Chapter I

Introduction

1.1 The Background of the Study

Human beings able communicate with other people. We able to exchange knowledge, ideas, beliefs, wishes, threats, commands, thanks, promises, declaration, feeling only our imagination set the limits. We able to laugh to express amusement, happiness, or disrespect, we can smile to express amusement, pleasure, approval, or bitter feeling, we can shriek to express anger, excitement, or fear, we clench our fists to express determination, anger or threat, we can raise our eyebrows to express surprise or disapproval and conversely.

Language is a tool of the most important and highly instrumental in humans. Human instinct always live together need to communicate with each other. By using the language of a person can talk to other people to be able to understand and accept. Shape and desire anything that belongs to humans require language. Language is a systematic tool that communicates an idea or feeling through a set of signs, sound, motion or gesture conventional and implies (Ridwan dalam Bahasa dan Linguistik 1986:2).

Language is foremost a means of communication, and communication almost always takes place within some sort of social context. This is way effective communication requires an understanding and recognition of the connections between a language and the people who use it. The connections are complex for example, they tell you when to use slang with a friend or formal language with a boss, how to judge a candidates campaign speeches, and whether to abbreviate an email.

Language is integrally intertwined with our notions of who are on both the personal and the broader, societal levels. When we use language, we communicate our individual thoughts, as well as the cultural beliefs and practices of the communities of which we are a part: our families, social groups, and other associations. Language reflects both the individual characteristics of a person, as well as the beliefs and practices of his/her community.

No one can decry the important roles played by language in our daily lives. For this reason, we are going to mention some social function of language: language is not simply of communicating information about the weather and other subjects, but it is also a very important means of establishing and maintaining relationship with other people.

Another important social function of language in conveying information about the person you are with for instance what sort of job they do and what social status they have. Without this information you will not be sure how to behave toward him. Of course, you can make intelligent guesses about the second from their clothes and visual clues, but hardly ask direct questions about their social background. What you can do is to engage them in conversation and the thing you are going to learn will be learnt not so much from what the other says as from how it is said.

Ever since the publishing of Brown & Levinsons influential article Universal in language usage. Politeness phenomena in 1978, linguistic politeness has been the subject of extensive research in the fields of pragmatics.

Previous researcher, had research about the expression of politeness in Arthur millers play death of a salesman. Also some journal to support this topic, the first) politeness strategies used by toba batak sellers in samosir is about how Toba Batak Sellers in Samosir used politeness strategy based on data that they are get is positive politeness the dominant one, and the second) politeness strategies in responding to compliments in Javanese is about how Javanese in Responding to Compliments used politeness strategy based on data that they are get is examined both from the general theory of politeness and the Javanese cultural concepts.

So, the researcher want to continue this research with the object is Demi Ucok movie who talk about batak character. Gloria character in this film is hard . Hard in a positive sense means she is not against the parents in ways when he was ordered by his mother. However, he was hard against her mother's wishes to marry with men of batak. But, she refused to marry, and she wanted to pursue her career.

Characteristic of a tribe will be attached to a man from the tribe and will continue to be preserved from generation to generation. One is by way parenting. Researchers use the term subjective culture as part of the culture. Subjective culture is a typical way of looking at culture community social environment (warnaen,2002).

Peoples who live close together, speaking the same dialect, similar activities or in other words having the same cultural values, tend to have the same subjective culture anyway. So that, when associated with tribes in Indonesia, each tribe has its own subjective culture and different from each other.

In addition as part of the culture, the researchers also used the term subjective culture as a link between personality and culture. It is in line with the definition of personality according to Piedmont (1998 ) which states that personality is the intrinsic organization in the development of the mental life of someone who is stable over time and consistent in different situations, which in addition is influenced by factors in the development of the individual is also influenced by culture and context.

In discussing the link between a form of culture with personality, the researchers used two elements of subjective culture, the stereotypes and values - cultural values.

The selection of these two elements is the result of both these elements closely associated with personality . Stereotype containing bonding associations between categories and attributes

(Warnaen, 2002). For example, the category is the vagabond has an attribute that is hard.

People who careful to use their language, they must look what the condition they are, how the condition can happen, and when this language are used. But in the other hand, people not care about what the condition they are, how the condition can happen, and when this language are used. It is make people apathetic, and the utterance especially in Jakarta people said that siapa loh, siapa gua. It means that people not needed someone else. And maybe she/he thinks that they can life without someone that can help or close with them.

