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E-Mandi- Electronic Vegetable Market

intermediates between the farmer and consumer. $y using the E Mandi system

there will be direct communication between the farmer and government

recogni%ed fruit and vegetables agencies. ow a days in kerala price of

agricultural products increased vastly when comes to consumer. Even though,

most of the times farmers does not get the actual revenue for the products as

they e*peted. This problem is due to a number of factors. The number of

intermediate involved to e*change may cause the cost of the product to rise as it

reaches the consumers. +ue to the ineffective route informations the transport

service e*penses may increase. The lack of information between demand and

supply can result in lack of profits. The inade"uate market information also

makes it difficult for the farmers to keep up with the changing needs of

customers. These all are the problems faced by the farmers and agencies in now

days. !erala government provides some benefitable things for farmers through

e-krishi proect but this system is a new one for increasing efficiency of

agriculture in kerala

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

E-Mandi is mainly focused on improving the efficiency in

agricultural trade for farmers. The overnment agencies also benifit from this

through trade information. The main obectives it focuses on are

To build close relationship among farmers and government recogni%ed

fruits and vegetable agencies. #lso increase the number of contacts

between them.

To provide efficient way to sell #griculture products.

/et farmers to specify their own pricing rate depending on the ongoing

market rate and give a reasonable price to his0her product. 1armers get

price alerts using the SMS and also through referring website. 'hinmaya &nstitute (f Technology 2


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To provide bidding facility for buying the products, this facility is for

government recogni%ed fruits and vegetable agencies and this leads to

advantage for farmers.

3rovide root map and distance facility.

3.1 PURPOSE

The purpose of E-Mandi system is to create a close

relationship between farmers and government recogni%ed fruits and vegetable

agencies to sell and buy agricultural products.The system is it can be useful for

vegco, horticorp and other government recogni%ed fruits and vegetable agencies

to collect products from different places with the root map and distance facility.

3.2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of E mandi system is solving the problems that

farmers facing at the time of selling products and the system is useful for

government recogni%ed fruits and vegetable agencies to collect products from

different places. The E- Mandi system is applicable for every government

recogni%ed fruits and vegetable agencies in kerala and also for farmers. 1armers

can also use the benefit of this system through #kshaya and other #griculture

office without money.

3.3 EXISTING AND PROPOSED SYSTEM

Exi!in" S#!$%&

&n !erala price of agricultural products increased vastly when

comes to consumer. Even though, most of the times farmers does not get the

actual revenue for the products as they e*pected. This problem is due to 'hinmaya &nstitute (f Technology 4


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umber of intermediates involved to e*change.

5ighest transport service e*penses.

The contacts farmers have with market are less. Even the e*isting

contacts are based on telephone conversations.

/ack of market information.

+ifficulty in establishing an effective route to market.

/ack of knowledge on demand and supply.

P'()($d S#!$%&

The E Mandi 6Electronic Vegetable Market7 system is mainly

focused on establishing direct communication between farmers and government

recogni%ed fruits and vegetable agencies. This system reduces the price of

agricultural products for the end consumers by decreasing the intermediate. The

system is mainly a web based system . #ny registered user can get to know theprices of commodity via SMS or referring website. #ll the farmers can give

information about their products and government agencies can bid on that

product. The system also displays a route map and the distance to the respective

farmer involved in the bidding process. #fter completing the closing date of

bidding the system automatically generates a agreement certificate and send

through mail to both the parties. overnment agencies can also give their

re"uirements. The administrator is allowed to view the comments of the farmers

and agencies.

3.* SALIENT FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM

The salient features of the system are

The system gives route map information on farmers, based on which

agencies can bid for a particular product. 'hinmaya &nstitute (f Technology 8


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#t the bidding time the farmers are sorted based on least distance and

ma*imum "uantity.

#fter the bidding system generates an agreement certificate and is mailed

to both parties involved in the process.

SMS alert facility is provided.

The comments by the farmers can be viewed by an agency and vice versa.

#dmin can view all the comments based on the bids as well as date and the

last comment will be visible on the top of the list.

*. SOFT+ARE RE,UIREMENT ANALYSIS

E Mandi is mainly focused on improving the efficiency in

agricultural trade for farmers. The overnment agencies also benifit from this

through trade information. The main obectives it focuses on are

To build close relationship among farmers and government recogni%ed fruits

and vegetable agencies. #lso increase the number of contacts between them.

