RUHLMANN Laurent

Birth year: 11/11/1967, at Besançon (France)

Nationality: French

Phone: 00-33-(0)3 68 85 14 15 / 00-33-(0)6 99 88 71 57

Fax: 00-33-(0) 3 68 85 14 31

Position: Professor, permanent staff

Université de Strasbourg

Institut de Chimie – UMR 7177

Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du

Corps Solide

CS 90032

F-67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.

Email: lruhlmann@unistra.fr

Skills:

(a) Expert with porphyrin and polyoxometalate chemistry as well as formation of hybrid

organic – inorganic chromophore(s) – polyoxometalate complexes. (b) Expert with

photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. (c) Expert with the electrochemical techniques:

coulometry - and exhaustive electrochemical synthesis (preparative electrochemistry) -

polarography, spectroeletrochemistry, cyclic and stationary voltammetry, etc… (d) Expert

with purification, characterization and studies of organic and inorganic compounds (UV-vis,

IR, Fluorescence, photochemistry and paramagnetic and diamagnetic NMR techniques). (e)

Familiar with ESR, photochemical and magnetic studies. (f) Teaching undergraduate courses

in electrochemistry and general chemistry.

Research:

The main goal of my research developed at the Chemical Physics Laboratory is to

obtain organic hybrids of polyoxometalates (POMs) and porphyrins — molecules as

well as polymeric materials — able to photocatalytically reduce metal cations or NOx.

In these hybrid systems, the porphyrin sub-units will be used as photosensitizers

capable of delivering electrons to the strongly oxidant POMs under light irradiation.

The reduced POMs can then catalyze reductions, e. g. the reduction of the NOx or of

the heavy metal cations Mn+. The porphyrins can be regenerated in the presence of a

sacrificial electron donor.

• Our first objective is to prepare and characterize POM-porphyrin model

compounds helping understand and predict the characteristics required for good

photocatalytic properties. Several types of POM/porphyrin have been introduced

(Figure 1).

2

Figure 2. Mechanisms for the photoreduction of silver ions by the

use of the porphyrin-POM complexes.

Figure 1. Porphyrin(s) – polyoxometalate complexes obtained via coordination.

• The second objective is the formation of electrostatic porphyrins/POM complexes

in solution from tetracationic porphyrin and polyanion (Scheme 1).

Scheme 1. Representation of A) ZnOEP(py)4

4+, B) ZnTMePyP4+, C) Co4POM16-, and D) [P2W18O62]6-.

Then, visible light-induced reduction

of metal cations such as Ag(I) (Figure

2), Hg (II), Cd (II), Cr (VI), As (III/V)),

as well as noble metals with limited

resources (Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(II)...), and

NOx under aerobic and anaerobic

conditions is pursued.

The main rationale for using these

porphyrin(s) - polyoxometalate

complexes is the possibility to carry out

photocatalysis with visible radiation,

contrary to polyoxometalates only.

Indeed, porphyrins are photosensitizers

capable of giving electrons to

polyoxometalates after excitation, both

through space and through bonds. The

complexes are especially attractive,

because photocatalysis could proceed

with solar radiation.

N

HNN

NHN

HNN

NH

3

Previous experiments conducted using electrostatic porphyrins/POM complexes in

solution, have already given a posi ive outcome. Indeed, the electrostatic complexes obtained

using tetracationic porphyrins and polyoxometalate have shown a high efficiency toward the

model reaction of photocatalytic reduction of Ag(I) even under aerobic conditions. The catalyst

was stable under turnover conditions, which is an important criterion for this type of catalysis

and bodes well for future applications. Ag (I) was chosen as a model system because it

involves the exchange of a single electron. Thus, the photoexcitement of porphyrin units of the

complex in the presence of propan-2-ol (sacrificial donor) allowed the catalysis of Ag(I)

reduction in Agn.

The mechanism proposed for silver nanoparticle formation corresponds to a direct

intramolecular electron transfer from the excited porphyrins to polyoxometalate (Figure 2).

Then, the reduced POM – porphyrins complex can transfer electrons to silver ions. The

mechanism is similar to that reported for the POM alone excited in the UV domain.

