School of Science Year: Third Year Semester: V Course ... · 12 L 2 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription: a. Structure of Promotors b. Structure and role of RNA polymerases. c

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School of Science

B.Sc. Microbiology

Year: Third Year Semester: V

Course: Genetics and Molecular Biology Course Code: XMI501

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) End Semester

Examination Total

L T P C CIA-1 CIA-2 CIA-3 CIA-4 Lab Theory Lab

4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100

Max. Time, End Semester Exam (Theory) - 3Hrs.

Prerequisite Introduction to basic concepts genetics

Objectives

1 To familiarize the student with the basics of genetics

2 To create the general understanding of molecular biology

3 To understand the cellular processes at molecular level

4 To understand genetic regulation in microorganisms

5 To motivate students toward research in the field of genetic and molecular biology

Unit

Number Details Hours

1

DNA Replication: a. Single replicon b. Bidirectional movement of replication

fork. Ori C, c. Prepriming and Priming reaction. d. DNA polymerases, DNA

synthesis of leading, lagging strand e. Okazaki fragments. f. Termination- Ter

sequence, Tus protein g. Mismatched repair .

12 L

2

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription: a. Structure of Promotors b.

Structure and role of RNA polymerases. c. Initiation, elongation and

termination d. Post transcriptional modification e. Regulation of transcription f.

Introduction to RNA splicing

12 L

3

A. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation: a. Role of m-RNA, t-RNA and

Ribosomes in translation b. Synthesis of amino acyl tRNA c. Initiation,

elongation, translocation and termination of protein d. Regulation of translation

B. DNA damage and repair: a. DNA damage by hydrolysis, deamination,

alkylation oxidation and radiation b. Base excision repair and nucleotide

excision repair c. Recombinational repair d. Photoreactivation e. Translesion

DNA synthesis

12 L

4

Gene transfer mechanism :

Transformation: a. Development of competence in Gram positive and Gram

negative bacteria. b. Process of transformation in Gram positive and Gram

negative bacteria.

Conjugation: a. Properties of F plasmid, b. F+, F-, Hfr and F′ strains c. Process

of conjugation between F+ and F- and Hfr and F- d. Mapping of conjugant's by

interruptedmating experiment.

Transduction: a. Process of generalized transduction. b. Process of specialized

transduction. c. Mapping by Co-transduction.

12 L

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5

Recombination and Mutants in Bacteriophages:

a. Bacteriophage mutants- i. Plaque morphology ii. Conditional lethal (Ts and

Am) mutants iii. Deletion Mutants

b. Deletion Mapping using bacteriophage deletion mutants

c. Benzer`s spot tests

d.Genetic Complementation i. Cis-trans test of genetic function ii. Intercistronic

(rII locus of T4 phage) iii. Intracistronic (β galactosidase)

12 L

Total 60

Course Outcome

Students should able to

CO1 Student will be able to understand the concepts genetics

CO2 Student will be able to understand the concepts of molecular biology

CO3 Student will be able to describe the fundamental processes of cell at molecular level.

CO4 Student will be able to develop problem-solving approach.

CO5 Student will be able to apply this fundamental knowledge of advances in genetic

research

Resources

Recommended

Books

1.David Freidfelder, (1987).Molecular Biology, 2nd Edn. Jones & Bartlett Pub.

2. Gardner, Simmons, Snustad. (2006), Principles of Genetics, 8th Edn.John

Wiley & Sons. Inc. New York.

3. James D. Watson, Tania A. Baker, Stephen P. Bell, Alexander Gann,

Michael Levine, Richard Losick, (2013 ), Molecular Biology of the Gene, 7th

Edn. Pearson Publishers.

4. Jocelyn E. Krebs, Elliott S. Goldstein, Stephen T. Kilpatrick, (2012) Lewin's

GENES XI , 11th Edn. Jones &Bartlett Learning

5. Lodish H. et al. (2012), Molecular Cell Biology, 7th Edn. W. H. Freeman &

Company. New York.

6. Primrose, S. B. (2002).Principles of Gene Manipulation6th Edn. Oxford:

Blackwell Scientific Publications

7. Russel Peter. (2009), iGenetics: A Molecular Approach, 3rd Edn. Publisher

Benjamin Cummings

8. Stanier, R. Y. (1987), General Microbiology, 5th Edition, Macmillan Pub.

Co. NY

9. Strickberger, M.W. (1985), Genetics, 3rd Edition Macmillan Pub. Co. NY.

Reference

Books

1.Bruce A. (2008), Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Edn. Publisher: Garland

Science, New York.