Generally, when we look surround us we will see what people do are most what they think important to his/her. They not care about the needed of some people surround them. Only because they need someone, they make a relation. And it is happen just for they need something. And so many even in surround us happened people busy to his/her self, and just focus to their activities and what they think can gratify, like busy for himself.

If judging from his origin , manners means rule of life that resulted from the association group of people in society and regarded as the demands of daily interaction - the society today. It can be concluded that the attitude of courtesy done anywhere where we are, in accordance with the needs of the environment, space, and time because manners are relative which is regarded as the norm courtesy different in each place, as polite at home, environment, school, college, relationships, and so forth. This is a place we do so wherever we are, we will always be respected, appreciated, and loved our existence by other people.

There are many ways of stating intention. This is done in order to practice communication. For example to inform something, to get information, to ask someone, and to express attitudes. To communicate is to express a certain attitude. A certain attitude that can be strategy in communication is politeness. Politeness is the best strategy as the practical application of good manners or etiquette.

Now, we want to know how important polite in our life. So, we decide to measure how people used the polite in their life and how people being polite one to each other, also to know what will we do to measure politeness in every conversation that they are used in their daily communication.

Politeness, in an interaction, can then be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another persons face (George:61). In this sense, politeness can be accomplished in situations of social distance or closeness. Showing awareness for another persons face when that other seems socially distant is often described in terms of respect or deference.

Politeness is very important way that we must used to show respect in community, especially if we know the position of the speakers and listeners. In every conversation, there are many ways of stating intention. When we are in a group of friends we can say to them l want to borrow your money! . When we are around a group of adults, we must say could you please to lend me your money, sir, if you dont mind!.

So, we can prove many theories to measure conversation. And the movie that we choose to measure theory of politeness is DEMI UCOK. Exactly Glorias utterance in DEMI UCOK. Demi ucok is a refreshing comedy based on own story from a first time Indonesian female director. Why we choose this movie in to this research is one of movie that young people will, because the story tells about the Glorias mother or Mak Gondut wants to find her daughter a husband from batak. The cosmopolitan Gloria prefers to follow her passion, which is making movies, rather than stepping into a marriage. But time is ticking on and she is faced with the challenging task of finding the money to achieve her dreams, and the second is what the benefit when we watch this movie.Demi Ucok movie created and publish on the 2013 in Indonesian. Demi Ucok is one of the famous movie in toba batak that are booming now on and so many people like it. The study of politeness is aimed at investigating the language use in society, which is appropriate to the situation and also aimed at maintaining good relationships between speakers and listeners. Politeness strategies are developed for the main purpose of dealing with these FTAs (Face Threatening Act). FTA is act that infringe on the hearers need to maintain his/her self-esteem and be respected.

Brown and Levinsons politeness theory can be a powerful tool to analyze politeness phenomena, not only in goal-oriented interaction, but also in non-goal oriented interaction of this nature. However, there is considerable room to expand Brown and Levinsons list of politeness strategies, such as by focusing on the manner and sequence of an extend interaction like the casual conversation examine how important polite to our life.

1.2 The Problem of the Study

Relating to the background of the study above, the problems of the study were formulated as follows:

a. What maxims of politeness are used Gloria in Demi Ucok Movie?

b. What is the dominant maxim of expression are used in Demi Ucok Movie?

c. What makes the dominant maxim of politeness used in Demi Ucok Movie?

d. What is the implication dominant maxim of politeness used in Demi Ucok Movie?

1.3 The Scope of the Study

The study analysis about politeness expressions in Demi Ucok movie. It takes from the whole Gloria conversation. This study focuses on Leechs theory which introduces six maxims. There are tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, and sympathy maxim.

1.4 The Object of the Study

In relation to the problem, the objective of the study is to find out the politeness maxims and the dominant one which is used in Demi Ucok movie based on Leechs theory.

1.5 The Significance of the Study

This study will hopefully contribute something important in the use of language. The findings of this study are expected to be useful for ;

1. Hopefully it is useful for teacher and lectures of pragmatics to apply politeness principles especially in speech to the student.

2. It is useful for further researcher to make a more positive contribution to theory information.

3. By studying the politeness principles people aware to determine the choice of words in expression the idea or meaning in a given context, because being polite is important thing in our life to connect to other.

