Raj Board Class 11 Book - SHASHWATI

8/12/2019 Raj Board Class 11 Book - SHASHWATI

1/117

'kk'orh'kk'orhizFkeksHkkx%

,dkn'koxkZ; laLrL; ikB~;iqLrde~(,sfPNdikB~;e%)

20122012201220122012ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesj

& lkHkkj && lkHkkj && lkHkkj && lkHkkj && lkHkkj &

jk"V h; 'kSf {kd vuqla/kku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn] ubZ fnYyhjk"Vh; 'kS f{kd vuqla/k ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn] ubZ fnYyhjk"V h; 'kSf {kd vuqla/kku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn] ubZ fnYyhjk"Vh; 'kS f{kd vuqla/k ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn] ubZ fnYyhjk"Vh; 'kSf {kd vuql a/kku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn] ubZ fnYyh

jktdh;jktdh;jktdh;jktdh;jktdh; fo|ky;ksa esafo|ky;ksa esafo|ky;ksa esafo|ky;ksa esafo|ky;ksa esa fu%kqYd forj.k gsrqfu%kqYd forj.k gsrqfu%kqYd forj.k gsrqfu%kqYd forj.k gsrqfu%kqYd forj.k gsrq

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


2/117

ii

Hkwfedk

laLr fo'o dh vR;Ur izkphu Hkk"kk gSA Hkkjrh; laLfr dk ksr Hkh;gh Hkk"kk gSA blesa u osQoy gekjsizkphu mnkk laLdkj fufgr gSa]vfirqgekjk xEHkhj 'kkL=k&Kku ,oaikjykSfdd fpUru Hkh blh Hkk"kkesamiyC/ gSA Kku&foKku osQ {ks=k esaftrus xzUFk bl Hkk"kk esafy[ksx, gSa] mrus fo'o dh vU; fdlh Hkh izkphu Hkk"kk esa ughafeyrsAlaLr dk lkfgR; Xosn dky lsysdj vkt rd vck/ xfr lsizokfgr gksrk jgk gSA osn] O;kdj.k] T;ksfr"k] NUn] fuoZpu'kkL=k]vFkZ'kkL=k] jktuhfr] T;kfefr] "kM~n'kZu vkfn osQ lkFk&lkFk ;g lkfgR;dksey dkO;kuqHkwfr;ksalsvksr&izksr x|&i| dh moZj tUeHkwfe gSA

laLr Hkk"kk usleLr Hkkjr dh vk/qfud Hkk"kkvksadksizR;{kvFkok ijks{k :i lsi;kZIr izHkkfor fd;k gSA e;dky esaizkr rFkk

viHkza'k lkfgR; dksrkslaLr osQ fcuk le> ikuk cgqr dfBu FkkAvk/qfud Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk vf/dka'k Hkkx laLr lkfgR; dh ghnsu gSA vk/qfud Hkkjr dh yxHkx lHkh Hkk"kkvksa us laLr ls'kCnkoyh xzg.k dh gSA fons'kksa esa Hkh laLr dh egkk cM+svknj lsLohr dh xbZgSA fo'o osQ vusd fo'ofo|ky;ksaesa laLr Hkk"kk dklE;o~Q vuq'khyu gksjgk gSA

jk"Vh; ,drk dh n`f"V lslaLr dk cgqr ego gSA ;|fiHkkjro"kZesa{ks=kh; fo"kerk, ,oa fofo/rk,vuUr gSa] rksHkh ftu roksadk bl ns'k dks,d lw=k esa ck/sj[kus esalokZf/d ;ksxnku gS] muesa

laLr Hkk"kk rFkk bldk lkfgR; izeq[k gSA iqjk.kksaesaHkkjr osQ leLrHkwxksy dksbl :i esafpf=kr fd;k x;k gS fd mlsi


3/117

iii

oqQVqEcde~* (lkjh iFoh gh gekjk ifjokj gS) vFkok ^.oUrksfo'oek;Ze~* (ge lkjsfo'o dksJs"B cuk,) tSlh eeZLi'khZmfDr;kekuo&ek=k osQ izfr vkReh;rk osQ Hkko O;Dr djrh gSaA

osn lkjs fo'o dk izkphure ok~e; ekuk tkrk gSA Hkkjrh;laLfr osQ bfrgkl esaosnksa dk LFkku furkUr egoiw.kZgSA bUgha dhn`


4/117

iv

ek;e lsrhuksa :iksaesaO;ofLFkr Xosn] ;tqosZn vkSj lkeosn dks=k;hdh laKk lsvfHkfgr fd;k x;kA dfpr~dky i'pkr~ egf"kZvFkokZusvusdfo/ eU=kksadk ,d i`Fko~Q ladyu rS;kj fd;k tksvFkoZosnosQ uke lsiz[;kr gksx;kA blesaczk] ijekRek] jktk] jkT;'kklu]laxzke] ukuk nsork] ;K] jk"Vh; psruk] vkS"k/ksipkj] vkf/&O;kf/fuokj.k vkfn vusd izdkj osQ lkalkfjd fo"k; lekfo"V gSaA

laLr dkO; dh ijEijkdkO; osQ cht oSfnd lwDrksa esaHkh n`f"Vxkspj gksrsgSaA Xosn esabUnz]vfXu] o#.k] fe=k] #nz] lfor] lkse] fo".kq] m"kk vkfn nsoksa dhHkkokuqizkf.kr Lrqfr;kmiyC/ gksrh gSaA ;slk~xksik~x laLr dforkosQ mR"V mnkgj.k gSaA Xosn dh ;g dfork gh fo'o dh izFkedfork gSA bl dfork esaek/q;Zdk vuqie ifjikd] izkfrd lq"kekosQ vn~Hkqr fp=k rFkk tuthou dh d#.k ,oa jliw.kZ laosnuk,n`f"Vxkspj gksrh gSaA lw;kZ rFkk lk se osQ fookg&izlax ( - 10-34)esa izse ,oa lkSUn;Z dh rFkk v{klwDr esa ,d tqvkjh osQ eu dh

