Situation Analysis: mangrove communities, markets,

stakeholders, institutions and policies in Vietnam

Stuart W Bunting1

1Centre for Environment and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK

Centre for Environment and Society Back to Office Report 2007-SWB2, University of Essex, Colchester UK

Citation: Bunting, S.W., 2007. Situation Analysis: mangrove communities, markets, stakeholders, institutions and policies in Vietnam. Centre for Environment and Society Back to Office Report 2007-SWB2. University of Essex, UK. Author contact details:

Centre for Environment and Society Department of Biological Sciences University of Essex Colchester CO4 3SQ UK Email: swbunt@essex.ac.uk

Acknowledgement and disclaimer: This report is an output of the MANGROVE project which received research funding from the European Community’s Sixth Framework Programme [Contract: INCO-CT-2005-003697]; this publication reflects the author’s views and the European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. © The author retains the copyright to materials presented in this report

ii

Glossary

ADB Asian Development Bank CBO Community Based Organisation CP Communication Plan DFID Department for International Development (UK Government) DoE Department of Environment DoF Department of Fisheries EC European Commission FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IWMI International Water Management Institute KAP Knowledge Attitudes and Practices MANGROVE Mangrove ecosystems, communities and conflict: developing knowledge-

based approach to reconcile multiple demands (EC project) MERD Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division NGO Non-Government Organisation NR Natural Resources NRSP Natural Resources Systems Programme PAP Participatory Action Planning PAPD Participatory Action Plan Development PU-PAPi Peri-Urban Participatory Action Planning and Implementation STEPS Social, Technical, Environmental, Political, Sustainability UN United Nations UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund UNDP United Nations Development Programme WB World Bank WWF World Wildlife Fund

iii

Contents

Section Heading Page Glossary iii 1 Introduction 1 2 Progress review - Vietnam National University 1 3 Site selection 1 4 Stakeholders 2 4.1 Stakeholder terminology 3 4.2 Stakeholder analysis 4 5 Institutional Analysis 5 5.1 Agreed Institutional Analysis outline 6 6 Participatory Community Appraisal and Rapid Rural Appraisal 7 7 Markets 7 8 Activities to finalise WP1 commitments 10 8.1 Agreed forward work plan 10 9 Preparation for P2 reporting 15 References 16 Annex 1 Work programme & Workpackage 1 – Situation Analysis outline presentation Annex 2 VNU progress report presentation Annex 3 Situation Analysis, Institutional Analysis and Site selection review Annex 4 Tools and approaches for stakeholder analysis and interaction in mangroves and

adjacent coastal areas

Annex 5 Some experience from education activities on mangrove protection in coastal

areas, Vietnam

Annex 6 Draft news item for MANGROVE website Annex 7 Reporting checklist for MANGROVE partners Annex 8 Schedule of meetings Hanoi 3rd - 10th Feb 2007

Tables and Figures

Object Heading Page Table 1 Selection criteria for the field site in Vietnam 2 Figure 1 Venn diagram showing relationships between stakeholders 4 Table 2 Marketing checklists developed during the INCO-DEV PAPUSSA project 8 Table 3 Agreed timeline for MERC and CERE activities 11

iv

1

1. Introduction

Situation Analysis (WP1) objectives stated in the project proposal are to: complete a

multidisciplinary situation appraisal of mangrove ecosystems at sites in Indonesia,

Thailand and Vietnam; raise awareness of their role in poor livelihoods; conduct an

institutional analysis. The Situation Analysis commenced at the start of the project in

August 2005 and background information collated and presented at the project inception

meeting in Bangkok, November 2005. However, owing to the delay in fully implementing

the project owing to the withdrawal of one partner the completion of this phase of work,

planned for March 2006, was significantly delayed. Having taken into account the delay in

project implementation and the dispersal of funds it is considered reasonable to expect that

this phase of the project will now be completed in June 2007. An overview presentation

concerning the status of the project, proposed work plan and detailed description of

Workpackage 1 – Situation Analysis was presented to the MERD team at the start of the

visit (Annex 1).

2. Progress review - Vietnam National University

During the inception workshop members of the Vietnam National University team gave

presentations on the current status of mangroves in Vietnam (MANGROVE Project,

2005). Appropriate study sites were proposed based on mutually agreed selection criteria

and stakeholder groups associated with the sites identified and their positions and

relationships explored; institutional, legal and policy frameworks were discussed. During

the PMG and Project Inception meeting 2 members of the VNU team participated in

planning WP1, 2, 3 and 4 activities. As with other partners, VNU faced a significant delay

in implementing fieldwork activities owing to the withdrawal of a partner jeopardising the

project. Despite this it was possible to retain the core of the team and to make further

progress on collating background information and data, as well as developing contacts

with other university faculties and Hanoi University of Education, Hanoi. Following the

decision to disperse the pre-financing payment to the consortium the Coordinator at VNU

undertook to find replacement team members and new appointments have been made. An

overview of progress was presented to the coordinator by the VNU team (Annex 2).

3. Site selection

Cognisant of changing circumstances since the project inception meeting, criteria

developed to assess the suitability of potential study sites (Table 1) were reviewed and the

earlier assessment and site selection reconsidered. Having reviewed the situation again it

was apparent that, based on criteria agreed by the consortium at the Project Inception

Meeting in Bangkok i.e. the significance of the remaining mangrove area, associated

livelihoods, ecosystem services provided, existing knowledge and logistics, Nam Dinh still

represented the most promising study site for the MANGROVE Project. However, owing

to recent development and a significant increase in research activity in the proposed Nam

Dinh National Park and Ramsar site area, it was decided to shift the focus of research in

the MANGROVE Project to the adjacent Tien Hai Nature Reserve.

Table 1. Site selection criteria for the field site in Vietnam

Criteria Quang

Ninh

Hai

Phong

Nam

Dinh

Can Gio Ben Tre Ca Mau

Existing knowledge/data 3 4 5 5 3 3

Significance 3 4 5 5 4 4

Livelihood 5 5 5 3 3 2

Typhoon buffer 4 5 5 2 2 2

Carbon sink /accumulation 3 3 3 5 5 5

Replanting ages 3 3 4 5 4 2

Logistics

Permission 4 4 5 5 4 4

Travel 3 4 4 3 2 2

Communication 3 4 4 4 2 3

Existing projects 2 3 5 4 3 4

Total 12 15 17 16 11 13

Note: preliminary identification: 5, very high; 4, high; 3, average; 2, low; 1, very low.

4. Stakeholders

Several user groups, civil society groups, CBOs, NGOs, local and national government

departments associated with mangroves and adjacent coastal areas were identified during

the project inception meeting (MANGROVE Project, 2005). This section aims to provide

some guidance on how these groups, collectively referred to as stakeholders, can be

further differentiated and their positions and relationships explored, highlighting areas of

conflict and tension that the project team can subsequently work to resolve. Within this

strategy the concept of engagement is central; DFID (2001) described the nature of

engagement as:

2

‘Involving those who stand to win or lose from policy or institutional reform, or

who may influence the reform process, helps to make the interests of key

stakeholders transparent and to build ownership of the reform process.’

4.1. Stakeholder terminology

Basic terminology draws on the DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets (DFID,

2001) where primary stakeholders are the intended beneficiaries of reform and key

stakeholders are those who can influence the outcome of the reform process1. Within the

category of key stakeholders it has sometimes been found useful to differentiate further

between secondary and tertiary stakeholders - based on geographic scale, management

role and interest. Stakeholders have been further categorised by various authors and

authorities, for example, Grimble (1998) described direct stakeholders as being ‘those

involved with the causes or consequences of a problem or issues and affected by actions

taken to alleviate in’ and indirect stakeholders as those ‘who can positively or negatively

influence the process and can play a role in strategies to solve the problems’.

Perhaps practical sometimes to categorise stakeholders in broad, unsophisticated

hierarchies, as in some aspects of the MANGROVE Project proposal, this is a shortcoming

that demands consideration. Such an approach fails to acknowledge the capabilities of

poor and vulnerable people (excluding perhaps poorest of the poor) to influence livelihood

outcomes. As Chambers (2005) says ‘The challenge is how to give voice to those who are

left out and to make their reality count’. Furthermore, although not wishing to perpetuate

divisive patron-client relationships, Chambers (2005) noted that ‘The tendency for local

elites to capture projects and programmes and use them for their own benefit should

indeed by recognized as a fact of life.’ Dealing with such realities and understanding the

roles of leadership, patronage, unions, political parities and frequently coercion and

extortion, may present opportunities to achieve more effective implementation and

sustainable livelihoods enhancements for poor people (Bunting, 2006). Discussing the

probability that local elites will monopolise initiatives, Chambers (2005) comments:

3

1 Reference to beneficiaries implies passive receipt of aid or assistance from a benefactor or supporter, this feels at odds with the concept of participatory action and learning. Similarly, reform invokes a sense of fundamental reorganisation, root and branch reform, whereas the actual outcomes might be more subtle.

‘there are benefits as well as costs in this. Leaders are often leaders because they

have ability, and projects may be better managed through their participation.

Leaders, especially where there is an active political party, may seek support and

legitimacy and so have an incentive to spread the benefits of projects to more

rather than fewer people.’

