Referat Hifema r

8/19/2019 Referat Hifema r

1/14

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ...................................................................................... i

KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................. ii

DAFTAR ISI ……………………………………………………………………… 1

BAB I PENDAHULUAN……………………………………………….…. 2

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA…………………………………………….3

1. Anatomi mata………………………………………………………………… 32. Deini!i............................................................................................................. "

3. E#i$emio%o&i………………………………………………………………… "

'. Etio%o&i………………………………………………………………………. "

". K%a!ii(a!i……………………………………………………………………. )

). Patoi!io%o&i ………………..………………………….…………………….. *

*. Ge+a%a K%ini!…………………………………………………………………. ,

,. Peme-i(!aan Penn+an&……………………………………………………… /

/. Penata%a(!anaan.……………………………………………………………... /

10. Kom#%i(a!i…………………………………………………………………… 12

11. P-o&no!i!……………………………………………………………………… 12

BAB III KESIMPULAN…………………………………………………….... 13

DAFTAR PUSTAKA………………………………………………………………… 1'

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1


2/14

Sa%a !at $ianta-a #enea (etaan mata4 an& !e-in& $i+m#ai a$a%a #e-!entan

mata $en&an en$a tm#%4 mi!a%na traumatic hyfema. 5a%a#n t-ama an& men&enai

mata ti$a( !e%a% me-#a(an #enea tama $a-i (etaan4 namn me-#a(an a(to- an&

6(# !e-in& men&a(iat(an i%an&na #en&%iatan ni%ate-a%. Ma(a $a-i it4 ma!a%a t-ama

#a$a mata ma!i men+a$i !a%a !at ma!a%a an& #e-% men$a#at #e-atian $an $ian&&a#

!ea&ai !a%a !at ocular emergencies. Ha% ini $i!ea(an o%e (a-ena ma!i !e-in&na

tim% (om#%i(a!i7(om#%i(a!i an& ti$a( $iin&in(an $i!am#in& 6a-a #e-a8atan an& te-ai(

ma!i $i#e-$eat(an.(6)

P-e9a%en!i (etaaan a(iat t-ama o(%i !e6a-a na!iona% e%m $i(etai $en&an

#a!ti4 namn #a$a S-9e Ke!eatan In$-a Pen&%iatan $an Pen$en&a-an #a$a tan 1//37

1//) $i$a#at(an a8a t-ama o(%i $ima!((an (e $a%am #enea (etaan %ain7%ain

!ee!a- 041": $a-i +m%a tota% (etaan na!iona% an& e-(i!a- 14":. T-ama o(%i +&a

(an me-#a(an 10 e!a- #ena(it mata an& menea(an (etaan. ;)4*<

T-ama mata o%e en$a tm#% me-#a(an #e-i!ti8a an& !e-in& te-+a$i. T-ama

tm#%4 me!(i#n $a-i %a- ti$a( tam#a( a$ana (e-!a(an an& e-at4 teta#i t-an!e- ene-&i

an& $ia!i%(an $a#at meme-i (on!e(en!i 6e$e-a an& ata%. Ke-!a(an an& te-+a$i

e-&antn& (e(atan $an a-a &aa4 !ein&&a meme-i(an $am#a( a&i !etia# +a-in&an

!e!ai !m a-a t-ama. Ke-!a(an +a-in&an an& te-+a$i a(iat t-ama e-9a-ia!i m%ai

$a-i an& -in&an in&&a e-at a(an !am#ai (etaan. Unt( men&etai (e%ainan an&

$itim%(an #e-% $ia$a(an #eme-i(!aan an& 6e-mat.;)4*<

Hiema me-#a(an (ea$aan $imana te-+a$i #e-$a-aan #a$a i%i( mata $e#an $a#at

te-+a$i a(iat t-ama tm#% #a$a mata. Da-a ini e-a!a% $a-i i-i! ata a$an !i%ia- an&

-oe(. Men-t D(e E%$e- ;1/"'


3/14

Mata a$a%a !at !t-(t- !e-i! e-i!i 6ai-an an& $in&(! o%e ti&a %a#i!an. Da-i

%a- (e $a%am4 %a#i!an>%a#i!an te-!et a$a%a ? ;1< !(%e-a@(o-nea4 ;2< (o-oi$@a$an

!i%ia-i!@i-i!4 $an ;3< -etina. Sea&ian e!a- mata $i%a#i!i o%e +a-in&an i(at an& #-ote(ti $an

(at $i !ee%a %a-4 !(%e-a4 an& mement( a&ian #ti mata.

