basic pneumatic system

GROUP : Asri Ameer Mahmod Izzwan Zabidi Meor Aidil

Pneumatics has long played an important role as a catalyst for technological achievements mechanical work. It is also used in the development of automation technology. Most of the use of compressed air used for functions such as the following:

Ensure that the processor status (sensors) Information processing (processors) Motivate mover. Doing the work.

The word is derived from a combination of pneumatic classic greek word, which he "pneuma" means wind / air while "matic" means the movement.

INTRODUCTION

The combination of the word connotes control the movement by air. In the industry, it refers to the use of an air compressor to transfer energy and pengerakan.Pneumatik used to perform machining work and work peroperasian.

Examples: puncturing rotate cut out grind become golden shape Quality Control Examples of its use are as in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2

Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2

In such a system there are advantages and disadvantages must include

pneumatik.Perkara system is always prized in the election system more efficient, especially in industry. Table 2.3 below shows the advantages and disadvantages for the pneumatic system.

Strengths - Cheap because the air is not limited energy resources.                  - Record chart and the air was not toxic.                  - Compressed air can be transmitted over long

distances.                  - Compressed air can be stored.                  - Speed.                  - Easy to control speed and movement.                  - Net.                  - Hold the overburden. Weaknesses - Air will absorb moisture which will affect the system.                    - Air exhaust noise.                    - Air pressure is limited depending on the capacity of

the compressor.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

The basic pneumatic system, shown in Figure 2.3, consists of two main parts: -

Production and distribution system wind. System using wind.

Pneumatic cylinders, rotary actuators and motors, power supply and air movement for most operating pneumatic control system. For operation and control actuators, pneumatic components are needed, such as wind servicing unit, compressed air and valves to control the pressure, flow and direction of wind movement.

Basic Pneumatic System

Figure 2.3

Wind Production System (Production):

Component parts and its main functions are: -

(1) Compressor Taken air at atmospheric pressure, compressed and transmitted at a higher pressure in the pneumatic system. It thus converts

mechanical energy to electrical energy.

(2) Electric Motor Supplying mechanical power to the compressor. It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

(3) Pressure Switch Controlling the electric motor by detecting the pressure in the tank. It is provided to the maximum pressure at which it stops the motor,

and also the minimum pressure, where he started the motor again.

(4) Check Valve Allowing compressed air from the compressor flows into the tank, and prevent it from flowing back when the compressor is dismissed.

(5) Tank Store compressed air. Its size is adapted to the ability of the compressor. Greater than the volume, the longer the time between

traveling between the compressor.

(6) Pressure Gauge Indicates the pressure in the tank.

(7) Auto drain Pengetalan issued to all the water in the tank.

(8) Safety Valve Wind blowing compressed out, if the pressure in the tank raised more than permissible pressure.

(9) Refrigerated Air Dryer Cool breeze compressed to a few degrees more than the level that congeal freezing most of the humidity of the air. This prevents that

from happening liquid or air flow to the system after this flow.

(10) Line Filter It is located in the main pipe. This filter must have a minimum pressure drop, and the capacity to produce oil mist. It also helps to

absorb dust, dirt and water from the tap.

Pneumatic system consists of interaction between groups of

elements that berbeza.Gabungan groups forming elements for flow control signal, starting from the input (input) up to the scaling (output).

Control the movement of the control element elements mengantung to the signal received from the processing elements.

  The basic level of pneumatic systems are: energy source input element processing element control elements power components

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS & SIGNAL FLOW PNEUMATIC

 

 

Figure 2.4 shows the elements-elements in the system in which it is represented with a symbol indicating the function of these elements.

Examples of components that produce and transport

compressed air including a compressor and pressure control components.

(a) Compressor Compressor can compress the air pressure required. It can

convert mechanical energy of the motor and the engine into the potential energy in the compressed air (Fig. 2). A single central compressor can supply various pneumatic components with compressed air, which is transported through a pipe from the cylinder to the pneumatic components. Compressor can be divided into two classes: reciprocatory and rotary

PRODUCTION AND COMPRESSED AIR TRANSPORT

(a) Compressor used in schools

(b) The compressor used inlab

(c) symbol Pneumatic compressor

(b) pressure regulating components Pressure regulating components formed by various

components, each of which has its own pneumatic symbols:

(i) Filter - can remove impurities from the compressed air before it is fed to the pneumatic components.

(ii) Pressure regulator - to stabilize the pressure and controls the operation of the pneumatic components

(iii) Lubricants - To provide lubrication for pneumatic components

(a) Pressure regulating component(b) Pneumatic symbols of the pneumaticcomponents within a pressureregulating component

Examples of components that use compressed air components

including implementation (cylinder), valves and directional control valves assistant.

