Science - Gohar · PDF fileAns:Science is the system of acquiring knowledge through observation and experiments. Q2. What do engineers do? ... bronchioles (c) bronchi (d) trachea 4

Science Science 7

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Altaf Hussain GoharProject Manager: Tariq Mehmood SyanWriter: Dr. Akram MalikComposing by: Farhan Naseem

Key Book

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CONTENTSNo. Unit Name Page

Unit 1 What is Science? 3

Unit 2 Digestion and Respiration in Human 8

Unit 3 Transport in Human and Plants 13

Unit 4 Reproduction in Plants 20

Unit 5 Living Together in an Environment 24

Unit 6 Water 30

Unit 7 Structure of an Atom 35

Unit 8 Changes and Processes Around us 41

Unit 9 Transmission of Heat 46

Unit 10 Refraction and Dispersion of Light 51

Unit 11 Waves and Sound 57

Unit 12 Electricity 63

Unit 13 Exploring the Space 69

Skylark Science 7 Key Book

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Unit 1

What is Science?Section Review I

Q1. What is science?Ans: Science is the system of acquiring knowledge

through observation and experiments.Q2. What do engineers do?Ans: Engineers design and make new machines for

industry.Q3. Writethestagesofthescientificmethod.Ans:Followingarethestagesofthescientificmethod: 1. Identifying Problem 2. Gathering information about the problem 3. Forming a Hypothesis 4. Do experiments 5. Data Analyzing 6. Draw conclusionsQ4. Which are main branches of science? Define

Chemistry.Ans: Chemistry, physics, biology and mathematics are

the main branches of science. Chemistry is the study of matter and changes in it.Q5. Whatthingsdointerestmathematician?Ans: Anything with numbers interest mathematicians.

Section Review II

Q1. WritethreecontributionsofAl-Raziinscience.Ans: i. Heclassifiedsubstancesasplants,animalsand

minerals.


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ii. He found treatment for kidney and bladder stones.

iii. He explained the nature of various infective diseases like smallpox and measels.

Q2. WhoisthefounderofmodernAlgebra?Ans: Musa Al-Khwarizmi is considered as the founder of

modern algebra.Q3. Whodiscoveredradioactivity?Ans: Madame Marie Curie discovered radioactivity.Q4. Defineunit.Whatistheunitofmass?Ans: A unit is the standard amount for any measurement.

Grams(g) and kilograms(kg) are the units to measure mass.

Q5. Whatwasthenameoftheinventorofballpointpen?

Ans:JohnLoudinventedthefirstballpointpen.Unit Review

Science Words calculation, experiment, mass, unit, conclusion Fillintheblanksusingthesciencewords.1. Kilogram is the unit of _______.2. A mathematician uses the method of _______ to

solve problems.3. On the basis of analysis of the recorded data, a

scientist comes to a _______.4. A _______ is a standard quantity.5. _______ is the most important part of a scientist’s

work.


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Answer: 1. mass 2. calculation 3. conclusion 4. unit 5. experiment

MultipleChoiceQuestion Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. Ahypothesisistestedbya: (a) conclusion (b) data (c) experiment (d) inference2. Who studies plants, animals, microorganisms

andtheirbehaviours? (a) a chemist (b) a biologist

(c) a geologist (d) a physicist3. Degree Celsius (°C) or Degree Fahrenheit (°F)

areunitsof: (a) time (b) volume (c) length (d) temperature4. Whoisthefounderofmodernalgebra? (a) Newton (b) Al-Dinawari (c) Al-Khwarizmi (d) Al-Razi5. Oxygengaswasdiscoveredby: (a) Charles Darwin (b) Joseph Proust

(c) Marie Curie (d) Joseph PriestlyAnswer: 1. (c) 2. (b) 3.(d) 4. (c) 5. (b)

DetailedAnswerQuestionsQ1. Describedifferentstagesofthescientificmethod.Ans: ScientificMethod:Scientistsusescientificmethod

tosolvescientificproblems.Itsimportantstepsare


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as follows:i. Identifyingascientificproblemisthefirststep

ofscientificmethod.ii. Scientists gather informations about the

problem.iii. Formingahypothesis is an important step in

solving a problem. It is a supposed solution to the problem.

iv. Scientists arrange experiments to test hypothesis.

v Scientists collect informations called data from experiments and analyze it.

vi Finally they word conclusion to explain the solution of the problem.

Q2. Write briefly about the measurement of time,length,mass,temperatureandvolume.

Ans: Measurement in Science: Measurement is basic to science. Without measurement scientists cannot work at all.i. Time is measured in seconds (Sec). Seconds

make minutes and hours.ii. Length is measured in metres (m). Centimetres,

millimetres and kilometres are other units of length.

iii. Mass is measured in grams (g) and kilograms (kg).

iv. Temperature is measured in degree celsius (°C) or degree Fahrenheit (°F).


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v. Volume is measured in litres (l) and millilitres (ml).

3. Writecontributionsofthefollowingscientists. (a)MusaAl-Khwarizmi (b)MadameCurieAns: (a)MusaAl-Khwarizmi:Some of the contributions

of this great scientist are:i. He is founder of modern algebra.ii. He gave us arabic numerals.iii. He developed sine, cosine, etc. tables.iv. He described simple equations like:

nx=mv. He wrote several books like Kitab al-Jabr.

(b)MadameCurie:Major contributions of Madame Curie are:i. She discovered radioactivity.ii. She discovered that radiation from radium metal

can be used to kill tumors.iii. ShedesignedthefirstmobileX-raymachine.iv. She won Noble Prize for her discoveries and

inventions.


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Unit 2

DigestionandRespirationin Human

Section Review I

Q1. What is digestion?Ans: The process of changing complex food into simpler

substances is called digestion.Q2. Wheredoesdigestedfoodabsorbinourblood?Ans: The digested food is absorbed in small intestine and

reaches our blood.Q3. Whatarethesymptomsofconstipation?Ans: Following are the symptoms of constipation:

i. Difficultorpainfulpassingofstoolii. Cramps in abdomeniii. Severe abdominal painiv. Blood in stoolv Pain in rectum

Section Review II

Q1. Whatisrespiration?Ans: The process in which food and oxygen in our body

burn to produce energy, is called respiration.Q2. Whichbloodvesselsinthelungshelpyourbody

takeinandgiveoffgases?Ans: The capillaries in the lungs help our body take in

and give off gases.Q3. Comparebrieflythebreathingandtheburning.


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Ans: In both breathing and burning, oxygen is used to produce energy. In both processes, carbon dioxide and water are evolved.

Q4. Whatcausesairtomoveinandoutofthelungs?Ans: Our lungs have no muscles to move. It is diaphragm

that causes air to move in and out of the lungs. Diaphragm is a muscle.

Unit Review

Science Words esophagus, alveoli, duodenum, larynx ,diaphragm Fillintheblanksusingthesciencewords.1. The _________ is a large tube that runs from the

mouth to the stomach.2. Thefirstpartofsmallintestineiscalled_________.3. The grape-like clusters of tiny thin-walled balloons

in lungs are called _________.4. _________ is the upper part of a windpipe in our

throat.5. The dome-shaped muscle at the bottom of our chest

is called _________.

Answer: 1. esophagus 2. duodenum 3. alveoli 4. larynx 5. diaphragm

MultipleChoiceQuestion Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. Waterisabsorbedinthe: (a) liver (b) esophagus

(c) small intestine (d) large intestine


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2. Airismoistened,filtered,andwarmedinthe: (a) larynx (b) nasal cavity

(c) pharynx (d) trachea3. Exchangeofgasesoccursbetweenthe__________

andcapillaries. (a) alveoli (b) bronchioles

(c) bronchi (d) trachea4. Theribcage_________whenyouexhale. (a) moves up (b) moves out

(c) moves down (d) stays the

Answer: 1. (d) 2. (b) 3.(a) 4. (c)

DetailedAnswerQuestionsQ1. Explain the process of digestion of food in the

mouthandthestomach.Ans: 1. Digestion inMouth:The process of digestion

starts in our mouth. The teeth and the tongue help to grind food. Saliva is mixed with the food. An enzyme digests carbohydrate part of the food. After some time the food is pushed to the pharynx.

2.DigestioninStomach:Our stomach is a muscular bag. Its walls secret gastric juice. This juice helps to digest protein part of our food. After a certain period of time partly digested food is pushed into the small intestine.

Q2. Describe the digestion of carbohydrates andproteins.

Ans: Digestion ofCarbohydrates:We eat wheat, rice, sugar, etc. All these things are carbohydrates.


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Digestion of the carbohydrates starts in the mouth. An enzyme amylase helps to digest carbohydrates, butfinaldigestionoccursinthesmallintestinewherepancreatic juice mixes with the food.

Digestionofproteins:Digestion of proteins occurs in the stomach. The hydrochloric acid and an enzyme pepsin help to digest proteins. But, again finaldigestionofproteinsoccursinsmallintestine.

Q3. Explainthehumanrespiratorysystem.Ans: Human Respiratory System: Respiration is the

process of producing energy in our body. In this process oxygen gas enters the lungs and carbon dioxide gas is released.

Our respiratory system consists of nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs.i. Air enters through our nose. In the nose, air is

cleaned and warm.ii. The moist, warm air moves into the pharynx

and then larynx.iii. Air then enters the wind-pipe or trachea.iv. The trachea divides into bronchi which enter the

lungs.v. Thebronchidivideintobronchiolesandfinally

reach to alveoli. Alveoli are tiny balloon-like Structures in our lungs. Exchange of gases between the blood and air takes place in alveoli.

vi. The oxygen gas is then taken to every cell to produce energy.


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vii. The carbon dioxide is taken back to lungs to release out.

Q4. Writenotesonthefollowing: i. Breathing Process ii.CommonColdAns: i.BreathingProcess:Breathing means intake of air

with more oxygen gas and give off the air with more carbon dioxide gas.

The Dome-Shaped muscle diaphragm helps in breathing.i. When rib muscles and diaphragm tighten and

move down, the lungs expand and air rushes in.ii. When rib muscles and diaphragm relax and

move up, the lungs are pressed and air goes out of the lungs.

ii.CommonCold:Common cold is an infection of respiratory system. Its common symptoms are:

Sore throat, runny nose, cough, sneezing headache etc.

During common cold get lots of rest drink plenty of water. If symptoms persist, consult your doctor.


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Unit 3

TransportinHumanandPlantsSection Review I

Q1. Whatispericardium?Ans: It is a protective sac around our heart. Pericardium

is filled with a fluid to reduce friction during theheartbeat.

Q2. Namethepartsofblood?Ans: Blood is a mixture of: i. plasma ii. red blood cells iii. white blood cells iv. plateletsQ3. Whatisthefunctionofhemoglobininredblood

cells?Ans: Hemoglobin in red blood cells transports oxygen

and carbon dioxide.Q4. Whatissphygmomanometer?Ans: Sphygmomanometer is a device that is used to

measure the blood pressure.Q5. Whichbloodvesselshelpinexchangeofmaterials

inyourbody?Ans: Capillaries help in exchange of materials in our

body.Section Review II

Q1. Whichcomplicationsarerelatedtodiabetes?Ans: High blood pressure, obesity, dry skin, blurred

vision, sores and painful calves are the complications related to diabetes.


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Q2. Whatisasthma?Ans: Asthma is an alergy of lungs. It causes attacks of

wheezing, shortness of breathing, chest tightness and coughing.

Q3. Howcanyouavoidheartdiseases?Ans: by taking low fat foods, by taking exercise and by

avoiding tensions we can avoid heart diseases.Q4. Whichdisorderofthecirculatorysystemiscalled

thesilentkiller?Ans: High blood pressure is called the silent killer.

Section Review III

Q1. Whicharethemajortissuesoftransportationinplants?

Ans: Xylem and phloem are the major tissues oftransportation in plants. Xylem tissue transportswater and phloem tissue supports food prepared in leaves.

Q2. Whatisosmosis?Ans: The movement of solvent particles from higher

concentration to lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

Q3. Definealivetransport.Ans: Active transport is the movement of substances from

a region of low concentration to a region of higher concentration by the use of energy.

Q4. Whatistranspiration?Ans: The removal of water from the aerial parts of a plant

through stomata is called transpiration.


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Q5. Wheredoesmostofthephotosynthesistakeplaceinaplant?

Ans: Most of the photosynthesis takes place in leaves which are green in colour.

Q6. On which surface of leaf more stomata arepresent?

Ans: The lower epidermis of leaf contains more stomata.Unit Review

Science Words Diffusion, health, plasma, phloem, pancreas Fillintheblanksusingthesciencewords.1. _______ is the movement of materials from a

region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.

2. The liquid part of our blood is called _______.3. Any disorder in our circulatory system can affect

our _______.4. The food is transported in a plant body through

_______.5. Diabetes is a disorder of ______.

Answer: 1. Diffusion 2. plasma 3. health 4. phloem 5. pancreas

MultipleChoiceQuestion Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. Bloodiscarriedawayfromtheheartin: (a) arteries (b) veins

(c) nerves (d) ureters


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2. Where does the exchange of food, oxygen andwastesoccur?

(a) in arteries (b) in veins (c) in capillaries (d) in lymph vessels

3. Movementofmaterialsinaplantfromaregionoflowerconcentrationtotheregionofhigherconcentrationbytheuseofenergyiscalled:

(a) osmosis (b) transpiration (c) active transport (d) diffusion

4. Which tissue of a plant transports water andmineralsfromrootstoleaves?

(a) xylem (b) phloem (c) bark (d) mesophyll

5. Thecellsthatcontainhemoglobinare: (a) platelets (b) bone cells

(c) white blood cells (d) red blood cells

Answer: 1. (a) 2. (c) 3.(c) 4. (a) 5. (d)

DetailedAnswerQuestionsQ1. Describethestructureofhumanheart.Ans: HumanHeart:Our heart is a pumping organ. It is

made of a strong muscle. The heart is enclosed in pericardium. There are four chambers in our heart: 1. Right atrium 2. Left atrium

3. Right Ventricle 4. Left ventricle Each atrium is separated from ventricle by a valve.

Our heart receives blood from the body in atria and expels it to the body from ventricles. Both ventricles contract at the same time and push blood out of the


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heart.Q2. Listanddescribethefourcomponentsofblood

andtheirfunctions.Ans: TheBlood:Our blood is a mixture of plasma, red

blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Plasmais the liquid part of the blood. It consists of

water, food particles, oxygen and some wastes. All bloodcellsfloatinplasma.

Redbloodcellscontain hemoglobin to carry oxygen from lungs to every cell of our body. They are in great number.

White Blood cells save our body from harmful bacteria and other germs. They are in less number than red blood cells.

Plateletshelp clot the blood in case of injury. There are about 150,000 to 400,000 platelets in our body.

Q3. Describethatstructureofaplant’srootpermitsthemovementofmaterials.

Ans: Structure of roots permits movements ofmaterials:Nature has designed roots to permit the movement of materials.i. Rootsarefixedinthesoiltoabsorbwaterand

minerals.ii. Branches of roots increase their ability to absorb

water and minerals from soil.iii. The root cap protects the root from friction

during its growth.iv. The root hair help to absorb water and minerals

through their thin membranes.


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v. Xylem tissues in roots transport water to theleaves.

vi. Phloem tissues in roots transport food prepared in leaves.

