Russia, Ukraine and the European Energy Security

Matteo Verda

EU ENERGY MIX

natural gas24%

oil36%

coal18%

nuclear12%

renewables12%

2012 – BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2013

2013 – Eurogas, Drop in 2013 EU gas demand emphasises need for swift change

EU NATURAL GAS SUPPLY

EU domestic production

33%

Russian Federation27%

Norway23%

Algeria8%

others9%

RUSSIAN CUSTOMERS

imports from Russia

transit through Ukraine

share of Ukrainian transit

Italy 24,1 24,1 100%

Germany 38,2 11,1 29%

Czech Rep. 7,0 7,0 100%

Hungary 5,7 5,7 100%

Slovack Rep. 5,1 5,1 100%

Austria 5,0 5,0 100%

France 7,8 3,0 38%

Bulgaria 2,6 2,6 100%

Greece 2,5 2,5 100%

Romania 1,1 1,1 100%

Slovenia 0,5 0,5 100%

others 26,9 0,0 -

126,5 67,7 54%

2013 – Elaborations on GazpromExport, online database; Eurogas, online database; and (Pirani 2014)

EXPORT INFRASTRUCTURES AND UKRAINIAN TRANSIT DEPENDENCE

others 33%

gas13%

oil and oil products54%

RUSSIAN EXPORTS

2012 – UNCOMTRADE, online database

$ 69 BN

$ 170 BN

$ 285 BN

UKRAINIAN GAS SUPPLY

21 Bcm

28 Bcm

storage (-)2%

domestic production42%

imports56%

2013 – Міністерство енергетики та вугільної промисловості України, online database

1 Bcm

UKRAINIAN GAS SUPPLY (1985-2013)

Elaboration on BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2013 , and Міністерство енергетики та вугільної промисловості України, online database

BCM

imports

production

UKRAINIAN GAS CONSUMPTION PER SECTOR

23 Bcm

19 Bcm

9 Bcm

4Bcm

technical - other7%

power sector and industry

43%

residential and public sector

34%

district heating companies

16%

2013 – Elaboration on (Pirani 2014)

2012 – Elaboration on BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2013 and IMF, online database

tonnes of oil equivalent per million USD

ENERGY INTENSITY OF THE GDP