xgjh O;Fkk dh vfHkO;fDr fdl ln; osQ eu dks ugha NwrhA blhn`f"V ls m"kl~&lwDr rFkk bUnz&bUnzk.kh] ;e&;eh] iq:jok&moZ'khvkfn laokn&lwDr rFkk e.Mwd&lwDr mnkk dkO;ksfpr vfHkO;fDr;ksaosQ fy, mYys[kuh; gSaA

oSfnd dfork uslexzfo'o dksLusg] lkgp;Z] lg;ksx] eerk,oafo'ocU/qRo dh f'k{kk nh gSA leku ;k=kk] leku ok.kh vkSj lekufparu dk vuqie vkn'kZgesaXosn dh dfork esan`f"Vxkspj gksrk gS&

l~xPNoa laonoala okseukafl tkurke~Ansok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZltkukuk miklrsAA (-X. 191.2)

gekjsfopkj leku gksa] gekjh lgefr leku gks] gekjh eukso`fkleku gks! leRo dk ;g egkeU=k vkt osQ ;qx esafurkUr lkFkZd gSA

blh izdkj lEiw.kZiFoh&lwDr (vFkoZ-XII. 1) jk"Vh; vfLerkdk pwMkUr fun'kZu gSA oSfnd dfo rksiFoh dkseerke;h ek osQ gh

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


5/117

v

:i esa ns[kusdk vfHkyk"kh gSA ^ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kksgaifFkO;k%*dkmn~?kks"k vFkoZosn dk egkeU=k gSA

fo"k;oLrqdh nf"V lsosn dk pkj HkkxksaesafoHkktu fd;k tkrkgS & eU=k] czk.k] vkj.;d ,oamifu"kn~A ;gkeU=k dk vFkZeuu ;ksX;okD; gStksXosn vkfn lafgrkvksaosQ :i esamiyC/ gSA bu eU=kksadhO;k[;k djusokysHkkx czk.k gSaA ;sxzUFk ;Kh; deZdk.M lstqM+sgSaAvkj.;d xzUFkksaesaokuizLFkksfpr fu;e rFkk vkpkjlafgrk dk mYys[k gSAmifu"knksadk izfrik| fo"k; gSikjykSfdd xw


6/117

vi

jkek;.k dh jpuk dk ,dek=k ms'; vkn'kZegkekuo osQ pfj=kdh LFkkiuk FkkA e;kZnk iq#"kksRre jke osQ pfj=k esa HkDroRly]'kj.kkxrj{kd] nq"Vfouk'kd tSlsmnkRr xq.k pfjrkFkZgksrsgSaA ml egku~pfj=k dk gh ;g izHkko Fkk fd jkedFkk ns'k] dky ,oa O;fDr dhlhekvksadk vfre.k djrh gqbZizkphu pEik] dEckst (dEcksfM;k)]dVkg }hi (eysf'k;k) rFkk lqo.kZ}hi (tkok] lqek=kk] ckyh) esa Hkhizfl gksxbZA

jkek;.k esa;|fi laLr dfork dk Hkkoi{k vf/d izcy gS]rFkkfi mlesayksdthou osQ fofo/ i{k Hkh misf{kr ughagSaA ijorhZlaLr dfo;ksausjkek;.k dksvkfndkO; rFkk okYehfd dksvkfndfoosQ uke lsvfHkfgr fd;k gSA jkek;.k dh dfork fuLlUnsg ijorhZlaLr dfork osQ le`re :i dh izFke vk/kjf'kyk gSA

egkHkkjr egf"kZO;kl dh dkyt;h fr gSA ,d yk[k 'yksdksadk ;g xzUFk fofo/ lwpukvksa dk fo'odks"k ,oa Kku&foKku dkHk.MkjxzUFk gSA ewyr% rks;g xzUFk dkSjoksarFkk ik.MoksaosQ egk;q ,oa

fot; dh dFkk gS] fdUrqbfrgkl osQ bl o.kZu esaHkh dkO;kRedrkdk vn~Hkqr fuokZg egf"kZosnO;kl usfd;k gSA ;g lR; gSfd jkek;.kvkSj egkHkkjr Hkk"kk] Hkko] 'kSyh rFkk dFkkud dh n`f"V ls lexzlaLr lkfgR; osQ mithO; xzUFk cu x, gSaA

iqjk.kksa dk jpf;rk Hkh egf"kZO;kl dksgh ekuk tkrk gSA ;siqjk.kla[;k esa18 gSa& eRL;] ekoZQ.Ms;] Hkkxor] okeu] ojkg] fo".kq] ok;q]vfXu] x#M+] LdUn vkfn buesaizeq[k ekustkrsgSaA bu iqjk.kksadkizfrik| fo"k; rkslxZ] izfrlxZ] oa'k] eUoUrj vkfn dk foLr`r foospugS] fdUrq dfork dk vtlz izokg Hkh buesa n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA

Hkkxoriqjk.k dk os.kqxhr] xksihxhr rFkk Hkzejxhr lewph laLr dforkdk kaxkj gSA iqjk.k dh dfork fdlh Hkh n`f"V lsHkkl ,oa dkfynkldh jle;h dfork ls de ughagSA ".k osQ fojg esaO;koqQy mudhjktjkfu;ksadk oqQjjh i{kh dksfn;k x;k fuEu mikyEHk vU;ksfDrijEijkdk vuqie mnkgj.k gS&

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


7/117

vii

oqQjfj foyifl Roa ohrfunzk u 'ks"ksLofifr txfr jk=;kehojks xqIrcks/%Ao;feo lf[k fdafpn~ xk