Q4. Writebriefnoteson: i.Transpiration ii.Transplantation iii.Diabetes iv.AsthmaAns: i.Transpiration In trees water from the soil reaches to the top by

transpiration. Water forms an unbroken column from roots through the stem and into the leaves. From the leaves, water evaporates through stomata. This process is called transpiration. Roots absorb more water to maintain the water column in the tree.

ii.Transplantation Transplantation is the process in which doctors

remove body parts, organs or tissues from a healthy person and implant them into the body of another person (patient).

Skin, kidney, heart, liver, bone marrow, etc are transplanted most commonly.

iii.Diabetes It is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above

normal. The pancreas of a person cannot produce enough insulin to control the blood glucose or sugar level. Heart disease, kidney failure, blurred vision are the complications related to diabetes. Frequent urination, thirst, weight loss, dry skin, painful calves,etc are the symptoms of this problem. One


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can control its sugar level by taking regular exercise, by taking low fat food and by having reasonable body weight.

iv.Asthma Asthma is an alergy of lungs. It causes attacks of

wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, etc. The triggers of this disease are molds, pollen grains,

cigarette, etc. We should not trigger them. Use plenty of water, it will give you relief. Doctor may advise you to use inhaler.


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Unit 4

ReproductioninPlantsSection Review I

Q1. Differentiate between asexual and sexualreproduction.

Ans. When only one organism can produce new generation, the process is called asexual reproduction.

When two organisms one male and other female produce gametes to form zygote, the process is called sexual reproduction.

Q2. Whataremaleandfemalepartsofaflower?Ans.Stamenis themalepartsofaflower.Carpel is the

femalepartofaflower.Q3. Whatispollination?Ans.ThetransferofpollengrainsfromStamenofaflower

to the carpel is called as pollination.Q4. Definefertilization.Ans. The union of male gamete (sperm) and female

gamete (egg) is called fertilization.

Section Review II

Q1. Whichpartofaseeddevelopsintothefirstroot?Ans.Radicalofseedembryodevelopsintothefirstroot.Q2. Which part of the flower usually develops into

thefruit?Ans.Theovaryofaflowerdevelopsintothefruit.Q3. Whichisthemostimportantpartofaseed?Ans. The embryo is the most important part of a seed.


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Unit Review

Science Words embryo, pollinate, seed coat, gametes, ovules, wind Fillintheblanksusingsciencewords.1. The _________ protects a seed.2. In sexual reproduction male and female _________

fuse to form zygote.3. The fertilized egg develops into the _________.4. Abeecanhelp_________aflower.5. Most grasses depend upon _________ for their

pollination.6. Ovary contains _________ which develop into

seeds.Answer: 1. seed coat 2. gametes 3. embryo

4. pollinate 5. wind 6. ovules

MultipleChoiceQuestion Fillintheblanksusingsciencewords.1. What helps protect seeds? (a) fruit (b) wind (c) bees (d) cotyledon 2. Whenabeelandsonaflower,itbrushesagainst: (a) seeds (b) cones (c) pollen grains (d) fruit3. Colourfulflowersareusuallypollinatedby: (a) clothing (b) wind (c) birds (d) insects4. The _________ contains food for the embryo:


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(a) stigma (b) endo sperm (c) pollen grain (d) root

5. The embryonic leaves of an embryo are: (a) root hairs (b) radicles

(c) plumules (d) cotyledons

Answer: 1. (a) 2. (c) 3.(d) 4. (b) 5. (d)

DetailedAnswerQuestionsQ1. Writeadetailednoteonpollinationinplants.Ans. Pollination The transfer of pollen grains from the stamen of a

flowertothestigmaofafloweriscalledpollination.This process is of great importance for plants.

It helps in the union of sperm and egg, so that embryo can develop in the ovule.

Kindsofpollination Therearetwokindsofpollinationinfloweringplant. i. Self-pollination ii. Cross-pollination Self-pollination occurs when pollen grains are

transferredfromthestamenofaflowertothecarpelofthesameflower.

Cross-pollination occurs when pollen grains are transferredfromthestamenofaflowertothecarpelofthefloweronanotherplant.

Pea plants are self-pollinated. Popoplar, willow and papaya, etc are cross pollinated.


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Q2. Explainfertilizationinplants.Ans. FertilizationinPlants Pollen grains reach to the stigma of the carpel during

pollination. Stigma has sticky surface. Pollen grains cling to the stigma. A pollen tube comes out of the pollen grain and enters stigma. It reaches to ovary through style. Here pollen tube attaches to an ovule and release its sperms in it. A sperm unites with the egg in ovule to form it a seed.

The union of sperm and egg is called fertilization. Later, the ovary changes into fruit.

Q3. Describethestructureofaseed,Ans. Seed After fertilization, an ovule changes into a seed. The

most important part of the seed is its embryo. Food is also stored in the seed to feed the embryo.

The embryo has following parts.i. Radicle is the part of an embryo that grows into

firstroot.ii. Plumulegrowsintofirstshootoftheplants.iii. Cotyledons supply food to the growing embryo.

Q4. Writeanoteonfruit.Ans. Fruit The ripened ovary is called fruit. A fruit develops

from the ovary after fertilization. The wall of the ovary becomes the wall of the fruit. It is called pericarp. Inside the ovary, ovules become seeds. A fruit may contain one or many seeds.


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Unit 5

Living Together in an Environment

Section Review I

Q1. Whatisahabitat?Ans. The place where an organism lives and reproduces is

called its habitat.Q2. What factors make a tropical rainforest best

suitableforplants?Ans. The abundant rainfall and high temperature make a

rainforest suitable for plants.Q3. Whatroledoessunlightplayinanecosystem?Ans. Sunlight is the ultimate source of energy on the

Earth. Plants use sunlight to make food. Almost all animals also need sunlight to the survive.

Q4. Whatispredation?Ans. The relationship between a predator and a prey is

called predation. A predator is an animal that kills the prey (another animal) to get its food.

Q5. Whatisaparasite?Ans. An organism that lives in or on the body of its host

to get food and shelter is called a parasite.Q6. Inwhichhabitatmoreorganismsarefound?Ans. A large number of plants and animals is found in

tropical rain forests. These forests get a lot of rain to meet the needs of plants and animals.


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Q7. Fromwheredoplantsobtainminerals?Ans. Plants obtain minerals from the soil through their

roots.Section Review II

Q1. Defineadaptation.Ans. Adaptation is a characteristic of an organism that

makesitfitforitsenvironment.Q2. Whichadaptationshaveducksandfrogstomove

in water?Ans. Webbed feet in ducks and frogs work like ores to

help easily move in water. Frogs also breathe through moist skin in water.

Q3. Howarepolarbearandarcticfoxabletoliveinfreezingcold?

Ans. The arctic fox and polar bear have thick fur on their bodies. This thick fur keeps their bodies warm in freezing cold.

Q4. Whatiscamouflage?Ans.Camouflage isawaybywhichananimalchanges

itscolourtoblendintoitssurrounding.Camouflagehelps to deceive the predators.

Q5. Whatareautotrophsandheterotrophs?Ans. Living organisms that can make their own food

are called autotrophs, e.g. green plants, algae and some other living things are autotrophs. Those organisms that cannot make their own food are called heterotrophs.


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Unit Review

Science Words community, water, decomposers, freezing cold,

producers Fillintheblanksusingthesciencewords.1. A coniferous forest is found in _______ environment.2. Plants use solar energy to make food, so they are

_______.3. _______ is essential for life.4. A _______ has many populations in it.5. Without proper control, _______ may also destroy

useful material in a habitat.

Answer: 1. freezing cold 2. producers 3. water 4. community 5. decomposers

MultipleChoiceQuestion Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. The non-living part of any ecosystem is called

the: (a) habitat (b) community

(c) population (d) environment2. Organismsthatmaketheirownfoodarecalled: (a) autotrophs (b) heterotrophs

(c) consumers (d) decomposers3. Agreatvarietyofplantsandanimalsisfoundin

a: (a) desert habitat (b) pond habitat (c) tropical rainforest habitat (d) grassland habitat


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4. Seals,penguinsandturtlesuse_______tomovein water.

(a) fins (b) webbed feet (c)tubefeet (d)flippers

5. Bychangingcolour,ananimalcanblendintoitssurrounding and deceive its predator or prey.Thispropertyiscalled:

(a)camouflage (b)mimicry (c) predation (d) competition

Answer: 1. (a) 2. (a) 3.(c) 4. (d) 5. (a)

DetailedAnswerQuestionsQ1. Describefactorsthatcanbringdailyandyearly

changesinthehabitat.Ans. Following are the factors that can bring daily and

yearly changes in a habitat. LightIntensity Plants use sunlight to make food. Animals can

increase or decrease the number of plants in a habitat. It also affect the number of animals in the habitat.

Temperature Most organisms are active between 0°C and 45°C.

Very low or very high temperatures affect the number of plants and animals in a habitat.

Rainfall Water is essential for life. Where there is more water,

more organisms are found there.


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Carbondioxide Plants make their food by using carbon dioxide. It is

0.03 to 0.04 percent in air. A little increase favours plants to make food. More plants mean more organisms in a habitat. Some other factors such as migration, competition, predation, parasitism, decomposers and human effects also bring daily and yearly changes in a habitat.

Q2. Describeadaptationsofsomeaquaticanimalstoliveintheirhabitat.

Ans. SomeAdaptationsofaquaticAnimals:The most part of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. A large number of plants and animals live in water. They are adapted to live in water.i. Streamlined body shape is helpful to fishes,

dolphins, etc to move easily in water.ii. Webbed feet of ducks, seagulls and frogs help

them move in water.iii. Fishes use gills to breathe. They absorb oxygen

that is dissolved in water.iv. Duckweed and hyacinth are floating plants.

They have air spaces in their leaves. Their leaves have waxy covering to prevent the loss of water.

Q3. Explainafood-chainandafood-webwithexamples.

Ans. Food Chain: The feeding relationship among organisms is called a food-chain.

Example: 1. grass zebra lion


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2. leaves caterpillar bird hawk Food-Web: Several food chains in an ecosystem

overlap to form a network called food-web. Example: Animals like rabbits, grasshopper, cows,

deer, etc feed on grass. Snakes, hawks and wolves may eat rabbits. Similarly, grasshopper, cows and other grass-eaters are eaten by other big animals. There are several food chains involved here. These food chains form a food-web.

Q4. Writebriefnoteson: i.Grasslandhabitat ii.EffectsofhumidityonlifeAns. Grasslandhabitat:A grassy, windy and partly-dry

area is called the grassland. About one-forth of the total land on Earth is grassland. Deep-rooted grass grow very well in these fertile areas. Mostly grazing animals like the sheep, goats, cows, deer are found in grassland habitat.

EffectsofHumidityonlife:In tropical rainforest, there is great humidity. In humid conditions plants grow well. Several varieties of insects, snakes, lizards, frogs, parrots and jaguars are found in rainforests. We can say that humidity has a positive effect on life.


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Unit 6

WaterSection Review I

Q1. Identifythemainusesofwaterinourbody.Ans. Water is very important for our body as:

i. Itflusheswastedandharmfulsubstances fromthe body.

ii. It helps in the circulation of blood throughout our body.

iii. It keeps the body temperature at suitable level.Q2. Whyistheearthcalledthewaterplanet?Ans. Three fourth of the surface of our Earth is covered

with water. Water is also present beneath its surface. That is why the Earth is called the water planet.

Q3. Whatdoyoumeanbysoftandhardwater?Ans. The water in which the soap makes good lather is

called soft water. The water in which the soap makes curds is called hard water.

Q4. Whatdoyoumeanbyanartesianwell?Ans. A hole in the ground from which water is forced to

the surface by natural pressure is called an artesian well.

Q5. Whatisaglacier?Ans. Snow falls on mountains. Snow accumulates to form

glaciers. A glacier is a large mass of frozen water.


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Section Review II

Q1. Definewaterpollution.Ans. The addition of any substance that can harm living

organisms in water is called water pollution.Q2. In a sewagewater treatment plant,what is the

purposeofaddingchlorinetothewastewater?Ans. The chlorine is added to the waste water to kill germs

present in water.Q3. Definedistillationofwater.Ans. In distillation process, the water is heated to make

steam. The steam is then cooled down into pure or distilled water.

Q4. Wheredoweusemostofthewaterinourhomes?Ans. Most of the water in our homes is used in toilets

during showering.Q5. Giveafewtipsofconservewaterathome.Ans. To conserve water at home:

i. Turn off the shower while soapingii. Don’t brush your teeth using running water.

Take water in a glass.Unit Review

Science Words permeable, pollutants, acid rain, bacteria, fresh water Fillintheblanksusingthesciencewords.1. Water moves easily through porous rocks which are

called _______.2. Rivers, lakes and ponds are the sources of _______.3. Oxygen of air, and sunlight can kill many _______


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in water.4. Toxic gases in the air react with rain water to make

it _______.5. Harmful and unwanted substances in water are

called _______.

Answer: 1. permeable 2. fresh water 3. bacteria 4. acid rain 5. pollutants

MultipleChoiceQuestion Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. Thewaterthatsoaksintothegroundiscalled: (a) earth water (b) ground water

(c) water table (d) aquifer2. Runningwatercollectsinlarge,deepdepressions

intheearth’scrustandforms: (a) a river (b) a stream

(c) a lake (d) a sea3. Placeswheregroundwaterbubblesorflowsout

ofcracksintherocksautomaticallyarecalled: (a) geysers (b) springs

(c) icebergs (d) lakes4. Themajorsourcesofwaterpollutionare: (a) human wastes (b) industrial wastes (c) agricultural chemicals (d) all of them5. Weusewaterduringshowering: (a) 10% (b) 20%

(c) 45% (d) 14%

Answer: 1. (b) 2. (c) 3.(b) 4. (d) 5. (c)


33

DetailedAnswerQuestionsQ1. Explainhowwateristhemostessentialelement

oflife.Ans. Water forLife:Living things need water to stay

alive. They need water to grow, reproduce and carry out activities of life. Nearly 70% of our body is made up of water.i. Water helps to release wastes from the bodies of

living organisms.ii. Water protects living things from diseases.

Q2. Whatmakesourwaterimpure?Ans. ImpuritiesofWater:Unwanted substances present

in water are called impurities. Impurities of water may be soluble (salts and chemicals ), insoluble (sand, pebbles) and suspended (bacteria and litter).

The major sources of impurities of water are human wastes, agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes and run-off from roads.

Q3. Howcanwepreservewater?Ans. HowtoConserveWater: Water is precious. We need to conserve it. We should

not waste it. We can save water by acting following tips.i. Turn off the shower while soaping.ii. Take short showers.iii. While brushing, take water in a tumbler.iv. Don’t wash vegetables and fruits under the

running water.


34

v. Check regularly the leakage in water pipes. Get them repaired immediately.

Q4. Writestepsofwastewatertreatment.Ans. WasteWaterTreatment: During waste water treatment, following steps are

taken: 1.PrimaryStage: During this stage, waste water is passed to a big tank.

Here smaller particles present in sewage water settle to the bottom and form sludge.

2.SecondaryTreatment: In the next tank, sewagewater is filtered through

gravel. Here bacteria are also added to the sewage that break down the wastes in it.