4.2. Stakeholder Analysis

Five elements constituting a situation analysis were outlined in the DFID Sustainable

Livelihoods Guidance Sheets (DFID, 2001) thus:

- identify and define level of influence of primary stakeholders,

- identify and define characteristics of key stakeholders,

- assess manner in which they might affect or be affected by reform,

- understand relations between stakeholders, including real or potential conflicts and

expectations between stakeholders,

- assess capacity of different stakeholders to influence reform process.

Considering urban governance, Rakodi and Lloyd-Jones (2002) proposed that the

relationship between stakeholders could be represented using a Venn diagram (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Venn diagram showing relationships between stakeholders (source Rakodi and Lloyd-Jones, 2002)

4

Martin et al. (2001) proposed a series of approaches to identify and explore stakeholder

interests:

- small meetings with a few key stakeholders where other stakeholder groups are

identified,

- stakeholder workshops to facilitate detailed exploration of activities, interests,

contributions and opportunities for new networks, with information tabulated or

represented using Venn diagrams (Figure 1)

- individual interviews with representatives of the main stakeholder groups, to discuss

issues, perceptions, constraints and significant in relation to the MANGROVE Project

objectives, potential areas of conflicts

- in-depth discussions with separate stakeholder groups

- joint focus groups with representatives of each stakeholder groups, to discuss issues

arising from earlier meetings and develop a strategic vision for uptake promotion with

policy makers.

Within the various framework proposed above it is important to remember that policy

makers are stakeholders too, and that their involvement is critical in developing a strategic

vision. It is important to engender ownership of the process as policy-makers are unlikely

to adopt an innovative strategy developed by other stakeholders in isolation. However,

where it is difficult to involve policy-makers, an autonomous initiative to plan and resolve

tensions would probably gain recognition, and if it were sufficiently representative and

authoritative would be difficult to ignore. The outline of the Stakeholder Analysis was

presented to the VNU team and discussed at length (Annex 3) as were participatory

research tools that might prove useful when working in physically, socially and

institutionally complex coastal settings (Annex 4).

5. Institutional Analysis

Referring to the project proposal a number of objectives were set out for the institutional

analysis and associated policy review activities described within the broader Situation

Analysis. The first step is to identify and describe institutions, including their motivations

and agendas. Having identified the various groups the next step is to sketch out the

relationships between groups, possible presenting this with a Venn diagram or matrix.

Legal frameworks and the policy process, including policy-making and policy statements, 5

will also be reviewed and potential linkages with planned project activities highlighted.

Critical in several cases will be an assessment and understanding of the interaction

between local and centralised decision-making.

5.1. Agreed Institutional Analysis outline

Meet key stakeholder representatives to discuss mangrove management and planning:

- define their role/responsibilities/influence

- identify principles/planning framework/legislation/etc…that guides decision-making

- give emphasis to issues relevant to coastal livelihoods: classification of activity,

zoning, relevant legislation, references to livelihoods in official documentation,

- define the priority of mangrove conservation with respect to other activities

- elicit perceived constraints to mangrove conservation and wise use

- investigate initiatives to address these problems

- discuss the perceived benefits of mangrove conservation and wise use

- discuss historical land-use change that has impacted on mangrove area and discuss

future prospects in light of planning initiatives, state level development objectives,

globalization, international agreements, climate change

Describe actor/stakeholder roles in managing coastal natural resources and in guiding the

formal land-use planning process, including their jurisdiction, sphere of influence and their

position within the overall hierarchy. Furthermore, identify strategically significant user

groups, institutions or committees, and individuals therein, that guide and influence policy

formulation.

Develop the management/planning hierarchy to include landowners, leaseholders,

community management bodies and employees and their power, influence and roles.

Assess the knowledge needs of key actors/stakeholders interviewed and the most

appropriate pathways for disseminating project outputs i.e. workshop participation,

technical reports, media communications. VNU presented a summary of key work

undertaken concerning education activities focused on mangrove protection (Annex 5).

6

Assess the potential role of strengthened civil society groups, producer associations and

more informed advocates for the poor and local planners in developing appropriate

management/development strategies for mangroves and adjacent coastal areas.

Develop a work programme to assess systematically the priority assigned by different

institutions to mangrove conservation and wise use, constraints and opportunities

associated with these practice and strategies to manage these systems equitably

Report back on findings at stakeholder forum for verification and triangulation

6. Participatory Community Appraisal and Rapid Rural Appraisal

Capacity building workshops focused on Sustainable Livelihoods Analysis and

Participatory Rural Appraisal were planned for each project site, the intention being to

enhance the skills of project staff tasked with fieldwork, and to involve other stakeholder

groups so as to raise their awareness, initiate a constructive dialogue and begin to

engender a sense of ownership (Ha et al., 2006). The workshop was completed in Vietnam

and a workshop report has been published (STREAM, 2006).

7. Markets

Conventional market transactions should be assessed at each stage in the marketing

network, from producer, collector or harvester to consumer or user. The first step is to

assess what products, derived directly and indirectly, from mangrove areas are being

marketed. This might best be facilitated through interviews with key informants or through

participatory activities such as resource mapping, seasonal activity and income calendars,

stakeholder analysis, or ideally a combination of the two. A simple checklist might be

invoked to guide the assessment, as was the case in the previous INCO-DEV PAPUSSA

project (Table 2). Key elements assessed at each stage in the marketing network included

product, quantity, source, pre-harvest and post-harvest handling, buyer types, nature of the

transaction, administration, legislation and licensing, overall number or proportion of

traders dealing in aquatic foods, seasonal changes, trends and additional data.

7

8

Tabl

e 2.

Mar

ketin

g ch

eckl

ists

dev

elop

ed d

urin

g th

e IN

CO

-DEV

PA

PUSS

A p

roje

ct

Che

cklis

t of t

opic

s to

disc

uss:

C

olle

ctor

s W

hole

sale

m

arke

t m

anag

emen

t

Who

lesa

lers

C

olle

ctor

s R

etai

l mar

ket

man

agem

ent

Ret

aile

rs

Con

sum

ers

Qua

ntity

–

boug

ht/s

old/

trans

porte

d/tra

ded

Spp.

/ pr

ice

Qua

ntity

/day

Vol

ume

trade

d pe

r day

/ pr

ice

Spp.

pric

e Q

uant

ity/d

ay

B

uy/s

ell p

rice

Spp.

/ qua

ntity

pe

r day

Sour

ce: w

here

from

, rur

al o

r pe

ri-ur

ban,

dis

tanc

e/tra

vel c

ost,

whe

n co

llect

ed

Whi

ch d

istri

ct/

prov

ince

? R

ural

/PU

-di

stan

ce-

whe

n/ho

w

colle

ct/d

eliv

er

B

ough

t fro

m

whe

re?

Rur

al/P

U

Dis

tanc

e –

whe

n de

liver

ed

/col

lect

ed (t

ime)

Whe

re –

pr

ovin

ce

Rur

al/P

U-

dist

ance

-w

hen/

how

co

llect

/del

iver

W

here

R

ural

/PU

-di

stan

ce-w

hen

colle

cted

/del

iver

ed/w

hole

sale

r/pr

oduc

er

Pre-

harv

est a

nd p

ost-h

arve

st

hand

ling

Proc

essi

ng &

pr

eser

vatio

n

Proc

essi

ng &

pr

eser

vatio

n Pr

oces

sing

&

pres

erva

tion

M

etho

ds

Type

s of b

uyer

- ric

h / p

oor

Pr

oduc

ts so

ld

whe

re?

Pr

oduc

ts so

ld

whe

re?

Prod

ucts

sold

w

here

?

Prod

ucts

sold

w

here

? O

ccup

atio

n A

ge ra

nge

Tran

sact

ions

e.g

. con

tract

s

How

man

y pe

rman

ent &

te

mpo

rary

co

ntra

cts

How

ofte

n do

yo

u co

llect

?

Org

anis

atio

n B

ough

t fro

m

colle

ctor

or

prod

ucer

? H

ow

man

y pe

rman

ent

& te

mpo

rary

co

ntra

cts w

ith

selle

rs/b

uyer

s

How

man

y pe

rman

ent &

te

mpo

rary

co

ntra

cts

How

ofte

n do

yo

u co

llect

?

Org

anis

atio

n H

ow m

any

perm

anen

t &

tem

pora

ry

cont

ract

s – a

ny

rela

tions

hip

with

se

llers

/buy

ers?

N

o. o

f buy

ers o

n av

erag

e?

Adm

inis

tratio

n fe

e

Tax

Type

of a

dmin

fe

e?

Tax

Ty

pe o

f adm

in

fee?

Tax

Type

of a

dmin

fe

e?

Tax

Type

of a

dmin

fe

e?

Tax

Ty

pe o

f adm

in

fee?

Legi

slat

ion/

lice

nce

A

ny li

cenc

e/

legi

slat

ion?

In

stitu

tiona

l ar

rang

emen

ts

Is a

lice

nce

requ

ired?

Do

you

requ

ire a

lic

ence

? A

ny li

cenc

e/

legi

slat

ion?

In

stitu

tiona

l ar

rang

emen

ts

Is a

lice

nce

requ

ired?

Is a

lice

nce

requ

ired?

