saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba

dedamiwis megobrebi – saqarTvelo

“cxeli planeta”

pingvin tikis saxelmZRvanelo klimatis cvlilebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT

Tbilisi, 2007 weli

მომზადებულია საქართველოს მწვანეთა მოძრაობის მიერ პროექტის ”მეთოდური სახელმძღვანელოს მომზადება გარემოსდაცვითი საკითხების შესახებ” ფარგლებში,

ბუნების დაცვის მსოფლიო ფონდის ფინანსური მხარდაჭერით

“cxeli planeta”

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Cveni planetis klimati icvleba gsmeniaT raime imaze Tu rogor xdeba Cveni planeta ufro cxeli? zogi ambobs, rom es marTlac xdeba, zogi ki amtkicebs, rom es ase araa. vinaa marTali? da ra Sedegebi SeiZleba moyves amas? ra gavlenas moaxdens es Tqvenze da Tqvens megobrebze? ra gavlenas moaxdens es sxva cocxal organizmebze? ra SeiZleba gavakeToT amis Tavidan asacileblad? am sakiTxebze gveqneba saubari Cveni seminaris dros.

ra aris klimati? klimati aris erTgvari uzarmazari “meqanizmi”. is rasac Cven “aminds” vuwodebT, am meqanizmis mxolod erT mcire nawils warmoadgens, romelsac Cven vamCnevT. Tqven iciT Tu ra aris tornado, uragani, Zalian cxeli amindi, an Zalian civi amindi. da me darwmunabuli var Tqven aseve iciT Tu ra amoZravebs am manqanas, xom asea? diax, es aris mze. mzis gareSe ar iqneboda arc klimati, arc amindi, arc adamianebi, da arc sicocxle.

klimatis manqana mze aTbobs haers, cxeli haeri midis zemoT da Tan miaqvs agreTve orTqli zRvebidan da okeaneebidan. rodesac wylis orTqli adis zemoT, igi grildeba, kondensirdeba da warmoqmnis Rrublebs.

da rogorc Tqven iciT, Rrubeli niSnavs wvimas.

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mze aseve aTbobs zRvebsa da okeaneebs, rac warmoqmnis dinebebs okeaneebSi. erT-erT aseT uzarmazar dinebas ewodeba golfstrimi, romelic aris CrdiloeT atlantikur okeaneSi. am dinebis wyalobiT CrdiloeT evropis qveynebSi mainc sakmaod Tbila, miuxedavad imisa, rom isini Zalian axlos arian CrdiloeT polusTan. meore didi dineba, amjerad civi dineba, gavlenas axdens Cilesa da perus klimatze samxreT amerikaSi. amas ewodeba humboldtis dineba. es yovelive, okeaneebi, atmosfero, cxeli da civi dinebebi, planetis cxeli da civi mxareebi, udabnoebi, wvimiani tyeebi da sxva, damokidebulia klimatze da mzeze.

temperaturis mateba mze sul ufro da ufro cxeli xdeba. is aseve Zalian xniericaa, daaxloebiT 5000 milioni wlis. erT dResac igi Caqreba, Tumca es ar moxdeba uaxloesi 5000 milioni wlis manZilze. magram dedamiwis klimati sul ufro da ufro cxeli xdeba, rac ar SeiZleba aixsnas mzis mier meti siTbos gamoyofiT. da amis mizezi rogorc Cans varT Cven, adamianebi da Cveni manqana-danadgarebi.

TiTqmis yvela manqana iyenebs benzins, gazs an naxSirs. yvela es sawvavi warmoSobs gamonabolqvebs. Tqven iciT Tu ra aris es – cudi sunis mqone

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gazi, romelic gamodis manqanis an qarxnebis sakvamuri milebidan. am gamonabolqvis umetes nawils warmoadgens gazi, romlis danaxvac Cven ar SegviZlia, esaa naxSirorJangi. rogorc Cans, swored es gazi warmoadgens mTavar problemas.

