References

1. Azaizeh H, Fulder S, Khalil K, Said O: Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Local

Arab Practitioners in the Middle Eastern Region. Journal of Fitoterapia 2003,

74: 98-108.

2. Cox PA: Will Tribal Knowledge Survive the Millennium?. Journal of Science

2000, 287: 44-45.

3. On TV: Conservation of Medicinal Plants. In. Hanoi University of Pharmacy;

2009.

4. World Conservation Strategy [http://www.bookrags.com/research/world-

conservation-strategy-enve-02/] (10 December 2009)

5. Caring for the Earth: A Strategy for Sustainable Living, IUCN

[http://www.bookrags.com/research/world-conservation-strategy-enve-02/] (10

December 2009)

6. Edward O, Guerrant JR, Kayri H, Maunder M: Ex Situ Plant Conservation

Supporting Species Survival in the Wild. CA, USA: the Island press; 2004.

7. The Brundtland Report : Sustainable Development

[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brundtland_Report.djvu] (10 December

2009)

8. UN Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro)

[ http://www.pdhre.org/conferences/rio.html] (10 December 2009)

180

9. Revision of the “Guidelines on the Conservation of Medicinal Plants by

WHO, IUCN, WWF and TRAFFIC.”

[http://library.wur.nl/frontis/medicinal_aromatic_plants/08_kathe.pdf] (10

December 2009)

10. Perve E: The Hilltribes Living in Thailand. Chiang Mai: Alligator Service

Company Limited.; 2006.

11. Long C, Li R: Ethnobotanical Studies on Medicinal Plants Used by the Red-

Headed Yao People in Jinping. Yunnan Province. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology 2004, 90: 389-395.

12. Voeks RA, Leony A: Forgetting the Forest: Assessing Medicinal Plant

Erosion in Eastern Brazil. Journal of Economic Botany 2004, 58: 294-306.

13. วสทธ ใบไม: ววฒนาการ มนษยและความหลากหลายทางชวภาพ. กทม.: ภาควชา

ชววทยา คณะวทยาศาสตร มหาวทยาลยมหดล; 1995.

14. Wicha C: Sancharurn Village History. In. ICT Sancharurn; 2007.

15. Sutthi C: Highland Agriculture: From Better to Worse. In. MCKinnon J,

Vienne B (Eds.): Hill Tribe Today. Bangkok and Paris: White-Lotus; 1985: 107-

142.

16. การสญเสยปา, รายงานทางวทยาศาสตรในโครงการ VAP61 คณะวนศาสตร

มหาวทยาลยเกษตรศาสตร [http://dek-d.com/board/view.php?id=1250388] (10

ธนวาคม 2552)

181

17. วงศสถตย ฉวกล: ความหลากหลายทางชวภาพ. ใน ธรศกด โรจนาราธา (บก.): การ

ประชมวชาการเรองจบกระแส: การรกษาและยาใหม 3 (Natural Sources & Active

Compound Discovery). กทม: ชมรมศษยเกาคณะเภสชศาสตร มหาวทยาลยศลปากร;

2008: 10-32. 18. The Convention on Biological Diversity [http://www.cbd.int/convention/text/]

(22 July 2011)

19. World Health Organization: WHO Guidelines on Good Agricultural and

Collection Practices (GACP) for Medicinal Plants. . Geneva: World Health

Organization; 1993.

20. WHO: WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005. Geneva: World Health

Organization; 2002: 74.

21. WHO: General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of

Traditional Medicine. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000.

22. Hamilton AC: Medicinal Plants, Conservation and Livelihoods. Journal of

Biodiversity Conservation 2004, 13: 1477-1517.

23. WHO: Guideline for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines. In. WHO Expert

Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations Thirty-fourth

report. Geneva: World health Organization; 1996.

24. WHO: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Vol. 1. Geneva:

World Health Organization; 1999.

25. WHO: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Vol. 2. Geneva:

World Health Organization; 2002.

182

26. Sabhasri S: The Role of Forest Resources Management for Development in

Thailand. In.Queen Sirikit Botanic Gargen; 1987.

27. Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants in Ghana:

Ethnobotanical survey [http://www.unep-wcmc-

apps.org/species/plants/ghana/pdfs/Ethnobot_Report.pdf ] (10 December 2009)

28. Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants in Sri Lanka

[http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/sri_lanka_conserv_sustain_use_med_plants.p

df] (10 December 2009)

29. Shengji P: Introduction to Ethnobotanical and Its Application with Reference

in China. In. The workshop Ethnobotanical Approaches for Development of New

Plant-Products; Biodiversity-Based Economy Development Office (Public

Organization), Thailand; 2012.

30. Khanh TC, On TV, Tien DD: Establishment of a Botanic Garden for the

Protection of the Plants Genetic Resources of the Tam Dao National Park,

Vietnam. In: The 5th International Botanic Gardens Conservation Congress:

1999; National Botanical Institute, South Africa; 1999.

31. Trung NV, On TV: Domestication of Wild-sourced and Useful Native Plants

at Community Level in the Tam Dao National Park Buffer Zone. In: The

project of Conservation and Unsustainable Use of Useful Plants Resources in

Tam Dao National Park: Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam; 2000.

183

32. Cu T, Tien DD: Establishment of a Garden of Useful Plants in Tam Dao

National Park. In: Conservation and Unsustainable Use of Useful Plants

Resources in Tam Dao National Park: 2000: Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam;

2000.

33. กรมพฒนาการแพทยแผนไทยและการแพทยทางเลอก กระทรวงสาธารณสข: แผนการ

จดการเพอการคมครองสมนไพรและถนก าเนด. นนทบร; 2551.

34. ภาพถายทางอากาศจงหวดนาน [http://www.rtsd.mi.th/] (10 ธนวาคม 2552)

35. Chamlong S: Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge: Medicinal Plants and

Traditional Used by the Mien. In. Chiang Mai: Faculty of Social Science,

Chiang Mai University; 1969.

36. แคะเวน ศรสมบต, กตตศกด รตนกระจางศร, ธนากร แซวาง, เกษรนทร ศรสมบต: สาระ

องคความร: ภมปญญาทองถนอวเมยน (เยา). พะเยา: เครอขายวฒนธรรมอวเมยน,

องคกรชมชนบานปางคา-บานปางพรก; 2543.

37. จนทบรณ สทธ: พชสมนไพรเมยนในการเกษตรแบบตดฟนโคนเผา. สถาบนวจยชาวเขา

มหาวทยาลยเชยงใหม; 1986.

38. Thaoprasert Y: Text of the Mien's Medicine. Chiang Rai: Chiang Rai Rajabhat

University; 1996.

39. On TV: The Use of Medicinal Plants in Tam Dao National Park and Buffer

Zone. In. Conservation and Unsustainable Use of Useful Plants Resources in

Tam Dao National Park: 2000: Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam; 2000.

184

40. On TV, Quyen D, Bich LD, Jones B, Wunder J, Russell-Smith J: A Survey of

Medicinal Plants in Ba Vi National Park, Vietnam: Methodology and

Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Use. Journal of Biological

Conservation 2001, 97: 295-304.

41. Li S, Long C, Liu F, Lee S, Guo Q, Li R, Liu Y: Herbs for Medicinal Baths

Among the Traditional Yao Communities of China. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology 2006, 108(1): 59-67.

42. Srithi K, Balslev H, Wangpakapattanawong P, Srisanga P, Trisonthi C: Medicinal

Plant Knowledge and Its Erosion Among the Mien (Yao) in Northern

Thailand. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009, 123(2): 335-342.

43. Towaranon C: Ethnobotanical Study of the Tai Lue, Hmong, and Yao in some

Areas of Nan Province. Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University; 1988.

44. Water B: From Northeast Asia to Tierra del Fuego-History and Spreading

Routes of Native American Steam Baths and other Bath Therapies. Journal of

Migration and Diffusion 2005, 6: 78-93.

45. Earlen ML: Maternity Care in a Spanish-American Community of New

Mexico. In: Catholic University of America, Anthropological Series 13

Washington: Catholic University of America press; 1948.

