Scientific Advancements and the Second Industrial

RevolutionModern World History 10

2009-2010Androstic

Objectives:79. Identify the accomplishments of Louis Pasteur

and Charles Darwin in the 19th century.

80. Compare the accomplishments of the Industrial Revolution with the Second Industrial Revolution.

81. Explain how the invention of electricity contributed to the Second Industrial Revolution.

82. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and Guglielmo Marconi.

83. Identify on a map the industrialized and agrarian regions of Europe.

79. Identify the accomplishments of Louis Pasteur and Charles Darwin in the 19th

century.

Louis Pasteur

• Proposed the germ theory of disease – diseases are caused by microorganisms

• Also created Pasteurization, which slows microbial growth in food

79. Identify the accomplishments of Louis Pasteur and Charles Darwin in the 19th

century.

Charles Darwin

• Proposed theories of evolution and natural selection

• Suggested that animals with traits enabling survival reproduce, and slowly develop into a new species

80. Compare the accomplishments of the Industrial Revolution with the Second Industrial Revolution.

• The Industrial Revolution gave rise to textiles, railroads, iron and coal industries.

• The Second Industrial Revolution was highlighted by steel, chemicals, electricity and petroleum use.

81. Explain how the invention of electricity contributed to the Second Industrial

Revolution.

Why was electricity important to the Second Industrial Revolution?

• easily converted into other forms of energy

• moved easily through wires

• power stations and generators could produce power to supply many

• led to new inventions that harnessed its power

82. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and

Guglielmo Marconi.

Samuel Morse:

• Invented the telegraph

• telegraph used clicks on an electric circuit to send a coded message along wire

82. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and

Guglielmo Marconi.

Alexander Graham Bell:

• Created with inventing the telephone

• Spoken messages sent across wire…duh!

82. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and

Guglielmo Marconi.

Thomas Edison:

• Credited with inventing the light bulb

82. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and

Guglielmo Marconi.

Guglielmo Marconi:

• Developed wireless telegraphy

• Sent radio waves wirelessly across the Atlantic Ocean

83. Identify on a map the industrialized and agrarian regions of Europe.

Objectives:

84. Compare socialism to capitalism.

85. Explain Marx’s theory on how a communist state would be set up.

86. Recognize the impact of trade unions to the Second Industrial Revolution.

87. Explain the philosophy of social Darwinism.

84. Compare socialism to capitalism.

84. Compare socialism to capitalism.

Capitalism

• Free enterprise• Laissez faire• Social Darwinism• Class system

Socialism

• Government control of industry

• No class system• “Each according to

their ability, each according to their need.”

85. Explain Marx’s theory on how a communist state would be set up.

revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie

proletariat sets up a dictatorship to organize industry

as industry is organized, society would eventually fade into a classless system

slowly gov’t leadership would dwindle away as it became unnecessary

86. Recognize the impact of trade unions to the Second Industrial

Revolution.

• go on strike to force better conditions and treatment by owners

• fought for better pay and hours, safer conditions, and the right to collective bargaining (negotiation between owners and union workers)

87. Explain the philosophy of social Darwinism.

87. Explain the philosophy of social Darwinism.

• proposed by Herbert Spencer

• suggested “survival of the fittest” in economics

• some people are better equipped to earn wealth

• others are not fit, and will remain poor