Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
6
bank
arst
vo 5
201
3
SIROMAŠTVO
Milenijumski ciljevi razvoja definišu okvire borbe za suštinska društvena pitanja do 2015. godine. Na skupu Ujedinjenih nacija u Njujorku 2000. godine ukupno 191 zemlja je prihvatila ove
Milenijumske ciljeve gde je apostrofirano osam oblasti: Iskorenjivanje ekstremnog siromaštva i gladi; Postizanje univerzalnog osnovnog obrazovanja; Promovisanje jednakosti polova; Smanjenje smrtnosti kod dece; Poboljšanje zdravlja majki; Borba protiv HIV/SIDE, malarije i drugih oboljenja; Obezbeđenje ekološke održivosti i Ostvarenje globalnog partnerstva za razvoj.
Niko ne spori da su sve ove nabrojane oblasti podjednako značajne i da zahtevaju mnogo bolji položaj. Sagledavajući sve probleme, uzroke i posledice može se zaključiti da se u njihovom korenu najviše utkala ekonomija, odnosno loše stanje ekonomije u zemljama gde su ovi problemi najizrazitiji. Na ovom samitu u Njujorku svi su bili jedinstveni o potrebi njihovog rešavanja. Usvojeni su i planovi o visini potrebnih sredstava i imenovani oni koji će u tome učestvovati. Međutim, kada je trebalo sa reči preći na delo, slika je bila razočaravajuća.
Organizacija za ekonomsku saradnju i razvoj - OECD već 2007. godine potvrdila je da se finansijska pomoć najsiromašnijim zemljama sveta nije povećala već da je opala za 8,4%. Isto tako, lideri G8 na samitu 2005. godine obećali su da će udvostručiti pomoć najsiromašnijim državama i obezbediti dodatnih 50 milijardi evra godišnje do 2010. godine. Nakon tri godine sagledani podaci govore da donatori ni izbliza neće ispuniti obećanja, a posebno su navedene Francuska i Nemačka. Predstavnik evropskog komesara za razvoj izjavio je tada da je padu zvanične pomoći Evropske unije i drugih donatora doprinelo i okončanje otpisivanja dugova siromašnim zemljama. Veliki broj zemalja, istaknuto je, bio je u stanju da balansira pomoć za razvoj sa dužničkim olakšicama. Koliko je ova kritika uticala da se pomoć siromašnima poveća za sada nije poznato. Konačni podaci o dinamici donacija i drugih vidova pomoći najugroženijim mogu se očekivati tek 2015. godine.
U svetu se već sada vode rasprave o formi i opsegu programa Milenijumskih ciljeva razvoja koji će startovati posle 2015. godine. Svakako da je ekonomski razvoj jedini način borbe sa siromaštvom, dok se otvaranjem novih radnih mesta povećava broj zaposlenih, a smanjuje broj siromašnih. Privatan sektor
uvodnik
Prof. dr Veroljub Dugalić
Generalni sekretar Udruženje banaka Srbije
7
bank
arst
vo 5
201
3
POVERTY
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) define the framework for solving the essential social issues by 2015. At the United Nations Summit in 2000, a total of 191 countries committed to the Millennium
Goals, highlighting the following eight fields: eradication of extreme poverty and hunger; achievement of universal primary education; promotion of gender equality and empowering women; reduction of child mortality rates; improvement of maternal health; combat against HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases; environmental sustainability; and accomplishment of global partnership for development.
There is no doubt that all the above fields are equally important, and that they all need to be considerably improved. After considering all problems, along with their causes and consequences, it may be concluded that economy lies in their roots, i.e. the bad state of economy in those countries where the concerned problems are most prominent. At the mentioned Summit in New York, everybody agreed on the necessity of their solving. They adopted relevant plans regarding the amounts of required funds, and appointed people that would be participating in the process. However, when the time came to suit their actions to their words, the result was rather disappointing.