46. Lamxay V, Boer HJD, Bjork L: Traditional and Plant Use during Pregnancy,

Childbirth and Postpartum Recovery by the Kry Ethnic Group in Lao PDR.

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2011, 7(14). doi:10.1186/1746-4269-

7-14.

185

47. Boer HD, Lamxay V: Plants Used during Pregnancy, Childbirth and

Postpartum Healthcare in Lao PDR: A Comparative Study of the Brou, Seak

and Kry Ethnic Groups. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2009,

5(25). Doi:10.1186/1746-4269-5-25.

48. Manderson L. Pregnancy: Confinement and Menstruation Foods Beliefs in

Peninsular Malaysia. In. Paper read at the Australian Anthropological Society

meeting, Sydney; 1979.

49. Hart DV: From Pregnancy through Birth in a Bisayan Filipino Village. In.

Hart DV, Rajadhon PA, Coughlin RJ, editors. Southeast Asian Birth Customs:

Three Studies in Human Reproduction. New Haven: HRAF Press; 1965.

50. Wang LL, Nanakorn W, Fukui K: Food and Medicinal Plants Used for

Childbirth among Yunnanese Chinese in Northern Thailand. Journal of

Ethnobiology 2003, 23: 209-226.

51. Zumsteg IS, Weckerle CS. Bakera: A Herbal Steam Bath for Postpartum Care

in Minahasa (Indonesia): Documentation of the Plants Used and Assessment

of the Method. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2007, 111: 641-650.

52. Mathews M, Manderson L: Vietnamese Behavioral and Dietary Precautions

during Confinement. Journal of Ecology of Food and Nutrition 1981, 11: 9-16.

53. Anderson EF: Ethnobotanical of Hill Tribes of Northern Thailand I:

Medicinal plants of Akha. Journal of economic Botany 1986, 40: 38-53.

54. Sirisa-ard P: Traditional medicine of Thai Lanna. In. Faculty of Pharmacy,

Chiang Mai University, Thailand; 2011.

186

55. Anderson EF: Plants and People of the Golden Triangle: Ethnobotany of the

Hill Tribes of Northern Thailand. Portland: Dioscorides Press; 1993.

56. Siriphon A: Local Knoeledge dynamism and the Politics of Struggle: a Case

Study of the Hmong in Northern Thailand. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies

2006, 37: 65-81.

57. Vong-ek P: How Popular Beliefs Influence Breastfeeding Practices in

Northeast and Central Thailand. Journal of Primary Halth Care and

Development 1993, 6: 61-76.

58. Schmidt J, Nam VV, Lischewski M, Phiet HV, Kuhnt C, Adam G: Long-chain

Fatty Acid Esters of 3-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-ene-23, 28-dioic Acid and other

Triterpenoid Constituents from the Bark of Schefflera octophylla. Journal of

Phytochemistry 1984, 23(9): 2081-2082.

59. Sung TV, Peter KJ, Adam G: Abidesmosidic Triterpenoid Saponin from

Scheffera octaphylla. Journal of Phytochemistry 1991, 30(11): 3717-3720.

60. Yaolan L, But PPH, Ooi VEC: Antiviral Activity and Mode of Action of

Caffeoylquinic Acids from Schefflera heptaphylla (L.) Frodin. Journal of

Antiviral Research 2005, 68: 1-9.

61. Yaolan L, Chung MY, Lawrence CMC, Ying ZC, Ooi VE: Chemical

Composition and Antiproliferative Activity of Essential Oil from the Leaves

of a Medicinal Herb, Schefflera heptaphylla. Journal of Phytotherapy Research

2008, 23: 140-142.

187

62. Ogra RK, Mohanpuria, Sharma KU, Sharma M, Sinha AK, Ahuja PS: Indian

Calamus (Acorus calamus L.) : not a Tetraploid. Journal of Current Science

2009, 97(11): 1644-1647.

63. Asha DS, Deepak G: Antimicrobial Activity of Acorus calamus (L.) Rhizome

and Leaf Extract. Journal of Acta Biological Szegediensis 2009, 53(1): 45-49.

64. Ozsoy N, Yilmaz T, Kurt O, Can A, Yanardag R: In vitro Antioxidant Activity

of Amaranthus lividus L. Journal of Food Chemistry 2009, 116(4): 867-872.

65. Nakamura Y, Ohto Y, Murakami A, Jiwajinda S, Ohigashi H: Isolation and

Identification of Acetylenic Spiroketal Enol Ethers from Artemisia lactiflora

as Inhibitors of Superoxide Generation Induced by a Tumor Promoter in

Differentiated Hl-60 Cells. Journal of Agricaltural Food Chemistry 1998,

46(12): 5031-5036.

66. Bolognesi A, Polito L, Olivieri F, Valbonesi P: New Ribosome-inactivating

Proteins With Polynucleotide: Adenosine Glycosidase and Antiviral

Activities from Basella rubra L. and Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. . Journal

of Planta 1997, 203(4): 422-429.

67. Ke H, Aijun D, Hongwei L, Huisheng F, Qishi S, Xinsheng Y: Bioactivity of

Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines Against Pyricularia oryzae. Journal of

Pharmaceutical Biology 1999, 37: 225-230.

68. Cholsuk P, Petsom A: Chemical Constituents of the Stem Bark of Croton

roxburghii from Chaiyaphum Province. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University;

2003.

188

69. Rao CP, Hanumaiah T, Vemuri VSS, Rao KVJ: Flavonol 3-glycosides from the

Leaves of Flemingia stricta. Journal of Phytochemistry 1983, 22(2): 621-622.

70. Yang NY, Duan JA, Li P, Qian SH: Chemical Constituents of Glechoma

longituba. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2006, 41(5): 431-434.

71. Mio H, Shoji M, Toshie Y, Toshihide M, Toshiki E: Antioxidative Activity of

Extract from Kinjisou (Gynura bicolor DC.) and Its Effective Use Technology

for Various Foods. Bulletin of the Ishikawa Agriculture Research Center 2002,

24: 25-33.

72. Duangman K: Isolation of Actinomycetes from Rhinacanthus nasutus (Linn.)

Kurz and Gynura pseudochina DC. var. hispida Thv. and their Antimicrobial

Activities. In: The 45th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: 2007; Kasetsart

University; 2007.

73. Nencini C, Cavallo F, Bruni G, Capasso A, Feo DV, Martino DL, Giorgi G,

Micheli L: Affinity of Iresine herbstii and Brugmansia arborea Extracts on

Different Cerebral Receptors. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2006, 10(3): 352-

357.

74. Saha K, Lajis NH, Israf DA, Hamzah AS, Khozirah S, Khamis SS: Evaluation of

Antioxidant and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities of Selected Malaysian

Medicinal Plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2004, 92(2): 263-267.

75. Lim MY, Jeon JH, Jeong EY, Lee CH, Lee HS: Antimicrobial Activity of 5-

hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone Isolated from Caesalpinia sappan toward

Intestinal Bacteria. Journal of Food Chemistry 2006, 100(3): 1254-1258.

189

76. Reddy VL, Ravikanth V, Lakshmi VV, Murty US: Inhibitory Activity of

Homoisoflavonoids from Caesalpinia sappan against Beauveria bassisiana.

Journal of Fitoterapia 2003, 74(6): 600-602.

77. Hou CY, Zhang YM, Liu YL: Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Piper

macropodum DC. Journal of Yao Xue Xue Bao 1989, 24(10): 789-792.

78. Huang DF, Tang YF, Nie SP, Wan YX, Ming Y, Xie XM: Effect of

Phenylethanoid Glycosides and Polysaccharides from the Seed of Plantago

asiatica L. on the Maturation of Murine Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic

Cells. European Journal of Pharmacology 2009, 620(1-3): 105-111.

79. Yin JY, Nie SP, Zhou C, Wan Y, Xie MY: Chemical Characteristics and

Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharide Purified from the Seeds of Plantago

asiatica L. . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2009, 90(2): 210-

217.

80. Raju I, Moni M, Subramanian V: Anti-inflammatory and Free Radical

Scavenging Activity of Ricinus communis Root Extract. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology 2005, 103: 478-480.