2. Gunther S. Stent, (1978), Molecular Genetics: An Introductory Narrative,

2nd Edn. W.H. Freeman & Co.

Hayes, W. (1964), The Genetics of Bacteria and their Viruses, CBS Pub. New

Delhi.

3. Russel, Peter, (1990), Essential Genetics, 7thEdn. Blackwell Science Pub.

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School of Science

B.Sc Microbiology


Course: Immunology Course Code: XMI502

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total

L T P C CIA-1 CIA-2 CIA-3 CIA- 4 Lab Theory Lab

4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100


Prerequisite 1. Basic concepts of immunity

Objectives

1 To provide students with basic understanding of immunity

2 To provide students with a foundation in immunological processes

3 To impart students with knowledge on how the immune system works in response to

diseases

4 To describe the mechanisms involved in immune responsiveness

5 To promote critical thinking among students

Unit


1 1.Introduction to immunity: Definition and Classification

2.Haematopoiesis

3.Organs of immune system:

a. Primary lymphoid organs (Thymus and Bursa): Thymus – structure,

thymic education (positive and negative selection)

b. Secondary lymphoid organs – structure and function of spleen and lymph

node, mucous associated lymphoid tissue; response of secondary lymphoid

organs to antigen, lymphatic system and lymph circulation

4.Overview of innate immunity (Non specific mechanisms of defense)

12 L

2 1.Antigen:

a. Concepts and factors affecting immunogenecity

b. Antigenic determinants, haptens and cross-reactivity, Carriers, Adjuvants

c. Types of antigens: Thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens,

Synthetic antigens, Soluble and particulate antigens, Autoantigens,

Isoantigens

2.Immunoglobulins:

a. Structure of basic unit, chemical and biological properties

b. Characteristic of domain structure, functions of light and heavy chain

domains

c. Antigenic nature of immunoglobulin molecules

d. Molecular basis of antibody diversity (kappa chain, lambda chain and

heavy chain diversity)

3.Principles of Antigen- Antibody Interactions

4. Immunoassays: Precipitation reactions, Agglutination reaction, ELISA,

RIA, FACS

12 L

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3 Adaptive / Acquired Immunity (Third line of defense):

1. Humoral Immune Response:

a. Primary and secondary response kinetics, significance in vaccination

programs

b. Antigen processing and presentation (MHC class I and class II restriction

pathways), cell-cell interactions and adhesion molecules, response to super-

antigens, role of cytokines in activation and differentiation of B-cells

2. Cell Mediated Immune Response:

a. Activation and differentiation of T cells

b. Mechanism of CTL mediated cytotoxicity, ADCC

c. Significance of CMI

12 L

4 1.Transplantation and Immunity: Types, graft rejection and prevention

2.Major Histocompatibility Complex:

a. Structure of MHC in man and mouse

b. Structure and functions of MHC class–I and class–II molecules

3. Cytokines: Types, General characters and role in immune activation -

Interferons, Interleukins and TNFs

4. Hypersensitivity: Gell and Coomb’s classification of hypersensitivity

5. Autoimmunity: Types, Immunopathological mechanisms, Pathophysiology

(mechanism of symptom generation) of Myasthenia gravis and Rheumatoid

arthritis

12 L

5 1. Immunohematology:

a. Systems of blood group antigens

b. ABO system - Biochemistry of blood group substances, Bombay blood

group, Inheritance of ABH antigens

c. Rh system d. Laboratory methods of blood group typing, Coomb’s test

e. Medico-legal applications of blood groups

f. Blood banking practices, transfusion reactions

2. Public health immunology

a. Types of vaccines and antisera

b. Immunization schedules: principles, schedules in developing and

developed countries

Hybridoma Technology and Monoclonal Antibodies, applications

12 L

Total 60

Course Outcome


CO1 The students will be introduced to the basic concepts of immunology as it relates to

human and animal health

CO2 The students will be able to describe the mechanism of immunity

CO3 The students will be able to demonstrate the antigen antibody interaction

CO4 The students will be able to utilize the knowledge for enhance the scope of immunology

CO5 The students will be able to apply this fundamentals for applications in serology

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Resources

Recommended

Books

1. Kindt T. J., Goldsby R. A., Osborne B. A., 2007, Kuby Immunology 6th

Ed. W. H. Freeman & Co., New York

2. Roitt I. M. (1988) Essentials of Immunology, ELBS, London Introduction

to Bioinformatics by Attwood and Parry-Smith

3. Barret James D. (1983) Text Book of Immunology 4th edition, C. V.

Mosby & Co. London.

