SMART HOME TECHNOLOGIES

George Wang2012

Smart Home Applications

By 2020, 50 billion devices will be connected to the Internet

Smart Home and Smart Phone Low Speed

Control

High Speed Video

Smart Home Technologies

1. X102. INSTEON3. Z-Wave3. Z-Wave4. ZigBee5. 6LoWPAN6. HomePlug

X10 Basics

• Definition: – X10 is an international and open industry standard for communication among

electronic devices used for home automation, also known as domotics. It primarily uses power line wiring for signaling and control. A wireless radio based protocol transport is also defined.

• Working Principles:– Household electrical wiring is used to send digital data between X10 devices.

This digital data is encoded onto a 120 kHz carrier which is transmitted as This digital data is encoded onto a 120 kHz carrier which is transmitted as bursts (1ms) during the relatively quiet zero crossings of the 50 or 60 Hz AC. One bit is transmitted at each zero crossing. Each bit is transmitted 3 times.

• History:– X10 was developed in 1975 by

Pico Electronics of Glenrothes, Scotland– X10 (USA) Inc. was formed in the 1985

X10 Protocol

– When the system is installed, each controlled device is configured to respond to one of the 256 possible addresses (16 house codes × 16 unit codes); each device reacts to commands specifically addressed to it, or possibly to several broadcast commands.

– A message that says "select code A3", followed by "turn on", tells the unit "A3" to turn on its device. Several units can be addressed simultaneously. For example, "select A3", "select A15", "select A4", and finally, "turn on", causes units A3, A4, and A15 to all turn on.

X10 Advantages and Limitations

q Inexpensiveq No new wiring is required q Simple to installq 100's of compatible

productsq Time proven -- it has been

around for over 30 years

q Commands getting Relatively slow

q Limited functionalityq Interference and lack of

encryptionq Control only up to 256

lights and appliancesaround for over 30 years

It is estimated that X10 compatible products can be found in over 10 million American homes.

lights and appliances

INSTEON — Ultimate Reliability– INSTEON is a dual-band mesh home area networking topology employing AC-

power lines and a radio-frequency (RF) protocol to communicate with devices.– INSTEON was developed by SmartLabs Technology, a division of SmartLabs, Inc.

since 1992.– It enables devices, such as light switches, thermostats, motion sensors, etc. to

be networked together using the power line, radio frequency (RF), or both. – All INSTEON devices are peers. Each device can transmit, receive, and repeat

any message of the INSTEON protocol, without requiring a master controller or routing software.routing software.

– INSTEON-enabled devices will work with legacy X10 products. INSTEON driver chip sets simply include the capability of transmitting, receiving, and responding to X10 power line messages in addition to INSTEON messages.

– Every INSTEON device has a unique 24 bit address, all transmissions are encoded onto the network.

– SmartLabs offer's Developer Kits which allows communications between the product and the INSTEON network. The interface can be an internal INSTEON chip, a small PC board or an external plug-in adapter with I/O ports connecting to the host product.

INSTEON Packet Timing vs. X10

All INSTEON powerlinepackets contain 24 bits.

An INSTEON powerlinepacket lasts 1.823 milliseconds.

INSTEON packets aretransmitted during the zero crossing quiet time to crossing quiet time to minimize the effect of powerline noise.

INSTEON packets begin 800 microseconds before a zero crossing and last until 1023 microseconds after the zero crossing.

INSTEON Device Communication

RF BridgesTwo Phases

Connect toPC

At the main electrical junction box to the home, the single three-wire 220 VAC powerlineis split into a pair of two-wire 110 VAC powerlines, known as

Compatible to X10

powerlines, known as Phase 1 and Phase 2. Phase 1 wiring usually powers half the circuits in the home, and Phase 2 powers the other half.

How does INSTEON Compare with ZigBee, Bluetooth, HomePlug, X10?

• Bluetooth - Bluetooth is designed as an ad-hoc network technology and as such is NOT designed to be a home control networking technology.

• HomePlug - INSTEON is compatible with HomePlug but focused on different applications. HomePlug is tuned to broadband applications while INSTEON is focused on home control. INSTEON is a more cost-effective technology for home management.