Num

ber/

prop

ortio

n of

trad

ers

deal

ing

in a

quat

ic fo

ods

No.

of c

olle

ctor

s N

o. o

f w

hole

sale

rs a

t m

arke

t

N

o. o

f col

lect

ors

No.

of r

etai

lers

at

mar

ket

Seas

onal

cha

nges

: qua

ntity

and

pr

ice

Con

stitu

tes,

timel

ine,

tren

d an

d ch

oice

Any

cha

nge

due

to se

ason

al

varia

tion?

Q

uant

ity/p

rice/

Sp

p. e

tc.

A

ny c

hang

e du

e to

seas

onal

va

riatio

n?

Qua

ntity

/pric

e/

Spp.

etc

.

Any

cha

nge

due

to se

ason

al

varia

tion?

Q

uant

ity/p

rice/

Sp

p. e

tc.

Le

ast /

mos

t co

nsum

ed

Any

cha

nge

due

to se

ason

al

varia

tion?

Q

uant

ity/p

rice/

Sp

p. e

tc.

Any

tren

d in

bu

ying

app

aren

t?

Add

ition

al d

ata

colle

ctio

n pr

opos

ed fo

r

Prod

uctio

n in

w

w re

gion

? A

re y

ou a

lso

who

lesa

ler/

reta

iler?

D

o yo

u em

ploy

an

yone

/use

fa

mily

mem

bers

? O

ther

impo

rtant

in

form

atio

n?

Diff

icul

ties/

rec-

omm

enda

tions

?

Star

t dat

e?

Hom

e of

w

hole

sale

rs?

Oth

er im

porta

nt

info

rmat

ion?

D

iffic

ultie

s/ re

c-om

men

datio

ns?

Do

you

empl

oy

anyo

ne/u

se

fam

ily m

embe

rs?

Oth

er im

porta

nt

info

rmat

ion?

D

iffic

ultie

s/ re

c-

omm

enda

tions

?

Prod

uctio

n in

w

w re

gion

? O

ther

impo

rtant

in

form

atio

n?

Diff

icul

ties/

rec-

omm

enda

tions

?

Star

t dat

e?

Hom

e of

re

taile

rs?

Oth

er im

porta

nt

info

rmat

ion?

D

iffic

ultie

s/re

c-om

men

datio

ns?

Whi

ch S

pp.

pref

erre

d by

bu

yer?

O

ther

impo

rtant

in

form

atio

n?

Diff

icul

ties/

rec-

omm

enda

tions

?

Wha

t fw

pr

oduc

ts d

o yo

u bu

y?

Spp.

mos

t lik

ed?

Size

you

like

? C

once

rned

abo

ut

pric

e?

Why

do

you

like

to e

at th

is fi

sh?

[com

bine

d in

m

atrix

] O

ther

pro

blem

s?

9

10

Commodities might be traded on a local, regional, national or international basis and this

will have implications for the health and wellbeing of both producers and consumers; the

balance of trade against subsistence needs also demands consideration. Furthermore,

although perhaps not traded in formal markets, the supply and appropriation of

environmental good and services, or ecosystem services, derived from mangrove areas

should be considered; this should highlight indirect benefits accruing to poor and

vulnerable communities, and society more generally. Assessing ‘values’ attributed to

mangroves will provide a more comprehensive account concerning existing and potential

future benefits of conserving and restoring mangrove areas.

8. Activities to finalise WP1 commitments

Various reference have been gathered together by the VNU team, including workshop

proceedings, scientific papers and reports and training manuals from Government

Departments, proving a sound basis from which to compile the background to the

Situation Analysis report.

8.1. Agreed forward work plan

Following various discussions of the elements constituting the Situation Analysis, the

MERD team prepared a provisional work plan including background data collection and

collation, stakeholder and institution analysis, PCA fieldwork, market assessment, State of

the System (SOS) workshop and reporting (Table 3). The MERD team undertook to

provide regular updates on progress and the project coordinator undertook to assist in the

implementation of the work plan where possible.

11

Tabl

e 3.

Agr

eed

timel

ine

for M

ERC

and

CER

E ac

tiviti

es

Mai

n ou

tput

s E

xpec

ted

outp

uts

Des

crip

tion

Met

hods

Mai

nly

Res

pons

ible

Dat

e

Intro

duct

ion

of th

e pr

ojec

t In

trodu

ctio

n of

the

proj

ect

M

eetin

gs w

ith lo

cal a

utho

ritie

s Pr

of. H

ong,

Dr.

Tri

12-1

3/2/

2007

Ove

rvie

w re

port

on

natu

ral c

ondi

tions

, soc

io-

econ

omic

s, m

angr

ove

ecos

yste

m

Bac

kgro

und

(geo

grap

hy, c

limat

e,

popu

latio

n, c

oast

al e

cosy

stem

s, et

c…)

Stat

istic

ally

col

lect

ing

data

, ad

min

istra

tive

map

, pop

ulat

ion,

cl

imat

e, c

oast

al e

cosy

stem

s.

12/2

-1/3

/200

7

Bac

kgro

und

on

stud

y sit

e O

verv

iew

repo

rt on

the

stud

y si

te

- gen

eral

des

crip

tion

- Site

sele

ctio

n (im

porta

nce,

logi

stic

s, da

ta, a

cces

s)

Col

lect

ing

data

on

impo

rtanc

e,

logi

stic

s, da

ta, a

cces

s) o

f the

stud

y si

te (p

rovi

nce,

dis

trict

and

3

sele

cted

com

mun

es)

Dr.

Dao

,

Dr.

Tuan

, M

ERD

12/2

-1/3

/200

7

Iden

tify

stak

ehol

ders

(use

r gro

ups,

civi

l so

ciet

y, C

BO

s, N

GO

s, go

v, o

ther

s)

12

/2-4

/3/2

007

Surv

eys

Stak

ehol

der m

eetin

g

indi

vidu

al in

terv

iew

s

10/3

– 2

0/3/

2007

Rep

ort o

n St

akeh

olde

r an

alys

is

Stak

ehol

der a

naly

sis

Prim

ary

and

Key

?

Prim

ary,

Sec

onda

ry, T

ertia

ry?

Ana

lysi

s of s

urve

yed

data

St

akeh

olde

r ana

lysi

s

Dr.

Dao

,

Dr.

Tuan

, M

ERD

20/3

/200

7 –

1/4/

2007

Inst

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15

9. Preparation for P2 reporting

Based on the proposed timing of WP1 activities it was agreed that a joint consortium and

PMG meeting in June would be appropriate to review progress in each of the field sites and

plan WP3-5 activities in detail. This meeting would also provide an opportunity to review

reporting responsibilities and commitments and draft relevant report sections so that P2

reporting to the EC can be completed in a timely fashion. The second reporting period for the

project (P2) ends on the 31st July 2007, the deadline for submission of final reports to the EC

is 45 days later. A reporting checklist and timetable was revised based on discussions during

the week (Annex 7) and will be circulated to the project consortium using the MANGROVE

Project email list managed by NACA.

References

Bunting SW (2006) Low impact aquaculture. Centre for Environment and Society Occasional Paper

2006-3. University of Essex, UK.

Chambers R (2005) Ideas for Development. Earthscan, London.

DFID (2001) Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. Department for International Development,

London, UK.

Grimble R (1998) Stakeholder methodologies in natural resource management. NRI, University of

Greenwich, UK.

MANGROVE Project (2005) Inception workshop proceedings. NACA, Bangkok. (online at:

www.streaminitiative.org/Mangrove)

Martin A, Oudwater N, Gundel S (2001) Methodologies for situation analysis in urban agriculture.

Synthesis Paper for workshop on ‘Appropriate Research and Planning on Methodologies for urban and

peri-urban agriculture’ 2-5 October 2001, Nairobi, Kenya. ETC, CGIAR, UNDP-UNCHS.

Ha NS, Tran NM, Smith E, Suspita A, Haylor G (2006) Capacity building on sustainable livelihoods

analysis and participatory rural appraisal. Working Paper NSH1: EU Project MANGROVE INCO-CT-

2005-003697. STREAM/NACA, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Rakodi C, Lloyd-Jones (2002) Urban Livelihoods. Earthscan, London.

STREAM, 2006. Workshop on capacity building for situation analysis of mangroves ecosystem and

communities. Hanoi and Nam Dinh, Vietnam, 4-8 December 2006. (online at:

www.streaminitiative.org/Mangrove)

16

Annex 1

Dr Stuart BuntingCentre for Environment and Society, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UKTel: +44 (0)1206 872219; Email: swbunt@essex.ac.uk

Annex 1

1. Centre for Environment and Society, University of Essex (UOE), England

2. Fisheries and Fish Culture Group, Wageningen University (WUR), The Netherlands

3. Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden4. Mulawarman University (MU), Indonesia5. Kasetsart University (KU), Thailand6. Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam7. Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), Thailand

8. Sub-contractors

- support the evaluation of mangrove derived goods and services with stakeholders

(e.g. application of the damage schedule approach outlined by Chuenpagdee and Vasconcellos (2000))

- support for ecological survey and data analysis- *gender expert to support the design, implementation and

evaluation of project activities (Gender Framework Analysis)

- audit (under management budget)

*a commitment was made that each Asian partner would employ at least one researcher with a background in social sciences

Annex 1

1. Background (geography, climate, population, coastal ecosystems, etc…)

2. Site selection (importance, logistics, data, access)

3. Map spatial distribution of mangroves with secondary stakeholders

Employing appropriate RRA techniques (map flows of goods and services supporting communities) identify 3 communities whose members depend on goods and services originating from mangroves (direct use, indirect use, ecosystems services)

4. Map market networks for goods (and services) and assess magnitude

5 Gender Framework Analysis –

6 Participatory Community Appraisal

– disaggregate community by wealth and gender and focusing on livelihoods of poor people

– weight / rank significance of good / services in livelihoods– explore vulnerability (with focus groups and household interviews and seasonal

calendars)– assess assets (natural, physical, financial, human, social)

7 Existing data and indigenous knowledge (biogeochemical, hydrological,ecological)

document existing data collection programmes / arrangements (local, regional and national)

8 Stakeholder analysis (user groups, civil society, CBOs, NGOs, gov, others)

Primary and Key?Primary, Secondary, Tertiary?

