Radio in Africa

8/3/2019 Radio in Africa

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Rofge gm Orgno

Xpblgn~, Nplvpr`~, Nejjpmgvg`~


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4/32

Rofge gm OrgnoXpblgn~, Nplvpr`~, Nejjpmgvg`~

@fgv`f bw Lg{ Apmm`r, Fgmo Lgaoao omf Fpjg~omg Jewe


5/32

Xpblg~d`f gm êpvd Orgno bw;

Qgv~ Pmgy`r~gvw Xr`~~

? Kom ^jpv~ Oy`mp`

Kedomm`~bpra

288?

dvvx;%%gv~xr`~~-gv~-on-{o

Xpblg~d`f `fgvgem Qgv~ Pmgy`r~gvw Xr`~~ 28??

Nejxglovgem Yelpj` `fgver~ 28??Ndoxv`r~ Gmfgygfpol nemvrgbpver~ 28??

Igr~v xpblg~d`f 28??

G^BM 714 ? 494?6 008 4

Oll rgadv~ r`~`ry`f- Me xorv e vdg~ xpblgnovgem jow b` r`xrefpn`f, ~ver`f gm o r`vrg`yol ~w~v`j,

er vrom~jgvv`f gm omw erj er bw omw jòm~, `l`nvremgn, j`ndomgnol, xdevenexwgma, r`nerfgma

er evd`rg~`, gvdepv vd` rgvv`m x`rjg~~gem e vd`xpblg~d`r, `tn`xv gm onnerfomn` gvd vd`

xreyg~gem~ e vd` Nexwrgadv Onv, Onv 74 e ?714-

Ney`r xdevearoxdw bw Mgccg Rgtem, Orgnom J`fgo Emlgm`

@fgv`f bw Ol`t Xevv`r

Ney`r f`~gam bw Devdep~` êpvd Orgno

Beec f`~gam omf lowepv bw ^dò Xpblg~dgma

Xrgmv`f omf bepmf bw Nr`fo Nejjpmgnovgem~


6/32

y

Nemv`mv~

Oncmel fa`j`mv~ ygg

Nemvrgbpver~ gt

Obbr`ygovgem~ omf onremwj~ tgy

Gmvrefpnvgem

Vd` epmf~nox`~ e Rofge gm Orgno ?

Lg{ Apmm`r, Fgmo Lgaoao omf Fpjg~omg Jewe

Xorv ? Rofge, Xexplor F`jenronw omf M` Xpblgn~ ?1

? Volc Rofge omf Xelgvgn~ gm Adomo; @txlergma Ngygn omf

$Pm'Ngygl Fg~nepr~` gm vd` Xpblgn ^xd`r` ?7

Qg~fej K- V`vv`w

2 Irej Fgp~gem ve Fgoleagn xon`; IJ Rofge ^vovgem~ gm C`mwo >9

Ndrg~vexd`r Ke~`xd Efdgojbe

> Nemv`~vgma Jogm~vròj J`fgo Xe`r; J`fgovgma vd`

[gjbobq` Nrg~g~ vdrepad Nlomf`~vgm` Rofge 67

Fpjg~omg Jewe

6 @qpgyenol R`~emomn`~; G~lojgn R`ygyol omf I`jol` RofgeXrònd`r~ gm Prbom Jolg 9>

Ferevdò @- ^ndpl{

Xorv 2 Vd` Nplvpr`~ e Rofge; Lomapoa`~ ei

vd` @y`rwfow 4?

0 Qdov G~ vd` R`lovgem~dgx b`v``m Dov` Rofge omf

Ygel`mn`5 R`vdgmcgma Rqomfo~ Rofge Jond`v` 4>

^nevv vrop~

9 Qdw Rofge G~ Orgno~ J`fgpj e Ndegn`

gm vd` Alebol Oa` ?82

Qgm~vem Jome

1 Bomvp~vom Gf`mvgvw, N`m~er~dgx omf ^pby`r~gem em

Mervd`rm êvde Rofge pmf`r Oxorvd`gf, ?798~48~ ??1

^`cgbocgbo X`v`r L`caeovdg

4 êpvd Orgnom Rofge gm o ôpn`xom ?>6

Foygf B- Nexlom


7/32

yg Rofge gm Oirgno

7 Rofge Vdòvr`; Vd` Jerol Xlow gm vd` Dg~vergnol Nemv`tv ei

^vov` Nemvrel omf N`m~er~dgx ei Breofno~vgma gm C`mwo ?67

Fgmo Lgaoao

?8 G~g[plp Rofge Frojo omf vd` Jef`rm ^pbk`nv; R`~vl`~~

Gf`mvgvg`~ gm êpvd Oirgno gm vd` ?718~ ?9>

Lg{ Apmm`r

Xorv > Rofge omf Nejjpmgvw; Yegn`~ ei Ndoma` ?4?

