The Middle Colonies Ch.  3:    Colonies  Take  Root  

(1587-­‐1752)  Sec<on  3  

1.)  Students  will  describe  the  geography  &    climate  of  the  Middle  Colonies.  

2.)  Students  will  describe  the  early  history  of    New  York  and  New  Jersey.  

3.)  Students  will  explain  how  Pennsylvania      and  Delaware  were  founded.  

4.)  Students  will  explain  how  the  Middle      Colonies  changed  in  the  1600’s  and  early    1700’s.  

Lesson  Objec<ves  

1.)  What  was  the  climate  and  geography  of    the  Middle  Colonies?  

 2.)  Why  were  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware  ?  

 founded?    3.)  What  were  changes  that  took  place  in  the  

 Middle  Colonies  in  the  1600’s  and  early    1700’s?    

 

Preview  Questions

I.  Review  of  The  New  England  Colonies  II.  The  Middle  Colonies  

A.  Geography  of  the  Middle  Colonies  B.  New  York  and  New  Jersey  

1.  New  Netherland  becomes  New  York  2.  New  Jersey  

C.  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware  1.  Penn’s  Holy  Experiment  2.  Delaware:    A  Separate  Colony  

D.  Growth  and  Change  1.  The  Backcountry  2.  Diverse  &  Thriving  Colonies  

Outline  

While  the  New  England  colonies  were  growing,  important  developments  

were  taking  place  in  the  region  south  of  New  England.    We  will  now  learn  

about  the  middle  colonies.  

Background  Review  

Map  of  English  Colonies  

Map  of  English  Colonies  

Geography  of  The  Middle  Colonies-­‐  Title  

• Made  up  of  4  states:    New  York,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey  and  Delaware  • New  York,  now  the  largest  state  has  part  of  the  state  that  extends  into  ocean  for  100  miles.  • Pennsylvania  –  southeastern  part  of  Pennsylvania  is  lowland.  • New  Jersey  –  mostly  lowland  along  the  Atlan<c  coast.    Delaware  also  on  coast  directly  below  it.  

Geography  of  the  Middle  Colonies  

• Farmers  in  the  Middle  Colonies  had  a  much  easier  <me  that  those  in  the  New  England  Colonies.  • The  climate  here  was  warmer  with  a  longer  growing  season.  • Fer<le  soil  was  well  suited  for  crops  like  wheat,  fruits,  and  vegetables.  

Climate  of  the  Middle  Colonies  

Current  Map  of  New  England  

What  condiGons  in  the  Middle  Colonies  favored  farming?  

 (A)      They  had  long  winters    (B)      They  had  more  fer<le  soil    (C  )      They  had  a  longer  plan<ng  season    (D)       A  &  C    (E)          B  &  C    

Checkpoint  –  Farming  

Condi<ons  

New  York  &  New  Jersey  -­‐  Title  

• New  York  began  as  the  Dutch  colony  of  New  Netherland.    It  was  an  economic  success  by  as  early  as  1660.  • Farmers  in  the  Hudson  River  Valley  were  successful.  • Fur  trade  was  booming  between  the  Dutch  and  the  Na<ve  Americans.  • The  Dutch  also  made  money  trading  with  merchants  in  the  Bri<sh  Colonies;  even  though  this  violated  Britain’s  mercan<le  laws  and  angered  the  government.  

New  York  &  New  Jersey  

• New  Netherland’s  problem  was  that  it  had  a  small  Dutch  popula<on;  compared  to  those  of  Swedish,  French,  and  Portuguese.    There  were  even  some  English  sedlers  who  had  landed  on  Long  Island.  • All  of  these  people  resented  Dutch  rule.  

 

New  York  &  New  Jersey  

• In  1664,  King  Charles  II  of  England  granted  the  rights  to  all  of  the  Dutch  lands  in  North  America  to  his  brother  James.    James  sent  a  few  warships  to  conquer  the  territory  and  the  Dutch  surrendered  immediately.  • The  colony  was  then  renamed  New  York,  ager  James,  the  Duke  of  York.  • New  Amsterdam,  it’s  capital,  became  New  York  City.    • By  the  end  of  the  1600’s,  it  was  s<ll  a  village  on  the  end  of  Manhadan,  growing  very  slowly.      • Became  a  royal  colony  in  1685.  

New  Netherland  Becomes  New  York  

New  Jersey  • New  Jersey  was  established  in  1665,  when  part  of  southern  New  York  was  split  off  to  form  a  new  colony.    • At  first,  like  many  other  English  colonies,  it  was  a  proprietary  colony  (created  by  a  grant  of  land  from  a  monarch  to  an  individual  or  family).  • 1702  –  New  Jersey  received  a  new  charter  as  a  royal  colony  (controlled  directly  by  the  English  king).  

What  is  the  difference  in  a  royal  colony  and  a  proprietary  colony?  

 (A)      A  royal  colony  is  controlled  by  the  king;  a  proprietary  colony  is  controlled  by  the  queen    (B)      A  royal  colony  is  controlled  by  the  king;  a  proprietary  colony  is  a  grant  to  an  individual  family  from  a  monarch    (C  )      A  royal  colony  has  it’s  own  king  or  queen;  a  proprietary  colony  does  not.    (D)         None  of  the  above.  

