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Sean Barker
Recap: The OS Abstraction
1
User-level Applications
Operating System
Hardware
virtual(machine(((interface
physical(machine(((interface
Sean Barker
OS Resource Management
2
Memory
I/O
Processor Processes, scheduling, synchronization
Allocation, protection, virtual memory
Disk management, filesystems, networking
Hardware OS Services
Sean Barker
Today: OS and Computer Architecture
3
networkcard
System bus
Sean Barker
Computer Architecture
4
Logic board
Sean Barker
Assembly Language
5
Sean Barker
Protection: User and Kernel Mode
6
Sean Barker
System Calls
7
Sean Barker
Traps
8
0: 0x00080000
1: 0x00100000
2: 0x00100480
3: 0x00123010
Illegal address
Memory violation
Division by zero
System call
Trap Vector
...
Memory Addresses
Sean Barker
I/O Control & Interrupts
9
0: 0x2ff080000
1: 0x2ff100000
2: 0x2ff100480
3: 0x2ff123010
keyboard
mouse
timer
disk 1
Interrupt Vector
Sean Barker
Synchronous & Asynchronous I/O
10
Sean Barker
Hardware Timer
11
Sean Barker
Memory Protection
12
Base register value
Limit register value
Mem
ory
(byt
es 0
to N
)
Sean Barker
Caches in the Memory Hierarchy
13
registers
L1)Cache
L2)Cache
RAM
Disk
1"cycle'latency
2"cycle'latency
7"cycle'latency
100'cycle'latency
40,000,000'cycle'latency'
Network 200,000,000+'cycle'latency'
load
evict
fast
ersl
ower
Sean Barker
Summary of Architecture Support
14
OS Service Hardware Support
Protection Kernel/user mode, protected instructions, base/limit registers
Interrupts Interrupt vectors
System calls Traps and trap vectors
I/O InterruptsScheduling, error recovery,
accounting Timer
Synchronization Atomic instructions
Virtual memory Translation look-aside buffers