• ZigBee/Z-Wave - INSTEON is not limited to a single physical network technology and does not require a network controller. It supports both RF and Powerline, enabling a broader set of applications. INSTEON technology is also a more cost-effective and reliable technology allowing it to be integrated into a broader range of products.

• X10 - INSTEON is a more robust and reliable network yet, it is priced similarly and is compatible with industry standard X10 devices.

Z-Wave — Wireless Solution

– Z-Wave is a proprietary wireless communications protocol designed for home automation, specifically to remote control applications in residential and light commercial environments.

– The technology uses a low-power RF radio embedded or retrofitted into home electronics devices and systems, such as lighting, home access control, entertainment systems and household appliances.

– The Z-Wave Alliance is an international consortium of 160 independent manufacturers that provide interoperable Z-Wave independent manufacturers that provide interoperable Z-Wave enabled devices.

– Bandwidth: 9,600 bit/s or 40 kbit/s, fully interoperable– Range: Approximately 30 meters assuming "open air" conditions,

with reduced range indoors depending on building materials.– Frequency band: uses the sub-1GHz ISM band– Z-Wave's ability to command multiple devices as a unified event

makes it well suited for home audio and video applications.

No AC, No Wire

Z-Wave Chip and Applications

• Z-Wave is available as Z-Wave Single Chip solutions by Sigma Designs (Zensys).

• Protocol stack is embedded in the chips. • Flash memory and blueprints of the PCB

circuitry are available to the manufacturer/OEM for their applications.

Compatibility is very GOOD!

Sub-1GHz Frequency Coverage by Z-Wave

Frequency differs from country to country.It is less crowded compared to 2.4GHz band.

ZigBee — low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh network

– ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on an IEEE 802.15.4 standard for personal area networks that was finalized in 2006.

– Applications include wireless light switches, electrical meters with in-home-displays, and other consumer and industrial equipment that requires short-range wireless transfer of data at relatively low rates.

– ZigBee specification is intended to be simpler and less expensive – ZigBee specification is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs, such as Bluetooth.

– ZigBee is targeted at radio-frequency (2.4 GHz) applications that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking.

– The defined rate of 250 kbps is best suited for periodic or intermittent data or a single signal transmission from a sensor or input device.

– The wireless IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee RF4CE standard is replacing infrared applications such as remote controls.

No AC, No Wire

ZigBee Networking

ZigBee uses standard networking terms for data transmission, as defined by IEEE.

• Data Request (transmit data)• Data Confirm (acknowledgment of a data request)• Data Indication (receive data)

ZigBee LatencyZigBee Data Requests

ZigBee Endpoints Example

IEEE 802.15.4 Channel• Channel numbers 0 through 10 are defined

by the sub-1 GHz 802.15.4 radios, but ZigBee doesn't run on the sub-1 GHz radios.

• ZigBee uses 2.4 GHz, WiFi, cordless phones, and microwave ovens also exit in this band.

ZigBee nodes can only send data requests to other nodes on the same network. A single ZigBeenetwork is called a Personal Area Network (PAN).

ZigBee PANs are formed by ZigBee Coordinators (ZCs). Only ZCs may form a PAN. The other ZigBeenode types, ZigBee Routers (ZRs) and ZigBee End-Devices (ZEDs) may join a network, but do not form one themselves.

ZigBee does not typically change channels. It is defined by the Application Profile. A ZigBee device must scan all channels, and join the network on one channel. If the profile is a private profile, it may choose to limit the device to one or any set of the 16 available channels.

ZigBee Applications - Profiles• Public profiles are designed for products

from one manufacturer (X) to work, right out-of-the-box, with products from another manufacturer (Y).

• Manufacturer-specific profiles (MSPs) allow the OEM to define any set of clusters, endpoints, and devices.

• ZigBee places no restrictions on data type as long as data rate remain reasonable.

iPod Controller Concept

• Play/Pause• Skip Forward• Skip Backward• Volume Up• Volume Down

How do ZigBee Compares with Z-Wave, X10 and INSTEON ?

INSTEON: Moderately priced, highly reliable Dual-mesh RF & Powerlinetechnology. However, INSTEON was mainly designed for 110V/60Hz AC power.X10: Inexpensive but lacks the robustness, flexibility and reliability required by home-control applicationsZigBee & Z-Wave: Single-band (RF-only) wireless networks that require a network controller. Z-Wave is proprietary while ZigBee is open standard.