Reference Books 1.Roitt M. (1984) Essentials of Immunology, P. G. Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,

Delhi.

2.Abul K. Abbas and Andrew H. Lichtman. Basic Immunology- Functions

and Disorders of Immune System. 2nd Ed. 2004. Saunders. Elsevier Inc.

PA. USA.

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School of Science

B.Sc. Microbiology


Course: Enzymology and Metabolism Course Code: XMI503

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total

L T P C CIA-1 CIA-2 CIA-3 CIA- 4 Lab Theor

y Lab

4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100


Prerequisite Basic concepts of enzymes and microbial metabolism

Objectives

1 To provide students with general understanding of enzymes and its structural characteristics

2 To impart students with in overview of enzyme production, recovery and analytical methods

3 To give a better understanding of the functions of the life.

4 To describe the regulation of metabolic pathways

5 To promote critical thinking among students on metabolic processes occurs in living cells

Unit


1 Enzymes: a. Structure of enzymes: Methods to determine amino acid residues at active

site (Physical and chemical methods)

b. Enzyme assays:

1. Principles of enzyme assays: Sampling methods and continuous assay

2. Enzymes assays with examples by: i. Spectrophotometric methods

ii. Spectroflurometric methods iii. Radioisotope assay

12 L

2 Principles and Methods of Enzyme purification:

a. Methods of cell fractionation

b. Principles and methods of enzyme purification:

i. Based on molecular size

ii. Based on charge

iii. Based on solubility differences

iv. Based on specific binding property and selective adsorption

c. Criteria for purity: SDS-PAGE, ultracentrifugation, and construction of

purification chart

d. Characterization of enzymes:

i. Determination of Molecular weight based on: Ultracentrifugation, SDS-

PAGE, gel filtration

ii. Stability of enzyme activity at pH and temperature

12 L

3 A) Enzyme Kinetics: 12 L

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a. Concept and use of initial velocity

b. Michaelis Menton equation for the initial velocity of single substrate

enzyme catalyzed reaction. Brigg’s Haldane modification of Michaelis

Menton equation. Michaelis Menton plot. Definition with significance of

Km, Ks, Vmax

c. Different plots for plotting Kinetic data:

i. Lineweaver and Burk plot

ii. Hanes plot

iii. Eadie Hofstee plot

iv. Eisanthal, Cornish-Bowden plot

d. Concepts and types of Enzyme Inhibition

B)Immobilization of enzymes: Concept, methods of immobilization and

applications

4 Metabolic Regulations:

i. Enzyme compartmentalization at cellular level

ii. Allosteric enzymes

iii. Feedback mechanisms

iv. Covalently modified regulatory enzymes (e.g. Glycogen phosphorylase)

v. Proteolytic activation of zymogens

vi. Isozymes - concept and examples

vii. Multienzyme complex e.g. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDH)

12 L

5 A) Membrane transport mechanisms:

i. Passive transport - Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated transport

ii. Active transport - Active transport systems in bacteria

iii. Group translocation of sugars in bacteria

iv. Ionophores: Mechanism and examples

B) Bacterial Photosynthesis:

i. Habitat and examples of photosynthetic bacteria

ii. Photosynthetic apparatus

iii. Oxygenic and Anoxygenic mechanisms

iv. Calvin cycle and its regulation

12 L

Total 60

Course Outcome


CO1 The students will be able to describe the structural and functional characteristics of

enzymes which is essential biomolecule of any living cell.

CO2 The students will be able to describe the mechanisms involved in biological processes

CO3 The students will be able to understand the working of metabolic pathways

CO4 The students will be able to understand regulation of metabolic activities

CO5 The students will be able to apply this fundamental knowledge in research

Resources

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Recommended

Books

1. Nelson D. L. and Cox M. M. (2002) Lehninger’s Principles of

Biochemistry, Mac Millan Worth Pub. Co. New Delhi

2. Segel Irvin H. (1997). Biochemical Calculations. 2nd Ed. John Wiley and

Sons, New York.

3. Garrett, R. H. and Grisham, C. M. (2004) Biochemistry. 3rd Ed.

Brooks/Cole, Publishing Company, California.