3.FinalTreatment: The water is then pumped into open pools. Here air

and sunlight kill harmful bacteria. Chlorine is added to kill remaining germs before releasing the treated water.


35

Unit 7StructureofAtom

Section Review I

Q1. What were the ideas of John Dalton about anatom?

Ans. John Dalton said that:i. All water is composed of atoms.ii. Atoms cannot be made or destroyed.iii. Atoms combine to form compounds.

Q2. In what part of an atom is most of its masslocated?

Ans. Most of atom’s mass is located in its nucleus. Protons and neutrons are present in it.

Q3. Definevalency.Ans. The capacity of an atom to combine with an other

atom is called Valency. OR The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an

atom is called its valency.

Section Review II

Q1. Usetheperiodictabletofindthenames,atomicnumbers, and average atomic masses of thefollowingelements:

N,Ca,Kr,WAns. i. N for Nitrogen

Atomic number =7 Atomic mass =14


36

ii. Ca for CalciumAtomic number =20 Atomic mass =40

iii. Kr for KryptonAtomic number =36 Atomic mass =84

iv. W for TungstonAtomic number =74 Atomic mass =184

Q2. Writethreeusesofisotopesinmedicines.Ans. i. Iron-59 is used to study spleen.

ii. Iodine-131 and 132 are used in treatment of thyroid glands.

iii. Chromium-51 is used to cure anaemia.Q3. What does the chemical formula of amolecule

show?Ans. The chemical formula of a molecule shows:

i Kinds of elements in the molecule.ii. Number of atoms of each element

Q4. Defineamoleculeandanion.Ans. A molecule is smallest of a matter that can exist. Two and more atoms may combine to make a

molecule. For example, water (H2O) is a molecule in which two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom.

Ion: Normally an atom is neutal when an atom or a group

of atoms carry charge, it is called an ion. For example Na+, Cl–, OH–, etc are ions.


37

Unit Review

Science Words atomic number, noble gases, neutron, anion Fillintheblanksusingthesciencewords.1. Helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr),

etc. are ________.2. Negatively charged ion is called _______.3. A _______ is the particle with no charge.4. The number of protons in an atom is called

__________.

Answer: 1. noble gases 2. anion 3. neutron 4. atomic number

MultipleChoiceQuestion Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. Anatomhasnooverallchargeifitcontainsequal

numberof: (a) electrons and neutrons (b) electrons and protons (c) protons and neutrons (d) positrons and neutrons2. Whichof the followingdescribeswhathappens

when an atom becomes a positive ion with acharge?

(a) The atom gains 2 protons. (b) The atom loses 2 protons. (c) The atom loses 2 electrons. (d) The atom gains 2 electrons.


38

3. The correct chemical formula for calciumchlorideis:

(a) CaCl (b) Ca2Cl (c) CaCl2 (d) Ca2Cl2

4. Whosestatementisthis? “Whenelectronsjumpfromoneshelltotheother,

energyisabsorbedorevolved.” (a) James Chadwick (b) Rutherford (c) Niels Bohr (d) John Dalton5. ThenumberofelectronsinN-shellcanbe: (a) 2 (b) 8

(c) 18 (d) 32

Answer: 1. (b) 2. (c) 3.(c) 4. (c) 5. (d)

DetailedAnswerQuestionsQ1. Describethestructureofanatom.Ans. StructureofanAtom: Atoms are very small, but they are made up of even

smaller particles, i.e. electrons,protons and neutrons.i. Electrons: Electrons move around the central

part of the atom (nucleus). They are very light particles. They carry negative charge.

ii. Protons: Protons carry positive charge . They are present in the nucleus. Protons number is equal to the electrons number.

iii. Neutrons:Neutrons have no charge. They are neutral. Neutrons are also present in the nucleus of an atom.


39

Q2. Whatisanion?Howionsareformed?Ans. Ion:An atom with positive or negative charge is

called an ion. For examples, sodium ion (Na+), oxide ion (O2–), etc.

Howionsare formed: We know that electrons in atoms carry negative charge. When an atom releases its one or more electrons from its outermost shell, the number of protons increases. It makes a positive ion(cation).

When an atom absorbs electrons in its outermost shell, the number of electrons increases. The atom becomes negatively charged. It makes a negative ion(anion).

Q3. Define the term isotope. Write about theapplicationsofisotopesinthefieldsofmedicineandagriculture.

Ans. Isotopes: The atoms of the same element having same atomic

number but different mass numbers are called isotopes.

Examples:i Hydrogen (H) has three isotopes, i.e. Protium

(11H), Deuterium (2

1H) and Tritium (31H)

ii. Carbon (C) has three isotopes, i.e. 12

6C , 136C , 14

6C ApplicationsofIsotopes: Isotopes are very important in our daily life.

i Bismuth-213 is used to treat cancers.ii. Iron-59is used to anaemia.


40

iii. Iodine-131 and 132 are used to treat thyroid disorders.

iv. Nitrogen-15 is used to study plants.v. Carbon-13is used to detect food adultration.

Q4. StateTheLawofConstantCompositionandgiveexamples.

Ans. LawofConstantComposition This law was presented by a French scientist Joseph

Proust. He stated that: “The composition of a compound is always the

same, regardless of how the compound was made or obtained.”

Examplesi. Water can be obtained from many sources such

as river, well, sea, etc. But, its composition is always the same. There are two hydrogen and one oxygen atom in a molecule of water (H2O)

ii. Carbon dioxide (CO2) always consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.


41

Unit 8

ChangesandProcessesAroundUsSection Review I

Q1. What is a change?Ans. When all or a part of a thing becomes different, we

say that it has changed, e.g. boiling of an egg is a change.

Q2. Whatismeantbyaphysicalchange?Ans. When a substance changes its size, colour or form

without becoming a new substance, it is called a physical change.

Example: Freezing of water into ice is a physical change.Q3. Defineachemicalchange.Ans. Chemical change is a change in which a material is

changed into one or more different materials.Q4. Givetwoexamplesofchemicalchanges.Ans. Rusting of iron, souring of milk and burning of

paper, etc are chemical changes.

Section Review II

Q1. Whatishydrogenation?Ans. The addition of hydrogen (H) into vegetable oil to

make fat (Banaspati ghee) is called hydrogenation. This reaction occurs in the presence of nickel.

Q2. Defineplastics.Ans. Plastic and synthetic polymers that can be moulded

into various shapes. Synthetic polymers are made in


42

science laboratories.Q3. Givethreeexamplesofnon-reversiblechanges.Ans. 1. Burning of paper 2. Rotting egg 3. Baking of a cake or bread

Unit Review

Science Words corrode, hydrocarbons, fertility, humus, chemical change Fillintheblanksusingthesciencewords.1. Burning of paper is a _______.2. _______ react with oxygen of air and change

chemically.3. Farmers use fertilizers to increase the _______ of

land.4. Metal statues _______ very slowly.5. Chemical fertilizers do not add _______ to the soil.

Answer: 1. chemical change 2. hydrocarbons 3. fertility 4. corrode 5. humus

MultipleChoiceQuestion Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. Lighteningamatchisanexampleofa: (a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) change in pressure (d) change of colour2. Anexampleofachemicalchangeis: (a) boiling of water (b) evaporation of water (c) burning of paper (d) melting of ice


43

3. Theredcolourofaroseturnsbrown.Itisa: (a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) reversible change (d) sudden change4. Whichoneisanon-reversiblechange? (a) rotting egg (b) mixing of salt in water (c) switching on a tube light (d) wetting a dry cloth

Answer: 1. (b) 2. (c) 3.(b) 4. (a)

DetailedAnswerQuestionsQ1. Explain with examples that a chemical change

bringschangeinthepropertiesofasubstance.Ans. A chemical change alters or changes the chemical

properties of a substance. For example:i. Aluminium is a shiny metal and oxygen is a gas.

When both react or undergo a chemical change, a white aluminium oxide is formed.

ii. Iron and oxygen undergo a chemical change and iron oxide or rust is formed.

Q2. Discuss advantages and harmful effects ofchemicalfertilizers.

Ans. Chemicalfertilizers:These are synthetic fertilizers that increase the production of crops.

Advantages:i. Theyareeasytostoreandapplyinfields.ii. They can be used according to the need of the

soil.


44

iii. Farmers can harvest two crops per year because of these fertilizers.

Disadvantages:i They do not add humus to the soil.ii. They can deteriorate the structure of soil in case

of improper use.iii. They can add up pollution of land and water.iv. A lot of fossil fuel is used to make these

fertilizers.Q3. Writebriefnoteson: i.Plastics ii.ChangeofvegetableoilintofatAns. i.Plastics: Plastics are synthetic polymers that can be moulded

into various shapes. They are widely used to make soft drink bottles,

jars, toys, machine parts, shopping bags, lenses and parachutes, etc.

PVC, PET, PP and PA are some common names of plastics.

ii.Changeofvegetableoilintofat: Fat or banaspati ghee is formed as a result of chemical

process called hydrogenation. In hydrogenation, hydrogen gas is passed through the vegetable oil in the presence of nickel. Fat or ghee is formed in this process.

Q4. Explain reversible and non-reversible changeswithexamples.

Ans. ReversibleChanges: A change in which the product formed can be sent


45

back to its original form is called a reversible change. Examples:

i. Melting of ice into waterii. Switching on a tube lightiii. Mixing of salt into water

Non-ReversibleChanges: A change in which the product formed cannot be sent

back to its original form is called a non-reversible change.

Examples:i. Death of some living bodyii. Burning of paper or woodiii. Rolling of egg or fruit


46

Unit 9

TransmissionofHeatSection Review I

Q1. Between which two objects does heat alwaysmove?

Ans. Heat always moves from warmer objects to cooler ones.

Q2. Whatisconductionofheat?Ans. The transfer of heat through a material thing without

any visible movement of particles of matter is called conduction of heat.

Q3. Whyarecookingpotsmadeofmetals?Ans. Metals are good conductor of heat. Heat is necessary

to cook food in cooking pots.Q4. Howdoesconvectionofheatoccur?Ans.Thetransferofheatfromthehotpartofafluidtothe

coolerpartsbythemovementof thefluiditself, iscalled convection.

Q5. Namefourpoorconductorsofheat.Ans. Glass, plastic, wood and paper, etc. are poor

conductors of heat.

Section Review II

Q1. HowdoesheatoftheSunreachtheEarth?Ans. Heat of the sun reaches to Earth by radiation. In

radiation heat needs no medium to travel.Q2. Why do we use woolen clothes and blankets


47

duringwinterdays?Ans. Woolen clothes and blankets are insulators. They

slow the transfer of heat. It happens so because wool traps air in it. The air is not a good conductor of heat.

Q3. Whenyousitbesideafire,howdoesheatreachyou?

Ans.Whenwesitbesideafireheatreachesusbyradiation.Theairbetweenfireandusdoesnotgetwarm.

Q4. Howcanthefoodbekepthotforalongerperiod?Ans. To keep the food hot for a longer period, it is kept in

pots with shiny, silvery and smooth surfaces.Q5. Whatistheadvantageofglidingflightforabird?Ans.Theglidingflighthelps thebird tosave itsenergy

duringlongflight.Birdslikeeagles,vultures,hawks,etcglideonaircurrents.Duringsuchflight,theydonot move their wings.

Q6. Why are the cooling fins at the back of yourrefrigeratorpaintedblack?

Ans.These fins help the refrigerator to radiate its heatquickly to the surroundings.

Unit Review

Science Words fluid,convection,conduction,heatenergy Fillintheblanksusingsciencewords.1. Thermos bottle use air or a vacuum to slow the

transfer of heat by _______.2. Radiation is the fastest way to transfer ________.3. _______ takes place more readily in gases than in

liquids.


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4. Anymaterialthatflowsiscalleda________.

Answer: 1. conduction 2. heat energy 3. convection 4.fluid

MultipleChoiceQuestion Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. Heatenergytravelsthroughametalspooninhot

teamostlyby: (a) radiation (b) conduction

(c) convection (d) insulation2. What is the name given to any material that

transfersheatenergyeasily? (a) thermal (b) metal

(c) insulator (d) conductor3. Landbreezesandseabreezesblowdueto: (a) conduction of heat (b) convection of heat (c) radiation of heat (d) emission of heat4. How is the transfer of heat slowed down in a

thermosbottle? (a) by the use of a vacuum (b) by the use of paper (c) by the use of a metal sheet (d) by the use of wood5. Whattypeofenergytransferproducesweather? (a) radiation (b) convection

(c) conduction (d) atmospheric

Answer: 1. (b) 2. (d) 3.(b) 4. (a) 5. (b)


49

DetailedAnswerQuestionsQ1. Whatisconvection?Howdoesitoccur?Ans. Convection:The transfer of heat from the hot part

of fluid (liquid organs) to the cooler parts by themovementofthefluiditself,iscalledconvection.

HowdoesConvectionoccur:When heat is given to a fluid, its particles began tomove fast. Theseparticles move to other parts of fluid. To fill thespace, cooler particles come to the place of the heated particles. The process continues and whole thefluidgetshot.

Q2. Write everyday applications of conduction ofheat.

Ans. ApplicationsofConductionofHeat:Conduction of heat is very important for us:i. Cooling utensils, electric kettles, irons, boilers

and soldering irons are made of metals to conduct heat quickly.

ii. The handles of above given things are made of wood or plastic. Wood and plastic are insulators. They do not conduct heat.

iii. Ice is covered with jute rugs to reduce melting of ice. Jute is an insulator.

iv. We use woolen clothes and blankets during cool winter days to reduce the transfer of heat.

Q3. Writeanoteonathermosbottle.Ans. ThermosBottle:A thermos bottle is also called a

vacuumflask.Itisusedtokeepthingshotorcoldfor


50

a longer time. The thermos bottle reduces transfer of heat by conduction, convection and radiation.

A thermos bottle consists of two thin glass bottles, one inside the other.

Air between the walls of two bottles is removed to create vacuum. This vacuum reduces the transfer of heat by conduction and convection. The shiny walls of glass bottles reduce the transfer of heat by radiation.

Q4. Writebriefnoteson: i.Landbreezesandseabreezes ii.GlidingaflightofbirdsAns. i. LandbreezesandSeaBreezes:Land and sea

breezes are caused by convection of heat. The land heats up fast during the day as compared to the sea. The hot air rises, the cool breeze from the sea blows towards the land to take the place of rising hot air.

ii.Glidingflightofbirds:Convection currents also help some birds to reduce the use of energy during theirflight.Eagles,hawks,vulturesandkites,etcdonotmove theirwingswhile flying on piles of air.Theyenjoytheirglidingflightduetoconvectionofheat.


51

Unit 10

RefractionandDispersionofLight

Section Review I

Q1. Whatisrefractionoflight?Ans. When a ray of light enters into an other medium at

an angle, the change in speed causes it to bend. This bending of light is called refraction of light.

Q2. What is refractive index?Ans. When speed of light is divided by the speed of light

in a medium, the refractive index of that medium is obtained. For example, the refractive index of glass is 1.5.

Q3. Definethedispersionoflight.Ans. The splitting of white light into its component

colours is called dispersion of light.Q4. Listthesevencoloursofwhitelightdispersedby

aprism.Ans. These colours of light are: i. violet ii. Indigo iii. blue iv. green v. orange vi. yellow vii. red

Section Review II

Q1. Whatismeantbytotalinternalreflection?Ans. When light passes from a denser medium to a rare

medium (air), it bends away from the normal. But


52

when the angle of incidence (i) is greater then the criticalangle (c), the light rays reflect in thesamedenser medium. This phenomenon is called total internalreflection.