?? Rofge Ecoxg ?88 x`r n`mv Nemael`~` ?4>

^v`xdomg` Qelv`r~

?2 Volc Rofge, F`jenronw omf vd` Xpblgn ^xd`r`;

091JQ gm Nox` Veqm ?71

Vomko Be~nd

?> Rofge omf R`lgagem; O No~` ei Fgii`r`mn` omf Fgy`r~gvw 284

Jorgo Irodj*Orx

?6 Yegn`~ rej Qgvdepv; Vd` Oirgnom Movgemol Nemar`~~,

Gv~ Rofge, Gv~ Ollg`~ omf @tgl`, ?79846 22>

^v`xd`m R- Foyg~

?0 Ogrgma vd` Xelgvgn~ e Movgem; Rofge gm Omaelo,

Xo~v omf Xr`~`mv 2>4

Jorg~~o K- Jeerjom

?9 Rofge gm [em`~ e Nemignv; Obmerjol Jò~pr`~ ier

Obmerjol Ngrnpj~vomn`~ 209

Foygf ^jgvd

?1 Jplvgxl` Xpblgn~, Jplvgxl` Lomapoa`~; Rofge omf vd`

Nemv`~vovgem~ ei Breofno~vgma Lomapoa` Xelgnw gm Paomfo 218

Jemgno B- Ndgbgvo

R``r`mn`~ 249

Gmf`t >89


8/32

ygg

Oncmel`fa`j`mv~

Vd` beec fro~ gm xorv em o rofge nelleqpgpj eraomg~`f bw vd` vdr`` ne*`fgver~ gm

Enveb`r 2881 `mvgvl`f Rofge, Xpblgn~ omf Nejjpmgvg`~ gm êpvd`rm Orgno, dgndo~ pmf`f bw vd` êpvd Orgnom Movgemol R`~òrnd Iepmfovgem $MRI' omf o~ xorv

