sites.jackson.k12.ga.us · Web view1 GA Biology Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells. b. Explain how

Biochemistry, Scientific Method & Intro to Biology Name ___________________________________________ Textbook pages: _________________ assign.#______

Slide #

2. What is Biology? _________________________________________________________________________ You are living, right? So, what are you made of? _______________

3. Botany: Study of_________. Zoology: Study of______________. What makes something alive? What do you think? ______________________________________________________________________________________

4. Characteristics of living things :1. Made up of _________________. - Can be__________________ ( many cells) or ________________ (one cell).2. Can ______________________. (make more of their own)3. __________________ and _______________________.4. Obtain & use material for ___________________. ( ______________________) (see slide 8)

5. Maintain a ________________ _______________ environment. (________________) Give two examples: _____________________________

5. 6. Based on a universal genetic code. (_____________________)7. Change over time (________________________)8. _________________ to their Environment

7. Reproduction : 2 types: ________________________, AND ____________________________

8. Metabolism: -Sum of all of the ____________

______________ in the body.-______________ and ____________ up.

9. Universal Genetic Material: -____________.-Information __________________ from

______________________ to __________________.

Scientific Method Notes (different powerpoint)1. Title: ____________________________________

2. What is science?

GA Biology Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts. c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic

acids).

Formation of new individuals from the cell(s) of a _______ _____________.

It is very ______________ in ____________; less so in animals. Offspring genetically ____________________.

Formation of new individuals from the fusion of gametes.

____________ ______________Offspring genetically _______________

DN

Egg &Sperm

1. Activity carried on by humans that is designed to __________________________________ about the natural world.

2. Organized inquiry into the _______________ __________________ and its phenomena.

Science is about gaining a deeper and often useful ____________ of the world.1

3. What is the ultimate goal of science?

-To develop an __________________________of the natural universe which is free of human _____________.5. What is the scientific method? -An organized set of_________________ used to ________________ a problem.

STEPS TO THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD7. #1:__________________________

#2:__________________________8. #3 __________________________

#4__________________________9. –Performing a good experiment:

1: It truly tests for what it is supposed to test for2: Follows a few simple rules

10. Rule #1-An experiment usually contains two variables. (1) ________________________variable : It’s what you are ________________. (What is the IV in our baseball experiment? ___________________________)

(2)________________________variable : What happens, or changes, because the ______________________ changes. It’s what you are _____________________. (What is the DV in our baseball experiment? ___________________________)

11. Rule #2- All experiments need a _________________. - A control is something to _________________the experimental results to. It’s usually the “normal” condition.” (What is the control in our baseball example? __________________)

13. Rule # 3: Keep everything else Constant. (also called controlled variables)-They are the _____________ in the experimental group and the control group. -They do not change.

16. #5__________________________#6__________________________

17. How can we be sure that the results are real? __________________________________________18. What is a theory ? Scientific Theories are based on knowledge _____________ from many __________________.19. 22. Are there a set number of sets in the scientific method? ______________23. Redi’s Experiment:

What were some constants?_______________________________________________What was the independent variable? ________________________________________What was the dependent variable? _________________________________________What was his conclusion? ________________________________________________

Scientific Method PRACTICE :


acids).

Something done through the ____________ senses.

Educated ___________________.Must be ____________________.Stated as an ______, _____ statement.

Used to __________ a ______________________.

2

#1) Mary investigated the effect of different concentrations of Miracle Grow on the growth of tomato plants. Mary hypothesized that if higher concentrations of Miracle Grow were added, the plants would exhibit poorer growth. She grew four groups of tomato plants (10 plants/group) for 30 days.She then applied Miracle Grow as follows:Group A, 0% Miracle Grow;Group B, 10% Miracle Grow;Group C, 20% Miracle Grow; andGroup D, 30% Miracle Grow.The plants received the same amount of sunlight and water each day. At the end of 30 days, Mary recorded the height of each plant.

1. In this scenario, what is the independent variable?___________________________2. What is the dependent variable? __________________________________________3. In this scenario, what are the controlled variables? (Identify at least two.)______________________________________, ______________________________________4. Which group would be the control group in this experiment?____________________

#2) A scientist observed that tobacco plants flower only at certain times of the year. After careful consideration of this phenomenon, the scientist conducted an experiment. She grew five tobacco plants and exposed each to light for a specific period of time each day. Study the diagrams below which show the results of this experiment.

