Responsive Industrial Workplaces: Quality of life

Responsive Industrial Workplaces, PROF. HEBA KHALIL

Responsive Industrial Workplaces: Quality of life indicators within the context of Sustainable UrbanismClimate Resilience of Micro, Small and Medium Industrial Workplaces in Egypt: A future-fit approach to retrofit1-3rd June 2021

HEBA ALLAH ESSAM E. KHALIL

PROFESSOR OF SUSTAINABLE URBANISM, DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE,

SENIOR COORDINATOR, ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PRO GRAM, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, CAIRO UNIVERSITY

HUMPHREY 2016/2017 FELLOW, SPURS, DUSP, MIT.


Climate Change and Responsive Design


Climate change in the MENA region,

Prospect Increase in Temperature in the Middle East and North Africa by mid-century, change in near-surface temperature in degrees K during winter (left) and summer (right) for 2046–2065 (mid-century) relative to 1986–2005,

Credit: Climatic Change / MPI for Chemistry (Lelieveld, et al., 2016)


Land Surface Temp. & Urban Heat Island

Kloss, P., Lotfata, A. & Khalil, H. (2021) Integrated and Innovative

Greenery Measures to Mitigate Urban Heat Island Effect in the Greater Cairo Unplanned Areas, paper under review.


Egypt INDCs (Intended Nationally Determined Contributions)Sectors

Agricultural sector

Coastal zones

Water resources &

irrigationHealth sector

Rural areas, Population and Roads

Tourism Sector

Energy Sector

Proposed adaptation sectors in Egypt’s INDCs (ARE, 2015)Yara Eissa (2019) Urban Governance and the Mainstreaming of Climate Change Adaptation Planning within Local Government: The Case of Giza Governorate, Egypt, MSc, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University

NO CLEAR CONCERN TO

URBAN AREAS

Egypt is responsible for only 0.6% of global emissions, thus the government’s focus is mainly on adaptation.


A vital link to attract Ministerial Attention

Courtesy of Carl Philipp Schuck

and counter argue the other more pressing issues:daily needs; food, potable water, sanitation and housing.


The Giza Climate Change Strategy (GCCS)The strategy is based on the assessment of climate change hot spots in Giza Governorate.

Based on this assessment, a list of themed projects was developed and included in the strategy.

These themed projects are in-line with the vulnerable sectors in Egypt identified by the National Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (2011).

GCCS

Agriculture

Health

Industry

Water Resources

& Irrigation

Water & Sewage Services

Urban Sector &

Infra-structure

Tourism

GCCS main focus sectors

Yara Eissa (2019) Urban Governance and the Mainstreaming of Climate Change Adaptation Planning within Local Government: The Case of Giza Governorate, Egypt, MSc, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University

Participatory Development Programme (PDP), GIZ


Complex SystemsIn complex systems it is easier to look back and understand than to look forward and predict

Predict Understand

Control Influence

Plan Learn

However now Machine Learning can help bridge this gap with the help of BIG DATA (Telecom data, real time data) and Computing capabilities

System Performance and predictions on the city scale

Next is Evidence Based Planning


Decoupling development and resource consumption

Africa is the least urbanized continent.

The rate of urban growth in Africa is almost 11 times the growth rate in Europe (UN-Habitat 2016).

This rapid growth is shaped by many factors including: ◦ natural increase,

◦ immigration,

◦ growth of existing urban settlements,

◦ reclassification of rural settlements

◦ conflicts or disasters. Two key aspects of decoupling as applied to sustainable development, namely resource decoupling and impact decoupling.

(27)


Being less consuming doesn’t mean you are more green

Sustainable Development and Resource Intensity

Egypt


Greater Cairo (GC) Urban Development Strategy, Part I: Future Vision and Strategic Directions 2012, Database of the GC Geographic Information Systems - GOPP

CAIRO, GCR

Source: Saab, N. (2012) Arab Environment 5: Survival Options, Ecological Footprint Of Arab Countries, 2012 report of the Arab Forum for Environment and Development AFED


The city as a system:Tracing resources flow in a megacityFormal sector vs. Informal sector

Heba Khalil

Heba Khalil

Planned Areas

Unplanned Areas

Greater Cairo (GC) Urban Development Strategy, Part I: Future Vision and Strategic Directions 2012, Database of the GC Geographic Information Systems - GOPP

100% of material

5% 30%

40%

25%


Ranking Systems

Sustainable cities, Ecocities, Green cities, Efficient cities

Low Carbon cities, Resilient cities, Liveable cities

Integrated cities, Prosperous cities, Inclusive cities

New Urbanism,

Smart Growth,

Transit Oriented Development TOD,

Sustainable Urbanism

The city as a nexus of systems

HDI – GDP – GINI – EF

EF+HDI

QOL

Green City Index

CPI

Ecocity Framework & Standards

One Planet living

STAR communities

LEED-ND, CASBEE for Cities, CASBEE for Urban Development

MDGs

SDGs

NUA

From sectoral to spatial

Definitions & Theories

Goals & Indicators


Quality Of Life Is A Right

Sec

tor Quality of Life Indices

City Prosperity IndexMercer EIU OECD

Poli

tica

l Political & SocialEnvironment

Political stability& security

Safety laws, regulations and institutions, urban planning,

Political freedom Civil society, trade associations, special agencies

Gov Governance

Eco

nom

ic

EconomicEnvironment

Materialwellbeing

Income Productivity

Consumer Goods Job security Jobs Capital investment, formal/informal employment,inflation, trade, savings, export/import and householdincome/ consumption.