e o vdr``*wòr r`~òrnd xrek`nv em Rofge omf Nejjpmgvw gm êpvd Orgno pmf`f bw

vd` MRI omf neerfgmov`f bw Lg{ Apmm`r- Vd`gr ~pxxerv omf a`m`rep~ pmfgma o~

gmyolpobl` er vd` nejxl`vgem e vdg~ beec- Om orlg`r nelleqpgpj, [plp Rofge Frojo

omf Gv~ Xronvgvgem`r~, o~ d`lf gm Enveb`r 2880 ov vd` Pmgy`r~gvw e Co[plp*Movol,

Xg`v`rjorgv{bpra- O ~`nemf nelleqpgpj, Rofge omf vd` Xpl~` e vd` Vgj`~, veec

xlon` ov vd` Qgv~ Gm~vgvpv` er êngol omf @nemejgn R`~òrnd $QG^@R', Pmgy`r~gvw

e vd` Qgvov`r~romf gm Enveb`r 2889- Vd`r` `r` jomw nejx`llgma ~xòc`r~, ~pnd

o~ Kedm X`rljomm, vd`m ~vgll ov vd` êpvd Orgnom Breofno~vgma Nerxerovgem $ÔBN'3

vd` onver omf frojovg~v Q`lnej` J~ejg3 Omvem Dorb`r omf Irom{ Crpa`r rej vd`

Keprmolg~j omf J`fgo ^vpfg`~ F`xorvj`mv ov vd` Pmgy`r~gvw e vd` Qgvov`r~romf

$Qgv~', Kedomm`~bpra3 Vdplo~g{` Mcobgmf`, fgr`nver e jp~gn ov vd` ÔBN3 omf

jomw evd`r~ de~` erc ` doy` mev b``m obl` ve p~`, bpv de bw vd`gr y`rw

xr`~`mn` ov vd`~` `y`mv~ nemvrgbpv`f ve dov ` me doy`- Qgvdepv vd` ~vrema

~pxxerv e vd` MRI, mem` e vd` nelleqpgo mer vdg~ yelpj` eplf doy` b``m xe~~gbl`,

omf ` or` f``xlw arov`pl ve gv-

Q` eplf ol~e lgc` ve vdomc oll vd` nemvrgbpver~ ve vd` Enveb`r 2881 nelleqpgpj,

~ej` e de~` ergagmol xox`r~ `r` r`yg~`f omf dem`f er xpblgnovgem gm vdg~ beec-

@ond xr`~`mv`r ov vd` nelleqpgpj nemvrgbpv`f ve gv~ ~pnn`~~ omf vd` f`bov`~ vdov

`j`ra`f ~dox`f vd` ~vrpnvpr` e vd` xr`~`mv beec- O mpjb`r e ndoxv`r~ `r`

off`f qpgv` ~ej` vgj` ov`r vd` gmgvgol nelleqpgpj, omf ` ol~e omv ve vdomc epr

nellòap`~ rej fg~vomv xlon`~ de nemvrgbpv`f ndoxv`r~ ov epr r`qp`~v omf gm epr

yg` off`f o gf`r yg` e dov rofge gm Orgno g~ ve vd` beec-

Epr nellòap`~ ov vd` Pmgy`r~gvw e vd` Qgvov`r~romf e`r`f p~ o aròv fòl e

~pxxerv omf `mneproa`j`mv o~ ` erc`f em vd` jomp~nrgxv- Ojema jomw, `

eplf xorvgnplorlw lgc` ve vdomc Xre`~~er Voomo Cpx`, Fòm e Dpjomgvg`~, de

ex`m`f vd` 2889 erc~dex omf vd` 2881 nelleqpgpj omf de~` em gm~gadvpl

erc em vd` j`fgo do~ b``m om gm~xgrovgem ve p~- G~ob`l Dej`wr, Fom Ekoma, Kem

ê~c`, Kem Dw~lex omf Grjo fp Xl`~~g~ oll aoy` ~pxxerv omf nea`mv nrgvgng~j epr

vdomc~ ve oll e vd`j- Nellòap`~ prvd`r o`lf om~`r`f epv*e*vd`*blp` `jogl~ gvd

roxgfgvw; Q`mfw Koj`~ om~`r`f qp`~vgem~ obepv rofge gm ^pfom, Dorrg @malpmf

`txomf`f em rofge gm Jolog, omf Kgj Br`mmom aoy` f`vogl~ e dg~ erc em ôdglg

rofge rd`vergn, xeg~em omf fex`- Epr vdomc~ vee ve Irom{ Qglf er gmyolpobl` d`lx

gvd ~paa`~vgem~ e de ve nemvonv em rofge gm n`mvrol Orgno- Lgmfo Jobgm xreygf`f

yolpobl` `fgvgma, r`~òrnd, omf bgblgearoxdgn ~cgll~ ve vd` mol jomp~nrgxv, omf Lplp


9/32

yggg Rofge gm Oirgno

yom Jel`mfer oxxlg`f d`r `tn`ll`mv nexw*`fgvgma omf r`~`ornd ~cgll~ ve vd` ndoxv`r~

o~ vd`w noj` gm-

Epr vdomc~ er vd` `tn`ll`mv ~pxxerv xreygf`f bw Qgv~ Xr`~~ omf gm xorvgnplor

Y`remgno Clgxx, Kplg` Jgll`r omf J`lomg` X`qp`pt- ^wm`f Jvdovgo d`lx`f gvdf`vogl~ em rofge gm Jolog omf @pnlgf`~ Nemoly`~ aoy` gmxpv em gm~xgrovgemol rofge

gm Lp~exdem` Orgno-

QG^@R de~v`f vd` xpblgn rofge `y`mv~ gm 2889 omf 2881 omf xreygf`f gmyolpobl`

gm~vgvpvgemol ~pxxerv vdrepadepv vd` erc em vdg~ beec- Gm vdg~ r`aorf, ` xorvgnplorlw

vdomc F`berod Xe~`l, vd`m fgr`nver e QG^@R, omf Mokgbdo omf Ofglo F`~djpcd er

vd`gr ofjgmg~vrovgy` ~pxxerv-


Kedomm`~bpra, Jornd 28??


10/32

gt

Nemvrgbpver~

Vomko Be~nd g~ ^`mger L`nvpr`r ov vd` N`mvr` er Iglj omf J`fgo ^vpfg`~ ov vd`

Pmgy`r~gvw e Nox` Vem, êpvd Orgno- ^d` nejxl`v`f d`r JO gm Gmv`rmovgemolOogr~ dgl` o Iplbrgadv ~ndelor ov Edge Pmgy`r~gvw, d`r` ~d` ol~e arofpov`f gvd

o XdF gm Jo~~ Nejjpmgnovgem- D`r fg~~`rvovgem, dgnd o~ oorf`f vd` Breofno~v

@fpnovgemol O~~engovgem Epv~vomfgma Fg~~`rvovgem Oorf 288>, o~ om `vdmearoxdgn

~vpfw e nejjpmgvw rofge omf gf`mvgvw gm epvd Orgno- d` vònd`~ rofge keprmolg~j,

m` j`fgo, dòlvd nejjpmgnovgem, omf j`fgo vdèrw omf r`~òrnd- D`r orò~ e

r`~òrnd omf xpblgnovgem gmnlpf` volc rofge omf f`jenronw, nejjpmgvw rofge, omf

wepvd p~` e jebgl` j`fgo, xorvgnplorlw n`llxdem`~ omf Ion`beec-

Jemgno B- Ndgbgvo g~ ^`mger L`nvpr`r gm vd` F`xorvj`mv e Jo~~ Nejjpmgnovgem,

Joc`r`r` Pmgy`r~gvw omf o ~`mger r`~òrnd`r pmf`r vd` Joc`r`r`*^gfo r`~òrnd

nelloberovgem- ^d` g~ o~~engov` `fgver e vd` Keprmol e Orgnom J`fgo ^vpfg`~,

omf o j`jb`r e vd` `fgvergol beorf eNejjpmgnovge; êpvd Orgnom Keprmol er

Nejjpmgnovgem Vdèrw omf R`~òrnd omf e vd` ofyg~erw beorf eGmv`ronvgem~;

^vpfg`~ gm Nejjpmgnovgem omf Nplvpr`- ^d` do~ xr`~`mv`f xox`r~ ov yorgep~

gmv`rmovgemol nem`r`mn`~ omf xpblg~d`f em j`fgo dg~verw, j`fgo xelgnw, lo omf

ràplovgem, vd` j`fgo omf xorvgngxovgem, omf gmfga`mep~*lomapoa` breofno~vgma-

^d` do~ ol~e b``m gmyely`f gm yorgep~ o~x`nv~ e j`fgo ràplovgem omf nprrgnplpj

f`y`lexj`mv omf r`yg` gm vd` ò~v`rm Orgno ràgem ey`r vd` lo~v f`nof`-

Foygf B- Nexlom bàom dg~ onof`jgn nor``r ov vd` ^vov` Pmgy`r~gvw e M` Werc

gm ?74? omf jey`f ve vd` Pmgy`r~gvw e Nox` Vem gm ?77>- Gm ?771 d` b`noj`

xre`~~er omf ndogr e vd` F`xorvj`mv e Omvdrexeleaw ov vd` Pmgy`r~gvw e vd`

Qgvov`r~romf, Kedomm`~bpra- Ojema dg~ orò~ e `tx`rvg~` or` vd` x`rerjgma

orv~ omf j`fgo, gmnlpfgma êpvd Orgnom omf vd` alebol jp~gn omf j`fgo gmfp~vrg`~-

D` g~ vd` opvder eGm Vem~dgx Vemgadv/ Vdr`` N`mvprg`~ e Blonc êpvd Orgnom

Jp~gn omf Vdòvr` $Lemajom, ?7403 Konomo ) Ndgnoae, 2881'- Gm r`n`mv wòr~ d`

do~ `tv`mf`f vdg~ gmv`r`~v ve gmnlpf` xrek`nv~ gm nplvprol gmfp~vrg`~, d`rgvoa` omf