4. It is useful for English department student to contribute to their understanding of politeness principal in social reality and its connection to language and interaction.

Chapter II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Theoritical Frame Work

Politeness is the best expressed as the practical application of good manners or etiquette. Leech (1980 : 19) defines it as strategic conflict avoidance, which can be measured in terms of the degree of effort put into the avoidance of a conflict situation and the establishment and maintenance of comity. The avoidance of conflict is represented as a conscious effort on part of the person being polite. If politeness is behavior, which aims at the establishment and maintenance of comity, this must mean that people evaluate other forms of behavior subverting those aims.

Speech is a formal speak to the audience that a show case where speaker becomes a center of attention of people who listen because the speaker is the source of news or information. By giving speech speaker need to be polite to other people who listen the speech.

Thats why it is interesting to analyze the politeness of speech of someone who speech in some place that they want to convey. Or it can be a headmaster of school give a speech to the student for their accreditation. In analyzing it, it needs some theories that easy to analyze it.

2.2 Pragmatics

Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics. Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics that study about language and the context. It is about the study of the ability of language users to pair sentences with the context in which they would be appropriate.

Pragmatics is the study of the use of language in communication, particularly the relationship between the sentences and the contexts in situation in which they are used. Pragmatics is the study of the contextual meaning. It is also approach necessarily explores how listeners can make inferences about what is said in order to arrive at an interpretation of the speakers intended meaning. This type of study explores how a great deal of what is unsaid is recognized as part of what is communicated. We might say that it is the investigation of visible meaning. Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than is said.

Pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker or writer and interpreted by a listener or the reader. It has, consequently more to do with the analysis of what people mean by their utterances than what the words or phrases in those utterances might mean by themselves.

Pragmatics is the study of the speaker meaning. This type of this study necessarily involves the interpretation of what people mean in a particular context and how the context influences what is said.

It requires a consideration of how speaker organize what they want to say in accordance with who they are talking to, where, when, and under what circumstances. Pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning (Yule, G 2000 : 3).

On the other hand Webster New Word College Dictionary (2002 : 137) defined pragmatics is the branch of linguistics concerned with meaning in context or the meaning of sentences in terms of speaker intention in using them; in The Linguistics Encyclopedia (1991 : 174). Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics which studies those aspects of meaning which derive from the context of an utterance rather than being intrinsic to the linguistics material self, whereas Yule (1996) describes about definition of pragmatics as following:

a. Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning. This involves the understanding of what is communicated by people in a context and how the context influences people what is communicated.

b. Pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning. It indicates that how the listener can get the idea from what the speaker conveys. The speaker should pay attention on how important the situation in applying the language.

c. Pragmatics is the study of how to get more of what is communicated that is offered. It refers to how a great deal of what is unsaid is considered as part f what is communicated.

2.3 Politeness

The etymology and existing dictionary definitions of politeness are of interest since they may provide clues to the historical origin of the phenomenon and common values associated with the term.

Politeness in an interaction, can then be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another persons face. In this sense, politeness can be accomplished in situations of social distance or closeness. Showing awareness for another persons face when that other seems socially distant is often described in terms of respect or deference.

It is possible to treat politeness as a fixed concept, as in the idea of polite social behavior or etiquette, within a culture. It is also possible to specify a number of different general principles for being polite in social interaction within a particular culture. Some of these might include being tactful, generous, modest, and sympathetic toward others.

Polite is derived from the Latin adjective politus, meaning polished or smooth. The act or behavior of being polite is performed by an individual agent and yet it is at the same time, an intrinsically social one, social that is in the dual sense of being socially constituted and of feeding back into the process of structuring social interaction.

2.4 The Theories of Politeness

Generally, speaking politeness involves taking account of the feelings of others. A polite person makes others feel comfortable. Polite is derived from latin adjective politus or smooth (Deutschmann 2003 : 24). Politeness is one of the significant patterns of interaction in particular social situations and particular social system. Politeness having or showing that one has good manners and consideration for other people.

In addition, Robin lakoff defines politeness as a system of interpersonal relation designed to facilitate interaction by minimizing the potential for conflict and confrontation inherent in all human interchange.

Concluded, that politeness is the best expressed as the practical application of good manners or etiquette.

In realization of communication, the use of language is very sensitive. So, one of the important thing in using the language politeness is the speaker-listener understanding each other by considering their status, relationship, etc.