8/117

viii

ftudk Hkkjrns'k esatUe gqvk gSos LoxZvkSj eks{k] nksauksagh dkykHk izkIr djusokysgks(ld) rsgSaA

oSfnd ok~e;] jkek;.k] egkHkkjr ,oa iqjk.k dh ph&uhphmiR;dkvksaesacgrh ljl laLr dkO;/kjk vc HkkxhjFkh dh rjgleryHkwfe esaizos'k dj viusrVksa ij ikf.kfu] iratfy] dkfynkl]Hkkjfo] ek?k ,oaJhg"kZtSlsikou rhFkksdk fuekZ.k djusesayx tkrhgSA egf"kZikf.kfu (bZ- iw- 5oha'krh) usfpjdky lsiz;ksx esavk jghHkk"kk dksifjekftZr dj mls ,d fLFkj :i iznku fd;k ftlslaLrdgk tkus yxkA yksd osQ fy, vf/d mi;ksxh] ljy ,oacks/xE;gksusosQ dkj.k gh bl Hkk"kk dksdkykUrj esaykSfdd laLr dgktkusyxkA

egf"kZikf.kfu&iz.khr ^tkEcorhfot;*lEHkor% ykSfdd laLrHkk"kk dk izFke egkdkO; gS tks vc miyC/ ugha gSA rRi'pkr~oj#fp&iz.khr egkdkO; ^LoxkZjksg.k*dk mYys[k Hkh feyrk gSAoj#fp dk dky bZ-iw- prqFkZ'krh ekuk tkrk gSA iratfy (bZ-iw- 150

o"kZ) osQ egkHkk"; lsHkh laLr dfork osQ fodkl osQ cgqewY; lk{;feyrsgSaA oklonRrk] lqeuksRrjk rFkk HkSejFkh uked vk[;kf;dkvksadkmYys[k gesaegkHkk"; esa gh feyrk gSA

egkHkk";dkj iratfy osQ vuUrj laLr dfork dk Js"B Lo:iegkdfo dkfynkl dh fr;ksaesans[kusdks feyrk gSA osnksalsizkjEHkdkO;/kjk iqjk.kksa osQ dysoj rd tgkeqDr okrkoj.k esaizokfgr gqbZoghamlosQ vuUrj mldk fodkl dkO;&y{k.kksa dh lhekvksaosQ chpgqvkA bZlk dh izkjfEHkd 'krkfCn;ksa esa vkfoHkwZr vkpk;Z Hkjr dkukV~;'kkL=k dkO;'kkL=kh; y{k.kksadk izFke ekud xzUFk gSftlesajl]

xq.k] vyadkj] NUn ,oajaxeap dk lw{e foospu feyrk gSA 'kSyh osQvk/kj ij dfork dk x|] i| rFkk pEiwosQ :i esaf=k/k foHkktuHkh dkO;'kkL=k esafeyrk gSA vokUrj dky esa Hkkeg] n.Mh rFkk #nzVvkfn vkpk;ks us tSls&tSlsdkO;'kkL=kh; rF;ksadksifjekftZr fd;koSls&oSlsdkO;fr;ksaosQ Lo:i Hkh ifjofrZr gksrsx,A

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


9/117

ix

bZ-iw- izFke 'krh osQ mTtf;uh&ujs'k foekfnR; osQ jktdfoegkdfo dkfynkl us nks egkdkO; & j?kqoa'k,oa oqQekjlEHko] nks[k.MdkO; & es?knwr,oarqlagkjrFkk rhu ukVd & vfHkKku'kkoqQUry]

foeksoZ 'kh;rFkkekyfodkfXufe=kdh jpuk dhA dkfynkl osQ ;qx esagq, dfo;ksa esav'o?kks"k] 'kwnzd] ekr`psV] vk;Z'kwj] oqQekjnkl rFkkizojlsu vkfn dh x.kuk gksrh gSA blslaLr dfork dk mRd"kZdkyekuk tkrk gSA bl ;qx dh dfork esa Hkko rFkk Hkk"kk dk lqanj leUo;feyrk gSrFkk blesaO;atuko`fk dh iz/kurk gSA lkFk gh] miek] :id]mRisz{kk] vizLrqriz'kalk] leklksfDr tSlsdksey ,oalgt vFkkZyadkjksa}kjk dforkdkfeuh dk loZ=k vyadj.k feyrk gSA dkfynkl dhdfork bl fo/k dk loksZke fun'kZu gSA fuEufyf[kr i| esaHkko&lkSUn;Z,oamiek dk eatqy leUo; nz"VO; gSA

lpkfj.kh nhif'k[kso jk=kkS ;a;a O;rh;k; ifraojk lkAujsUekxkZbo izisns foo.kZHkkoal l Hkwfeiky%AA

( j?kqoa'k6-67)

egkdfo Hkkjfo (NBh 'krh bZ-) osQ lkFk dkfynklkskj laLrdfork dk mn; gqvkA bl ;qx osQ izeq[k dfo gSa & Hkkjfo] ek?k] Hkf]jRukdj] Jhg"kZvkfnA bl ;qx dh dfork esadyki{k dh iz/kurkfn[kkbZnsrh gSA

izk;% 17oha 'krh bZ- esa iafMrjkt txUukFk osQ lkFk laLrdfork osQ dykRed mRd"kZ dk v;k; iw.kZ le> fy;k tkrk gSAijUrq 19oha 'krh osQ jk"Vh; iqutkZxj.k osQ lkFk mlesa Hkh u, thouvkSj ubZ psruk dk lapkj vkjEHk gks x;kA bl ;qx osQ laLr dfo;ksaus izkphu ijEijkvks a dk ifjR;kx u djrs gq, Hkh jk"V osQ uwru

ifjos'k esa dkO;&lk/uk dhA ia- vfEcdknk O;kl] e-e- jkekorkj'kekZ] vIik 'kkL=kh jkf'koMsdj] Hk eFkqjkukFk 'kkL=kh vkfn dk ukebl ;qx osQ dfo;ksaesamYys[kuh; gSA ;g vk/qfud laLr dfork dkmn;dky FkkA