Already in 2007 the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) confirmed that financial aid to the poorest countries in the world had not increased, but instead declined by 8.4%. Likewise, the G8 leaders at their 2005 Summit promised to double their aid to the poorest countries and provide additional 50 billion EUR per year until 2010. After three years, the examined data show that the donators will not even closely fulfill their promises, with particular mention of France and Germany. The representative of the European Development Commissioner stated back then that the decline in official aid provided by the European Union and other donors was, among other things, due to the finalized write-offs of poor countries’ debts. A large number of countries, he underlined, were in the position to balance the development aid with debt facilities. It is not yet known to which extent this criticism has contributed to any increases in aid to the poor. The finalized data on the dynamics of donations and other forms of aid to the poorest cannot be expected before 2015.
editorial
Prof Veroljub Dugalić, PhD
Secretary GeneralAssociation of Serbian [email protected]
8
bank
arst
vo 5
201
3
mora da odigra ključnu ulogu u ovom novom konceptu jer novčana sredstva koja se ulažu u razvojne projekte u najvećoj meri potiču iz ovog sektora. Primer je SAD, 87% od ukupno 20 milijardi dolara koliko je investirano u razvojne programe 2010. godine potiču iz privatnog sektora, a pre pet decenija 70% sredstava namenjenih razvoju siromašnih delova sveta poticalo je iz državnih fondova razvijenih zemalja.
Informacija o potrebi realizacije Milenijumskih ciljeva razvoja usvojena je i na Vladi Srbije 19. maja 2005. godine i tom prilikom su navedena najugroženija područja na kojima posebno treba da se podstakne zapošljavanje i proizvodnja.
Pre godinu dana na ovim stranicama bilo je reči o nezaposlenosti koja u Srbiji ima uznemiravajuće procente, ali i da kao bauk kruži Evropom. Siromaštvo je u simbiozi sa nezaposlenošću. Povod za razmišljanje kako na našim prostorima umanjiti siromaštvo je i nedavni 17. oktobar, Međunarodni dan borbe protiv siromaštva.
Ministarstvo rada, zapošljavanja i socijalne politike tim povodom objavilo je podatak da je u Srbiji oko 100.000 ljudi ispod donje granice siromaštva. Među njima najugroženija su staračka, samačka, seoska domaćinstva i deca, posebno u južnoj i istočnoj Srbiji. U ovom trenutku novčanu socijalnu pomoć prima oko 86.000 osoba, a dečji dodatak oko 400.000 dece. Osim ove pomoći, Ministarstvo rada obezbeđuje sredstva za 72 narodne kuhinje koje imaju oko 32.000 korisnika. Mreža organizacija za decu Srbije - MODS iznela je podatak da u zemlji i dalje 140.000 dece živi ispod linije siromaštva.
Vlada je najavila mere za povećanje broja zaposlenih koje bi direktno uticale i na smanjenje stope siromaštva. Preduzetnici, mala i srednja preduzeća igraju veliku ulogu u održivom ekonomskom razvoju, otvaranju novih radnih mesta i uvođenju novih tehnologija. Ova maksima važi za sve zemlje pa i za Srbiju. Problem je što je poslovna klima za privatni biznis kod nas izuzetno loša, što se može videti i po broju ugašenih malih i srednjih preduzeća u poslednjih nekoliko godina. U Srbiji oko 95% svih preduzeća koja posluju su porodične firme i one zapošljavaju 60% svih zaposlenih u zemlji. Ta njihova misija je izuzetno teška pošto su
ove firme opterećene brojnim troškovima koje određuje država, ne računajući i parafiskalne namete koji nisu zanemarljivi. Sem toga, svakog ko započinje privatan biznis čeka i tržište koje nije previše gladno i čija apsorpciona moć nije prevelika.
Kao pomoć Vladi u sprovođenju najavljenih mera za povećanje zaposlenosti svakako treba navesti već više godina prisutne fondove zemalja i institucija. Ovom prilikom ističemo samo neke od poznatijih finansijskih izvora za malu privredu i preduzetništvo.