As yules assessment states politeness in interaction, can then be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another persons face. In this sense, politeness can be accomplished in situations of social distance or closeness. Showing awareness for another persons face when that other seems socially close is often described in terms of friendliness, camaraderie, or solidarity (Yule, in Minda 2006).

Many different points of view in realization of politeness make the linguistics propose some theories in analyzing politeness some theories of politeness will be elaborate as follows :

2.4.1 Leechs Theory

Politeness according to Leech, involves minimizing the cost and minimizing the benefit to speaker/hearer. As theoretically the politeness principles thus consists of six maxims that namely Tact Maxim, Generosity Maxim, Approbation Maxim, Modesty Maxim, Agreement Maxim and Sympathy Maxim.

a. The tact maxim states : Minimize the expression of benefit which imply cost to other, maximize the expression of beliefs which imply benefit to other. By the tact maxim, it is meant that we try to be tactful in a communication by observing two sub maxims : 1) we try to minimize cost to other, and 2) we try to maximize benefit to others.

For example : could l interrupt you for a second?

If l could just clarify this then.

b. Generosity maxim states : minimize the expression of benefit to self, maximize the expression of cost to self. By the generosity maxim, it is meant that we all try to be generous in a communication in that : 1) we try to minimize benefit to self, and 2) we try to maximize cost to self.

for example : you must come and have dinner with us

lll make you a cup of coffee.

c. Approbation maxim states : minimize the expression of the beliefs which express dispraise of other, maximize the expression of beliefs which express approval of other. By the approbation maxim, it is meant we all try to be approbation in communicating in that : 1) we try to minimize the dispraise of others, and 2) we try to maximize praise of others.

For example : son, I know youre a genius would you know to solve this math problem here?

d. Modesty maxim states : minimize the expression of praise of self, maximize the expression of dispraise of self. By the modesty maxim, it is meant that we all try to be modest in that : 1) we try to minimize praise of self, and 2) we try to maximize dispraise of self.

For example : please accept my small gift as token our esteem.

e. Agreement maxim states : minimize the expression of disagreement between self and other, maximize the expression of agreement between self and other. By the agreement maxim, it is meant that we all try to be agreeable to one another in a dialog in that : 1) we try to minimize disagreement between self and others, and 2) we try to maximize agreement between self and others.

For example : yes, but maam, l thought we resolved this already on your last visit.

f. Sympathy maxim states : minimize antipathy between self and other, maximize sympathy between self and other. By the sympathy maxim, it is meant that we all try to be sympathetic to one another in dialog in that : 1) we try to minimize antipathy between self and others, and 2) we try to maximize sympathy between self and others.

For example : l was so sorry to hear about that accident.

2.5 Language of Literature

Thought andspeechare inseparable from each other. Matter and expression are parts of one;styleis a thinking out intolanguage. This is what I have been laying down, and this is literature: notthings, not the verbal symbolsof things; not on the other hand mere words; but thoughts expressed in language (John Henry Newman 1801-1890).

Appropriate linguistic terms and descriptions can articulate an inward understanding of the working of a language, and can situate the verbal technique of a particular text among the range of available repertoires for writing and speaking the variety of kinds of text and kind of the language use that exist : text-poems, short-stories, extracts from novel, etc.

The characteristics of the language in play are modeled on real-life conversation among the people and one also considers the differences between the real talk and the play talk.Language in the play can generally be presented either as monologue or dialogue. Monologue means that only one character speaks while dialogue always requires two or more participants. In comparison to monologues, dialogues is most frequently used type of speech in the play. In analyzing dialogue, one can look at turn-taking and the allocation of turns to different speakers.

2.6 Movie

A movie is also called a film or emotion picture. Movie encompasses individual motion pictures, the field or film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects.

Movie is more often used when considering artistic, theoretical, or technical or technical aspects as student in university in university class. Movies more often refers to entertainment or commercial aspects, as where to go for fun on a date.

Movie is considered to have its own language. Examples of the language are a sequence of back and forth images of one actors left profile speaking, followed by another actors right profile speaking, then a repetition of this, which is a language understood by the audience to indicate a conversation.