4. Conn Eric, Stumpf Paul K., Bruuening George, Doi Roy H., (1987)

Outlines of Biochemistry 5th Ed , John Wiley and Sons, New Delhi.

Reference Books 1.Palmer Trevor (2001) Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical

chemistry, Horwood Pub. Co. Chinchester, England. 2. White David (2000) Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes. 2nd Ed. Oxford

University Press, New York.

3. David A. Hall & Krishna Rao (1999) Photosynthesis (Studies in Biology) 6th Edition, Cambridge University Press, London

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School of Science

B.Sc. Microbiology


Course: Industrial Microbiology Course Code: XMI504

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total

L T P C CIA-1 CIA-

2

CIA-

3

CIA-

4 Lab Theory Lab

4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100


Prerequisite Basic concepts of microbiology and microbial techniques

Objectives

1 To get acquainted with the industrial aspect of Microbiology field

2 To learn about growth pattern of microbes in different industrial systems

3 To appreciate how microbiology is applied in manufacture of industrial products

4 To develop an understanding of process control, upstream and downstream process

5 To acquire experimental knowhow of microbial production of various industrial products

such as alcohol, enzymes, etc.

Unit


1 Strain Improvement:

a. Objective of strain improvement

b. Methods for strain improvement:

i. selection of different types of mutants

ii. application of rDNA technology

Media optimization:

a. Classical approach – One factor at a time, Full factorial design

b. Placket & Burman design

c. Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Scale-up and Scale-down:

a. Objective of scale-up

b. Levels of fermentation (laboratory, pilot-plant and production levels)

c. Criteria of scale-up for critical parameters (aeration and agitation, broth

rheology and sterilization)

d. Scale-down

12 L

2 Principles and methods of downstream processing:

a. Cell disruption

b. Filtration

c. Centrifugation

d. Liquid-liquid extraction

e. Distillation f. Ion exchange chromatography

g. Drying

Quality assurance (QA) of fermentation product:

12 L

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a. Detection and Quantification of the product by physicochemical,

biological and enzymatic methods

b. Sterility testing

c. Pyrogen testing – Endotoxin detection

d. Ames test and modified Ames test

e. Toxicity testing

f. Shelf life determination

3 Introduction to Solid State Fermentation and Submerged Fermentation

Large scale production of Primary Metabolites:

i. Vitamins (B12 and Riboflavin)

ii. Amino acid - Glutamic acid, Lysine

iii. Organic acids (Citric acid, Vinegar and Lactic acid)

12 L

4 Large scale production of Secondary metabolites:

i. Ethanol and alcoholic Beverages (Beer and Wine)

ii. Antibiotics (Penicillin and Streptomycin)

12 L

5 Microbial production of following at industrial scale

Enzymes

Microbial transformation of steroids

Biomass based products:

i. Yeast: Baker’s and Distiller’s yeast

ii. Mushroom production

Milk products: Cheese and Yogurt

Vaccines and immune sera

12 L

Total 60

Course Outcome


CO1 The students will be able to understand the technical know-how of microbial production

of products

CO2 The students will be able to describe the application of microbiology at industrial level

CO3 The students will be able to develop an understanding of process control, upstream and

downstream process

CO4 The students will be able to understand fermentation technologies

CO5 The students will be able to apply this fundamental of fermentation process for industrial

production of microbial products.

Resources

Recommended

Books

1. Stanbury, P. F. and Whittaker, A. (1984) Principles of Fermentation

technology, Pergamon press.

2. Peppler, H. L (1979), Microbial Technology, Vol I and II, Academic Press,

New York.

3. Prescott, S.C. and Dunn, C. G., (1983) Industrial Microbiology, Reed G.

AVI tech books.

4. Peter F. Stanbury. Principles Of Fermentation Technology, 2E, Elsevier (A

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Division of Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Limited), 2009

Reference Books 1. Casida, L. E., (1984), Industrial Microbiology, Wiley Easterbs, New Delhi

