Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
S P O T L I G H T O N
E G YP T
B yKatharine and W ill Griffith
EGYP T B OO K H OU S E
Carbondale , I llinois
Cop y right 19 4 3
EGYPTIAN K EY
Cop yright 1 9 4 6
EGYPT B OOK H OUS E
Carbonda le , I l l inois
Printed in the Un ited States— Carbonda l e H era l d,Carbonda l e , I l l inois
EGYPT is the fru it and vegetabl e basket. of the housew i fe , t he coal bucket o f indust ry, the oi l tank oft ransporta t i on , and the sa fety deposit box of a vastm ineral w ea lth .
Egypt i s a land of cont rast s . The pra i r ies meet th eh i l l s in the angl e formed by th ree great. ri vers— theM i ssiss i ppi , the Oh io , and the W abash . Lush bottomlands brush agains t the roeky crags of the upl i fts ;forest t rees bend in t he w ind just a shor t d is t an c efrom the s t agnant w ate rs of the few rema in ingsw amps ; deep gashed val l eys l ie sequeste red amidpeaks of the Oza rks ; s l11mgish c reeks eventua l ly mee t“
the broad rivers .
Corn and eotton , magnol ias , southern p ine andnorthern oaks, mansions and eabins , barren rocks and
South of Chester on Sta te 3 , the M ississipp i R iver in t he d istan c e .
Pho to byC . C liff Grind lc. C uban lat:
orehard -eovered h i l ls e row d th is ser t ion of I l l ino isw here sou t hern hospi t a l i ty mee t s no rt hern v ita l i ty .
I n t h is spea rhead o t'
t he Nor t h piere ing tl-e V i t a ls ofthe South are many pla c es oi
'
i n t eres t — seen ie , h istorie
,indus t ria l . River ba rges and boats , s t eam and
d iesel - pow ered l‘
tl ill'oml t ra ins , a i rl ines , and mo t orh i ghways serve the sert ion w here s t i l l , here, and t here.a mul e pul ls its load . are prone t o t h ink o f the
ra re , the beaut i ful , t he unusua l , as found a t a greatd istanee from our homes . t ine w ho i s no t amuain tm l
with Egypt,upon heeom ing friendly, w i l l f ind he
many t imes has gone far t her and seen l ess : spent moreand gotten less ; consumed more t ime and e ffor t andhad much less to store in memor y
'
s a t t i e .
Egypt extends deep in t o the hea r t of the Sou t h .
T op— Chalk Cl iffs from Pine H il l s S k y l ine Drive .
B ottom— B urde n Fal ls.
Cai ro,at the con" uence of the Oh io and Missis
'
sippirivers, is the lowest, as wel l as the southernmost,po int of I l l inois; I n the early stag es of the C iv i l War,Cairo
,the s outhernmost of the Un ion
“
defenses, wasfarthe r south than the capital of the Confederacy,Richmond
,Virgin i a .
Agri cu ltural products run the gamut from corn to
cotton,from wheat to tobacco
,from apples to sweet
po tatoes, from beans to berr i es, from melons to
peaches.
The only east and west mountai n range in the
Un ited States — the I l l i no i s Ozarks— prov ides the rugged scenery of Egypt . The early sett lers of theNorthwest Terr itory came down the Oh io River fromthe East , and up the natural w ater
'
routes from the
South . The pl ent i ful water supply of the manysprings, the m i ld c l imate, the beaut i es of nature, and.th e nostal gi c contour of the h i l ls, comb ined to causethem to sett le in Egypt . I t '
w as the first part ofI l l i no is to be settl ed, and had become a c i v i l i zedsect ion before the upper part of the State becamepopu l ated .
I t is imposs ibl e to tel l in one si tt ing al l the glor i esof Egypt— to relate al l its interest ing h i stori cal tal es,to descr ibe al l i ts beauty,
‘
to pi cture the story of itsindus try . The map on the inside back cover shows al l .
the towns ment ioned, and by'
the use of numberskeyed to the text
,the approx imate locat ions . of all
pl aces referred to that are not immediately,in
, or
adj acent to, towns .AL TO PASS is the h i ghest point in Egypt servedby a rai l road . Cl iff Vi ew Park furnishes 'a
'
good v iewof the
“
h eav i ly-wooded I l l i no i s Ozarks.
ALBION , seat of Edw ards County, w as sett led in1818 by Engl ish colon i sts
,under the leadersh ip of
Morr is B i rkbeck and George Flower . A monum ent toB i rkbeck stands on the courthouse l awn . The ol dhouses of the town are : the Harri s house a
hal f block west of the square ; the French housenorth of the l i brary ; and the Thompson
house now the public l ibrary. Former Govcruor Lou is L . Emmerson w as born i n the house nowoccup ied by the Edwards County Hi stor ical S oc ietyA lbi on had the fi rst publ i c l ibrary in I l linoi s .ANNA is the center of a fru it and vegetable regi on .
The Anna Market serves commercial buyers frommany states . On the east edge of the ci ty i s Anna StateHosp ital wi th a capac ity of th ree thousand pat ientsThe I l l ino is Central Ra i l road Depot has been named.
Pel l ey Stat ion to honor J . J . Pel ley, president of theAssoc i at ion of Amer i can R a i lroads, who started h iscareer at An na as an employee of the ra i l road . FrankWi l lard , cartoon i st , creator of the com i c st ri p
“ MoonMul l i ns
,
”w as born in Anna . Abraham Li nco ln vis
ited in the D . L . Ph i l l i ps ’ home .
BALD K NOB so named because of t he ah
sence of t rees on i ts top , is about si x mi les w est andsouth from the vi l l age of Al to Pass . The peak,reached over a w i nd ing gravel ed road th rough the
Shaw nee Nat ional Forest , affords a panoram ic v iew
o f abou t S ix'
hund red square mi les of scen ic beauty .
-O u Eas t er morn ing , more t han t en thousand persons.a t t end the annua l sunri se serv i ce held on top of BaldK nob . The summ it
,10 30 feet in el evat ion
,i s the
second h ighest po int in Egypt .BATTERY ROC K (57 ) i s about a mi l e below a
. ferry ae ros the Oh io Ri ver, th ree mi les from thevi l lage o f Lamb . As early as 1814 ,
Z adoc Cramer i nT he Navigator . gave a deta i l ed ac c ount of h is explora ~
.t ions of t he Ohio River,and described Battery Rock
,
wh ich t hen bore that name . The story that the nameori gi nated from fortit
'
ying t he po int during t he C iv i lW ar i s i ncorrect . The rock is best seen from the river,al t hough a good v iew i s obta inable from the K ent u c ky shoreBELLEVILLE ,
t he seat of St . Clai r County, has.many old .and in t ere st ing houses . S ide by side arethose of mo dern a r c h i t ec t ure and t hose a centuryor more old, s howing European influences
,mos t ly
Ge rman . A h igh percentage o f the houses a re bui l t ofbrick . T he home of former Governor John Reynolds:s t ands at North I l l inois Street . Bel l ev i l le oncew as t he home of former Go ver nors Wi l l i am II . Bissel l
.and Nin ian Edwards . Nin ian W i rt Edw ards , son of.the governo r , a l so l i ved i n the c ity . He was the fi rst:superi nt endent of publ i c i nst ruct ion in I l l ino i s . L yman Trumb ul l , United States senator from I l l inoi s,w ho w ro t e the T h i rteenth Amendment to the Cons titution ,
w as a res ident of Bel l ev i l l e . The L incolnH otel , Nor t h H igh and East A Streets, w as bui l t i n
On the bea c h at Crab Or c hard Lake . Photo byC . C liffGrtmllo. Cavbonda ll
184 7 . A marker on t he wal l of the B ellex ille Ju nio rHigh School
,on Lin c o ln S t reet
,re lates t ha t A braham
L incoln spoke,Oc t ober 18 , 1856
,from t he ba l c on y
of t he Scheel home w h ich t hen s t ood at t ha t p lace .
