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International Conference TOWARDS NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS
Aalborg University (Sydhaven) , Copenhagen, Denmark Tuesday, April 30th, 2013
Session E : Lessons learned from NetZEB Annex 52 Case studies Recommended building solutions
Michael Donn & François Garde Sub Task leaders / SubTask C IEA SHC Task 40 / ECBCS Annex 52 Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings TASK 40/ANNEX 52
Who we are
Prof. François Garde - Director of Sustainable
Construction Department - ESIROI, Université de la
Réunion - Coordinator IEA NetZEB STC Dr Michael Donn - Victoria University SOAD - CBPR - Coordinator IEA NetZEB STC
http://moyakarta.ucoz.ru/rastr/anti-world-map.jpg
Latitude 40
Latitude 20
Net ZEB: What is going on ?
IEA Task 40/Annex 52 Towards Net Zero Solar Energy Buildings www.iea-shc.org/task40
Target : Joint international research to advance NZEB to practical reality in the marketplace. Subtask A: Definitions and Implication (Germany/Italy) Subtask B: Design process and tools (Canada) Subtask C: Development of solution sets for different climates, building types and functions (Reunion/FRA, NZ) Subtask D: Dissemination and Outreach (Canada)
7 mandatory criteria: 30 NZEB identified worldwide so far Web data base
IEA Task 40/Annex 52 : 19 Countries involved Towards Net Solar Energy Buildings
Singapore
IEA – Task 40/Annex 52 : “Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings” 19 countries involved 30 buildings Cooling Challenges;
Heating Challenges; Heating AND Cooling Challenges.
International Conference TOWARDS NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS
Aalborg University (Sydhaven) , Copenhagen, Denmark Tuesday, April 30th, 2013
Pixel Schiestk-Schutzhütte
Sundays Elithis Tower
Green Office
Kyoto Highschool Limeil Brevannes
Pantin primary school
IES Cargese
ENERPOS Meridian
Daycare in Monheim
Prim. sch. in HohenNeuendorf
Lajon school
Ilet du centre
Solar XXI
CIrce
Marché international
Zero Energy Building at BCA
Plus Energy houses « weiz » EcoTerra
Riverdale
Plus energy settlement Kraftwerk
Leaf House Lima
Kleehauser
Energy Flex Family Riehen
The netZEB balance concept
Igor Sartori , Assunta Napolitano , Karsten Voss
Energy and Buildings Volume 48 2012 220 - 232 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.01.032
Monitored data vs design data – Non Res
Monitored data vs design data – Res
11
Thermal comfort in hot conditions
• Two main principles: – Solar protection – Cross natural ventilation
Comfort approach Givoni zones of comfort
Building climate analysis
• Classify Temperature, Humidity, Solar, Daylight and Wind climates for the
use in generalising Solution Sets
• Initial study - traditional external climate classification did not
account for the non-residential building challenges.
Residential = Heating dominated
Non-Residential = Heating dominated
• Accounts for local climate and building standards
Climate Analysis
Site Context
What are solution sets ?
1. Building Challenge Solution Set - The set of solutions used to lower the energy needed by a particular building challenge.
2. Whole Building
Solution Set - The set of solutions used to lower the energy consumption of the whole building.
Design Hierarchy and Solution Sets
Many ‘Solutions’
Case Study - Enerpos
Passive design Solutions • Cross ventilated • Solar shading • Large windows for daylighting
Energy efficiency
Solutions • T5 lightings • Ceiling fans
Renewable Energy Solutions • PV (50 kWp)
ENERPOS on Reunion Island U-values
• Roof : 0,34 W/m2.K • Walls : 3,45 W/m2.K
BiPV Roofs 370 m²/49 kWp
Monitoring - Energy use and production
• Energy use (Net Floor Area ; Final Energy) : 14 kWh/m².y
• Production (Net Floor Area ; Final Energy) : 78 kWh/m².y
Consumption is 10 times less than a standard university building in Reunion Island
• Max load: 8 W/m² 4 times less than a standard building
• Mismatch?