Indeed, the preliminary results shows the efficient photocatalytic reduction of Ag+ in the

presence of the complex [ZnTMPyP4+

]4[Na2FeIII

2(H2O)(P2W15O56)2] using propan-2-ol as

sacrificial donor both in aerated and deaerated aqueous solutions (Figure 3). The formed

silver nanoparticles are stable in air without illumination.

Figure 3. TEM micrograph of the formed silver nanoparticles and change in the UV–visible absorption spectrum after illumination

of aqueous solution containing A) [Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16- (0.8.10-5 M) et [ZnTMePy]4+ (3.2.10-5 M) in the presence of

sacrificial donor propan-2-ol (0.13 M) and Ag+ (3,2.10-4 M). Aerated aqueous solution. B) [Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16- (0,8.10-5 M)

in the presence of propan-2-ol (0.13 M) and Ag+ (1.28.10-4 M). Deaerated aqueous solution.

• The third objective is the formation of supported tetracationic porphyrins – POM.

First, tetracationic porphyrins – POM multilayers were formed. The formation of

photocatalysts supported with tetracationic porphyrins and polyoxometalates has been

developed using [ZnTMePyP]4+

or (py)ZnOEP(py)44+

in the presence of polyoxometalates in

varied structures (Keggin or Dawson). More complex structures of the type sandwiches

[M4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16-/12-

(where M = Zn2+

, Cd2+

, Cu2+

, Ni2+

, Co2+

, Mn2+

, Fe3+

) have also

been used.

The feasibility of this approach has been assessed by dipping a glass plate or a transparent

electrode of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) in a alternated way, in a solution 0.5 mM of

[ZnTMePyP]4+

and in a solution 0.5 mM of [Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16-

. Stable multilayers

were formed (Figure 4).

Band of the

reduced POM

Plasmon band

4

Figure 4. Left: UV-visible absorption spectra of [ZnTMePyP4+ / Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)216-]n films (onto quartz) with different numbers of

deposition cycles (after porphyrin and POM depositions). (The measured absorption corresponds to the deposition of material on both sides

of the quartz). Inset: Plots of the absorbance at 452 nm as a function of the number n of deposition cycles of [ZnTMePyP4+ /

Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)216-] in pure aqueous solution. Middle: quartz slide with 25 with different numbers of deposition cycles. Right: TEM

images of the silver nanowires with the [ZnTMePyP4+ / Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)216-]n film in desaerated solutions.

The photocatalytic reduction of AgI2SO4 under visible irradiation in the presence of

propan-2-ol worked out well. It led to the formation of metallic Ag0 nanowires (Figure 5).

Second, our previous results showed that a supported catalyst, the cationic copolymer of

porphyrins can be prepared by electropolymerization of the bisubstituted monomer 5,10-

ZnOEP-meso-(bpy)22+

(1-Zn, Figure 5) via successive scannings between 0.9 V and 1.9 V /

SCE leading to the formation of directed nanostructures. Then, the "cationic" electrodes have

been soaked in a POM solution to generate a new material.

Figure 5. AFM a) of the copolymer 1-poly-Zn, and b) of the modified electrode dipped 12 hours into a solution of K4[SiW12O40] (c =

1.10-3 mol.L-1).

• Our fourth objective is the formation of functional polymers including

polyoxometalate.

The key-method for this approach was the electro-copolymerization of hybrid

porphyrins developed recently. It is based on the polarization of a working electrode

at the porphyrin’s second ring-oxidation potential in the presence of the

functionalized POM bearing two pyridyl groups [MnMo6O18{(OCH2)3CNHCO(4-

C5H4N)}2]3– (Py-POM-Py), which generates {POM-porphyrin}n copolymers after one

pot electropolymerization (Figure 4).

The photocatalytic reduction of AgI2SO4 or HAuIIICl4 under visible irradiation in

air in the presence of propa-2-nol at the 2-D interface between water and the

copolymeric films worked out well. It led to the formation of metallic Ag0 nanowires

and triangular nanosheets or Au0 nanosheets (Figure 6).

Wavelength (nm)

5

Figure 6. Electropolymerization of the 5,15-ZnOEP(py)22+ with the Anderson type polyoxometalate Py-POM-Py leading to

the copolymer porphyrin – POM. Cyclic voltammograms recorded during the electropolymerization, AFM micrograph, TEM

images of nanoparticles obtained after illumination in aerated solution of the copolymer deposited on a plate of quartz in the

presence of the sacrificial donor propan-2-ol (0.13 M) and of Ag(I) or Au(III) (1.6 x 10-4 M).