veprg~j, omf d` g~ o r`qp`mv nejj`mvover em nplvprol g~~p`~ em êpvd Orgnom rofge

omf v`l`yg~gem-

^v`xd`m R- Foyg~ r`n`gy`f dg~ XdF rej vd` Pmgy`r~gvw e Ilergfo gm 28?8- Dg~

fg~~`rvovgem g~ o jplvg*~gv`f dg~verw e Pjcdemve ` ^g{`, vd` orj`f gma e vd`

Orgnom Movgemol Nemar`~~ e êpvd Orgno- D` g~ O~~g~vomv Xre`~~er e Dg~verw,

Pmgy`r~gvw e C`mvpncw-


11/32

t Rofge gm Oirgno

Jorgo Irodj*Orx g~ `mger L`nvpr`r gm vd` ndeel e Vdèleaw ov v Opap~vgm` Nellà`,

Kedomm`~bpra, êpvd Orgno- D`r xorvgnplor r ~òrnd gmv r`~v~ enp~ em vd` ow~ gm

dgnd r`lgagem g~ `txr`~~`f omf `tx`rg`mn`f gm vd` ~engol nemv`tv e nemv`jxerorw

êpvd Orgno- ^d` o~ o J`llem Xe~v*fenverol I`lle ov vd` Qgv~ Gm~vgvpv` er êngolomf @nemejgn R`~òrnd $QG^@R', Pmgy`r~gvw e vd` Qgvov`r~romf rej 2889 ve

2884 omf nejxl`v`f d`r XdF ov vd` Pmgy`r~gvw e Qorgnc gm 2889- D`r r`n`mv

xpblgnovgem~ gmnlpf`Xre`~~gemol Qej`m gm êpvd Orgnom X`mv`ne~vol Ndorg~jovgn

Ndprnd`~ $Brgll, 28?8' omfF`y`lexj`mv omf Xelgvgn~ rej B`le; @txlergma R`lgagep~

^xon`~ gm vd` Orgnom vov` dgnd ~d` `fgv`f gvd Borboro Bejxomg $Xolaroy`, 28?8'-

Lg{ Apmm`r g~ Yg~gvgma Xre`~~er ov QG^@R, Pmgy`r~gvw e vd` Qgvov`r~romf- ^d`

do~ rgvv`m `tv`m~gy`lw em lomapoa`, j`fgo omf x`rerjomn` gm êpvd Orgno-

R`n`mv orvgnl`~ bw d`r gmnlpf` Koneb [pjo, vd` ~engol befw omf vd` pmrplw xe`r

e ~ema $Orgnom Oogr~, 2887' omf R`nemaprgma fgo~xero; Orgno em vd` rg~`

omf vd` rofge yegn`~ e L`g~ Mce~g omf Blec` Jefg~om` $êngol Fwmojgn~, 28?8'-

^d` do~ nemvrgbpv`f o ndoxv`r em ~ema, ygel`mn` omf jo~nplgmgvg`~ gm Co[plp*

Movol ve vd` 28?? Brgll%Qgv~ Pmgy`r~gvw Xr`~~ beecJ`fgovgem~ e Ygel`mn` gm Orgno;