Evropska mreža preduzetništva - EEN je projekat Evropske komisije koja raspolaže sa 320 miliona evra za period 2007-2013. godine. Čini je skoro 600 partnerskih organizacija i institucija poput komora, agencija, instituta. Putem mreže moguće je ostvariti kontakte u 50 zemalja i 83 konzorcijuma: 28 zemalja iz EU, Norveškoj, Islandu, zemljama koje imaju status kandidata ( T u r s k o j , M a k e d o n i j i , Crnoj Gori, Srbiji), zemljama koje imaju status p o t e n c i j a l n i h kandidata (Bosni i Hercegovini, Albaniji), ali i Švajcarskoj, Rusiji, Izraelu, Siriji, Japanu, Meksiku, Severnoj Koreji, Tunisu, Ukrajini i SAD. EEN povezuje preko 4.000 eksperata s područja preduzetništva, inovacija i t r a n s f e r a tehnologije u cilju p r o m o v i s a n j a konkurentnosti i inovacija na e v r o p s k o m lokalnom nivou. Usluge koje ova mreža pruža prvenstveno su
9
bank
arst
vo 5
201
3
Debates have already been under way in the world concerning the form and scope of the Millennium Development Goals that will be launched after 2015. Economic development is certainly the one and only way to fight poverty, whereas the creation of new jobs increases the number of employed people, at the same time reducing the number of the poor. The private sector must play the key role in this new concept, given that the monetary funds invested in development progress mostly come from this sector. A good example is the US, where 87% of the total of 20 billion USD invested in development programs in 2010 was derived from the private sector, whereas five decades ago 70% of funds intended for the development of the impoverished parts of the world came from the developed countries’ state funds.
The information about the necessity of implementing the Millennium Goals was
adopted by the G o v e r n m e n t of Serbia on 19 May 2005, on which occasion it was underlined which regions had been most threatened, badly needing a boost of employment and production.
One year ago, on these pages we discussed unemployment, which has reached alarming percentage in Serbia, and has been posing a huge threat to Europe. Poverty goes hand in hand with unemployment. Another cause for us to think about a way to alleviate poverty in our regions is
the recent 17 October, the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty.
On this occasion, the Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Policy disclosed that in Serbia about 100,000 people live below the poverty line. The most threatened among them are the elderly, single-person, rural households and children, particularly in southern and eastern Serbia. At the moment, monetary social aid is received by about 86,000 people, and children’s allowance by about 400,000 children. In addition to these forms of aid, the Ministry of Labour provides the funds for 72 soup kitchens that feed about 32,000 people. The Network of Organizations for the Children of Serbia (NOCS) disclosed that in Serbia there are still 140,000 children living below the poverty line.
The Government has announced the measures for increasing the employment rates, which would directly reduce the poverty rate. Entrepreneurs and SMEs play a huge role in sustainable economic development, job creation and implementation of new technologies. This is true in all countries, including Serbia. The problem is that the business climate for private business has been extremely unfavorable in our country, as evidenced by the number of closed SMEs in the past several years. About 95% of all enterprises operating in Serbia are family businesses, employing 60% of all employed people in the country. This mission of theirs is a rather difficult one, given that these businesses are encumbered by numerous costs imposed by the state, not even counting the para-fiscal charges, which are hardly negligible themselves. Furthermore, whoever starts a private business has to face the market, whose appetites and absorption powers are not that great.
Certainly worth mentioning are the funds from various countries and institutions, which have been assisting the Government of Serbia for years now in implementing the announced measures for the increase of employment rates. Hereby we highlight only some of the best known financial sources for SMEs and entrepreneurs.
The Enterprise Europe Network - EEN is the European Commission’s project with 320 million EUR at its disposal for the period 2007-2013. It gathers almost 600 partner organizations and institutions, including
10
bank
arst
vo 5
201
3
namenjene malim i srednjim preduzećima, ali su dostupne i drugim poslovnim institucijama, istraživačkim centrima i univerzitetima širom Evrope. U Srbiji njihov najnoviji program "Pokreni se za posao" sa rokom prijave do 31. decembra ove godine obezbeđuje korisniku bespovratna sredstva do 200.000 dinara u vidu neophodne opreme za pokretanje ili unapređenje preduzetničke delatnosti. Osim toga obezbeđena je i stručna obuka i pomoć ekonomskih stručnjaka.