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pandoras naxSirbadis yuTis gaxsna pandora iyo qali, romelic aRwerilia berZnul miTebSi. miTis Tanaxmad, RmerTebma mas misces mistikuri yuTi. maT am yuTSi Cades saSineli raRaceebi da ubrZanes, rom arasodes gaexsna yuTi. magram pandoras sZlia cnobismoyvareobam da gaxsna yuTi. iqedan ki zedapirze amovida iseTi saSineli rameebi, rogoricaa Wiri, epidamia, gaWirveba da mwuxareba. pandora uSedegod cdilobda maT ukan Cabrunebas da Tavis dafarebas. ukve gviani iyo: ubedureba gaTavisuflebuli iyo. swored asevea wiaRiseul sawvavTan dakavSirebiT. milionobiT wlebis ganmavlobaSi planetam es naxSirbadi Rrmad Camarxa qvanaxSiris, navTobisa da kirqvis saxiT. naxSirbadis ase izolireba da misi dedamiwis qerqSi Rrmad Camarxva inarCunebda klimatis manqanis balanss. adamianebma ki Tavi moxsnes planetis naxSirbadis pandoras yuTs da gamouSves wiaRiseuli sawvavi. maTi wvis Sedegad haerSi gamoiyofa naxSirorJangi, igive CO2.

dedamiwa saTburSi ra xdeba, rodesac Tqven midixarT saTburSi mzian dRes? iq Zalian cxela, ara? es imitom, rom saTburis mina iWers mzis siTbos.

naxSirorJangi ki igives akeTebs dedamiwis atmosferoSi. igi iseve moqmedebs, rogorc saTburis mina. saTburis mina inarCunebs siTbos saTburis SigniT, xolo naxSirorJangi inarCunebs siTbos planetaze. mis

gareSe Cven gaviyinebodiT. magram misi siWarbe niSnavs, rom Cven movixarSebiT!

imis gamo, rom adamianebi wvaven naxSirbadis Semcvel sawvavs (navTobi, qvanaxSiri, bunebrivi gazi, romelsac Cven viyenebT manqanebSi, TviTmfrinavebSi, TboeleqtrosadgurebSi da a.S.), mTeli es naxSirorJangi gamoityorcneba atmosferoSi, da ereva Jangbads, romliTac Cven yvela vsunTqavT. yovelwliurad atmosferoSi gamoityorcneba 5,5 bilioni tona naxSirorJangi. da Sedegad, Cvens saTburis airs umatebs problemas, da planeta sul ufro da ufro cxeldeba. gamoTvlilia, rom 2100 wlisaTvis temperatura 1-3,5 gradus celsiusiT moimatebs.

ra xdeba Semdeg? rac Semdeg xdeba arcTu sasiamovnoa adamianebisa da sxva cocxali organizmebisaTvis. Zalian sagangaSoa is ambavi, rom polusebze yinuli dnobas iwyebs. misi nawili ukve Zalian swrafad dneba. arqtikuli zRvis yinuli yovelwliurad mcirdeba da aseve antarqtikis kontinentis yinulic sul ufro mcirdeba. es niSnavs, rom is Tevzebi, romlebsac esaWiroebaT civi wylebi, gadainacvleben CrdiloeTisaken. es ki cudia rogorc meTevzeobisaTvis, aseve zRvis frinvelebisaTvis. magaliTad, Cven viciT, rom pingvinebs, aseve polarul daTvebs esaWiroebaT yinuli. mis gareSe maT Zalian dacxebaT. isini Seqmnili arian civi klimatisaTvis. Tumca adamianebisaTvis es kidev ufro cudi SeiZleba aRmoCndes. dasawyisisaTvis, mTeli yinuli, romelic dadneba, daiwyebs okeaneebis avsebas da dafaravs miwas. da Tavad wyalic daikavebs ufro met moculobas, vinaidan igi Tbilia (da Cven ki viciT, rom siTboSi wyali farTovdeba). amis gamo igi kidev ufro met miwas dafaravs. mecnierTa daskvnebiT, 21-e saukuneSi zRvebis done daaxloebiT erTi metriT aiwevs.

