ROME ROME

CULTURAL LEGACY CULTURAL LEGACY

GREEKGREEK ROMAN ROMAN CHRISTIANITY CHRISTIANITY GERMANIC GERMANIC

ITALY TODAY ITALY TODAY

CAPITAL – ROMECAPITAL – ROME LEADER- PRIME MINISTER- LEADER- PRIME MINISTER-

BERLUSCONI BERLUSCONI ABOUT THE SIZE OF ARIZONAABOUT THE SIZE OF ARIZONA ITALY DID NOT BECOME A COUNTRY ITALY DID NOT BECOME A COUNTRY

UNTIL 1861UNTIL 1861

MAP MAP

PROBLEMS TODAY PROBLEMS TODAY

ILLEGAL IMMIGRATIONILLEGAL IMMIGRATION CORRUPTIONCORRUPTION HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT

ANCIENT ROME ANCIENT ROME

CREATED ONE OF WORLD’S LARGEST CREATED ONE OF WORLD’S LARGEST EMPIRES EMPIRES

SPAIN TO EASTERN SHORE OF SPAIN TO EASTERN SHORE OF MEDITERRANEAN MEDITERRANEAN

BRITAIN- SOUTH TO NORTH AFRICABRITAIN- SOUTH TO NORTH AFRICA MEDITERRANEAN WAS “MARE MEDITERRANEAN WAS “MARE NOSTRUM” OR “ our sea”NOSTRUM” OR “ our sea”

ROMAN EMPIRE ROMAN EMPIRE

ROMAN CIVILZATION ROMAN CIVILZATION

LASTED NEARLY 1,000 YEARSLASTED NEARLY 1,000 YEARS DIVIDED INTO TWO TIME PERIODS DIVIDED INTO TWO TIME PERIODS A) THE REPUBLIC – 509 BCE- 27 BCEA) THE REPUBLIC – 509 BCE- 27 BCE B) THE EMPIRE- 27 BCE- 476 CEB) THE EMPIRE- 27 BCE- 476 CE

WHY DID ANCIENT ROME LAST WHY DID ANCIENT ROME LAST SO LONG?SO LONG?

A) STRENGTH OF THE MILITARY A) STRENGTH OF THE MILITARY

B) A WELL CONSTRUCTED GOVERNMENTB) A WELL CONSTRUCTED GOVERNMENT

SENATUS POPOLUSQUE ROMANUS SENATUS POPOLUSQUE ROMANUS

SPQR- THE SENATE AND THE PEOPLE SPQR- THE SENATE AND THE PEOPLE OF ROME OF ROME

ROMAN GOVERNMENT EVOLOVED ROMAN GOVERNMENT EVOLOVED INTO A REPUBLIC INTO A REPUBLIC

A REPUBLIC IS A GOVERNMENT IN A REPUBLIC IS A GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE PEOPLE CHOOSE THE WHICH THE PEOPLE CHOOSE THE LEADERSLEADERS

C) EXCELLENT MEANS OF C) EXCELLENT MEANS OF COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION

D) SEVERAL WAYS TO KEEP THE D) SEVERAL WAYS TO KEEP THE PEOPLE HAPPYPEOPLE HAPPY

1. 1.

2.2.

3.3.

3.3.

4.4.

E) ROMAN ABILITY TO E) ROMAN ABILITY TO INCORPORATEINCORPORATE

(blend in) ALL THOSE PEOPLE IT (blend in) ALL THOSE PEOPLE IT CONQUEREDCONQUERED

ROMAN CIVILIZATION HELPED ROMAN CIVILIZATION HELPED TO SHAPE TO SHAPE

OUR LANGUAGE OUR LANGUAGE OUR LAWOUR LAW OUR GOVERNMENT OUR GOVERNMENT OUR ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICESOUR ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICES

ROMAN CIVILIZATION LAID THE ROMAN CIVILIZATION LAID THE FOUNDATION FOR MEDIEVAL FOUNDATION FOR MEDIEVAL CIVILIZATION CIVILIZATION

Geography of ItalyGeography of Italy

Unlike Greece, Italy is not broken up into Unlike Greece, Italy is not broken up into small, isolated valleys.small, isolated valleys.

Broad, fertile plains in the north and the Broad, fertile plains in the north and the west.west.

Why is this a good thing?Why is this a good thing?

The LatinsThe Latins

The Latins were the ancestors of the The Latins were the ancestors of the Romans and the first settlers of ItalyRomans and the first settlers of Italy

Legend holds that twin brothers, Romulus Legend holds that twin brothers, Romulus and Remus, founded Romeand Remus, founded Rome

Romans place high importance on this Romans place high importance on this legend because they were said to be sons legend because they were said to be sons of a Latin woman and the god of war, of a Latin woman and the god of war, Mars.Mars.