To provide efficient way to sell #griculture products.

/et farmers to specify their own pricing rate depending on the ongoing

market rate and give a reasonable price to his0her product. 1armers get price

alerts using the SMS and also through referring website.

To provide bidding facility for buying the products, this facility is for

government recogni%ed fruits and vegetable agencies and this leads to

advantage for farmers.

*.1 PRO-LEM DEFINITION

&n kerala price of agricultural products increased vastly

when comes to consumer. Even though, most of the times farmers does not

get the actual revenue for the products as they e*peted. This problem is due 'hinmaya &nstitute (f Technology 9


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to a number of factors. The number of intermediate involved to e*change

may cause the cost of the product to rise as it reaches the consumers. +ue to

the ineffective route informations the transport service e*penses may

increase. The lack of information between demand and supply can result in

lack of profits. The inade"uate market information also makes it difficult for

the farmers to keep up with the changing needs of customers. $y using the

e-mandi system, these problems can be solved.

*.2 FEASI-ILITY ANALYSIS

5aving understood the e*isting software and specified

obective of the proposed software the alternative software is investigated. #

feasibility analysis is performed to choose the software that meets the

performance at least cost. The main aim of feasibility study activity is to

determine whether it would be functionally and technically feasible to

develop the product. The feasibility study involves the analysis of theproblem and collection of relevant information relating to the product such

as different data items which would be the input to the system, the

processing re"uired to be carried out on these data, the output data re"uired

to be produced by the system. # feasibility study is a rest of the system

proposal according to its working, impact on the organi%ation, ability to meet

users, need and effective use of resources. The obective of the feasibility

study is ac"uiring the sense of the scope of the system.

Three essential considerations involved in the feasibility study are

: (perational feasibility

: Technical feasibility

: Economical feasibility

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O)$'a!i(na F$ai/ii!#

(perational feasibility is dependent on human resources available

for the proect and involves proecting whether the system will be used if it is

developed and implemented. (perational feasibility is a measure of how well

a proposed system solves the problems, and takes advantage of the

opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the

re"uirements identified during the re"uirements analysis phase carried out

earlier.

The E-Mandi system would provide end users with timely,

accurate and useful formatted information. $y using the E-Mandi, the

farmers and government agencies sell and buy product with reliable way.

T$0ni0a F$ai/ii!#

# large part of determining resources has to do with assessing

technical feasibility. &t considers the technical re"uirements of the proposedproect. The technical re"uirements are then compared to the technical

capability of the environment where it is to be deployed. The systems proect

is considered technically feasible if the environment technical capability is

sufficient to support the proect re"uirements.

The current technical resources can be upgraded or added to make

the proect feasible within the limits of current technology. The language

selected for coding is php. &t is feasible to develop a user-friendly interface

using 353, 'SS, / server. +ream=eaver provide technical

guarantee of accuracy, reliability is of access and data security. Thus since

both the hardware and the software re"uirement are satisfied, it is

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technically feasible.

E0(n(%i0 F$ai/ii!#

Economic analysis could also be referred to as cost0benefit

analysis. &t is the most fre"uently used method for evaluating the

effectiveness of a new system. &n economic analysis the procedure is to

determine the benefits and savings that are e*pected from a candidate system

and compare them with costs. &f benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is

made to design and implement the system. This E Mandi system is e*pected to give long term benefits as the

product delivery and farmer satisfaction will improve. &n the long run

farmers can be saved from the intermediaries who e*tract more profit from

them. The farmers can register through already e*isting governmental

agencies such as #!S5#@# and #grcultural +epartment. The already

e*isting staff can be utili%ed for this programme. The computer hardwareand internet connection is already available at centers, which can be utili%ed.

The additional cost would be incurred in the training of the staff and nothing

else. The cost of printing bulky registers can be saved. The proect does not

involve any special hardware other than standard specifications. So it is

economically feasible to implement the proect within the available budget.

*.3 METHODOLOGY

The &ncremental model is used to develop this proect

because the re"uirements could not completely be free%e at the proect start.

The system was to be designed from the currently known re"uirements and

then adaptations has to be made to the developed system. &n incremental

model the whole re"uirement is divided into various builds. Multiple

development cycles take place here, making the life cycle a Amulti-waterfallB 'hinmaya &nstitute (f Technology C


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cycle. 'ycles are divided up into smaller, more easily managed modules.

