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Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 1
Creative Thinking Process
薛智文台大資工
[email protected]://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~chsueh/
“It is difficult to say what is impossible, for the dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow.”
- Robert H. Goddard
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 2
工欲善其事、必先利其器
• To excel in research, we must sharpen our skills in • positioning R&D strategically• identifying and formulating high impact problems• communicating ideas and results effectively
The entrance to graduate school marks a critical phase of transition for most graduate students from absorbing knowledge to creating knowledge…
- Prof. Lui Sha, UIUC
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 3
Cone of Learning (Edgar Dale)
• After two weeks, we tend to remember:
• Passive learning:• 10% of what we read• 20% of what we hear• 30% of what we see (pictures)• 50% of what we hear and see
• Active learning:• 70% of what we say• 90% of what we say and do
The more energy that you put into a subject, the more you can remember.
- Prof. Lui Sha, UIUC
So we want you to say and do in this workshop
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 5
Level of Educational Objectives (B. S. Bloom)
• Level 1: Knowledge: List, and recite
• Level 2: Comprehension: Explain, and paraphrase
• Level 3: Application: Calculate, solve, determine, and apply
• Level 4: Analysis: Classify, categorize, derive, and model
• Level 5: Synthesis: create, predict, construct, design, imagine, improve, and propose
• Level 6: Evaluation: judge, critique, verify, and debate
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 6
R. Keith Sawyer
• Innovation requires no special thought processes, says an expert. Creative people just work harder at it.
• Ideas don’t magically appear in a genius’ head from nowhere. They always build on what came before. And collaboration is key.
• Creative people have tons of ideas, many of them bad. The trick is to evaluate them and mercilessly purge the bad ones. But even bad ideas can be useful.
from “The Hidden Secrets of the Creative Mind”Time Magazine, Jan. 16, 2006
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 7
Why You Should Learn Creative Thinking Process ?!
You don’t want to be the lower part of M-Society. ( 下流社會 --
中產階級蒸發了), Mar
15, 2006
• It’s your responsibility and duty as a person living in Taiwan.
• Recognize yourself.
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 8
What’s Next about Taiwan and You?
• The World is FLAT.• Are we still in East Asian Four Tigers?• How could we compete with BRICs?
• What is the role of Taiwan in the world?• Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)• Original Design Manufacturer (ODM)• Intellectual Property Creator (IPC)
• What are you going to do after graduation?• Be an engineer or a scientist?• Be a professor?• Be an enterpriser?• Any else, for example… ?
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 9
Basic Elements of Successful R&D
• How to transit from lower levels of learning to higher levels of learning: a shift • from a focus on recites, apply and solve
• to a focus on categorize, critique, and create.
• What are the habits that you plan to• Overcome?
• Cultivate?
Active learning and thinking at higher levels
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 10
• What is gift and what is your gift?
• To what degree it overlaps with your interests?
• “May the force be with you”: what are forces in R&D that can help you?
1. Positioning your research
Basic Elements of Successful R&D
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 11
Research Focus
Societal Needs
Gifts
Interests
Research Focus
The path to success consists of three simple elements.Find what interests you1 that you can do well2, and is needed by the people3.
- Prof. Lui Sha, UIUC
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 12
Being Wisdom - Understanding Yourself
• What is easier for you?• Writing a complex software program?• Proving a difficult theorem?
• What excites the community at large and what excites you?
• Does it play into your strength?
Understand others is intelligence.Understand yourself is wisdom.
知 人 者 智 , 自 知 者 明 - Lao Tze
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 13
• What is the role of concrete application scenarios in research?
• How do you spot opportunities that could create new trends of R&D?
• What is the key factor that makes a result significant?
• What are the categories of research and their• Risks• Impacts
2. Developing a R&D road map
Basic Elements of Successful R&D
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 14
Creating an Exciting Application Scenario
• Exciting application scenarios will• motivate you,• expose the limitations of existing solutions, and• help you to focus your efforts.
“As a mathematical discipline travels far from its empirical source, or still more, if it is a second and third generation only indirectly inspired by the ideas coming from ‘reality,’ it is beset with very grave dangers.…that the stream, so far from its source, will separate into a multitude of insignificant branches, and that the discipline will become a disorganized mass of details and complexities.”
- John Von Neumann, “The Mathematician,” 1957
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 15
Thinking Out-of-Box
• Most researchers/engineers are constrained by models and generally accepted assumptions of the real world. But our knowledge of the nature is never perfect, and the underlining technologies are rapidly changing.• Velocity of light is constant – embrace it as a low of physic
s and we have the theory of relativity.
• Clients request and server computes… -- Why not send some of the code to client instead?
• E.g.,• Is TCP appropriate for wireless communication?• Is fairness a good metric for real-time computing?
Great advancements in science and engineering often are the repudiation (rejection) of generally accepted beliefs.
- Anonymous
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 16
Pick the Right Problems to Work on
• What is the difference between a theorem and a homework problem to be proven by students?• Both were proven to be correct.• In fact, some homework problems are harder than
some of the theorems.• E.g., stack scheduling protocol and priority ceiling
protocol are easy but useful.