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


10/117

x

,d vksj tgk laLr dfork ekuoh; laosnuk ls tqM+djfodflr gksjgh Fkh ogha nwljh vksj foKku ,oa'kkL=k&fpUru lstqM+hnwljh dkO;/kjk Hkh lekukUrj Lrj ij izokfgr gksjgh FkhA vk;qosZn]jlk;u] T;ksfr"k tSlsoSKkfud fo"k;ksaosQ lkFk&lkFk dkO;'kkL=k] n'kZu'kkL=k]xf.kr] rU=k] laxhr] dke vkfn 'kkL=kksadk iYyou Hkh vck/ xfr lsgksrk jgk FkkA ;slHkh 'kkL=kh; xzUFk izk;% i|c gSaA buesavk;qosZn osQpjdlafgrk ,oalqJqrlafgrk] jlk;ufoKku osQ jljRukdj (ukxktqZu)]jln;rU=k (HkxoRikn)] jljRuleqPp; (okXHkV) jlsUnzpwMkef.k(lksenso) T;ksfr"k'kkL=k osQ vk;ZHkVh; (vk;ZHk) iapflkfUrdk]c`gTtkrd] c`gRlafgrk (ojkgfefgj&505 bZ-) rFkk HkkLdjkpk;Z] uhyd.B]deykdj vkfn fo}kuksaosQ xzUFk mYys[kuh; gSaA

dkO;'kkL=k osQ xzUFkksaesadkO;kyadkj (Hkkeg&lkroha'krh bZ-)dkO;kn'k Z (n.Mh lkroha 'krh bZ-)] dkO;kyadkj (#nzV&vkBoha'krh bZ-)] oksfDrthfor (oqQUrd&X;kjgoha 'krh bZ-)] dkO;izdk'k(eEeV&X;kjgoha'krh bZ-)] lkfgR;niZ.k (fo'oukFk&pkSngoha'krh bZ-)

rFkk jlx~xkkj (if.Mrjkt txUukFk&l=kgoha'krh bZ-) mYys[kuh;gSaA vkpk;ZHkjr dk ukV~;'kkL=k] kuTk; dk n'k:id] jkepUnz&xq.kpUnzdk ukV~;niZ.k vkfn ukV~;'kkL=kh; xzUFk izfl gSaA vkpk;Zfi~xy dkNUn%'kkL=k] {ksesUnzdk lqo`kfryd] uoqQy dk v'o'kkL=k] okRL;k;udk dke'kkL=k] dkSfVY; rFkk euq] ;kKoYD; vkfn osQ Le`frxzUFk Hkhviuh&viuh fo/kvksaosQ ewy ksr gSaA oLrqr% foKku ,oa 'kkL=k ijvk/kfjr laLr ok~e; dk Hk.Mkj cgqr fo'kky ,oafofo/ gSA ;gkosQoy ifjp;kRed Kku osQ fy, gh dfpr~ lkexzh nh xbZgSA

laLr x|dkO; dh ijEijk

laLr x| dh ijEijk oSfnd dky lsekuh tk ldrh gSA rSfkjh;lafgrk esa x| dk iz;ksx cgqr ek=kk esafeyrk gSA oSfnd lkfgR; esaczk.kksa] vkj.;dksavkSj mifu"knksaesalaLr x| dk izHkwr fodflr:i ik;k tkrk gSA 'kriFk vkSj ,srjs; czk.k osQ oqQN x|e; vk[;ku

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


11/117

xi

rksmRrjdkyhu dfo;ksaosQ fy, mithO; cu x, gSaA oSfnd lkfgR;osQ ckn lw=k&lkfgR; esa] fo'ks"kdj /eZlw=kksaesa] laLr&x| dk fodflr:i feyrk gSA ikf.kfu dh v"Vk;k;h ij jfpr iratfy dk egkHkk";x| esa fy[kk x;k gSA egkHkkjr esa Hkh dgha&dghalaLr&x| osQmR"V mnkgj.k ns[kusdks feyrsgSaA nwljh 'krh bZ- esa rksx| osQfodkl osQ izkS


12/117

xii

izk;% NksVk gksrk gSftlesa,sfrgkfld rFkk dkYifud nksuksaizdkj osQfo"k; gksrs gSaA laLr osQ vk[;ku&lkfgR; esa iaprU=k]fgrksins'k]

'kqdlIrfrvkfn izfl gSaAx|&i| fefJr dkO; dkspEiwdgk x;k gSA laLr&lkfgR; esa

f=kfoeHk dk uypEiw] Hkkst dk pEiwjkek;.k] lksensolwfj dk;'kfLrydpEiwvkfn fo'ks"k egoiw.kZgSaA laLr osQ dfo;ksausviusvkJ;nkrk jktkvksadh iz'kalk esaizk;% x|dkO;ksa dh jpuk dh gSftUgsaiz'kfLrdkO; osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA izkphu dky esa f'kykvksa]rkezi=kksa rFkk Lrwiksa ij izk;% 'kklukns'k fy[ks tkrs FksA budk x|lkekU; x| lsfHkUu gksrk FkkA vr% vfHkys[k x| dks,d iFko~Q Hksneku fy;k x;kA i=k&ys[ku Hkh izkphu dky lsgh gksrk jgk gSA laLrx|&lkfgR; dh vis{kkr uohu fo/k fucU/&ys[ku gSA laLrx|e; fucU/ksa esa"khosQ'k 'kkL=kh dh izcU/eatjh] jkekorkj 'kekZdk

izdh.kZfucU/vkfn mYys[kuh; gSaAlaLr osQ izeq[k x|dkjksaesavk;Z'kwj dk uke loZizFke fy;k tk

ldrk gSA mudk fLFkfrdky 300 bZ- osQ vklikl ekuk tkrk gSAmudh jpuk&tkrdekykesanh?kZ,oay?kqnksuksaizdkj osQ leklksadkvkn'kZleUo; izkIr gksrk gSA NBh 'krh esagq, n.Mh dk n'koqQekjpfjrlaLr x| dk mR"V fun'kZu gSA bldh Hkk"kk uSlfxZd] izokgiw.kZ,oaeqgkojsnkj gSA n.Mh dk inykfyR; izfl gSA lkroha'krh osQ iwokZZesalqcU/qusxkSMh jhfr esaoklonkk uked x|xzUFk dh jpuk dhftlesadUniZosQrqvkSj oklonkk dh iz.k;dFkk of.kZr gSA lqcU/q usviuh jpuk esayEcs&yEcs leklksa] vuqizkl rFkk 'ys"k vyadkj dkfo'ks"k :i ls iz;ksx fd;k gSA