Ba&ian $a%am o%a mata te-$i-i $a-i 2 -on&&a4 ait ante-io- $an #o!te-io-. Ron&&a

ante-io- te%eta( $i $e#an %en!a4 -on&&a #o!te-io- te-%eta( $i e%a(an& %en!a. Ron&&a ante-io-

$ia&i %a&i (e $a%am $a -an& -an& ante-io- ;anta-a (o-nea $an i-i!< $an -an& #o!te-io-

;anta-a i-i! $an %en!a


4/14

• A. -etina !ent-a%i! #em% $a-a ini e-+a%an $i$a%am n. o#ti6! $an

ma!( (e $a%am o%a mata me%a%i o#ti6 $i!64 $i!ini a-te-i e-6aan&76aan&

$an me-#a(an en$ a-te-i $an $a#at $i%iat men&&na(an ota%mo!(o#.

• A. %a(-ima%i! &%an$%a %a(-ima%i!

• A. !i%ia-i! ante-io- ma!( (e o%a mata $i $e(at tat (o-nea !6%e-a

• A. !i%ia-i! #o!te-io- ma!( $e(at n. o#ti6!

Pa!o(an $a-a (e i-i! a$a%a $a-i 6i-6%! ma+o- i-i!4 (a#i%e- > (a#i%e- ini mem#nai

%a#i!an en$ote% an& ti$a( e-%an& !ein&&a no-ma%na ti$a( memo6o-(an %o-o!ein

an& $i!nti(an !e6a-a int-a9ena.

Gambar 2.2 Vask!arisasi mata

2.2. D"#inisi $1%2&

Hiema me-#a(an (ea$aan $imana te-$a#at $a-a $i $a%am i%i( mata $e#an4 ait

$ae-a $i anta-a (o-nea $an i-i!4 an& $a#at te-+a$i a(iat t-ama tm#% an& me-oe(

#em% $a-a i-i! ata a$an !i%ia- $an e-6am#- $en&an mo- ae! ;6ai-an mata<

an& +e-ni. Da-a an& te-(m#% $i i%i( mata $e#an ia!ana te-%iat $en&an mata

4


5/14

te%an+an&. 5a%a#n $a-a an& te-$a#at $i i%i( mata $e#an !e$i(it4 teta# $a#at men-n(an

#en&%iatan.

Gambar 2.' Hi#"ma

Hiema ata $a-a $i $a%am i%i( mata $e#an $a#at te-+a$i a(iat t-ama tm#% an&

me-oe( #em% $a-a i-i! ata a$an !i%ia-. Bi%a #a!ien $$( iema a(an te-%iat

te-(m#% $ia8a i%i( mata $e#an $an iema $a#at memeni !e%- -an& i%i( mata

$e#an.

2.'. E(i)"mio!o*i $+&

St$i $i Ame-i(a Uta-a menn+((an e!tima!i in!i$en iema !ee!a- 1*720@ 100.000

#o#%a!i tia# tanna. Keana(an $a-i #a!ien ini e-!ia (-an& $a-i 20 tan. Hiema ti&a

(a%i %ei !e-in& te-+a$i #a$a %a(i7%a(i $a-i#a$a #e-em#an. Penea te-ana( $a-i iema

a$a%a t-ama tm#%4 te-tama an& te-+a$i !aat o%a-a&a.

2.,. Etio!o*i$-&

Hiema ia!ana $i!ea(an o%e t-ama tm#% #a$a mata !e#e-ti te-(ena o%a4 at4

#e%- !ena#an an&in4 $an %ain7%ain. Se%ain it4 iema +&a $a#at te-+a$i (a-ena (e!a%aan

#-o!e$- o#e-a!i mata. Kea$aan %ain an& $a#at menea(an iema namn +a-an& te-+a$i

a$a%a a$ana tmo- mata ;6ontona -etino%a!toma


6/14

tama $an 6aan& $a-i a$an 6i%ia-4 a-te-i (o-oi$4 9ena a$an !i%ia-4 #em% $a-a i-i! #a$a

!i!i ##i%. Pe-$a-aan $i $a%am o%a mata an& e-a$a $i (ame-a ante-io- a(an tam#a( $a-i

%a-. Timnan $a-a ini (a-ena &aa e-at a(an e-a$a $i a&ian te-en$a.

