School-Wide Positive Behavior Support:

Overview

George Sugai & Rob HornerOSEP Center on PBIS

Center for Behavioral Education & Research

University of ConnecticutOctober 7, 2008

www.pbis.org www.cber.org www.swis.org

George.sugai@uconn.edu

SWPBS is about….

SW-PBS Logic!Successful individual student behavior support is linked to host environments or school climates that are effective, efficient, relevant, & durable for all students(Zins & Ponti, 1990)

Evaluation Criteria

VIOLENCE PREVENTION

• Surgeon General’s Report on Youth Violence (2001)

• Coordinated Social Emotional & Learning (Greenberg et al., 2003)

• Center for Study & Prevention of Violence (2006)

• White House Conference on School Violence (2006)

• Positive, predictable school-wide climate

• High rates of academic & social success

• Formal social skills instruction

• Positive active supervision & reinforcement

• Positive adult role models

• Multi-component, multi-year school-family-community effort

Classroom

SWPBSPractices

Non-classroom Family

Student

School-w

ide

• Smallest #• Evidence-based

• Biggest, durable effect

1. Leadership team

2. Behavior purpose statement

3. Set of positive expectations & behaviors

4. Procedures for teaching SW & classroom-wide expected behavior

5. Continuum of procedures for encouraging expected behavior

6. Continuum of procedures for discouraging rule violations

7. Procedures for on-going data-based monitoring & evaluation

School-wide

• Positive expectations & routines taught & encouraged

• Active supervision by all staff– Scan, move, interact

• Precorrections & reminders

• Positive reinforcement

Non-classroom

• Classroom-wide positive expectations taught & encouraged

• Teaching classroom routines & cues taught & encouraged

• Ratio of 6-8 positive to 1 negative adult-student interaction

• Active supervision• Redirections for minor, infrequent behavior errors• Frequent precorrections for chronic errors• Effective academic instruction & curriculum

Classroom

• Behavioral competence at school & district levels

• Function-based behavior support planning

• Team- & data-based decision making

• Comprehensive person-centered planning & wraparound processes

• Targeted social skills & self-management instruction

• Individualized instructional & curricular accommodations

Individual Student

• Continuum of positive behavior support for all families

• Frequent, regular positive contacts, communications, & acknowledgements

• Formal & active participation & involvement as equal partner

• Access to system of integrated school & community resources

Family

Worry #2:“Train & Hope”

REACT toProblemBehavior

REACT toProblemBehavior

Select &ADD

Practice

Select &ADD

Practice

Hire EXPERTto TrainPractice

Hire EXPERTto TrainPractice

WAIT forNew

Problem

WAIT forNew

Problem

Expect, But HOPE for

Implementation

Expect, But HOPE for

Implementation

PBS Implementation Blueprint www.pbis.org

Funding Visibility PoliticalSupport

Training Coaching Evaluation

Local School Teams/Demonstrations

PBS Systems Implementation Logic

Leadership TeamActive & Integrated Coordination

SYST

EMS

PRACTICES

DATASupportingStaff Behavior

SupportingStudent Behavior

OUTCOMES

Supporting Social Competence &Academic Achievement

SupportingDecisionMaking

IntegratedElements

Primary Prevention:School-/Classroom-Wide Systems for

All Students,Staff, & Settings

Secondary Prevention:Specialized Group

Systems for Students with At-Risk Behavior

Tertiary Prevention:Specialized

IndividualizedSystems for Students

with High-Risk Behavior

~80% of Students

~15%

~5%

CONTINUUM OFSCHOOL-WIDE

INSTRUCTIONAL & POSITIVE BEHAVIOR

SUPPORT

ALL

SOME

FEW

Academic Systems Behavioral Systems

1-5% 1-5%

5-10% 5-10%

80-90% 80-90%

Intensive, Individual Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•High Intensity

Intensive, Individual Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•Intense, durable procedures

Targeted Group Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response

Targeted Group Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response

Universal Interventions•All students•Preventive, proactive

Universal Interventions•All settings, all students•Preventive, proactive

Designing School-Wide Systems for Student Success

RtI

Response to Intervention

All

Some

FewRTI

Continuum of Support for

ALL

Dec 7, 2007

Agreements

Team

Data-based Action Plan

ImplementationEvaluation

GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION

PROCESS: “Getting Started”