∠i˃∠cQ2. Brieflydescribewhyyousometimesseearainbow

duringarainshowerorshortlyafterward.Ans. When white light from the sun shines through tiny

rain drops, They act like prisms. They refract and reflectlightandseparateitintocolours.Inthisway,a rainbow is formed.

Q3. Whydoweseethepetalsofaroseasredandtheleavesasgreen?

Ans. The colour of an object is the colour of light it reflects.

Thepetalsofarosereflectredcolourandlookred.Theleavesofarosereflectgreencolouroflightandlook green.

Q4. Whataretheprimarypigmentcolours?Ans. Cyan, yellow and magenta are the primary pigment

colours.Q5. Explain the scene of seeing water on the road

ahead,whiletravellingonahot,sunnyday.Ans. We see the scene of water on the road ahead in

summer, it is a mirage. A mirage is an image of some distant object which appears to us due to the refraction and total internal reflection of lightthrough cold and warm layers of air.


53

Unit Review

Science Words prism, refraction, critical angle, incident ray Fillintheblanksusingthesciencewords.1. The bending of light, when it enters from one

medium to another is called ______.2. The light ray that enters the new medium, is called

an _______.3. The angle of incidence at which maximum refraction

occurs is called the ________.4. A _______ is a transparent wedge-shaped block of

glass.

Answer: 1. refraction 2. incident ray 3. critical angle 4. prism

MultipleChoiceQuestion Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. Refractiveindexofglassis: (a) 1.47 (b) 2.42

(c) 1.5 (d) 1.332. The splitting of white light into its component

coloursiscalled: (a)dispersionoflight (b)reflectionoflight (c)interferenceoflight (d)irregularreflection3. Weseeamirageduetothe: (a)reflectionoflight (b)totalinternalreflection (c) dispersion of light (d) spectrum of light


54

4. When all the colours of light are reflected intooureyes,theobjectappears:

(a) black (b) red (c) green (d) white

5. Bymixingamagentaandcyanpigmentswecanproducethecolour:

(a) blue (b) green (c) white (d) red

Answer: 1. (c) 2. (a) 3.(b) 4. (d) 5. (a)

DetailedAnswerQuestionsQ1. Verify the “Laws of Refraction” through an

activity.Ans. The Laws of Refraction There are two laws of refraction:

i. The incidence ray, the refracted ray and the normal act the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.

ii. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant.

Thislawcanbyverifiedbyanactivity. Activity: Toverifythelawsofrefractionusingaglassslab youwillneed: a glass slab,a drawing board,drawing pins,white

sheet of paper,common pins,geometry box Procedure:● Fix awhite sheet of paper on the drawing board,


55

using drawing pins.● Place a glass slab in themiddle of the paper and

draw its boundary PQRS.● FixtwopinsAandBonthepaperinastraightline

that make an angle with the slab.● Get to the other side of the slab and look at the

images of pins A and B through it.● FixtwomorepinsCandDonthissideinthelineof

images of A and B.● Remove the slab and the pins.Draw small circles

around the pin points.● JoinAandBtothePQatpointM.● JoinCandDtotheSR

at point L.● NowjoinMandL.● Drawperpendicularor

normal FG at point M.● ABistheincidentray● MListherefractedray Verify the laws of

refraction using the diagram.Q2. What is the total internal reflection?Explain it

withanexample.Ans. Total Internal Reflection: When light passes a

denser medium (glass or water) to a rare medium (air), it bends away from normal. But when the angle of incidence (∠i) is greater than the critical angle (∠c), the light rays reflect in the same denser medium, this phenomenon is called total internal reflection.

A

B

CD

G

M

F

L

P Q

RS


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ConditionsoftotalInternalReflectioni. Light passes from a denser medium to a rare

medium.ii. The angle of incidence of all rays is greater

than the critical angle ∠i˃∠c Example: On hot, summer days, the air close to the

roads get warmer than upper cold layers. Cold air is denser than the warm air. When light from the sun passes from cold layers of air to the warmer layers of air, they refract and also totally reflect. The person traveling on the road, looks water on the road ahead. It is a mirage which is seen due to total internal reflection of light.

Q3. Whatisdispersionoflight?Whydoeswhitelightgetdispersed?

Ans. DispersionofLight Sunlight is a combination of different colours. When

it is passed through prism, each colour of light refracts at different angle. We see seven colours of white light after passing through a prism.

This splitting of white light into its component colours is called the dispersion of light.


57

Unit 11

WavesandSoundSection Review I

Q1. Defineawave.Ans. The disturbance which transfers energy from one

place to the other is called a wave.Q2. Sketch a transverse wave and label a crest, a

trough,awavelength,andamplitude.Ans.

crest

wave length trough

amplitude

Q3. Listthefourbasicpropertiesofwaves.Ans. These properties are: i. Amplitude ii. Wave length iii. Frequency iv. SpeedQ4. Howarethespeed,wavelength,andfrequencyof

awaverelated?Ans. This equation shows the relationship of the speed,

wavelength and frequency of a wave. Speed = wavelength × frequency We can calculate any one of the three values if we

know the other two.


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Section Review II

Q1. Whattypeofwavesaresoundwaves?Ans. Sound waves are longitudinal waves.Q2. Whatmakessomesoundslouderthanothers?Ans. Amplitude of sound wave makes some sounds

louder than others. Greater the amplitude, louder the sound is.

Q3. Whatistherelationshipbetweenfrequencyandpitch?

Ans. Pitch and frequency of a sound are directly related to each other. The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch is.

Q4. Explainbriefly,howcanamusicalsoundshatteraglass.

Ans. Some musical instruments can produce sounds whose frequency may match the natural frequency of a crystal glass. If both the frequencies match, the amplitude increases that shatters the glass.

Q5. Whatistheunitoftheloudnessofasound?Ans. The loudness of a sound is measured in units called

decibels (dB). The sound in an average home is 40-50 dB.

Q6. Defineultrasoundandinfrasound.Ans. Sound waves whose frequencies are above the

normal audible human range (20,000 Hz), are called ultrasound.

The sound waves which have frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasound.


59

Unit Review

Science Words compression, vibration, medium, speed, musical Fillintheblanksusingthesciencewords.1. The sound depends on the size and shape of the

_________.2. The distance a wave covers or travels in one second

is called its _________.3. A _________ and a rarefaction combine to form a

longitudinal wave.4. A material thing through which a wave travels is

called a _________.5. A _________ is a repeated to-and-fro or up-and-

down motion.

Answer: 1. musical instrument 2. speed 3. compression 4. medium 5. vibration

MultipleChoiceQuestion Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. Thedistancebetweenonecrestandthenextcrest

isthewave’s: (a) amplitude (b) wavelength

(c) frequency (d) speed2. Asoundwaveisa: (a) transverse wave (b) longitudinal wave

(c) reverse wave (d) standing wave


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3. Hittinganobjectharderwillmakethevolume: (a) softer (b) the same

(c) lower (d) louder4. Thelowestpartsofatransversewavearecalled: (a) crests (b) compressions

(c) rarefactions (d) troughs5. Soundwavestravelthequicklythrough: (a) solids (b) gases

(c) air (d) liquidsAnswer: 1. (b) 2. (b) 3.(d) 4. (d)

5. (a)

Detailed-AnswerQuestionQ1. Describethebasicpropertiesofwaves.Ans. BasicPropertiesofWaves The basic properties of waves are: 1. Amplitude 2. Wavelength 3. Frequency 4. Speed 1.Amplitude:The amplitude of a transverse wave

is the distance between a crest or trough and rest position.

In case of longitudinal waves, the amplitude is a measureofhowcompressedorrarefiedthemediumbecomes.

2.Wavelength:The distance between two adjacent crests or troughs is called wavelength.

In case of a longitudinal wave this distance is between two adjacent compressions or rarefactions.

3.Frequency:The number of waves that passes a given point in one second is called the frequency of


61

a wave. 4.Speed:The distance a wave covers in one second

is called its speed.Q2. Compare a transversewave and a longitudinal

wave.Ans. TypesofWaves:Waves are of two types: 1. Transverse Waves 2. Longitudinal Waves 1.TransverseWaves:A wave in which particles of

the medium move at right angle to the path of the wave, is called a transverse waves.

Trough

crest

2.LongitudinalWaves:A wave in which particles of the medium move back and forth, parallel to the path of the wave is called a longitudinal wave.

Example Sound waves produced in air are longitudinal waves.

crest

trough


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Q3. Describeloudnessandpitchofthesound.Ans. 1.Loudness:Loudness is related to the amplitude of

the sound wave. A sound wave of greater amplitude sounds louder. The unit of loudness is decibels (dB).

2.Pitch:Pitch is the highness or lowness of a sound. Pitch depends upon the frequency of the sound. The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch is. Its unit is hertz (Hz).

Q4. Writebriefnoteson: (a)Audiblefrequencyrange (b)HearinglossAns. Audible frequency range: The range of sound

frequencies that can be heard by an animal or humans is called audible frequency range. We can hear sounds of 20---20,000 Hz. It is the audible frequency range of humans.

HearingLoss:Some people suffer hearing loss as a result of injury, infection, or aging. It is the inability of listening sound.

CausesofHearingLossi A head injury can disconnect the three bones of

middle ear.ii. An injury can puncture the ear drum.iii. Viral or bacterial infection can cause hearing

loss.iv. In old people this ability can be lost.

Treatment: Many people use hearing aids to improve their hearing ability.


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Unit 12Electricity

Section Review I

Q1. Whatisanelectriccurrent?Ans.Theflowofelectronsthroughaconductoriscalled

electriccurrent. Itflows from thenegativepoleofthe source (battery) to the positive pole.

Q2. Defineacircuit.Ans.The complete path along which electrons flow is

called an electric circuit. It may be parallel or series.Q3. Howmanypartsdoesacircuitconsistof?Ans. A circuit consists of the following three parts.

i. source of electricityii. connecting metal wiresiii. device that run by electricity

Q4. Whathappens to thebulbs ina seriescircuit ifoneofthebulbsburnsout?

Ans. In this case all the bulbs will stop glowing because:● Abreakinanybranchoftheseriescircuitstopsthe

flowofcurrentinallbulbs.Q5. Whichcircuitwouldyouliketobeinyourhouse,

aseriesoraparallel?Ans. I would like a parallel circuit to be in my house

because:● Abreakinmybranchofthecircuitstopsthecurrent

flowingthroughthatbranch.Alltheotherbranchescontinue their working.


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Section Review II

Q1. Whatispotentialdifference?Ans. The difference of electric potential between two

poles of a battery or source is called the potential difference. This potential difference causes the currenttoflow.

Q2. StateOhm’sLaw.Ans. This law states that “ resistance is equal to the voltage

(potential difference) divided by the current.

Resistance (Ohm) = Voltage (volts)Current (amperes)

Q3. Howareresistance,voltage,andelectriccurrentrelated?

Ans. A scientist Simon Ohm discovered this relationship. According to him;

Resistance = VoltageCurrent

Q4. Findthepowerproducedby1.8amperecurrentatavoltageof120V.

Ans. Current = 1.8 amperes Voltage = 120 v Power = ? We know that Power = Voltage × current Power = 120 × 1.8 Power = 216 wattsQ5. Definekilowatthour.Ans. When 1000 watts are used in one hour, the power is

called kilo watt hour (KWh)


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Q6. WhatisthefunctionofanELCB(earthleakagecircuitbreaker)?

Ans. An ELCB is used to turn off the power when the current flowing through the earth wire exceeds alimit. It prevents an electric shock.

Unit Review

Science Words earth wires, Ohm, series circuit, electrical power,

electric current Fillintheblanksusingthesciencewords.1. In a __________, there is only one path for the

currenttoflow.2. One _________ is the resistance of a wire when one

amperecurrentflowsacrossitunderonevolt.3. Watt is the unit for _________.4. Theflowofelectronsthroughaconductoriscalled

_________.5. _________ protect people from electric shocks.

Answer: 1. series circuit 2. Ohm 3. electrical power 4. electric current 5. earth wires

MultipleChoiceQuestion Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. When there are several paths for a current to

take,thecircuitiscalled: (a) series circuit (b) parallel circuit (c) incomplete circuit (d) full circuit


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2. “Theresistanceisequaltothevoltagedividedbythecurrent”.Thislawwaspresentedby:

(a) George Ohm (b) George Samual (c) Alssandro Volta (d) James Watt

3. Aresistancechangestheelectricalenergyinto: (a) chemical energy (b) heat

(c) sound (d) nuclear energy4. Theenergysourcecanbe: (a) a battery (b) a light bulb

(c) a metal wire (d) an electric motor5. The electrical energy used in our house is

measuredinunitsof: (a) kilowatt-hours (b) amperes (c) kilowatts (d)watt-hour

Answer: 1. (b) 2. (a) 3.(b) 4. (a) 5. (a)

Detailed-AnswerQuestionQ1. Describeseriesandparallelcircuits,

disadvantagesofaseriescircuitandadvantagesofaparallelcircuit.

Ans. There are two important kinds of circuits i.e. series circuits and parallel circuits.

1.SeriesCircuits If all the parts of a circuit are joined one after another,

it is called a series circuit. It provides only one path forthecurrenttoflow.

Disadvantage:There is only one path for the current to take. A break in any part of the circuit stops the flowofcurrentinthewholecircuit.


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2.ParallelCircuit If different parts of a circuit are on separate branches,

it is called a parallel circuit. There are several paths for the current to take.

Advantage: There are several paths in a parallel circuit. So, a break in any branch stops the flowof current only in that branch. All other branches continue their working.

Q2. Explain heating and chemical effects of thecurrent.

Ans. 1.HeatingEffectsoftheCurrent When electricity passes through wires, some of its

part heats the wires. High resistance causes great amount of heat to produce. When a wire becomes very hot, it produces light. We observe heating effects of current in irons, toasters and electric kettles.

2.ChemicalEffectsoftheCurrent An electric current can chemically affect the

materials.Whencurrentflowsthroughasolution,itcan break the solution into its components. This process is called electrolysis.

Electrolysis can be observed in the process of electroplating. In this process, electricity is used to cover one metal with another. The rims of our bikes are nickel-plated.

Q3. Howdoelectronsflow?Explain.Ans.Thecurrentorelectronsflowsinwiresjustlikethe

flowofwaterinapipe.Bothflowfromaplaceofa higher potential to the place of a lower potential. The difference of electric potentials between two


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polesofabatterycausestheelectronstoflow.Q4. Writenoteson: i. Resistance ii. ElectricPower iii. MCBs iv. ELCBAns. i. Resistance: The tendency of a metal wire to

oppose theflowof an electric current is called itsresistance. IT depends on:

length of the wire thickness of the wire type of metal A long wire has more resistance than the short one.

Thin wires have more resistance. The resistance of copper is more than that of silver.

ii.ElectricPower:The rate at which a device uses electrical energy is called its electric power. Its unit is watt.