Checkpoint  –  Royal  Colonies  

Pennsylvania  &  Delaware–  Title  

Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  -­‐  Quakers  

• In  the  1640’s  and  1650’s  the  Quakers  were  one  of  a  number  of  new  religious  groups  in  England,  their  ideas  set  them  apart  from  most,  including  Puritans.  • The  Quaker’s  believed  that  all  people  had    a  direct  link  with  God.  • They  also  believed  that  all  people  were  equal  in  God’s  eyes.  • They  were  among  the  first  in  England  to  speak  out  against  slavery.      • Women  were  considered  the  equals  of  men  and  were  ogen  leaders  in  mee<ngs.  

Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  –  William  Penn  

• By  the  1660’s  there  were  thousands  of  Quakers  in  England.      • Many  refused  to  pay  taxes  that  supported  the  Church  of  England.  • William  Penn  was  one  of  their  most  noted  leaders.  • He  wanted  to  find  a  place  for  the  Quakers  to  live  where  they  would  be  free  from  persecu<on.  

• Knowing  King  Charles  II  personally,  he  was  granted  a  charter  for  a  new  colony  in  North  America.      • Received  PENNsylvania  in  1681;  almost  as  large  as  England.  

William  Penn  

Penn’s  Holy  Experiment  

• Penn  arrived  in  the  colony  in  1682.  • He  printed  pamphlets  in  many  languages  and  distributed  them  in  North  America  and  Europe  to  encourage  people  to  come  and  sedle.  • He  considered  this  to  be  a  “holy  experiment”;  where  people  from  different  religious  backgrounds  could  come  and  live  peacefully.  • In  1682  Penn  also  wrote  his  Frame  of  Government.  • This  granted  the  colonists  freedom  of  religion  and  called  for  an  elected  assembly.  

Penn’s  Holy  Experiment  

• Another  part  of  this  experiment  was  trying  to  deal  fairly  with  the  Na<ve  Americans.  • He  would  not  allow  colonists  to  sedle  on  land  un<l  Na<ve  Americans  sold  it  to  them.  • Although  these  rela<ons  weren’t  perfect,  they  were  far  beder  during  Penn’s  life<me  than  those  in  the  other  colonies.  

Penn  &  Na<ve  Americans  

Delaware:    A  Separate  Colony  

• People  from  Sweden  were  the  first  European  sedlers  in  Delaware.  • Dutch  took  control  of  the  colony,  but  lost  it  to  the  English  when  they  lost  New  York.  • Although  the  charter  given  to  William  Penn  included  Delaware,  he  gave  the  area  its  own  representa<ve  assembly.  • Delaware  didn’t  want  to  send  delegates  to  Philadelphia  for  assembly.  

• In  1704,  it  became  a  separate  colony.  

Why  did  William  Penn  refer  to  Pennsylvania  as  a  “holy  experiment?”  

 (A) Because  he  wanted    people  to  be  able  to  prac<ce  religion  free  from  persecu<on.  

(B) Because  he  was  trying  out  a  new  form  of  government;  

(C) Because  he  was  going  to  change  his  religion  

(D) None  of  the  Above    

Checkpoint  –  Holy  Experiment  

Growth  &  Change  –  Title  

Growth  &  Change  –  Local  Farming  

• By  the  1700’s  more  than  20,000  colonists  lived  in  Pennsylvania.  • Farming  boomed  thanks  to  hard  work  &  fer<le  soil.  • Wheat  was  the  top  cash  crop  –  sold  all  over  New  England  and  abroad.  • Pennsylvania  was  referred  to  as  “America’s  bread  basket”  because  of  all  of  the  wheat  sold  

Growth  &  Change  –  Manufacturing  

• Manufacturing  was  just  beginning  during  the  1700’s;  largest  ones  produced  iron,  flour,  and  paper.  • Ar<sans  worked  as  shoemakers,  carpenters,  masons,  and  weavers.  • Among  the  most  important  were  “coopers”,  those  who  made  barrels  to  store  food  to  be  shipped.  

The  Backcountry  

• This  was  a  fron<er  region  extending  through  several  colonies,  from  Pennsylvania  to  Georgia.  • Many  who  sedled  here  were  not  English.  • By  the  1700’s  many  immigrants  were  pushing  south  to  Georgia.    Because  they  ogen  traveled  in  covered  wagons,  this  was  called  the  “Great  Wagon  Road”  • These  travelers  ogen  fought  with  Na<ve  Americans.  

Diverse  &  Thriving  Colonies  

• By  1750,  the  non-­‐English  immigrants  had  made  the  Middle  Colonies  the  most  diverse  part  of  the  English  North  America.      • New  York  and  Philadelphia  were  gaining  people  so  fast  that  they  became  the  largest  ci<es  and  busiest  ports  in  the  colonies.      • All  of  the  colonies  had  thriving  economies.  

Why  was  Pennsylvania  referred  to  as  the  Bread  Basket  of  North  America?  

 (A)      People  there  made  baskets    (B)      The  farmers  grew  a  large  amount  of  wheat    (C  )      The  colonists  loved  bread    (D)         None  of  the  above  

Checkpoint  –  Bread  Basket  

I.  The  Middle  Colonies  A.  Geography  of  the  Middle  Colonies  B.  New  York  and  New  Jersey  

1.  New  Netherland  becomes  New  York  2.  New  Jersey  

C.  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware  1.  Penn’s  Holy  Experiment  2.  Delaware:    A  Separate  Colony  

D.  Growth  and  Change  1.  The  Backcountry  2.  Diverse  &  Thriving  Colonies  

Outline  -­‐  Review