Movie are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures and in turn, affect them. Movie is considered to be an important art from a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating or indoctrinating citizens. The visual elements of cinema give motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.The origin of the name film or movie comes from the fact that photographic film also called film stock has historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photo-play and flick. A common name for film in the united states is movie, while in Europe the term cinema is preferred. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema and the movies.

Another is zooming in on the forehead of an actor with an expression of silent reflection, and then changing to a scene of a younger actor who vaguely resembles the first actor, indicating the first actor is having a memory of their own past.

2.7 The Summary of Demi Ucok Movie

Gloria is the only daughter owned by Glorias mother. She is old girl which does not have a boyfriend. Gloria do not want to be like her mother , is married , forgotten her dreams , and live with the routine thereafter. Gloria wants to pursue her dreams , which made the film . While Glorias mother that in sickness and sentenced to stay alive for another year still determined to find a partner to Gloria so later married and live happily ever after. Glorias mother, 55-year -old widow has a daughter named Gloria.

Gloria ripe age , but she is not going to get married , even the boyfriend did not possess. she also refused to go on Match the given this fact , Glorias mother was restless . Glorias mother who sentenced her to stay one more year , it continues to seek Ucok that Gloria could marry and live happily ever after.

Ambition Glorias mother very opposed to idealism Gloria who has a strong determination to pursue its goal of being a film director .

Gloria also do not want to end up like her mother who in her view : mating , forgotten her dreams and boring life forever .

Achieving the dream is not easy back your hand , whether it is a dream that her son Ucoks mother can mate and highly coveted dream of a Gloria as a film director . Glorias problem is she does not have fresh funds to make the film.

Gloria dizzy when looking for funding for the film , Glorias mother come with an offer . Insurance money worth one billion was ready to be launched Glorias mother, with one condition , Gloria should want to marry with her choice.

2.8 Biography of Geraldine Sianturi or Gloria and Her Character

Geraldine sianturi born 22 september 1984, also she ia an actress for Demi Ucok. She have aspiration of becoming a doctor when she a child. But more often express his hobbies like singing, dancing, and join the play. Growing up, Geraldine even become a lawyer at Legal Aid, defended the oppressed people.

Geraldine sianturi married at the age of 23 and her husband brought into Singapore since November 2007. She with the spirit of doing any of selling property to stand all day selling bread, working as property agent in Singapore with the aim of helping fellow Indonesian friends in finding a place to live there.

Gloria the only daughter owned by Glorias mother. Gloria do not want to be like her mother get married, forgotten her dreams, and live with the routine there after. Gloria wants to persuade her dreams, which made film again.

Gloria ripe age, but she is not going to get married , even the boyfriend did not possess. she also refused to go on Match the given this fact , Glorias mother was restless .

Chapter III

RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 The Research Method

In concluding this research, the researcher used descriptive qualitative approach which purposed to find out the types politeness principles that namely (1) Tact Maxim, (2) Generosity Maxim, (3) Modesty Maxim, (4) Approbation Maxim, (5) Agreement Maxim, and (6) Sympathy Maxim in Glorias Demi Ucok movie. The descriptive qualitative research is the research conducted to descriptive situations, events, or occurrences of the basic data.

The final result of a descriptive qualitative study is to support or challenge the existing theory itself in the study of new phenomena.

3.2 The Source of Data

The source of data was derived from conversation of Gloria Demi Ucok that focuses on the politeness expression of Gloria in Demi Ucok movie.

3.3 The Technique of Collecting Data

The technique of collecting data was conducted to get information in which is needed to achieve the purpose of study research. The data collected from movie that the researcher transcript the whole conversation that Glorias speak by documentary technique. Documentary technique means reading, studying, and analyzing all the study to collect required information.

In this study, the data will be collect from movie transcript the whole conversation that Glorias speak. Then conversation printed was red to get the politeness expression then each sentence was identified based on the theory of Leech.

3.4 The Technique of Analyzing Data

The procedure for analyze data based on the following step :

1. Transcript the dialogues or conversation of Gloria in Demi Ucok movie.

2. Identifying the types of politeness principles which are used by Gloria in Demi Ucok movie.

3. Classifying the types of politeness principles that are used by Gloria in Demi Ucok movie.

4. Finding out the types of politeness principles that is dominantly used in Gloria in Demi Ucok movie by using formula.

X = F/N x 100

Where :

X: The percentage of the items

F:FrequencyN: The total number of the items

5. Analyzing the relationship between the conversation to politeness principle.