laLr x| lkfgR; esa lokZf/d izfl x|dkj ck.k gh gSaAmudh g"kZpfjr ,oa dknEcjh uke dh nks jpuk;sa x|dkO; dkvyadkj ekuh xbZgSaA jl] vyadkj] xq.k] jhfr vkfn osQ leqfpr iz;ksxosQ dkj.k dknEcjh laLr dh loksZR"V jpuk ekuh tkrh gSAf=kfoeHkV~V dh uypEiwljl ,oaizlkniw.kZjpuk gSA blesalHk~x

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


13/117

xiii

'ys"k ,oavHk~x 'ys"k dh iz/kurk gSA /uiky dh frydeatjh] ck.kdh 'kSyh esafy[kh xbZgSA bldh Hkk"kk i;kZIr izkaty ,oa'kSyh nq:grklsjfgr gSA 11oha 'krh osQ lksM~


14/117

xiv

vuqlkj czk uspkjksaosnksadk ;ku djosQ Xosn lslaokn] lkeosnlsxku] ;tqosZn lsvfHku; vkSj vFkoZosn lsjl osQ roksadksysdj

^ukVosn*uked ipe osn dh jpuk dhA dbZfo}kuksa usXosn osQlaokn&lwkQksaesalaLr ukVdksadk izkjfEHkd :i ns[kk gSA bu lwDrksaesa

bUnz& e #r ~ ] v x LR ; &y k s ikeqnzk ] f o' o kf e =k & un h ] o f l" B& l q n kl ] ; e& ;e h] bUnz&bUnzk.kh]iq:jok&moZ 'kh]ljek&if.k vkfn osQ laokn cgqr izflgSaA ;slaoknkRed lwkQ ukVdh; ekusx, gSaA ik'pk; fo}kuksausukVddh mRifRr osQ lEcU/ esaiqRrfydk&u`R;] Lokx] Nk;kukVd] ohjiwtkvkfn osQ flkUr izLrqr fd, gSaA

ukVd osQ fodkl osQ fy, visf{kr ro xhr] ok|] vfHku;]laokn vkfn dh lkk oSfnd dky esaHkh FkhA jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjresauV] urZd] ukVd vkfn osQ iz;ksx lsfl gksrk gSfd ml ;qx esaHkh ukVdksadk izpyu FkkA bZlk iwoZnwljh 'krh esairatfy usviusegkHkk"; esdalo/ vkSj cfycU/ uked ukVdksa osQ [ksystkusdkmYys[k fd;k gSA bZlk iwoZikpoha'krh esaikf.kfu usviuh v"Vk;k;h

esauVlw=kksadk mYys[k fd;k gSA v'kksd osQ f'kykys[kksaesaHkh uV vkSjlekt dk mYys[k feyrk gSA blls fl gksrk gS fd Hkkjr esaukV~;&ijEijk vR;Ur izkphu dky ls gSA

laLr ukV~;lkfgR; esalclsizkphu jpuk;saegkdfo Hkkl dhfeyrh gSaA budk le; pkSFkh&ikpoha'krh bZ-iw- osQ yxHkx ekuk tkrkgSA bUgk saus rsjg ukVdks a dh jpuk dh ftue sa LoIuoklonk]

izfrKk;kSxUkjk;.k]izfrekukVd]iapjk=k]nwrokD;]d.kZHkkj vkfn i z flgSaA buosQ ckn 'kwnzd dk ePNdfVdmYys[kuh; gSA

egkdfo dkfynkl dk uke laLr ukV~;lkfgR; esaloksZifj gSA

bUgsadfooqQyxq# Hkh ekuk tkrk gSA budk vfHkKku'kkoqQUryvusdHkkjrh; ,oaik'pkR; Hkk"kkvksaesavuwfnr gks pqdk gSA blesavkn'kZHkkjrh; thou dk o.kZu gSA ekyfodkfXufe=k vkSj foeksoZ'kh;dkfynkl osQ nksvU; izfl ukVd gSaA dkfynkl dh 'kSyh ljy]ljl] e/qj] izlkn rFkk ykfyR; xq.kksalslEiUu gSA

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


15/117

xv

dkfynkl osQ ckn v'o?kks"k] fo'kk[knk] fn~ukx] Hkukjk;.k]HkoHkwfr] g"kZvkfn dk uke laLr ukV~; lkfgR; esamYys[kuh; gSAbuesaHkoHkwfr dk uke lokZf/d izfl gSA mUgksausrhu ukVdksadhjpuk dh gS& ekyrhek/o]egkohjpfjrvkSj mkjjkepfjr A buesamkjjkepfjr loZJs"B gSA ;g okYehfd jkek;.k osQ mkjdk.M dhdFkk ij vk/kfjr gSA blesad#.k jl dh vR;Ur lqUnj ,oaekfeZdfu"ifk ns[kus;ksX; gSA HkoHkwfr esa;|fi dkfynkl dh lh ljyrkvkSj lgtrk ughagS fiQj Hkh ukV~; lkfgR; esa mUgsadkfynkl osQ lekugh lEeku feyrk gSA vkn'kZoSokfgd thou osQ fp=k.k esaHkoHkwfrikjaxr gSaA jke vkSj lhrk osQ dksey ,oa ifo=k izse dk fp=k.k Hkhmkjjkepfjr dh fof'k"Vrk gSA