2.-. !asi#ikasi$'%-&

a& Be-$a!a-(an #eneana iema $ia&i men+a$i?

1. Hiema

2. Hiema a(iat tin$a(an me$i!

3. Hiema a(iat in%ama!i an& #a-a #a$a i-i! $an a$an !i%ie-

'. Hiema a(iat (e%ainan !e% $a-a ata #em% $a-a

". Hiema a(iat neo#%a!ma

< Be-$a!a-(an 8a(t te-+a$ina4 iema $ia&i ata! 2 ait?

1. Hiema #-ime-4 tim% !e&e-a !ete%a t-ama in&&a a-i (e 2.

2. Hiema !e(n$e-4 tim% #a$a a-i (e 27" !ete%a te-+a$i t-ama.

6< Be-$a!a-(an tam#i%an (%ini!na $ia&i men+a$i ee-a#a &-a$e ;Se##a-$< ?

1. G-a$e I ? $a-a men&i!i (-an& $a-i !e#e-ti&a =A ;",:<

2. G-a$e II ? $a-a men&i!i !e#e-ti&a in&&a !eten&a =A ;20:<

3. G-a$e III ? $a-a men&i!i am#i- tota% =A ;1':<

'. G-a$e IC ? $a-a memeni !e%- =A ;,:<

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7/14

Tab"! 2.1 !asi#ikasi /i#"ma b"r)asarkan tam(i!an k!inis

2.+. Pato#isio!o*i$'%-&

T-ama tm#% menea(an (om#-e!i o%a mata4 $i!e-tai #e-e&an&an %im!4 $an

#e-aan #o!i!i $a-i i-i! ata %en!a. Ha% ini $a#at menin&(at(an te(anan int-ao(%e- !e6a-a

a(t $an e-n&an $en&an (e-!a(an +a-in&an #a$a !$t mata. Pe-$a-aan ia!ana

te-+a$i (a-ena a$ana -oe(an #em% $a-a4 anta-a %ain a-te-i7a-te-i tama $an 6aan&7

6aan& $a-i a$an !i%ia-4 a-te-i (o-oi$a%i!4 $an 9ena79ena a$an !i%ia-.

Gambar 2., M"kanism" P"r)ara/an akibat Trama Tm(! Mata

In%ama!i an& #a-a #a$a i-i!4 !e% $a-a an& ano-ma% $an (an(e- mn&(in +&a

i!a menea(an #e-$a-aan #a$a =A. T-ama tm#% $a#at me-oe( #em% $a-a

i-i! ata a$an !i%ia-. Gaa7&aa (ont!i a(an me-oe( #em% $a-a i-i! $an me-!a(

!$t =A. Teta#i $a#at +&a te-+a$i !e6a-a !#ontan ata #a$a #ato%o&i 9a!(%e- o(%e-.

Da-a ini $a#at e-&e-a( $a%am -an& =A4 men&oto-i #e-m(aan $a%am (o-nea.

Pe-$a-aan #a$a i%i( mata $e#an men&a(iat(an te-a(ti9a!ina me(ani!me

emo!ta!i! $an i-ino%i!i!. Penin&(atan te(anan int-ao(%a-4 !#a!me #em% $a-a4 $an #ement(an i-in me-#a(an me(ani!me #eme(an $a-a an& a(an men&enti(an

7


8/14

#e-$a-aan. Be(an $a-a ini $a#at me%a! $a-i i%i( mata $e#an (e i%i( mata e%a(an&.

Be(an $a-a ini ia!ana e-%an&!n& in&&a '7* a-i. Sete%a it4 i-ino%i!i! a(an te-+a$i.

