Secondary Productivity and the Fate Secondary Productivity and the Fate of Organic Matterof Organic Matter

-- Secondary ProductivitySecondary Productivity refers to production by refers to production by heterotrophicheterotrophic organisms organisms

-- This production comes about by consumption of organic material This production comes about by consumption of organic material

produced by either 1produced by either 1oo producers or other 2 producers or other 2oo producers. producers.

North Sea Food WebNorth Sea Food Web

Development of White BassDevelopment of White Bass

Food Chain ConceptFood Chain Concept

PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton

ZooplanktonZooplankton

Size ConsiderationsSize Considerations

Example of Food Chain CalculationsExample of Food Chain Calculations

Global Comparisons of Marine Food ChainsGlobal Comparisons of Marine Food Chains

Ryther’s Estimates of World Fish ProductionRyther’s Estimates of World Fish Production

Global Commercial Fish HarvestGlobal Commercial Fish Harvest

Southern Ocean Food WebSouthern Ocean Food Web

Krill as a keystone prey speciesKrill as a keystone prey species

Antarctic Commercial FishingAntarctic Commercial Fishing

Krill Distributions are PatchyKrill Distributions are Patchy

Antarctic Peninsula: Krill Fishery Grounds; Antarctic Peninsula: Krill Fishery Grounds; Seal and Seabird ColoniesSeal and Seabird Colonies

Chinstrap PenguinsChinstrap Penguins

Krill Patchiness in 3-DimensionsKrill Patchiness in 3-Dimensions

Major ConclusionsMajor Conclusions

-- Penguins correlated with presence of krill, but not necessarily Penguins correlated with presence of krill, but not necessarily

found in areas of highest krill abundance.found in areas of highest krill abundance.

-- Contrary to expectations, penguin surface distribution Contrary to expectations, penguin surface distribution

correlated better with krill distribution between 30 – 50mcorrelated better with krill distribution between 30 – 50m

than with krill distribution between surface – 30m. than with krill distribution between surface – 30m.