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Risk and Situation Update of Recent Landslide in Majalengka District

CENTER FOR VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGICAL HAZARD MITIGATION

GEOLOGICAL AGENCYMINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

By Dr. Surono

Basic concept of disaster management and basic knowledge on landslidephenomena in Indonesia was introduced to improve the understanding andawareness, so that they can be further motivated and empowered todevelop effective disaster management as well as public educationprograms. Therefore, mitigation system is a crucial step towardsempowerment of human resources to guarantee the sustainable life andenvironment in the landslide vulnerable area..

The landslide hazard mitigation strategy at Center for Volcanology andGeological Hazard Mitigation, Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy andMineral Resources aim to reduce number of live, socio and economicslosses caused by Landslide. The step of the strategy are: LandslideSusceptibility Mapping, Early Warning System, Monitoring Landslide,Socialization and Sending Quick Respond Team

Landslide Hazard Mitigation Strategy

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Landslide Susceptibility Mapping.Landslide susceptibility Mapping normally based on regency administration withscale 1 : 100.000. This Map developed by Ilwiss 3.3 program under windows andMap Info version 8. The aims of this method are to identify potential area and highsusceptibility of landslide and factors controlling the susceptibility of landslide

Early Warning System.The main procedure of early warning system on landslide is by sending thepotential landslide map based on overlaying between landslide susceptibility mapand monthly rainfall prediction (from BMKG). This map send monthly to localgovernment which is located on the potential area of landslide and we uploaded inhttp://www.vsi.esdm.go.id every month.

Landslide MonitoringThe aim of monitoring landslide in is to know the activities of landslide based ondirection, intensity, velocity of land movement. The monitoring landslide in CVGHMoffice is using GPS, extensiometer, piezometer.

SocializationBasic concept of disaster management and basic knowledge on geohazardphenomena in Indonesia is to improve the understanding and awareness, so theycan be further motivated and empowered to develop effective geological hazarddisaster management as well as public education programs. Therefore,socialization is a crucial step towards empowerment of human resources toguarantee the sustainable life and environment in the geohazard vulnerable area.

Sending Quick Respond TeamQuick respond team will come to landslide hazard, They will give the technicalrecommendation to prevent the landslide and reduce the impact of landslidehazard .

a b Figure 1. (a) Landslide located inCampaka District, Cianjur Regency,West Java caused 13 peoples died,4 peoples injured ,30 housesdestroyed and 24 hoses threaten(November 14, 2008). (b) Landslidelocated in Campakamulya District,Cianjur Regency, West Javacaused, 98 houses destroyed ,37hoses threaten and 20 ha Valleydestroyed (November 15, 2008).

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Very low

Low

HighLocal government and Community ResponseAt Landslide Susceptibility Area

Free Building

Landslide potential occurs;Infrastructure and settlement

Without cut of slope andslope disturbance

Aware in high intensity of rainfall

High potential of landslide;Restricted Vital and Strategic

InfrastructureAware in high intensity of

rainfall

LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP

Free Building for settlement,Not live on a river bar area

Medium

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LANDSLIDE MONITORING Criteria: Settlements, Vital and strategis road (examples;

Bogor-Puncak-Cianjur, Sumedang, Majenang-Wangon) Aims ; To know activity of landslide based on direction,

velocity of landslide movement, to reduce socio-economics impact of landslide

Method: Monitoring by using GPS (Global Positioning System) Result: Rate of landslide movement and technical

recommendation

example: New road at Ciloto and slope stabilization at Citatah, West Java is recommendation from CVGHM

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Aim and objectivity

• Landside hazard early warning system

• Information of susceptibility to landslide zone

• To calm down community in the landslide area

• To improve understanding and awareness on geohazard phenomena as well as on the importance of local community, local governments, decision makers and public education.

• Develop appropriate strategy and program for public education.

