Scientific Revolution

Qualitative to a QuantitativeInductive to a Deductive

Deductive vs. Inductive• Deductive• An example of a deductive argument:1. All men are mortal.2. Aristotle is a man.3. Therefore, Aristotle is mortal.• Inductive• An example of a inductive argument:1. Almost all people are taller than 26 inches2. Gareth is a person3. Therefore, Gareth is almost certainly taller than 26 inches

The Scientific Revolution

• Aristotle – fixed planets• Church Doctrine

Scientific Revolution

• Epistemology – philosophy dealing with knowledge from senses – day/night – authority comes from scripture, church, and ancients

The Scientific RevolutionAstronomy

– Ptolemy:• Ancient Greece• Every thing

revolved around the Earth–Geocentric

Theory• Called the Ptolemy

Theory until the mid 1500’s

The Scientific RevolutionAstronomy

– Copernicus (Polish):• Said the earth revolved

around the sun.• Earth rotates on its own

axis.• Church made him recant• Called the Heliocentric

Theory - 1492

The Scientific RevolutionAstronomy

– Tycho Brahe (Danish):•Watched the

night sky• Built the first

observatory - 1577

The Scientific RevolutionAstronomy

– Kepler (German):• Brahe’s assistant• Calculated planet

orbits - elliptical• Predicted other

planets would be there• We still use his

calculations day

The Scientific RevolutionAstronomy

– Galileo (Catholic):• He built his own

telescope (Lippershay)• Excommunicated from

the Church-1633 – Roman Inquisition• Proved Kepler’s

calculations• 1992 – Church

admitted it was wrong

The Scientific Revolution

• Newton ties it all together– Isaac Newton (English)• Explains why the

planets move• Gravity• Mathematical

Principles of Natural Philosophy (Calculus)• 3 Laws

The Scientific Revolution• Bacon and Descartes• They both believed in use of

experiments and observations– Francis Bacon (English) -

Inductive• Ways the rulers could

get along with the ruled• Convinced the

monarch that science should be studied

The Scientific Revolution

• Bacon and Descartes– Rene Descartes

(French) - Deductive• Rational inductive

methods to science• “I think therefore I

am.”

The Scientific RevolutionChemistry

–Robert Boyle - (English)Boyles Gas Law: Temperature and Pressure are related. Air made up of many gases.

The Scientific RevolutionChemistry

• Priestley (English) – Existence of oxygen and carbon dioxide – carbonated drinks

The Scientific RevolutionChemistry

• Lavoisier (French) – Father of Chemistry

• Oxygen needed to burn

The Scientific RevolutionAnatomy

• Galen (Roman) – dissected pigs and apes

• Bloodletting

The Scientific RevolutionAnatomy

• Vesalius (French) (1514-1564) – he dissected human bodies. He proved that the liver did not process food and turn it into blood. Father of Human Anatomy

Anatomy

• Harvey (English) (1578-1657) – Blood is pumped throughout the body by the heart

Anatomy

• Hooke (English) – The body is made of cells. He used a microscope.