Each module passes through the re"uirements, design, implementation and

testing phases. # working version of software is produced during the first

module, so you have working software early on during the software life

cycle. Each subse"uent release of the module adds function to the previous

release. The process continues till the complete system is achieved.

+$n !( $ !$ In0'$%$n!a %(d$&

De"uirements of the complete system are clearly defined and understood.

Maor re"uirements must be defined however, some details can evolve

with time.There are some high risk features and goals.

Adan!a"$ (4 In0'$%$n!a %(d$&

enerates working software "uickly and early during the software life

cycle.

More fle*ible F less costly to change scope and re"uirements.

Easier to test and debug during a smaller iteration.

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'ustomer can respond to each built.

/owers initial delivery cost.

Easier to manage risk because risky pieces are identified and handled during

itHd iteration.

*.* SOFT+ARE AND HARD+ARE RE,UIREMENTS

Ha'd5a'$ R$6i'$%$n!

3rocessor &ntel 3rocessor 5igher Than &ntel 'ore2 +uo.

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S(4!5a'$ R$6i'$%$n!

(perating System =indows (s 0 /inu* (s

1ront End php

$ack End Mys"l Server

3latform +ream=eaver

=eb Servers =#M3 Server

T$'% and T$'%in(("#

PHP

353 is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to

server-side web development where 353 generally runs on a web server.

#ny 353 code in a re"uested file is e*ecuted by the 353 runtime, usually to

create dynamic web page content or dynamic images used on =eb sites or

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elsewhere. &t can also be used for command-line scripting and client-side

graphical user interface 6J&7 applications. 353 can be deployed on most

=eb servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with

many relational database management systems 6D+$MS7. &t is available free

of charge, and the 353 roup provides the complete source code for users to

build, customi%e and e*tend for their own use.

M#S,L

The database server used for doing this proect is MyS>/. MyS>/ isthe worldKs most used open source relational database management system

that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases.

MyS>/ is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a

central component of the widely used /#M3 open source web application

software stack 6and other K#M3K stacks7. /#M3 is an acronym for L/inu*,

#pache, MyS>/, and 3erl035303ython.L 1ree-software-open source proects

that re"uire a full-featured database management system often use MyS>/.

+AMP SERVER

The acronym =#M3 refers to a set of free 6open source7 applications,

combined with Microsoft =indows, which are commonly used in =eb server

environments. The =#M3 stack provides developers with the four key

elements of a =eb server an operating system, database, =eb server and

=eb scripting software. The combined usage of these programs is called a

server stack. &n this stack, Microsoft =indows is the operating system 6(S7,

#pache is the =eb server, MyS>/ handles the database components, while

353, 3ython, or 3ED/ represents the dynamic scripting languages.

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*.7 USECASE DIAGRAMS

The E-Mandi system is useful for both the farmers and

government recogni%ed fruits and vegetable agencies.

This system is used by three types of users. They are

#dministrator

1armers

overnment recogni%ed fruits and vegetable agencies.

Fa'%$'&

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7. SOFT+ARE DESIGN

Software design usually involves problem solving and

planning a software solution. This includes both low-level component and

algorithm design and high-level, architecture design.Software design is the

process of implementing software solutions to one or more set of problems. (ne

of the important parts of software design is the software re"uirements analysis

6SD#7. &t is a part of the software development process that lists specifications

used in software engineering.

7.1 UML DIAGRAMS

Jnified Modeling /anguage is a standardi%ed,

general-purpose modeling language in the field of software engineering. The

Jnified Modeling /anguage includes a set of graphic notation techni"ues to

create visual models of obect-oriented software-intensive systems.

7.1.1 DATA FLO+ DIAGRAMS

The +1+ is also known as the bubble chart. &t is a

simple graphical formalism that can be used to represent a system in terms of

the input data to the system, various processing carried out in these data and the

output data generated by the system. Starting with a set of high-level functions

that a system performance of +1+ model in hierarchically it represents various

sub functions. &n a normal convention, logical +1+ can be completed using

only four notations

Depresents source or destination of data

Depresents +ata 1low

Depresents a process that transforms incoming data into outgoing data



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Depresents +ata Source

Fn0!i(n S#%/(

# function is represented using a circle. This symbol is called a process

or a bubble. $ubbles are annotated with the names of corresponding functions.