1. The independent variable in this experiment is __________________________.2. The dependent variable in this experiment is __________________________.3. List some of the controlled variables in the experiment. (Identify at least three.)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. What would be a good conclusion for this experiment? ___________________________________________

NOTES: What are living things made of? 13. All living things contain the element _________________. What are organic compounds? _____________________________ __________________________________________

Organization of living things:15. make up make up make up*4 Major Macromolecules of Life*:16.


acids).

#3) Some students grew sunflower plants in their school’s biology laboratory. The following table and graph show the conditions and results of the experiment after three weeks. Use this information to answer the following questions.

1. What is the independent variable?___________________________2. What is the dependent variable? _____________________________3. In this scenario, what are the controlled variables? (Identify at least three.)_____________________, _______________________, _______________________4. Which group would be the control group in this experiment?_______________________5. What would be a good conclusion for this experiment? ____________________________________________________

Goals1. Explain the relationships between _______________ and ______________ in living cells.

2. Explain how ____________ function as _______________.

3. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules ( _________________, _____________, ______________, __________________).

3

17- 31

****Book Work: On your Own*****

32-37


acids).

Carbohydrates Also known as ____________. 2 Major Functions:

o Provide _______________- to living cells. _______________Source of energy.

o Structural Components cell ___________.

Contain the elements ____,_____,_____.

31. REVIEW Used for:• Carbohydrates are the major source of ______________ for most living things and include sugars, like

_____________ and sucrose, and starches. – Starches are long ____________ of sugars. – Plants and some animals use carbohydrates for ___________________ purposes. – An example of this is cellulose, which is found in plant _____ _______, and chitin found in the

__________________ of arthropods.

Vocab Check:

Monomer= _______________Polymer= _______________

Monosaccharidesone sugar unitsimple sugars

• Glucose - _________ make during photosynthesis

• Galactose -milk• Ribose -______

Disacchridestwo sugar unit

complex sugars• Sucrose-

• Table Sugar• Plants

transport sugar

25-27 PolysaccharidesMany sugars. Complex sugars

• Glycogen- • functions as a fuel store in ______________. -

Large amounts are stored in liver & muscle • Starch-

• plants _______ sugars in this form• Cellulose -

• Plant _______ walls• Chitin ______ walls

28.• Carbohydrates store

_____________in their chemical bonds.

• Your body breaks down the sugars to get ___________.

Lipids ________-term Energy ___________

More carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds than carbohydrates.

Energy is stored in the ___-___ bond.

Contain the elements ____, ____, ____ Commonly called fats, oils, and

waxes. They are _______________ in water due

to the nonpolarity of the molecules.

Cells use lipids for: Long-term energy storage. Cushions & Insulation. Protective coatings &

___________________. Cell membranes

(Phospholipids).Examples: _________,

_________,_____________

Structure____________ is stored in the C-H bonds!

-Also called a Triglyceride

Carbohydrate Minimum Knowledge: READ: A carbohydrate is a simple sugar or a molecule composed of two or more simple sugars. In general, the ratio of C, H, and O atoms is 1:2:1 in a carbohydrate molecule. There are 3 classes of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Glucose, sucrose, starch, and cellulose are examples of carbohydrates. In all living organisms, carbohydrates, such as glucose, are broken down to provide usable chemical energy for cells. In plants, the carbohydrate cellulose is used for structural support in making cell walls. “Saccharide” means sugar. “Mono” means one. Put the two together: one sugar unit. “Oligo” means few. An oligosaccharide is a short chain of two or more covalently bonded sugar units. “Poly” means many. A polysaccharide is a straight or branched chain of sugar units in which there may be hundreds or thousands of the same or different kinds of sugars bonded to one another.Questions: (On your own….from the reading)

1) Give 4 examples of Carbs: ________________________________________________________2) Which Carb is used for energy in living organism? __________________3) Give an example of a carb used for structure: ________________ What does is make (structure)? _____________4) What does “Saccharide” mean? ______________________

Types of

Sugars

18.

29.

4

On your own from your book:

41-54


acids).

REVIEW: Functions of Lipids:1. _________________2. _________________3. _________________4. _________________

Lipids ________-term Energy ___________

More carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds than carbohydrates.