ZigBee for Home Utility Management

• Zigbee provides communication and data exchange between the utility and home area networks

• Data can be accessed via the Internet

ZigBee for Further ImprovementØ ZigBee was started in 2003 based on IEEE 802.15.4 features, adding ad hoc

networking, service discovery and application protocol profiles. Ø ZigBee is a protocol specification from an industry special interest group

called the ZigBee Alliance. Leading provider is Control4. Ø ZigBee has been successful for multi-vendor ad hoc applications such as

home automation.Ø ZigBee has several down-sides, including reliance on a single wireless link

technology, tight coupling with application profiles, along with Internet integration and scalability limitations.

Ø Zigbee product falls short when comparing to INSTEON, X10, and Z-Wave Ø Zigbee product falls short when comparing to INSTEON, X10, and Z-Wave in home automation and DYI market.

Ø In 2009 the ZigBee Alliance announced that ZigBee will start to integrate IETF standards such as 6LoWPAN and ROLL into its future specifications.

§ ZigBee Building Automation§ ZigBee Health Care§ ZigBee Home Automation§ ZigBee Retail Services§ ZigBee Smart Energy§ ZigBee Telecom Services

6LoWPAN – The Internet of Things Technology

– 6LoWPAN is an acronym of IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks.

– 6LoWPAN is the name of a working group in the Internet area of the IETF.– It has defined encapsulation and header compression mechanisms that

allow IPv6 packets to be sent to and received from over IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless networks.

– It originated from the idea that "IP could and should be applied even to the smallest devices and that low-power devices with limited processing capabilities should be able to participate in the Internet of Things.”capabilities should be able to participate in the Internet of Things.”

– The vision behind the Internet of Things is that embedded devices, also called smart objects, are universally becoming IP enabled, and an integral part of the Internet.

Google’s android light bulb runs 6LoWPAN

6LoWPAN – Issues from IPv6 to IEEE802.15.4

– Adapting the packet sizes of the two networksIPv6 requires MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) to be at least 1280 Bytes. IEEE802.15.4's standard packet size is 127 octets.

– Address resolutionIPv6: 128 bit IP addresses in a hierarchical mannerIEEE 802.15.4: IEEE 64 bit extended addresses or 16 bit addresses that are unique within a PAN. There is also a PAN-ID for a group of collocated IEEE802.15.4 devices.

– Differing device designs and focusIEEE802.15.4: cost, power consumption, code-size optimization , installationIEEE802.15.4: cost, power consumption, code-size optimization , installationIP: networking, high speed, algorithms, interoperability

– Addressing management mechanismsThe management of addresses for devices that communicate across the two dissimilar domains of IPv6 and IEEE802.15.4 is cumbersome, if not exhaustingly complex.

– Device and service discoverySince IP-enabled devices may require the formation of ad hoc networks, the current state of neighboring devices and the services hosted by such devices will need to be known. IPv6 neighbor discovery extensions is an internet draft proposed as a contribution in this area.

6LoWPAN Related Standards and Alliances

Note: In 2008 a new IETF working group was formed, Routing over Low-power and Lossy Networks (ROLL)

6LoWPAN vs. ZigBee

– The weakness of 6LoWPAN is that they do NOT yet have a real market for the protocol at the moment.

– The main problem lies in the fact that they don't have any standards in place to govern device interoperability of each wireless sensor node.

– Zigbee has the device interoperability specification and testing infrastructure in place.

– ZigBee has access to two potentially large markets that are gateways into the consumer home, i.e., wireless sensor (smart meters) and remote control.

– 6LoWPAN has access to a huge amount of infrastructure, a large pool of protocol – 6LoWPAN has access to a huge amount of infrastructure, a large pool of protocol developers, and TCP/IP which is the universal language of communications all over the world.

– Big companies such as Cisco, Microsoft, Google, and Intel may jump in support 6LoWPAN. This would be on top of companies like Sony, Samsung, Panasonic, and Philips that came along with RF4CE.

Power Line Communications (PLC) for Home

– X10 and INSTEON are PLC technologies for home control (narrowband) using the electrical power wiring within a home for home automation

– HomePlug is PLC technology used to interconnect home computers and peripherals, and home entertainment devices that have an Ethernet port. It allows devices to share video and data without the inconvenience of running dedicated network inconvenience of running dedicated network cables.