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es kargi ambavia TevzebisaTvis, Tumca cudia adamianebisaTvis zRvis momateba da xmeleTis Semcireba kargia TevzebisaTvis, Tumca es arc ise kargi ambavia adamianebisa da xmeleTze mcxovrebi sxva arsebebisaTvis. cnobilia aseve, rom yvelaze saukeTeso da nayofieri savargulebi ganlagebulia dablob adgilebSi. es niSnavs, rom isini pirvel rigSi daifareba wyliT. mravali adamiani darCeba sacxovreblisa da sakvebis gareSe. Semdeg modis daavadebebi. rodesac dedamiwa gaTbeba, gavrceldeba iseTi daavadebebi, rogoricaa malaria. vinaidan cvalebadi klimati karg pirobebs uqmnis mis gadamtan koRos gamravlebisaTvis. sahaero mgzavroba ara marto globalur daTbobas ganapirobebs, igi aseve xels uwyobs daavadebebis swraf gavrcelebas. daavadebul adamians advilad SeuZlia daavadebis gadacema sxvebisaTvis mgzavrobis dros.

Stormebi mogvelis magram me vSiSob, rom yvelaze uaresi jer win gvelis. dedamiwis klimatis mkvlevarebma daadgines, rom rodesac xdeba misi daTboba, amindi xdeba ufro feTqebadi da Zneli xdeba misi winaswarmetyveleba. magaliTad, uraganebi gaxdeba ufro Zlieri, rac did problemebs Seuqmnis aSS-is samxreTSi, indoeTis da wynari okeaneebis sanapiroebze mcxovreb mosaxleobas. aseve gaizrdeba udabnoebis ricxvi da farTobebi. wvimebi iqneba ufro Zlieri, rac niSnavs met wyaldidobebs.

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es sinamdvileSi ar xdeba, xom asea? rogorc Cans xdeba, Tumca jer kidev arian adamianebi, romlebic amtkiceben, rom es ar xdeba. aba Tu gamoicnobT, vin SeiZleba iyos es xalxi? diax, Tqven marTali xarT. es is xalxia, vinc iyenebs bevr sawvavs, vinc awarmoebs am sawvavis momxmarebel manqanebs, anda sulac moipovebs am sawvavs dedamiwis wiaRidan. anu, didi industriis warmomadgenlebi, manqanaTmSeneblebi, navTobis kompaniebi da a.S. es is xalxia, vinc did mogebas naxulobs imiT, rom sxvebi iyeneben sawvavs.

amitom arcaa gasakviri, rom isini ar fiqroben klimatis cvlilebis arsebobis Sesaxeb. Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom klimatis cvlileba ar arsebobs.

diax, klimatis cvlileba realobaa “maTTvis, visac ainteresebs Tu ra gavlenas moaxdens globaluri daTboba da yinulis dnoba polarul daTvebze, pasuxi martivia – isini daiRupebian.” riCard Staineri, aliaskas universiteti. man daamtkica, rom polaruli daTvebi ixrCobian, rodesac maT uxdebaT did manZilebze curva sakvebis mosapoveblad gamdnar yinulebs Soris. (uolstrit Jurnali, 14 dekemberi, 2005) msoflioSi mravali mecnieri swavlobs klimats. isini ramodenime wlis win mividnen SeTanxmebamde, rom klimatis cvlileba marTlac xdeba. amis Sedegad msoflios yvela qveynis warmomadgenlebi Seikribnen iaponiis qalaq kiotoSi did konferenciaze. aq maT daiwyes msjeloba imaze, Tu ra unda gaekeTebinaT klimatis cvlilebasTan dakavSirebiT. mravali dapireba daido, magram qveynebi arcTu bejiTad asrulebdnen am dapirebebs. mas Semdeg klimatis cvlilebebis damadasturebeli niSnebi sul ufro da ufro Zlierdeboda. specialuri kompiuteruli “modelebi”, romlebsac mecnierebi iyenebdnen, xdeboda sul ufro daxvewili. yinulis

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safari orive polusze dneba, zogierT adgilas Zalian swrafadac ki. zRvebis done imatebs. temperaturac imatebs, gansakuTrebiT arqtikasa da antarqtikaze.

mTebis myinvarebic Zalian swrafad dneba. diax, es yvelaferi xdeba, dedamiwa ufro cxeli xdeba. da amis ZiriTadi mizezi varT Cven, adamianebi. sxva cocxali arsebebi udanaSauloni arian am saqmeSi. ase rom, mdgomareobis gamosworebac Cveni saqmea. Cven unda movimoqmedoT raime.

diax, Cven SegviZlia uamravi ram movimoqmedoT.