Power = voltage × current iii.MCBs:MCBs or miniature circuit breakers are

used to break the circuit by tripping, when a current more than usual. This switch can easily be reset.

iv.ELCB:An ELCB or earth leakage circuit breaker is also used in electric circuits. It quickly turns off the power when the current flowing through theearth wire exceeds a limit. An ELCB can also be easily reset.


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Unit 13ExploringtheSpace

Section Review I

Q1. Isayellowstar,suchasthesun,hotterorcoolerthan an orange star?

Ans. A yellow star, such as the sun is hotter than an orange star. The temperature of the sun ( a yellow star) is 6,000°C. The temperature of Arcturus (an orange star) is 4,100°C.

Q2. Wherearestarsbornintheuniverse?Ans. Stars born in nebulae. A nebula is a great cloud of

gases and dust. During the spinning movement of a nebula, gases and dust are packed into a hot ball that later becomes a star.

Q3. Whatissupernova?Ans. During the life cycle of a massive star, a supergiant

becomes so dense that it cannot bear the pressure of outer layers. The outer layers crash inward with a tremendous explosion called supernova.

Q4. Onwhich factors does the brightness of a stardepend?

Ans. The brightness of a star depends on:i distance of the star from the Earthii. amount of energy the star emits.

Q5. Whatisalight-year?Ans. A light-year is the distance that light covers in one


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year with a speed of 300,000 kilometres per second ( speed of light).

Section Review II

Q1. Defineagalaxy.Ans. A galaxy is a very large group of stars, nabulae,

gases, dust and planets. It may consist of billions of stars. Milkyway, Andromeda, etc. are galaxies.

Q2. Whatisaconstellation?Ans.A cluster of stars with a definite pattern is called

constellation. Big Dipper, Leo and Scorpius, etc are constellations.

Q3. WhenwasHubbleSpaceTelescopelaunched?Ans. Scientists launched this huge telescope in space on

April 24, 1990.Q4. Nameatleastfiveconstellationsseeninthesky.Ans. The Great Bear, Big Dipper, Little Diper, Leo and

Scorpius are a few constellations.Q5. Whatgalaxyisoursunbelongto?Ans. Our sun belongs to the Milkyway galaxy.

Unit Review

Science Words black dwarf, galaxy, Hubble Space Telescope,

refracting telescope, cosmology Fillintheblanksusingthesciencewords.1. A large group of stars, gases, and dust is a _________.2. The last stage of a low-mass star’s life is called


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_________.3. A _________ focuses light from a distant object to a

pointandmagnifiestheimage.4. The scientific studyof theuniverse, its origin and

development is called _________.5. The _________ can see objects in space more clearly

than any other telescope.

Answer: 1. galaxy 2. black dwarf 3.refracting telescope 4. cosmology 5. Hubble Space Telescope

MultipleChoiceQuestion

Circletheletterofthebestanswer.1. Stardistancesareusuallymeasuredin: (a) meters (b) kilometers

(c) light-years (d) yards2. Polaris(NorthStar)isintheconstellation: (a) Ursa Minor (b) Orion

(c) Draco (d) Taurus3. Betelgeuseisa: (a) red star (b) yellow star

(c) blue star (d) orange star4. Peoplehaveusedastartofindthedirection: (a) Polaris (b) Lyra

(c) Antares (d) Regulus5. Ourneighbouringgalaxyisnamedas: (a) Cepheus (b) Andromeda (c) Canis Major (d) Taurus


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Answer: 1. (c) 2. (a) 3.(a) 4. (a) 5. (b)

Detailed-AnswerQuestionQ1. ExplaintheBigBangtheoryoftheoriginofthe

universe.Ans. TheBigBangTheory It is a famous theory that tries to explain the origin

of our universe. About 10 to 20 billion years ago, the whole universe was in the form of one giant fireball. Then, a tremendous explosion started theexpansion of the universe. This explosion is known as the Big Bang. The Big Bang scattered the matter in all directions, with the passage of time stars and galaxies came into existance.

Q2. Describethelifecycleofalow-massstar.Ans. LifeCycleofaLow-massStar A star is also born, changes and then dies. Birth of a Star Stars born in nebulae. A nebula is a great cloud of

gases and dust. During the spinning movement, gases and dust are packed into a huge ball of matter. It is called a protostar. Protostar then becomes a star that emits heat and light.

DeathofaStar Stars continuously release energy. Our Sun is a star

of low-mass. It has been emitting energy far fivebillion years. After next 5 billion years, the hydrogen gas in the core of sun will have been used up. The sun will start to collapse and then its core will burst.


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It will be a red giant. With the passage of time this red giant will become a white dwarf and in the end a black dwarf. This is the last stage of low-mass star’s life.

Q3. Describethethreemaintypesofgalaxies.Ans. TypesofGalaxies A galaxy is a very large group of stars. There are

three main types of galaxies.1. Spiral Galaxies: A spiral galaxy has a flat

disk like shape with a bulge in the centre. Such galaxy has a few or many arms. The Milkyway and Andromeda are spiral galaxies.

2. Elliptical Galaxies: These are oval shaped galaxies. It looks like a foot ball. They do not rotate as spiral galaxies rotate around their axis.

3. Irregular Galaxies: These galaxies have no definiteshape.

Q4. Writenoteson: i. Arefractingtelescope ii.SafetymethodstousewhenobservingthesunAns.i.ARefractingTelescope A refracting telescope focuses light from a distant

object to a point and latermagnifies the image toform a better view. A simple refracting telescope consists of two convex lenses:i. Objective lens of large focal lengthii. Eye-piece of small focal length

Theselensesarefixedonseparatetubesthateasilyslide into one another.


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ii.SafetyTipsforObservingtheSun: Looking at the sun without any safety measure is

dangerous. So:i. DonotlookdirectlyattheSun.Useafilterwith

binocular or a telescope.ii. To observe solar eclipse, make its image on a

white screen or card board.iii. Use special welder’s glasses or Mylar glasses to

safely observe the solar eclipse.


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Model Paper No-11stTerm(Units1-4)

TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Ahypothesisistestedbya(n): (a) conclusion (b) data (c) experiment (d) inference2. Who studies plants, animals, microorganisms

andtheirbehaviours? (a) a chemist (b) a biologist (c) a geologist (d) a physicist3. Degree Celsius (°C) or Degree Fahrenheit (°F)

areunitsof: (a) time (b) volume (c) length (d) temperature4. Waterisabsorbedinthe: (a) liver (b) oesophagus (c) small intestine (d) large intestine5. Airismoistened,filteredandwarmedinthe: (a) larynx (b) nasal cavity (c) pharynx (d) trachea6. Exchangeofgasesoccursbetweenthe________

andcapillaries. (a) alveoli (b) bronchioles (c) bronchi (d) trachea 7. Bloodiscarriedawayfromtheheatin:


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(a) arteries (b) veins (c) nerves (d) ureters8. Wheredoestheexchangeoffood,oxygenand

wastesoccurin? (a) arteries (b) veins (c) capillaries (d) lymph vessels9. Movementofmaterialsinaplantfromaregion

of lower concentration to the region of higherconcentrationbytheuseofenergyiscalled:

(a) osmosis (b) transpiration (c) active transport (d) diffusion10. Whathelpsprotectseeds? (a) fruit (b) wind (c) bees (d) cotyledon11. Whenabeelandsonaflower,itbrushesagainst: (a) seeds (b) cones (c) pollen grains (d) fruit12. Colourfulflowersareusuallypollinatedby: (a) clothing (b) wind (c) birds (d) insects13. Theribcage_________whenyouexhale. (a) moves up (b) moves out (c) moves down (d) stays the same14. Which tissue of a plant transports water and

mineralsfromrootstoleaves? (a) xylem (b) phloem (c) bark (d) mesophyll15. The________containsfoodfortheembryo: (a) stigma (b) endosperm (c) pollen grains (d) root


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Part-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. Kilogram is the unit of ______.2. The ______ is a large tube that runs from the mouth

to the stomach.3. ______ is the movement of materials from a region

of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.

4. The ______ protects a seed.5. Most grasses depend upon ______ for their

pollination.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestionsinshort. (10×3)1. What is science?2. Writethestagesofthescientificmethod?3. What is digestion?4. What are the symptoms of constipation?5. What is pericardium?6. Name the parts of blood.7. What is pollination?8. Definefertilization.9. How can you avoid heart diseases?10. What is transpiration?Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive) (5×6)1. Describedifferentstagesofthescientificmethod.2. Explain the process of digestion of food in the mouth

and the stomach.3. Describe the structure of human heart.4. Write a brief note on transplantation.5. Write a note on fruit.6. Explain the human respiratory system.7. Write a brief note on diabetes.


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TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. DegreeCelsius(°C)orDegreeFahrenheit(°F)

areunitsof: (a) time (b) volume (c) length (d) temperature2. Whoisthefounderofmodernalgebra? (a) Newton (b) Al-Dinawari (c) Al- Khwarizmi (d) Al-Razi3. Oxygengaswasdiscoveredby: (a) Charles Darwin (b) Joseph Proust (c) Marie Curie (d) Joseph Priestly4. Exchangeofgasesoccursbetweenthe________

andcapillaries. (a) alveoli (b) bronchioles (c) bronchi (d) trachea 5. Theribcage_________whenyouexhale. (a) moves up (b) moves out (c) moves down (d) stays the same6. Theprocessof___________occursinalong,

muscularandcoiledtubecalledalimentarycanal.

(a) respiration (b) reproduction (c)digestion (d)classification7. Movementofmaterialsinaplantfromaregion


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oflowerconcentrationtotheregionofhigherconcentrationbytheuseofenergyiscalled:

(a) osmosis (b) transpiration (c) active transport (d) diffusion8. Which tissue of a plant transports water and

mineralsfromrootstoleaves? (a) xylem (b) phloem (c) bark (d) mesophyll9. Thecellsthatcontainhaemoglobinare: (a) platelets (b) bone cells (c) white blood cells (d) red blood cells10. Colourfulflowersareusuallypollinatedby: (a) clothing (b) wind (c) birds (d) insects11. The________containsfoodfortheembryo: (a) stigma (b) endosperm (c) pollen grains (d) root12. Theembryonicleavesofanembryoare: (a) root hairs (b) radicles (c) plumules (d) cotyledons13. Whostudiesplants,animals,microorganisms

andtheirbehaviours? (a) a chemist (b) a biologist (c) a geologist (d) a physicist14. Airismoistened,filteredandwarmedinthe: (a) larynx (b) nasal cavity (c) pharynx (d) trachea15. Wheredoestheexchangeoffood,oxygenand

wastesoccur? (a) in arteries (b) in veins (c) in capillaries (d) in lymph vessels


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Part-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. On the basis of analysis of the recorded data, a

scientist comes to a ________.2. Thefirstpartofsmallintestineiscalled_________.3. The liquid part of our blood is called ________.4. Ovary contains ________ which develop into seeds.5. Kilogram is the unit of _______________.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. Definechemistry.2. Who discovered radioactivity?3. What is respiration?4. What causes air to move in and out of the lungs?5. What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood

cells?6. What is asthma?7. Which is the most important part of a seed?8. What is osmosis?9. What are the symptoms of constipation?10. Name the parts of blood.Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive) (5×6)1. Writebrieflyaboutthemeasurementoftime,length,

mans, temperature and volume.2. Describe the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins.3. List and describe the four components of blood and

their functions.4. Describe the structure of a seed.5. Describedifferentstagesofthescientificmethod.6. Explain the process of digestion of food in the mouth

and the stomach.7. Describe the structure of human heart.


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TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Thestudyofforce,energyandmotionofobjects

iscalled: (a) chemistry (b) physics (c) biology (d) mathematics2. Oxygengaswasdiscoveredby: (a) Charles Darwin (b) Joseph Proust (c) Marie Curie (d) Joseph Priestly3. Ahypothesisistestedbya(n): (a) conclusion (b) data (c) experiment (d) inference4. Itisdonebyoxygengaswhichhelpsinreleasing

energyfromfood. (a) breathing (b) digestion (c) respiration (d) reproduction5. Theprocessof___________occursinalong,

muscularandcoiledtubecalledalimentarycanal.

(a) respiration (b) reproduction (c)digestion (d)classification6. Waterisabsorbedinthe: (a) liver (b) esophagus (c) small intestine (d) large intestine


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7. Itisadisorderoflungs,whichcausesattacksofwheezing,shortnessofbreathing,chesttightnessandcoughing.

(a) diabetes (b) asthma (c) malaria (d) diarrhea8. Thecellsthatcontainhemoglobinare: (a) platelets (b) bone cells (c) white blood cells (d) red blood cells9. Bloodiscarriedawayfromtheheatin: (a) arteries (b) veins (c) nerves (d) ureters10. Insidethepetals,arethemalepartsofaflower

called: (a) carpel (b) stamens (c) ovary (d) stigma11. Theembryonicleavesofanembryoare: (a) root hairs (b) radicals (c) plumules (d) cotyledons12. Whathelpsprotectseeds? (a) fruit (b) wind (c) bees (d) cotyledon13. Colourfulflowersareusuallypollinatedby: (a) clothing (b) wind (c) birds (d) insects14. Movementofmaterialsinaplantfromaregion

oflowerconcentrationtotheregionofhigherconcentrationbytheuseofenergyiscalled:

(a) osmosis (b) transpiration (c) active transport (d) diffusion


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15. Exchangeofgasesoccursbetweenthe________andcapillaries.

(a) alveoli (b) bronchioles (c) bronchi (d) tracheaPart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. A mathematician uses the method of __________ to

solve problems.2. The dome-shaped muscle at the bottom of our chest

is called ________.3 Diabetes is a disorder of __________.4. Most grasses depend upon _______ for their

pollination.5. The ______________ protects a seed.Q.2 Answerthequestioninshort. (10×3)1. Who is the founder of modern algebra?2. What is science?3. Which blood vessels in the lungs help your body

take in and give of gases?4. What is digestion?5. How can you avoid heart diseases?6. What is pericardium?7. What is transpiration?8. What is pollination?9. Writethestagesofthescientificmethod?10. Definefertilization.Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive)(5×6)1. Write contributions of the following scientists:2. Explain the human respiratory system.3. Write brief note on diabetes.


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4. Write a note on fruit.5. Write brief note on transplantation.6. Explain the process of digestion of food in the mouth

and the stomach.7. Describe the structure of a seed.


85


TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Whoisthefounderofmodernalgebra? (a) Newton (b) Al-Dinawari (c) Al- Khwarizmi (d) Al-Razi2. Ahypothesisistestedbya(n): (a) conclusion (b) data (c) experiment (d) inference3. Thestudyofforce,energyandmotionofobjects

iscalled: (a) chemistry (b) physics (c) biology (d) mathematics4. Theribcage_________whenyouexhale. (a) moves up (b) moves out (c) moves down (d) stays the same5. Waterisabsorbedinthe: (a) liver (b) esophagus (c) small intestine (d) large intestine6. Itisdonebyoxygengaswhichhelpsinreleasing

energyfromfood. (a) breathing (b) digestion (c) respiration (d) reproduction7. Whichtissueofaplanttransportswaterand

mineralsfromrootstoleaves? (a) xylem (b) phloem


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(c) bark (d) mesophyll8. Bloodiscarriedawayfromtheheatin: (a) arteries (b) veins (c) nerves (d) ureters9. Itisadisorderoflungs,whichcausesattacksof

wheezing,shortnessofbreathing,chesttightnessandcoughing.