9 Institutional analysis– identify and describe institutions– motivations – agendas– relationships – Venn diagram– legal frameworks

10 Policy framework– formulation– linkages– interaction between local and centralised decision-making

11 Synthesis– Impact of power relations, market forces, globalisation on ecosystem

functioning, livelihood strategies, institutional arrangements

12 Present outcomes– Local and national stakeholders in workshops at each site (check and verify

findings)

Annex 2

Organizing a group’ meeting:- To assign on detailed tasks of each

team;- To discuss the methods to implement

the tasks.

Rational for site selection• Important for the country• Example for the world• Representativeness for the

wetland/mangrove

Location Mangrove Ecosystem Research Station(MERS) belonging to MERDat Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province

Methodology

� Collect existing information, documents, reports and all relevant data and literature at the national, provincial, district and community levels;

� Identify and fill gaps (of data and information); � Analyze collected data and information to clearly

define any outstanding problems for the Vietnamese policy contexts;

� Carry out additional surveys and interviews if needed;

� Propose scenario(s) and estimate impacts;� Evaluate analysed methodology and application.

A. Surveys of existing conditions/ Status

1. Natural conditions- Land use / Land cover- Plant species composition and trends- Animal species composition and trends- Ecosystems and their functions- Water resources

Annex 2

A. Surveys of existing conditions/ Status

2. Socio-economic conditionsSocial

� Income� Income redistribution system/ Equity of income� Education level� Poverty (National standard)� Land tenure� Access to resources� Population (including fertility rate) density and growth� Pollution and diseases� Infant mortality� Access to food and other basic needs

A. Surveys of existing conditions/ Status

Economic/ Production� Identify economic sectors;� Category of economic structure;� Investment capital for exploitation� Potential markets (export)� Market failures

A. Surveys of existing conditions/ Status

Policies� Mechanism of unsustainable changes� Socio-economic development programmes

(National and provincial levels)� Poverty reduction (CPRGS)� Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP)� Subsidies (minor)� Five million hectare program (reforestation)� Land titling or exclusion� Decree 109/2003

B. Linkage

1. Biodiversity� Ecosystem types� Ecosystem area change� Ecosystem quality (Quality of forest – 3

categories: rich, medium, poor; Reflection of species diversity);

� Species trend indices (all species)� Natural stocks of economic value (economic

value species: animal, NTFP)

B. Linkage

2. Human wellbeing (Goods and services of ecosystems)Supporting services

� Habitat� Fishery production (aquaculture/catching)� Agricultural production� Fish, craps, etc. � Waterbirds� Non-timber forest products� Water quality� Flood/ storm, mitigation;� Soil erosion control� Coastal and dyke protection� Soil stabilization

B. Linkage

Provisioning services (products obtained from ecosystems)� Seafood� Claim rearing� Fuel-wood� Genetic resources� Handicraft materials

Annex 2

B. Linkage

Cultural services (non-materials obtained from ecosystems)� Recreation and ecotourism� Environmental Propagation and Education� Indigenous knowledge

Output� Overview of historical data on land-use, economic ,

social, ecological and production indicators, including available GIS maps

� Description and analysis of related variables that influence the relation between biodiversity and human well-being

� Schematic flowchart model of the above mentioned variables

� Analysis of policy options ( 1 or 2) that could increase biodiversity and/or human well-being

� Description of used methodology, results, conclusions and recommendations for extended research

Implemented activities

� Each team collected existing information, all relevant data and literature:- Scientific reports;- Statistical data of Tien Hai and Giao Thuy

Districts- Legal documents, socio-economic

development plans, action and programmerelevant to the policy issues described in the proposal ; and sum-up and relevant reports on these issues

Implemented activities

� Conduct a survey in Giao Thuy and Tien HaiDistrict- Interview Chairman of District People’s Committee

about present critical issues of Giao Thuy and Tien hai Districts

- Collect annual sum-up reports on socio-economic situation and statistical data of Giao Thuy District

Collected data, documents and references

1. Scientific papers: - Biodiversity, natural systems/ecosystems - Socio-economic, natural resource

management and policy- Statistical data and reports of local

authorities 2. Reports of local authorities3. Statistical data 4. Maps

Scientific papers: Biodiversity, natural systems/ecosystems1. Ministry of Fisheries, 2003. Scientific research works of the fishery sector for the phase of 1996 - 2000. Hanoi

Agricultural Publishing House: 472pp. (in Vietnamese)2. Phan Nguyen Hong, Tran Van Thuy (project leader), 2004. Project: Assessing diversity of plant vegetation

and flora in Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province – a scientific basis for planning sustainable development of wetland ecosystems in coastal zones of Northern Vietnam. Programme of the oriented planning for some wetland ecosystems in the coastal zones of Northern Vietnam for sustainable development: 102pp. (in Vietnamese).

3. Phan Nguyen Hong, Tran Van Thuy (project leader), 2004. Project: Assessing diversity of plant vegetation and flora in Thai Thuy District, Thai Binh Province – a scientific basis for planning sustainable development of wetland ecosystems in the coastal zone of Northern Vietnam. Programme of the oriented planning for some wetland ecosystems in the coastal zones of Northern Vietnam for sustainable development: 103pp. (in Vietnamese).

4. List of phytoplankton species in the Red River mouth area (in Vietnamese)5. Le Xuan Hue, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, 2002. Insects in the mangrove area of Giao Thuy District (Nam Dinh) and

Tien Hai District (Thai Binh) (in Vietnamese).6. Duong Van Coi (Program leader), 1998. Investment project of establishment of protective mangrove forests

in Nam Dinh Province for the phase 1999-2010 (in Vietnamese).7. Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2003. Investment

project of Xuan Thuy National Park of Nam Dinh Province (in Vietnamese).8. Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, 2002. Report on Can Gio Mangroves – Ho Chi Minh City and Xuan

Thuy Ramsar site in the Red River Delta. UNEP project (in Vietnamese).9. List of lower plant species in the coastal and estuarine areas of Thai Binh (in Vietnamese).10. Vu Trung Tang, Tran Thanh Than, 2001. Fish species composition in Tien Hai Nature Reserve, Thai Binh

Province (in Vietnamese).11. Mai Trong Nhuan. Brief summary for Ba lat estuary demonstration site

Annex 2

Scientific papers: Biodiversity, natural systems/ecosystemsIn: Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, 2004. Mangrove Ecosystem in the Red River

coastal zone: Biodiversity, Ecology, Socio-economics, Management and Educaion. Phan Nguyen Hong (ed.): 509pp:

1. Studying and preserving strong cellulase genetic sources of some Streptomyces isolated from the mangrove soil in Giao ThuyDistrict (Nam Dinh Province) and Tien Hai District (Thai Binh Province). Mai Thi Hang, Doan Van Thuoc

2. Study on diversity of the Aspergillus strains isolated from the mangrove forests in Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces. Mai ThiHang, Phan Thi Phuong Hoa

3. Study on phytosociology in the mangrove area of Thuy Truong Commune, Thai Thuy District, Thai Binh Province. Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc, Dao Van Tan, Phan Nguyen Hong

4. Characteristics of mangroves vegetation in Giao Thuy District. Phan Nguyen Hong, Dao Van Tan, Vu Thuc Hien, Tran Van Thuy5. Data on benthos in the mangrove areas of the Red River mouth. Do Van Nhuong, Hoang Ngoc Khac6. Some characteristics of Ocypodidae - Brachyura in the mangrove ecosystem of Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. Do Van

Nhuong, Keiji Wada7. Insect diversity in some mangrove forests of Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces. Le Xuan Hue, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha8. Fish composition in the mangrove of northern communes of Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. Duong Ngoc Cuong, Tran Minh

Khoa9. Composition of fish species at Tien Hai Wetland Nature Reserve, Thai Binh Province. Tran Thanh Than10. Characteristics of fish composition and fisheries in the coastal area of Nam Dinh Province. Vu Trung Tang11. Amphibians and reptiles in the coastal areas of Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces. Le Nguyen Ngat, Tran Giang Hoan12. The bird resource of Xuan Thuy National Park. Le Dinh Thuy13. Study of the anatomical structure and development of the reproductive organs of Kandelia obovata Sheue, Liu & Yong. Nguyen Thi

Hong Lien14. Some development stages of reproductive organs of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.)15. Blanco naturally growing in the coastal area of Northern Vietnam Nguyen Thi Hong Lien, Phan Nguyen Hong16. Research on bacteria in the mangrove ecosystem of some areas in Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province and insecticidal effect of