Američka agencija za međunarodni razvoj - USAID je od 2001. godine do danas investirala više od 708,3 miliona dolara kako bi stimulisala ekonomski razvoj, ojačala pravosudni sistem i promovisala dobro upravljanje u Srbiji. U junu je USAID sa Vladom Srbije potpisala sporazum o direktnom finansiranju, što je označilo početak dvogodišnjeg Projekta za razvoj privatnog sektora sa Nacionalnom agencijom za regionalni razvoj. Svrha projekta je jačanje firmi iz ovog sektora u 12 ekonomski ugroženih opština na jugu i jugozapadu Srbije. Projekat će se realizovati u naredne četiri godine uz sedam miliona dolara planiranih sredstava. Najpre će biti identifikovani sektori koji su najznačajniji za izvoz, a potom će biti odabrano 120 malih i srednjih preduzeća kojima će biti pružena pomoć za povećanje proizvodnje i izvoza, bolje poslovanje i otvaranje novih radnih mesta. Sem ovog prisutan je i Projekat održivog lokalnog razvoja koji zajedno sa 32 lokalne samouprave poziva privatne firme da se prijave za učešće u Programu obuke mladih do 30 godina starosti u privatnim preduzećima za obavljanje poslova u proizvodnom i sektoru usluga.
Potrebno je istaći da je sredinom prošle godine USAID uspešno okončala petogodišnji Agrobiznis projekat u Srbiji zahvaljujući kome je otvoreno 120 novih radnih mesta u poljoprivredi i izvezeno prehrambene robe u vrednosti od oko 190 miliona dolara. USAID sarađuje sa 205 srpskih prehrambenih kompanija kako bi unapredila ambalažu proizvoda, marketinški nastup i da bi se uspešno predstavili na 46 različitih sajmova. Zahvaljujući ovom USAID projektu u SAD su počele da stižu prve isporuke srpskog kajmaka.
Jedan od ranije urađenih programa "Agrobiznis projekat" trajao je dve godine od 2009. do 2011. godine u kome je 600 žena
prošlo obuku, a njih 11 dobilo 135.000 dolara bespovratnih sredstava za započinjanje sopstvenog biznisa. U ovom projektu učestvovalo je i 28 studenata poljoprivrednih fakulteta koji su dobili 180.000 dolara bespovratnih sredstava za najbolje biznis planove.
Edukacijom žena i njihovim preduzetništvom bavi se i "Program evropskog partnerstva EU Progres" kroz zajedničku aktivnost Evropske unije, Švajcarske Vlade i Vlade Srbije. Podrška ženskom preduzetništvu kroz finansijsku pomoć za pokretanje biznisa, nabavku mašina i opreme trajnih dobara do 4.000 evra.
Švajcarska agencija za razvoj i saradnju - SDC finansijski je sa 3.260.126 franaka podržala otvaranje 300 novih radnih mesta za nezaposlene u periodu 2011-2014. godine. Zbog velikog uspeha odlučeno je da se, sem u prvobitnih šest opština južne Srbije, program proširi i na 90 opština u zapadnoj, istočnoj i centralnoj Srbiji.
Inače, Švajcarska je već uložila preko 300 miliona franaka za podršku tranziciji Srbije i, kako je pre izvesnog vremena istakla Gabrijela Šafrot, zamenica direktora Švajcarske kancelarije za saradnju u Srbiji, već se razrađuje strategija saradnje za 2014-2017. godinu.
Sredinom juna ove godine Ministarstvo finansija i privrede Srbije uputilo je poziv malim preduzećima, preduzetnicima i zadrugama da se prijave za dodelu bespovratnih sredstava u okviru Programa podrške za nabavku opreme u 2013. godini. Program se sprovodi u saradnji sa N a c i o n a l n o m agencijom za regionalni razvoj i poslovnim b a n k a m a : Societe Generale, Raiffeisen i P r o C r e d i t . U k u p n o r a s p o l o ž i v a sredstva za r e a l i z a c i j u
11
bank
arst
vo 5
201
3
chambers of commerce, agencies, and institutes. Via this network, it is possible to establish contacts in 50 countries and 83 consortiums: in 28 EU countries, Norway, Iceland, EU candidate countries (Turkey, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Iceland), EU potential candidate countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania), but also in Switzerland, Russia, Israel, Syria, Japan, Mexico, North Korea, Tunisia, Ukraine and the USA. The EEN connects over 4000 experts in the field of entrepreneurship, innovation and transfer of technologies, with a view to promoting competitiveness and innovations at the European local level. The services provided by this network are mostly targeted at SMEs, but are also available to other business institutions, research centers and universities across Europe. Their latest program in Serbia, “Wake up - Start up”, for which you can apply by 31 December 2013, provides the beneficiary with non-returnable funds up to 200,000 RSD in the form of required equipment for starting up or upgrading an entrepreneurial activity. Furthermore, the program provides professional training and assistance by economic experts.