Sete%a te-+a$i e(an $a-a #a$a i%i( mata $e#an4 ma(a #%a!mino&en a(an $ia men+a$i

#%a!min o%e a(ti9ato- (a!(a$e (oa&%a!i. P%a!min a(an meme6a i-in4 !ein&&a e(an

$a-a an& !$a te-+a$i men&a%ami $i!o%!i. P-o$( a!i% $e&-a$a!i e(an $a-a4 e-!ama

$en&an !e% $a-a me-a $an $e-i! #e-a$an&an4 (e%a- $a-i i%i( mata $e#an men+ +a%inan

t-ae(%a- $an a%i-an 9ea!(%e-a%.

Pe-$a-aan $a#at te-+a$i !e&e-a !e!$a t-ama an& $i!et #e-$a-aan #-ime-.

Pe-$a-aan #-ime- $a#at !e$i(it $a#at #%a ana(. Pe-$a-aan !e(n$e- ia!ana tim%

#a$a a-i (e " !ete%a t-ama. Pe-$a-aanna ia!ana %ei eat $a-i#a$a an& #-ime-.

=%e (a-ena it !e!eo-an& $en&an iema a-! $i-a8at !e$i(itna " a-i. Di(ata(an

#e-$a-aan !e(n$e- ini te-+a$i (a-ena -e!o-#!i $a-ie(an $a-a te-+a$i te-%a% 6e#at

!ein&&a #em% $a-a ta( men$a#at 8a(t an& 6(# nt( -e&ene-a!i (ema%i.

Peneman $a-a #a$a iema $i(e%a-(an $a-i =A $a%am ent( !e% $a-a

me-a me%a%i !$t =A men+ (ana% !6%em !e$an&(an !i!ana a(an $ia!o-!i me%a%i

#e-m(aan i-i!. Pene-a#an #a$a i-i! $i#e-6e#at $en&an a$ana enim i-ino%iti( $i $ae-a

ini.Sea&ian iema $i(e%a-(an !ete%a te--ai $a%am ent( emo!i$e-in. Bi%a te-$a#at

#enm#(an $a-i emo!i$e-in ini4 $a#at ma!( (e $a%am %a#i!an (o-nea4 menea(an

(o-nea men+a$i e8a-na (nin& $an $i!et emo!i$e-o!i! ata imii!i (o-nea4 an& ana

$a#at $ito%on& $en&an (e-ato#%a!ti. Imii!io (o-nea $a#at $i#e-6e#at te-+a$ina o%e iema

an& #en $i!e-tai &%a(oma.

2.0. G"a!a k!inik $1%'%-&

A$ana -i8aat t-ama4 te-tama men&enai matana $a#at mema!ti(an a$ana

iema. Ditana(an men&enai a#a(a #a$a #a!ien ini a#a(a memi%i( -i8aat 9eiti!4 !6$!t-o# ata &%a6oma4 a#a(a #a$a #a!ien memi%i(i #ena(it !i!temi( te-tent !e#e-ti

sickle cell 4 &a&a% &in+a%4 (eami%an4 $an &an&&an #eme(an $a-a4 #en&(on!m!ian oat >

oatan te-tent !e#e-ti 8a-a-in4 a!#i-in ata NSAID4 $an $etai% $a-i t-ama an& men&enai

mata !ein&&a menim%(an #e-$a-aan.

Pa!ien a(an men&e% !a(it $i!e-tai $en&an e#io-a $an %ea-o!#a!me4 #en&%iatan

#a!ien a(an men-n. Bi%a #a!ien $$( iema a(ant-n men&i(ti &aa &-a9ita!i

te-&antn& $a-i !ee-a#a ana( $a-a an& e-a$a $i$a%am i%i( mata $e#an4 $an #a$a

ee-a#a #a!ien $a#at men&a%ami &e+a%a #enin&(atan int-ao(%e-. Ka$an&7(a$an& te-%iat

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9/14

i-i$o#%e&ia $an i-i$o$ia%i!i!.Pa!ien a(an men&e% ne-i #a$a mata $i!e-tai $en&an mata an&

e-ai-. =tot !in&te- ##i% men&a%ami (e%m#an4 ##i% teta# $i%ata!i ;mi$-ia!i!


10/14

$a-i iema $i#e-6e#at $an !an&at men&-an&i tim%na (om#%i(a!i #e-$a-aan !e(n$e-.