city product

Infr

ast

ru

Public Services andTransport

InfrastructureInfrastructure proper

Ho

us Housing Housing Housing

Soci

al

Ser

v.

Medical & HealthConsiderations

Health Health Quality of life

Schools andEducation

Education Education, health sub-index.

Soci

o-

Cult

ura

l Socio-CulturalEnvironment

Family life Community Public space

Recreation Community life Work-life balance

Life SatisfactionE

nv.

ironm

ent

Natural Environment Climate andgeography

Environment Environmental Sustainability:protection of urban environment and natural assets,energy efficiency, minimize pressure on surroundingland and natural resources, minimize environmentallosses

Equit

y Gender equality Equity: reduces poverty and the incidence of slums,rights of minority and vulnerable groups, genderequality, civic participation

IS SUSTAINABILITYFACTORED in these indices?

Whether this level of quality of life can be sustained or not.

Whether it is affecting the ability of future generations to attain such levels or not.


ECOCITY STANDARDS and MEASURES

To guide and monitor the healthy development and maintenance of the urban eco-system

http://www.ecocitystandards.org/Ecocity Builders - June 2017

http://www.ecocitystandards.org/


Conducting Research for Climate Action1. Improving Environmental Performance of Outdoor Spaces2. Urban Metabolism and Resource Efficiency


Research Project


Research Questions

Which are the key factors that contribute to

the generation of heat islands and

environmental pollution in Cairo’s informal

settlements?

How can they be eliminated or compensated

through low-tech urban interventions?



CAIRO, Mesoscale

ARC(773) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Heba Khalil


Study area

Keep green islands and no more built-up along the river

Keep innercity green spaces

Generate wind corridors from NE to SW

Create innercity greenery →problematic!

Create roof and facade greening

Initial recommendations

Khalil, H., Ibrahim, A., ElGendy, N., and Makhlouf, N. (2018) Could/should Improving the Urban Climate in Informal Areas of Fast Growing Cities

be an Integral Part of Upgrading Processes? Case study, Cairo, Urban Climate, 24, pp. 63-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.01.007

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.01.007


Imbaba market, Microscale


Land Use in

the study area

urban survey

2015





Activity Mapping in the

study area, fieldwork

2015





The measured

temperature in the study

area at 150 cm high on

26th of July 2015 at 9

am, 1 pm, 6 pm & 9pm

Typical Weekday

at 1pm





PET as calculated

by Envi-met in the

study area at 9:00

am, 1:00 pm, 6:00

pm & 9 pm





0

20

40

60

80

100

1 2

Agreement on planting roof

Yes No

Shop owners and residents

opinions on roof planting

0.005.00

10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.0045.00

Owners Residents Shopowners

DistrictCouncil

Others

Shop Owners residents

Shop owners and residents opinion about the

responsibility of caring for the shading devices





Community meeting & awareness campaigning


On site Residents Meeting August 2016


Research Outputs


ORDER TOOL PARAMETERS RELEVANCE

1Urban survey Documenting the space:

dimensions, scale, materials Space documentation is needed in simulations & for developing interventions

2

Socio-environmental survey

Time utilizing the space, activities done in the space, responsibilities in the space, affordability for intervening, appropriate interventions

Users perception of stress zoneAcceptability of interventionsIdeas for improvementsResponsibilities for construction & maintenance

3

Microclimate simulation tool (Envi-met)

Temperature, humidity, wind direction & speed, albedo for walls and roofs, vegetation, Heat Transmission for walls and roofs

Simulation of the mean radiant temp, RH, wind flow & PET indicating how the space performs

4

Environmental measurements

Surface temp, air temperature, Relative Humidity RH & wind speed

Validating the findings of the simulation & highlighting the effect of some of the activities in the space that might affect the microclimate

Outdoor Spaces Environmental Performance Assessment OSEPA Tool

Khalil, H., Ibrahim, A.,

ElGendy, N., and

Makhlouf, N. (2018)

Could/should Improving

the Urban Climate in

Informal Areas of Fast

Growing Cities be an

Integral Part of

Upgrading Processes?

Case study, Cairo,

Urban Climate, 24, pp.

63-79.