The US Agency for International Development - USAID has, since 2001 until today, invested over 708.3 million USD in order to stimulate economic development, strengthen the judiciary system and promote sound management in Serbia. In June 2013 the
USAID signed a direct-funding agreement with the Government of Serbia, l a u n c h i n g a two-year Private Sector D e v e l o p m e n t Project in cooperation with the National Agency for R e g i o n a l Development . The purpose of this project is to strengthen private sector
firms in 12 depressed municipalities in the southern and southwestern Serbia. The Project will be realized in the forthcoming four years with 7 million USD of planned resources. First, the Project will identify the sectors which are most significant for export, after which 120 SMEs will be selected and offered assistance in increasing production and export, improving their business and creating new jobs. Apart from this one, there is also a Sustainable Local Development Project, which, together with 32 local self-governments, invites private firms to apply for participating in the Program of training young people up to 30 years of age to conduct operations in private enterprises in the production and services sectors.
Worth highlighting is the fact that in mid-2012 the USAID successfully completed its five-year Agro-Business Project in Serbia, thanks to which 120 new jobs were created in agriculture, and about 190 million USD worth of food products were exported. The USAID has been cooperating with 205 Serbian food companies, with a view to enhancing the products’ packaging and marketing approach, and getting them successfully represented at 46 different fairs. Owing to this USAID project, the first shipments of the Serbian kajmak arrived at the USA.
One of the previously completed Agro-Business Projects lasted two years (2009-2011), and provided training for 600 women, 11 of which were granted 135,000 USD of non-returnable funds to start up their own business. This project also involved 28 students from faculties of agriculture, who received 180,000 USD of non-returnable funds for the best business plans.
Education of women and female entrepreneurship are also the objectives of the “European Partnership with Municipalities Programme - EU PROGRES”, jointly coordinated through the activities of the European Union, the Government of Switzerland, and the Government of Serbia. Female entrepreneurship is supported through financial aid for start-up businesses, procurement of machines and equipment of permanent goods up to 4000 EUR.
The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation - SDC with 3,260,126 CHF financially supported the creation of 300 new
12
bank
arst
vo 5
201
3
programa iznose 100 miliona dinara, a pravo na sufinansiranje iznosi do 25% od vrednosti investicija. Bespovratna sredstva ne mogu biti manja od 250.000 dinara niti veća od 2,5 miliona dinara.
Evropska banka za obnovu i razvoj - EBRD planira da u ovoj godini plasira 300 miliona evra u 20 projekata u Srbiji. Kako je naglašeno, posebna pažnja biće posvećena ulaganju u podsticaj razvoja privatnog sektora. U prošloj godini ova banka je u srpski agrobiznis uložila 40 miliona evra.
Banka Intesa je početkom ove godine obezbedila novi petogodišnji zajam od EBRD u vrednosti od 30 miliona evra, namenjen finansiranju malih i srednjih preduzeća. Sredstva iz ove kreditne linije odobravaju se po modelu revolving zajmova za obrtna sredstva, investiciona ulaganja sa rokom otplate do pet godina i grejs periodom do godinu dana. Do sada je EBRD ovoj banci odobrila kreditne linije u ukupnoj vrednosti od 84 miliona evra. Od 2001. godine pa do sada EBRD je plasirala u Srbiju preko dve milijarde evra za 95 projekata i 33 regionalna programa. Vrednost projekata u privatnom sektoru iznosila je preko 900 miliona evra. Strateški prioriteti za Srbiju utvrđuju se svake druge godine u dokumentu "Strategija za Srbiju".