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cxra Zalian mniSvnelovani ram, rac Cven SegviZlia gavakeToT

1. gaavrceleT informacia: uTxariT amis Sesaxeb Tqvens megobrebs da nacnobebs. esaubreT amis Sesaxeb Tqvens maswavleblebs da mSoblebs. Tqven aseve SegiZliaT miipyroT politikosebis yuradRebac. magaliTad, misweroT maT amis Sesaxeb, an daxatoT naxatebi da moawyoT gamofena, romelzec dapatiJebT politikosebs. 2. gaxdiT eqsperti! gaigeT meti am sakiTxis Sesaxeb, raTa kargad icodeT Tu ris Sesaxeb saubrobT. SegiZliaT daxmarebisaTvis mimarToT garemosdacviT organizaciebs. 3. ratom unda imgzavroT transportiT, rodesac SesaZlebelia fexiT gaseirneba? Tu Tqvens ojaxs gaaCnia manqana, ecadeT rac SeiZleba naklebad gamoiyenoT igi. axlos mdebare maRaziebSi SegiZliaT fexiTac waxvideT, seirnoba janmrTelobisTvisac kargia da gamonabolqvic ar gamoiyofa. Tu Tqven giwevT Sor manZilze wasvla, maSin SeiZleba sazogadoebrivi transportis gamoyeneba (avtobusi, troleibusi, tramvai da a.S.).

4. SeqmeniT Tqveni sakuTari klimati! - dauwieT gaTbobas zamTarSi. Tu gcivaT, CaicviT odnav meti tansacmeli. - dauwieT kondicioners zafxulSi. rodesac cxela, CaicviT grilad, xolo rodesac civa, CaicviT Tbilad. 5. SeiZineT adgilobrivi nawarmi. rodesac SesaZlebelia, SeiZineT adgilobrivi warmoebis produqtebi da erideT ucxouris SeZenas. satvirTo manqanebi da TviTmfrinavebi, romlebsac CamoaqvT produqtebi ucxoeTidan, iyeneben didi raodenobiT sawvavs da Sesabamisad, gamoyofen bevr gamonabolqvs.

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6. erideT TviTmfrinavebiT mgzavrobas, isini wvaven didi raodenobiT sawvavs.

7. mzis energia srulebiT ufasoa. SeecadeT daainteresoT Tqveni mSoblebi ufaso mzis energiis gamoyenebaSi. mzis saSualebiT Tqven SegiZliaT gqondeT Tbili wyali da eleqtroobac ki, Tanac sruliad ufasod. Tanac, am mowyobilobebis agebis procesi Zalian sainteresoa. 8. Seamcire, xelaxla gamoiyene da gadaamuSave. - Seamcire: Zalian mniSvnelovania, Tu ar SeiZen imas, rac ar gWirdeba, Sedegad ukve aRar dagWirdeba xelaxla gamoyeneba da gadamuSaveba. - xelaxla gamoiyene rac ki SegiZlia, magaliTad sayidlebis paketi an CanTa. - Tuki xelaxla gamoyeneba ar xerxdeba, maSin gadaamuSave. 9. Caaqre da gamorTe qselidan! xSirad Caqroba Zalian momabezrebel saqmianobad SeiZleba mogveCvenos, magram ganaTebis, gaTbobis, kondicioneris, televizoris, kompiuteris da sxva mowyobilobebis CarTulad datoveba, maSin roca isini ar gvWirdeba, niSnavs uamravi energiis tyuilad xarjvas. es niSnavs met gamonabolqvebs atmosferoSi da aseve met gadasaxadebs Cveni ojaxisaTvis. amitom, Tuki ar gWirdebaT, aucileblad gamorTeT xolme eleqtro-xelsawyoebi.

maS ase, rogorc xedavT klimatis cvlileba arc ise saSiSia, Tuki yvelani erTad SevcvliT Cveni cxovrebis wess da vimoqmedebT misi

Tavidan asacileblad. gaxsovdeT, is Tu rogor gamoiyenebT energias, gavlenas axdens dedamiwis klimatze. rac met energias moixmarT, miT

metad cxeldeba planeta. ase rom, sanam rames moimoqmedebT, dafiqrdiT... da CaaqreT sinaTle. yoveli aseTi qmedeba dadebiTad moqmedebs

planetaze.

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