Energy is stored in the ___-___ bond.

Contain the elements ____, ____, ____ Commonly called fats, oils, and

waxes. They are _______________ in water due

to the nonpolarity of the molecules.

Cells use lipids for: Long-term energy storage. Cushions & Insulation. Protective coatings &

___________________. Cell membranes

(Phospholipids).Examples: _________,

_________,_____________

Structure____________ is stored in the C-H bonds!

-Also called a Triglyceride

Phospholipids & Membrane StructureCell Membranes are made out of

______________

CELL MEMBRANES

Saturated Fat-No double bonds, so they lay

flat."the ___________"

-_________ at room Temperature

Unsaturated Fat-Double bonds, so they DO NOT

lay flat."the _______ guys"! -___________at room

Temperature

ProteinsFunctions

• ________________ molecules• Hemoglobin transports

oxygen• _______________molecules

• Iron stored in the liver in a protein complex

• Mechanical _________ & structure• Skin, bones, hair, & nails

contain collagen• Hormones • __________________

• Speed up chemical reactions• Helps control metabolism.

• _____________System• Antibodies in the immune system

Elements:

Structure• Made of small units called _________ __________.

•• _________ naturally occurring amino acids

• Building blocks of ___________________.• Bonds that holds Amino Acids together is called a _____________

Bond• Function of a protein depends on its AA sequence, __________ and its ability

to recognize and ___________to some other molecule.• Denaturing Proteins

• When pH, salt, temp, etc. are altered, proteins may ____________ & lose its conformation and _____ longer function.

Name a genetic disease that is caused because a protein does not have the right Amino Acids. __________________________

Enzymes:• Enzymes _______ ____ chemical reaction. • These reaction would take place anyway…enzymes

just___________ them up!

How do ENZYMES work?1.The enzyme attaches to one or more of the ___________ in a

reaction. 2.The reactants that bind to the enzyme are known as the

______________. 3.The part of the enzyme where the substrate attaches to

the enzyme is called the _____________ _______. 4.The shape of the active site ________ fits the shape of the

____________, somewhat like a lock fits a key. In this way only

What is a Catalysts?

Lipids Minimum Knowledge: Lipids are organic compounds that have more carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds and fewer oxygen atoms than carbohydrates. They are extremely important for the proper functioning of organisms. Lipids are commonly called fats and oils. They are insoluble in water due to the nonpolarity of the molecules. Lipids are used by cells for long-term energy storage. Lipids are also a major component of cell membranes. Waxes are long chain fatty acids attached to an alcohol. An example is cutin in plants. It helps the plants retain water.Questions: (from the reading)

1) Give 3 examples of lipids: ___________________________________________2) Which lipid helps plants retain water? _____________________3) How do cells use Lipids? Give 2 ways __________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________41-54

5

37-40

*****Review***** (on your own):Macromolecule Major Functions ExamplesCarbohydrates

Lipids

Nucleic Acids


acids).

Proteins

Enzymes:• Enzymes _______ ____ chemical reaction. • These reaction would take place anyway…enzymes

just___________ them up!

How do ENZYMES work?1.The enzyme attaches to one or more of the ___________ in a

reaction. 2.The reactants that bind to the enzyme are known as the

______________. 3.The part of the enzyme where the substrate attaches to

the enzyme is called the _____________ _______. 4.The shape of the active site ________ fits the shape of the

____________, somewhat like a lock fits a key. In this way only

• Enzymes are ______ permanently ____________ or used up in reactions

• Enzymes work by __________________ the amount of _____________required for the reaction to proceed.

How do you speed up enzymes? • _______ ________________ of the enzyme.• _____________ up the enzyme!

• Don’t warm it too much or it may _______________ and stop working. (denature)

• Enzymes work best at a certain __________ and ___.

Nucleic Acids• Nucleic acids are complex macro-molecules that ____________ _____________

information in cells in the form of a code. • Elements: _____,_____, ______, ______,______

2 Types:1. DNA

o (deoxyribonucleic acid) – ____________ strand of genetic information.

2. RNA o (ribonucleic acid) – ___________ strand copy of DNA

used to build proteins.

Functions:_________ AND __________ genetic information.

Structure:• Made of units called

____________• Nucleotides

(monomers) have 3 parts:

1.____________2.____________3.____________

DNA

Review (on your own): What do enzymes do inside of living things?