ENERPOS is net zero on an annual,
monthly and daily scale
Comfort approach
Maximum allowable indoor temperature with natural ventilation and ceiling fans => 30°C
100% 97% 92% 93% 90% 93% 77% 45%
Comfort > 80% Comfort < 80%
POE - User feedback
6 case studies
Canada to Brisbane Denmark to Reunion Island Melbourne to Oslo Lisbon to Santiago Wellington to Roma Reunion Isl. to Christchurch
Solution set identification – Performance Sketch: major design ideas? – Change Climate – new solution set(s)?
Givoni Comfort Analysis – BEES template based EnergyPlus models
Performance Sketch Energy Analysis – BEES template based EnergyPlus models
PIXEL in Melbourne
Passive measures • Cooling:
• Green Roof • Solar shading • Natural Ventilation • Tinted glass
• Heating:
• Heat recovery ventilator
• Daylight systems:
• Exterior fixed solar shading
The BUILDING
Energy efficiency measures
• Artificial Lighting: 3 W/m2
• Computer Network: 4.2 W/m2
• Plug load: 10 W/m2
• Hydronic in-slab pipework in chilled ceilling
The BUILDING
Energy Generation
• PV
• Wind
The BUILDING
PIXEL in Oslo
Melbourne
Oslo
SOUTH
PV Wind Turbines
NORTH
Glazing
Shading
Night cooling
Insulation
Lighting Power Density & controls
STPV
Orientation
Ventilation
PIXEL in Oslo
Passive solutions - Re-orient - No night cooling - Double glazing - Shade transparency - Insulation - Natural ventilation EES - Increase lighting power density - Lighting controls RES - PV on the roof - Semi-transparent PV for the shading Estimated NZEB
Overheating
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Hum
idity ratio (g water/kg dry air)
Temperature (°C)
With natural ventilation (in summer)
Energyflex : overall picture
Location : Copenhagen, Denmark 2 buildings with different activities JUST 1 BUILDING STUDIED: family house – 4 people! Net floor area per building: 216m² Ground floor: bedrooms – 1st floor: living spaces
Energyflex : original solutions set
• Passive design techniques • Volume to surface ratio: 0.55 [1/m] compact! • High insulation:
average Uopaque = 0.1 [W/m²K] Uglazed = 0.75 [W/m²K]
• Energy efficiency technologies • Floor heating coupled with ground source heat pump • Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and coupled with heat
pump
• Renewable enegy technologies • Fixed photovoltaics • Solar thermal domestic hot water
Location change
Copenhagen, Denmark
St Pierre, La Réunion
Climatic conditions Outdoor temperature
Copenhagen, Denmark St Pierre, La Réunion
Heating dominated Cooling dominated
Not so much comfort in 1m/s zone…we have to go to 2m/s! HIGHER NATURAL VENTILATION AND CEILING FANS!
BASE CASE from DENMARK To REUNION ISLAND
% of comfort (0 m/s) 13%
% of comfort (1 m/s) 56%
Hrs of discomf. (0m/s) 7579 h
Hrs of discomf. (1m/s) 3824 h
Base case : La Reunion
Energyflex Family in Reunion New solutions set
• Cross natural ventilation, high porosity, • Ceiling fans • Large shading • High insulation of the roof (maintained) • Low thermal mass and low insulation of the
walls • No double glazing, louvres. Change of the pattern but not the shape of the building (life outside!)
Conclusions Recommended building solutions
• NZEB are narrow buildings for daylighting and cross ventilation
• Air-conditioning can be avoided
• Crucial role of ceiling fans (even for cold climates)
• Comfort, comfort, comfort
• Integration of the role of the users at the early design stage
Lessons Learned • Aim of Lessons Learned:
– Understand the issues related to the design and technologies of the net zero energy building method
• Interviewed design teams • 7 of the 30 Cases examined:
– Non-residential – Office and Education
• IDP – essential
• Energy Performance must be early goal
• Hierarchy when designing Net ZEBs : Passive Design → Energy Efficiency Systems → Renewable Energy Solutions.
• Energy end-use: office equipment 50%.
• Ceiling fans, instead of active cooling 18-30°C comfort band works in any climate when coupled with natural ventilation and ceiling fans
Ceiling fans Green Office - Paris