Ex!$'na En!i!# S#%/(

#n e*ternal entity such as a librarian, library member etc is represented

by a rectangle. The e*ternal entities are essentially those physical entities

e*ternal to the software system, which interact with the system by inputting data

to the system or by consuming the data produced by the system.

Da!a F(5 S#%/(

# directed arc or an arrow is used as a +ata 1low Symbol. This

represents the data flow occurring between two processes or between an

e*ternal entity and a process in direction of the +ata 1low #rrow. +ata 1lowsymbols are annotated with corresponding data names.

Da!a S!('$ S#%/(

# +ata Store represents a logical file it is represented using two parallel

lines. # logical file can represent either +ata Store Symbol, which can represent

either data structure or a physical file on disk.

O!)! S#%/(

The output symbol is used when a hardcopy is produced and the user of

the copies cannot be clearly specified or there are several users of the output.

The +1+ at the simplest level is referred to as the 'onte*t #nalysis

+iagram. These are e*panded by level, each e*plaining in process in detail.

3rocesses are numbered for easy identification and are normally labeled in block

letters. Each data flow is labeled for easy understanding.

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C(n!$x! Dia"'a%

The conte*t diagram is the most abstract data flow representation of a

system. &t represents the entire system as a single bubble. This bubble is labeled

according to the main function of the system. The various e*ternal entities with

the system interact and the data input to the system and the data output from the

system are represented as incoming and outgoing arrows. These data flow

arrows should be annotated with the corresponding data names.

L$$81 DFD

To develop the /EVE/-) +1+, e*amine the high level functional

re"uirements. &t is between three to seven high-level functional re"uirements

then these can be directly represented as bubbles as in the /EVE/-) +1+. =e

can e*amine the input data to these functions and the data output by these

functions, and represent them appropriately in the diagram.

P'(0$d'$ !( d$$() a DFD %(d$ (4 a #!$%&1. The SDS document is e*amined to determine

: +ifferent high-level functions that the system need to perform.

: +ata input to every high-level function

: +ata output from every high-level functions

: &nteractions among the identified high-level functions

These aspects of the high-level functions are then represented in a diagrammatic

form.This forms the top level +ata 1low +iagram, usually called +1+.

2. The high-level functions described in the SDS +ocuments, and then each

of the high-level functions can be represented in form of a bubble. Each

high-level function is decomposed into constituent subfunctions through the

following set of activities.

: +ifferent sub functions of the high-level functions are identified.

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: +ata input to each of these sub functions is identified.

: +ata output from each of these sub functions is identified.

: &nteractions among these sub functions are identified.

These aspects are then represented in a diagrammatic form using a +1+.

4. Step three is repeated recursively for each sub function until a simple

algorithm can represent a sub function.

Da!a 4(5 dia"'a% &

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7.2 DATA-ASE DESIGN

The system is implemented in such a way that all the valid

informationHs are stored in the database. +atabase design converts the data

model developed in logical designing to database definition. This is supported

by database software. The management of data involves baoh the definition of

structure of the storage of information and provision of mechanism for the

manipulation of information. &n addition database system must provide safety of

information handle, despite the system crashes due to attempts of unauthori%ed

access.

# database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum

redundancy to serve many users "uickly and efficiently. &n database design,

several views of data must be considered along with the person who users them.

The logical view is what the data look like, regardless of how they are stored.

The physical view is the way data e*ist in physical storage.

Tables are carefully designed aiming to achieve its main obectives

ie, to make information access easy, "uick, ine*pensive and fle*ible for

user.+atabase design is the process of producing a detailed data model of a

database. This logical data model contains all the needed logical and physical

design choices and physical storage parameters needed to generate a design in a

+ata +efinition /anguage, which can then be used to create a database. # fully

attributed data model contains detailed attributes for each entity.The term database design can be used to describe many different

parts of the design of an overall database system. 3rincipally, and most

correctly, it can be thought of as the logical design of the base data structures

used to store the data. &n the relational model these are the tables and views. &n

an obect database the entities and relationships map directly to obect classes

and named relationships. 5owever, the term database design could also be used

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to apply to the overall process of designing, not ust the base data structures, but

also the forms and "ueries used as part of the overall database application within

the database management system.

7.2.1 E8R DIAGRAMS

#n ED diagram is a diagram that helps to design

databases in an efficient way. The E-D diagram for the E-Mandi system as

follows

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