6

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

2011-present: Professor, University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Electrochemistry,

Institute of Chemistry (UMR 7177).

“Electrosynthesis of porphyrin”, “Synthesis of polyoxométallate and study

of their electrocatalytical properties” and “Synthesis and study of the

catalytic behaviour of new hybrid system polyoxométallate – porphyrin(s)”

1998-2011: Associate Professor, Université Paris-Sud, Chemical Physics Laboratory.

“Electrosynthesis of porphyrin”, “Synthesis of polyoxométallate and study

of their electrocatalytical properties” and “Synthesis and study of the

catalytic behaviour of new hybrid system polyoxométallate – porphyrin(s)”

1997-1998: European Post-doc, TMR Research Network "Artificial Photosynthesis for

Energy Production (Mn-Ru chemistry, Contract CT 96-0031" under the

supervision of Professor Jurgen-Hinrich Fuhrhop, Laboratory of Bioorganic

Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany (Prof. Dr. J.-H. Fuhrhop).

Synthesis of various models, in solution or incorporated in

the membrane system, for the biomimetism of the PS II.

Study of this model with: electrochemistry,

spectroelectrochemitry, EPR, and photochemistry.

1994-1997: Ph’D in chemistry, in the field of the organic and the physical chemistry. "

Anodic coupling of porphyrins : new route to obtain multiporphyrins ".

Supervisors: Professors Alain Giraudeau and Maurice Gross in the

« Laboratory of Electrochemistry », University Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg,

France. 06 June 1997.

1993-1994: National Service in the " Radiological Protection Laboratory of the French

Army " (Clamart, Paris).

1992-1993: Master of Inorganic Chemistry, Strasbourg, University Louis Pasteur (first

in one's year).

HDR (Capacitating to steer researches)

[1] ”From the study of porphyrin and polyoxometalate complexes to the

formation of new hybrid porphyrin – polyoxometalate complexes.”, 13

December 2006, University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay.

THESIS

[1] ”Couplage anodique de porphyrines : nouvelle méthodologie pour

l'obtention de multiporphyrines”, 6 Juin 1997, Université Louis Pasteur,

Strasbourg.

PUBLICATIONS

[1] A. Giraudeau, L. Ruhlmann, L. El Kahef, M. Gross, ” Electrosynthesis and characterization of

symmetrical and unsymmetrical linear porphyrin dimers and their precursor monomers ”, J.

Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 2669-2679.

[2] L. Ruhlmann, A. Giraudeau, ” One-pot electrochemical generation of a porphyrin dimer with

bis(diphenylphosphonium)acetylene bridge ”, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 1996, 2007-2008.

[3] M. El Baraka, J. M. Jannot, L. Ruhlmann, A. Giraudeau, M. Deunié, P. Seta, ” Photoinduced

energy transfert and electron transfert in a porphyrin triad H2TPP-V2+

-ZnOEP,2ClO4-

”,

Photochem. Photobio. A: Chem., 1998, 113, 163-169.

[4] L. Ruhlmann, A. Nakamura, H. Vos, J.-H. Fuhrhop, ” Manganese porphyrin heterodimers and

-trimers in aqueous solution ”, Inorg. Chem., 1998, 37, 6052-6059.

7

[5] J.–H. Fuhrhop, S. Svenson, C. Böttcher, C. Träger, P. Demoulin, J. Schneider, C.

Messerschmidt, L. Ruhlmann, J. Zimmermann, ” Non-covalent Chiral Fibers in Aqueous Gels

and Their Functionalization ”, Bull. Mater. Sci., 1999, 22, 101-106.

[6] L. Ruhlmann, S. Lobstein, M. Gross, A. Giraudeau, ” An electrosynthetic path towards

pentaporphyrins ”, J. Org. Chem., 1999, 64, 1352-1355.

[7] J.–H. Fuhrhop, L. Ruhlmann, C. Messerschmidt, J. Zimmermann, W. Fudickar, ” Rigidity in

Synkinetic Molecular Monolayers of Functional Lipids ”, Pure. Appl. Chem., 1999, 70, 12,

2385-2391.

