Rival City-States:Rival City-States:Athens versus Athens versus SpartaSparta

SpartSpartaa

““Come back with your shield or Come back with your shield or on it”on it”

DevelopmenDevelopmentt

•Located on the Located on the Peloponnesus Peloponnesus Peninsula Peninsula

•Founded by Founded by descendants of Doriansdescendants of Dorians

•Militaristic societyMilitaristic society•HelotsHelots

•Founded Founded on the on the principle principle that the that the life of life of EVERY INDIVIDUALEVERY INDIVIDUAL belonged belonged to the stateto the state

•Militaristic OligarchyMilitaristic Oligarchy

GovernmenGovernmentt

•OligarchyOligarchy•Kings (2):Kings (2):•Religious, judicial Religious, judicial

& military duties & military duties•Ephors (5):Ephors (5):•Day-to-day operationsDay-to-day operations•Could veto any law; had the Could veto any law; had the

most political powermost political power

GovernmeGovernmentnt

GovernmenGovernmentt

•Council of EldersCouncil of Elders::•Proposed laws; at least Proposed laws; at least

60 years old 60 years old•AssemblyAssembly::•Voted on laws; all Spartan Voted on laws; all Spartan

men over the age of 30men over the age of 30

Social ClassSocial Class•Spartiates (citizens)Spartiates (citizens)::•Landowners & nobles (5%)Landowners & nobles (5%)•PerioeciPerioeci::•Free men; often foreign Free men; often foreign

artisans & merchantsartisans & merchants•HelotsHelots::•Slaves/serfsSlaves/serfs

•Women were Women were expected to be expected to be healthy & strong so healthy & strong so that they could that they could bear strong bear strong childrenchildren

•Trained in gymnastics, Trained in gymnastics, wrestling & boxingwrestling & boxing

Status of Status of WomenWomen

Status of WomenStatus of Women•Although they were respected Although they were respected

in Spartan society, women in Spartan society, women COULD NOT participate in COULD NOT participate in governmentgovernment

•Primary purposePrimary purpose::•Produce soldiersProduce soldiers•Military training Military training

began at age 7began at age 7•Entered the military Entered the military

at age 18at age 18

Education/Education/TrainingTraining

Education/Education/TrainingTraining

•Trained to read, Trained to read, write & use write & use weaponsweapons

•Taught to steal, Taught to steal, but not get caughtbut not get caught

•Harsh training: no Harsh training: no shoes, sometimes shoes, sometimes no clothingno clothing

Spartan ValuesSpartan Values•Duty Duty •HonorHonor•BraveryBravery•ObedienceObedience•EnduranceEndurance•StrengthStrength•Self-RelianceSelf-Reliance

•ModestyModesty•CunningCunning•DevotionDevotion•SuccessSuccess•Military Military

PowerPower•ConformityConformity

AthenAthenss

•Located on the Located on the Attica Attica Peninsula Peninsula (north of (north of Sparta)Sparta)

•Descended from Descended from the Mycenaeans the Mycenaeans

DevelopmeDevelopmentnt

•AssemblyAssembly::•Passed laws Passed laws

& decided & decided public issues public issues

•ALL free men over the age of ALL free men over the age of 18 could participate 18 could participate

•DUTYDUTY

GovernmenGovernmentt

•Council of Council of 500500::

•Drafted & Drafted & proposed lawsproposed laws

•Oversaw meetings of the Oversaw meetings of the assemblyassembly

•Members chosen by lottery once Members chosen by lottery once a yeara year

GovernmeGovernmentnt

•OstracismOstracism::• If a If a

politician’s politician’s name name appeared on appeared on 6,000 ostraca 6,000 ostraca they would be they would be EXILED!!!EXILED!!!

GovernmeGovernmentnt

Social ClassSocial Class•CitizensCitizens::•All free men born in Athens All free men born in Athens

(50%)(50%)•MeticsMetics::•Non-Athenians/aliensNon-Athenians/aliens•No land, but paid taxesNo land, but paid taxes•Could NEVER become citizensCould NEVER become citizens

Social Social ClassClass

•SlavesSlaves::•Considered property Considered property •Protection under the Protection under the

law law•Could move up to Metic classCould move up to Metic class•33% of population33% of population

•No formal No formal education; learned education; learned household duties household duties from mother from mother

•Married between 13-15 Married between 13-15 •Primary purpose was to have Primary purpose was to have

childrenchildren

Status of Status of WomenWomen

Status of Status of WomenWomen

•NO legal rightsNO legal rights•Could NOT Could NOT

participate in participate in government; government; expected to stay expected to stay out of the out of the business of menbusiness of men

•Entered school at Entered school at 7; graduated 7; graduated at 18at 18

•Studied arithmetic, Studied arithmetic, drawing, music, drawing, music, gymnastics, gymnastics, rhetoric, rhetoric, literature, etc. literature, etc.

Education/Education/TrainingTraining

Education/Education/TrainingTraining

•At age 18 men served in the At age 18 men served in the military for 2 years military for 2 years

•Ephebic OathEphebic Oath::•Pledge of loyalty to Athens & Pledge of loyalty to Athens &

to good citizenshipto good citizenship

• Healthy mind & Healthy mind & bodybody

• BeautyBeauty• IndividualityIndividuality• Balance & Balance &

proportionproportion

• HonorHonor• AthleticismAthleticism• Loyalty & pride Loyalty & pride • Wit & humorWit & humor• PhilosophyPhilosophy• Debate among Debate among

citizenscitizens

Athenian Athenian ValuesValues