I!ti-aat tota% ini a-! $i#e-taan(an minima% " a-i men&in&at (emn&(inan #e-$a-aan

!e(n$e-. Ha% ini !e-in& !(a- $i%a((an4 te-%ei7%ei #a$a ana(7ana(4 !ein&&a (a%a #e-%

a-! $ii(at tan&an $an (a(ina (e tem#at ti$- $an #en&a8a!an $i%a((an $en&an !aa-.

2. B"bat mata

Men&enai #ema(aian eat mata4 ma!i e%m a$a (e!e!aian #en$a#at $ianta-a #a-a

a%i. Pen&&naan eat mata #a$a mata an& te-(ena t-ama ait nt( men&-an&i

#e-&e-a(an o%a mata an& !a(it.

'. M")ikam"ntosa

Peme-ian oat #a$a #en$e-ita $en&an t-amati( iema ti$a(%a mt%a(4 ta#i 6(#

e-&na nt( men&enti(an #e-$a-aan4 mem#e-6e#at a!o-!ina $an mene(an (om#%i(a!ian& tim%. Unt( ma(!$ $iata! $i&na(an oat7oat !e#e-ti ?

oa*!ansia

Go%on&an oat (oa&%an!ia ini $a#at $ie-i(an !e6a-a o-a% ma#n #a-ente-a%4

e-&na nt( mene(an@men&enti(an #e-$a-aan4 Mi!a%na ? Ana-oi%4 A$ona A4

oa&%en4 T-an!amin4 9it K $an 9it . Pa$a iema an& a- $an te-i!i $a-a !e&a- $ie-i

oat anti i-ino%iti( ;oat ini $i(ena% !ea&ai t-an!amine@ t-an!ami6 a6i$< !ein&&a

e(an $a-a ti$a( te-%a% 6e#at $i!e-a# $an #em% $a-a $ie-i (e!em#atan nt( mem#e-ai(i $i-i $a% !am#ai !em. Den&an $emi(ian $ia-a#(an te-+a$ina

#e-$a-aan !e(n$e- $a#at $iin$a-(an. Peme-ianna ' (a%i 2"0 m& $an ana !e(ita- "

a-i +an&an me%e8ati !at min&& o%e (a-ena $a#at tim%(an &an&&an t-an!#o-ta!i

6ai-an =A $an te-+a$ina &%a(oma +&a imii!io (o-nea.

Mi)riatika Miotika

Ma!i ana( #e-$eatan men&enai #en&&naan oat7oat &o%on&an mi$-iati(a

ata mioti(a4 (a-ena ma!in&7ma!in& oat mem#nai (entn&an $an (e-&ian !en$i-i7

!en$i-i. Mioti(a meman& a(an mem#e-6e#at a!o-!i4 ta#i menin&(at(an (on&e!ti $an

mi$-iati(a a(an men&i!ti-aat(an #e-$a-aan. Peme-ian mi$-iati(a $ian+-(an i%a

$i$a#at(an (om#%i(a!i i-i$io66%iti!. Bee-a#a #ene%itian mem(ti(an a8a

#eme-ian mi$-iati(a $an mioti(a e-!ama7!ama $en&an inte-9a% 30 menit !eana( $a

(a%i !ea-i a(an men&-an&i #e-$a-aan !e(n$e- $ian$in& #ema(aian !a%a !at oat!a+a.

10


11/14

83!ar H9(ot"nsi6" Dr*

Sema #a-a a%i men&an+-(an #eme-ian a6etao%ami$e ;Diamo< !e6a-a o-a%

!eana( 3 !ea-i i%amana $item(an a$ana (enai(an te(anan int-ao(%e-. Ba(an

Gomo! $an a!na men&an+-(an +&a #ema(aian int-a9ena -ea4 manito% $an &%i!e-innt( men-n(an te(anan int-ao(%e-4 8a%a#n $ite&a!(an a8a 6a-a ini ti$a( -tin.