(a) diabetes (b) asthma (c) malaria (d) diarrhea10. The________containsfoodfortheembryo: (a) stigma (b) endosperm (c) pollen grains (d) root11. Whathelpsprotectseeds? (a) fruit (b) wind (c) bees (d) cotyledon12. Insidethepetals,arethemalepartsofaflower

called: (a) carpel (b) stamens (c) ovary (d) stigma13. Whenabeelandsonaflower,itbrushesagainst: (a) seeds (b) cones (c) pollen grains (d) fruit14. Where does the exchange of food, oxygen and

wastesoccur? (a) in arteries (b) in veins (c) in capillaries (d) in lymph vessels15. Airismoistened,filteredandwarmedinthe: (a) larynx (b) nasal cavity (c) pharynx (d) trachea


87

Part-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. The ___________ is a large tube that suns from the

mouth to the stomach.2. On the basis of analysis of the recorded data, a

scientist comes to a ________.3. ___________ is the movement of materials from a


4. The liquid part of our blood is called ________.5. Ovary contains __________ which develop into

seeds.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. Who discovered radioactivity?2. Definechemistry.3. Who is the founder of modern algebra?4. What are the symptoms of constipation?5. What is respiration?6. What causes air to move in and out of the lungs?7. Name the parts of blood.8. What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood

cells?9. Which is the most important part of a seed?10. What is osmosis?Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive)(5×6)1. Explain the process of digestion of food in the mouth

and the stomach.2. Writebrieflyaboutthemeasurementoftime,length,

mans, temperature and volume.3. Describe the structure of human heart.


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4. List and describe the four components of blood and their functions.

5. Describe the structure of a seed.6. Describedifferentstagesofthescientificmethod7. Describe the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins.


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Model Paper No-12ndTerm(Units5-8)

TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. The non-living part of any ecosystem is called

the: (a) habitat (b) community (c) population (d) environment2. Organismsthatmaketheirownfoodarecalled: (a) autotrophs (b) heterotrophs (c) consumers (d) decomposers3. Agreatvarietyofplantsandanimalsisfoundin

a: (a) desert habitat (b) pond habitat (c) tropical rainforest habitat (d) grassland habitat4. Thewaterthatsoaksintothegroundiscalled: (a) earth water (b) ground water (c) water table (d) aquifer5. Runningwatercollectsinlarge,deep

depressionsintheearth’scrustandforms: (a) river (b) a stream (c) a lake (d) a sea6. Placeswheregroundwaterbubblesorflowsout

ofcracksintherocksautomaticallyarecalled: (a) geysers (b) springs (c) icebergs (d) lakes


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7. Anatomhasnooverallchargeifitcontainsequalnumberof:

(a) electrons and neutrons (b) electrons and protons (c) protons and neutrons (d) positrons and neutrons8. Whichofthefollowingdescribeswhathappens

whenanatombecomesapositiveionwithacharge?

(a) the atom gains 2 protons (b) the atom loses 2 protons (c) the atom loses 2 electrons (d) the atom gains 2 electrons9. Thecorrectchemicalformulaforcalcium

chlorideis: (a) CaCl (b) Ca2Cl (c) CaCl2 (d) Ca2Cl210. Lightingamatchisanexampleofa: (a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) change in pressure (d) change of colour11. Anexampleofachemicalchangeis: (a) boiling of water (b) evaporation of water (c) burning of paper (d) melting of ice12. Theredcolourofaroseturnsbrown.Itisa: (a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) reversible change (d) sudden change13. Themajorsourcesofwaterpollutionare: (a) human wastes (b) industrial wastes (c) agricultural chemicals (d) all of them


91


energyisabsorbedorevolved” (a) James Chadwick (b) Rutherford (c) Niels Bohr (d) John Dalton15. Whichoneisanon-reversiblechange? (a) rotting egg (b) mixing of salt in water (c) switching on a tube light (d) wetting a dry clothPart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. Plants use solar energy to make food so, they are

__________.2. Water moves easily through porous socks which are

called _______________.3. Helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr),

etc are __________.4. Burning of paper is a ____________.5. Metal status _________ very slowly.Q.2 Answerthequestioninshort. (10×3)1. What is a habitat?2. What is a parasite?3. Why is the earth called water planet?4. What do you mean by soft and hand water?5. What were the ideas of John Dalton about an atom?6. Definevalency.7. What is hydrogenation?8. Defineplastics.9. In what part of an atom is most of its mass located?


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10. Defineachemicalchange.Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive)(5×6)1. Describe factors that can bring daily and yearly

changes in the habitat2. Explain, how water is the most essential element of

life?3. Describe the structure of an atom.4. Explain with examples that a chemical change brings

change in the proper ties of a substance.5. Explain reversible and non-reversible changes with

examples.6. What makes our water impure?7. State the law of constant composition and give

examples.


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TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Agreatvarietyofplantsandanimalsisfoundin

a: (a) desert habitat (b) pond habitat (c) tropical rainforest habitat (d) grassland habitat2. Seals, penguins and turtles use __________ to

moveinwater. (a)fins (b)webbedfeet (c)tubefeet (d)flippers3. Bychangingcolourananimalcanblendintoits

surrounding and deceive its predator or prey.Thispropertyiscalled:

(a)camouflage (b)mimicry (c) predation (d) competition4. Placeswheregroundwaterbubblesorflowsout

ofcracksintherocksautomaticallyarecalled: (a) geysers (b) springs (c) icebergs (d) lakes5. Themajorsourcesofwaterpollutionare: (a) human wastes (b) industrial wastes (c) agricultural chemicals (d) all of them


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6. Weusewaterduringshowering: (a) 10% (b) 20 % (c) 45% (d) 14%7. The correct chemical formula for calcium

chlorideis: (a) CaCl (b) Ca2Cl (c) CaCl2 (d) Ca2Cl28. Whosestatementisthis? “Whenelectronsjumpfromoneshelltotheother,

energyisabsorbedorevolved” (a) James Chadwick (b) Rutherford (c) Niels Bohr (d) John Dalton9. ThenumberofelectronsinN-shellcanbe: (a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 18 (d) 3210. Theredcolourofaroseturnsbrown.Itisa: (a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) reversible change (d) sudden change11. Whichoneisanon-reversiblechange? (a) rotting egg (b) mixing of salt in water (c) switching on a tube light (d) wetting a dry cloth12. Thecolourofoxygengasis: (a) pink (b) white (c) yellow (d) none of them, butt colourless13. Organismsthatmaketheirownfoodarecalled: (a) autotrophs (b) heterotrophs (c) consumers (d) decomposers


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14. Runningwatercollectsinlarge,deepdepressionsintheearth’scrustandforms:

(a) river (b) a stream (c) a lake (d) a sea15. Whichof the followingdescribeswhathappens

when an atom becomes a positive ion with acharge?

(a) the atom gains 2 protons (b) the atom loses 2 protons (c) the atom loses 2 electrons (d) the atom gains 2 electronsPart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. __________________ is essential for life.2. Rivers, lakes and ponds are the sources of _______.3. The number of protons in an atom is called ______.4. _______________ react with oxygen of air and

change chemically.5. Plants use solar energy to make food so, they are

__________.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. What is a parasite?2. Defineadaptation.3. What is a glacier?4. Definedistillationofwater.5. Defineamoleculeandanion.6. Write three uses of isotopes in medicines.7. Give three examples of non-reversible changes8. What is meant by a physical change?9. What do you mean by soft and hand water?


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10. Definevalency.Q.3 Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive) (5×6)1. Explain a food chain and a food web with examples.2. How can we conserve water?3. What is an ion? How ions are formed?4. Discuss advantages and harmful effects of chemical

fertilizers.5. Describe factors that can bring daily and yearly

changes in the habitat6. Explain, how water is the most essential element of

life?7. Describe the structure of an atom.


97


TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Plantsuse____________forphotosynthesis. (a) oxygen (b) nitrogen (c) carbon dioxide (d) hydrogen2. Bychangingcolourananimalcanblendintoits

surroundinganddeceiveitspredatororprey.Thispropertyiscalled:

(a)camouflage (b)mimicry (c) predation (d) competition3. Thenon-livingpartofanyecosystemiscalled

the: (a) habitat (b) community (c) population (d) environment4. Heavymechanicalcomplexes,oilrefineries

andnuclearreactorsuse________forcoolingpurpous.

(a) steam (b) water (c) nitrogen gas (d) oxygen gas5. Weusewaterduringshowering: (a) 10% (b) 20 % (c) 45% (d) 14%6. Thewaterthatsoaksintothegroundiscalled: (a) earth water (b) ground water (c) water table (d) aquifer


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7. Thecorrectchemicalformulaforsugaris: (a) C11 H22 O12 (b) C11 H12 O22 (c) C22 H11 O12 (d) C12 H22 O118. ThenumberofelectronsinN-shellcanbe: (a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 18 (d) 329. Anatomhasnooverallchargeifitcontainsequal

numberof: (a) electrons and neutrons (b) electrons and protons (c) protons and neutrons (d) positrons and neutrons10. Theprocess that changesvegetableoil into fats

(Banaspatighee)iscalled: (a) condensation (b) reversible change (c) hydrogenation (d) Non-reversible change11. Thecolourofoxygengasis: (a) pink (b) white (c) yellow (d) none of them, butt colourless12. Lightingamatchisanexampleofa: (a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) change in pressure (d) change of colour13. Theredcolourofaroseturnsbrown.Itisa: (a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) reversible change (d) sudden change14. The correct chemical formula for calcium

chlorideis: (a) CaCl (b) Ca2Cl (c) CaCl2 (d) Ca2Cl2


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15. Placeswheregroundwaterbubblesorflowsoutofcracksintherocksautomaticallyarecalled:

(a) geysers (b) springs (c) icebergs (d) lakesPart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. A coniferous forest is found in ________

environment.2. Harmful and unwanted substances in water are

called ________.3. A ________ is the particle with no change.4. Metal status ________ very slowly.5. Burning of paper is a ________.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?2. What is a habitat?3. Definewaterpollution.4. Why is the earth called water planet?5. In what part of an atom is most of its mass located?6. What were the ideas of John Dalton about an atom?7. Defineachemicalchange.8. What is hydrogenation?9. What is a parasite?10. Defineplastics.Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive)(5x6)1. What are the effects of humidity on life?2. What makes our water impure?3. State the law of constant composition and give

examples.4. Explain reversible and non-reversible changes with


100

examples.5. Explain with examples that a chemical change brings

change in the proper ties of a substance.6. Explain, how water is the most essential element of

life?7. Discuss advantages and harmful effects of chemical

fertilizers.


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TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Seals,penguinsandturtlesuse________tomove

in water. (a)fins (b)webbedfeet (c)tubefeet (d)flippers2. The non-living part of any ecosystem is called

the: (a) habitat (b) community (c) population (d) environment3. Plantsuse____________forphotosynthesis. (a) oxygen (b) nitrogen (c) carbon dioxide (d) hydrogen4. Themajorsourcesofwaterpollutionare: (a) human wastes (b) industrial wastes (c) agricultural chemicals (d) all of them5. Thewaterthatsoaksintothegroundiscalled: (a) earth water (b) ground water (c) water table (d) aquifer6. Heavymechanicalcomplexes,oilrefineries


(a) steam (b) water (c) nitrogen gas (d) oxygen gas


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energyisabsorbedorevolved” (a) James Chadwick (b) Rutherford (c) Niels Bohr (d) John Dalton8. Anatomhasnooverallchargeifitcontainsequal

numberof: (a) electrons and neutrons (b) electrons and protons (c) protons and neutrons (d) positrons and neutrons9. Thecorrectchemicalformulaforsugaris: (a) C11 H22 O12 (b) C11 H12 O22 (c) C22 H11 O12 (d) C12 H22 O1110. Whichoneisanon-reversiblechange? (a) rotting egg (b) mixing of salt in water (c) switching on a tube light (d) wetting a dry cloth11. Lightingamatchisanexampleofa: (a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) change in pressure (d) change of colour12. Theprocess that changesvegetableoil into fats

(Banaspatighee)iscalled: (a) condensation (b) reversible change (c) hydrogenation (d) Non-reversible change13. Anexampleofachemicalchangeis: (a) boiling of water (b) evaporation of water (c) burning of paper (d) melting of ice


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14. Whichof the followingdescribeswhathappenswhen an atom becomes a positive ion with acharge?

(a) the atom gains 2 protons (b) the atom loses 2 protons (c) the atom loses 2 electrons (d) the atom gains 2 electrons15. Runningwatercollectsinlarge,deepdepressions

intheearth’scrustandforms: (a) river (b) a stream (c) a lake (d) a seaPart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. Water moves easily through porous socks which are

called __________.2. __________ is essential for life.3. Helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr),

etc are __________.4. The number of protons in an atom is called

__________.5. __________ react with oxygen of air and change

chemically.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. Defineadaptation.2. What role does sunlight play in an ecosystem?3. What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?4. What do you mean by soft and hand water?5. What is a glacier?6. Definedistillationofwater7. Definevalency.


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8. Defineamoleculeandanion.9. Give three examples of non-reversible changes10. What is meant by a physical change?Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive)(5×6)1. Explain, how water is the most essential element of

life?2. Explain a food chain and a food web with examples.3. Describe the structure of an atom.4. What is an ion? How ions are formed?5. Discuss advantages and harmful effects of chemical

fertilizers.6. Describe factors that can bring daily and yearly

changes in the habitat7. How can we conserve water?


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Model Paper No-13rdTerm(Units9-13)

TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Heatenergytravelsthroughametalspooninhot

teamostlyby: (a) radiation (b) conduction (c) convection (d) insulation2. What is the name given to any material that

transfersheatenergyeasily? (a) thermal (b) metal (c) insulator (d) conductor3. Landandseabreezesblowdueto: (a) conduction of heat (b) convection of heat (c) radiation of heat (d) emission of heat4. The splitting of white light into its component

coloursiscalled: (a) dispersion of light (b)reflectionoflight (c) interference of light (d)irregularreflection5. Weseeamirageduetothe: (a)reflectionoflight (b)totalinternalreflection (c) dispersion of light (d) spectrum of light


106

6. Whenallthecoloursoflightarereflectedintooureyes,theobjectappears:

(a) black (b) red (c) green (d) white7. Hittinganobjectharderwillmakethevolume: (a) softer (b) the same (c) lower (d) louder8. Thelowestpartsofatransversewavesarecalled: (a) crests (b) compressions (c) rarefactions (d) troughs9. Soundwavestravelmostquicklythrough: (a) solids (b) gases (c) air (d) liquids10. Theenergysourcecanbe: (a) a battery (b) a light bulb (c) a metal wire (d) an electric motor11. Theelectricalenergyusedinourhouseis

measuredinunitsof: (a) kilowatt-hours (b) amperes (c) kilowatts (d) watt-hours12 Stardistancesareusuallymeasuredin: (a) meters (b) kilometres (c) light-years (d) yards13. Bymixingamagentaandcyanpigmentswecan

producethecolour: (a) blue (b) green (c) white (d) red14. Whenthereareseveralpathsforacurrentto

take,thecircuitiscalled: (a) series circuit (b) parallel circuit


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(c) incomplete circuit (d) full circuit15. Polaris(NorthStar)isintheconstellation: (a) Ursa Minor (b) Orion (c) Draco (d) TaurusPart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. Radiation is the fastest way to transfer ________.2. A ________ is a transparent wedge-shaped block of

glass.3. A material thing through which a wave travels is

called a ________.4. A large group of stars, gas and dust is a ________.5. The scientific studyof theuniverse, its origin and

development is called ________.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. What is conduction of heat?2. How does convection of heat occur?3. What is refractive index?4. Whatismeantbytotalinternalreflection?5. Defineultrasoundandinfrasound.6. What is the unit of the loudness of a sound?7. Definekilowatthour.8. What is supernova?9. State Ohm’s law10. What is a constellation?Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive)(5×6)1. What is convection? How does it occur?2. What is the law of refraction? Verify it through an

activity.3. Describe loudness and pitch of the sound.