BELL SMITH SPRING S A R EA ( 50 ) i s six m i l essouth from Harri sburg on S t at e 3 4 , an d w es t on agood gravel ed road from M itehellsville ,
th rough Delw ood
,about fourteen m i l es in t he Shaw nee Na t i ona l
Forest . It is a scar upon the ear t h‘s surface t ha t af
fords great inte rest to stud ents o f nature . A t somepreh i stor ic t ime
,a m ighty force of water cours ed
through the region,broke off great p ie c es of ro c ks ,
sp l i ntered others,ground down parts of some , and
bored th rough d i fferent s t rata . The resul t i s a mos trugged sect ion fi l l ed with raw c l i ffs
,j agged ro cks.
and many freak format ions . The most unusual i n t eres tof the area i s the Natura l Bridge
,1530 feet long , 30
feet w ide,60 feet h igh , l onger than the Na t u ra l
Bridge of Vi rgin ia, but not as h i gh . Ano t her forma .
t ion,t he Sh i p ’s Prow ,
resembl es the front of a sh i p .
A cunn ingly h idden sta i rway cut in the stone c l i ffaffords a means of reach ing the l ow er l evel . Sp ringw ate r is abundant , and many odd and curious ro cksand pebbles can be found .
BENTON l i es in the heart of the coal and oil fi eldsof Egypt . I t is the seat of Frankl in Coun ty , andboas t s t he fi rst drive - ia bank deposit w indow i nI l l ino is . John A . Logan pract i ced law i n Benton .
BIRD HAVEN establ i shed by Doctor R obertRidgway
,for many yea rs curato r of b i rds in the
United States Nat ional Musuemi at VV ashi'
ng ton ,i s
north and east of Olney a short distance . At h isdeath , he wi l l ed the arboretum to the Uni versity ofCh i cago. H is grave is in the grou nds I n the w ildl i fe sanctuary may be seen the nati ve b i rds of I l l i no is
,
and a great vari ety of trees and plants. It is open tothe publ i c upon appl i cation .
BOR AH BIRTHPLAC'E six mi l es northeastof Fairfi eld, is where former S enator Wi l l i am E .
Borah w as born a nd spent his ch i ldhood . He attendeda coun try sc hoo l east of Fai rfi e ld .
B RI DGEPORT , as wel l as the su rround ing area,w as. important in the early devel opment of the oil
indust ry i n Ill i no i s. Today, the tank farm of theOhio Oil Company l ies at the eastern edge
-
of town .
I t has forty - ei g ht o i l storage tanks, each hold in g fromto barrels
BROO K PORT l i es at the north end of a br i dgef rom Paducah , K entucky, affording en try into Egypt .Sp raw l ed over the lowlands adjacent to the ri v er
,
Brookport is a typical Ohio Rive r tow n .
B -R OW NF‘
I E L‘
D AR EA includes Porter Sp rings,
B low ing Springs ,and Money Cave , al l about fi ve
mi les northeast of B row nfield . The cave is so namedfrom i ts:use as. a: rendezvous by a band of counterfeiters . Rugged scenery i s the attract ion of AveryHol l ow ,
about thr ee and one-half m i l es north of
B arge T ow on Oh io R iver, from R auchf tI ss H ill, Go l c onda.
Photo By R aymond fenkfns , Gol'
w nda '
Brow nfi e ld. In P ine Hollow ,about th ree and one- half
mi les northw est of Brownfiel d,i c i cl es frequently re
ma in unt i l l ate spring . East of town the l ate sun raysl ight the mult i - col ored sandstone sides of Cedar B luffBUFFA LO SALT LIC K (18 ) w as an important
cog in the sal t industry in Egypt i n the early 180 0 ’
s.
Remains of ol d evaporati on pans and equ ipment maybe seen at the s i te
,about three and one - hal f m i les
west o f the v i l lage of Horseshoe .
BUNCOMBE SCENIC VIEW (4 7 ) has waysi deparking places along the east s ide of State 37 northof Buncombe to prov ide amp le space from wh ich toenj oy the v iew of the rol l ing h i l l s to the east .BURDEN FALLS ( 4 9 ) i s west of the v i llage of
Delwood on the road to Bel l Sm ith S pr ings . In the
spr ing and fal l and other wet seasons, a th in st reamof water fal l s from a rocky s hel f to the broken rocks.bel ow . Legend says the Ind ian squaws ground theircorn on the rocks at the foot of the fal ls and then .
carri ed the i r burden of meal up the steep sides tot heir tepees.CAHO K I A is the ol dest sett lement i n I l l i nois . T he:
Church of the Holy Fami ly, the ol dest church bu i l di ng i n I l l i no is, w as constructed i n 1799 , on the si te;of t he origi nal church wh ich w as bu i l t j ust one hundred years earl i er
,1699
,and stands alongs ide the:
brick chu rch in u se today Near the ch urch are the:
Old Stone Fa c e, southeast of H a rrisburg .
priest ’s house,almost as old , and the Jarrot mansi on ,
begun 1799 and comp l eted 180 6 , w here La Fayet t ewas entertained in 1825. Back of the old church i s thegraveyard of the early sett l ers . The Cahoki a courthouse , reconstructed by the State , i s a h i stor i ca lmemorial
,t he fi rst seat of j ust i ce in I l l ino i s . I t i s
cl a imed the Indian,Pont iac
,w as murdered at Cahok ia .
CAIRO,the seat of Al exander County, i s the
southernmost po int i n I l l i no is . Low w ater mark atthe confluence of the Ohio and Mississ ippi r i vers,208 feet , i s the low est el evat ion in I l l ino is . The tow ni s prot ected from the w aters of the two ri vers b yd ikes . The h ighw ays enter th rough a f lood prevent ionl evee w h i c h can be closed by an i ron gate resembl inga portcul l i s . Mag nol ia and ginkgo trees m ingle w it hthose of the northern belt
,co t ton and tobacco grow on
surround ing fa rms a long w i th corn and vegetabl es ofthe North . Much of the material used by Edna Ferberi n her novel S how B oat w as obta ined from the Ca i roneighborhood . The correct pronounciation o f the
name is “ Care - o .
”Genera l I
'
. S . G rant had h isheadquarters ( 18614 862 ) i n the Oh io B ui ld ing, (50 9
Oh io S t reet . He l ived in Room 2 15 of the l lallidayHotel
,t hen know n as the St . Charles . Fort Def ian c e
w as l ocated just south of the hotel . A bronze plaqueat Oh io and S ixth St reets pro c la ims that Flag Off i cer ,l ater Adm i ra l , Foot e, assembl ed the ( lun
boat. Flot i l l a i n the ha rbor during the Civ i l W ar.