[8] L. Ruhlmann, A. Schulz, A. Giraudeau, C. Messerschmidt, J.–H. Fuhrhop, ” Polycationic

Zinc-5,15-Dichlorooctaethylporphyrinate - Viologen Wire ”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121,

6664-6667.

[9] J. Zimmermann, W. Fudickar, L. Ruhlmann, J. Schneider, B. Roeder, U. Siggel, J.–H.

Fuhrhop ” Fluorescence Quenching and Size Selective Heterodimerization of a Porphyrin

Adsorbed to Gold and Embedded in Rigid Membrane Gaps” , J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121,

9539-9545.

[10] Ch. Draeger, Ch. Böttcher, Ch. Messerschmidt, L. Ruhlmann, U. Siggel,

J.–L. Hammarström, H. Berglund-Baudin, J.-H. Fuhrhop, ” Isolable and Fluorescent

Mesoscopic Micelle Made of an Amphiphilic Derivative of Tris-bipyridyl Ruthenium

Hexafluorophosphate ”, Langmuir, 2000, 16, 2068-2077.

[11] L. Ruhlmann, J. Zimmermann, W. Fudickar, U. Siggel, J.–H. Fuhrhop, ” Heterodimers and –

Trimers of Meso-tetra(isophtalicacid)porphyrin with meso- and -tetramethyl pyridinium-

porphyrins in Water ”, J. Electroanal. Chem. 2001, 503, 1-14.

[12] L. Ruhlmann, A. Giraudeau, ” A first series of diphosphonium electrochemically bridged

porphyrins ”, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2001.659-668.

[13] A. Giraudeau, S. Lobstein, L. Ruhlmann, D. Melamed, K. M. Barkigia, J. Fajer,

” Electrosynthesis, Electrochemistry, and Crystal Structure of the Tetrationic Zn-meso-

Tetrapyridinium--Octaethylporphyrin ”, J. of Porphyrin and phtalocyanine. 2001, 793-797.

[14] L. Ruhlmann, L. Nadjo, J. Canny, R. Thouvenot, ” Di- and Tetranuclear Dawson-Derived

Sandwich Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Electrochemical

Behavior”, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2002, 975-986.

[15] L. Ruhlmann, J. Canny, R. Thouvenot : ” Two Novel Dawson-Derived Sandwich of

Composition: Na18[(NaOH2)2Co2(P2W15O56)2] and Na17[(NaOH2)Co3(H2O)(P2W15O56)2].

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Electrochemical Behaviour ”, Inorg. Chem.

2002, 41, 3811-3819 (couverture du journal).

[16] L. Ruhlmann, M. Gross, A. Giraudeau, ” Bisporphyrins with bischlorin features obtained by

direct anodic coupling of porphyrins ”, Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 5085-5096.

[17] L. Ruhlmann, J. Canny, J. Vaissermann, R. Thouvenot : ” Mixed-Metal Sandwich Complexes

[MII

2(H2O)2FeIII

2(P2W15O56)2]14-

(MII = Co, Mn): Synthesis and Stability. The molecular

structure of [MnII

2(H2O)2FeIII

2(P2W15O56)2]14-

” J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2004,5, 794-800 .

[18] L. Ruhlmann, G. Genet, ” Wells-Dawson-Derived Tetrameric Complexes

{K28H8[P2W15Ti3O60.5]4}. Electrochemical Behaviour and Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrite

and of Nitric Oxide ” J. Electroanal. Chem. 2004, 568, 315-321.

[19] B. Godin, Y.-G. Chen, J. Vaissermann, L. Ruhlmann, M. Verdaguer, P. Gouzerh,

“Coordination Chemistry of the Hexavacant Tungstophosphate [H2P2W12O48]12-

with FeIII

Ions:

Towards Original Structures of Increasing Size and Complexity” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005,

44, 3072-3075.

[20] B. Godin, J. Vaisserman, P. Herson, L. Ruhlmann, M. Verdaguer, P. Gouzerh, “Coordination

chemistry of the hexavacant tungstophosphate [H2P2W12O48]12-

: synthesis ans characterization

of complexes derived from the unprecedented {P2W14O54} fragment.” Chem. Comm. 2005,

5624-5626.

