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Skeletal System
Skeletal System (on sheet, not “notes”)
Organ System Function Organs/Parts
Skeletal System • To support the body• To protect the body
• Bones…
All 206 on display
What is bone? (notes)
• Bone is mostly made of collagen
• The collagen is strengthened by calcium phosphate, which is what makes bones hard
• The more calcium phosphatea bone has, the harder it is
Formula: Ca3(PO4)2
Structure:
Protection (not notes)
• Two main areas of protection: skull and rib cage
Hardest Substance (not notes)
• The hardest substance in your body is tooth enamel
• Is up to 96% mineral content
Bone is Alive! (not notes)
• Your bones are just as alive as other parts of your body, even if it doesn’t look like it
Osteoblast, a cell that produces hard boneDiagram of blood supply to bone
Activity #1: No Bones about It
• On your sheet see if you can match the scientific/medical name of the bone with its common name
• Write the letter of the common name in the box next to the scientific/medical name
• After four minutes I will put up some slides to help you
Students are not responsible for knowing these…
…or these
Tendons and ligaments (notes)
• Tendons and ligaments are connecting tissue made of collagen
• A tendon connects a muscle to a bone
• A ligament connects a bone to another bone
Achilles Tendon (not notes)
• The longest and strongest tendon in the human body, it connects the calf muscle with the heel
• The Achilles Tendon also functions as a “spring”, absorbing some of the energy in each step and releasing it on the next
Achilles Tendon (not notes)
• Copying designs from hopping animals, engineers have produced “hopping boots”
• The metal on the back acts as a super Achilles Tendon and lets people run up to 25 miles per hour with relatively little effort
ACL (not notes)
• ACL stands for “anterior cruciate ligament”
• It is one of two major ligaments that connect the upper leg (femur) to the lower leg (tibia)
• Unfortunately, it is susceptible to being damaged by heavy activity such as sports
Anterior = in the frontCruciate = crossed
Biomechanics (not notes)
• Biomechanics is the study of the body as a machine
• In biomechanics the angles of the joints, the forces of the muscles, and the loads on the bones are calculated and treated as an engineering problem
Heels and Force (not notes)
• Michael Jordan is famed for having one of the greatest vertical jump distances in history
• Studies show that MJ’s heel bone is longer than the average person’s, giving him greater leverage when he jumps
Discus Throw (not notes)
• “Discus” is an Olympic sport where a disc is thrown as far as possible
• Scientists were able to analyze the motions of athletes and figure out where energy was being wasted
• Using this knowledge athletes adjusted their techniques and significantly improved their distances
Joints (not notes)
• Your joints fall into several categories
• Joints can move in 1, 2, or 3 directions
• Each joint’s shape matches its needs
Activity #4: Articulating Joints
• Figure out whether the following joints can move in 1, 2, or 3 directions
• When testing, try to keep all other bones still