Proteins Minimum Knowledge: Proteins belong to the most diverse group. They are large, complex polymers essential to all life. They are composed of chains of amino acids made of C, H, O, N, and sometimes S. Proteins are important in muscle contraction, transporting O2 in the blood, and the immune system. Proteins, like lipids, are an important component of cell membranes. Collagen, enzymes, hemoglobin, insulin, and antibodies are examples of proteins.Questions: (from the reading)

1) What are proteins made of (chains of)? _______________________2) Give 7 examples of what proteins do in living things: 1-____________________, 2-______________________, 3-

________________________, 4-___________________________, 5-__________________________, 6- _______________________________, 7- ________________________________

Nucleic Acids Minimum Knowledge: Nucleic acids are complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information in cells in the form of a code. To form nucleic acids, four different kinds of nucleotides are strung together. A nucleotide is a small organic compound that consists of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group. Nucleotides are the structural units Nucleic Acids. Examples of nucleic acids include DNA, and RNA.Questions: (from the reading)

1) What do Nucleic Acids do in cells? ________________________________________________________ **In the form of what? __________________

2) What are the small units (monomers) that nucleic acids are made of called? ________________________3) Give 2 examples of nucleic acids: 1-___________________________, 2-______________________

What is “Activation Energy?”

6

Name:Group members:

Proteins

***On your own from your book***:

.

Testing for Carbohydrates and Lipids LabTesting for Lipids:

Brown Paper TestCertain kinds of paper readily absorb lipids and can be used to test for the presence of lipids.

1. Place a drop of vegetable oil on a piece of the brown paper that has been provided for this exercise.

2. Place a drop of water on another piece of brown paper. 3. Observe the paper after 10 minutes and again 30 minutes after the start of the experiment.

o START THE CARBOHYDRATE PART BELOW WHILE YOU WAIT.4. Record your results in data table #3.5. While you are waiting, go ahead and do the rest of the lab.

Testing for Carbohydrates:Benedict's Test for Sugars *Benedict's reagent is used as a simple test for sugars.

Test:1. Number FIVE clean test tubes; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and add the following to the correct test tube.

o Substances o #1- 10 drops of sugar solutiono #2- 10 drops of honey solutiono #3- 10 drops of corn starch solutiono #4- 10 drops of watero #5- 10 drops of Oat Meal solutiono

2. Add 15 drops of Benedict’s solution to each test tube. CAUTION: If you spill Benedict’s solutions, clean it up with a wet paper towel and tell your teacher

3. Place the test tubes in the hot water bath for about 5 minutes. ** (While you wait, go ahead and do the “Starch Test” below)4. Use a test tube clamp to remove the tubes from the hot water bath.5. Observe any color changes in the solutions. 6. Record your results in data table #1. 7. Clean your test tubes out with soapy water and a test tube brush. Turn them upside down to dry.

Starch TestIodine solution (IKI) reacts with starch to produce a dark purple or black color.

1. Use the small white well plates. Use a wax marker to mark 5 wells-1, 2, 3, 4, 5. GA Biology Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts. c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic

acids).

Potato Enzyme Lab Observations:

We will leave a slice of potato on the lab bench for 3 days. We will also leave a slice of potato soaking in lemon juice on the lab bench for 3 days. You are to make notes on your observations everyday and explain what you think is happening.Day 1: ______________________________ ___________________________________ Day 2: ______________________________ ___________________________________Day 3: ______________________________ ___________________________________What happened, and WHY do you think it happened? ___________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________

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2. Use the substances list above, except only place 2 drops in each well. (for example: put 2 drops of sugar solution in well #1)

3. Add one drop of IKI solution to each well and note the color change.4. Record your results in data table #1. 5. Obtain a slice of Potato. Place it in a clean well and add one drop of IKI. Record your results in

data table #2. 6. Clean your well plate with soapy water and a test tube brush.

Testing for Carbohydrates and Lipids Lab (pg 2)Data Tables:#1

Test Tube #

Substance tested(What is it?)

What did it do in Benedicts?

(turn orange stay blue?)

What did it do in Iodine?

(turn purple or stay brown?)

Type of Carbohydrate (Mono-, Di-, or Poly?)

(you need to check your controls for this)

12345

#2Potato Do potatoes contain a starch? How do you know?