2. A. H. Patel. (1985), Industrial Microbiology, Macmillan India Ltd

3. Indian Pharmacopia and British Pharmacopia (Latest Edn).

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School of Science

B.Sc. Microbiology


Course: Genetics and Molecular Biology and Immunology

Laboratory

Course Code: XMI511

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


0 0 4 2 - - - - 50 - 50 100


Objectives

1 To train the students in immunological techniques

2 To demonstrate and give on-hand training of various microbiological techniques required in the

field of genetics & Molecular Biology

Sr. No. Description

1 ABO blood grouping

2 Immunoprecipitation: Double diffusion (Ouchterlony) technique 3 Hemogram:

a. Estimation of hemoglobin (Acid hematin and Cyan-methemoglobin method)

b. ESR and PCV determination,

c. White blood cell differential count from peripheral blood

d. Counting of RBCs and WBCs using counting chamber

e. Calculation of hematological indices 4 Agglutination tests: Widal test, RPR test

5 Coomb’s test

6 ELISA for detection of antigen and antibodies./ dot ELISA

7 Demonstration of egg inoculation technique 8 Isolation and enumeration of bacteriophages 9 Genomic (bacterial) DNA isolation and detection

10 Isolation of plasmid DNA and gel electrophoresis (demonstration)

11 Replica plating 12 Competent cell preparation and transformation

13 UV mutagenesis 14 Visit to blood bank and preparation of visit report

Term Work:

Term Work assessment shall be conducted for the Project, Tutorials and Seminar. Term work is

continuous assessment based on Attendance, Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), Timely Completion,

Journal/Record book and Oral. It should be assessed by subject teacher of the institute. At the end of

the semester, the final grade for a Term Work shall be assigned based on the performance of the

student and is to be submitted to the University.

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Notes

1 The regular attendance of the students during semester for practical course will be monitored and

marks will be given accordingly (10 Marks).

2 Good Laboratory Practices (10 Marks)

3 Timely Completion (10 Marks)

4 Journal / Record Book (10 Marks)

5 Oral / Viva (10 Marks)

Practical/Oral/Presentation:

Practical/Oral/Presentation shall be conducted and assessed jointly by at least a pair of examiners

appointed as internal and external examiners by the University. The examiners will prepare the

mark/grade sheet in the format as specified by the University, authenticate and seal it. Sealed envelope

shall be submitted to the head of the department or authorized person.

Notes

1 One experiment from the regular practical syllabus will be conducted (40 Marks).

2 Oral/Viva-voce (10 Marks).

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School of Science

B.Sc. Microbiology


Course: Enzymology and Metabolism and Industrial

Microbiology Laboratory

Course Code: XMI512

Teaching

Scheme

(Hrs/Week)


Examination Total


0 0 4 2 - - - - 50 - 50 100


Objectives

1 To train the students in biochemical analytical methods

2 To impart technical and analytical skills related to fermentation and production of microbial

products

Sr. No. Description

1 Preparation of Phosphate buffers

2 Estimation of total carbohydrates by Phenol-sulfuric acid method

3 Estimation of reducing sugar by DNSA method

4 Estimation of proteins by Folin Lowry method

5 Enzyme production:

Screening of amylase producing organisms

6 Production of amylase using these isolates

7 Precipitation of amylase from fermentation broth

8 Determination of specific activity of crude and purified amylase

9 Clinical Biochemistry - Estimations of: a. blood sugar b. blood urea c. serum

cholesterol d. serum proteins and albumin

10 Laboratory scale fermentation, estimation, product recovery and yield calculation of

ethanol / organic acid (any one)

Term Work:

Term Work assessment shall be conducted for the Project, Tutorials and Seminar. Term work is

continuous assessment based on Attendance, Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), Timely

Completion, Journal/Record book and Oral. It should be assessed by subject teacher of the

institute. At the end of the semester, the final grade for a Term Work shall be assigned based on the

performance of the student and is to be submitted to the University.

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Notes

1 The regular attendance of the students during semester for practical course will be monitored

and marks will be given accordingly (10 Marks).

2 Good Laboratory Practices (10 Marks)

3 Timely Completion (10 Marks)

4 Journal / Record Book (10 Marks)

5 Oral / Viva (10 Marks)

Practical/Oral/Presentation:

Practical/Oral/Presentation shall be conducted and assessed jointly by at least a pair of examiners

appointed as internal and external examiners by the University. The examiners will prepare the

mark/grade sheet in the format as specified by the University, authenticate and seal it. Sealed

envelope shall be submitted to the head of the department or authorized person.

Notes

1 One experiment from the regular practical syllabus will be conducted (40 Marks).

2 Oral/Viva-voce (10 Marks).

Documents

School of Science Year: Third Year Semester: V Course ... · 12 L 2 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription: a. Structure of Promotors b. Structure and role of RNA polymerases. c