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, Le Xuan Hue17. Some biological characteristics of yeasts and their role in the mangrove ecosystems in Nam Dinh Province. Vuong Trong Hao,

Nguyen Thi Hai Yen, Tong Thi Mo

Scientific papers: Biodiversity, natural systems/ecosystemsIn: Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, 2004. Mangrove Ecosystem in the Red River coastal

zone: Biodiversity, Ecology, Socio-economics, Management and Educaion. Phan Nguyen Hong (ed.): 509pp:

18. Study of Streptomyces in soil samples from the mangroves of Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces. Nguyen Thanh Dat, Duong Minh Lam, Doan Van Thuoc

19. Micro - organisms in decomposing fallen leaves in the Kandelia obovata forest planted in Giao Lac Commune, Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. Mai Sy Tuan, Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh, Doan Van Thuoc

20. Effects of some ecological factors and planting techniques on the survival rate and growth performance of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh provinces. Tran Mai Sen, Dao Van Tan, Phan Hong Anh, Chiharu Miyamoto, Seiji Suda and Tetsumi Asano

21. The effects of stand-age and inundation on the carbon accumulation in soil of mangrove plantation in Nam Dinh, Northern Vietnam. Nguyen Thanh Ha, Reiji Yoneda, Ikuo Ninomiya, Ko Harada, Dao Van Tan, Mai Sy Tuan and Phan Nguyen Hong

22. Effects of low temperature on the growth and survival rate of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler planted in GiaoLac Commune, Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. Dao Van Tan, Tran Van Ba

23. Assessing the quality of the planted mangrove forest through forest structure and coverage in Giao Lac Commune, Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. Vu Doan Thai, Mai Sy Tuan

24. Mangroves as a coastal protection from waves in the Tonkin delta, Vietnam. Yoshihiro Mazda, Michimasa Magi, Motohiko Kogo and Phan Nguyen Hong

25. The relationship between benthos and mangrove forests in the coastal provinces of Northern Vietnam. PhamDinh Trong, Phan Nguyen Hong

26. Some results of research on benthos attached to mangroves and their adverse impacts. Hoang Ngoc Khac, Do Van Nhuong

27. The application of GIS to the management of mangrove plantations at Giao Thuy District . Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc28. Distribution of mangrove species during the Holocene period in the Red River delta, Vietnam. Nguyen Hoang Tri,

P.G.E.F. Augustinus, Dinh Van Thuan, Nguyen Dich Dy, Mai Duc Tan and Do Van Tu

Scientific papers: Socio-economic, natural resource management and policy

1. Le Van Hien, Mai Sy Tuan, 2003. Initial study on litterfall production and natural forest structure in Xuan Thuy National Park, Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. In: the proceedings of the scientific workshop “Results of scientific research and awareness raising for local communities in the mangrove areas of Nam Dinh and Thai Binh Provinces” 23-24 Dec. 2002, Hanoi, Agricultural Publishing House.

2. Hoang Van Thang (project leader), 2001. Proposal of the science and technology research task of environment: surveying, evaluating and recommending plans for management and sustainable use of coastal and estuarine wetlands in Nghia Hung District, Nam Dinh Province (in Vietnamese).

3. Questionnaire information on seed crabs in Nam Dinh (in Vietnamese)4. Questionnaire information on exploitation of natural resources and relevant issues in Nam Dinh (in

Vietnamese)5. Vu Trung Tang (program leader), 2005. Final report of the Environmental Preservation “Oriented

planning for some wetland ecosystems in the coastal zones of Northern Vietnam for sustainable development” Vietnam National University, Hanoi and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment: 230pp. (in Vietnamese).

6. HuÖ, 2004. Coastal Resource use and management in a village of northern Vietnam. Doctoral theisis. Institute of social studies, the Hague. TheNetherlands.

7. Le Xuan Tuan and Phan Thi Thuy, 1998. The role of magrove restoration in fishery resource in coastal communes of Thai Binh and Nam Dinh Province. In: P. N. Hong et all (Eds.). Proceedings of the national workshop on "Sustainable and economically efficient utilization of natural resources in mangrove ecosystem". Nha Trang, 1-3 November 1998. Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi 1999:187-189.

8. Pedersen et al.,1996). Pedersen. A, Nguyen Huy Thang, Vu Van Dung, Hoang Trong Tri, 1996. The Conservation of Key Coastal Wetland Sites in the Red River Delta. Birdlife International Conservation Report Number 8.

Scientific papers: Socio-economic, natural resource management and policy

9. Adger (1997) Adger, W.N., 1997. Income inequality in former centrally planned economies: results from the agricultural sector in Vietnam. Global environmental change working paper 97-06, Central for social and economic research on the global environmental, University of east aglia and university college London.

10. UNDP-GEF Medium-sized Project Brief, 2000. Conservation of Coastal Wetland in the Red River Delta: 19p.

11. Kevin Watkins, 1997. Reports of OXFAM on poverty in the (reference). Political Publisher (in Vietnamese).

12. Biodiversity action plan for Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Global Environment Facility Project VIE/91/G31

13. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 1998. Programme of implementation of the Central Resolution 4 (VIII session) (in Vietnamese)

14. The five million hectare afforestation programme15. 5 MHR Partnership Secretariat, International Cooperation Department, Ministry of Agriculture and

Rural Development, 2001. Five Million Hectare Reforestation, Program Partnership, Synthesis Report16. Secretariat of the 5 MHRP Partnership, MARD, 2000. Proceedings of the national workshop on

Challenges and vision for the 5 million ha reforestation program organized by partnership support program for the 5 million hectare reforestation program.

17. Announcement of biodiversity report in Vietnam18. Decree 109/2003/ND-CP of the Government on conservation and sustainable exploitation of wetland

areas

Scientific papers: Socio-economic, natural resource management and policyIn: Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, 2004. Mangrove Ecosystem in the Red River coastal

zone: Biodiversity, Ecology, Socio-economics, Management and Educaion. Phan Nguyen Hong (ed.): 509pp:

1. Local awareness about mangroves and institutions surrounding coastal resource use in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh coastal areas. Le Kim Thoa, Nguyen Hoang Tri, Phan Hong Anh

2. Assessment of socio-economic situation in coastal rehabilitated mangrove areas in four districts of Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces. Nguyen Huu Tho, Nguyen Hoang Tri, Le Kim Thoa

3. Socio - economic study of the protection and management of rehabilitated mangroves in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh provinces. Nguyen Hoang Tri, Nguyen Huu Tho, Le Kim Thoa, Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc

4. Community - based mangrove forest management in Giao Lac Commune, Giao Thuy District, Nam DinhProvince. Le Thi Van Hue

5. Management and sustainable use of estuarine wetlands of Nghia Hung District, Nam Dinh Province. Hoang Van Thang, Dang Anh Tuan

6. Planning the management of vegetation in the mangrove areas of Giao Thuy District for sustainable development. Phan Nguyen Hong, Nguyen Duy Minh, Quan Thi Quynh Dao, Tran Van Thuy

7. Some propagation and education activities of the exhibition programme "For the green of mangroves". Phan Nguyen Hong, Le Xuan Tuan, Le Kim Thoa, Phan Thi Minh Nguyet, Tran Minh Phuong, Nguyen ThiKim Cuc,Quan Thi Quynh Dao, Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh, Phan Hong Anh

8. The effectiveness of organizing a visit for secondary students of outstanding academic performance and disadvantaged students to Mangrove Ecosystem Research Station. Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh, PhanNguyen Hong

9. Study on some propaganda models to raise awareness about mangrove forest protection of coastal local communities. Nguyen Huu Tho, Phan Nguyen Hong, Tran Minh Phuong

10. Evaluating the propaganda and education effectiveness of "Mangrove forest clubs" in secondary schools in coastal areas. Tran Minh Phuong, Phan Thi Minh Nguyet

Reports of local authorities1. Nguyen Van Phan, 2003. Thematic report on socio-economic status of coastal

estuarine zones of Nam Dinh and orientations for development. The project: “Building up the community based model of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and management of sensitive ecosystems in the coastal estuarine areas of Nghia Hung, Nam Dinh” (in Vietnamese).

2. Nguyen Viet Cach, 2002. Xuan Thuy wetland protected area constraints, solutions and recommendations. In: Proceedings of UNESCO-MAB regional seminar ecotone X: Ecosystem valuation - for assessing functions, goods and services of coastal ecosystems in Southeast Asia and SeaBRnet meeting for coastal biosphere reserves. With Fund-in-trust support from the government of Japan. Hanoi, 19 - 23 Nov 2001, CRES/MAB Vietnam.

3. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 2003. Report on results of the implementation of political tasks in 2003, orientations, objectives, and tasks in 2004. (in Vietnamese)

4. People’s Committee of Giao Thien Commune, 2003. Report on the results of the implementation of the socio-economic and national defense tasks of 2002 and orientations for the year 2003 (in Vietnamese).

5. People’s Committee of Giao Xuan Commune, 2004. Report on the results of the task implementation of the year 2003, orientations for socio-economic development in 2004 (in Vietnamese).

Annex 2

Reports of local authorities

6. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 2004. Report on fishery development directions of Giao Thuy District in 2004 and solutions (in Vietnamese).

7. People’s Committee of Nam Dinh Province, 2003. Planning management, protection and development of Xuan Thuy National Park for the phase of 2004-2020 (in Vietnamese).

8. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 2002. Report on implementation of socio-economic tasks of the year 2001, orientations and socio-economic development tasks for the year 2002 (in Vietnamese).

9. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 2001. Report on implementation of socio-economic tasks of the year 2000, orientations and socio-economic development tasks for the year 2001 (in Vietnamese).

10. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 1999. Report on implementation of socio-economic tasks of the year 1998, orientations and socio-economic development tasks for the year 1999 (in Vietnamese).

11. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 2002. Master plan for socio-economic development of Giao Thuy District to the year 2010 (in Vietnamese).

12. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District. Brief report on planning land use to the year 2010 in Giao Thuy District (in Vietnamese). .

Statistical data and Maps

� Statistical Bureau of Nam Dinh Province, 2004. Report on socio-economic status for the six months of 2004 (in Vietnamese).

� Statistical data of Giao Thuy District (1995-2004)� Statistical data of Nam Dinh Province (1995-2004)� Map of Giao Thuy District (administration and land use) � Map of land use of Giao Thuy District 1998, 2000, and 2004.� Maps of the coastal districts of Thai Binh and Nam Dinh Provinces� Map of mangrove vegetation in the coastal area of Giao Thuy

District, Nam Dinh Province

Time tableStep 1: Collecting data and information: consultant/ ask policy makers)

Step 2: - Find gaps - Interim workshop- Fill the gaps:

Step 3: - Analysis of relationships/ linkages- Build model- Develop scenario(s) and estimate the impacts

Step 4: Finalising- Final paper - National Workshop- International workshop (Participations)

Thank you!

Annex 3

Dr Stuart BuntingCentre for Environment and Society, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UKTel: +44 (0)1206 872219; Email: swbunt@essex.ac.uk

- Basic terminology draws on the DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets (DFID, 2001) where:- primary stakeholders are the intended beneficiaries of reform and- key stakeholders are those who can influence the outcome of the reform process[1].

- Within the category of key stakeholders it has sometimes been found useful to differentiate further between secondary and tertiary stakeholders - based on geographic scale, management role and interest.

[1] Reference to beneficiaries implies passive receipt of aid or assistance from a benefactor or supporter, this feels at odds with the concept of participatory action and learning. Similarly, reform invokes a sense of fundamental reorganisation, root and branch reform, whereas the actual outcomes might be more subtle.

When considering stakeholders the concept of engagement is central; DFID (2001) described the nature of engagement as:

‘Involving those who stand to win or lose from policy or institutional reform, or who may influence the reform process, helps to make the interests of key stakeholders transparent and to build ownership of the reform process.’

Martin et al. (****) proposed a series of approaches to identify and explore stakeholder interests:

• small meetings with a few key stakeholders where other stakeholder groups are identified,

• stakeholder workshops to facilitate detailed exploration of activities, interests, contributions and opportunities for new networks, with information tabulated or represented using Venn diagrams (Figure 1)

• individual interviews with representatives of the main stakeholder groups, to discuss issues, perceptions, constraints and significant in relation to the MANGROVE Project objectives, potential areas of conflicts

• in-depth discussions with separate stakeholder groups• joint focus groups with representatives of each stakeholder groups, to

discuss issues arising from earlier meetings and develop a strategic vision for uptake promotion with policy makers.

Five elements constituting a stakeholder analysis were outlined in the DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets (DFID, 2001) thus:

• identify and define level of influence of primary stakeholders,• identify and define characteristics of key stakeholders,• assess manner in which they might affect or be affected by reform,• understand relations between stakeholders, including real or potential

conflicts and expectations between stakeholders,• assess capacity of different stakeholders to influence reform process.

Considering urban governance, Rakodi and Lloyd-Jones (2002)proposed that the relationship between stakeholders could be

represented using a Venn diagram.

Annex 3

Biosphere Reser e MB

- Forestry rangers

- Coat Guard/Frontier Army

- DONRE

- DARD

- Department of Fishery (DOF)

- Nature Reserve MB

- National Park MB

- Ramsar MB

- Provincial PC

- Distict PC

- Commune PC

- Farmer association

- Veterant Association

- Youth Association

- Women association

- Seadike maintenance

- Red-cross members

Key stakeholders

- Marine product traders

- School students

- Teachers

- Researchers

- Forestry guards

- Sedge culture

- Salt pan

- Crab seed collecting

- Bee-keeping

- Fish, crab, seaweet culture

- Shrimp culture

xxxxxx- Clam culture

xxxxxxxx- Trapping

xxxxxxxx- Collecting

xxxxx- FM-small

xxx- FM-Trawlers

- Fishmen

x- Farmer

Marine product traders

School students

Teachers

Researchers

Forestry guards

Sedge culture

Salt

pan

Crab seed collecting

Beekeeping

Fish, crab, seaweetculture

Shrimp culture

Clam culture

Trapping

Collecting

FMsmall

FMTrawlers

Fishmen

FarmerPrimary stakeholders

Potential Conflicts

Meet key stakeholder representatives to discuss mangrove management and planning:

• define their role/responsibilities/influence• identify principles/planning framework/legislation/etc…that guides

decision-making• give emphasis to issues relevant to coastal livelihoods: classification

of activity, zoning, relevant legislation, references to livelihoods in official documentation,

• define the priority of mangrove conservation with respect to other activities

Meet key stakeholder representatives to discuss mangrove management and planning:

• elicit perceived constraints to mangrove conservation and wise use• investigate initiatives to address these problems• discuss the perceived benefits of mangrove conservation and wise

use• discuss historical land-use change that has impacted on mangrove

area and discuss future prospects in light of planning initiatives, state level development objectives, globalization, international agreements, climate change

Describe actor/stakeholder roles in managing coastal natural resources and in guiding the formal land-use planning process, including their jurisdiction, sphere of influence and their position within the overall hierarchy. Furthermore, identify strategically significant user groups, institutions or committees, and individuals therein, that guide and influence policy formulation.

Develop the management/planning hierarchy to include landowners,leaseholders, community management bodies and employees and their power, influence and roles

Assess the knowledge needs of key actors/stakeholders interviewed and the most appropriate pathways for disseminating project outputs i.e. workshop participation, technical reports, media communications

Assess the potential role of strengthened civil society groups, producer associations and more informed advocates for the poor and local planners in developing appropriate management/development strategies for mangroves and adjacent coastal areas.

Develop a work programme to assess systematically the priority assigned by different institutions to mangrove conservation and wise use,constraints and opportunities associated with these practice andstrategies to manage these systems equitably

Report back on findings at stakeholder forum for verification and triangulation

Vietnam’s Project sitePreliminary identification (5: very high, 4: high, 3: average, 2: low, 1: very

low)

131116171512Total434532Existing projects324443-Communication223443-Travel445544-Permission

Logistics245433-Replanting ages

555333-Carbon sink /accumulation

222554-Typhoon buffer233555-Livelihood445543Significance

335543Existing knowledge/data

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Driv

ing

Forc

e-St

ate-

Res

pons

e

Dyn

amic

cau

sal m

odel

. It

iden

tifie

s a p

ress

ure

poin

t or

‘driv

ing

forc

e’ a

s an

inde

pend

ent v

aria

ble

and

trace

s ca

usal

rela

tions

hips

and

con

sequ

ence

s for

act

iviti

es,

ecol

ogic

al a

nd so

cial

stat

e, im

pact

and

hel

ps to

iden

tify

an a

ppro

pria

te re

spon

se

Iden

tifie

s roo

t cau

ses o

f pro

blem

s not

just

sym

ptom

s.

Use

d by

diff

eren

t sta

keho

lder

s.

Gen

der f

riend

ly

Req

uire

s in

terd

isci

plin

ary

rese

arch

te

am

incl

udin

g co

mpu

tatio

nal,

calib

ratio

n sk

ills.

H

igh

data

requ

irem

ents

.

Tim

e lin

es

Use

d w

ith p

artic

ular

stak

ehol

der g

roup

s or k

ey

info

rman

ts to

exp

lore

cha

nge

over

tim

e Sh

ows

key

even

ts a

nd c

hang

es, e

.g. i

n gr

owth

of u

rban

ar

ea,

ente

rpris

es,

agric

ultu

ral

chan

ge e

tc.

Lea

ds t

o di

scus

sion

of c

ause

s and

issu

es.

Use

as

a to

ol to

elic

it di

scus

sion

of c

hang

es a

nd

thei

r co

nseq

uenc

es,

and

not

sim

ply

a lis

t of

ev

ents

. V

isio

ning

For e

nvis

agin

g fu

ture

s with

indi

vidu

als o

r gro

ups.

Prel

imin

ary

activ

ity in

def

inin

g ac

tion

stra

tegi

es.

To f

ind

out h

ow p

eopl

e ar

e pl

anni

ng f

or th

eir

futu

res,

and

eval

uate

diff

eren

t act

iviti

es in

the

light

of s

hort

and

long

-term

goa

ls.

Indi

vidu

al

visi

onin

g al

low

s fu

ll ar

ticul

atio

n so

met

imes

diff

icul

t in

gro

ups,

alth

ough

gro

up

setti

ng g

ener

ates

bro

ad ra

nge

of id

eas.