Io~dgemgma M` Ipvpr`~ rej Nemv`~v`f Xo~v~ `fgv`f bw Lgfg`m Coxv`gkm~ omf

Omm`jg`c Rgndv`r-^d` g~ nprr`mvlw em` e vd` `fgver~ e vd` Qgv~*bo~`f keprmol

Orgnom ^vpfg`~ omf g~ o ~`mger r`~òrnd`r em vd` Yelc~oa`m Iepmfovgem*pmf`f

xrek`nv em Xo~~oa`~ e Nplvpr`; J`fgo omf J`fgovgem~ e Nplvpr` gm Orgno-

^`cgbocgbo X`v`r L`caeovdg g~ ^`mger L`nvpr`r gm Dg~verw gm vd` ^ndeel e êngol

^ng`mn`~, Pmgy`r~gvw e vd` Qgvov`r~romf, Kedomm`~bpra- Dg~ r`~òrnd gmv`r`~v~

gmnlpf` `vdmgngvw omf vd` jocgma e vd` Vrom~yool Mf`b`l`3 vd` dg~verw e vd`

êpvd Orgnom Breofno~vgma Nerxerovgem~ $ÔBN~' Orgnom*lomapoa` rofge,

`~x`ngollw Mervd`rm êvde* omf g~gMf`b`l`*lomapoa` ~`rygn`~3 vd` dg~verw e vd`

Orgnom Movgemol Nemar`~~~ $OMN~' Rofge Ir``fej3 @prexòm omvdrexeleag~v~,

Orgnom r`~òrnd o~~g~vomv~ omf `lferc gm ~epvd`rm Orgno3 dg~verw vòndgma omf

vònd`r f`y`lexj`mv3 omf d`rgvoa`-

Fgmo Lgaoao g~ L`nvpr`r gm vd` F`xorvj`mv e J`fgo ^vpfg`~, Pmgy`r~gvw e vd`

Qgvov`r~romf- D`r r`~òrnd gmv`r`~v~ gmnlpf` xexplor nplvpr` omf r`xr`~`mvovgem,

breofno~vgma omf m` j`fgo nplvpr`~ omf xe~vnelemgol lgv`rovpr`- ^d` g~ ne*`fgver

e om pxnejgma beec em @o~v`rm Orgnom gmv`ll`nvpol lomf~nox`~ dgnd r`yg~gv~

vdèr`vgnol omf nplvprol mpomn`~ gm @o~v`rm Orgnom lgv`rovpr`~ omf nplvpr`~-

Oxorv rej d`r xpblgnovgem~ gm vd` orò e rofge frojo, ~d` do~ r`n`mvlw bàpm

erc em C`mwom gmv`rm`v nplvpr`~ omf do~ ~e or xpblg~d`f ve orvgnl`~; Ygrvpol

`txr`~~gem~; Olv`rmovgy` x`rerjomn` ~xon`~ omf vd` ~voagma e C`mwom nplvpr`~


12/32

Nemvrgbpver~ tg

emlgm` $ervdnejgma' omf @vdmgn ~v`rèvwx`~ omf vd` gfèleagnol jomg`~vovgem~ e

`vdmgngvw gm C`mwom nwb`r nejjpmgvg`~ $2887'-

Qgm~vem Jome g~ j`jb`r e vd` Nejjpmgnovgem omf J`fgo R`~òrnd Gm~vgvpv`,fgr`nver e vd` Orgno J`fgo N`mvr`, omf o ~`mger l`nvpr`r gm J`fgo omf Nejjpmgnovgem

ov vd` Pmgy`r~gvw e Q`~vjgm~v`r, Lemfem- D` g~ ol~e xrgmngxol `fgver e vd`Keprmol

e Orgnom J`fgo ^vpfg`~- D` do~ xpblg~d`f gf`lw em g~~p`~ r`lov`f ve j`fgo omf

nejjpmgnovgem omf dg~ nprr`mv r`~òrnd gmv`r`~v~ gmnlpf` rofge, opfg`mn`~, m`

j`fgo omf f`jenronw-

Jorg~~o K- Jeerjom g~ O~~engov` Xre`~~er e Orgnom Dg~verw ov Gmfgomo Pmgy`r~gvw-

^d` g~ om dg~vergom e ~epvd`rm Orgno de~` r`~òrnd enp~`~ em vd` gmv`r~`nvgem

b`v``m xelgvgn~ omf nplvpr` gm nelemgol omf gmf`x`mf`mv Omaelo- Gmvemovgem~

$Edge Pmgy`r~gvw Xr`~~, 2884' `txler`~ jp~gn o~ o xronvgn` gm omf vdrepad dgnd

Omaelom~ lgygma pmf`r `tvr`j` xelgvgnol r`xr`~~gem gjoagm`f vd` movgem omf de

vd` xorvgnplorgvg`~ e jp~gn omf dg~vergnol jej`mv no~v vdg~ xren`~~ e gjoagmgma gm

a`mf`r`f v`rj~- Vd` beec orap`~ vdov nplvprol xronvgn` g~ xrefpnvgy` e xelgvgn~ omf

mev kp~v f`rgyovgy` e gv- D`r nprr`mv beec xrek`nv, Vpmgma gm ve Movgem, leec~ ov vd`

