Sistem Urinari E

8/11/2019 Sistem Urinari E

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Anatomy of the Urinary System

Institut Pendidikan GuruKampus Perempuan Melayu

PJM3106


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Urinary System Organs

Kidneys

Urinary bladder:providesa temporary storagereservoir for urine

Paired ureters: transporturine from the kidneys to

the bladder Urethra: transports urine

from the bladder out of

the body


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Kidney Location and

External Anatomy

The bean-shaped kidneys lie in a

retroperitonealposition in the superior

lumbar region and extend from the twelfth

thoracic to the third lumbar vertebrae

The right kidney is lowerthan the left

because it is crowded by the liver

Ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics,

and nerves enter and exit at the hilus

(medial border)


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Kidney


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Kidney Blood Flow


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Kidney:

Internal Anatomy

Renal Capsule

Cortex

Renal medulla

Columns

Pyramids

Renal pelvis Major calyx

Minor calyx


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Nephron

Nephrons are the structural and functional units thatform urine, consisting of:

1. Renal Corpuscle:The collective term for the

glomerulus and the surrounding capsule Glomerulus:Tuft of capillaries

Bowmans capsule:Enlarged end of the renaltubule that surrounds the glomerulus

2. Renal Tubule: Tube into which fluid passes

Proximal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule


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Nephron

Cortical Nephrons: 80-85% of all nephrons

Their renal corpuscles lie in the outer portion ofthe renal cortex

Have short loops of Henle Lie mainly in the cortex

Penetrate only into outer region of the renal medulla

Juxtamedullary nephrons: 15-20% of nephrons

Renal corpuscle lies deep in cortex near medulla

Have long loops of Henle

Responsible for creating medullary concentrationgradient that allows the kidney to change dilution ofurine


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Nephron

Gl l


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Glomerulus


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Glomerulus

The primary filtering device of the nephron

Blood is transported into the Bowman's

capsule from the afferent arteriole Within the capsule, the blood is filtered

through the glomerulus and then passes out

via the efferent arteriole. Filtered water and aqueous wastes are

passed out of the Bowman's capsule into the

proximal convoluted tubule.


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Glomerulus

These renal tubules will then flow alongside

the peritubular capillaries

Most of the water that was originally forcedout is reabsorbed from the renal tubules

back into these blood vessels.

Whatever water remains in the renal tubuleswill be urinated away.


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Nephron Vasculature

Consists of 2 capillary beds separated by the

intervening efferent arteriole.

The 1st capillary bed (the glomerulus)produces the filtrate

The second capillary bed (peritubular

capillaries) reclaims most of that filtrate Vasa recta- bundles of long straight vessels

that run beside the loops of Henle deep into

the medulla.

C ti l


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Interlobular Artery

Interlobular Vein

Arcuate

Artery

Afferent

Arteriole

Efferent

Arteriole

Peritubular

capillaries

Glomerulus

Cortical

Nephron

Vasculature


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Juxtamedullary

Nephron

Vasculature

Vasa Recta


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Nephron Vasculature


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Macula Densa

There is a portion of the DCT that abuts the

afferent arteriole. At that region of the DCT,

there are tall, closely-packed DCT cells that

collectively are known as the macula densa.

Macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that

are responsible for measuring filtrate Na+


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Juxtaglomerular Cells

In the afferent arteriole where the DCT istouching, there are specialized smoothmuscle cells known asjuxtaglomerular

cells. Act as mechanoreceptors

These JG cells contain large amounts of

secretory granules containing renin When blood pressure low, the JC cells

release their renin


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Glomerulus

Hi t l f R l T b l &


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Histology of Renal Tubule &

Collecting Duct

Proximal convoluted tubule

Simple cuboidal with brush border of microvillithat increase surface area

Descending limb of loop of Henle Simple squamous

Ascending limb of loop of Henle

Simple cuboidal to low columnar Distal convoluted & collecting ducts

Simple cuboidal composed of principal &intercalated cells which have microvilli


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Kid


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Kidney

Histology

Kid


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Kidney

Histology

Kid


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Kidney

Histology

Kid Hi t l


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Kidney Histology


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Bladder

It lies retroperitoneallyon the pelvic floor

posterior to the pubic symphysis

Males: Prostate gland surrounds the neck

inferiorly

Females: Anterior to the vagina and uterus

The bladder wall has three layers

Transitional epithelial mucosa

A thick muscular layer

A fibrous adventitia

Ureter OpeningsUreter


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Female

Bladder

Ureter OpeningsUreter

Trigone

External

Urethral

Sphincter

Urogenital Diaphragm

Internal Urethral Sphincter


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Ureter Openings

TrigoneInternal Urethral

Sphincter

External Urethral

Sphincter

Ureter Male

Bladder


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Bladder Histology


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Bladder Histology


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Urethra

The female urethra is tightly bound to theanterior vaginal wall

Its external opening lies anterior to the

vaginal opening and posterior to the clitoris

The male urethra has three named regions

Prostatic urethra: runs within the prostate gland

Membranous urethra: runs through theurogenital diaphragm

Spongy (penile) urethra: passes through thepenis and opens via the external urethral orifice

Male


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Male

Urethra

Spongy (penile)

urethra

Membranous urethra

Prostatic urethra


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The End

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