[21] L. Ruhlmann, C. Costa-Coquelard, J. Canny, R. Thouvenot, “Mixed-Metal Dawson Sandwich

Complexes: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Electrochemical Behaviour of

Na16[MIICo3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2] (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd).”, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2007,

1493-1500 (couverture du journal).

[22] L. Ruhlmann, C. Costa-Coquelard,

J. Canny, R. Thouvenot “Electrochemical and

Electrocatalytical Investigations on the Tri-manganese Sandwich Complex

[NaMn3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]17-

.” J. Electroanal. Chem. 2007, 603, 260-268.

[23] J. Hao, L. Ruhlmann, Y. Zhu, Q. L,i Y. Wei “Naphthylimido-Substituted Hexamolybdate:

Preparation, Crystal Structures, Solvent Effects and Optical Properties of Three Polymorphs”

Inorg. Chem. 2007 46(11), 4960-4967.

[24] A. Flambard, L. Ruhlmann, J. Canny, R. Thouvenot, “Solution and solid-state 31

P NMR study

of paramagnetic Polyoxometalates” C. R. Chimie, 2008, 11, 415-422.

8

[25] L. Ruhlmann, C. Costa-Coquelard, S. Sorgues, I. Lampre. “Photocatalytic Reduction of

Ag2SO4 by Dawson-Derived Sandwich Complex” Macromolecular Symposia, 2008, 270, 117-

122. (Journal avec comité de lecture et deux référés).

[26] J. Hao, A. Giraudeau, Z. Ping, L. Ruhlmann, “Supramolecular assemblies obtained by large

counter anion incorporation in a well oriented polycationic copolymer”, Langmuir, 2008, 24,

1600-1603.

[27] J. Hao, Y. Xia, L. Wang, L. Ruhlmann, Y. Zhu, Q. Li, Y. Wei “Unprecedented Replacement

of Bridging Oxygen Atom in Polyoxometalate by Organic Imido Ligand.“ Angew. Chem.

2008, 120, 2666-2670.

[28] C. Allain, S. Favette, L.-M. Chamoreau, J. Vaissermann, L. Ruhlmann, B. Hasenknopf

“Hybrid organic-inorganic porphyrine-polyoxometalates complexes” Eur. J. Inorg. Chem.

2008, 22, 3433-34441 (couverture du journal)

[29] L. Ruhlmann, J. Hao, Z. Ping, A. Giraudeau, “Self-oriented Polycationic copolymers obtained

from bipyrinium meso-substituted-octaethylporphyrins” J. Electroanal. Chem. 2008, 621, 22-

30.

[30] C. Costa-Coquelard, D. Schaming, I. Lampre, S. Sorgues, L. Ruhlmann. “Photocatalytic

Reduction of Ag2SO4 by [P2W18O62]6-

and tetracobalt complex“ Applied Catalysis B:

Environmental, 2008, 84, 835.

[31] C. Costa-Coquelard, H. Jian, I. Lampre, S. Jiang, C. He L. Sun, L. Ruhlmann, “Association of

ruthenium complexes [Ru(bpy)3]2+

or [Ru(bpy)2(Mebpy-py)]2+

with Dawson polyanions

-[P2W18O62]6-

or 2-[FeIII

(H2O)P2W17O61]7-.

” Can. J. Chem. 2008, 86, 1034-1043.

[32] D. Schaming, A. Giraudeau, S. Lobstein, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, J.-P. Gisselbrecht, L.

Ruhlmann,

“Electrochemical behavior of the tetracationic porphyrins (py)ZnOEP(py)44+

4PF6- and

ZnOEP(py)44+

4Cl-. ” J. Electroanal. Chem. 2009, 635, 20-28.

[33] D. Schaming, J. Canny, K. Boubekeur, R. Thouvenot, L. Ruhlmann, “An Unprecedented

Trinuclear Dawson Sandwich Complex with Internal Lacuna. Synthesis and 31

P NMR

Spectroscopic analysis of the symmetrical [NaNi3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]17-

and

[CoNi3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16-

anions. », Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 5004–5009.