The Un ited States Marine I losp ital, on Cedar St ree t ,w as erected during the year 1885 . The bronze stat ueT he H ew er by G eorge C ray Barnard , scul ptor, s t and s
Spandre l B ridge on State 1 4 6, just w est of
Dixon Springs .
on W ash ington St reet. betw een N in t h and Ten t hStreets . At the entrance to the publ i c l ibrary i s thebronze Figh ting B oys by Janet S c udder . s c u l p t or .The second fl oor of t he l i bra r y o ffers a museum ofIndian and Civ i l re l ics . Betw een Tw en ty- seven t hand Tw en t y - n inth S t ree t s on Avenu e .t he old mansions impart the f lavor of the DeepSouth ” w i th the i r arch i t ectura l styl e . and t hei rl a rge law ns studded wi t h gorgeou s magnol ia t rees .
T he Maud Rittenhouse home s t ands a t Seven t h and
Walnut Street s . Tol l br id ges furni sh entrv fromK entucky and Missouri .CANTONMENT W ILK INSON -V I LLE w as l oca t ed
at Cha in -o-Rocks on the Oh i o River . T he fort w as
occup i ed from 1797 to 180 4 under the command o fL i eutenant Colonel Dav id S t rong . H e and some ofhis men are buri ed n ea r the s i t e . No t fa r aw ay. a
centu ry earl ier in 17 0 2,the Va B a c he Tanner y w as
bu i l t. b y Cha rles Juchereau de S t . | ) en is , w ho had re
ceived the gran t o f the bu ffa lo hun t ing r igh t s for thereg ion from the Fren c h crow n . A h is t ori c a l markera longside Sta t e 37 a t the v i l lage o f tlrand Cha in tel lsof the can t onment , w h i c h w as abou t three m i l es sou t h .
CA R I -EONDA L H i s the home of Sou t h ern I l l ino isNormal I
’
n ivcrs ity,at the sou t h edge of t ow n . I t w as
the largest teac l -e rs c ol lege in I l l ino i s . and . i nbecame. a un i vers i t y , w i t h Co l l eges o f l'ld ucation . L i bcral Arts and S t'ien ces . and Vo c a t i ons and P ro fessions .
T he zoo log y departmen t has a p re t en t i ou s museum o fvenomous snakes . and the so c ia l S c i en c e department amusuem o f per t inent subj e c t s . T he fi rst ru ra l p ra c t i c e
P i erre Menard H ome at the foot of the h i l l below FortKaskaskia State Park .
T esty— Pow d er Magazine , Fort Char tres , o l dest stand ingstru c t ur e in the Northw est Territory. B ottom— Interior
of B r yan Mus eum , Sa l em .
school i_
n I l l i nois stands to the north of State 13, just
west of town . On the w est side of U S 51,across from
the university, i s the Baptist Foundat ion , a schoolfor the train ing of Bapt ist ministers . On the east sideof town is Woodlawn Cemete ry where
,i n Apri l 1866
,
a memoria l serv i ce w as held w ith General John ALogan as the princ ipal speaker . From this serv i ce herecei ved the insp i rat ion that caused him in 1868, w hencommander i n chief of the Grand Army of . the
Republ i c , to i ssue General Orders Number 1 1 , proclaiming a nat ional memori al day on the th i rt i et h ofMay . Alexander M . Jenkins
,w ho ~resigned as lieuten
ant governor of I l l i noi s to become presi dent of thefi rst I l l ino is Centra l R a i l road Company, is bur ied inWoodlawn Cemetery.
CARLYL E , seat of Cl inton Coun t y , for many yearswas the home of S idney Breese
,just i ce of the Supreme
Court of I ll i no i s,w ho i s buri ed in the Carlyle Cem
etery. The T ruesdail Hotel has a regi ster on d isplaycontai ni ng the si gnatures of many
‘
famous men of thepast . Just east of town , on the old Vincennes- S t .
Lou is Trace, is a suspension br idge bu i l t in 1860 , with35- foot towers and a span of 280 feet . One mi l e eastof tow n i s the Carlyle State F ish Hatchery .
CARMI , seat of White County, had as i ts fi rstcourthouse and j ai l tw o l og cabins bu i lt by John Craw
,
about 1820 . The bu i ld ings l ater w ere jo i ned and madei nto a house, occup i ed for many years by Un itedStates Senator John M . R ob inson and h is fam i ly .
Across the street stands the house of Edw i n B . Webb,
fri end of Lincoln , and frequent candidate of the
Whig party in I l l i no is . A plaque in the down tow npark procl aims th i rty - fi ve Revolut ionary War Sold iers are buried within the county . Wi l l i am Wi lson ,just i ce of the I l l i no is Supreme Court , is bur ied iii
a local cemete ry .
CAVE HILL (19 ) r i ses six hundred feet above theSal ine River bottoms . The cave i n the si de -
of the h i llcan be explored for more than a m i l e . The impressi vec l i ff towers over the countrys ide about eight mi lessoutheast of Harri sburg
,and th ree mi l es w est of
Horseshoe .
CAVE IN ROC K STATE PAR K takes its namefrom i ts ch ief attract ion , a mighty cave in the towering bluff fac ing the Oh io River . T he cave i s 55 feetw i de , 20 feet high at the entrance , and 1 0 8 feet deepIt antedates al l ex ist i ng records . It was used as ah i de- out by robbers, p i rates , and assassi ns i n the earlydays . The v iew of the r i ver from the top of the bl uffsabove the cave i s sp l endid . Other interest ing rockc l i ffs are on e ither side of the cave . The park l i es at;
the eas t edge of the v i l lage of Cave in Rock .
CENTRALIA l i es in the center of a fine peach andK i effer p ear terri tory . The “ Thunderbolt Express
,
first temperature - control l ed tra i n for the transportat ion of fru i t . was placed in operat ion betw een Centralia and Ch i cago . The fi rst l ocomoti ve to burn I l l ino i s coal successful l y was converted from a wood - burning engi ne in the I l l ino i s Central shops at Central i a .
General George B: McClellan , l ater commander inch i ef of the Un ion Arm y in the Civi l War, l ived at224 West B roadw ay whi l e act ing as ch ief engineer ofthe I l l inoi s Central Rai l road . A profusion of gas f l aresburn ing i n the vast oil fi elds of the ne ighborhoodmakes t he dr i v e into the Cen tralia district a specta
cular one at n ight . W amae , a suburb o f Cen t ra l ia .
i s the fi rst place i n i l l ino is w here w omen exerc'
sed
t he right o f suffrage . A vi l lage e l e c t ion four da y sa fter the r ight to vote had been gran t ed gave t h e
w omen of Wamac the honor .CHERO K EE ENC A MI ’MENT S ( 4 0 ) ( 4 5 ) are d e
ignated by two state h istori c a l markers , one a shortd i stance east. o f W a re on Stat e MG, and ano t her betw een Anna and W est V ienna on the same h ighw ay .
They relate t he story of the trag i c t rek o t’
the
okee Ind ians from t he i r homes in the East to t heI nd ian Territory
, 1838 - 1839 .