81. Liu AL, Su SH, Qin HL, Lee YMS, Wang YT, Du GH: In vitro Anti-Influenza

Viral Activities of Constituent from Caesalpinia sappan. Journal of Planta

Medicine 2009, 75: 137-143.

82. Mother-Baby Package: Implementing Safe Motherhood in Countries.

Geneva.[http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/MSM_94_11

/mothor_baby_package_safe_motherhood.pdf] (20 April 2011)

190

83. Global Progress in Reducing Child Mortality is Insufficient to Reach MDG

[http://www.unicef.org/sowc08/docs/Figure-1.6.pdf] (20 April 2011)

84. Countdown Coverage Writing Group and on behalf of the Countdown to

2015 Core Group: Countdown to 2015 for Maternal, Newborn, and Child

Survival: the 2008 Report on Tracking Coverage of Interventions. Journal of

Lancet 2008: 1247-1258.

85. Salama P, Lawn J, Bryce J: Making the Countdown Count. Journal of Lancet

2008, 371: 1219-1221.

86. Onah HE, Obi SN, Agbata TA, Oguanuo TC: Pregnancy Outcome in HIV

Positive Women in Enugu. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2007, 27: 271-

274.

87. Safe Motherhood Inter-Agency Group (SMIAG). Global data: Causes of

Material Death [http://www.safemotherhood.org] (20 April 2011)

88. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gulmezoglu AM, Van Look PF: WHO Analysis of

Cause of Maternal Death: A Systematic Review. Journal of Lancet 2006: 1066-

1074.

89. Mikamo H, Kawazoe K, Sato Y, Izumi K, Ito K, Tamaya T: Bacterial Flora in

the Uterine Endometrial Cavity of Healthy Subjects on the First and Fifth

Days of the Puerperium. Journal of Infectious Chemotherapy 1998, 4: 12-15.

191

90. Janice LBB, Kjersti MA, Jason LJ, Larry JW, Robert MS: Group A

Streptococcus Puerperal Sepsis: Initial Characterization of Virulence Factors

in Association with Clinical Parameters. Journal of Reproductive immunology

2009, 82: 74-83.

91. Areschoug T, Carlsson F, Stalhammar-Carlemalm M, Lindahl G: Host-Pathogen

Interactions in Streptococcus pyogenes Infections, with Special Reference to

Puerperal Fever and a Comment on Vaccine Development. Journal of Vaccine

2004, 22S: S9-S14.

92. Chen CL, Chang CC, Tsai HD, Hsieh YY: Puerperal Infection of Methicillin-

Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Taiwan Obstetrics Gynecology

2008, 47(3): 357-359.

93. Jain A, Katewa SS, Chaodhary BL, Galav P: Folk Herbal Medicines Used in

Birth Control and Sexual Disease by Tribals of Southern Rajasthan, India.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2004, 90: 171-177.

94. Ticktin T, Dalle SP: Medicinal Plant Use in the Practice of Midwifery in Rural

Honduras. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2005, 96: 233-248.

95. Halliwell B, Chirico S: Lipid Peroxidation: Its Mechanism, Measurement, and

Significance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1993, 57: 715S-725S.

96. Ratnam DV, Ankola DD, Bhardwaj V, Sahana DK, Kumar MNV Ravi: Role of

antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy: A pharmaceutical perspective.

Journal of Controlled Release 2006, 113: 189-207.

192

97. Strain JJ, Benzie IFF: Diet and Antioxidant Defence. In. Sadler, Strain JJ,

Caballero B (ED): Antioxidant in Encyclopedia of human nutrition: Benjamin

Academic Press; 1999, 1: 95-120.

98. Sies H: Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants. Journal of Experimental

Physiology 1997, 82: 291-295.

99. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC: The Antioxidants of Human Extracellular

Fluids. Journal of Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1990, 280: 1-8.

100. Ratnam DV, Ankola DD, Bhardwaj V, Sahana DK, Kumar MNV: Role of

Antioxidants in Prophylaxis and Therapy: A pharmaceutical Perspective.

Journal of Controlled Release 2006, 113: 189-207.

101. Lee HB, Yu MR, Song JS, Ha H: Reactive Oxygen Species Amplify Protein

Kinase C Signaling in High Glucose-induced Fibronectin Expression by

Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells. Journal of Kidney International 2004, 65:

1170-1179.

102. Angelo A, Kelvin JAD, Frank K: Free Radical Biologyterminology and

Critical Thinking. FEBS Letters 2004, 558: 3-6.

103. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC: Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 2nd

Edition. Oxford, UK: Carendon press; 1989: 96-98.

104. Punchard NA, Kelly FL: Free Radicals: A Practical Approach. New York:

Oxford university press; 1996: 65-82.

105. Aruoma OI: Free Radicals and Antioxidant Strategies in Sports. Journal of

Nutrition Biochemistry 1994, 5: 370-381.

193

106. Given DR: Principles and Practice of Plant Conservation. Porland: Timber

Press; 1994.

107. Miller NJ, Rice-Evans CA, Davies MJ, Gopinathan, V, Milner, A: A novel

Method for Measuring Antioxidant Capacity and its Application to

Monitoring Antioxidant Status in Premature Neonates. Journal of Clinical

Science 1993, 84: 407-412.

108. Roginsky V, Lissi EA: Review of Methods to Determine Chain Breaking

Antioxidant Activity in Food. Journal of Food Chemistry 2005, 92: 235-254.

109. Prior RL, Wu X, Schaich K: Standardized Methods for the Determination of

Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolics in Foods and Dietary Supplements.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53: 3101-3113.

110. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C: Use of a Free Radical Method to

Evaluate Antioxidant Activity, Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft and Technologie.

Journal of Food Science and Technology 1995, 28: 25-30.

111. Baskin SI, Salem H. In. Baskin, S.I. and Salem, H. (Eds): Oxidants,

Antioxidants, and Free radicals. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis; 1997: 23-

77.

112. Yamaguchi F, Ariga T, Yoshimira Y, Nakazawa H: Antioxidant and Anti-

glycation of Carcinol from Garcinia indica Fruit rind. Journal of Agricultural

and Food Chemistry 2000, 48: 180-185.

113. Shannon CE: A Mathematical Theory of Communication. The Bell System

Techincal Journal 1984, 27: 379-423.

194

114. Cook FEM: Economic Botany Data Collection Standard. London: Kew Royal

Botanic Gardens, United Kingdom; 1995.

115. Treyvaud A, Arnason V, Maquin JT, Cal V, Vindas PS, Poveda L: A Consensus

Ethnobotany of the Q'eqchi' Maya of Southern Belize. Journal of Economic

Botany 2005, 59: 29-42.

116. Gazzaneo LRS, Lucena RFP, Albuquerque UP: Knowledge and Use of

Medicinal Plants by Local Specialists in a Region of Atlantic Forest in the

State of Pernamboco (Northern Brazil). Journal of Ethnobiology and

Ethnomedicine 2005, 1.

117. Phillips O, Gentry AH, Raynel C, Wilkin P, Durand BC: Quantitative

Ethnobotany and Amazonian Conservation. Journal of Conservation Biology

1994, 8: 225-248.

118. Trotter RT, Logan MH: Informant Consensus: a New Approach for

Identifying Potentially Effective Medicinal Plants. In: Plants in Indigenous

Medicine and Diet. Edited by Etkin NL. Redgrave Publishing Company, Bedford

Hill, New York; 1986: 91-112.

119. Farnsworth NR, Euler KL: An Alkaloid Screening Procedure Utilizing Thin

Layer Chromatopraghy. Journal of Lloydia 1962, 25(3): 186-195.

120. Farnsworth NR, Pilewski NA, Draus FJ: Study on False-Positive Alkaloid

Reaction with Dragendroff’s Reagent. Journal of Lloydia, 25(4): 312-319.

121. Farnsworth NR: Thin-Layer Chromatography and Its Application as Basic

Research Tool in Pharmacognosy. Journal of Pharmacy 1962, 3(4): 65-83.

195

122. Fransworth NR: Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Plants. Journal of

Pharmaceutical sciences 1966, 55(3): 225-277.