Rea

chin

g co

nsen

sus i

s a m

uch

long

er p

roce

ss

*dev

elop

ed fr

om M

artin

et a

l. (2

001)

Tran

Min

h Ph

uong

, Le

Xuan

Tua

n, P

han

Tran

Min

h Ph

uong

, Le

Xuan

Tua

n, P

han

Nguy

en

Nguy

en H

ong

Hon

gM

angr

ove

Ecos

yste

m R

esea

rch

Div

isio

n (M

ERD

)M

angr

ove

Ecos

yste

m R

esea

rch

Div

isio

n (M

ERD

)Ce

ntre

for N

atur

al R

esou

rces

and

Env

ironm

enta

l Ce

ntre

for N

atur

al R

esou

rces

and

Env

ironm

enta

l Stu

dies

(CRE

S)St

udie

s (CR

ES)

Viet

nam

Nat

iona

l Uni

vers

ity, H

anoi

Viet

nam

Nat

iona

l Uni

vers

ity, H

anoi

SOM

E E

XPE

RIE

NC

E F

RO

M E

DU

CA

TIO

NSO

ME

EX

PER

IEN

CE

FR

OM

ED

UC

AT

ION

AC

TIV

ITIE

S O

N M

AN

GR

OV

E P

RO

TEC

TIO

NA

CT

IVIT

IES

ON

MA

NG

RO

VE

PR

OTE

CT

ION

IN C

OA

STA

L A

RE

AS,

VIE

TNA

MIN

CO

AST

AL

AR

EA

S, V

IETN

AM

Ann

ex 5

Cam

ping

at t

he m

angr

ove

exch

ange

com

petit

ion

at M

ERS

Vis

iting

man

grov

e fo

rest

s

Why

are

ed

ucat

ion

&

pro

pag

anda

W

hy a

re e

duc

atio

n &

p

rop

agan

da

acti

viti

es o

n m

ang

rove

for

ests

ac

tivi

ties

on

man

gro

ve f

ores

ts

nece

ssar

y?ne

cess

ary?

Pict

ure

and

post

er d

ispla

y on

man

grov

es

Ann

ex 5

STU

DY

STU

DY

OB

JEC

TIV

ESO

BJE

CTI

VES

•To

raise

aw

aren

ess o

f man

grov

e ro

le a

nd c

oasta

l en

viro

nmen

t pro

tect

ion

for s

tude

ntsa

nd c

omm

uniti

es

•To

help

stu

dent

s an

d lo

cal p

eopl

e un

ders

tand

the

cons

eque

nces

of c

onve

rting

man

grov

es to

shr

imp

pond

s an

d ot

her u

ses

•To

enc

oura

ge st

uden

ts an

d co

mm

uniti

es to

be

mor

e re

spon

sible

for a

nd in

volv

ed in

man

grov

e pr

otec

tion

Ann

ex 5

Act

ivit

ies

Act

ivit

ies

•St

udy

excu

rsio

ns

•Ex

hibi

tion

prog

ram

"F

or th

e gr

een

of m

angr

oves

“

•M

angr

ove

club

Man

grov

e fo

rest

clu

b of

Thu

y Tr

uong

Sec

onda

ry S

choo

l

Man

grov

e pi

ctur

e te

ar

and

past

e" g

ame

Ann

ex 5

Man

grov

e Ec

osys

tem

Res

earc

h St

atio

n (M

ERS)

Act

ivit

ies:

Act

ivit

ies:

--Lec

ture

sLe

ctu

res

--Pos

ter

and

bio

div

ersi

ty s

amp

le

Pos

ter

and

bio

div

ersi

ty s

amp

le

sig

hti

ng

sig

hti

ng

--V

ideo

film

V

ideo

film

--V

isit

to

MER

S g

ard

enV

isit

to

MER

S g

ard

en

--G

rou

p d

iscu

ssio

nG

rou

p d

iscu

ssio

n

--M

ang

rove

kn

owle

dge

gam

eM

ang

rove

kn

owle

dge

gam

e

Bio

dive

rsity

di

spla

yro

om

STU

DY

STU

DY

EXC

UR

SIO

NS

FOR

STU

DEN

TSEX

CU

RSI

ON

S FO

R S

TUD

ENTS

Ann

ex 5

inte

rnal

regu

latio

ns

and

prog

ram

me

Prof

. Vo

Qui

talk

ing

abou

t pr

oble

ms

of e

nviro

nmen

t

Lect

ure

onth

e ro

leof

man

grov

es

Stud

ents

ans

wer

ing

ques

tions

of l

ectu

rers

Ann

ex 5

VID

EO

VID

EO

FIL

MS

ON

MA

NG

RO

VE

SFIL

MS

ON

MA

NG

RO

VE

S

Vid

eota

peso

n:

-Xua

nTh

uyR

amsa

rwet

land

-Can

Gio

Man

grov

e –

Ho

Chi

Min

hC

ity

-Liv

ing

with

man

grov

es(I

SME)

Ann

ex 5

PO

STER

S, P

AIN

TIN

GS

AN

D S

PEC

IMEN

SO

FB

IOD

IVER

SITY

IN

MA

NG

RO

VE

AR

EASH

OW

NA

T M

ERS

Stud

ents

obs

ervi

ng fa

una

spec

imen

tsin

the

disp

lay

room

Stud

ents

look

ing

atpo

ster

sSt

uden

ts lo

okin

g at

co

mic

pai

ntin

gs

Ann

ex 5

VIS

ITIN

GTH

E M

AN

GR

OV

E G

AR

DEN

-C

omp

osit

ion

of

flor

a in

th

e g

ard

en:

+ M

ang

rove

sp

ecie

s in

th

e N

orth

+ M

ang

rove

sp

ecie

s co

llect

ed f

rom

th

e S

outh

-A

rea

for

wat

chin

g t

he

acti

viti

es o

f be

nth

os

Ann

ex 5

EV

ALU

AT

ING

RE

SU

LTS

OF

ST

UD

Y E

XC

UR

SIO

NS

Stud

ents

ans

wer

ing

mul

tipl

e ch

oice

qu

esti

ons

afte

r th

e st

udy

excu

rsio

n pr

ogra

m

Nam

Phu

Seco

ndar

y Sc

hool

Tha

i Do

Seco

ndar

y Sc

hool N

am D

ien

Seco

ndar

y Sc

hool

Ann

ex 5

Cam

ping

at t

he m

angr

ove

exch

ange

com

petit

ion

at M

ERS

Man

grov

e cl

ubM

angr

ove

club

Obj

ectiv

es:

Obj

ectiv

es:

--Es

tabl

ish

and

carr

y ou

t a

pilo

t Es

tabl

ish

and

carr

y ou

t a

pilo

t in

form

atio

n di

sem

inat

ion

mod

el fo

r in

form

atio

n di

sem

inat

ion

mod

el fo

r st

uden

tsst

uden

ts--

Prov

ide

stud

ents

with

kno

wle

dge

Prov

ide

stud

ents

with

kno

wle

dge

on m

angr

oves

on m

angr

oves

--Tr

ain

a ne

twor

k of

info

rmat

ion

Trai

n a

netw

ork

of in

form

atio

n di

ssem

inat

ors

diss

emin

ator

sCl

ub a

ctiv

ities

:Cl

ub a

ctiv

ities

:--

Lauc

h co

mpo

sing

con

test

sLa

uch

com

posi

ng c

onte

sts

--Co

mpi

le in

tern

al m

agaz

ines

abo

ut

Com

pile

inte

rnal

mag

azin

es a

bout

m

angr

oves

man

grov

es--

Hol

d co

ntes

ts o

n m

angr

oves

Hol

d co

ntes

ts o

n m

angr

oves

--Ex

chan

ge m

eetin

g am

ong

club

Ex

chan

ge m

eetin

g am

ong

club

m

embe

rsm

embe

rsMan

grov

e fo

rest

clu

b of

Thu

y T

ruon

g Se

cond

ary

Scho

ol

Ann

ex 5

Ann

ex 5

Obj

ecti

ves:

-T

o pr

ovid

e a

gene

ral k

now

ledg

e of

m

angr

oves

for

loca

l com

mun

ity

-T

o pr

ovid

e da

ta f

or p

arti

cipa

nts

in M

ga

mes

Con

ten

ts:

-In

trod

ucti

on t

o M

cha

ract

eris

tics

-R

ole

of M

tow

ard

natu

re a

nd h

uman

-D

estr

ucti

on o

f M

for

econ

omic

pur

pose

s an

d re

sult

ing

impa

cts

on e

nvir

onm

ent

and

coas

tal c

omm

unit

y-

Effe

cts

of M

refo

rest

atio

n

Act

ivit

y 1

: In

trod

ucti

on t

o th

e ro

le o

f m

angr

oves

th

rou

gh

imag

es o

n b

ig s

cree

n o

r vi

deo

Ann

ex 5

Nam

Phu

Obj

ecti

ves:

-

To

prov

ide

know

ledg

e ab

out

man

grov

e ec

osys

tem

Pic

ture

con

ten

ts:

-M

angr

ove

land

scap

e

-M

ain

Man

grov

e sp

ecie

s an

d aq

uati

c re

sour

ces

-R

ole

of M

-T

radi

tion

al o

ccup

atio

ns in

Mar

eas

-H

uman

impa

cts

on M

ecos

yste

m

-Ef

fect

s of

M r

ehab

ilita

tion

-Su

ppor

t of

NG

Os

Act

ivit

y 2

: P

oste

rs a

nd

pai

nti

ng

dis

pla

y

Tha

i Do

Ha

Noi

Ann

ex 5

Act

ivit

y 3

. Ran

king

pic

ture

s an

d p

hot

os

Obj

ecti

ves:

To

mak

e th

e au

dien

ce t

ake

a lo

ok a

t ev

ery

pict

ure

and

phot

o to

choo

seth

e be

st o

nes

Pro

cedu

res:

-N

umbe

ring

som

e se

lect

ed p

ictu

res

and

phot

os

-P

assi

ng o

ut r

anki

ng v

ouch

ers

-C

olle

ctin

g fi

lled

vouc

hers

, mar

king

and

giv

ing

priz

es

Res

ult

s: A

ttra

ctin

g a

grea

t nu

mbe

r of

pa

rtic

ipan

ts t

o w

atch

pic

ture

s an

d ph

otos

an

d to

be

invo

lved

in t

he g

ame

Ann

ex 5

Pro

cedu

res:

3 te

ams

of 3

par

tici

pant

s ea

ch

(stu

dent

s an

d yo

ung

peop

le)

chos

enfo

r th

e ga

me;

col

ored

pap

erto

rn b

y ha

nd a

nd p

aste

d on

A

opa

per;

the

gam

e la

sts

40 m

inut

es

-Whi

le t

he g

ame

took

pla

ce, t

he a

udie

nce

and

com

pere

wat

ched

the

gam

e, s

ang

song

s an

d he

arti

ly s

uppo

rted

pla

y te

ams

-The

jur

y m

arke

d th

e pa

ste-

and-

tear

wor

ks a

nd

the

Org

aniz

ing

Boa

rd g

ave

priz

es

Res

ult

s-

Att

ract

a g

reat

num

ber

of a

udie

nce

espe

cial

ly

scho

ol s

tude

nts

-T

he g

ame

is o

f M

prot

ecti

on e

duca

tion

al v

alue

-

Hel

p de

velo

p ar

tist

ic a

ptit

ude

for

scho

ol s

tude

nts

and

yout

h

Act

ivit

y 4

. Man

gro

ve p

ictu

rete

ar a

nd

pas

te

Ann

ex 5

Ob

ject

ives

:

-To

en

cou

rage

Mpl

anti

ng

acti

vity

-To

en

cou

rage

tea

m s

piri

t am

ong

the

audi

ence

-To

mak

e th

e au

dien

ce f

eel c

omfo

rtab

le&

rela

xed

Team

s:T

here

are

tw

o te

ams

in t

he g

ame,

4

peop

le in

eac

h te

am;

plan

ting

ste

ps in

clud

e:

hole

dig

ging

, tre

e pl

anti

ng, f

enci

ng a

nd

wat

erin

g

Res

ult

s:A

gre

at d

eal o

f the

aud

ienc

e w

atch

ed a

nd h

eart

ily s

uppo

rted

the

pl

ayin

g te

ams

Act

ivit

y 5

. Gam

e “M

ang

rove

pla

nti

ng

wit

h

trou

ble

som

e b

alls

”

Ann

ex 5

Ob

ject

ives

:To

pro

vide

an

d ex

chan

ge

know

ledg

e ab

out

man

grov

es a

nd

un

ders

tan

din

gs a

bou

t su

rrou

ndi

ng

envi

ron

men

t

Con

ten

ts:

-

An

swer

ing

ques

tion

s ab

out

man

grov

es

-U

sin

g a

big

scr

een

to

pres

ent

ques

tion

s an

d ke

ys w

ith

illu

stra

ted

imag

es

Res

ult

s:-T

he

audi

ence

larg

ein

nu

mbe

r en

thu

sias

tica

lly in

volv

ed in

th

e ga

me

-U

nde

rtan

din

gan

d aw

aren

ess

of t

he

role

of

M w

ere

impr

oved

.

-M

dest

ruct

ion

act

ion

s w

ere

con

dem

ned

Act

ivit

y 6

. Man

gro

ve q

uiz

gam

eA

nnex

5

Aft

er13

tri

ps im

plem

enti

ng t

he

exhi

biti

on p

rogr

amm

ein

13

loca

litie

s

1.C

oord

inat

ion

and

coop

erat

ion

betw

een

the

orga

nizi

ng b

ody,

aut

hori

ties

and

m

ass

asso

ciat

ions

are

ver

y im

port

ant

2. T

he a

dvoc

acy

of lo

cal p

eopl

e ha

s to

bas

e on

loca

l soc

ieti

es a

nd s

choo

ls u

sing

po

ster

s an

d sl

ogan

s, lo

ud s

peak

er a

nd

radi

o

3. T

here

nee

ds t

o be

sec

urit

y pe

rson

elat

sit

es

whe

re t

he e

xhib

itio

n an

d ga

mes

tak

e pl

ace

to

avoi

d di

sord

er a

nd d

amag

e to

the

exh

ibit

s

4. T

he m

obile

pro

gram

me

shou

ld b

e or

gani

zed

on

a m

oder

ate

scal

e,

pref

erab

ly

in

one

day

(wee

kend

s or

hol

iday

s ar

e th

e be

st)

Ann

ex 5

5. I

nteg

rati

on o

f si

ngin

g an

d ar

tist

ic

perf

orm

ance

at

in

terv

als

of

man

grov

e ga

mes

bri

ngs

abou

t hi

gh

effe

ctiv

enes

s of

the

pro

gram

wit

h a

grea

t nu

mbe

r of

att

enda

nce.

6.

The

re

need

s to

be

sm

all

pres

ents

Ann

ex 5

Than

ks t

o th

e pr

opag

anda

an

d ed

uca

tion

on

th

e ro

le o

f m

angr

oves

:

1.

The

maj

orit

y of

loca

l peo

ple

cle

arly

und

erst

and

the

mu

lti-

sid

ed r

ole

of m

ang

rove

eco

syst

ems.

2. T

he

loca

l com

mu

nit

ies

are

pro

vide

d w

ith

use

ful a

nd

in

tere

stin

g c

ult

ura

l act

ivit

ies

(art

isti

c p

erfo

rman

ce).

3. L

ocal

aw

aren

ess

of e

nvi

ron

men

tal a

nd

man

gro

ve p

rote

ctio

n

is im

pro

ved

for

th

e cu

ltu

ral l

ife

of t

he

pres

ent

and

fu

ture

g

ener

atio

ns.

4. L

ocal

peo

ple

in s

ome

loca

litie

s h

ave

effe

ctiv

ely

pro

test

ed

agai

nst

th

e co

ntr

acts

ab

out

the

bid

din

g o

f m

ang

rove

s fo

r sh

rim

p p

ond

s si

gned

by

pro

vinc

ial l

ocal

lead

ers

wit

h

com

pan

ies.

Aft

er t

he

exh

ibit

ion

pro

gra

mm

es, n

o p

eop

le a

re

fou

nd

to

des

troy

man

gro

ves.

Ann

ex 5

Ann

ex 5

Annex 6. Draft news item from MANGROVE website

Following capacity-building support provided by NACA to the Vietnam National

University (VNU) and anticipating the start of fieldwork in Vietnam, Dr Stuart

Bunting, University of Essex, travelled to Bangkok from the 3rd to 10th February 2007

to meet with colleagues form the Mangrove Research Ecosystem Division, VNU,

discuss progress and plan activities required to complete the objectives for the first

phase of the MANGROVE Project. Activities in this phase include: multidisciplinary

situation analyses of mangrove ecosystems at selected sites in Indonesia, Thailand and

Vietnam; stakeholder, market and institutional analysis; development of

communication plans for each project site; increasing awareness amongst

stakeholders concerning the role of mangroves in poor livelihoods. Furthermore, joint

meetings between Dr Bunting, Prof Hong, Prof Tri and Song Ha Nguyen and

Edwards Smith, STREAM, NACA were held to plan the implementation of

Sustainable Livelihoods Analysis and Participatory Rural Appraisal work in the field

... more on this here soon.

Ann

ex 7

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09

Annex 8. Schedule of meetings Hanoi 3rd Feb to 10th Feb 2007

Saturday 3rd Feb

09:35 Arrive Hanoi, Vietnam Car to Hotel, Hanoi

Sunday 4th Feb

09:00-10:30 Meeting with Prof Hong and MERD team members, MERD Office, Hanoi

Monday 5th

09:00-12:15 Meeting with VNU team, MERD Office, Hanoi 14:00-16:00 Discussion with VNU tam 16:00-17:30 Preparation presentation

Tuesday 6th

09:00-12:00 Meeting with VNU team and STREAM/NACA representatives 13:00-17:30 Preparing report and presentation on WP 1 methodology and guidelines

Wednesday 7th

09:00-13:30 Meeting with VNU team, VNU presentations and report writing 13:30-17:30 Fieldtrip to handicrafts village

Thursday 8th

09:00-11:30 Discussion and work plan preparation with VNU team 12:30-14:00 Report writing 14:00-18:00 Report writing - Situation Analysis, Market Analysis, Institutional Analysis

Friday 9th

09:00-13:00 Forward planning presentation from VNU, discussion, report writing 14:00-16:00 Joint meeting with VNU, STREAM/NACA, UOE to discuss implementation 16:00-17:30 Report writing

20:35 Depart Hanoi Airport

Saturday 10th

06:20 Arrive London Heathrow