CHESTER is a p i c turesque tow n st radd l ing awind ing ridge a long the Mississ ipp i River . T he sea t o fRandolph County
,Chester is the Iega t ee of K askask ia ,
fi rs t c api t a l of I l l i no i s . A t the north edge of t ow na re the I l l i no is Se c urity Hosp ita l and the Mena rdB ran c h o f t he i l l ino is S t a t e Pen itent iar y . Au t omobi leso n the new h ighw ay tol l br idge across the M iss iss i pp iRiver
,t ra ins on t he ra i l road a long the eas t bank of
the s ame. s t ream ,and river boa t s and barges on the
bosom of the river, throw in sharp contrast the threem e t hods of trans |mrtation . At. t he nor t heast. edge oftow n , in a sma l l State H istor ica l Park in E vergreenCemetery
,i s the monument over the grave of Shadra c h
Bond,fi rs t governor of I l l ino i s . The fi rs t. new spaper
publ i shed in I l l ino is,the I llinois H erald ,
w as ed i t edby Matthew Duncan , at K askask ia,
1814 - 1816 . Kas
kaskin became the cap ital of I l l ino is Terr itory in 180 9 ,and t he cap ita l of the State of I l l ino i s upon its adm ission to the Un ion in 18 18 . It was si tuated on thel ow land about three m i l es nort h o f the present t ow no f Chester . K askaskia l ies buried benea t h the w at erso f the M ississi pp i River , due to a change i n it s course .
G eneral James Sh ields l ived i n K askask ia i n the earlv
d ays of the State . He later served as Un ited Statessenator from I l l ino is , and st i l l later as sena t or fromtw o ot her states . E l z i e Crisl er Segar
,c reator of
“ Pop -eye the Sa i lor,”w as born in Chester .
CLARIDA SPRING S (50 ) near the sou t h end of
the Bel l Smi t h Springs A rea , w i t h sp rings and SandC ave , i s an add it iona l attract ion of the. reg ion .
CLA R K MAR K ERS t race the route of GeorgeRogers Clark and h is men across Eg y pt to take Kaskask ia from the B rit i sh . The ma rkers
,erec t ed by the
Daughters of the Ameri c an Revo l u t ion ,are l o c ated
a s fol lows : w est of Ozark on U S 4 5 ; near Forman onthe Burl ing ton Rai l road right of w ay near the topo f Chance Hi l l on State 14 6 th ree mi les w est of Vienna ; on State 37 abou t one and one - hal f m i l es sou t ho f Gorev i l l e ; and about tw o mi les north o f Gorev i l l e to the east of State 37 .
(‘
OB DEN nest l es am id verdan t h i l l s upon w h ichappl es , pea c hes , and vegetables are ra i sed in abund ance . Parker Earl e , i n 1866 , bui lt a refrigera t ed boxto hold two hundred quarts o f straw lw rries , and sh i p
ped i t to Ch icag o. As an outgrow th of th i s revolut ionary idm tbe refrigerated fre ight c ar c ame. i nto ex is tence . Earl e
'
s box i s i n the I l l ino i s Cent ral museum
at Ch icago . Ag nes Ayres ,sta r of si l en t mot ion p i c
T op— Shadow s on the tra il . ( Photo byDr. N. A . H ermann.H arrisburg. ) B ottom— Anv i l R o ck . ( Pho to by U. S .
Forest Serv i c e, Shaw nee National Forest ) .
L eft— Fly fish ing in B ay Creek B e l l Smi th Springs . R ight— Patterson H i l l on U S 5 1 , nor th of Anna .
t ur es,and Mary Tracy Earl e , author , were born in CRAB ORCHARD LA K E (27 ) i s a seven - thousand
(‘
obden . About three mi l es east from Cobden is K err acre body of w a t er formed by damm ing Crab O rcha rdBluff . Preh i storic men known as B l uff Dwel l ers l i ved Creek . I t l i es betw een Marion and Carbondal e , andin two- l evel recessed caves in the bl uff. just south of Carte rv i l l e and Herrin . W el l sto c kedCOLD SPRINGS AREA tw o and one ~ha lf w i th fi sh by the State
,l im it catches are frequen t .
mi les w est of B loomf iel d , has as ch ief att ract ions the Motor boat ing,canoe ing
, sa i l boat ing , sw imming, andJug
,Dripp ing Springs, Blowing Springs, and Ben bath ing are offered . Two aux i l iary lakes. Lit t l e
son 's B luff . Grassy and B ig G rassy ( somet imes cal led Devi l’
sCOLUMBIA
,w i t h many houses of German arch i K itchen ) . are be ing const ructed to t he sou t h o f C rab
t ecture , i s a quaint old tow n sett l ed in the ver y early Or c ha rd Lake .
davs of I l l ino is .
T op — Turrets of Old S c i en c e B u i ld ing ,S outhern I l l ino is Normal Universit y
,
Carbonda l e . B ottom— Natura l B ridge, B e ll Sm ith Springs area.
CYPRESS might be called natral br idge land . At the east sideof the v i l l age stands a natura lbridge about 25 feet long and 30feet h igh
,fragil e and graceful . To
the west of the settl ement in thepasture of Dee George is Ra inbowArch , another natural br idge notas h igh as the one on the east sideof town , but more substant ia l . Tothe north i s another
,the smal l est
of the three . About two hundredand four hun dred rods beyondRainbow Arch are two caves
,one
l arge enough to harbor cattl e fromsummer heat . A fine spring nearbyand a fri endly farmer prov ide aninv i t ing p icn i c spot .CYPRESS SWAMP (60 ) at one
t ime stretched across Egypt for a
goodly number of m i les i n an eastand west di rect i on . The swamp cov
ered more than one hundred thousand acres of l and below the Ozarkr idge in Johnson , Pulaski, and Mas~
sac Count ies . G i ant bald cypresst rees
,un ique among I l l i nois t rees
due to the absence of tap roots,were cut by lumbermefl standing inboats. Logging and drainage Operations have removed most of t hecypress trees and the swamp w ate r .Here and there a cypress treestands, a lonely sent inel i n the nowfert i l e farm l and .
DI" ON SPRINGS is a recreational resort w ith a modern swimming pool
,natural amph i theater,
and wi ld forest scenery to invitethe outdoor enthusi ast . The h ighestspandrel - type br idge i n I l l i noi s carri es State 1 4 6 over a smal l st reammeandering th rough rocky outcropp ings .DU QUOIN is in .the coal bel t ofEgypt . I ts ra i l roads and industri esmake for its prosper ity . The DuQuoin State Fai r
,as w e ll know n as
the I l l i noi s State Fai r, draw s aboutas many v i s i tors . Joseph R . Harker,presi dent of I l l i no is Woman
’s College (now MacMurray Col l ege ) , atJacksonv i l l e
,1893- 1925, worked i n
the coal m ines near Du Quoin , andthen became a teacher in i ts Negropubl i c school . Du Quoi n was thehome town
“
of Marl i n Hurt, radiocomed i an .
EBB AND FL O\V SPRING
(55 ) i s found near a graveled roadmidway betw een Rosic lare andE l i zabethtown . The spring takes itsname from the unusual qu i rk o fnature that causes the water to
E . A ydt , Cairo ) R ight— Old Slave H ouse near Equal ity . B e low — PomonaB ridge ( Photo by B ob R iseling, Murph y sboro. )
flow for forty-f ive m inutes, and then cease flowingfor the same length of time, only to repeat the routinethroughout the years.
ELIZA B ETHTOWN, seat of Hardin County, is aquaint river tow n never defi l ed by a rai l road . I t w asa maj or point for steamboats in the roaring ri verdays. The high rocky promontory gives a sweepingv iew of the bending Oh io Ri ver, the K entucky lowlands and h i l ls. The Rose Hotel , perched j ust back ofth is observat i on point , w as bu i l t in 1812 . Fluor sparmines are adj acent to the town .
ENFIELD for many years w as the home of theEnfiel d Academy . At the south edge of tow n alongthe h i ghway stands the ol d academy bui lding whereformer Senator Wi l l i am E . Borah w as a student inl fis youth .