[34] A. Giraudeau, D. Schaming, J. Hao, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, L. Ruhlmann, “A simple way

for the electropolymerization of porphyrins”. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2010, 638, 70-75.

[35] D. Schaming, C.Costa-Coquelard, S. Sorgues, L. Ruhlmann, I. Lampre, “reduction of Ag2SO4

by electrostatic complexes formed by tetracationic zinc porphyrins and tetracobalt Dawson-

derived sandwich polyanion.” Applied Catalysis A: General, 2010, 373, 160-167.

[36] D. Schaming, C. Allain, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, S. Lobstein, A. Giraudeau, B. Hasenknopf, L.

Ruhlmann, “Synthesis and Photocatalytic properties of Mixed Polyoxometalate-Porphyrin

copolymers obtained from Anderson-type polyoxomolybdates “ Langmuir, 2010, 26, 5101-

5109.

[37] D. Schaming, C. Costa-Coquelard, I. Lampre, S. Sorgues, M. Erard, J. Canny, R. Thouvenot,

L. Ruhlmann “Formation of a new hybrid complex via coordination interaction between

5,10,15-tritolyl-20-(4- and 3-pyridyl) porphyrin or 5,10,15-triphenyl-20-(4-pyridyl) porphyrin

and the - 11O39]6-

Keggin-type polyoxometalate (M = Co2+

and Ni2+

).”, Inorganica

Chimica Acta, 2010, 363, 1185-1192..

[38] N. Karakostas, D. Schaming, S. Sorgues, I. Lampre

S. Lobstein, J-P. Gisselbrecht, A.

Giraudeau, L. Ruhlmann “Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Spectroelectrochemistry and

Photochemistry of a fully deformed Zn-substituted Porphyrin ZnOEP(py)44+

4Cl- in aqueous

solution.“ accepté à J. Photobiol. Photochem. A., 2010, 213, 52-60.

[39] C. Costa-Coquelard, S. Sorgues, L. Ruhlmann “Photocatalysis with polyoxometalates

associated to porphyrins under visible light: an application of charges transfer in electrostatic

complexes.” J. Phys. Chem. A.,2010, 114, 6394-6400.

[40] Y. Leroux, D. Schaming, L. Ruhlmann, P. Hapiot “SECM investigations of immobilized

porphyrins films.” Langmuir, 2010, 26, 14983-14989.

[41] D. Schaming, R. Farha, H. Xu, M. Goldmann, L. Ruhlmann “Formation and photocatalytic

properties of nanocomposite films containing both a tetracobalt Dawson-derived sandwich

polyanion and tetracationic porphyrin.“ Langmuir, 2011, 27, 132-143.

[42] D. Schaming, J. Hao, V. Alain, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, H. Xu,

A. Giraudeau, P. Audebert, L.

Ruhlmann, “Easy methods for the electropolymerization of porphyrins based on the oxidation

of the macrocycles”, Electrochimica Acta. 2011, 56, 10454-10463.

[43] D. Schaming, S. Marggi-Poullain, I. Ahmed, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, L. Ruhlmann,

“Electrosynthesis and electrochemical properties of porphyrin dimers with pyridinium as

bridging spacer.”, New J. Chem., 2011, 35, 2534–2543.

[44] Y. Xia, D. Schaming, R. Farha, M. Goldmann, L. Ruhlmann, “Bis-porphyrin copolymers

covalently linked by pyridinium spacers obtained by electropolymerization from -

octaethylporphyrins and pyridyl-substituted porphyrins”, in press, New J. Chem, 2011

(DOI:10.1039/C1NJ20790C).

9

CHAPTER OF BOOK

[1] L. Ruhlmann, J. Zimmermann, C. Messerschmidt, J. –H. Fuhrhop, ” Rigid

Angströn Clefts in Lipids Membrane on Solid Surfaces ”, NATO ASI series, in

Supramolecular Chemistry, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht,

Netherland, 1999, 527, 225-232.

PROCEEDING

[1] S. Favette, C. Allain, B. Hasenknopf, L. Ruhlmann, « Polyoxometalates as

molecular building blocks. » ACS Meeting, Division of Polymer Chemistry,

Boston (USA), August 19-23, 2007. Polymer Preprints (American Chemical

Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry) 48(2), 663-664 2007.

Covers of journal