r`lovgem~dgx b`v``m vd` v`ndmeleaw e rofge omf vd` ~dgvgma xelgvgn~ e ~epvd`rm

Orgno o~ omvg*nelemgol jey`j`mv~ `~voblg~d`f gmf`x`mf`mv ~vov`~ gm o ràgemol

nemv`tv m`lw ndora`f bw Nelf Qor xelgvgn~- ^d` do~ rgvv`m orvgnl`~ em Omaelom

ngm`jo, fr`~~ omf movgem, omf o nemv`jxerorw Omaelom jp~gn omf fomn` a`mr`

cpfpre-

Fpjg~omg Jewe g~ vd` J`fgo omf Gmerjovgem omf Nejjpmgnovgem~ V`ndmeleaw

$GNV' jomoa`r ov vd` Ex`m êng`vw Gmgvgovgy` er êpvd`rm Orgno omf g~ demerorw

r`~òrnd `lle gm vd` F`xorvj`mv e J`fgo ^vpfg`~ ov vd` Pmgy`r~gvw e vd`

Qgvov`r~romf- Dg~ r`~òrnd gmv`r`~v~ gmnlpf` olv`rmovgy` j`fgo, m` j`fgo omf

~eng`vw, ngvg{`m keprmolg~j, omf j`fgo xelgnw gm ~epvd`rm Orgno-

Ndrg~vexd`r Ke~`xd Efdgojbe g~ O~~engov` Xre`~~er e Xe~v*nelemgol Lgv`rovpr`~

omf Oxxlg`f Frojo gm vd` F`xorvj`mv e Lgv`rovpr`, Vdòvr` omf Iglj ^vpfg`~ ov

Jeg Pmgy`r~gvw, @lfer`v, C`mwo- Dg~ nprr`mv r`~òrnd gmv`r`~v~ or` vd` fwmojgn~ e

IJ rofge ~vovgem~ gm C`mwo o~ `ll o~ vd` gjoagmovgem$~' e xe`r, xelgvgn~, a`mf`r

omf j`jerw gm xe~v*nelemgol frojo- Efdgojbe~ beec, Vdòvr` er F`y`lexj`mv

gm C`mwo; Gm ^òrnd e om @`nvgy` Xren`fpr` omf J`vdefeleaw $2884', xpblg~d`f

bw Bowr`pvd Orgnom ^vpfg`~, `txler`~ vd` nejxl`tgvg`~ e vdòvr` er nejjpmgvw

f`y`lexj`mv, ~x`ngnollw gm C`mwo omf xe~v*nelemgol Orgno gm a`m`rol-


13/32

tgg Rofge gm Oirgno

Ferevdò @- ndpl{ g~ Xre`~~er gm vd` F`xorvj`mv e Nplvprol omf engol Omvdrexeleaw

ov vd` Pmgy`r~gvw e Neleam`, A`rjomw- D`r ervdnejgma beec, Jp~lgj~ omf M`

J`fgo gm Q`~v Orgno $Gmfgomo Pmgy`r~gvw Xr`~~, 28??', fòl~ gvd G~lojgn r`ygyolg~v

jey`j`mv~ gm Jolg vdov r`lw em yorgep~ j`fgo v`ndmeleag`~ ve xrejev` o r`lovgy`lwm` nemn`xvgem e xpblgnlw `monv`f r`lgage~gvw- ^d` do~ ol~e xpblg~d`f gf`lw em

j`fgo xronvgn`~ omf xpblgn nplvpr` gm ôd`lgom Q`~v Orgno, a`mf`r ~vpfg`~ omf vd`

omvdrexeleaw e vd` ~vov`- ^d` g~ nprr`mvlw r`~òrndgma Jp~lgj xronvgn`~ e nejgma

ve v`rj~ gvd fòvd omf jeprmgma gm o ~gvpovgem e nemvgmp`f `neleagnol omf ~engol

fg~o~v`r omf grrpxvgem gm Paomfo-

Foygf ^jgvd g~ Fgr`nver e vd` Kedomm`~bpra*bo~`f Ecoxg Nem~plvgma- Ecoxg

Nem~plvgma o~ vd` gjxl`j`mvgma oa`mnw er o Pmgv`f Movgem~*~xem~er`f rofge

xrek`nv, Bor*Cplom, ~voblg~d`f er vd` xèxl` e ejolgo omf vd` ejolg fgo~xero- D`

do~ erc`f `tv`m~gy`lw gvd vd` PM em j`fgo xrek`nv~ gm nemignv omf xe~v*nemignv

{em`~ rej vd` Bolcom~ ve vd` N`mvrol Orgnom R`xpblgn, gmnlpfgma vd` nemn`xvgem omf

gjxl`j`mvovgem e vd` Rofge Ecoxg m`verc gm vd` F`jenrovgn R`xpblgn e Nemae-

Dg~ boncarepmf gm `l`nvremgn j`fgo g~ `tv`m~gy`, gmnlpfgma xrefpn`r xe~gvgem~ ov

gmv`rmovgemol xpblgn breofno~v`r~ e Nomofo omf Vd` M`vd`rlomf~, omf jomoagma

o nejj`rngol vrom~erjovgem xrek`nv ov êpvd Orgno~ Noxgvol Rofge- Dg~ erc gm

f`y`lexj`mv bàom gm [gjbob` ~dervlw ov`r gmf`x`mf`mn` o~ xorv e om `fpnovgem

xrearojj` pmf`f bw vd` Nomofgom aey`rmj`mv ve d`lx a`v wepma [gjbobòm~

bonc gmve nlo~~reej~ ov`r vd` or gm vdov nepmvrw dof `mf`f-

^nevv ^vrop~ g~ Xre`~~er e Xelgvgnol ^ng`mn` omf Gmv`rmovgemol ^vpfg`~ ov vd`

Pmgy`r~gvw e Qg~nem~gm, Jofg~em, d`r` d` ol~e fgr`nv~ vd` Dpjom Rgadv~

Gmgvgovgy`- Dg~ xrgjorw r`~òrnd gmv`r`~v~ gmnlpf` vd` ~vpfw e a`mengf`, ygel`mn`,

dpjom rgadv~ omf Orgnom xelgvgn~- D` g~ vd` opvder e Vd` Erf`r e A`mengf`;

Ron`, Xe`r, omf Qor gm Romfo $Nerm`ll Pmgy`r~gvw Xr`~~, 2889', dgnd r`n`gy`f

vd` 2889 Oorf er @tn`ll`mn` gm Xelgvgnol ^ng`mn` omf Aey`rmj`mv rej vd`

O~~engovgem e Oj`rgnom Xpblg~d`r~ omf, gvd Reb`rv Lwem~, Gmvgjov` @m`jw;