EQUALITY honors its c it izen , General Michael K .
Lawler of C ivil War fame, with a monument erectedby the State . The cement port ion is i n bad cond it ion
,
but the bronze plaque, the work of E . M . Knoblaugh ,scul ptor, shows good workmansh ip and desi gn . I tstands in a smal l pa rk .
FAIRFIELD is the seat of Wayne County . On th esouthwest corner of the courthouse l awn a stonemonument with an alum i num plaque rel ates the sto ryof the f i rst endorsement of Abraham L incol n as ap resident i a l cand idate on the Republ i can t i cket
,by
a convention which met at Fai rfi eld,March 3 , 1860 .
FE R NE CLYFFE ( 4 6 ) is a w i l d natural park ahal f mi le southwest of Gorev i l l e . Although pri vatelyowned, it is open to v isi tors. The one hundred fi fty
Kinka id H i l l w est of Murph y sboro, on S tate 1 4 4 .
Photo by R ogerQKimmel, Murphysboro
andtlllF~"
Pienrlluw
acres furn ish the explorer much of interest . All i gatorCave (no al l igators ) , Cast l e Rock, the Dev i l
’
s Stai rway (no dev i l ) , Hawk
’
s Cave, and Pocahontas Spri ngare some of the attractions.
FLORA w as the home of Jonathan Edwards Spi l s
man , composer of the worl d - famous song, Flow Gently,S w eet A fton . Flora is the center of the great red - topgrass sect ion where the seed is grown commerc i al ly .
FOOTPRINT ROC K , near Crain , (30 ) is one mi lewest of Grain on State 3, and one- hal f m i l e north onState 151 on the west s ide of the h ighw ay . On the
l arge flat rock are fa int imprints of human feetand those of a three -teed fowl .FOOTPRINT ROC K
,near Forman
, (59 ) is a sandstone rock about f i fteen feet square with ei ghteenimprints of human feet . I t i s on the farm of ShermanEvans, two and three -fourths mi les east, and a l itt l esouth of the vi l l age of Forman . E xperts claim somepreh istori c persons stood on the footpr int rocks inSouthern I l l ino is at a t ime when the sandstone w assoft enough to take impressi ons . Later the rocks hard~
ened suffi c iently to retain the marks .
FORT CHARTRE S STATE PAR K (8) is fourmi les west of Prai r i e du Rocher on State 155. Theentrance gate
,the guardhouse, and the chapel; al l
reconstructed by the State, the foundat i on outl ines ofthe barracks , and other bui l d ings give a good conception of the ori ginal fort . Of greatest interest isthe original powder magazine bu i lt 1753- 1756
,the
oldest st ructure in the Northwest Territory . A welldug in 1754 st i l l gi ves good drink ing water. A
L eft— T he H ew er, George Gra y B arnard ,s c u lp tor, Ca iro . R ight— Giant Ci t y State Park ,
show ing the area t hat gave the park i t s name .
museum conta ins a selected d isplay of rel ics andrecords .FORT K AS K AS K IA STATE PAR K atop theblu ffs overlooking t he Miss issi pp i Ri ver, i s about fourand one - hal f mi les nor t h of Ches t er on State 3 , andw es t one - ha l f m i l e . The ou t l ine of the breas tw orks anda t
'
ew founda t ion stones of t he old fort ma y be seen .
Pierre Menard, ti ls t l i eu t enant governor of Il l inoi s,
had h is home a t the foot of the b luff . Bui lt in 180 2,i t i s rema rkabl y w el l p reserved , and i s the p roper tyof t he S t ate . The orig ina l furn iture and many ia
teresting rel i cs are d i splayed . in t he rear, s t and theon ly orig ina l slave quarters in ex i sten c e in i l l ino is ,res tored by t he Sta t e . Northw est of the park prope ri s Garrison H i l l Ceme t ery , a l so S t ate -owned . W henthe Mi ss iss ippi River c hanged i t s course thereb ycover ing t he orig ina l town of K askask ia , the fi rs tcap i t al of I l l ino is
,the S t ate moved t he buria ls from
K askask ia C eme t e ry to a safe locat ion on Garri sonl iill. The graves of many pioneers may be found inthe cemete ry . Bronze tabl e t s on the w al l s o f the newshelt er hous e tell the story of K askask ia . A bronze
triptych , on t he w al l of the overlook around the
she l t er house,carr i es the poem T o A S unken C ity
I i'
askask ia ,b y Lou is W . Rodenburg , placed by the
i l l i noi s Daughters of the Amer ican Re volut ion .
FOUNTAIN BL I'
FF a hi l l about four mi l esl ong and tw o m i l es w ide , r i ses sha rply from the
bo ttom lands, wi t h the Miss issi ppi River wash ing itsw es t e rn base . Many spr ings on t he nor t h face , a sol id
wal l of rock ris ing about two hundred feet . gave thename now ap pl i ed to the ent i re e leva t ion . O riginalsett lers used t he name “ Big Hi l l .
”The sou t h face
is less abrupt and i s covered wi t h a f ine grow t h of cvergreens . The surface i s broken w i t h coves and glens .each a treasure house to the botan ist . A forest t ra i ll eads from State 3 through Happy I lollow to the
top of t he w estern face,w here the v iew o f the r iver is
superb . Foot t ra i l s and park i ng spaces have beenmade .
GALLATIN SALINES impor tant t o the
salt i ndus t ry in the early days, w ere a shor t d is t an c ew est of Equal ity .
G I ANT CITY STATE PAR K (37 ) i s entered j us teast of Makanda . W ith 1 163 ac res . i t i s one of t hemos t beaut i ful of I l l i no is s t ate parks . A short d is t ancei nside the park i s the site of a p reh is t oric tort orpound . The road leads past many del igh t ful picn i cspots to Giant C ity , t he sec t i on that gives the parkits name . At some t ime in t he pas t , t he gigant i c ro ckshave been spl i t into s ymmetri ca l blocks . g i v ing the
inil'
n'
ession of c i ty s t reets l ined w i t h t ow ering sky~
s c rape rs . The park lodge is one o f the mos t a t t ra c t i vein t he Sta t e . B alan c ed R ock and Dev i l
’
s S tand tablea re favorite mck formati ons .GLENDALE ( fi l ) , w i t h the adjacen t a rea . hasmany places of in t erest . Lake ( llendale . coveringe ighty acres
,is a c reat ion of the Shaw nee Na t i ona l
Forest Servi ce.prov id ing sw imming . boat ing. and
f ish ing.Spou t S pri ngs
,a few m i l es w es t , w as the
Muddy R iver and Ced ar Creek .
I IOR S ES I IOE LA K E j ust south of the v i "l age of O l i ve B ranch
,i s t he center o f a migra t ory
game refuge ma inta ined by t he State . The refugecompri ses 30 0 0 ac res w h ich i nc ludes Hors esho e Lake .