– IEEE 1901 includes HomePlug AV as a baseline technology, so any IEEE 1901 products are fully interoperable with HomePlug AV, HomePlug Green PHY or the forthcoming HomePlug AV2 specification.

– Other standards specifications for power line home networking include the Universal Powerline Association, the HD-PLC Alliance and the ITU-T’s G.hn and HomePNAspecifications.

HomePlug

– HomePlug is the family name for various power line communications specifications that support networking over existing home electrical wiring, targeting broadband applications such as in-home distribution of low data rate IPTV, gaming, and Internet content.

– The first HomePlug specification, HomePlug 1.0, was released in June 2001.– HomePlug AV specification, which was released in 2005, increased physical

layer (PHY) peak data rates from 14 to 200 Mbit/s.– HomePlug AV2, finalized in Jan. 2012, offers Gigabit speed at the physical – HomePlug AV2, finalized in Jan. 2012, offers Gigabit speed at the physical

layer and 600Mbs+ at the MAC layer. with products expected to ship in 2013.

– The HomePlug Green PHY (10Mbps) specification was released in June 2010 and targets Smart Energy and Smart Grid applications

– There are 4 chip vendors that are shipping interoperable HomePlug AV chipsets with IEEE 1901 support (Broadcom, Qualcomm Atheros, Sigma Designs, and SPiDCOM)

– Major HomePlug AV product vendors are ATRIE Technology P Limited, Cisco, devolo, ZyXEL, D-Link, Logitech, NETGEAR and Western Digital.

HomePlug node shipments will surpass 30 million units by 2014.

HomePlug Product by Logitech

Logitech HD Powerline 200 AdapterMax speed is 200M, $69.99 online

The video monitoring system uses electrical wiring and outlets and existing Internet connection - without the hardwired approach of some traditional security companies.

HomePlug Product by D-Link

Features• Integrate WiFi (802.11n) and PLC

(HomePlug AV)• Up to 200 Mbps through PowerLine

Network• Easily connect and secure Home Network

with push button security• Extend your existing wireless network

coverage for Your Entire Home or Office• Plug & Play Installation• QoS Support to Prioritize Internet Traffic• Connect Computers, Game Consoles, or

DHP-W306AV POWERLINE AV WIRELESS N EXTENDER• Turns power outlet into a network connection. • Extends wireless network to the corners of home without the

need for network cables. • No extra drilling and extra wiring required!• $99.99 online

• Connect Computers, Game Consoles, or Media Players to the Web

• Supports secure wireless encryption using WPA or WPA2

• Fast Ethernet Ports for Wired Network Speeds

• IEEE 802.3• IEEE 802.3u• IEEE 802.11b• IEEE 802.11g• IEEE 802.11n• HomePlug AV

HomePlug Product by Loop

Loop-G1701: Exceeds max speed of HomePlug AV 200M.

Smart Home Opportunities and Challenges

– Applications:– Home smart energy – Health care – Home security

– Integrated Platforms to Emerge:– User-friendly system, product, and interfaces via seamless integration of

technologies, e.g., control (INSTEON, ZigBee) and high-speed video (WiFi, HomePlug) – Common technology platforms supporting different equipment interfaces and

interconnectivity protocols

– Home automation– Telecom Services– Home entertainment

interconnectivity protocols– Integration of mobile devices, embedded devices, application software, and Internet

service platforms– New business models with full combination between technologies and human

behavioral patterns

– Challenges:– Security and reliability– protocol standardization– Interoperability

– Cost– Easy to install and use– Customer education

Summary: Smart Home Technologies

1. X10 How it gets started

2. INSTEON Choice for electrical appliance

3. Z-Wave Proprietary wireless

4. ZigBee4. ZigBee Open standard wireless

5. 6LoWPAN Future

6. HomePlug High speed PLC

7. WiFi High speed wireless

No Boundary, No Limitation

Unmanned Drones flying high to focus on a target

THANKS!THANKS!

George WangDirector, America Tech-CenterLoop Telecom International+1.630.877.0031chowfei101@gmail.comwww.looptelecom.com