Pre četrnaest godina Ujedinjene nacije i Vlada Japana osnovali su Fond UN za ljudsku sigurnost koji je do sada finansirao preko 200 projekata u oko 70 zemalja. Kada je reč o Srbiji, Fond je pokrenuo dvogodišnji projekat vredan 2,8 miliona dolara za otvaranje novih radnih mesta, poboljšanje pristupa uslugama i interkulturalni dijalog. Sredstva su namenjena jugu Srbije, za 6 opština u kojima živi oko 60.000 ljudi.
Osim Švajcarske, Japana i SAD postoji finansijska pomoć za razvoj male privrede i preduzetništva i drugih zemalja. Jedna od njih je i Norveška koja je učestvovala u razvoju proizvodnje meda i sada je 10% ukupnog srpskog izvoza u tu zemlju ovaj slatki pčelinji proizvod.
Stiče se utisak da su sredstva ovih fondova nedovoljno poznata javnosti i da nisu do sada plasirana na adekvatan način kako bi došla do svih onih koji bi mogli da ih koriste. Država bi morala da se mnogo više angažuje kako bi te informacije stigle na pravi način i do najudaljenijih domaćinstava, preduzetnika i preduzeća.
Glavni i odgovorni urednik dr Veroljub Dugalić
13
bank
arst
vo 5
201
3
jobs for the unemployed people in the period 2011-2014. After the huge success of the project, it was decided to expand the program to include, in addition to the initial six municipalities in southern Serbia, another 90 municipalities in western, eastern and central Serbia.
Switzerland already invested over 300 million CHF to support the transition of Serbia and, as recently underlined by Gabriela Schaffroth, Deputy Director of the Swiss Cooperation Office in Serbia, the development of cooperation strategy for 2014-2017 has already been under way.
In mid-June 2013 the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Serbia extended an invitation to small enterprises, entrepreneurs and cooperatives to apply for the assignment of non-returnable funds within the 2013 Equipment Procurement Support Programme. The Programme has been implemented in cooperation with the National Agency for Regional Development and the following commercial banks: Societe Generale, Raiffeisen and ProCredit. The total available assets for the implementation of this Programme amount to 100 million RSD, with the rights to co-funding being set at up to 25% of the investments’ value. Non-returnable funds cannot be lower than 250,000 RSD or higher than 2.5 million RSD.
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development - EBRD is in 2013 planning to invest 300 million EUR in 20 projects in Serbia. As was underlined, special attention will be devoted to investing in the private sector development. Last year, this bank invested 40 million EUR in the Serbian agro-business.
Early this year, Banka Intesa procured a new five-year loan from the EBRD in the amount of 30 million EUR for the purpose of SMEs financing. The funds from this credit line are to be granted according to the model of revolving loans for working capital, as investments with
up to five-year repayment deadline, and up to one-year grace period. Until now, the credit lines granted by the EBRD to this bank have amounted to a total of 84 million EUR. Since 2001 until today the EBRD has invested over two billion EUR in Serbia, having financed 95 projects and 33 regional programs. The value of the private sector projects has amounted to over 900 million EUR. The strategic priorities for Serbia are defined every other year in a document called “Strategy for Serbia”.
Fourteen years ago, the United Nations and the Government of Japan established the UN Trust Fund for Human Security, which has so far financed over 200 projects in about 70 countries. When it comes to Serbia, the Fund has launched a two-year project worth 2.8 million USD for job creation, better access to services, and intercultural dialogue. The funds are intended for the south of Serbia, in particular, 6 municipalities with the population of about 60,000.
Apart from Switzerland, Japan and the USA, financial aid for the development of SMEs and entrepreneurship has been provided by other countries as well. One of them is Norway, which participated in the expansion of honey production, resulting in 10% of total Serbian exports to this country now being accounted for by this sweet bee product.
The general impression is that the funds provided by these institutions have been insufficiently known to the public, and that so far they have been placed inadequately, not reaching all those that could actually use them. Therefore, the state needs to engage more actively in properly spreading the relevant information even to the remotest households, entrepreneurs and enterprises.
Editor in ChiefVeroljub Dugalić PhD