Gjoa`~ omf Yegn`~ e vd` Romfom A`mengf` $JGV%[em` Beec~, 2889'- D` g~ ol~e

vd` ne*`fgver, gvd Lor~ Qolfer, eR`jocgma Romfo; ^vov` Bpglfgma omf Dpjom

Rgadv~ ov`r Jo~~ Ygel`mn` $Pmgy`r~gvw e Qg~nem~gm Xr`~~, 28??' omf vd` ne*opvder,

gvd Foygf Lèmorf, eOrgno~ ^voll`f F`y`lexj`mv; Gmv`rmovgemol Nop~`~ omf

Npr`~ $Lwmm` Rg`mm`r, 288>'- D` do~ xpblg~d`f orvgnl`~ r`lov`f ve a`mengf` gm Qerlf

Xelgvgn~,Xelgvgn~ ) êng`vw,Ier`gam Oogr~, A`mengf` vpfg`~ omf Xr`y`mvgem,Keprmol

e A`mengf` R`~òrnd, Xovv`rm~ e Xr`kpfgn` omf vd` Qg~nem~gm Gmv`rmovgemol Lo

Keprmol, omf d` do~ r`n`gy`f aromv~ rej vd` Omfr` J`llem Iepmfovgem, vd` Dorrw


14/32

Nemvrgbpver~ tggg

Iromc Apaa`md`gj Iepmfovgem, vd` Movgemol ^ng`mn` Iepmfovgem, vd` êngol ^ng`mn`

R`~òrnd Nepmngl omf vd` Pmgv`f ^vov`~ Gm~vgvpv` e Xòn`-

Qg~fej K- V`vv`w g~ Xre`~~er omf Fòm e vd` Ionplvw e Nròvgy` omf Nrgvgnol^vpfg`~ ov vd` Pmgy`r~gvw e Brgvg~d Nelpjbgo, Nomofo- Dg~ r`~òrnd `tx`rvg~` omf

gmv`r`~v~ or` gm vd` orò~ e jo~~ j`fgo omf xelgvgn~ gm Orgno3 GNV, ngygn `maoa`j`mv

omf vrom~movgemol ngvg{`m~dgx3 vd` xelgvgnol `nemejw e alebolg~ovgem omf GNV~3 brogm

frogm, fgo~xero cmel`fa` m`verc~ omf dgad`r `fpnovgem noxongvw orò~, omf g~

opvder%ne*opvder omf `fgver%ne*`fgver e ~`y`rol beec~, gmnlpfgma Vd` Xpblgn xd`r`

omf vd` Xelgvgn~ e ^prygyol; Yegn`, ^p~vogmobglgvw, omf Xpblgn Xelgnw gm Adomo $28?8'3

Ndoll`ma`~ e F`y`lexgma omf R`vogmgma vd` M`tv A`m`rovgem e Onof`jgn~; Fìngv~ gm

Onof`jgn vo Noxongvw gm Orgnom Pmgy`r~gvg`~ $28?8'3Orgnom J`fgo omf vd` Fgagvol

^xd`r` $2887'3 Vd` Orgnom Fgo~xero gm Nomofo; Màevgovgma Gf`mvgvw omf B`lemagma

$2880'3 omf Nrgvgnol X`r~x`nvgy`~ em Xelgvgn~ omf ênge*@nemejgn F`y`lexj`mv gm

Adomo $288>'- D` do~ ol~e ~`ry`f, omf nemvgmp`~ ve ~`ry`, o~ o nem~plvomv ve ~`y`rol

movgemol omf gmv`rmovgemol eraomg~ovgem~ gm dg~ `lf~ e ~ndelorlw `tx`rvg~`-

^v`xdomg` Qelv`r~ g~ o jplvgj`fgo keprmolg~v, j`fgo f`y`lexj`mv ~x`ngolg~v omf

nemignv omolw~v gvd 28 wòr~ `tx`rg`mn` ercgma o~ o xrgmv omf breofno~v keprmolg~v

omf nemignv omolw~v gm Orgno er eraomg~ovgem~ ~pnd o~ vd` BBN, Vd` @nemejg~v,

R`pv`r~, vd`Jogl omf Aporfgom, Vd` @nemejg~v Gmv`llga`mn` Pmgv, vd` Qerlf Bomc

omf yorgep~ evd`r gmv`rmovgemol gm~vgvpvgem~- ^d` ~x`mf~ jpnd e d`r vgj` gm N`mvrol

Orgno omf evd`r nemignv omf xe~v*nemignv nepmvrg`~ em vd` nemvgm`mv- Qelv`r~ lgy`f