laLr ukVdksadh izeq[k fo'ks"krk mudk lq[kkUr gksuk gSA lEiw.kZukVd esa;|fi lq[k vkSj nq%[k dk lfEeJ.k n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gS] rksHkhmldh ifj.kfr lq[kkUr gh gksrh gSA lq[k osQ miiknu osQ fy, ghukVd esanq%[k dk fu"iknu gksrk gSA blosQ ihNsHkkjrh; fpUru gh iz/

ku dkj.k gSA izkphu Hkkjr osQ fuoklh vk'kkoknh FksA muosQ vuqlkjthou esa nq%[k&Dys'k dh ifj.kfr lnSo lq[k vkSj ijekuUn esagksrh gSAlaLr ukVdksaesalaokn osQ fy, izk;% x| dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gS

ijUrqjkspdrk] izfro.kZu] uhfrf'k{kk vkfn osQ fy, i| osQ iz;ksx dksego fn;k tkrk gSA laLr osQ lkFk&lkFk izkr Hkk"kkvksadk iz;ksx HkhlaLr ukVdksaesafeyrk gSA lHkh izdkj osQ ik=k laLr le>rsrksgSa]fdUrqvius&viuslkekftd Lrj osQ vuq:i laLr ;k izkr cksyrsgSaA uk;d osQ fe=k osQ :i esafonw"kd dh dYiuk laLr ukVdksadh,d mYys[kuh; fo'ks"krk gSA bu ukVdksaesavfHku; lEcU/h laosQr]

;Fkk & izdk'ke~] Loxre~] tukfUrde~] ljks"ke~] fogL; bR;kfn lw{erkosQ lkFk fn, tkrs gSaA euksjatu osQ lkFk&lkFk uSfrdrk vkSj mPpvkn'kks dk tuekul esalapkj djuk Hkh laLr&ukVdksadk ,d y{;gSA ykSfdd vkSj vYkkSfdd lHkh izdkj osQ ik=k buesa gksrs gSaAizfr&o.kZu Hkh laLr&ukVdksadh ,d cgqr cM+h fo'ks"krk gSA

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


16/117

xvi

izLrqr ladyu dh i`"BHkwfe

laLr osQ vf[ky Hkkjrh; ego dks;ku esaj[krsgq, jk"Vh;'kSf{kd vuqlU/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ osQ roko/ku esa ofj"Bek;fed Lrj ij oSdfYid fo"k; osQ :i esa laLr i


17/117

xvii

oLrqr% f'k{kk ,oaikB~;e dk ;g i{k vR;Ur egoiw.kZgSAnsook.kh laLr dk ok~e; osnksalsizkjEHk gksdj vk/qfud ;qx rdO;kIr gSA oLrqr% ;g ok~e; Hkkjro"kZosQ fiNysikp gtkj o"kks dk,d thoUr nLrkost gS ftlesa jk"V dk bfrgkl] Hkwxksy] n'kZu]laLfr] lkekftd mFky&iqFky] fuR; ifjorZu'khy tuthou lc oqQNfo|eku gSA

,slh fLFkfr esavko';d gSfd izkphu xzUFkksalsge ,slsgh va'kikB~;e esalekfo"V djsaftuesavkt dk Hkh jk"Vh; ,oalkekftdifjos'k lejl gksA Jo.k oqQekj dh ekr`fir`HkfDr] gfj'pUnz dhlR;fu"Bk] okYehfd&of.kZr rqvksadk 'kk'or lkSUn;ZrFkk dFkklfjRlkxj]iprU=k] fgrksins'k ,oaiq#"kijh{kk vkfn izkphu xzUFkksa dh f'k{kkizndgkfu;kblh izdkj dh gSaA budk lUnHkZlkoZdkfyd gS] vr% budhlEisz"k.kh;rk Hkh tSlh dh rSlh gSA

ikB~;p;kZdk rhljk y{; Hkh ;gh fuf'pr fd;k x;k & thouosQ ifjos'k lsf'k{kk dk ?kfu"B lEcU/A bl y{; dh iwfrZrHkh gks

losQxh tc ladfyr ikBka'kksa,oavk/qfud thou&ifjos'k osQ chp lsrqgks] vUr%lEcU/ gksAikB~;p;kZdk pkSFkk y{; fuf'pr fd;k x;k & f'k{kk dh xq.kokk

esalq/kjA bl y{; dh iwfrZosQ fy, gesa;g ;ku j[kuk gksxk fdgekjh ikB~;iqLrosaQ loZFkk fujo| gksa] fookneqDr gksaA ladfyr ikBjk"Vh; vkn'kksrFkk laoS/kfud ekU;rkvksaosQ loZFkk vuqowQy gksaA iqjkuhikB~;iqLrdksaesaizk;% ewyikB dh j{kk* osQ yksHko'k mi;qZDr rF;ksadhmis{kk dh xbZgSA ijUrqvkt dk Hkkjrh; lekt vR;Ur laosnu'khygSA vr% ;g ;ku j[kk gh tkuk pkfg, fd fdlh Hkh ladfyr va'k

ls lekt osQ fdlh Hkh oxZ dh Hkkouk vkgr u gksA ikBksa lsloZkeZ&leHkko] loksZn; rFkk lkekftd lekurk vkfn dk leFkZugksuk pkfg,A fdlh Hkh oxZ] tkfr] leqnk; vFkok izo`fk dh voekuukughagksuh pkfg, vkSj u gh fdlh osQ izfr izR;{k vFkok ijks{k jhfrlsdksbZvk{ksi gksuk pkfg,A

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


18/117

xviii

ikB~;p;kZ dk vfUre y{; vR;Ur egoiw.kZ gS] fo'ks"kdjlaLr ikB~;e osQ lUnHkZesaa ! ;g y{; gS & Nk=kksadks fpUru osQfy, izsfjr djukA ikB~;e ,slk cuk;k tkuk pkfg, tksNk=kksadksLo;aLiwQrZcuk losQA izk;% f'k{kd Nk=kksadks fu#ik;* cukrk gS;g dgdjfd ^d.BLFk djusosQ vfrfjDr vkSj dksbZmik; ughaA*