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Landslide Susceptibility map

Rainfall estimation map

Overlay map of Landslide Susceptibility

Landslide early warning system

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No Provinsi Kabupaten

/Kota

Kecamatan Potensi Terjadi Gerakan Tanah

1. JAWA BARAT BOGOR CIAWI Menengah TENJO Menengah

PARUNGPANJANG

Menengah

RUMPIN Menengah-Tinggi

CIGUDEG Menengah-Tinggi

LEUWILIANG Menengah-Tinggi

NANGGUNG Menengah-Tinggi

CIBUNGBULANG

Menengah-Tinggi

CIAMPEA Menengah-Tinggi

CIOMAS Menengah

CILEUNGSI BAG. SELATAN

Menengah

CARINGIN Menengah

CIJERUK Menengah

MEGAMENDUNG

Menengah

SEMPLAK Menengah

CISARUA Menengah

BABAKANMADANG

Menengah-Tinggi

CITEUREUP Menengah-Tinggi

JONGGOL Menengah-Tinggi

CARIU Menengah-Tinggi

JASINGA Menengah-Tinggi

KODYA BOGOR

BOGOR SELATAN

Menengah

SUKABUMI PARAKANSALAK Menengah - TinggiCISOLOK Menengah - TinggiPARUNGKUDA Menengah - TinggiKELAPANUNGGAL Menengah - TinggiCIBADAK Menengah - Tinggi

Berpotensi Banjir Bandang

BAROS Menengah - TinggiKABANDUNGAN Menengah - TinggiCIDAHU Menengah - TinggiCICURUG Menengah - TinggiNYALINDUNG Menengah - TinggiCIDOLOG Menengah - TinggiCIEMAS Menengah SUKARAJA Menengah - Tinggi

Berpotensi Banjir Bandang

KEDUDAMPIT Menengah Berpotensi Banjir Bandang

TEGALBULEUD Menengah - TinggiPELABUHAN RATU

Menengah - Tinggi

CISAAT Menengah - TinggiPABUARAN Menengah NAGRAK Menengah - TinggiSUKABUMI Menengah - TinggiPURABAYA Menengah - TinggiKALIBUNDER Menengah - TinggiSAGARANTEN Menengah - TinggiJAMPANG TENGAH

Menengah - Tinggi

JAMPANGKULON MenengahLENGKONG Menengah - TinggiCIKEMBAR Menengah - TinggiCIKIDANG Menengah - TinggiWARUNGKIARA Menengah - TinggiSURADE Menengah - TinggiCIRACAP Menengah KELAPANUNGGAL Menengah - TinggiGEGERBINTUNG Menengah - Tinggi

Landslide Impacts with or without debris flow

• Infrastructures damaged (houses, building, transportation, bridge, agriculture, and irrigation)

• Geological and environment damaged (fracture, creeping and slump)

• Lost of human life caused by collapsed of buildings, material buried

• Seriously Injured (broken bone)

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LANDSLIDE AT CIPULARANG HIGHWAYS

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Statistic of Landslides in Indonesia

LANDSLIDES IN INDONESIA 2005 - 2012 PERIOD

YEARS EVENT D I DH D TH P (Ha) R (m)

2005 51 243 22 532 283 788 557 1370

2006 82 591 276 2050 276 910 5707 39210

2007 101 312 498 136 195 225 45 773

2008 139 88 23 1553 253 1555 164 508

2009  161 659 237 2379 513 1177 7 3061

2010  199 470 139 2831 491 1682 171 1501

2011 82 126 39 5939 311 265 5.5 4151

2012 124 136 122 2958 308 808 1414.7 6750

Keterangan:

D : Peolpe Died TH : Threatened Houses

I : People Injured P : Plantattion Damaged

DH : Damaged Houses R : Road damaged

D : Destroyed Houses

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PROVINCES EVENT D I DB DsT TB DA DOB Valley ROAD IR

Jawa Barat 29 27 7 708 38 60 2 5.5 330

Jawa Tengah 13 20 15 58 32 88 5 1

Jawa Timur 13 11 10 18 4 100 3 2 50

D.I. Yogyakarta 2 2 1 1 3 2

Bali 2 3 800

NTT 1 2300

NTB 3 2 1 4196 70 3 21

Sulawesi Utara 2 3 70 1

Sulawesi Selatan 1 3 4 1

Sulawesi Tengah 2 9 804 93 10 10 300

Sumatera Utara 3 11 2 37 15

Sumatera Barat 5 13 81 32 350

Sumatera Selatan 1 4 1

Gorontalo 1

Aceh 1 13 4

Maluku 3 5 1

TOTAL 82 126 39 5939 311 265 27 13 5.5 4151 0

Explanation :