123. Ramstad E: Modern Pharmacognosy In. London: McGraw-Hill Book

Company, Inc. ; 1959.

124. Segelman AB, Farnsworth NR, Quimby MW: Biological and Phytochemical

Evaluation of Plants III. False negative saponin test results induced by the

presence of tannins. Journal of Lloydia 1969, 3(1): 52-57.

125. Segelman AB, Farnsworth NR: Biological and Phytochemical Evaluation of

Plants. IV. A new Rapid Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination of

Saponin and Tannins. Journal of Lloydia 1969, 32(1): 59-65.

126. Evans WC: General Methods Associated with the Phytochemical

Investigation of Herbal Products. In. Trease and Ecans Pharmacognosy, 16

Edition. China: Saunders Elsevier Limited; 2009: 135-147.

127. Hatano T, Edamatsu R, Hiramatsu M, Mori A, Fugita Y, Yasuhara T, Yasuhara T,

Yoshida T, Okuda T: Effect of the Interaction of Tannin with Co-existing

Substance VI. Effect of Tannins and Related Poly-Phenols on Superoxide

Anion Radical, and on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Radical. Journal of

Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1989, 37: 2016-2022.

128. Kahkonen MP, Hopia AI, Vuorela HJ, Rauha JP, Pihlaja K, Kujala TS:

Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Phenolic Compounds.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1999, 47: 3954-3962.

196

129. Waterhouse A: Folin Ciocalteau Micro Method for Total Phenol in Wine.

Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of Califonia, Davis; 2011.

130. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS): Performance

Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Test. 6th

ed. Approved

Standard. Wayne Pa, M2-A6; 1997.

131. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS): Performance

Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 9th

ed. International

Supplement. Wayne Pa, M100-S9; 1999.

132. Pooma R, Suddee S, Chamchumroon V, Koonkhunthod N, Phattarahirankanok

K: A Preliminary Check-list of Threatened Plants in Thailand: Forest

Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department,

Bangkok, Thailand: The Agricultural Cooperate Federation of Thailand Ltd.;

2005.

133. ปยวรรณ แพะทอง, สาระ บ ารงศร, จรล ลรตวงศ: สงคมพชผสมผลดใบในอทยาน

แหงชาตทะเลบน จงหวดสตล. ใน วสทธ ใบไม, รงสมา ตณฑเลขา (บก.): บทคดยอ

โครงการวจยและวทยานพนธ. โครงการ BRT. กทม.: หางหนสวนจ ากดโรงพมพชวน

พมพ; 2547: 44.

197

134. สรศกด ราตร, สมพงษ ธรรมถาวร, อจฉราธรรมถาวร, บณฑต โพธนอย: นเวศวทยาการ

สบพนธของไมยนตนในปาเตงรงทหนองระเวยง นครราชสมา. ใน วสทธ ใบไม, รงสมา

ตณฑเลขา (บก.): โครงการ BRT. กทม.: หางหนสวนจ ากดโรงพมพชวนพมพ; 2547:

185-194.

135. องคกรชาวบานแมแฮใตและคณะวนศาสตร ม.เกษตรศาสตร. การส ารวจการเปลยนแปลง

ของสงคมพชปาดบเขาบานแมแฮใต. โครงการชมชนอนรกษทรพยากรธรรมชาต,

องคการแครนานาชาต ประเทศไทย. เชยงใหม; 2542: 1-52.

136. พรววรรณ โพธาสนธ: ความหลากหลายของพชบรเวณพนทรมฝงล าธารแมศก อ าเภอแม

แจม จงหวดเชยงใหม. การคนควาแบบอสระ วทยาศาสตรมหาบณฑต คณะวทยาศาสตร

มหาวทยาลยเชยงใหม; 2549.

137. Tshikalange TE, Meyer JJM, Hussein AA: Antimicrobial Activity, Toxicity and

the Isolation of a Bioactive Compound from Plants Used to Treat Sexually

Transmitted Diseases. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2005, 96: 515-519.

138. Zeid AHS, Soliman FM, Sleem AA, Mitry MNR: Phytochemical and Bio-

activity Investigations of the Aerial Parts of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.)

Steenis. Bulletin of the National Research Centre Cairo 2007, 32(1): 1-33.

139. Ulfah UMS, Nashichuddin MA: Antibacterials Activity Test Binahong Leaf

Extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) Against Bacteria Staphylococcus

aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 2010. [http://www.google.com/

search?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=qOM&rls=org.mozill] (18 July 2011)

198

140. Chuang MT, Lin YS, Hou WC: Ancordin the Major Rhizome Protein of

Madeira-vine, with Trypsin Inhibitory and Stimulatory Activities in Nitric

Oxide Prodections. Journal of Peptides 2007, 28(6):1311-1316.

141. โชตอนนต อนทใสตระกล และคณะ: รกษาโรคดวยสมนไพรใกลตว. กรงเทพฯ: ดวงกมล

พบลชชง; 2550.

142. Toshiyuki M, Kazuhiro H, Masayuki Y: Medicinal Foodstuffs XXIII.

Structures of New Oleanane Type Triterpene Oligoglycosides,

Basellasaponins A, B, C, and D, from the Fresh Parts of Basella rubra L.

Journal of Chemical Pharmacy Bulletin 2001, 49: 776-779.

143. Khare CP: Indian Medicinal Plants: an Illustrated Dictionary. USA: Springer

Science Business Media; 2007.

144. Maisuthisakul P, Pasuk S, Ritthiruangdef: Relationship between Antioxidant

Properties and Chemical Composition of some Thai Plants. Journal of Food

Composition Analysis 2008, 21: 229-240.

145. Lin SM, Lin BH, Hsieh WM, Ko HJ, Liu CD, Chen LG, Chiou RY: Structural

Identification and Bioactivities of Red-Violet Pigments Present in Basella

alba Fruits. Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry 2010, 58: 10364-10372.

146. Glassgen WE, Metzger JW, Heuer S, Strack D: Betacyanins from Fruits of

Basella rubra. Journal of Phytochemistry 1993, 33: 1525-1527.

147. Sen K: Antimicrobial Activity of Basella rubra Leaves. Journal of

Pharmaceutical Science and Research 2010, 1(2): 88-91.

199

148. Palanuvej C, Hokputsa S, Tunsaringkarn T, Ruangrungsi N: In vitro Glucose

Entrapment and Alpha-glucosidase Inhibition of Mucilaginous Substances

from Selected Thai Medicinal Plants. Journal of Sciences Pharmacy 2009, 4(2):

837-849.

149. Haq QN, Awal A, Chowdhury MK, Khan NA: Water-soluble Polysaccharides

from the Leaves of Basella rubra. Journal of Sciences Research 1969, 6: 68-74.

150. Nantia AE, Travert C, Manfo TFP, Carreau S, Monsees KT, Moundipa FP:

Effects of the Methanol Extract of Basella alba L. (Basellaceae) on Steroid

Production in Leydig Cells. Journal of Molecular Sciences 2011, 12: 376-384.

151. Hexiang W, Tzi BNG: Novel Antifungal Peptides from Ceylon Spinach Seeds.

Journal of Biophysical Research Communications 2001, 288(4): 765-770.

152. List of Philippine Herbal Micinal Plants. [http://www.stuartxchange.org/

CompleteList.html] (20 April 2011)

153. Chen L, Li H, Song H, Zhang G: A New Cerebroside from Gynure divericata.

Journal of Fitoterapia 2009, 80: 517-520.

154. Chen SC, Hong LL, Chang CY, Chen CJ, Hsu MH, Huang YC: Antiproliferative

Constituents from Gynura divaricata subsp. For Mosana. Chinese

Pharmaceutical Journal 2003, 55: 109-119.

155. Chen L, Wang JJ, Song HT, Zhang GG, Qin LP: New Cytotoxic Cerebroside

from Gynura divaricata. Chinese Chemistry Letter 2009, 20: 1091-1093.

156. Chen L, Wang JJ, Zhang GG, Song HT, Qin LP: A New Cerebroside from

Gynura divaricata. Journal of Natural Product Research 2009, 23: 1330-1336.