#310 minute observation

(What does it look like?)30 minute observation

(What does it look like?)Does the sample contain lipids?

Vegetable oilWater

Questions:1. What elements make up all carbohydrates? _____________________________2. List three examples of carbohydrates?

1-________________________________________________________2-________________________________________________________3-________________________________________________________

3. What are the top two major functions of carbohydrates? Give an example of each.1-_______________________________________ ex________________________

2-_______________________________________ ex________________________

4. When testing for a carbohydrate, a student obtains the following result: Benedicts-no color change, IKI- purple. What type of sugar is it (mono-, di-, or poly-) (hint: look at your data)? ________________________________

5. Why would the potato contain starch? (Think about it. What is starch? Why do plant make starch?)

6. What elements make up all lipids? GA Biology Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts. c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic

acids).8

7. What are the 2 main parts of a lipid molecule? _____________________ and _________________________

8. List three examples of lipids? _____________________, _____________________, ___________________

9. What are three major functions of lipids? 1-________________________________, 2-__________________ _________________, 3-__________________________________

10. Why did we use water in the #4 test tube in the carbohydrates lab? __________________________________

Enzymes LabWhat would happen to your cells if they made a poisonous chemical? You might think that they would die. In fact, your cells are always making poisonous chemicals. They do not die because your cells use enzymes to break down these poisonous chemicals into harmless substances. Enzymes are critical to life processes. Enzymes are proteins that speed up the rate of reactions that would otherwise happen more slowly. The enzyme is not altered by the reaction. You have hundreds of different enzymes in each of your cells. Each of these enzymes is responsible for one particular reaction that occurs in the cell.The enzyme Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms. It accelerates the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Label

Procedure:I. Enzyme Activity

1. Add two small pieces of room temperature potato into a clean test tube. Place 2 ml of the 3% hydrogen peroxide solution into the test tube. Observe the bubbles; what gas is being released? __________________ Record you bubble observation in DATA TABLE 1 below.

READ THIS BEFORE RECORDING DATA**Throughout this investigation you will estimate the rate of the reaction (how rapidly the solution bubbles) on a scale of 0-5 (0=no reaction,…5= very fast). Assume that the reaction in above proceeded at a rate of "4". Record that speed in DATA TABLE 1 .**

DATA TABLE 1

Enzyme Activity Observations of the Reaction (Scale from 0-5)

Enzyme Activity (from step 2)Potato + hydrogen peroxide

II. Temperature1. Obtain 2 small pieces of potato that have been in the freezer and place them in a clean test tube. Quickly add 2 ml

of the 3% hydrogen peroxide solution into the test tube. Observe the bubbles. Record your observations in DATA TABLE 2.

2. Obtain 2 small pieces of potato that have been boiled and place them in a clean test tube. Quickly add 2 ml of the 3% hydrogen peroxide solution into the test tube. Observe the bubbles and record your observations in DATA TABLE 2. Clean out your test tubes.DATA TABLE 2

Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity

Observations of the Reaction(Scale from 0-5)

Potato from freezerBoiled potato

Q: Does temperature affect enzyme activity? Explain. _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

III. pH1. Obtain 2 small pieces of potato that have

been soaking in acid and place them in a clean test tube. Add 2 ml of the 3% hydrogen peroxide solution into the test tube. Observe the bubbles. Record your


acids).

2H2O2 2H2O + O2

Reactants? _____________ Products? ______________

9

DATA TABLE 3Effects of pH Enzyme Activity

Observations of the Reaction(Scale from 0-5)

Potato in Acid

observations in DATA TABLE 3. Clean out your test tubes. ***CAUTION: Use forceps to remove the potato. Do not get any of the liquid on you.

Q: How did soaking the potato in acid affect the activity of the enzyme? Explain. ____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

Enzyme Lab pg2)

Post Lab Questions:1. What is the major function of enzymes in living organisms? ______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Explain the general effects of the following on enzyme activity (How does it affect enzyme activity? Faster, slower, stop?):

a. Temperature ( ex: If I increase the temperature, then enzyme will…): ____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

b. enzyme concentration ( If I add more enzymes, the reaction will….) :_____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

c. pH (How does changing the pH affect the enzyme?) :_________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Different enzymes work better under different conditions. Where in a human body might it be beneficial to have enzymes that work well in very acidic environments? ___________________________________________________________

4. Label the graph below. Use the following words: Reaction with an enzyme, Reaction without an enzyme, energy required with an enzyme, energy required without an enzyme.

