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7/27/2019 Glazing Overheads
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Advanced Glazing
Karsten Voss, Werner Platzer - Fraunhofer ISE
Paul Robinson, Oxford Brooks University
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Glass Technology
Windows Technology
Solar Gain Control Daylighting
Further Options
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Glass Technology
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.2 1 100.5 2 5 5020
Solar and Ambient Radiation
wavelength in um
spectralirradianceinW/mum
Spectralradian
ceinW/mum
global irradiance
eye sensitivity
thermal radiation 0C
thermal radiation 50C
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
10.3 0.5 2
low-iron glass
standard glass
green glass
Basic Glass Types
wavelength in um
transm
ittance
spectral
transmittance
of basic glass
types
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Coating Technology
sputter cathodes
vacuum chamber
sputter plasma unheated glass
Sputter deposition
aerosol spray nozzle
heated glass
Spray pyrolysis
Sputter Deposition Soft Coatings
Spray Pyrolysis Hard Coatings
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.2
transmittance/reflectance
1 10
R/T solar controlR/T solar gain
wavelength [nm]
2 5050.5
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
transmittance/reflectance
0.2 1 10
T
wavelength [m]
R
2 5 20 500.5
Coating Properties
Soft Coating (example: silver based)
Hard Coating (example: tin oxide based)
R- reflectanceT - transmittance
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Heat Transport
edge seal
conduction
glass
thermal
radiation
selective
coating
naturalconvection
wind
f ram
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 10 20 30 40 50
Air
Argon
Kryptonminimum-positions
Gas Fillings
gap width in mm
heat transfer coefficient in W/mK
Example: double glazing
optimum gap width
for different gas fillings
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Spacer
glass
spacer
primary sealant
secondary sealan t
heat flow contour
aluminium spacer
heat flow contour
foam spacer
standard sealing
technology
!
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
U-value in W/mK
g-value in %
double glazing
low-e glazing, 2-panes
low-e gazing, 3-panes
sun protection glass, colour neutral
Glazing Energy Balance
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
trend
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
total energy transmittance in %
light transmittance in %Selectivity
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 10
double glazing
low-e glazing, 2-panes
low-e gazing, 3-panes
sun protection glass, colour neutral
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
advancedglazing
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Windows
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Window Frame Systems:
standard design
timber frame aluminium frame plastic frame
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Window Frame Systems:
low heat loss design
polyurethan
timber
- 10C 20C
insulated
timber frame,
triple glazing,
U= 0,5 W/mK
Source: eurotec
isothermalcontour
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Window Frame Systems:
low heat loss design
Highly insulated
aluminium frame,
double glazing
with plastic films
U = 0,6 W/mK
Source: Geilinger
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Solar Gain Control
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Solar Gain Control: Glazing Integrated Blinds
Product variants coated plastic films with
smooth or structures surfaces
venetian blinds, moveable louvers, rotateable
+
mechanical protection increased solar gain control
compared to internal blinds
-
decreased solar gain control
compared to external blinds
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
Example: Hunter Douglas Luxaclair
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
temperature in C
transmittance in %
solar
visual
100
80
60
40
20
0
20 30 40 50 60
Switchable Glazing Technology, passive
thermotropic
materials
status 2000:
prototypes
glass
polymer
blend
20
60 C
glass
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Switchable Glazing Technology, active
status 2000:
glass
3WO
electrolyt
ion storage
+
-
+ +
transparent electrode
coloured
glass
WO
catalyst
3
0,5 mm
- H
- O (air)
2
2 clear
electrochromic gasochromic
initial applications prototyps
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Switchable Glazing Technology, active
Pilkington EControl Interpane IpaControl
Stadtsparkasse Dresden prototyp sample
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Transparent Sun Protection
with Glass Louvers
+
visual ambient contact light guiding effect
-
reflective appearance
only moderate
solar gain control
high cost
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Daylighting
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Light Directing Glazing: Mirror Optics
Source: Okalux
example: OkaSolarmirror profiles
internal
glass
external
glass sun altitude 25
sun altitude 60
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Light Directing Glazing: Total Reflection
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
Abstandshalter
Luftschlitze (Kavernen)
Abdichtung
PMMA - Inlett
Glas auen
4 mm 8 mm
Glas innen
28 mm
5,5mm
sealing
spacer
air cavities
acrylic inlet
glass, external
glass, internal
example: Inglas Y
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Light Directing Glazing: Total Reflection
internal glass with
structured surface
acrylic profiles
external glass
example: Vegla Lumitop
Source: ILB, Kln
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Transparent Insulation:
Daylighting
capillary structure daylight wall building example
production hall, Salzgitter, Germany
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Further Options
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
Transparent Insulation:
Solar Wall Heating
capillary structure TI glazing building example
apartment building,
Gundelfingen, Germany
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
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Education of Architects in Solar Energy and Environment
E A
S E
PV Glazing
solar control combinedwith electric energy yield
Source: Fraunhofer ISE
art museum ZKM , Karlsruhe, Germany