Pa$a iema an& #en $en&an (enai(an te(anan int-a o(%a-4 e-i(an $iamo4 &%!e-in4

ni%ai !e%ama 2' +am. Bi%a te(anan int-a o(%a- teta# tin&&i ata t-n4 teta#i teta# $iata!

no-ma%4 %a((an #a-a!ente!a ait #en&e%a-an $-a me%a%i !aatan $i (o-nea Bi%a

te(anan int-a o(%a- t-n !am#ai no-ma%4 $iamo te-! $ie-i(an $an $ie9a%a!i !etia#

a-i. Bi%a teta# no-ma% te(anan int-a o(%a-na $an $a-ana ma!i a$a !am#ai a-i (e "7

/ %a((an +&a #a-a!ente!a.

ortikost"roi) )an Antibiotika

Peme-ian i$-o(o-ti!on 04": !e6a-a to#i(a%.

Tin)akan 8("rasi $1%'%-&

Tin$a(an o#e-a!i $i(e-+a(an i%amana $item(an &%a(oma !e(n$e-4 tan$a imii!i

(o-nea ata emo!i$e-o!i! (o-nea. Dan ti$a( a$a #en&-an&an $a-i tin&&ina iema $en&an

#e-a8atan non7o#e-a!i !e%ama 3 7 " a-i. Unt( men6e&a at-oi #a#i% !a-a o#ti( $i%a((an

#eme$aan i%a te(anan o%a mata ma(!ima% "0 mmH& !e%ama " a-i ata te(anan o%amata ma(!ima% 3" mmH& !e%ama * a-i. Unt( men6e&a imii!i (o-nea $i%a((an

#eme$aan i%a te(anan o%a mata -ata7-ata 2" mmH& !e%ama ) a-i ata i%a $item(an

tan$a7tan$a imii!i (o-nea.

Tin$a(an o#e-ati $i%a((an nt( men6e&a te-+a$ina !ine(ia ante-io- #e-ie- i%a

iema tota% e-taan !e%ama " a-i ata iema $i! e-taan !e%ama / a-i. Inte-9en!i

e$a ia!ana $iin$i(a!i(an #a$a ata !ete%a ' a-i.

Tin)akan o("rasi 9an* )ik"rakan a)a!a/ :

1. Pa-a!ente!i!;1<

Pa-a!ente!i! me-#a(an tin$a(an #eme$aan $en&an men&e%a-(an 6ai-an@$a-a

$a-i i%i( $e#an o%a mata $en&an te(ni( !ea&ai e-i(t ? $iat in!i!i (o-nea 2 mm

$a-i %im! (e a-a (o-nea an& !e+a+a- $en&an #e-m(aan i-i!. Bia!ana i%a

$i%a((an #ene(anan #a$a ii- %(a ma(a (oa&%m $a-i i%i( mata $e#an a(an

(e%a-. Bi%a $a-a ti$a( (e%a- !e%-na ma(a i%i( mata $e#an $ii%a! $en&an

&a-am i!io%o&i!. Bia!ana %(a in!i!i (o-nea #a$a #a-a!ente!i! ti$a( #e-% $i+at.

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Pa-a!ente!e $i%a((an i%a TI= ti$a( t-n $en&an $iamo ata +i(a $a-a ma!i teta#

te-$a#at $a%am =A #a$a a-i "7/.

2. Me%a((an i-i&a!i $i i%i( $e#an o%a mata $en&an %a-tan i!io%o&i(.

3. Den&an 6a-a !e#e-ti me%a((an e(!t-a(!i (ata-a( $en&an mem(a (o-neo!6%e-ana

!ee!a- 120o

2.1;. om(!ikasi$1%'%-&

Kom#%i(a!i an& #a%in& !e-in& $item(an #a$a t-amati( iema a$a%a #e-$a-aan

!e(n$e-4 &%a(oma !e(n$e- $an emo!i$e-o!i! $i !am#in& (om#%i(a!i $a-i t-amana

!en$i-i e-#a $i!%o(a!i $a-i %en!a4 a%atio -etina4 (ata-a( $an i-i$o$ia%!i!. Be!a-na

(om#%i(a!i +&a !an&at te-&antn& #a$a tin&&ina iema.