'kCn:Ik ,oa /krq:Ik d.BLFk djrs&djrsvf/dka'k Nk=k fujk'k]oqQf.Br ,oagrizHk gksdj laLrk;;u lsfojr gkstkrsgSaA Nk=kksaesa,d Hkze&lk O;kIr gkstkrk gSfd laLr esalc oqQN jVuslsgh flgksxkA tcfd ,slk fcYoqQy ughagSA dkSu ,slh Hkk"kk gSftlesaNk=kegoiw.kZva'kksadksd.BLFk ughadjrk\ fo|k dk d.BLFk gksuk rksiz'kaluh; ckr gS] bldh fuUnk oSQlh\

ijUrqlaLr Hkk"kk esa izoh.k gksus osQ fy, lc oqQN jV Mkyusdh dksbZvko';drk ughaA vko';drk gSrks osQoy bl ckr dh fdNk=k loZ=k ^v;kidkfJr* gh u gksA og Lo;a Hkh oqQN lkspukfopkjuk vFkok djuk lh[ksA fdlh ikB dksi


19/117

xix

d& izkphu xzUFkka'kksaosQ lkFk gh lkFk vk/qfud laLr jpukvksadk Hkh lekos'kA

[k &vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa osQ lkfgR; dh fofo/ vuwfnr(laLr) jpukvksadk Hkh ikB~;e esa lekos'kA

x& ikB~;p;kZosQ fofo/ y{;ksadh iwfrZgsrqu;svH;kl iz'uksa]fVIif.k;ksa ,oa;ksX;rk foLrkj&mik;ksadk lekos'kA

?k & f'k{k.k&laosQrksadk funsZ'kA

ikB~;p;kZosQ y{;ksadks nf"V esa j[kdj lq/h izk;kidksa ,oafo"k;&fo'ks"kKksaosQ leosr iz;kl lsfufeZr izLrqr ikB~;iqLrd fu'p;gh laLrk;;u osQ {ks=k esa ,d 'kqHkkjEHk gSA ;g ikB~;e laLrkkhrhNk=kksaesamu xq.kksadksfodflr djsxk tksikB~;p;kZosQ y{;:Ik esafoU;Lr fd;sx;sgSaA

ikB~;iqLrd&lfefr osQ eq[; ijke'kZdosQ :i esa gesa ekxZn'kZufeyk gS laLr osQ iz[;kr fo}ku~ izks- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] v;{k]laLr foHkkx] MkW- gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxj (e-iz-) dk

tks Js"B dfo] leh{kd] vusd ikB~;xzUFk&fuekZrk ,oa vuqHko osQ /uh deZB fo}ku~ gSaA f o ' k s " k K f o }k u ~osQ :Ik esa ge ykHkkfUor gq, gSaizks- jktsUnz feJ ,oa izks- nhfIr f=kikBh ls tks iwoZ esa Hkh jk"Vh;'kSf{kd vuqlU/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ dh laLr lEcU/h vusdifj;kstukvksa] laxksf"B;ksa ,oa mieksa esa viuk lf; ;ksxnku nsrsjgs gSaA lfefr osQ vU;kU; leLr lnL; Hkh fo"k; ,oa Hkk"kk osQeeZK] ;'kLoh izk;kid gSaA

izLrqr ladyu esa nl ikB gSaA buesa izFke ikB osnke`re~ esaXosn] ;tqosZn ,oavFkoZosn lseU=kksadksladfyr fd;k x;k gSAfo'o'kkfUr] fo'ocU/qRo vkSj jk"Vizse dh n`f"V ls;seU=k Nk=kksaosQfy, ,d vuqdj.kh; vkn'kZizLrqr djrsgSaA

f}rh; ikB rqfp=k.ke~ esa okYehfdjkek;.k osQ fdf"dU/k]vj.; ,oalqUnj dk.Mksa ls 12 'yksd ladfyr gSaA buesaolUr] o"kkZ]

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


20/117

xx

'kjn~,oagseUr rFkk pUnzksn; dk vR;Ur lqUnj fp=k.k gSA izfr&o.kZudh n`f"V ls;s 'yksd vR;Ur euksje rFkk n;kotZd gSaA lEiw.kZfo'oesaek=k Hkkjro"kZgh ,d ,slk fnO; Hkw[k.M gStgkleLr rq,viuslkaxksikax oSHko&foykl osQ lkFk ckjh&ckjh lsvkrh gSasA izR;sd rqesa/fj=kh dk lkjk ifjos'k gh vkewy&pwy ifjofrZr gksmBrk gSA

r`rh; ikBijksidkjk; lrkafoHkwr;% vk;Z'kwj iz.khrtkrdekyklsx`ghr gSA blesa eRL;:i esavorfjr Hkxoku~ cksf/lo (rFkkxr osQiwoZtUeksadh laKk) osQ ijksidkj dh ?kVuk dk vR;Ur eeZLi'khZo.kZufd;k x;k gSA

prqFkZ ikB ekuks fg egrka /ue~ iape osn dgs tkus okysegkHkkjr lsladfyr fd;k x;k gSA {kk=k/eZjrk fonqjk flU/qjkt }kjkijkftr rFkk j.kHkwfe lsiykf;r viusiq=k dksxfgZr djrh gqbZmlsfot; izkfIr gsrqizsfjr djrh gSA ;g ikB gesaiq#"kkFkZ,oam|ksx dhf'k{kk nsrk gSA

ipe ikBlkSo.kZ'kdfVdkegkdfo 'kwnzd&iz.khr vej ukV~;fr

e`PNdfVde~ls ladfyr gSA lksusvkSj ekVh osQ 'kk'or }U} dheeZLi'khZ O;k[;k djusokysbl ukV~;ka'k esaukV~;uk;d pk#nk osQ iq=kjksglsu dh ckylqyHk ykylk dk vR;Ur ekfeZd fp=k.k gSA