(a) Implementation of components Pneumatic component implementation provides linear or rotary

motion. Examples of implementation of pneumatic components including piston cylinders, pneumatic motors, etc. produced by the rectilinear motion of the piston cylinder, while the pneumatic motor provides continuous rotation. There are many types of cylinders, such as single and double acting cylinders acting cylinder

USE COMPRESSED AIR

Sebuah silinder tindakan tunggal mempunyai

hanya satu pintu masuk yang membolehkan udara termampat untuk mengalir melalui. Oleh itu, ia hanya boleh menghasilkan dibakar dalam satu arah (Gamb. 4). Rod omboh digerakkan dalam arah yang bertentangan oleh pegas dalaman, atau oleh daya luaran yang disediakan oleh pergerakan mekanikal atau berat beban (Gamb. 5).

(i) Single acting cylinder

Fig. 4 Cross section of a single acting cylinder

Fig. 5 (a) Single acting cylinder

(b) Pneumatic symbol of asingle acting cylinder

In a double-acting cylinder, air pressure used

alternately relative surface of the piston, which moves produce energy and power to withdraw (Fig. 6). As the effective area of the piston is small, then the resulting current is relatively weak retraction. Perfect tube double acting cylinders usually made of steel. Work surface is also polished and coated with chromium to reduce friction.

(ii) Double acting cylinder

Fig. 6 Cross section of a double acting cylinder

Fig. 7 (a) Double acting cylinder

(b) Pneumatic symbol of a double

Control valve ensure air flow between the air port to open,

close and change their internal connection. Their classification is determined by the number of ports, switch positions, valve normal position and method of operation. Common types of directional control valve including 2/2, 3/2, 5/2, etc. The first number represents the number of ports; the second number represents the number of positions. A directional control valve has two ports and five positions can be represented by drawing in Fig. 8, as well as pneumatic symbols of its own.

(b) Directional control valve

Fig. 8 Describing a 5/2 directional control valve

2/2 directional control valve structure is very

simple. It uses the thrust of the spring to open and close the valve, stop the compressed air from flowing into the working tube 'A' of the air inlet 'P'. When a force is applied to the axis control, the valve is pushed open, connecting the 'P' and 'A' (Fig. 9). The force applied to the axis control to address both air pressure and spring repulsive force. The control valve can be driven manually or mechanically, and restored to its original position by the spring.

(i) 2/2 Directional control valve

Fig. 9 (a) 2/2 directional control valve

(b) Cross section

(c) Pneumatic symbol

A 3/2 directional control valve can be used to

control single-acting cylinders (Fig. 10). Open valve in the middle will be closed until the 'P' and 'A' are connected together. Then another valve will open the base signed between 'A' and 'R' (exhaust). Valves can be driven manually, mechanically, electrically or pneumatically. 3/2 directional control valve again can be divided into two classes: Normally open type (NO) and normally closed type (NC) (Fig. 11) .Rajah 10

(ii) 3/2 Directional control valve

Fig. 10 (a) 3/2 directional control valve (b) Cross section

(a) Normally closed type(b) Normally open type

Fig. 11 Pneumatic symbols

When the pressure pulse is input to the 'P'

control port pressure, the spool will move to the left, connect the 'P' and routes incoming jobs 'B'. 'A' route Work will then release the air through the 'R1' and 'R2'. Directional valve will remain in this position until the operation is received conflicting signals. Therefore, this type of directional control valve function is said to have a 'memory'.

(iii) 5/2 Directional control valve

(a) 5/2 directional control valveFig. 12 5/2 directional control valve

(b) Cross section

(c) Pneumatic symbol

Valves control valve that controls the flow of air.

Examples include non-return valves, flow control valves, shuttle valves, etc.

(i) Non-return valves Non-return valve allows air to flow in one direction only.

When air flows in the opposite direction, the valve will be closed. Another name for the non-return valve poppet valve (Fig. 13).

(c) Control valve

Fig. 13 (a) Non-return valve

(b) Cross section

(c) Pneumatic symbol

Injap kawalan aliran dibentuk oleh injap bukan-pulangan dan pendikit ubah (Gamb. 14).

(ii) Flow control valve

Fig. 14 (a) Flow control valve(b) Cross section

(c) Pneumatic symbol

The shuttle valve also known as double or

single control valve controls not return. Shuttle valve has two inlet air 'P1' and 'P2' and one air out 'A'. When compressed air enters through the 'P1', the sphere will prevent and suppress 'P2' another entry. Air can flow from the 'P1' to 'A'. When the opposite happens, the sphere will restrict the entry 'P1', and allows air to flow from the 'P2' to 'A' only.

(iii) Shuttle valve

Fig. 15 (a) Shuttle valve

(b)Cross section

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