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Functions of the Skeletal System–Provide support–Protect internal organs–Allows your body to move–Stores and produced materials
that your body needs You have 206 bones in your body
–Babies have more WHY?
The Skeletal System
Compact BoneCompact bone makes up the
outer layer of all bones. Althoughit looks dense and solid, It is full
of holes for nerves and blood vessels.
Spongy BoneSpongy bone contains flatand needlelike structures
that resist stress. Red bone marrow may fill the
open spaces in some bones.
Outer MembraneAn outer membrane
covers most of a long bone. The inner portion of a membrane contains cells that build up and
breakdown bone. Central CavityCentral cavities in long bones
usually contain yellow bone marrow (fat).
Vocabulary Complete vocabulary on Page 2
Joint
A point in which to bone come together
to allowed movement
Ball and socket
located at
the hip
Example
5 types of JOINTS in your body
Immovable Joint– Allows NO MOVEMENT
Hinge Joint– Allows for BENDING
AND STRAIGHTENING
Ball and Socket Joint – Allows movement in a
ALL DIRECTIONS
Pivot Joint– Allows movement
SIDE TO SIDE
Gliding Joint– Allows movement in
many directions
Possible activities– Bones relay– Egg and vinegar– Q-tip skeleton
TEST TOMORROW– Page 1 thru 3 in packet
» NO NOTES
What connects our bones an muscles together???
Ligaments = Connects BONE to BONE
Tendon = Connects MUSCLE to BONE
Cartilage = PROTECTS the ends of the bones and allows them to move
Types of muscles
Smooth Muscle = Involuntary muscles that you DO NOT have direct control over
Cardiac Muscle = Involuntary muscle only found in the HEART
Skeletal Muscle = Voluntary muscles that you CAN control to do activity
How muscles work All muscles do work by contracting, or
becoming shorter and thicker. Many skeletal muscles work in pairs.
– One muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone in one direction.
– Then, the other muscle in the pair contracts to move the bone back
Muscle Pairs
Bicep contracts
Tricep relaxes
Tricep contracts
Bicep relaxes
Activity on page 273 teachers addition
What is the Nervous System?
• Your nervous system receives information about what is going on inside and outside of your body.
• Then it processes the information and forms a response to it.
• The basic unit of the nervous system is a type of cell called a neuron
Nervous System
Is Divided into
Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous SystemIncludes Two Divisions
Brain Spinal Cord Sensory
Cerebrum Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Autonomic Somatic
Three Regions Two Groups
Regulates breathing
Signals Skeletal muscles
Motor
Activities
Muscle relay Mix messages (page 281)
Find the letter Read this paragraph Ring a Bell (page 279 Teacher edition)
The Concussion Crisis article
Quiz Tomorrow
Muscular system and Nervous system
– Be able to label muscles
– Know the functions and parts of nervous system
– NO NOTES
Blood is blue in color when is it NOT carrying oxygen.
MYTH
FACT – Blood is bright red when it is carrying oxygen and dark red when it is not. – Veins appear blue because of the way
light reflects from skin.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fVDGu82FeQ
Functions of the Cardiovascular System Delivering materials
– Your heart continually pups blood in your blood vessels throughout your body
Example – blood picks up glucose from your digestive system and brings it to cells that need energy
Removing wastes– It transports waste from your cells
Example - transports carbon dioxide to the lungs to be exhaled Fighting Disease
– blood contains cells that fight disease and seal cuts
Blood Flow through the Heart
Body cellsBody Cells
Lungs
The left side of
the system
deals with
oxygenated
blood.
The right side of
the system deals
with
deoxygenated
blood.
Your Heart Beat The action of the heart has two main
phases.– In the first phase, the heart relaxes and the atria
fill with blood.– In the second phase, the heart contracts and
pumps blood. The rate at which your heart muscles
contract is regulated by the pacemaker, a small group of cells in the wall of the right atrium.
Average heart rate varies from one person to the next and from one situation to the next.
Blood Vessels
Your heart pumps blood through an extensive network of blood vessels.
The three main types of blood vessels in your body are– Arteries– Capillaries– Veins
Complete page 11 using your book
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Most arteries carry oxygen-rich bloodThe largest artery in the body is the
aortaArteries have thick walls that are both
strong and flexible.
Capillaries
Branching from the smallest arteries are capillaries, the smallest blood vessels in your body.
As blood flows through the capillaries, oxygen and dissolved nutrients diffuse through the capillary walls and into your body’s cells.
Veins
From the capillaries, blood flows into small blood vessels that join together to form veins.
Veins are large, thin-walled blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.
Blood vessels
Capillary
Vein
Layer of cellsSmooth muscleConnective tissue
Single Layer of cells
Capillary Cross Section
BloodThe average adult has
about 4 to 6 quarts of blood circulating through his or her blood vessels.
The four components of blood are– Plasma– White Blood Cells– Red Blood Cells– Platelets
Plasma
The liquid component of the blood is called plasma
This straw-colored liquid makes up about 55 percent of the blood.
Plasma is mostly water, with substances such as nutrients, hormones, and salts dissolved in it.
Red Blood Cells
The cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of your body are red blood cells.– Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which
is an iron-containing substance to which oxygen binds
White Blood Cells
White blood cells help protect you against diseases and foreign substances– Some white blood cells make chemicals
that help your body resist diseases such as cancer.
– Others destroy invading microorganisms by surrounding and consuming them.
Platelets
are cell fragments that play an important role in the blood clotting process
When you get a cut, platelets stick to the edges of the cut and release proteins called clotting factors.
The Respiratory System
is responsible for bringing oxygen from the outside environment into the body
It also removes carbon dioxide from the body
How Gas is Exchanged At the end of the smallest tubes in
the lungs are millions of tiny sacs that look like bunches of grapes
These sacs, called alveoli are where gases are exchanged between the air and the blood.
The Breathing Process Inhalation
– The volume in the lung increase and the air flows in
– Function» Rib cage moves up and out» The Diaphragm contracts and flattens
Exhalation– The volume of the lungs decreases, and the
air is pulled out– Functions
» The rib cage returns to its original position» The Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward
Lets see how it works-pop liter bottle
-balloons