"k"B ikB vkgkjfopkj%] pjd&lafgrk osQ jlfoeku uked izFkev;k; lsfy;k x;k gSA blesavkgkj&lkexzh osQ xq.kksadh oSKkfudleh{kk dh xbZgStksvkt osQ jksxcgqy ifjos'k esavR;Ur mikns; gSA

lIre ikBlUrfrizcks/ue~egf"kZvjfoUn&iz.khr laLr [k.MdkO;Hkokuh&Hkkjrhlsladfyr gSftlesaijk/hu Hkkjr&tuuh }kjk viuhlUrkuksadksLorU=krk izkfIr gsrqizsfjr ,oaizcksf/r fd;k x;k gSA

v"Ve ikB n;kohj dFkk eSfFky&dksfdy fo|kifr&iz.khrdFkkfriq#"kijh{kkls ladfyr gS ftlesa 'kj.kkxroRly j.kFkEHkkSjujs'k ije gBh jko gEehj flag dh n;kohjrk dk foy{k.k f'k{kkizno.kZu fd;k x;k gSA

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


21/117

xxi

uoe ikBfoKkuukSdkegkdfo izks- Jhfuokl jFk osQ dkO;laxzg^rnso xxua lSo /jk*lsladfyr gSA bl dfork esaikjEifjd ,oauSlfxZd lq[k&lEink dh mis{kk dj foKku&iznk vlq[kkUr lqfo/kvksaosQ vU/eksg osQ izfr dfo }kjk turk dkslko/ku fd;k x;k gSA

n'ke ikBdUFkkekf.kD;e~izks- vfHkjktjktsUnzfeJ iz.khr ,dkadh&laxzg:i#h;e~lsladfyr gSA dUFkkekf.kD; dk vFkZgSxqnM+h dkyky] ftldk bl ,dkadh esa uke gS&lkse/jA lkse/j ,d'kkdiQyfosrk dk cPpk gSftldh fe=krk vf/oDrk Hkokuhnk osQiq=k flU/qlsgSA xjhc&vehj dh ;g eS=kh iwokZxzg & xzLr HkokuhnkdksilUn ughaA ijUrqnq?kZVukxzLr flU/qosQ izfr iznf'kZr lkse/j osQlnkpj.k us ,d fnu Hkokuhnk dk Hkh n; ifjofrZr dj fn;kAoxZ}s"k dkslekIr djusokyk ;g ,dkadh Nk=kksadkslRiFk iznf'kZrdjrk gSA

,dkn'k ikB bZ'k% oqQ=kkfLr fo'odfo johUnzukFk VSxksj dhxhrkatfylsladfyr gSA laLr esa vuwfnr johUnzukFk dh ;g caxyk

dfork muosQ izxfroknh ,oatuoknh n`f"Vdks.k dk ifjp; djkrh gSftlesaijes'oj dks efUnj osQ xHkZx`g esa


22/117

xxii

dkykrhr gkspqdh gSA johUnz] vjfoUn] egkRek xk/h] Jhfuokl jFk]vfHkjktjktsUnzdh ekSfyd vFkok vuwfnr jpukvksals laLr Hkk"kk dhvokZphurk ,oathoUrrk Lor% fl gkstkrh gSA

ladyu osQ lHkh ikBksaesafofHkUu ekuoh; Hkkoksadk oqQ'kyrk lsfp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA ekuoewY;ksadh LFkkiuk] lgt vkUrfjd vkd"kZ.k]ijksidkj] ckyeuksfoKku] vkgkj dh egkk ,oaizcU/n{krk dh n`f"Vls;sikB Nk=kksaosQ fy, f'k{kkizn ,oami;ksxh gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr blladyu dk ms'; Nk=kksadks laLr osQ izfl rFkk egku~ lkfgR;dkjksalsifjfpr djokuk Hkh gSA blosQ lkFk&lkFk mudh lkSUn;kZuqHkwfr dkfodkl djokuk Hkh bl ladyu dk y{; gSA

laLr lkfgR; dh fo'kky ijEijk lsbl ladyu esaosn] dkO;]x| rFkk ukVd lsizfrfuf/Hkwr va'k ladfyr gSaA ftu xzUFkksals;sikB~;ka'k ladfyr gSamudk laf{kIr ifjp; ;gkfn;k tk jgk gS&

Xosn%&Xosnlafgrk esa Lrqfrijd rFkk vpZukiz/ku eU=kksa dkladyu fd;k x;k gSA ;g fo'o dk izFke O;ofLFkr miyC/ xzUFk

gS ftlesa lIrflU/q & izns'k esa jgus okys vk;ks osQ /kfeZd fopkjksa,oa nk'kZfud Hkkoukvk sa dk dkO;kRed fp=k.k gSA Xosn osQ le; esaHkkjro"kZ dh tks lkaLfrd psruk Fkh og vkt Hkh Hkkjrh; ekul esafo|eku gSA blls laLr dh /kjk osQ lrr izokg dh iqf"V gksrh gSAvk;ks dh ,d yEch ckSfd ijEijk dk fnXn'kZu Xosn esa miyC/gksrk gSA osn osQ lwDrksa osQ cgqr cM+s Hkkx esa vfXu] bUnz] lfork] #nz]fe=k] o#.k] lw;Z] e#r~ vkfn nsorkvksa dh izkFkZuk gSA /kfeZd n`f"Vls jfpr lwDrksa dh la[;k bl lafgrk esa vo'; gh lokZf/d gSA ;geaMy] v;k; rFkk lwDr :i esafoHkDr gSaA blesa10580 eU=k ,oa

1028 lwDr gSaA;tqosZn%&blesa;K esami;ksxh eU=kksa dk ladyu gSA bl rjg;g vuq"Bku&fo"k;d lafgrk gSA bu ;Kksaesan'kZiw.kZekl] vfXugks=k]pkrqekZL;] lkse;kx] oktis;] jktlw;] v'oes/ vkfn izeq[k gSaA ;tqosZnesaoqQN eU=k i|kRed gSarFkk oqQN x|kRed gSaA x|kRed eU=k jk"Vh;

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglase

Documents

Raj Board Class 11 Book - SHASHWATI