• Therefore…If we decide to spend time on a problem, shouldn’t we work on a problem with greater potential impacts?Of course, you should persuade your advisor if you find a great impact topic. ^^
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 17
Know What has been Done and Estimate the Impacts
• New directions• Challenging long-held beliefs and pioneering a new path
• Broad applicability• For the further development of the theory
• For solving practical problems
• Unification / Integration• Proving a unifying structure or theory and give deeper
understanding to seemingly diversified approaches
• Advancement along an established line of inquires• You need to significantly improve performance, reliability,
or scale.
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 18
• How can we help audience understand your points?What should be made concise and what should be elaborated?
• How can we make our presentations?
3. Getting Your Ideas across
Basic Elements of Successful R&D
‧More informativeMore interesting‧More insightful‧
- Prof. Lui Sha, UIUC
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 19
Impart an Understanding
• Understanding is an act that builds a bridge between what your audience already know to what they need to know.
• Focus on key ideas and key results, go from specific to general and from concrete to abstract.
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 20
Managing Human “cache memory”
• Human short term memory can only hold about 5 unfamiliar items
• Don’t load it up with unimportant details.
• Suppose you need to present an OS overhead formula unfamiliar to your audience, (2S + …).
• Don’t say we now add “two S” to …. This forces others to remember what S means. Poor use of human short term memory.
• Say we add “round trip context switching time to…”
• Think carefully about the new ideas you want your audience to absorb.
• Keep them in the “cache” by periodic refreshing during your talk, until your audience “write the new ideas” into their long term memory.
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 21
Techniques that help get ideas across
Techniques that reduce “unfamiliarity” and help “write through”:
‧Read out the physical meaning of the terms.
‧Use analogy familiar to your audience.
An ideal presentation is one that is:
‧Informative
‧Interesting
‧Insightful
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 22
Being Informative
• “New” is relative to your audience.• What they already know?• What they should know after your presentation?• What are the steps in-between?
• For example:• Managers: the key ideas, expected impacts, and
costs.• Experts: new challenges and new insights/results
Inform: give new knowledge…
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 23
Being Interesting
• Seemingly unimportant fact that actually holds the key
• Seemingly true but it is in fact false
• A “difficult” problem is solved with ease and elegance.
Interesting: unexpected, counter intuitive, difficult to believe
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 24
Being Insightful
• Explain a seemingly complex and confusing problem in a way that is easy to understand.
• Unearth hidden/unstated assumptions. And quickly put an argument to rest.
• Show things in new angles, new lights and new forms and gain new understandings.
• Demonstrate subtle but important connections/inter-dependencies between seemingly unrelated subjects.
Insight: impart a deeper understanding
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 25
Syllabus
• Meeting 0: Introduction
• Meeting 1: Creative thinking process, case study, and team formation
• Meeting 2: Presentation – each team should propose two potential research topics.
• Meeting 3: Discussion and refinement
• Meeting 4: Presentation (,discussion, and refinement) – each team should further elaborate one research topic.
• Meeting 5: Final presentation
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 26
Assignment
• Each one has to prepare a five-minute presentation, which should introduce:• The global trends that you think• Your interests• Your gifts/strengths• The trends related to your interests or strengths
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 27
“The Creative Thinking Process”Workshop
Meeting 1
Creativity is a mechanical and learnable process.
- Prof. Lui Sha, UIUC
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 28
Creative Thinking Process
• Identify potential research topics in the context of people’s gifts and interests.
• Position the research focus on the intersection of your gifts, your interests, and societal needs.
• Examine the Trends
• How the idea relates to the research trends?• What are the key related works?• How to spot opportunities that could create new trends?
• Look deeper into the Challenges• What can be solved by current technology?• What needs to be invented?• What is the estimated effort?• What is the key factor that makes a result significant?
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 29
Creative Thinking Process (Cont.)
• Estimate the Impacts• What are the categories of research and their
risks/impacts?• new directions, unification/integration, broad applicability,
incremental improvements.
• Look ahead into the Future• What else will the future technology enable?• What are the new and exciting application scenarios that
established technologies stop working?• What is truly hard and what can be removed from your
design?• understand the true nature of constraints and separate the
hard constraints from the soft ones.
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 30
Creative Thinking Process (Cont)
• Expand to a Device Family• A group of devices where each member is complemented
and reinforced with each other .• What are their intrinsic characteristics?• What are their strength and limitations?
• Layout an Elegant Architecture• Optimally use the advantages of each member.
• Build Low Level Details• Publish papers and file patent.• Create new architectures, protocols,…• Prototype demonstration and identify industrial partners.
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 31
End Products
• From incremental improvements to existing architectures & product lines
• To the creation of a new product line• architecturally different from the existing products• new form of information sharing and exchanging• enabled by emerging technologies
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 32
Trends
Challenges
Impacts
Future
Device Family
Architecture
Details
societal needs
gifts
interests
Research focus & next-wave technology
A New
Product Line
The Process to Find the Next-Wave Technology
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 33
Creative Thinking Process - Summary
IdentifyPotential Research Topics Trends
ElegantArchitecture
Extend toDevice Family
Impacts
Challenges
Look Further
BuildLow-Level Details
Look Deeper
How the idea relates to research trends?