MarsMars

EtruscansEtruscans

Lived mostly north of Rome, shared the Lived mostly north of Rome, shared the land with the Latinsland with the Latins

Romans learned many things from the Romans learned many things from the EtruscansEtruscans

Alphabet, engineering, and use of the arch Alphabet, engineering, and use of the arch in constructionin construction

Roman ArchRoman Arch

More ArchesMore Arches

Romans Establish a RepublicRomans Establish a Republic

Drove the Etruscans out in 509 B.C.Drove the Etruscans out in 509 B.C. Republic means what?Republic means what? Senate made the laws and controlled the Senate made the laws and controlled the

governmentgovernment Patricians Patricians Appointed ConsulsAppointed Consuls supervised business supervised business

of government and command armiesof government and command armies Could only serve one termCould only serve one term

CincinnatusCincinnatus

Appointed a dictator in time of warAppointed a dictator in time of war

Cincinnatus was the most admired and Cincinnatus was the most admired and respectedrespected

Put an army together and won a battle all Put an army together and won a battle all in 15 days.in 15 days.

CincinnatusCincinnatus

PlebiansPlebians

Farmers, merchants, and artisans who Farmers, merchants, and artisans who made up most of the populationmade up most of the population

Wanted a say in governmentWanted a say in government Over time they were admitted to the Over time they were admitted to the

senatesenate Made the government more democraticMade the government more democratic

Law of 12 TablesLaw of 12 Tables

450 B.C.450 B.C. Publically displayedPublically displayed Before this, Plebians had protested that Before this, Plebians had protested that

citizens could not know what the laws citizens could not know what the laws were because they were not written downwere because they were not written down

Roman SocietyRoman Society

Males (Fathers) held absolute powerMales (Fathers) held absolute power

Women played larger role compared to Women played larger role compared to Greek societyGreek society

Over time they gained, more accepted Over time they gained, more accepted status and attended public baths, dined status and attended public baths, dined out, and attended the theatreout, and attended the theatre

Roman Mythology and ReligionRoman Mythology and Religion

Believed in many gods and goddessesBelieved in many gods and goddesses Main god was Jupiter, who ruled over the Main god was Jupiter, who ruled over the

sky and other godssky and other gods

JunoJuno Jupiter’s wife protected marriage Jupiter’s wife protected marriage NeptuneNeptune god of the sea god of the sea MarsMars god of war god of war

From Republic to EmpireFrom Republic to Empire

Chapter 5: Section 2Chapter 5: Section 2

The Punic WarsThe Punic Wars

MapMap

The Punic WarsThe Punic Wars

Would consist of 3 warsWould consist of 3 wars

Rome vs. CarthageRome vs. Carthage

Rome dominates the first Punic War and Rome dominates the first Punic War and won the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and won the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and SardiniaSardinia

Punic WarsPunic Wars

22ndnd Punic War Punic War

Carthaginians seek revengeCarthaginians seek revenge Were led by HannibalWere led by Hannibal Hannibal had dozens of war elephants in Hannibal had dozens of war elephants in

his armyhis army Sent his army on a long march through Sent his army on a long march through

France and over the Alps into Italy. Lost France and over the Alps into Italy. Lost 1/3 of army1/3 of army

Was a complete surprise to the RomansWas a complete surprise to the Romans

War ElephantsWar Elephants

22ndnd Punic War cont.. Punic War cont..

Would win battle after battle for 15 yearsWould win battle after battle for 15 years Not able to capture RomeNot able to capture Rome Long march to Italy would backfire Long march to Italy would backfire

because Romans sent an army to because Romans sent an army to Carthage while Hannibal was awayCarthage while Hannibal was away

Romans were able to win once againRomans were able to win once again

33rdrd Punic War Punic War

Romans were out to destroy Carthage Romans were out to destroy Carthage once and for allonce and for all

““Carthage must be destroyed”Carthage must be destroyed” No mercy, survivors were either killed or No mercy, survivors were either killed or

sold into slaverysold into slavery Poured salt over the earth to make sure Poured salt over the earth to make sure

nothing ever grew againnothing ever grew again Rome now ruled the MediterraneanRome now ruled the Mediterranean

RomeRome

Rome is now the most powerful city in the Rome is now the most powerful city in the MediterraneanMediterranean

Rome actually controlled all of the Rome actually controlled all of the following areas, Greece, Macedonia, following areas, Greece, Macedonia, Spain, and EgyptSpain, and Egypt

Was much more than just a cityWas much more than just a city

Impact at HomeImpact at Home

Many people got rich in RomeMany people got rich in Rome

As they conquered more lands, they As they conquered more lands, they forced the people to work as slavesforced the people to work as slaves

Wealthy families bought huge farming Wealthy families bought huge farming estates called latifundiaestates called latifundia

Attempts at ReformAttempts at Reform

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were the Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were the first to attempt reformfirst to attempt reform

Specific ReformsSpecific Reforms

Wanted the state to give land to poor Wanted the state to give land to poor farmersfarmers

Use public funds to buy food for the poorUse public funds to buy food for the poor

Angered the Senate of Rome who saw Angered the Senate of Rome who saw them as a threat…had them and their them as a threat…had them and their followers killedfollowers killed

Roman Republic DeclinesRoman Republic Declines

A series of civil wars break outA series of civil wars break out

Power struggle between the Senate and Power struggle between the Senate and reformersreformers

The citizen soldiers of Rome would play a The citizen soldiers of Rome would play a major rolemajor role

Citizen SoldiersCitizen Soldiers

Their loyalty was to their commanders, not Their loyalty was to their commanders, not to Rometo Rome

Became a professional armyBecame a professional army