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4. Write a note on electric power.5. Describe the three main types of galaxies. 6. Write a brief note on “hearing loss”.7. Write a note on resistance.


109


TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Landandseabreezesblowdueto: (a) conduction of heat (b) convection of heat (c) radiation of heat (d) emission of heat2. How is the transfer of heat slowed down in a

thermosbottle? (a) by the use of a vacuum (b) by the use of paper (c) by the use of a metal sheet (d) by the use of wood3. Whattypeofenergytransferproducesweather? (a) radiation (b) convection (c) conduction (d) atmospheric4. Whenallthecoloursoflightarereflectedinto

oureyes,theobjectappears: (a) black (b) red (c) green (d) white5. Bymixingamagentaandcyanpigmentswecan

producethecolour: (a) blue (b) green (c) white (d) red6. Thedistancebetweenonecrestandthenextcrest

isthewave’s: (a) amplitude (b) wavelength


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(c) frequency (d) speed7. Soundwavestravelmostquicklythrough: (a) solids (b) gases (c) air (d) liquids8. Whenthereareseveralpathsforacurrentto

take,thecircuitiscalled: (a) series circuit (b) parallel circuit (c) incomplete circuit (d) full circuit9. “Theresistanceisequaltothevoltagedividedby

thecurrent”.Thislawwaspresentedby: (a) George Ohm (b) George Samuel (c) Alessandro Volta (d) James Watt10. Stardistancesareusuallymeasuredin: (a) meters (b) kilometres (c) light-years (d) yards11. Polaris(NorthStar)isintheconstellation: (a) Ursa Minor (b) Orion (c) Draco (d) Taurus12. Betelgeuseisa: (a) red star (b) yellow star (c) blue star (d) orange star13. Whatisthenamegiventoanymaterialthat

transfersheatenergyeasily? (a) thermal (b) metal (c) insulator (d) conductor14. Weseeamirageduetothe: (a)reflectionoflight (b)totalinternalreflection (c) dispersion of light (d) spectrum of light15. Thelowestpartsofatransversewavesarecalled: (a) crests (b) compressions (c) rarefactions (d) troughs


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Part-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. Anymaterialthatflowsiscalleda__________.2. The distance a wave covers or travels in one second

is called its __________.3. Watt is the unit for __________.4. The last stage of a low-mass star’s life is called

__________.5. Radiation is the fastest way to transfer __________.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. How does convection of heat occur?2. How can the food be kept hot for a longer period?3. What are the primary pigment colours?4. Defineawave.5. What is electric current?6. Defineacircuit.7. What is a light-year?8. Defineagalaxy.9. Whatismeantbytotalinternalreflection?10. What is the unit of the loudness of a sound?Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(Anyfive)(5×6)1. Write everyday applications of conduction of heat.2. Describe the basic properties of waves.3. Howdoelectronsflow?Explain.4. Explain the Big Bang theory of the origins of the

universe.5. What is convection ? How does it occur?6. What is the law of refraction? Verify it through an

activity.7. Describe loudness and pitch of the sound.


112


TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Refractiveindexofglassis: (a) 1.47 (b) 2.42 (c) 1.5 (d) 1.332. Whattypeofenergytransferproducesweather? (a) radiation (b) convection (c) conduction (d) atmospheric3. Heatenergytravelsthroughametalspooninhot

teamostlyby: (a) radiation (b) conduction (c) convection (d) insulation4. Asoundwaveisa: (a) transverse wave (b) longitudinal wave (c) reverse wave (d) standing wave5. Thedistancebetweenonecrestandthenextcrest

isthewave’s: (a) amplitude (b) wavelength (c) frequency (d) speed6. Thesplittingofwhitelightintoitscomponent

coloursiscalled: (a)dispersionoflight (b)reflectionoflight (c)interferenceoflight (d)irregularreflection7. Aresistancechangestheelectricalenergyinto: (a) chemical energy (b) heat


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(c) sound (d) nuclear energy8. “Theresistanceisequaltothevoltagedividedby

thecurrent”.Thislawwaspresentedby: (a) George Ohm (b) George Samuel (c) Alessandro Volta (d) James Watt9. Hittinganobjectharderwillmakethevolume: (a) softer (b) the same (c) lower (d) louder10. Ourneighbouringgalaxyisnamedas: (a) Cepheus (b) Andromeda (c) Canis Major (d) Taurus11. Betelgeuseisa: (a) red star (b) yellow star (c) blue star (d) orange star12. Theenergysourcecanbe: (a) a battery (b) a light bulb (c) a metal wire (d) an electric motor13 Stardistancesareusuallymeasuredin: (a) meters (b) kilometres (c) light-years (d) yards14. Soundwavestravelmostquicklythrough: (a) solids (b) gases (c) air (d) liquids15. Whenallthecoloursoflightarereflectedinto

oureyes,theobjectappears: (a) black (b) red (c) green (d) whitePart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. The angle of incidence at which maximum refraction


114

occurs is called the __________.2. A __________ is a repeated to-and-fro or up-and-

down motion.3. Theflowofelectronsthroughaconductoriscalled

__________.4. The scientific studyof theuniverse, its origin and

development is called __________.5. A large group of stars, gas and dust is a _________.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. What is refraction of light?2. What is conduction of heat?3. List the four basic properties of waves.4. What is refractive index?5. State Ohm’s law.6. Defineultrasoundandinfrasound.7. What is a constellation?8. Definekilowatthour.9. How does convection of heat occur?10. What is supernova?Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive)(5×6)1. Whatisthetotalintervalreflection?Explainitwith

an example.2. Write a brief note on “hearing loss”.3. Write a note on resistance.4. Describe the three main types of galaxies. 5. Write a note on electric power.6. What is the law of refraction? Verify it through an

activity.7. Explain the Big Bang theory of the origins of the

universe.


115


TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Howisthetransferofheatsloweddownina

thermosbottle? (a) by the use of a vacuum (b) by the use of paper (c) by the use of a metal sheet (d) by the use of wood2. Heatenergytravelsthroughametalspooninhot

teamostlyby: (a) radiation (b) conduction (c) convection (d) insulation3. Refractiveindexofglassis: (a) 1.47 (b) 2.42 (c) 1.5 (d) 1.334. Bymixingamagentaandcyanpigmentswecan

producethecolour: (a) blue (b) green (c) white (d) red5. Thesplittingofwhitelightintoitscomponent

coloursiscalled: (a) dispersion of light (b)reflectionoflight (c) interference of light (d)irregularreflection


116

6. Asoundwaveisa: (a) transverse wave (b) longitudinal wave (c) reverse wave (d) standing wave7. When there are several paths for a current to

take,thecircuitiscalled: (a) series circuit (b) parallel circuit (c) incomplete circuit (d) full circuit8. Hittinganobjectharderwillmakethevolume: (a) softer (b) the same (c) lower (d) louder9. Aresistancechangestheelectricalenergyinto: (a) chemical energy (b) heat (c) sound (d) nuclear energy10. Polaris(NorthStar)isintheconstellation: (a) Ursa Minor (b) Orion (c) Draco (d) Taurus11. Theenergysourcecanbe: (a) a battery (b) a light bulb (c) a metal wire (d) an electric motor12. Ourneighbouringgalaxyisnamedas: (a) Cepheus (b) Andromeda (c) Canis Major (d) Taurus13. Theelectricalenergyusedinourhouseis

measuredinunitsof: (a) kilowatt-hours (b) amperes (c) kilowatts (d) watt-hours14. Thelowestpartsofatransversewavesarecalled: (a) crests (b) compressions (c) rarefactions (d) troughs


117

15. Weseeamirageduetothe: (a)reflectionoflight (b)totalinternalreflection (c) dispersion of light (d) spectrum of lightPart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. A ________ is a transparent wedge-shaped block of

glass.2. Anymaterialthatflowsiscalleda________.3. A material thing through which a wave travels is

called a ________.4. Watt is the unit for ________.5. The last stage of a low-mass star’s life is called

________.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. How can the food be kept hot for a longer period?2. How does heat of the sun reach the Earth?3. What is refraction of light?4. Whatismeantbytotalinternalreflection?5. What are the primary pigment colours?6. Defineawave.7. What is the unit of the loudness of a sound?8. What is electric current?9. What is a light-year?10. Defineagalaxy.Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive)(5×6)1. What is the law of refraction? Verify it through an

activity.2. Write everyday applications of conduction of heat.


118

3. Describe loudness and pitch of the sound.4. Howdoelectronsflow?Explain.5. Explain the Big Bang theory of the origins of the

universe.6. What is convection? How does it occur?7. Describe the basic properties of waves.


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Model Paper No-1FinalTerm(Units1-13)

TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Ahypothesisistestedbya(n): (a) conclusion (b) data (c) experiment (d) inference2. Degree Celsius (°C) or Degree Fahrenheit (°F)

areunitsof: (a) time (b) volume (c) length (d) temperature3. Thestudyofforce,energyandmotionofobjects

iscalled: (a) chemistry (b) physics (c) biology (d) mathematics4. Whathelpsprotectseeds? (a) fruit (b) wind (c) bees (d) cotyledon5. Theembryonicleavesofanembryoare: (a) root hairs (b) radicles (c) plumules (d) cotyledons6. Thenon-livingpartofanyecosystemiscalled

the: (a) habitat (b) community (c) population (d) environment


120

7. Heavymechanicalcomplexes,oilrefineriesandnuclearreactorsuse________forcoolingpurpous.

(a) steam (b) water (c) nitrogen gas (d) oxygen gas8. Whosestatementisthis? “Whenelectronsjumpfromoneshelltotheother,

energyisabsorbedorevolved” (a) James Chadwick (b) Rutherford (c) Niels Bohr (d) John Dalton9. Lightingamatchisanexampleofa: (a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) change in pressure (d) change of colour10. Refractiveindexofglassis: (a) 1.47 (b) 2.42 (c) 1.5 (d) 1.3311. When all the colours of light are reflected into

oureyes,theobjectappears: (a) black (b) red (c) green (d) white12. Asoundwaveisa: (a) transverse wave (b) longitudinal wave (c) reverse wave (d) standing wave13. Agreatvarietyofplantsandanimalsisfoundin

a: (a) desert habitat (b) pond habitat (c) tropical rainforest habitat


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(d) grassland habitat14. Thecolourofoxygengasis: (a) pink (b) white (c) yellow (d) none of them, butt colourless15. When there are several paths for a current to

take,thecircuitiscalled: (a) series circuit (b) parallel circuit (c) incomplete circuit (d) full circuitPart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. Kilogram is the unit of__________.2. The __________ protects a seed.3. Helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr),

etc are __________.4. A __________ is a transparent wedge-shaped block

of glass.5. A large group of stars, gas and dust is a __________.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. What is science?2. Who discovered radioactivity?3. What is asthma?5. Which is the most important part of a seed?6. Definedistillationofwater7. What were the ideas of John Dalton about an atom?8. How can the food be kept hot for a longer period?9. What is refractive index?10. What is conduction of heat?11. What is a light-year?


122

Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive)(5×6)1. Describedifferentstagesofthescientificmethod.2. Write brief note on transplantation.3. Describe the structure of an atom.4. What is the law of refraction? Verify it through an

activity5. Write a note on electric power.6. Explain, how water is the most essential element of

life?7. What is convection? How does it occur?


123


TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Thestudyofforce,energyandmotionofobjects

iscalled: (a) chemistry (b) physics (c) biology (d) mathematics2. Exchangeofgasesoccursbetweenthe________

andcapillaries. (a) alveoli (b) bronchioles (c) bronchi (d) trachea 3. Itisdonebyoxygengaswhichhelpsinreleasing

energyfromfood. (a) breathing (b) digestion (c) respiration (d) reproduction4. The non-living part of any ecosystem is called

the: (a) habitat (b) community (c) population (d) environment5. Agreatvarietyofplantsandanimalsisfoundin

a: (a) desert habitat (b) pond habitat (c) tropical rainforest habitat (d) grassland habitat


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6. Plantsuse____________forphotosynthesis. (a) oxygen (b) nitrogen (c) carbon dioxide (d) hydrogen7. Lightingamatchisanexampleofa: (a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) change in pressure (d) change of colour8. Thecolourofoxygengasis: (a) pink (b) white (c) yellow (d) none of them, butt colourless9. Heatenergytravelsthroughametalspooninhot

teamostlyby: (a) radiation (b) conduction (c) convection (d) insulation10. Asoundwaveisa: (a) transverse wave (b) longitudinal wave (c) reverse wave (d) standing wave11. When there are several paths for a current to

take,thecircuitiscalled: (a) series circuit (b) parallel circuit (c) incomplete circuit (d) full circuit12. Theenergysourcecanbe: (a) a battery (b) a light bulb (c) a metal wire (d) an electric motor13. Degree Celsius (°C) or Degree Fahrenheit (°F)

areunitsof: (a) time (b) volume (c) length (d) temperature14. Theembryonicleavesofanembryoare:


125

(a) root hairs (b) radicles (c) plumules (d) cotyledons15. Whosestatementisthis? “Whenelectronsjumpfromoneshelltotheother,

energyisabsorbedorevolved” (a) James Chadwick (b) Rutherford (c) Niels Bohr (d) John DaltonPart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. The _________ is a large tube that suns from the

mouth to the stomach.2. Plants use solar energy to make food so, they are

_________.3. Burning of paper is a _________.4. A material thing through which a wave travels is

called a _________.5. Kilogram is the unit of _________.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. Who discovered radioactivity?2. What causes air to move in and out of the lungs?3. What is a habitat?4. Defineadaptation5. Write three uses of isotopes in medicines.6. Give three examples of non-reversible changes7. Defineawave.8. What is electric current?9. Which is the most important part of a seed?10. What were the ideas of John Dalton about an atom?Q.3.Answerthefollowingindetail.(Anyfive)(5×6)1. Explain the process of digestion of food in the mouth


126

and the stomach.2. Describe factors that can bring daily and yearly

changes in the habitat.3. Explain with examples that a chemical change brings

change in the proper ties of a substance.4. Describe loudness and pitch of the sound.5. Describedifferentstagesofthescientificmethod.6. Write brief note on transplantation.7. Describe the structure of an atom.