200

157. Roeder E, Eckert A, Wiedenfeld H: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Gynura

divaricata. Journal of Planta Medicine 1996, 62: 386.

158. Wan C, Yu Y, Zhou S, Liu W, Tian S, Cao S: Antioxidant Activity and Free

Radical-scavenging Capacity of Gynura divaricata Leaf Extracts at Different

Temperatures. Pharmacognosy Magazine 2011, 7:40-45.

159. Akowuah GA, Mariam A, Chin JH: The Effect of Extraction Temperature on

Total Phenols and Antioxidant Activity of Gynura procumbens Leaf. Journal

of Pharmacognosy Magazine 2009, 4: 81-86.

160. Rosidah, Yam MF, Sadikun A, Asmawi MZ: Antioxidant Potential of Gynura

procumbens. Journal of Pharmacy Biology 2008, 46: 616-625.

161. Jiang MH, Hu JZ, Qiu WG, Qian Q, Tan M, Wu K: Hypoglycemic Anti-anoxia

Effect of Polysaccharides and Flavonoids in Gynura divaricata (L.) DC.

Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 2009, 29: 1074-1076.

162. Zhang XF, Tan BK: Effects of an Ethanolic Extract of Gynura procumbens on

Serum Glucose, Cholesterol and Triglyceridelevels in Normal and

Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Singapore Medical Journal 2000, 41:9-

13.

163. Aklowuah GA, Sadikun A, Mariam A: A Flavonoid Identification and

Hypoglycemic Studies of the Butanol Fraction from Gynera procumbens.

Journal of Pharmacy Biology 2002, 40: 405-410.

201

164. Mensah JK, Okoli RI, Ohaju-Obodo JO, Eifediyi K: Phytochemical., Nutritional

and Medical Properties of some Leafy Vegetables Consumed by Edo People

of Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology 2008, 7: 2304-2309.

165. Mbang A, Owolabi S, Jaja O, Opeyemi JO: Evaluation of the Antioxidant

Activity and Lipid Peroxidation of the Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina.

Journal of Complementary Integrate Medicine 2008, 5.

166. Allabi AC, Busia K, Ekanmian V, Bakiono F: The Use of Medicinal Plants in

Self-Care in the Agonlin Region of Benin. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2011,

133: 234-243.

167. Anyasor GN, Ogunwenmo KO, Ogunnowo AA, Alao-Sanni O: Comparative

Antioxidant, Phytochemical and Proximate Analysis of Aqueous and

Methanolic Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Talinum triangulare.

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 2010, 9(3): 259-264.

168. Mensah JK, Okoli RI, Turay AA, Ogie-Odia EA: Phytochemical Analysis of

Medicinal Plants Used for the Management of Hypertension by Esan People

of Edo State, Nigeria. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 2009, 13: 1273-1287.

169. Ofusori DA, Sdelakun AE, Ayoka AO, Oluwayinka OP, Omotoso EO, Odukoya

SA, Adeyemi DO: Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) Enhances Cerebral

Functions in Swiss albino mice. Journal of Neurological Sciences (Turkish)

2008, 25(4): 239-246.

202

170. Babalola JO, Babarinde NAA, Popoola OA, Oninla VO: Kinetic, Isothermal,

And Thermodynamic Studies of the Biosorption of Ni (II) and Cr (III) from

aqueous Solutions by Talinum triangulare (Water Leaf). The Pacific Journal

of Science and Technology 2009, 10(1): 439-450.

171. Adeyemi1 O, Oyeniyi O, Mbagwu H, Jackson C: Evaluation of the

gastrointestinal activity of the aqueous root extracts of Talinum triangulare.

Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2011, 3(6): 61-67.

172. Valentova M, Marek R, Svajdlenka E, Kubinova R, Suchy V: A New

Isoflavanone from Iresine herbstii. Journal of Fitoterapia 2011, 82: 272-275.

173. Gomes NGM, Campos MG, Orfao JMC, Ribeiro CAF: Plants with

Neurobiological activity as Potential Targets for Drug Discovery. Journal of

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biology Psychiatry 2009, 33: 1372-

1389.

174. Feo VD: Ethnomedical Field Study in Northern Peruvian Andes with

Particular Reference to Divination Practices. Journal of Ethnopharmacology

2003, 85: 243-256.

175. Schmidt C, Fronza M, Goetter M, Geller F, Luik S, Flores EMM, Bittencourt CF,

Zanetti GD, Heinzmann BM, Laufer S, Merfort I: Biological Studies on

Brazilian Used in Wound Healing. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009, 122:

523-532.

203

176. Srithi K, Trisonthi C, Wangpakapattanawong P, Balslev H: Medicinal Plants

Used in Hmong Woman's Healthcare in Northern Thailand. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology 2012, 139: 119-135.

177. Ghorbani A, Langenberger G, Feng L, Sauerborn J: Ethnobotanical Study of

Medicinal Plants Utilised by Hani Ethnicity in Naban River Watershed

National Reserve, Yunnan, China. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2011, 134:

651-667.

178. วฑต วณนาวบล: ปรชญาการแพทยแผนตะวนออก. ใน สรเกยรต อาชานานภาพ (บก.):

หมอชาวบาน. กทม. ส านกพมพหมอชาวบาน: 2532, 125.

179. Manosroi J, Dhumtanom P, Manosroi A: Anti-proliferative activity of essential

oil extracted from Thai medicinal plants on KB and P388 cell lines. Cancer

Letters 2006, 235: 114–120

180. Barua

NC, Sharma RP: (2R,3R)-7,5′-dimethoxy-3,5,2′-trihydroxyflavanone

from Blumea balsamifera. Phytochemistry 1992, 31(11): 4040.

181. Lin Y, Long K: Studies on the Chemical Constituents of the Chinese

Medicinal Plant Blumea balsamifera. Acta Scifntiarum Naturalium

Universitatis Sunyaatseni. 1988-2002. [http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en

/CJFDTOTAL-PPXZ605.006.htm] (18 July 2011)

204

182. Chen M, Jin HZ, Zhang WD, Yan SK, Shen YH: Chemical Constituents of

Plants from the Genus Blumea. Journal of Chemistry & Biodiversity 2009, 6(6):

809–817.

183. Bhuiyan NI, Chowdhury JU, Begum J: Chemical Components in Volatile Oil

from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.. Bangladesh Journal of. Botany 2009, 38(1):

107-109.

184. Wu RR, Xu SJ: Control of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King and H.

Robinson by planting signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens stapf). Journal of

Pratacultural Science 1992, 9: 18-20.

185. Bunyapraphatsara N, Chokechaijaroenporn O: Medicinal Plants. Bangkok:

Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University and National Center for Genetic

Engineering and Biotechnology; 2000, 4: 622-626.

186. Mattocks AR: Chemistry and Toxicology of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. London:

Academic press.; 1986.

187. Suksamrarn A, Chotipong A, Suavansri T, Boongird S, Timsuksai P, Vimuttipong

S, Chuaynugul A.: Antimycobacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Flavonoids

from the Flowers of Chromolaena odorata. Journal of Archives of

Pharmacuetical Research 2004, 27(5): 507-511.

188. Kim CS, Kang IJ: Promotion Effect of Norgalanthamine, a Component of

Crinum asiaticum on Hair Growth. European Journal of Dermatology 2009, 10.

DOI:10 1684/ejd.2010.0807.

205

189. Sun Q, Zhang WD, Shen YH, Zhang C, Li HL: A New Phenolic Compound

from Crinum asiaticum L.. Chinese Chemical Letters 2008, 19(4): 447-449.

190. Singh AK: Crinumin, a Chymotrypsin-like but Glycosylated Serine Protease

from Crinum asiaticum: Purification and Physicochemical Characterization.

Journal of Food Chemistry 2010, 119(4): 1352-1358.

191. Ghosal S, Shanthy A: Palmilycorine and Lycoriside: Acyloxy and

Acylglocoloxy Alkaloids from Crinum asiaticum.Journal of Phytochemistry

1985, 24(11): 2703-2706.