Key related works Estimated efforts
What needs to be invented?
What are the key factor/cores?
What can be solved by current technology?
Expected impacts
Nature of impacts
New directions
Broad applicability
Unification/integration
Incremental
What else will the future technology enable?
Role Settingfor Each Member
Intrinsic characteristics
Strength and limitations
Optimally use the advantages
Creative Process-Mechanical-Learnable
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 34
Successful Stories
• Apple Computer Company
• E-Ink Corporation
• Discussion
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 35
Case 1The Apple Computer Company
Steven Wozniak and Steve Jobs had been friends in high school. They had both been interested in electronics, and both had been perceived as outsiders. They kept in touch after graduation, and both ended up dropping out of school and getting jobs working for companies in Silicon Valley. (Steven Wozniak for Hewlett-Packard, Steve Jobs for Atari)
Apple Computer was born on April 1, 1976. At that time Jobs was 21 and Wozniak was 26.
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 36
Product History (1/2)
1976 Apple I
1977 Apple II
1983 Lisa / Lisa 2 / Mac XL
1984 Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Macintosh
1987 Macintosh II
1989 Macintosh Portable
1991 Power Book
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 37
Product History (2/2)
1993 Newton Message Pad
Macintosh Color Classic II
1994 Power Macintosh
1998 iMac
1999 iBook
2004 iPod Mini
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 38
Steve Jobs
• He is the CEO of Apple Computer and the Chairman and CEO of Pixar Animation Studios.
• He was stripped his duties in 1985. After that, he founded NeXT Computer.
• In 1986, Steve Jobs bought Lucasfilm's computer graphics division from George Lucas for $10 million and named the new computer animation studio Pixar.
• In 1996, Apple bought NeXT for $402 million, bringing Jobs back to the company he founded.
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 39
Case 2The E-Ink Corporation
Electronic Ink is a display technology designed to mimic the appearance of regular ink on paper. Unlike a conventional flat panel display, which uses a backlight to illuminate its pixels, electronic paper reflects light like ordinary paper and is capable of holding text and images indefinitely without drawing electricity or using processor power; as these resources are only required to change or erase the image.
Sony Librie EBR-1000EP, 2004
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 41
Product Lines
• High Resolution Displays
• Segmented Displays
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 42
Discussion
• Please give us your opinions.
• How to keep a company alive?
• Does every creative product work?
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 43
Reference
• http://www.apple.com
• http://www.apple-history.com/
• http://www.eink.com/
• http://www.wikipedia.org/
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 44
Homework 2
• Team formation – 2 to 4 people in a team
• Select one possible research topic or new product. The slides should includes:• The trend related to your topic• Your topic or your product• Target feature or system architecture• Claimed goal (give us the killer application if possible)• Key related work such as paper or data sheets• The Strength of each member related to your topic• Related issues and challenges when marching to the goal
(rank the priority of these challenges)• List possible future technologies related to your topic in the
future if needed
• Expected Impacts
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 45
Q&A
• Q1. 據在業界的父母說,台灣的資工人才由於能力不敵大陸及印度,國外公司都不喜歡用台灣的資訊工程師,而學生缺乏哪些能力呢 ? 教授對此一現象的看法為何 ??
• Ans: 父母說的都對!不對的是我們自己。• 智力 耐力 生產力 溝通力 英語• 創造力 解決問題 團隊合作
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 46
Q&A
• Q2. 近年來國內指考分數資工系有逐漸向下的趨勢,教授的看法是 ?
• Ans: 認識自己 資訊最適性
時勢所驅 資訊最寬廣
資訊科學
資訊工程
Computer Science and Information Engineering
資訊管理
資訊教育
生物資訊
醫學資訊
圖書資訊
金融資訊
資訊電子
資訊服務
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 47
Q&A
• Q3. 未來資工系大學生畢業後,在找工作上占有什麼優勢 ? 未來可從哪方面的相關部門著手 ?
• Ans: 了解事情的本質 不怕沒優勢 只怕沒本事
• R&D Engineer, Product Manager, Project Manager, Field Application Engineer, Sales, Marketing, CTO, CIO, CSO, CMO, COO, CEO, President, …
• 比創意與願景所要具備的能力 • 市場 格局 架構 組織團隊 想像力 創造力 執行力
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 49
工研院創意中心
• 魔境 水之械 廢土花盆 吸水泥土 光電共生原生植物園 導電玻璃罐 影舞集
innovator adaptormoderate
innovation
future
before
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 50
Conclusion
• 台灣製造台灣創造• 削弱補習班文化• 創意心法
• neuro-linguistic programming
• Innovation = invention + insight
• 個人成功要件• skills + expertise + intrinsic motivation (passion)
• 團隊成功要件• people + product + press (氛圍) + platform
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 51
Valuable Life
year
Value
20
-Value
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1100 10
Sep 25 1006 The Creative Thinking Process @CSIE.CCU 52
It’s not Luck
• Eliyahu M. Goldratt
• Theory of Constraints (TOC)• constraints• limitations• conflicts• ?• solutions