ILLINOIS BLAST FURNACE (54 ) was bu i lt in1837 , and for t h i rty years produced p i g i ron . Ano t he r,the Martha B last. Furna c e , w as ere c ted nea rby in184 8, and w as operated for n ine yea rs . Earlysett lers in t he Oh io val l ey d is c overed iron orei n the h i l ls a long the ri ver . I ron from t hese furnaceswas transport ed over land to t he ri ve r, and sh i ppedon boats to manu fac t uring cen t e rs . No t h ing rema instod ay of the Mart ha B last Furnace . T he l ocat ion i smarked by a stone slab giv ing the pert inent fa c ts .The I l l ino is B last Furnace r ema ins in a badly d ilapidated cond i t ion . Su f fi c i en t. i s l ef t t o g i ve the v is i t ora c l ea r concept ion of it s s ize and the me t hod o l
‘
ope rat ion . It stands abou t fi ve m i l es north o f Rosi c la re ,and a short d istance to the cast .ILLINOIS F O R I S T R Y HEADQUARTERS .
S outher n D i v i sion ,o f the Conserva t ion Department of
I l l i no i s ( 11 ) are about tw o and one - hal f m i l es northof Benton on State 37 , surroumlcd by a grove opento the publ i c for p icn i c use .
INDIAN K ITCHEN ( 03 ) has one of the scvcn
pounds or preh i stor i c fort s in Eg y pt . It i s the on lyone with a part of the o rig inal w a l l stand ing . Ind ianK itchen
,on the w est bank of Lusk Creek , about fi ve
m i l es east of the v i l lage of Eddyvi l l e over a poorroad
,i s reached by a foot t ra i l . A
“
hazardous rockshe l f leads to a grotto .
JONESBORO,seat of Un ion County , was the
sc ene of the th i rd debate of the famous seri es betw een Abraham Lincoln and Steph en A . Douglas . I tw as held September 15, 1858 , in a grove about onefourth mi l e north of the square at Jonesboro . Thesite is marke d by stone boulder standing front
of t he ranger sta t ion o f the Shaw nee Nat iona l Fores tService . K aol in i s m i ned near Jonesboro .
K ARBERS RIDG E AREA (2 4 ) has many ro c ksof unusual shapes . Aga inst a backd rop of prec i pi t ousc l i ffs stands Anv i l R ock
,w hich resembles a black
smi t h'
s anv i l . It s t ands at the head o f Mo c c as in l lollow , about, t hree mi les nort h and w es t from the vi l lageo f K arbers Ridge . Three and one - fourth m i les sou t hw est of K a rbers Ridge is l I ick
'
s h ome , an unusua ldome - shap ed ro c k ris ing from t he f l oo r of the va l ley .
The only ev idence of t he ex i st ence of a volcano,a t
some preh is t oric t ime in th is pa rt o f the Uni t ed S t a t es ,i s the volcan i c p lttg sea l ing t he c ra t er o f an ext in c tvol cano , loca t ed about tw o and th ree - fou r t hs m i l eseast of K arbers Ridge . I l igh K nob rises 0 20 fee tabove sea level about tw o mi les nor t h of Ka rbe rsRidge . From t he top of the knob ex c e l lent v iew s canbe. enj o y ed o t
’
the surround ing scenery . A c ave in theeas t s ide of I l igh K nob ot
'
t’
ers opportun itv for ex
p lorat ion .
K A S K A S K IA (new ) w as settl ed i n the 1390’
s,and
pres erves the name o f the fi rs t cap i t a l of I l l ino is .
T he o rig ina l tow n is now submerged benea t h th
w aters o f t he M ississipp i R iver . T he c hange in the
cou rse o f the r iver created an island w h i c h is theonly part of the State w est of t he M ississi pp i Ri ver .
The v i l lage of Kaskaskia is reached over the new to ll
br idge at Chester, go ing fi rs t to S t . Marys,Missouri .
then a c ross the old channel of the ri ve r to t he v i l lage .
I n the Church of the Immacula t e Concept ion foundedat old K askask ia in 170 0 . i s the bel l g i ven the church
in 17 4 1 by Lou is " V , king of France . It weighs 650pounds and stands 22 inches h i gh . T he French iiiscr i pt ion may be t ranslated , To the people of theI l l i noi s Countr r for t hei r adorat ion .
” The l i l i es ofFrance are a part of the ornament .K AS K AS K IA CAMPGROUND below K in
ka id I l ilI,
m i l e State 14 4 , is the
T op— Crab Or c hard L ak e . CenterOrient M ine No . 2 , _
W est Frankfort ,largest shaft coal m in e in the w or ld .
B ottom— L un c h tim e in “
S a d Cave .
si te of the K askaskia Indian v i ll age at Sand Ridge
,where rem
nants of the K askaski a tr ibe passedthe i r last days in I l l ino i s beforethe i r removal westward by theFederal government .K INCAID MOUNDS (58 ) are
consi dered one of the importantarcheological studi es in the Un itedStates . The Un ivers i ty of Ch icagoow ns the si te, and has exploredabout ha l f of the twenty- oddmounds. They are located aboutn ine and one - hal f mi les east andsouth of Brookport .K IN K AID H I L L about
seven mi l es west of Murphysboroon State 1 4 4
,furn ishes an obser
vat ion po int alongside the h ighway from wh ich a panoramic viewunfolds of the Ozarks of E gypt andMissour i .LAWRENCEVILLE
, seat ofLawrence County
,l i es i n the heart
of one of the early oi l f i elds of
I l l ino is . I t st i l l is an importantfigure i n the petrol eum world . T heoffi ces and refinery of the IndianRefin ing Company are located atthe south edge of town . At th i sp l ant , paraffin - free oi l was fi rst
p roduced . Jesse K . Dubois, fr i endof L incoln
,l ived in the county .
LEBANON is the home of M e
Kendree Col lege . One of the threeoldest col l eges i n I l l ino is, i t is located at the west edge of town .
Merma i d Inn , popular in the earlydays, is stand ing at 112 East St .Louis Street . It w as visited byCharles Dickens and prai sed in hisw r it i ngs . Abraham Lincoln w as afrequent guest at the i nn . Lebanonw as the home of former GovernorA ugustus C . French , w ho is buriedi n the Lebanon Cemetery .
LEMEN ’S FORT (7 ) was thefam i l i ar name of the home ofJames Lemen , whi ch stands aboutthree and one - hal f mi l es southw estof Waterloo . It is the oldest bri ckhouse i n I l l i no i s . Of sturdy construct ion
,i t furn ished a p l ace of
refuge for the early sett lers during the Indi an raids . Porthol es canbe seen i n the w al ls of the fi rstfloor . A monument to James L emeu stands i n a nearb y grove .
L I N C O L N TRA I L M t) Nl'
MENT (3 ) f lanks t he w es t ap
proach of the L i ncoln Memoria lBridge w h ich spans the W abashRi ver at. Vincennes
,Ind iana . T he
bridge,erected j oi nt ly by the
s ta t es of I nd iana and I l l ino is , i sa memoria l to Abraham Lincol nmd hi s fami ly w here t hey crossedt he W abash R iver on t he i r m i grat ion from Ind iana t o I l l ino is . T he
monument on the I l l ino is app roachconnnemorates the j ourney of theL in c oln fam i l y in t o I l l ino is . I t isa la rge bas - re lie t
'
,t he work of
W a lker,scu lp t o r
,w i t h the
p rin c ipa l f igure tha t of y oungAbraham in bronze aga inst a ba c kground of s t one show ing h imt rudg ing beside the ox -d '
aw n cov
e red w agon loaded w ith the fam i lypossessions . The monument i s n ineand one - hal f m i l es east of L awreneevillc on U S 50 . Just acrossthe ri ver i n Vincennes i s the memo ria l to leorge. Rogers Clark erected b y the State of Indiana .