Outdoor Spaces Environmental Performance Improvement OSEPI Model

Khalil, H., Ibrahim, A.,

ElGendy, N., and

Makhlouf, N. (2021)

Enhancing livability in

Informal Areas: A

participatory approach to

improve urban

microclimate, paper under

review


Climate Check for Compact Neighbourhoods

Improving Environmental Performance Of Informal Areas ToolkitHesse, C., & Mattey, K. (Eds.). (2017). Improving Environmental Performance Of Outdoor Spaces In Cairo Imbaba, Climate Check for Compact Neighbourhoods.International Academy Berlin & Cairo University.


Related PublicationsKhalil, H., Ibrahim, A., ElGendy, N., and Makhlouf, N. (2018) Could/should Improving the Urban Climate in Informal Areas of Fast Growing Cities be an Integral Part of Upgrading Processes? Case study, Cairo, Urban Climate, 24, pp. 63-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.01.007

Khalil, H. and Schuck, P. (2017) Environmental Justice and Geographies of Urban Exclusion in Cairo, AAG, Boston, USA.

Hesse, C., & Mattey, K. (Eds.). (2017). Improving Environmental Performance Of Outdoor Spaces In Cairo Imbaba, Climate Check for Compact Neighbourhoods. International Academy Berlin & Cairo University.

Khalil, H., & Ibrahim, A. (2016) Improving Environmental Performance of in Informal Areas and Reducing Urban Heat Islands Phenomenon, Centre for Architectural & Engineering Design Support, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo

Khalil, H., Ibrahim, A., ElGendy, N., and Makhlouf, N. (2021) Enhancing Livability in Informal Areas: A Participatory Approach to Improve Urban Microclimate in Outdoor Spaces, paper under review.

Learning from Informality: Cairo University in Imbaba (2022)

Responsive Informal Urbanism (2022) Book project.



Urbinsight Project, CairoURBAN METABOLISM AS A TOOL TO BETTER RESOURCE EFFICIENCY


Objective of the Study Flows and Form

•Five Stages• Source• Upstream• Demand which is satisfied according to

how system is designed and operated.

• Downstream• Sink

•Six flows of significance:• Food• Water• Energy• Materials• Mobility• I.C.T.

•Multiple spheres for each flow Metro Vancouver, TJ per year


Khalil, H. and Alahwal, A. (2017) Re-Understanding Cairo Through Urban Metabolism: Formal Vs

Informal Districts Resource Flow Performance, Ecocity World Summit 2017, Melbourne, Australia


Khalil HAEE, Al-Ahwal A. Reunderstanding Cairo through urban metabolism: Formal versus informal districts resource flow performance in fast urbanizing

cities. J Ind Ecol. 2021; 25:176–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13056

https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13056


Material Flow

Low Consumption & high reusingVsHigh ConsumptionOrganic, Paper, Metal, GlassRecycling 70-80% of waste (informal system)Organics and rest of waste are not recycled (municipal handling)

Imbaba Zamalek

Khalil HAEE, Al-Ahwal A. Reunderstanding Cairo through urban metabolism: Formal versus

informal districts resource flow performance in fast urbanizing cities. J Ind Ecol. 2021; 25:176–192.




HOW TO CREATE VALUE

FOR THE DOWNSTREAM



Resource Efficiency within global trends, agendas & agreements

The ultimate goal would be better Quality of Life with minimum energy (resource) consumption;

However, the adopted approach has to be responsive to affordability, inclusiveness and available capacities.

10YFP onSBC Resilience

Better Quality of

Life

New UrbanAgenda

SDG 11,12 &

13

Paris Agreement

SDG 7

Decoupling development

& resource consumption


Related PublicationsKhalil HAEE, Al-Ahwal A. Reunderstanding Cairo through urban metabolism: Formal versus informal districts resource flow performance in fast urbanizing cities. J Ind Ecol. 2021; 25:176–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13056

Khalil, H. (2020) Enhancing Livability through Resource Efficiency: An Urban Metabolism Study in Cairo, in I. Ruby & A. Ruby, eds, The Materials Book, Ruby Press, LafargeHolcim Foundation, Berlin.

Khalil, H. and AlAhwal, A. (2017) Re-understanding Cairo Through Urban Metabolism: Formal Vs Informal Districts Resource Flow Performance, Ecocity World Summit 2017.

Khalil, H. and Attia, S. (2015) Urban metabolism and Quality of Life in Informal Areas, REAL CORP, Ghent, Belgium.

Khalil, H. and Ron, D. (2015) Citizen-led mapping of urban metabolism in Cairo, Second Assessment Report on Climate Change and Cities (ARC 3-2) ARC3-2 Case Study, Urban Climate Change Research Network.

Khalil, H. & Khalil, E. (2015) Energy Efficiency in the Urban Environment, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis.



THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Humphrey 2016/2017 Fellow, SPURS, DUSP,MIT.

[email protected]

Heba Allah Essam E. Khalil, PhD

URL: http://scholar.cu.edu.eg/hebakhalil http://staff.eng.cu.edu.eg/hebakhalil

Documents

Responsive Industrial Workplaces: Quality of life