sexualsteroid response elementssexualsteroid response elements

• LDL Rezeptor• Lipoproteinlipase• e NOS• ACE System• GABA Rezeptor• Myelinscheiden• NFkB• Lunge• Gewicht

Geschlechtsspezifische Geschlechtsspezifische

HypercholesterinämieHypercholesterinämie

Geschlechtsspezifische Hypertonie

• Östrogenmangelbedingte Hypertonie

• Progesteronmangelbedingte Hypertonie

Estradiol stimulates eNOS not only in the uterus but also in the smooth muscles of blood vessels working like a nitro containing drug and protecting the endothelium

Verordnungsrate Psychopharmaka

400

300

200

100

0 <35 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 >60

pro 1000 Frauen bzw. Männer Frauen Männer

Neurosteroid synthesis-mediated regulation of GABA(A) receptors: relevance to the ovarian cycle and stress.

Maguire J, Mody I

J Neurosci. 2007 Feb 28;27(9):2155-62.

Progesterone (5 mg/kg, twice daily) upregulates the expression of GABA(A)R delta subunits and enhances the tonic inhibition mediated by these receptors in dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs). These changes in males as well as ovarian cycle-induced changes in females can be blocked by finasteride, an antagonist of neurosteroid synthesis from progesterone.

inhibierender GABA Neurotransmittor inhibierender GABA Neurotransmittor hemmt präpuberträre GnRH-hemmt präpuberträre GnRH-

FreisetzungFreisetzung

Endocrine Reviews 22,111(2001)Endocrine Reviews 22,111(2001)

THE LANCET – Vol 358 Sep 8, 2001

Gender-specific diseases Known antigens

Addison´s disease 21-hydroxylaseCoeliac disease Tissue transglutaminaseType 1 diabetes GAD-65, insulin, IA-2AGraves´hyperthyroidism Thyroid-stimulating-

hormone receptorHashimoto´s thyroiditis Thyroid peroxidase,

thyroglobulinMyasthenia gravis Acetylcholine receptorGoodpasture´s syndrome TypeIV collagenPemphigus vulgaris Desmoglein 3Pernicious anaemia H/KATPase, intrinsic factorPrimary biliary cirrhosis E2 PDCVitiligo Tyrosinase, SOX-10Multiple sclerosis Myelin basic protein, myelin

oligodendritic glycoprotein

Systemic diseases

Systemic lupus Spliceosomal snRNP, Ro/Laerythematosus (SSA/SSB) particle,

histone and native DNASjögren´s syndrome Ro/La ribonuclear particle,

muscarinic receptorRheumatoid arthritis Citrillunated cyclic, peptide,

IgMDermatomyositis/polymyositis t-RNA synthetasesDiffuse systemic sclerosis TopoisomeraseLimited systemic sclerosis Centromere proteins(CREST)CREST= calcinosis, Raynaud´s phenomenon,

oesophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia.

Nat Med. 2007 Mar;13(3):245-6

SLEEP APNOE SYNDROM NIMMT IN MENOPAUSE ZU

Block AJ et al.Am J Med 1980; 69:75-79

Leech JA et al. Chest 1988; 94:983-988

60% OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN HAD NOCTURAL

DESATURATION, HYPOPNEAS, APNEAS, WHEREAS ONLY 11% OF PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN HAD

SUCH EVENT

Block AJ et al.Am J Med 1980; 69:75-79

IN PCO PATIENTINNEN20 – 44% SCHAFAPNOE

Vgontzas AN et al.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:517-520

PROGESTERON ERHÖHT GENIOGLOSSALE MUSKELAKTIVITÄT

Popovic RM et al.A Appl Physiol 1998; 84:1055-1062

ALKOHOL REDUZIERT DIE GENIOGLOSSALE

MUSKELAKTIVITÄT IN DER FOLLIKELPHASE, NICHT JEDOCH

IN LUTEALPHASE

Leiter JC et al.Am Rev Respir Dis 1987, 135:383-386

PROGESTERON SUBSTITUTION VERBESSERT

PRÄMENSTRUELLESASTHMA

Lancet 1988; 2:370

ASTHMA• CHRON. INFLAMMATION DER

LUFTWEGE MIT DEREN EINSCHRÄNKUNG

• FRAUEN HÄUFIGER BETROFFEN

• PRÄMENSTRUELLE ZUNAHME

ASTHMA

• ERHÖHTE IgE KONZENTRATION

• EOSINOPHILE

• Th2 ZYTOKINE VERMEHRT

ÖSTRADIOL

• VERSCHIEBT ZYTOKINE IN Th2 RICHTUNG

• REGT NO SYNTHASE AN

DIAMINOXYDASE IN EXTRAUTERINEN ORGANEN

DURCH ÖSTROGEN GEHEMMT:

URTIKARIARHINITISLIDÖDEM

REIZDARMDYSMENORRHOE

DIAMINOXIDASE DURCH ALKOHOL GEHEMMT

HISTAMINRHINITIS ALLERGICA

ASTHMA BRONCHIALEURTIKARIA

TACHYKARDIENINTESTINALE BESCHWERDEN

SCHWELLUNG DER AUGENLIDER