192. Chen KC, Lin HF, Tseng HL, Jiang LC, Lee SS: Comprehensive Study of

Alkaloids from Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum Assisted by HPLC-DAD-SPE-

NMR. Journal of Natural Products 2011, 74: 411-419.

193. Ochi M, Otsuki H, Nagao K: Structure of Hamayne, a New Alkaloid from

Crinum asiaticum L. var. Japonicum Baker. Bulletin of Chemistry Society 1976,

49: 3363-3364.

194. Ghosal S, Ghosal S, Rao PH, Jaiswal DK, Kumar Y, Frahm AW: Alkaloids of

Crinum pretense. Journal of Phytochemistry 1981, 20(8): 2003-2007.

195. Ghosal S, Saini KS, Frahm AW: Alkaloids of Crinum latifolium. Journal of

Phytochemistry 1983, 22: 2305-2309.

196. Ghosal S, Saini KS, Arora VK: 1, 2-β-Epoxyambelline, an Immuno-stimulant

Alkaloid from Crinum latifolium. Journal of Chemistry Research 1984, (S):

232-233.

206

197. Samud MA: Anti-inflammatory Activity of Crinum asiaticum Plant and Its

Effect on Bradykinin-induced Contractions on Isolated Uterus. Journal of

Immunopharmacology 1999, 43(2-3): 311-316.

198. Dam TD, Hoat BN, Phoung ML, Phuong KN, Phuong TD: Experimental

Induction of Prostatic Hypertrophy in Rats for Study of Leaf Extract of

Crinum Asiaticum L. [http://www.stuartxchange.org/Bakong.html]

199. Ghosal S, Shanthy A, Mukhopadhyay M, Sarkar MK, Das PK: Effect of

Lycoriside, an Acylglucosyloxy Alkaloid, on Mast Cells. Journal of

Pharmaceutical Research 1986, 3(4): 240-243(4).

200. Amos S, Binda L: Central Inhibitory Activity of Aqueous Extract of Crinum

giganteum. Journal of Fitoterapia 2003, 74(1-2): 23-28.

201. Kapu DS, Ngwai BY: Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Anti-lymphocytic

Activities of the Aqeous Extract of Crinum giganteum. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology 2001, 78(1): 7-13.

202. Ilavenil S, Kaleeswaran B, Ravikumar S: Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity

and Phytochemical Analysis of Crinum asiaticum. International Journal of

Current Research 2010, 1: 35-44.

203. Paul WG, Philip KP, Nicholas CW, Agus S, David OG: Medicinal Plants from

Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Part 2: Antibacterial and Antifungal

Activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1995, 45: 97-111.

207

204. Asmawi ZM, Arafat MO, Amirin S, Eldeen MI: In vivo Antinociceptive Activity

of Leaf Extract of Crinum asiaticum and Phytochemical Analysis of the

Bioactive Fractions. Journal of Pharmacology 2011, 7(1): 125-129.

205. Kim YH, Kim KH, Han CS, Park SH, Yang HC, Lee BY, Eom SY, Kim YS, Kim

JH Lee NH: Anti-inflammatory Activity of Crinum asiaticum Linne var.

Japonicum Extract and Its Application as a Cosmeceutical Ingredient.

Journal of Cosmetical Sciences 2008, 59(5): 419-430.

206. Tram NT, Titorenkova TV, Bankova VS, Handjieva NV, Popov SS: Crinum L.

Review. Journal of Fitoterapia 2002, 73: 183-208.

207. Sun Q, Shen HY, Tian MJ, Tang J, Su J, Liu HR, Li LH, Xu KL, Zhang DW:

Chemical Constituents of Crinum asiaticum L. var. sinicum Baker and their

Cytotoxic Activities. Journal of Chemistry & Biodiversity 2009, 6(10): 1751-

1758.

208. Yui S, Mikami M, Kitahara M, Yamazaki M: The Inhibitory Effect of Lycorine

on Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte -

derived Calprotecchin. Journal of Immunophamacology 1998, 40: 151-162.

209. Gabrielsen B, Monath TP, Huggins JW, Kefauver DF, Pettit GR, Groszek G,

Hollingshead M, Kirsi JJ, Shannon WM: Antiviral (RNA) Activity of Selected

Amaryllidaceae Isoquinoline Constituents and Synthesis of Related

Substances. Journal of Natural Product 1992, 55(11): 1569-1581.

208

210. Lopez S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory

Activity of some AMARYLLIDACEAE Alkaloids and Narcissus extracts.

Journal of Life Sciences 2002, 71: 2521-2529.

211. Atjanasuppat K, Wongkham W, Meepowpan P, Kittakoop P, Sobhon P, Bartlett

A, Whitfield P: In vitro Screening for Anthelmintic and Antitumour Activity

of Ethnomedicinal Plants from Thailand. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009,

123(3): 475-482.

212. Alves AC, Souza AF: Nota Previa Sobre o Studo Fitoquimico de Cymbopogon

citratus (DC.) Stapf. Journal of Garcia de Orta 1960, 8: 629-638.

213. Peigen X: Recent Developments on Medicinal Plants in China. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology 1983, 7: 95-109.

214. Carlini ELA, Silva-Filho AR, Suchecki D, Maluf E, Calil HM, Lodder HM, Leite

JR, Contar JDP, Assolant KRM, Seabra ML, Souza MLO, Frochtengartten ML,

Silveira-Filho NG, Bueno OFA, Filho OG, Klepacz S, Girardi SMV, Tufuk S,

TMS: Farmacologia Pré-clínica, Clínica e Toxicologia Do Capim-cidrão,

Cymbopogon citratus. Ferreira: Brasília, CEME; 1985.

215. Olaniyi AA, Sofowora EA, Oguntimenin BO: Phytochemical Investigation of

some Nigerian Plants Used Against Fevers II Cymbopogon citratus. Journal of

Planta Medica 1975, 28: 186-189.

216. Hirschorm HH: Botanical Remedies of the Former Dutch East Indies

(Indonesia). Part I: Eumycetes, Pteridophyta, Gmnospermae, Angilospermae

(Monocostyledones only). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1983, 7: 123-156.

209

217. Ortiz RS, Marrero GV, Navarro ALT: Instructivo Tecnico Del Cultivo de

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Cana Santa). Journal of Revista de Plantas

Medicinals 2002, 7(2).

218. Mahabir D, Gulliford, ML: Use of Medicinal Plants for Diabetes in Trinidazole

Tobago. Journal of Revista Paramericana de Salud Publica 1997, 1(3): 174-179.

219. Lemon Grass. [http:// www.tropilab.com/lemon-gras.html.] (2 June 2011)

220. Jacomassi GJ, Piedade LH: Importance of Medicinal Plants and their Use in

the Town of Goioere-PR. Journal of Revista da Unimar 1994, 16(2): 335-353.

221. Allabi AC, Busia K, Ekanmian V, Bakiono F: The Use of Medicinal Plants in

Self-care in the Agonlin Region of Benin. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2011,

133: 234-243.

222. Asuolu MF, Oyeyemi OA, Olanlokun JO: Chemical Compositions,

Phytochemical Constituents and in vitro Biological Activity of Various

Extracts of Cymbopogon citratus. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 2009, 8(12):

1920-1922.

223. Owolabi MS, Oladimeji MO, Lajide L, Singh G, Marimuthu P, Isidorov VA:

Bioactivity of Three Plant Derived Essential Oils Against the Maize Weevels

Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) and Cowpea Weevils Callosobruchus

maculates (Fabricius). Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and

Food Chemistry 2009, 8(9): 828-835.

210

224. Matouschek BK, Stahl BE: Phytochemical Study of Non Volatile Substances

from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae). Journal of Pharmaceutica

Acta Helvetiae 1991, 66(9/10): 242-245.

225. Hanson SW: Cymbopogonol a New Triterpenoid from Cymbopogon citratus.

Journal of Phytochemistry 1976, 15: 1074-1075.

226. Gunasingh CBG, Nagarajan S: Flavonoids of Cymbopogon citratus. Indian

Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 1981, 43(3): 115.

227. Chisowa EH, Hall DR, Farman DI: Volatile Constituents of the Essential Oil of

Cymbopogon citratus Stapf Grown in Zambia. Flavour and Fragrance Journal

1998, 13(1): 29-30.