D : Dead DsT : Destroyed Buildings DOB: Destroyed another buildings

I : Injured TB : Threaten Buildings IR : Irigation

DB : Damage Buildings DA : Damage another buildings

Statistic of Landslides in Indonesia 2011 Period

Landslides Event in Indonesia 2012 Period

PROVINCE EVENTDIED INJURED

HOUSES

DAMAGED DESTROYED THREATENED

Jawa Barat 62 36 41 720 108 756Jawa Tengah 9 4 15 15Jawa Timur 9 4 1 18 4Bali 5 9 4 5 2Banten 2 25 5 17Papua 1 1 2 1NTB 2 10NTT 2 728Sumatera Barat 8 5 6 337 67Sumatera Utara 4 6 1 4Sulawesi Utara 3 4 4 317 19Sulawesi Tengah 1 4 57 622 51Sulawesi Barat 2 29 6 4Jambi 1 1 1Aceh 2 150 14Kalimantan Timur 1 4 1Lampung 2Maluku 8 29 7 13 13 25

TOTAL  124 136 122 2958 308 808

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Landslides event 2013  Periode (up to april 22nd2013)

PROVINCE EVENTDIED

HOUSES

INJURED DAMAGED DESTROYED THREANTENED

Jawa Barat 50 39 14 337 35 231Jawa Tengah 9 7 11 51 6Jawa Timur 3 13Banten 2 1 3 13 4Bali 1NTB 1 14NTT 1Sumatera Barat 1 20 4 12Sumatera Utara 2Sumatera Selatan 3 9 3 3 0 2Sulawesi Utara 2 14 4500 12Sulawesi Tengah

Sulawesi Barat

Jambi 1 5 4Aceh 3Papua 2 4 2 10Lampung

Maluku 1TOTAL  82 99 41 4928 63 252

Jawa Barat61%

Jawa Tengah11%

Jawa Timur4%

Banten2%

Bali1%

NTB1%

NTT1%

Sumatera Barat1%

Sumatera Utara2%

Sumatera Selatan4%

Sulawesi Utara2%

Sulawesi Tengah0% Sulawesi Barat

0%

Jambi1%

Aceh4% Papua

2% Lampung0%Maluku

1%

Landslides Event in Indonesia 2013 Period

Jawa Barat39%

Jawa Tengah7%

Jawa Timur0%

Banten1%

Bali0%

NTB0%

NTT0%

Sumatera Barat20%

Sumatera Utara0%

Sumatera Selatan9%

Sulawesi Utara14%

Sulawesi Tengah0%

Sulawesi Barat0%

Jambi5% Aceh

0%

Papua4% Lampung

0%

Maluku0%

People Killed in 2013 Period

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Problem Facing in IndonesiaLandslide hazard map already published and socialized to public concerning

geological disaster management, and mitigation effort already done in Indonesia. Unfortunately if the lost of human victims still occurs in Indonesia, casualties are

remain high. This condition can be explained as follow: (1) Settlements and public activity still growing in medium – high susceptibility area to landslide.

(2) Landslide Susceptibility Map and Early Warning System not optimally used as a database for land use planning and regional development based on geological hazard threat. (3) Early education in school concerning the

geological hazard as a part hazard management, formally not yet included in the curriculum.

Activities UndertakenCollecting data of monthly rain intensity prediction from Geophysic and Meteorological

Agency, Analysis Landslide Prediction Map based on Overlay between Landslide Susceptibility Map and monthly rain intensity prediction, continues monitoring of

landslide, Landslide Susceptibility Maping at Eastern of Indonesia.

Major achievementsBased on our prediction 90 % landslide located on medium to high potential of

landslide. Unfortunatelly local government and community or people in the landslide hazard area not responsive and awareness with the early warning system. Therefore, number of human victims and socio economics impacts

caused by landslide remain high.

The landslide occured on Monday, 15 April 2013 in Kampung (sub-village) Cigintung, Cimuncang Village, District of Malausma, Majalengka Regency, Province of West Java. Geographically located at coordinate 108 16’ 55.86” E and 7 2’ 50.79” S.

Morphology around Cimuncang Village is on the foothills with a slope about 5-45. The elevation of the location is about 750-1100m asl. There are Cijurey River and other small rivers flow along the valley as the lowest part of the site.

Morphology around Cimuncang Village.