L ITTLE GRAND CANYON
( 3G) , a short d istance north of thev i l l age of E therton
,bulges with
many and varied flowers, sh rubs ,ferns , and t rees ; a w ild naturalga rd en , w ell w orth see ing .
LOUISVI L LE,seat of Clay
Jounty,w as the scene of man y of
the early pol it i c al efforts of JohnR . Tanner before he be came govc ruor .
MAR ION ,seat of W i l l i amson
C oun t y , i s anot her of the coal cent ers o f Egypt Congressman JohnA . Logan came home to Mariona ft er t he B attle of Bul l Run tomake , on the pub l i c square , thespee c h t ha t he ld S outhem I l l ino i sin the I
'
n ion . and to beg in rec ruiti ng t he reg iment w i t h w h ich heen t ered the C iv i l War as a col onel .Mrs . Logan spent her gi rlhood i nthe tow n . Robert G . l ngersol l studied law in Ma rion during the 1850
’
s
w h i l e h i s father held the Presbyterian pas t orate . The Un ited S t a te sVeterans Admin i st rat ion Fac i l i tyhas erected a vete rans hosp i tal atthe w est edge of tow n . Bui lt at ac os t of not i n c l ud i ngthe c ost of equipment
,it has at
p resent a lGO-bed c apac ity w h i c hw i l l be in c reased u l t imatel y to 50 0beds . l
'
nder the d i rec t i on of DoctorA . W el c h , the hosp ital has a
s t a f f of seven med i c al ot'
fice is ,a
d en t a l o ff icer . tw en t y - tw o nurs es ,labora t ory and t e c hn i ca l ass istants ,
pharmac ists, l ibrar ians, di et i c i ans,and other assistants. The buil dingcarries out the Egypt ian mot i f,w ith a centra l pyramidal towerand an ext eri or of terra cotta andbri ck, orn amented with conven ~
tional Egyp t ian designs.
MARYS RIVER COVEREDBRIDGE ( 10 ) is about four m i lesnortheast of Chester on State 150in a ways i de park created by theState h ighway department . Thebridge w as bui l t in 1854
,as part of
a pl ank road .
McL E A NS B OR O, seat of Hamil ton County , is the home of former Governor J ohn H . Stel l e . Thereare many o i l wel ls i n the surrounding country .
METROPOLIS is the seat'
of
Massac County . R obert G. Ingersol l taught school in the log housenow covered with weather boarding, and stand ing at the corner ofFourt h and Ferry Streets . A shoerepai r shop occupies the bu i ld ing.
At the east edge of town i s FortMassac State Park . Fort Massac ,ori ginal ly a French outpost in theFrench and Indian W ar, was del i vered to the B ritish at the closa
of that war, and later, was abandomed by them . T he
' S tate recent lyhas reconstructed the outl ines ofthe old fort . In George Rogers Cl ark , on his epié -makingmarch to K askaskia, entered I l l ino is at Massac Creek about a mi l eupstream from the abandoned fort .A bronze statue of C l ark byH ermant
, sculptor, surveys thetw enty- four m i le view of the OhioRiver .MILL CREE K QUARRY ( 4 3 )i s i n the area adjacent to the intersection of Mi l l and Coopercreeks
,w here Oumiamis Indi ans
for many years obtai ned the i rfl int for arrowheads . Many I n
d ian graves have been found .
MOUND CITY,seat of Pulas
k i County,has many h istor i cal
p l aces . The General Hosp i tal usedduring - the C ivi l War remains, although no longer a hospi ta l . Onthe banks of the Oh i o River are theMarine Ways. On them
,dur ing
the Civ i l War , many boats wererepai red . Several were const ructed by James B . Eads (who l aterbu i l t the Eads Bridge at St . Lou is )for the gunboat flot i l la under thecommand of Admi ra l Foote.
MOUNT CARMEL ,seat o f W a
bash County, w as the scene of
l ing of rock st ructures in Egypt . From Cave H i l l,
e ight mi l es south and east of Harr i sburg, a tr ip of afew more mi les past Stil l house Hol low brings intov iew on E agl e Moun tain
,on the Oxford farm
,the
perfect l ikeness of a giant face .
OLMSTED has the on ly deposi ts of ful ler ’s earthmined i n I l l i no is . Nearby Lovers ’ Leap offers a magn ificen t V iew of the sweep ing Ohio River.
OLNEY w as the home of Doctor Robert Ridgway,famous orn i thologist and natural i st
,whose house and
grounds are on the east side of Morgan Street tenblocks south . Olney, seat of Ri chland County, iswidely known as the home of the whi te squirrels . Thealb ino an imal s can be seen p layi ng in the treesthroughout the town .
PINC K NEYVILLE i s the seat of Perry County .
A sho rt di stance south of tow n on State 13,the Pyra
mid Coal Compan y operates the l argest commerc i al "
str ip m i ne in the Un ited States . Near P inckneyv i l l e,
good examples may be seen of rec lamat ion of spoi lbanks result ing from stripp ing operat ions . Mitchel lLodge Number 85, A . F . and A . M .
,Pinckneyv i l l e
,
made John A . Logan a Master Mason i n 1869 .
P I NE H I LLS S K YLINE DRIVE (39 ) i s a f ivem i l e dr i ve
,a long the crest of a r idge of the I l l i
no i s Ozarks,w h ich affords v iews of unsurpassed
beauty . The ful l lusc ious val l ey of the Missi ss ipp iR iver unfolds to the w est , and the undul at ing greenh i l ls and val l eys of the Egypti an Ozarks spread tothe east and south . From W olf Lake on State 3, theroad runs east over the lowlands, and then turnsnorth for some distance beneath the tow ering chalkc l i ffs
,w i th southern p ine grow ing from crev ices in
the steep face of the rock . By a gradual w indi ng as
cent , the drive reaches the top of the r idge and continues a long the crest for some di stance . The shel terhouse on the top of McGee Hi l l probab ly affords thebest V i ew of th e many offered .
POM ONA NATURAL BRIDGE i s an odd
Thebes .
i ty of nature about two mi l es northw est of the v i llage of Pomona . The rock bridge crosses a smal lstream w ith a span of 76 feet, 3 inches, and a widthvarying from 9 to 12 feet .POUNDS HOLLOW (23 ) in the eastern sect ion of
the Shawnee National Forest,is enj oyed by fisher
men and nature lovers. Indians or some earl i er raceerected seven stone forts
-or pounds in Southern I l l ino is . Some author it i es contend they were forts, morecla im they w ere pounds for the trapp ing and slay ingof wild an imal s
,mostly buffaloes . One such crumb
l ing w al l at Pounds Hol low gives the area its name .The United States Forest Serv i ce has bui l t a damin the stream to ‘give a mounta in l ake effect, and toprov i de facil i t i es for bath ing, boat ing, and fi sh ing .
The Pounds i s reached by a gravel ed road w est threemi les from State 1 , j ust south of G ibson i a .
PRAIRIE DU ROCHER has the Creo le house, theonl y remain ing examp l e of true Creol e arch itecturei n I l l ino is . I n the old French town , many of thecustoms of the early days are cont inued .
RADOM (6 ) is i n an area sett led by Pol i sh immigrants after the C iv i l W ar . General John B . Turehin
'
,Russian immigrant
,a one- t ime sold ier of the
czar,and l ater a hero in the Un ion Army, was ih
strumen tal i n br ingi ng the Poles to th i s sect ion . Hel ived in Radom for many years .RED BUD is a community that truly l i ves up to
its name. In the spring, thousands of redbud treesburst in to bri l l i ant b loom in the
'
vicin ity.
