwuúodkvfupNyD; ay;tyfjcif;jzpfygw,f/ a'gufwmbGJUay;tyfjcif;u bkef;BuD;awGaum vlawGyg a'gufwmbGJUuae oHk;bGJUay;Edkifygw,f/a'gufwmbGJU&w,fqdkwm wpfurÇmvHk;uvufcHwJhwuúodkvfu ay;tyfwJha'gufwmbGJUvnf; jzpf&ygw,f/ tckvnf; urÇmuvufcHwJhwuúodkvfjzpfwJhtwGufaMumifh 'Da'gufwmbGJUukd uyf&jcif;jzpfygw,f/

Photo - MK Media

pm-(32)odkY

Page 40: Snap Shot Vol 4 No 83

pm-(19)odkY