Seismic Testing of Full Scale Seismic Testing of Full Scale Fluid Viscous DampersFluid Viscous Dampers

Douglas P. Taylor, President

NEES-MCEER Annual MeetingTaylor Devices, Inc.

Hyatt Regency Hotel –

Buffalo, NYJune 11, 2011

June 9-11, 2011

Founded in 1955 by Paul H. Taylor

Traditional business is 40% military with commercial products based on proven military designs

Product LinesDampersShock AbsorbersVibration IsolatorsGun MountsShock Transmission DevicesFluid SpringsAir SpringsShock Isolation SystemsSatellite Deployment Systems

TAYLOR DEVICES INCORPORATED

16 Airport Structures

19 Hospitals

15 Stadiums

Los Angeles and Hayward City Halls in California

San Francisco Civic Center

Tokyo-Rinkai

Hospital

Jimbo-Cho

Office Building, Tokyo

San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge

Millennium Bridge Retrofit in the U.K.

26 Tall Buildings, including the Petronas

Twin Towers in Malaysia

~

274 Buildings, 117 Bridges to Date ~

PROJECT OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION DAMPER TESTINGTaylor Devices’

Policy: 100% of all Fluid Viscous Dampers produced shall be subjected to acceptance tests at full scale. These include the following tests on all units:

Static proof pressure testsFull force / full velocity cyclic load test

These are the minimum

tests to be performed. For product liability and proof of design performance, additional tests may be required for specific customer requirements. These additional tests may include:Sine wave test –

variable frequency and amplitudeExtreme temperature testsAccelerated life cycle testsOffset load testsWind cycling testsUltimate load testsDrop weight testing for blast simulationFull scale structural testing

TAYLOR DEVICES’

TESTING CAPABILITIES

High Velocity Hydraulic Test Stands ~

Four separate test stands, up to 1,000 mt

output force

Velocity to 2.5 m/s

Vertical Drop Testing ~

Seven separate drop rails, up to 30 mt

drop weight

Test forces up to 2,800 mt

Velocity to 14 m/s

All instruments calibrated traceable to NIST

Digital data acquisition, processing via LabVIEW

software, 50 channel capability

TAYLOR DEVICES’

TESTING CERTIFICATIONS AND ACCREDITATIONS

AS 9100B

EN 9100B

ISO 9001:2000

NASA Quality Specification NHB-5300.4(1C)

U.S. Government Military Standards ~

MIL-Q-9858A

MIL-I-45208A

MIL-STD-45662

CE Stamp per EN-15129

TEST MACHINE PHOTOGRAPHS

Hydraulic Stand180 mt

capacity at 2.5 m/sStroke = ±

0.63 mMax frequency = 4.5 Hz

TEST MACHINE PHOTOGRAPHS

Hydraulic Stand180 mt

capacity at 2.5 m/sStroke = ±

0.63 mMax frequency = 4.5 Hz

TEST MACHINE PHOTOGRAPHSHydraulic Stand1,000 mt

capacity at 1 m/s

–

full bore- or -

360 mt

capacity at 2 m/s

–

liner installedStroke = ±

0.5 mMax frequency = 3 Hz

TEST MACHINE PHOTOGRAPHSHydraulic Stand1,000 mt

capacity at 1 m/s

–

full bore- or -

360 mt

capacity at 2 m/s

–

liner installedStroke = ±

0.5 mMax frequency = 3 Hz

TEST MACHINE PHOTOGRAPHSHeavyweight Drop Test StandMaximum drop weight = 30 mtMaximum impact velocity = 14 m/sGround node force capacity = 2,800 mtGround node first mode frequency = 970 HzGround node weight:In excess of 1,600 mtSingle pour concrete with rebar cageRests on 150 blow count glacial till,

2 m above shale bedrock

STATIC PROOF TESTS –

ALL DAMPERS PRODUCEDTest description:Each damper is statically pressurized to a minimum pressure equivalent to that resulting at 125% of maximum rated damper loadOnce the proof pressure is obtained, it is to be held for a minimum of 180 seconds

Success criteria:No yieldNo leaksNo breaks

Test results verify:Seal integrityPressure vessel strengthProduct long-term integrity in lieu of performing fracture mechanics analysis on individual parts

FULL FORCE / FULL VELOCITY CYCLIC LOAD TEST FIRST PIECE PRODUCTION FOR ANY PROJECT

A series of sine wave test inputs are used to obtain a plot of force vs. velocity for the first piece produced for each project

First piece test results verify the required damping function

Test are normally run at 22C, with other test temperatures if required by contract

Test results verify:

Maximum output force

Required damping function:

F = CVα

C = Damping Coefficientα

= Damping Exponent

FULL FORCE / FULL VELOCITY CYCLIC LOAD TEST OF PRODUCTION UNITS

Test description:

Depending on customer requirements, each damper is subjected to one of the following:

Simple push test to verify force at full rated velocity

Same as above, but a full sine wave checking output in compression and extension

Multiple sine waves at frequencies and displacements specified by customer

Test results verify:

Maximum force capability at maximum rated velocity

DAMPER TEST VIDEOS

Single cycle sine wave overload test at 150% maximum rated velocity

This was a customer specified test. Force level = 2,600 kN

DAMPER TEST VIDEOS

Three cycle sine wave test at 100% maximum rated velocity

This was a customer specified test. Force level = 2,000 kN

DAMPER TEST VIDEOS

High velocity drop test

Shock absorber used on blast-resistant wall section

Impact speed = 14 m/s

Output force = 450,000 Nt

DAMPER TESTS / EVALUATION IN STRUCTURES ~NORMALLY PERFORMED AS INITIAL RESEARCH

Performed to demonstrate that the technology actually improves performance

Determines the robustness of the technology

Validates computer modeling, computational dynamics, and software

Typically performed with ¼

to ½

scale building and bridge models

Test results verify:

Design performance

Modeling techniques for implementation

SCALED STRUCTURAL TESTING

NEES Laboratory at SUNY Buffalo 2007

Uplift with Dampers

SCALED STRUCTURAL TEST VIDEO

FULL SCALE DAMPER TESTS IN STRUCTURES ~

True full scale structural tests are the exception to the rule

Some exceptions:

NEESWood

–

full scale residential house test

E-Defense tests in Japan

FULL SCALE STRUCTURAL TESTSE-Defense Multi-Story Building Test - 2009

Added damping

12%, 100 mt

force per damper

CONCLUSIONS

All dampers delivered to a jobsite require testing for product liability considerations

All dampers must be proof pressure tested to verify pressure vessel and seal integrity

All dampers must be dynamically tested to full rated force at full rated velocity to verify load capability

First piece production tests required to verify damping function and other generic testing specified by a particular customer requirement

Any damper of a “new design”

or “new style”

must be subjected to independent testing installed in a structural model

to verify the design attributes and validate damper model using representative structural design software

Full scale structural testing is reserved only for projects with

sufficient budget levels