127


TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Whichtissueofaplanttransportswaterand

mineralsfromrootstoleaves? (a) xylem (b) phloem (c) bark (d) mesophyll2. Itisdonebyoxygengaswhichhelpsinreleasing

energyfromfood. (a) breathing (b) digestion (c) respiration (d) reproduction3. Ahypothesisistestedbya(n): (a) conclusion (b) data (c) experiment (d) inference4. Placeswheregroundwaterbubblesorflowsout

ofcracksintherocksautomaticallyarecalled: (a) geysers (b) springs (c) icebergs (d) lakes5. Plantsuse____________forphotosynthesis. (a) oxygen (b) nitrogen (c) carbon dioxide (d) hydrogen6. Whathelpsprotectseeds? (a) fruit (b) wind (c) bees (d) cotyledon


128

7. Landandseabreezesblowdueto: (a) conduction of heat (b) convection of heat (c) radiation of heat (d) emission of heat8. Heatenergytravelsthroughametalspooninhot

teamostlyby: (a) radiation (b) conduction (c) convection (d) insulation9. Heavymechanicalcomplexes,oilrefineries


(a) steam (b) water (c) nitrogen gas (d) oxygen gas10. Betelgeuseisa: (a) red star (b) yellow star (c) blue star (d) orange star11. Theenergysourcecanbe: (a) a battery (b) a light bulb (c) a metal wire (d) an electric motor12. Refractiveindexofglassis: (a) 1.47 (b) 2.42 (c) 1.5 (d) 1.3313. Asoundwaveisa: (a) transverse wave (b) longitudinal wave (c) reverse wave (d) standing wave14. Lightingamatchisanexampleofa: (a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) change in pressure (d) change of colour


129

15. Thenon-livingpartofanyecosystemiscalledthe:

(a) habitat (b) community (c) population (d) environmentPart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. ___________ is the movement of materials from a


2. Water moves easily through porous socks which are called ___________.

3. Radiation is the fastest way to transfer ___________.4. A large group of stars, gas and dust is a ___________.5. A ___________ is a transparent wedge-shaped block

of glass.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. What is pericardium?2. What is science?3. Why is the earth called water planet?4. What is asthma?5. What is conduction of heat?6. Definedistillationofwater7. What is a light-year?8. How can the food be kept hot for a longer period?9. Who discovered radioactivity?10. What is refractive index?Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(anyfive)(5×6)1. Describe the structure of human heart.2. Explain, how water is the most essential element of

life?


130

3. What is convection ? How does it occur?4. Write a note on electric power.5. What is the law of refraction? Verify it through an

activity.6. Write brief note on transplantation.7. Describe loudness and pitch of the sound.


131


TimeAllowed:2:00Hours TotalMarks:100Part-A(MultipleChoiceQuestions)• Fifteen(15)MultipleChoiceQuestions(MCQs) aregiveninthispart.Allquestionscarryequal marks. (15×2)1. Exchangeofgasesoccursbetweenthe________

andcapillaries. (a) alveoli (b) bronchioles (c) bronchi (d) trachea2. Ahypothesisistestedbya(n): (a) conclusion (b) data (c) experiment (d) inference3. Which tissue of a plant transports water and

mineralsfromrootstoleaves? (a) xylem (b) phloem (c) bark (d) mesophyll4. Agreatvarietyofplantsandanimalsisfoundin

a: (a) desert habitat (b) pond habitat (c) tropical rainforest habitat (d) grassland habitat5. Whathelpsprotectseeds? (a) fruit (b) wind (c) bees (d) cotyledon6. Placeswheregroundwaterbubblesorflowsout

ofcracksintherocksautomaticallyarecalled: (a) geysers (b) springs (c) icebergs (d) lakes


132

7. Thecolourofoxygengasis: (a) pink (b) white (c) yellow (d) none of them, butt colourless8. Heavymechanicalcomplexes,oilrefineries


(a) steam (b) water (c) nitrogen gas (d) oxygen gas9. Landandseabreezesblowdueto: (a) conduction of heat (b) convection of heat (c) radiation of heat (d) emission of heat10. When there are several paths for a current to

take,thecircuitiscalled: (a) series circuit (b) parallel circuit (c) incomplete circuit (d) full circuit11. Refractiveindexofglassis: (a) 1.47 (b) 2.42 (c) 1.5 (d) 1.3312. Betelgeuseisa: (a) red star (b) yellow star (c) blue star (d) orange star13. Whenallthecoloursoflightarereflectedinto

oureyes,theobjectappears: (a) black (b) red (c) green (d) white14. Whosestatementisthis? “Whenelectronsjumpfromoneshelltotheother,

energyisabsorbedorevolved”


133

(a) James Chadwick (b) Rutherford (c) Niels Bohr (d) John Dalton15. Theembryonicleavesofanembryoare: (a) root hairs (b) radicles (c) plumules (d) cotyledonsPart-B(OpenEndedQuestions) Marks:70Q.1.Fillintheblanks. (5×2)1. The ______________ protects a seed.2. The ___________ is a large tube that suns from the

mouth to the stomach.3. Helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr),

etc are __________.4. Burning of paper is a ____________.5. A material thing through which a wave travels is

called a _______________.Q.2 Answerthefollowingquestioninshort. (10×3)1. What causes air to move in and out of the lungs?2. What is digestion?3. What is pericardium?4. Which is the most important part of a seed?5. What is a habitat?6. Defineadaptation7. What were the ideas of John Dalton about an atom?8. Write three uses of isotopes in medicines.9. Defineawave.10. What is electric current?Q.3.Answerthequestionsindetail.(Anyfive)(5×6)1. Write brief note on transplantation.2. Explain the process of digestion of food in the mouth

and the stomach.


134

3. Describe the structure of an atom.4. Explain with examples that a chemical change brings

change in the proper ties of a substance.5. Describe loudness and pitch of the sound.6. Describedifferentstagesofthescientificmethod.7. Describe factors that can bring daily and yearly

changes in the habitat.


135

SCHEME OF STUDY34 weeks 5/6 days a week Three Terms

1st Term

WEEK UNIT # NAME of UNIT PAGE #

Ist 1

WHAT IS SCIENCE? / Scientists at Work /

Scientific Method / Main Branches of Science /

Measurement in Science / Contributions of

Some Eminent Muslim & Non-Muslim

Scientists / Chapter Review / MCQs / Detailed-

Answer Questions

4 to 10

2nd 2

DIGESTION AND RESPIRATION IN HUMAN /

Digestive System /Digestive Disorders /

Respiratory System / Respiratory Disorders /

Chapter Review / MCQs / Detailed-Answer

Questions

11 to 17

3rd Revision and Test of the above topics (Units 1 & 2)

4th 3

TRANSPORT IN HUMANS AND PLANTS /

Human Blood Circulatory System /Blood /

Transplantation /Transportation in Plants /

Structure of Plant / Chapter Review / MCQs /

Detailed-Answer Questions

18 to 26

5th 4REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS / Chapter Review /

MCQs / Detailed-Answer Questions27 to 31

6th Revision and Test of the above topics (Units 3 & 4)

7th 5

LIVING TOGETHER IN AN ENVIRONMENT /

Ecosystems / The Factors Causing Changes in a

Habitat / Adaptations of Organisms / Feeding

Relationship / Activity 5:1 / Chapter Review /

MCQs / Detailed-Answer Questions

32 to 40

8th Revision and Test of the above topics (Unit 5)

9th Preparatory Tests' Week

10th 1st Term Paper (Units 1 to 5) ORAL

11th 1st Term Paper (Units 1 to 5) WRITTEN


136

2nd Term


12th 6

WATER / Water for Life / Surface Water /

Water Beneath the Surface of Earth / Bringing

Ground Water to the Surface / Water

Impureties & its Treatment

41 to 45

13th "Cleaning of Water / Uses of Water / Chapter

Review / MCQs / Detailed Questions 46 to 49


15th 7

STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM / Atomic and Mass

Numbers / Electronic Configuration / Valency /

Periodic Table of the Elements / Ion / Isotopes

50 to 55

16th "

Molecule / Chemical Formula / Activities 7:1

& 7:2 / Law of Constant Composition / Chapter

Review / MCQs / Detailed Questions

56 to 60


18th 8

CHANGES AND PROCESSES AROUND US /

Types of Changes / Changes in the

Environment / Application of Chemical

Changes and Processes / Use of Fertilizers /

How Vegetable Oil Changes into Fat /

Reversible and Non-reversible Changes /

Activity 8:1 / Chapter Review / MCQs /

Detailed Questions

61 to 66



21st 2nd Term Paper (Units 6 to 8) ORAL

22nd 2nd Term Paper (Units 6 to 8) WRITTEN

NOTE : Teachers may synchronize this “Scheme of Study” with our (Term Wise ) “Model Papers”, according to their specific needs.


137

3rd Term


23rd 9

TRANSMISSION OF HEAT / Conduction /

Convection / Radiation / Everyday Applications

of Conduction of Heat / Everyday Applications

of Convection of Heat /Everyday Applications

of Radiation of Heat / The Vaccum Flask /

Activities 9:1 to 9:5 / Chapter Review / MCQs

/ Detailed Questions

67 to 75

24th 10

REFRACTION AND DISPERSION OF LIGHT /

Refraction of Light / Laws of Refraction /

Refractive Index / Dispersion of Light / Critical

Angle / Applications / Colours of Light /

Activities 10:1 to 10:4 / Chapter Review /

MCQs / Detailed Questions

76 to 87


26th 11

WAVES AND SOUND / Waves / Types of Waves

/ Properties of Waves / Properties of Sound /

Audible Frequency Range / Activity 11:1 /

Chapter Review / MCQs / Detailed Questions

88 to 96

27th 12

ELECTRICITY / What is Electricity? / Electric

Circuit & its Types / Electricity and Energy /

How do Electrons Flow? / Electrical Meters /

Dangers of Electricity / Safe Uses of Electricity

/ Activities 12:1 & 12:2 / Chapter Review /


97 to 109

28th 13

EXPLORING THE SPACE / The Big Bang Theory

/ Stars / Life Cycle of a Star-Our Sun / Galaxies

and Star Groups / Constellations / Telescopes /

Safety Tips for Observing the Sun / Chapter


110 to 120

29th Revision and Test of the above topics (Units 11, 12 & 13)

30th Preparatory Tests' Week 1st & 2nd Term (Units 1 to 8)

31st Preparatory Tests' Week 3rd & 4th Term (Units 9 to 13)

32nd 3rd Term Paper (Units 1 to 13) (ORAL)

33rd 3rd Term Paper (Units 1 to 13) (WRITTEN)

34th "


138

40 weeks 5/6 days a week Four Terms1st Term


Ist 1

WHAT IS SCIENCE? / Scientists at Work /

Scientific Method / Main Branches of Science /

Measurement in Science / Contributions of

Some Eminent Muslim & Non-Muslim

Scientists / Chapter Review / MCQs / Detailed-

Answer Questions

4 to 10

2nd 2

DIGESTION AND RESPIRATION IN HUMAN /

Digestive System /Digestive Disorders /

Respiratory System / Respiratory Disorders /

Chapter Review / MCQs / Detailed-Answer

Questions

11 to 17

3rd Revision and Test of the above topics (Units 1 & 2)

4th 3

TRANSPORT IN HUMANS AND PLANTS /

Human Blood Circulatory System /Blood /

Transplantation /Transportation in Plants /

Structure of Plant / Chapter Review / MCQs /

Detailed-Answer Questions

18 to 26

5th 4REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS / Chapter Review /

MCQs / Detailed-Answer Questions27 to 31


7th 5

LIVING TOGETHER IN AN ENVIRONMENT /

Ecosystems / The Factors Causing Changes in a

Habitat / Adaptations of Organisms / Feeding

Relationship / Activity 5:1 / Chapter Review /

MCQs / Detailed-Answer Questions

32 to 40



10th 1st Term Paper (Units 1 to 5) ORAL & WRITTEN


139

2nd Term


10th 6

WATER / Water for Life / Surface Water /

Water Beneath the Surface of Earth / Bringing

Ground Water to the Surface / Water

Impureties & its Treatment

41 to 45

11th "Cleaning of Water / Uses of Water / Chapter

Review / MCQs / Detailed Questions 46 to 49


13th 7

STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM / Atomic and Mass

Numbers / Electronic Configuration / Valency /

Periodic Table of the Elements / Ion / Isotopes

50 to 55

14th "

Molecule / Chemical Formula / Activities 7:1

& 7:2 / Law of Constant Composition / Chapter


56 to 60


16th 8

CHANGES AND PROCESSES AROUND US /

Types of Changes / Changes in the

Environment / Application of Chemical

Changes and Processes / Use of Fertilizers /

How Vegetable Oil Changes into Fat /

Reversible and Non-reversible Changes /

Activity 8:1 / Chapter Review / MCQs /

Detailed Questions

61 to 66



19th 2nd Term Paper (Units 6 to 8) ORAL

20th 2nd Term Paper (Units 6 to 8) WRITTEN


140

3rd Term


20th 9

TRANSMISSION OF HEAT / Conduction /

Convection / Radiation / Everyday Applications

of Conduction of Heat / Everyday Applications

of Convection of Heat /Everyday Applications

of Radiation of Heat / The Vaccum Flask /

Activities 9:1 to 9:5 / Chapter Review / MCQs

/ Detailed Questions

67 to 75

21st 10

REFRACTION AND DISPERSION OF LIGHT /

Refraction of Light / Laws of Refraction /

Refractive Index / Dispersion of Light / Critical

Angle / Applications / Colours of Light /

Activities 10:1 to 10:4 / Chapter Review /


76 to 87

22nd Revision and Test of the above topics (Units 9 & 10)

23rd 11

WAVES AND SOUND / Waves / Types of Waves

/ Properties of Waves / Properties of Sound /

Audible Frequency Range / Activity 11:1 /

Chapter Review / MCQs / Detailed Questions

88 to 96

24th 12

ELECTRICITY / What is Electricity? / Electric

Circuit & its Types / Electricity and Energy /

How do Electrons Flow? / Electrical Meters /

Dangers of Electricity / Safe Uses of Electricity

/ Activities 12:1 & 12:2 / Chapter Review /


97 to 109

25th 13

EXPLORING THE SPACE / The Big Bang Theory

/ Stars / Life Cycle of a Star-Our Sun / Galaxies

and Star Groups / Constellations / Telescopes /

Safety Tips for Observing the Sun / Chapter


110 to 120

26th Revision and Test of the above topics (Units 11, 12 & 13)


28th 3rd Term Paper (Units 9 to 13) ORAL

29th 3rd Term Paper (Units 9 to 13) WRITTEN

30th "


141

NOTE : Teachers may synchronize this “Scheme of Study” with our (Term Wise ) “Model Papers”, according to their specific needs.

4th Term


31st

1st & 2nd

TERM

(REVISION)

UNITS 1 to 5 4 to 40

32nd " UNITS 6 to 8 41 to 66

33rd

Preparatory Tests' Week (1st & 2nd

Term)

34th

3rd TERM

(REVISION) UNITS 9 & 10 67 to 87

35th " UNITS 11 to 13 88 to 120

36th Preparatory Tests' Week (3rd Term)

37th Preparatory Leaves' Week

38th " 4th Term Paper (Units 1 to 13) ORAL

39th 4th Term Paper (Units 1 to 13) WRITTEN

40th "

Documents

Science - Gohar · PDF fileAns:Science is the system of acquiring knowledge through observation and experiments. Q2. What do engineers do? ... bronchioles (c) bronchi (d) trachea 4