228. Uyub AM, Nwachukwu IN, Azlan AA, Fariza SS: In-vitro Antibacterial

Activity and Cytotoxicity of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts from Penang

Island Malaysia on Metronidazole-resistant-Helicobacter pylori and some

Pathogenic Bacteria. Journal of Ethnobotany Research & Applications 2010,

8:095-106.

229. Shah G, Shiri R, Dhabiliya F, Nagpal N, Mann AS: Anti-anxiety Activity of

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Leaves Extracts on the Elevated Plus-Maze

Model of Anxiety in Mice. Journal of Pharmacognosy 2010, 15(2): 45-50.

230. Silva MR, Ximmenes RM, Costa JGM, Leal LKA, Lopes AA, Viana GSB:

Comperative Anticonvulsant Activities of the Essential Oils (EOs) from

Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. in

Mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacology 2010, 381: 415-426.

211

231. Blanco MM, Costa CAR, Freire AO, Santos JG, Costa M: Neurobehavioral

Effect of Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus in Mice. Journal of

Phytomedicine 2009, 16: 265-270.

232. Ferreira MSC, Fonteles MC: Activity of the Essential oil of Cymbopogon

citratus on Sleeping Time in Rats. Brazilian Journal of Medicinal Biological

Research 1985, 18(5/6): 724.

233. Seth G, Kokate CK, Varma KC: Effect of Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus

stapf on Central Nervous-System. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology

1976, 14(3): 370-371.

234. Viana GS: Antinoniceptive Effect of the Essential Oil from Cymbopogon

citratus in Mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2000, 70: 323-327.

235. Lorenzetti BB: Myrcene Mimics the Peripheral Analgesic Activity of Lemon

Grass Tea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1991, 34(1): 43-48.

236. Kauserer B, Zamith H, Paumgartten FJ: Evaluation of the Mutagenicity of a-

myrcene in Mammalian Cells in Vitro. Journal of Environmental and Molcular

Mutagenesis 1991, 18(1): 28-34.

237. Zheng GQ, Kenney PM, Lam LKT: Potential Anticarcinogenic Natural

Products Isolated from Lemongrass Oil and Galangal Root Oil. Journal of

Agriculcultural and Food Chemistry 1993, 41(2): 153-156.

212

238. Srinivasan GV, Sharanappa P, Leela NK, Sadashiva CT, Vijayan KK: Chemical

Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Leea indica

(Burm. f.) Merr. Flowers. Journal of Natural Product Radiance 2009, 8(5):488-

493.

239. Saha K, Lajis NH, Israf DA, Hamzah AS, Khozirah S, Khamis SS: Evaluation of

Antioxidant and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities of Selected Malaysian

Medicinal Plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2004, 92(2):263-267.

240. Lai G-F, Wang X-Y, Wang Y-F, Cao J-X, Luo S-D, Ju P: Diterpenes and

Diterpene Glucosides from Phlogacanthus curviflorus. Journal of Helvetica

Chimica Acta 2009, 92: 470-480.

241. Yuan XH, Li BG, Zhang XY, Qi HY, Zhou M, Zhang GL: Two Diterpenes and

Three Diterpene Glucosides from Phlogacanthus curviflorus. Journal of

Natural Product 2005, 68(1): 86–89.

242. Plumbago Indica. [http://www.motherherbs.com/plumbago-indica.html] (15 May

2011)

243. Plumbago indica. [http://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/plumbago_indica.htm] (15

May 2011)

244. Scarpa A: Various Uses of Castor Oil Plant. Journal of Ethnopharmacology

1982, 5: 117-137.

245. Dalfallah AA, Al-Mutairy AR: Contraceptive Effect of Castor Beans. Saudi

Pharmaceutical Journal 1994, 2:152.

213

246. Okwuasaba FL, Osunkwo UA, Ekwenchi MM, Ekpenyong KI, Onwukeme KE,

Olayinka AO, Uguru MO, Das SC: Anti-conceptive and Estrogenic Effects of a

Seed Extract of Ricinus communis var. minor. Journal of Ethnopharmacology

1991, 34(2-3): 141-145.

247. Okwuasaba FL, Das SC, Isichei CO, Ekwenchi MM, Onoruvwe O, Olayinka AO,

Uguru VE, Dafur SJ, Ekwere EO, Parry O: The Anticonceptive and the Effect

on Uterus of Ether Extract of Ricinus communis. Journal of Phytotherapy

research 1997, 10: 97-100.

248. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD: Indian Medicinal Plants. Dehradun: International book

distributor; 1985: 2274-2277.

249. Visen P, Shukla B, Patnaik G, Tripathi S, Kulshreshtha D, Srimal R, Dhawan B:

Hepatoprotective Activity of Ricinus communis Leaves. Internal Journal of

Pharmacognosy 1992, 30: 241-250.

250. Takhi D, Ouinten M, Yousfi M: Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Secondary

Metabolites Extracted from Spontaneous Plants from the Area of Laghouat,

Algeria. Journal of Advances in Environmental Biology 2011, 5(2): 469-476.

251. Khafagy SM, Mahmoud ZF, Salam NAF: Coumarins and Flavonoids of

Ricinus communis Growing in Egypt. Journal of Planta Medica 1979, 37: 191.

252. Kang SS, Cordell A, Soejarto DD, Fong HHS: Alkaloids and Flavonoids from

Ricinus communis. Journal of Natural Product 1985, 48: 155-156.

214

253. Sani UM, Sule MI: Anti-fertility Activity of Methanol Extracts of Three

Different Seed Varieties of Ricinus communis Linn (Euphorbiaceae). Nigerian

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2007, 6(2): 78-83.

254. Taur DJ, Waghmare MG, Bandal RS, Patil RY: Antinociceptive Activity of

Ricinus communis L. Leaves. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

2011, 1: 139-141.

255. Ilavarasan R, Mallika M, Venkataraman S: Anti-inflammatory and Free

Radical Scavenging Activity of Ricinus communis Root Extract. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology 2006, 103: 478–480.

256. Pranay J, Gulhina N: Antifungal Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of

Aqeous Extracts of Ricinus communis and Punica granatum. Journal of

Pharmacy Research 2011, 4(1): 128-129.

257. Makonnen E, Zerihun L, Assefa G, Rostom AA: Antifertility of Ricinus

communis Geed in Female Guinea Pigs. Easthern African Medical Journal

1999, 76(6): 335-337.

258. Ekwere KO, Mcneil RT, Okwuasaba FK: The Effect of Ricinus communis-Linn

(RICOM 1013-J) on Semen Parameters: A Comparative Study. Journal of

Pharmaceutical Sciences 2011, 1: 7-11.

259. Singh PP, Ambika, Chauhan SMS: Activity Guided Isolation of Antioxidants

from the Leaves of Ricinus communis L. Journal of Food Chemistry 2008, 114:

1069-1072.

215

260. Patil S, Suvarna V, Fulmali S: Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Fruits of

Piper nigrum, Linn and Roots of Ricinus communis, Linn Using the

Carrageenan Induced Rat Paw Edema method. [http://www.biology-

online.org/articles/anti-inflammatory-activity-piper-nigrum-linn.html.] (15 May

2011)

261. Yang LL, Yen KY, Kiso Y, Kikino H: Antihepatotoxic Actions of Formosan

Plant Drugs. Journal Ethnopharmacology 1987, 19: 103-110.

262. Shokeen P, Anand P, Kritshna YM, Tandon V: Antidiabetic Activity of 50%

Ethanolic Extract of Ricinus communis and Its Purified Fractions. Journal of

Food Chemical Toxicology 2008, 46: 3458-3466.

263. Ramos-Lopez MA, Perez SG, Rodriguez-Hernandez C, Guevara-Fefer P, Zavala-

Sanchez M.A: Activity of Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) Against

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). African Journal of

Biotechnology 2010, 9(9): 1359-1365.