0

5

10

15

20

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day

Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

School Months

Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast Year and This Year

Office Discipline Referrals

• Definition– Kid-Teacher-Administrator interaction

– Underestimation of actual behavior

• Improving usefulness & value– Clear, mutually exclusive, exhaustive definitions

– Distinction between office v. classroom managed

– Continuum of behavior support

– Positive school-wide foundations

– W/in school comparisons

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber

of O

ffic

e R

efe

rrals

Bath RBus A Bus Caf ClassComm Gym Hall Libr Play G Spec Other

School Locations

Referrals by Location

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals

Lang Achol ArsonBombCombsDefianDisruptDressAgg/fgtTheftHarassProp D Skip Tardy Tobac Vand Weap

Types of Problem Behavior

Referrals per Prob Behavior

Referrals by Problem Behavior

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber

of O

ffic

e R

efe

rrals

Bath RBus A Bus Caf ClassComm Gym Hall Libr Play G Spec Other

School Locations

Referrals by LocationReferrals per Location

Referrals per Student

0

10

20

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals

per

Stu

dent

Students

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals

7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:0010:3011:00 11:3012:0012:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30

Time of Day

Referrals by Time of DayReferrals by Time of Day

Few positive SW expectations defined, taught, & encouraged

Teaching Matrix Activity 

 

  

Classroom Lunchroom Bus Hallway Assembly

Respect Others

• Use inside voice• ________

• Eat your own food•__________

• Stay in your seat•_________

• Stay to right• _________

• Arrive on time to speaker•__________

Respect Environment & Property

• Recycle paper•_________

• Return trays•__________

• Keep feet on floor•__________

• Put trash in cans•_________

• Take litter with you•__________

Respect Yourself

• Do your best•__________

• Wash your hands•__________

• Be at stop on time•__________

• Use your words•__________

• Listen to speaker•__________

Respect Learning

• Have materials ready•__________

• Eat balanced diet•__________

• Go directly from bus to class•__________

• Go directly to class•__________

• Discuss topic in class w/ others•__________

Typical Contexts/ Routines

Classroom-Wide Rules/ExpectationsRespect Others Respect Property Respect Self

AllUse inside voice.

Raise hand to answer/talk.

Recycle paper.Put writing tools inside

desk.

Do your best.Ask.

Morning MeetingEyes on speaker.

Give brief answers.

Put announcements in desk.

Keep feet on floor.

Put check by my announcements.

HomeworkDo own work.

Turn in before lesson.

Put homework neatly in box.

Touch your work only.

Turn in lesson on time.Do homework

night/day before.

TransitionUse inside voice.

Keep hands to self.Put/get materials first.

Keep hands to self.Have plan.Go directly.

“I Need Assistance”

Raise hand or show “Assistance Card”.

Wait 2 minutes & try again.

Have materials ready.Have plan.

Ask if unclear.

Teacher DirectedEyes on speaker.

Keep hands to self.Use materials as

intended.Have plan.

Ask.

Independent WorkUse inside voice.

Keep hands to self.

Use materials as intended.

Return with done.

Use time as planned.Ask.

Problem to SolveStop, Step Back,

Think, ActStop, Step Back,

Think, ActStop, Step Back,

Think, Act

Teaching Academics & Behaviors

DEFINESimply

DEFINESimply

MODELMODEL

PRACTICEIn Setting

PRACTICEIn Setting

ADJUST forEfficiency

ADJUST forEfficiency

MONITOR &ACKNOWLEDGE

Continuously

MONITOR &ACKNOWLEDGE

Continuously

Acknowledge & Recognize

Acknowledging SW Expectations: Rationale

• To learn, humans require regular & frequent feedback on their actions

• Humans experience frequent feedback from others, self, & environment– Planned/unplanned

– Desirable/undesirable

• W/o formal feedback to encourage desired behavior, other forms of feedback shape undesired behaviors

Are “Rewards” Dangerous?

“…our research team has conducted a series of reviews and analysis of (the reward) literature; our conclusion is that there is no inherent negative property of reward. Our analyses indicate that the argument against the use of rewards is an overgeneralization based on a narrow set of circumstances.”– Cameron, 2002

• Cameron & Pierce, 1994, 2002

• Cameron, Banko & Pierce, 2001

Reinforcement Wisdom!• “Knowing” or saying “know” does

NOT mean “will do”

• Students “do more” when “doing works”…appropriate & inappropriate!

• Natural consequences are varied, unpredictable, undependable,…not always preventive

George.sugai@uconn.edu

Robh@uoregon.edu

www.pbis.org