ENZYMES: What you should…..Know: Vocabulary: activation energy, enzyme, substrate complex, active site, substrate, lock-and-key, reactants, products, rate, catalyst,

protein, denature Understand:

o Enzymes affect chemical reactions by: 1) changing activation energy and 2) speed of reaction

o All organisms require enzymes for metabolic activity.o Enzymes have industrial and home applications.

Be able to do:o Identify factors that affect enzymes activity.o Analyze and predict outcomes of enzyme dependent reactions.o Create and interpret graphs of enzyme activity.o Model lock-and-key mechanism. o Compare reactions rates (speed/activation energy) with and without enzymes present.

oo

Carbohydrates and Proteins Cut Outs ActivityGA Biology Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts. c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic

acids).

Enzymes have five special features in common:

1. They do not make processes happen that would not take place on their own. **They just make the processes take place faster!2. Enzymes are not permanently altered or used up in reactions.3. The same enzyme works for the forward and reverse directions of a reaction.4. Each enzyme is highly selective about its substrate.5. They work best at certain temperatures and pH.

10

Cut out the sugar given to you by your teacher. Use your book and other Biology books located in the classroom to help you do the following:Do what is indicated below for each square. For squares 13, give at least one food where it could be found, and label it

as a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or a polysaccharide.Square #1) Create a single glucose molecule. (In the Box: Label it. Who makes this sugar? During what

process?)Square #2) Create one starch molecule and one sucrose molecule. (In the Box: Label it. What is the function

of this molecule? Mono-, di-, or Poly?))Square #3) Answer the following questions about carbohydrates:

1) What are 2 major functions of carbohydrates in living organisms?2) How does your body get energy from complex carbohydrates like starch?3) What three elements are found in all carbohydrates?4) If cellulose is a carbohydrate, then why are Humans not able to use it for an energy source?

Square #4) Let’s make some proteins: Amino Acids Cut OutsConstruct the 3 following Proteins. Glue the proteins in square #4 on your paper.1- His-Met-Lys-Met 2- Pro-Val-GluA-AspA 3- Cys-Ser-Gly-Try-AlaIn the Box: Write the answers to the questions.

1. What are proteins made of?Label one peptide bond.2. How are the proteins above the same, and how are they different?3. What does your body use proteins for? (give 3 examples)

1: Monosaccharides 3 Carbohydrates

2 Disaccharides and Polysaccharides 4 Proteins

Vocabulary:GA Biology Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells.b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts. c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic

acids).

**Macromolecule definitions must

include the major functions. DO

NOT use definitions from the book. If you coose not to use this page, attach your method of studying to this

packet11

Review Questions (starters)(We will do these in class. Questions must be answered in complete sentences.)

1. Describe 2 major functions of carbohydrates. Give at least one specific example for each function. (at least 4 sentences)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Describe 2 major functions of Lipids. Give at least one specific example for each function. (at least 4 sentences)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


acids).

Vocabulary Quiz #1: on ____________1. Metabolism

2. Hypothesis

3. Homeostasis

4. Constant

5. Control

6. Analyze

7. Observation

8. Experiment

9. Dependent Variable

10.Independent Variable

11.Scientific method

Vocabulary Quiz #2: on ___________________

1. Nucleotide2. Ribonucleic Acid3. Deoxyribonucleic Acid4. Nucleic Acid5. Protein6. Enzyme7. Amino Acid8. Activation Energy9. Peptide Bond10. Monomer11. Polymer12. Active Site13. Substrate14. Catalysts15. Carbohydrate16. Lipid

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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Describe 3 major functions of Proteins (you may NOT use enzymes). Give at least one example for each function. (at least 4 sentences)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Describe the major function of Enzymes. Give at least one example of a specific enzyme and what it does. (at least 4 sentences)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. List three things that affect enzyme activity. ____________, _______________, ______________6. Describe 2 major functions of Nucleic Acids. List the two types (full names). (at least 4 sentences)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________


acids).13

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sites.jackson.k12.ga.us · Web view1 GA Biology Standards: SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and function in living cells. b. Explain how