ROARING SPRING ( 4 4 ) i s about f i ve and onehal f mi les south of Anna on the M . J . S ensmeyer
farm . Amid si xty acres _of forest l and, the roar ofthe sp r ing is heard di st i nct ly .
ROSICLARE,on the Oh io R i ver, nest les among
the many fluor spar m i nes, and is the metropol i s ofthe industry . The v ita l m ineral i s found in deposi tsthat extend under the r iver i nto K entucky . Eightyper cent of the fluOr spar m ined in the Un ited States
comes from the reg i on . Lead and zinc a re found int he ore .
SA L EM w el c omes many v is i t ors w ho c ome t o t hesea t o f Ma rion County t o see t he b i rthpla c e andboyhood home of W i l l iam J enn ings Br y an , 4 0 8 S otttltl lrmn lw ay,
w h i c h is now ma in t a ined as a museum .
La rge oil f i elds adjacent t o the tow n cause manysupp ly c ompan ies t o ma in t a in depot s itt Sa lem .
CAVE ( 3 4 ) is a c avern of grea ts i ze on Tomca t H ill
,on the tirammer fa rm , two a ttd
o ne - hal f m i l es sou t h o f E t her t on . A grea t overhangmakes a la rge spa c e , used by out law s duringt he C iv i l W ar days .
SANBUR N is vis i t ed by flower love rs who seekthe na t u ra l fern ga rden on the c l i ffs one m i l e west .S CU
'
I‘
T FIELD ( I ) one o f the fi rs t . avia t ion tra ini ng c en t ers o f the l
'
n ited S t a t es Army , is abou t e ightm i l es east o f Bel lev i l le .
S H AW NEE LA K ES nor t heast of Shawnoe t ow n . a l ong t he river , are Black , Big , Round . LongFish . and Fcehrer L akes . Other smal l lakes are i nt he tc gion . Good fish i ng and other w ater sports at
t rac t many vis i t e is .
S I I A W NE C NAT IONAL FOREST ( shaded areas )i s itt tw o sec t ions . one on the w est s ide a t id the otheron the eas t side . of E gy pt . Under th e j ttrisdiction oft he Un ited Sta t es Forest Serv ice
,pla nt ings of new
t rees are made . cutt ings supervi sed , fi re protect ionexerc ised . and all e fforts made to extend the developmen t. o f fores t grow th ill the d ist ri ct .
S I I A W NEET OW N (new ) i s about four m I I i ’
a fromt he origina l t ow n . fa r enough from and above theO h io River to be sa fe from the flood menace . Thecourthouse . bui l t of nat i ve stone , stands at the ext reme end o f the mall. I n the cottrtroom
,a large
mura l dep i c t s the arriva l of La Faye t t e at Shaw neetown . Side panels show General Thomas Posey
, R ev
olutionary hero,and Albert Ga ll at in for w hom
t he count y was natned .
S I I A W NEET OW N has fought. the Oh io Rivert hroughout the tow n
‘
s ex ist ence . I t i s be l ow the l evelo f the ri ver. p ro t e c t ed t herefrom b y l evees . Qua intand historic. t he t own a t t rac t s the lovers o f the past .Dow nst ream from the center of the town
,aga inst the
l evee . stands the Ma rs hal l house itt w hi c h t he f i rs tbank in I l l i no i s w as opened i n 1816 . The house
,bui lt
i n 1812 , was the th i rd brick house in I l l ino is . Latert he bank w as moved to a new s t ruc t ure in the business center . E rec t ed itt 1830 . i t i s of G reek Rev iva lst y le of arch i t ecture , w it h fi ve Doric columns at thefront . Now t he proper ty of t he S t a t e
,i t i s planned to
rehabi l i t a t e it for use as a museum . In the Pusey
Bui ld ing . sou t hw est. corner o f Sta t e 13 and Ma inS t reet , Rober t G . Ingerso l l had h is law off i ce forseveral yea rs . General La Faye t t e v is ited Shaw neet ow n in 1825 . In \V estw 0 0 d Cemetery , are the gravesof Genera l Thomas Posey . of Revolut ionar y W ar
fame , and John M cL ean , the fi rst. congressman fromI l l ino is . a ttd later . Un i t ed Sta t es senator. Genera lJohn A . l\lc (
'
lernand luade h is l ieme in Shaw neetown unt i l the C iv i l W ar. The se c ond new spaper ittI l l i noi s , establ ished in 1818 , by Eddy and K immel ,w as kn own suc c essi vely as the S ha w nee Ch ief. l ll ino isEmigrant, and I llinois Gazette . About fottr tnilcs w es tof tow n stands Sagar Loaf Mound , the largest of
O ld B ank B u i ld ing , Shaw nee tow n
severa l ind ian mounds in t he v i c in i t y . T he ferrya c ross the Oh io River “as establ i shed in 18 14 . I n
1937,w hen the O h io R iver rea c hed a record he igh t .
Shaw nee t ow n su ffered severely . As a resu l t . a p lan
w as formu lated to move the tow n t o h igher groundabou t fou r m i l es d is t ant . The p lan l ias been partiallvcompl eted .
S H I N )“ i s pro t id of the Sh i l oh Method ist C hurch .
the o ldest Me t hod ist organ i za t ion in I l l ino is . organ ized in 180 7 . b y l ishop Mc lx
'
end ree .
SPA R TA w as a ver y important stat ion on t heUnderground Rai l road be fore the t
‘ i vi l W ar .
S T I L L l'lO l'
S E HOLLOW AND BLUFFSw it h a cave
,a spring . and much w i l d beaut y be c kon
t he ou t door l over t o t he reg ion abou t eigh t ntiles
sou t heas t of Harrisburg .
STONEFORT has kept as a monumen t t he m i l lstones of the o ld t larris Mi l l . sh i pped from France .brough t up t he in land ri vers . and then hauled overland hy oxen -\bou t four mi l es east of tow n are t herema ins o f a preh istoric for t or pound .
T ltas Map l e Law n t tardens on t hesout heast edge of tow n . w h i c h are no t ed for the p rodu c t ion of ita reiss ttses , da ffod i l s . j onqui l s. and peonies . T he total ou t pu t i s sold in carlo t s t o buyers in themaj or c i t i es . The he ight o f t he season is about Easter .
John A . Logan attended Locust H ill A c adem y . sou t ho f t ow n . w h i c h opera t ed from 18351 t o 184 6 .
THE B ES , a t y p i c a l sou t hern river t ow n , hangson t he Mississip p i R i ver blu ffs . l la lfw ay u p t hec l i ff c l ings t he old c ou r t house . E re c t ed itt 184 8 .
w henThebes w as the seat o f A l exander C oun t y . the landmark is used t oday as a publ i c l i bra ry . Three s t o ri esh igh on t he fron t fa c ing the ri ve r. and tw o s t oriesh igh i n t he rea r. i t i s a p i c t uresque re l i c o f the rive rdays . Edna It
‘
erber drew some of her ma t eria l forher nove l Show B ou t from t he immed ia t e vic in itv ofThebes .
TOW E R R O t‘
K app rox imatel y hal fw a y be
tw een E l i zabe t h t ow n and t 'ave in R o c k . w as know non t he in land w aters by the me n o f the paddle - w heelboats . The dis t in c t i ve rock s t and s along t he Oh ioRi ver shore .