Landslide Hazard at Majalengka District

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Lithology that contains the rock formation in the hazard area, based on Geological Map of Tasikmalaya, Java (Budhitrisna et al., 1986), consists of breccia, tuff, and lava (in upper part-Qtvs) and also claystone of Kaliwangu Formation (in lower part-Tpkw). Top soil on upper slope is formed by silty clay soil with reddish brown colour and firm. In the other, top soil of lower slope is formed by silty clay soil with greyish to dark brown colour, impermeable, and soft with a thickness about 1,5 – 2 m

Based on the result of emergency response inspection on the 17th April 2013, the lanslide is causing:- 6 (six) Ha rice field ready for harvest buried.- 11 (eleven) houses severely damaged.- 99 (ninety nine) houses with minor damaged, their floors and walls were cracked.- 50 meters road collapsed.- 605 family or 1842 people evacuated

Residential area in Cigintung Sub Village, actively sliding until present

Houses condition, 17 April 2013 Houses condition, 5 May 2013

• Landslide that occurred was a kind of mass movement and creep. Mass movement occurred on the upper part ofslope with 200 meters in length and 100 meters in width. The material flowed down to foot of the slope and buried7 Ha of rice field. Slumps occurred in several locations with 5 – 510 meters in length and 30 cm to 60 meters indepth. also there was cracks 5 – 25 meters in length which were parallel with slump orientation. the cracks ingulfed the settlement area of Cigintung sub-village and caused cracks on floors and walls of the houses andsubsidence of the road..

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Lithology that contains the rock formation in the hazard area, based on Geological Map of Tasikmalaya, Java (Budhitrisna et al., 1986), consists of breccia, tuff, and lava (in upper part-Qtvs) and also claystone of Kaliwangu Formation (in lower part-Tpkw). Top soil on upper slope is formed by silty clay soil with reddish brown colour and firm. In the other, top soil of lower slope is formed by silty clay soil with greyish to dark brown colour, impermeable, and soft with a thickness about 1,5 – 2 m

Geological map of the Malausma and surrounding area

the Malausma and surrounding area Susceptibility Map

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Situation map of landslide on 17 April 2013

This landslide was induced by high rainfall intensity which caused the upper part of slopesteep and bare, to be unstable and fail which then buried rice field underneath.Because ofits vibration, top soil that in the form of clay soil slowly moved and formed slump andcracks in soil that cross the settlement area and roadway. This slow movement will stillactive during rainy season. Furthermore, threat from landslide material, that can be erodedby rain, because it may fill the watershed of Cijuray River, which is laying cross thesettlement area, and can trigger debris avalanche.

Cracks hit the Kp. Cigintung, damage settlements and trails path. (Left: taken on the 5th May, Right: taken on 13th May 2013)

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Photo on the 5th May 2013 Photo on the 13th May 2013

Photo on the 17 April 2013 Photo on the 13th May 2013

settlements and road conditions due to ground movement which occurred in Kp. Cigintung still active until present.

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Situation map of landslide on 5 May 2013

Situation map of landslide on 17 April 2013

regions that experienced greater movement as shown in the map

Relocation Area Location Map

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Conclusion: Landslide hazard zone at Cigintung Sub-village is not proper for living anymore for the

most part of this area have been damaged and the landslide still active up now, though ina slow slide. Therefore, the settlement should be relocated to a safer place.

for the relocation of landslide hazard casualties in Cigintung, Majalengka Regency appointtwo locations for relocation after an investigation, and the results is as follows

1. block Cibeber, Cimuncang villagelocated 5.5 km from the hazard site. However, the morphology of this region has a

relatively steep slope, soft ground, hard to get water, into medium suceptibility forlandslide zone, there is no electricity network. This area is not feasible for relocation.

2. Blok Cipicung, Werasari VillageLocated 9 km from the hazard site. Morphology is relatively gentle slope, solid

soil/stable, groundwater can be obtained easily, artesis, or utilize existing springs at thislocation, electricity network is also available. This area is safe for the relocation ofcasualties

Houses recommendation for Landslide hazard casualties in Cigintung :1. Building houses on the flat area2. water arrangement so that the soil is not water saturated which can trigger landslide3. not build farms, wetlands such as paddy or ponds near residential4. on the top flank or areas with a slope > 15 , have to make a green belt5. clean water can be obtained by digging wells at a depth of 7-12 m from the surface or

use a spring in the location