2.11. Pro*nosis $+&

P-o&no!i! te-&antn& #a$a ana(na $a-a an& te-timn #a$a (ame-a o(%i

ante-io-. Bia!ana iema $en&an $a-a an& !e$i(it $an tan#a $i!e-tai &%a(oma4

#-o&no!i!na ai( ;onam< (a-ena $a-a a(an $i!e-a# (ema%i $an i%an& !em#-na $a%am

ee-a#a a-i. Se$an&(an iema an& te%a men&a%ami &%a(oma4 #-o&no!i!na e-&antn&

#a$a !ee-a#a e!a- &%a(oma te-!et menim%(an $ee( #a$a (eta+aman #en&%iatan. Bi%a

ta+am #en&%iatan te%a men6a#ai 1@)0 ata %ei -en$a ma(a #-o&no!i! #en$e-ita a$a%a

-( ;ma%am< (a-ena $a#at menea(an (etaan.

BAB III

ESIMPULAN

Hiema me-#a(an (ea$aan $imana te-$a#at $a-a $i $a%am i%i( mata $e#an4 ait

$ae-a $i anta-a (o-nea $an i-i!4 an& $a#at te-+a$i a(iat t-ama tm#% an& me-oe(

#em% $a-a i-i! ata a$an !i%ia- $an e-6am#- $en&an mo- ae! an& +e-ni.

Pene&a(an $ia&no!i! iema e-$!a-(an a$ana -i8aat t-ama4 te-tama men&enai

matana $a#at mema!ti(an a$ana iema.Pa$a &ama-an (%ini( $item(an a$ana

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#e-$a-aan #a$a =A4 (a$an&7(a$an& $item(an &an&&an 9i!!. Ditem(an a$ana tan$a7

tan$a i-ita!i $a-i 6on+n6ti9a $an #e-i6o-nea%4 otooia4 #en&%iatan &an$a4 %ea-o!#a!me4

e$ema #a%#e-a4 mi$-ia!i!4 $an !(a- me%iat $e(at4 (emn&(inan $i!e-tai &an&&an mm

ait %eta-&i64 $i!o-ienta!i ata !omno%en.

Penata%a(!anaan iema #a$a #-in!i#na $ia&i $a%am 2 &o%on&an e!a- ait

#e-a8atan $en&an 6a-a (on!e-9ati@tan#a o#e-a!i4 $an #e-a8atan an& $i!e-tai $en&an

tin$a(an o#e-a!i. Tin$a(an ini e-t+an nt( ?men&enti(an #e-$a-aan4 men&in$a-(an

tim%na #e-$a-aan !e(n$e-4 men&e%imina!i $a-a $a-i i%i( $e#an o%a mata $en&an

mem#e-6e#at a!o-!i4 men&ont-o% &%a(oma !e(n$e- $an men&in$a-i (om#%i(a!i an&

%ain4 $an e-!aa men&oati (e%ainan an& mene-taina.

DAFTAR PUSTAA

1. I%a!4 Si$a-ta. 200/. I%m Pena(it Mata4 E$i!i (eem#at. Ja(a-ta ? FKUI #-e!!4 Ha%?

2),72*0.

2. I%a!4 Si$a-ta. 2002 T-ama Tm#% Mata ? I%m Pena(it Mata. Ja(a-ta ? Sa&n&

Seto4 Ha% ? 2)37).

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3. Ca&an4 Danie%4 G. 2000. T-ama ? =tamo%o&i Umm e$i!i (e71'. Ja(a-ta ? 5i$a

Me$i(a. Ha%? 3,043,'.

'. ano M4 D(e- JS. 200'. =#ta%mo%o&. 2n$ e$4 #. '1)7'1/. St Loi!4 M=? Mo!

". N-8a!i!4 $((. 200). Pe$oman Dia&no!i! $an Te-a#i SMF I%m Pena(it Mata?

Hiema #a$a R$a#a(!a Tm#%. Ha% 13*713/. Pene-it? FK Unai-4 S-aaa.

). Sma-!ono4 ont!io =6%i. A9ai%a%e at

tt#?@@888.#o-ta%(a%e@(a%eont!io=6%i.tm%.

*. Se##a-$ J4 -o6 E. H#ema. 200,. A9ai%a%e at

tt#?@@eme$i6ine.me$!6a#e.6om@o#ta%mo%o&ante-io- .

,. Raman A4 200/. T-ama Tm#% =(%i. A9ai%a%e at tt#?@@e%ii!7

a1*.6om@200/@10@11@t-ama7tm#%7o(%i@.

14
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