264. Bigi MFM, Torkomian VLV, Groote STC, Hebling MJA, Bueno O.C., Pagnocca

FC, Fernandes JB, Vieira PC, Silva MFG: Activity of Ricinus communis

(Euphorbiaceae) and Ricinine Against the Leaf Cutting ant Atta sexdens

rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the Symbiotic Fungus

Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. Journal of Pest Management Science 2004,

60(9): 933-938.

265. Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blume) Merr. [http://www.stuartxchange.org/

Hanopol.html] (22 July 2011)

216

266. Gouania leptostachya [http://www.indian-medicinal-plants.blogspot.com] (15

May 2011)

267. Chiu N, Chang K: The Illustrated Medicinal Plants in Taiwan vol. 1. Taipei,

Taiwan: SMC Publ. Inc.; 1995.

268. Birkenberg A, Hilscher M, Manoharan D: Medicinal Plant Knowledge among

Black Lahu People inHuai Hia Village, Pang Ma Pha District, Mae Hong Son

Province, Thailand. Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University; 2009.

269. Trevesia palmata (Roxb. ex Lindl.) Vis. [http://110.164.70.242/MDP/FMPro?-

db=mdp.fp5&-format=record_detail.htm&-lay=layout%20%232&-

sortfield=fullname&Family=Araliaceae&-max=2147483647&-recid=33339&-

find=] (15 May 2011)

270. Nunziatina DT, Giuseppina AAB, Aldo P, Cosimo P, Raffaella S, Pietro V:

Antiproliferative Triterpene Saponins from Trevesia palmata. Journal of

Natural Product 2000, 63(3): 308-314.

271. Leaman DJ, Arnason JT, Yusuf R, Sangat-Roemantyo H, Soedjito H, Angerhofer

CK, Pezzuto JM: Malaria Redimies of the Kenyah of the Apo Kayan, East

Kalimantan, Indonesia Borneo: A quantitative Assessment of Local Consensus

as an Indicator of biological efficacy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1995, 49:

1-16.

272. Zheng XL, Xing FW: Ethnobotanical Study on Medicinal Plants Around Mt.

Yinggeling, Hainan Island, China. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009, 124:

197-210.

217

273. Niki Y, Yoshida M, Ando H, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Harada N, Matsui MS, Yarosh

DB, Ichihashi M: 1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2,4-dimethoxy-3-

methylpheny)propane Inhibits Melanin Systhesis by Dual Mechanisms.

Journal of Dermatological 2011, 63: 115-121.

274. Zhang SQ, Zhu L, Wen N, Yu M, Shen YZ, Jia Q, Li ZG, Li B: Quantification

of a Novel Natural Antioxidant (UP302) in Rat Plasma Using Ultra-high

Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal

of Chromatography B 2011, 879: 3763-3766.

275. Roux KL, Hussein AA, Lall N: In vitro Chemo-preventive Activity of

Crotalaria agatiflora subspecies agatiflora Schweinf. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology 2011, 138: 748-755.

276. Flores AS, Tozzi AMG de Azevedo, Trigo JR: Pyrrolizidine alkaloid Profiles

in Crotalaria Species from Brazil: Chemotaxonomic significance. Journal of

Boichemical Systematics and Ecology 2009, 37: 459-469.

277. Ko HH, Weng JR, Tsao LT, Yen MH, Wang JP, Lin CN: Anti-inflammatory

Flavonoids and Pterocarpanoid from Crotalaria pallida and Crotalaria

assamica. Journal of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2004, 14: 1011-

1-14.

218

278. Fortes TO, Alviano DS, Tupinamba G, Padron TS, Antoniolli AR, Alviano CS,

Seldin L: Production of an antimicrobial Substance Against Cryptococcus

neoformans by Paenibacillus brasilensis Sa3 Isolated from Rhizosphere of

Kalanchoe brasiliensis. Journal of Microbiological Research 2008, 163: 200-207.

279. Namsa ND, Tag H, Mandal M, Kalita P, Das AK: An Ethnobotanical Study of

Traditional Anti-inflammatory Plants Used by the Lihit Community of

Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009, 125: 234-245.

280. Singab ANB, El-Ahmady SH, Labib RM, Fekry SS: Phenolics from Kalanchoe

marmorata Baker, Family Crassulaceae. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy,

Cairo University 2011, 49: 1-5.

281. Nielsen AH, Olsen CE, Moller BL: Flavonoids in Flower of 16 Kalanchoe

blossfeldiana Varieties. Journal of Phytochemistry 2005, 66: 2829-2835.

282. Nguelefack TB, Nana P, Atsamo AD, Dimo T, Watcho P, Dongmo AB,

Tapondjou LA, Njamen D, Wansi SL, Kamanyi A: Analgesic and

Anticonvulsant Effects of Extracts from the Leaves of Kalanchoe crenata

(Andrews) Haworth (Crassulaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2006, 106:

70-75.

283. Cruz EA, Reuter S, Martin H, Dehzad N, Muzitano MF, Costa SS, Rossi-

Bergmann B, Buhl R, Stassen M, Taube C: Kalanchoe pinnata Inhibits Mast

Cell Activation and Prevents Allergic Airway Disease. Journal of

Phytomedicine 2012, 19: 115-121.

219

284. Vermerris W, Nicholson R: Phenolic Compound Biochemistry. Dordrecht,

Netherlands: Springer; 2006.

285. Marica MS, Ivona J, Asja SB, Ana M: Optimization of Chromatographic

Conditions in Thin Layer Chromatography of Flavonoids and Phenolic

Acids. Journal of Croatica Chemica Acta 2004, 77(1-2): 361-366.

286. พเยาว เหมอนวงษญาต. การอบอาบสมนไพร. ใน วงศสถตย ฉวกล (บก.): สยามไภษชย

พฤกษ. กทม: คณะเภสชศาสตร มหาวทยาลยมหดล; 2538: 248-250.

287. Chuakul W, Saralamp P, Paonil W, Temsiririrkkul R, Clayton T: Medicinal

Plants in Thailand. Bangkok: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of

Pharmacy, Mahidol University; 1997.

288. Liulan W, Nanakorn W, Fukui K: Food and Medicinal Plants Used for

Childbirth among Yunnanese Chinese in northern Thailand. Journal of

Ethnobiology 2004, 23: 209-226.

289. Birkenberg A, Hilscher M, Manoharan D: Medicinal Plant Knowledge among

Black Lahu People inHuai Hia Village, Pang Ma Pha District, Mae Hong Son

Province, Thailand. Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University; 2009.

290. learning pyramid [http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/02/26/the-learning-

pyramid/] (15 April 2012)

291. พระพรหมคณาภรณ (ป.อ.ปยตโต) [www.4shared.com/mp3/308UOvGs/____-

_.html] (15 April 2012)

292. Probst G, Raub S, Romhardt K: Managing knowledge: Building blocks for

success. New York: John Wiley; 2000.

220

293. Small CT, Tattalias J: Knowledge management model guides. The Edge

Newsletter, 2000. [http://.mitre.org/news/the_edge/april_00/small.html.] (2

January 2012)

294. Lwoga ET, Ngulube P, Stilwell C: Managing indigenous knowledge for

sustainable agriculture development in developing countries: knowledge

management approaches in the social context. Journal of the international

information & Library review 2010, 42: 174-185.

295. Shengj P, Guoxue Z, Huyin H: Application of traditional knowledge in forest

management: Ethnobotanical indicators of sustainable forest use. Journal of

Forest ecology and management 2009, 257: 2017-2021.

296. Wangpakapattanawong P, Kavinchan N, Vaidhayakarn C, Schmit-Voft D, Elliott

S: Fallow to forest: Applying indigenous and scientific knowledge of swidden

cultivation to tropical forest restoration. Journal of Forest ecology and

management 2010, 260: 1399-1406.

297. Parrotta JA, Fui LH, Jinlong L, Ramakrishnan PS, Yeo-Chang Y: Traditional

forest-related knowledge and sustainable forest management in Asia. Journal

of Forest ecology and management 2009, 257: 1987-1988.

298. Rerkasem K, Yimyam N, Rerkasem B: Land use transformation in the

mountainous mainland Southeast Asia region and the role of indigenous

knowledge and skills in forest management. Journal of Forest ecology and

management 2009, 257: 2035-2043.