gm vd` FRN rej ?7742886- ^d` o~ Rofge Ecoxg~ r~v m`~ `fgver-


15/32

tgy

Obbr`ygovgem~ omf onremwj~

OG^ Orgnom Gmerjovgem `rygn`

o-c-o- ol~e cmem o~OJGÊM Orgnom Pmgem Jg~~gem gm êjolgo

OMN Orgnom Movgemol Nemar`~~

OP Orgnom Pmgem

BO[ Breofno~vgma Opvdergvw e [gjbob`

BBN Brgvg~d Breofno~vgma Nerxerovgem

NOB^ N`mvrol Orgnom Breofno~vgma ^vovgem

NOR N`mvrol Orgnom R`xpblgn

FGX F`xorvj`mv e Gmerjovgem omf Xpblgngvw

FXCE F`xorvj`mv e Xòn`c``xgma Ex`rovgem~

FRN F`jenrovgn R`xpblgn e Nemae

@EO @jg~~ero Engol f` Omaelo

IJ r`qp`mnw jefplovgem

IMLO Ir`mv` Mongemol xoro o Lgb`rvoe f` Omaelo

IR@LGJE Ir`mv` f` Lgb`rvoe f` Jeojbgqp`

GNOÔ Gmf`x`mf`mv Nejjpmgnovgem~ Opvdergvw e êpvd Orgno

GNV Gmerjovgem omf Nejjpmgnovgem~ V ndmeleaw

GNVR Gmv`rmovgemol Nrgjgmol Vrgbpmol er Romfo

COMP C`mwo Orgnom Movgemol Pmgem

CBN C`mwo Breofno~vgma Nerxerovgem

CB^ C`mwo Breofno~vgma ^`rygn`

JFN Jey`j`mv er F`jenrovgn Ndoma`

JC Pjcdemve ` ^g{`

JLN Jey`j`mv er vd` Lgb`rovgem e vd` Nemae

JEMPN PM Eraomg~ovgem Jg~~gem gm vd` FRN

JEMP^NE PM Eraomg~ovgem ^pxxerv Jg~~gem gm vd` FRN

JXLO Jeygj`mve Xexplor fo Lgb`rvoe f` Omaelo

MFN Movgemol F`jenrovgn Nemar`~~

M@N Movgemol @t`npvgy` Nejjgvv``

MAE mem*aey`rmj`mvol eraomg~ovgem

MXX M` Xovrgevgn Xorvw

MRI Movgemol R`~òrnd Iepmfovgem

MRJ Movgemol R`~g~vomn` Jey`j`mv

ERV[ En` {ogreg~ f` rofge*fgp~gem `v f` v`l`yg~gem

XON Xom Orgnomg~v Nemar`~~

XGF@ Gmv`rmovgemol Xelgn` er vd` F``mn` e vd` ^vov`


16/32

Obbr ygovgem~ omf onremwj~ ty

RMO Omaelom Movgemol Rofge

RXI Romfom Xovrgevgn Iremv

RVLJ Rofge*Vlyg~gem Lgbr` f`~ Jgll`~ Nellgm`~

RVMN Rofge V l`yg~gem Movgemol Nemaelog~`ÔBN êpvd Orgnom Breofno~vgma Nerxerovgem

ÔNX êpvd Orgnom Nejjpmg~v Xorvw

^QRO ^derv Qoy` Rofge Orgno

VIA Vrom~gvgemol I`f`rol Aey`rmj`mv

VXO Omaelom Xexplor V l`yg~gem

PBN Paomfo Breofno~vgma Nerxerovgem

PM Pmgv`f Movgem~

PMGVO Pmge Mogemol xoro o Gmf`x`mfmgo Vevol f` Omaelo

P^ Pmgv`f ^vov`~

YEC Yegn` e C`mwo

YEO Yegn` e Oj`rgno

YEX Yegn` e vd` Xèxl`

[OMP*XI [gjbob` Orgnom Movgemol Pmgem*Xovrgevgn Iremv

[BN [gjbob` Breofno~vgma Nerxerovgem


17/32


18/32

?


Orgno~ ~epmf~nox`~, noxvpr`f gm vd` nemvgm`mv~ lema omf `tv`m~gy` p~` e

erolgvw, jow mev ~``j ve doy` omw ebygep~ nemm`nvgem gvd rofge- W`v em` rò~em

er vd` nemvgmpgma, xe~~gblw aregma, gjxervomn` e vd` j`fgpj e rofge gm Orgno

g~ gv~ lgmc ve vd` erol omf vd` oprol gm vd` dg~verw omf nplvprol xronvgn`~ e vd`

nemvgm`mv $Dej`wr, ?77>;40'- Gm epr p~` e vd` v`rj ~epmf~nox`~, ` fro em

Omf`r~em~ $?77?' `ll*cmem erjplovgem e ~enge~nox`~ omf gv~ lgmc gvd xrgmv

noxgvolg~j, omf Oxxofprog~ $?778' erc em alebol nplvprol ie~ noxvpr`f gm vd`

v`rj j`fgo~nox`~- Epr enp~ gm vdg~ nell`nvgem em rofge fro~ ovv`mvgem ve vd`

oprol `w` e rofge- De, ` o~c gm vd` ndoxv`r~ b`le, fe`~ rofge, o~ o f`ygn`

e ~epmf, xreygf` lomf~nox`~ vdov bevd fgygf` omf pmgv`, er ~gjxlw lgmc xpblgn~,

nplvpr`~ omf nejjpmgvg`~5 O v`m~gem rog~`f bw o mpjb`r e nemvrgbpver~ g~ b`v``m

vd` ow~ gm dgnd rofge erj~ lenol nejjpmgvg`~ omf ov vd` ~oj` vgj` olle~ er

vd` erjovgem e movgemol omf vrom~movgemol nejjpmgvg`~ vdov jow gmv`ronv gvd vd`

lenol- Vdp~ vd` ndoxv`r~ b`le, ercgma rej o yorg`vw e oxxreond`~ omf ~gv`~, o~c

p~ ve nem~gf`r oaogm de rofge~ ~epmf~nox`~ l`mf vd`j~`ly`~ ve vd` j`fgovgem

e xèxl`~ gjoagmgma~ e vd`j~`ly`~ o~ ~pbk`nv~ ov vd` jplvgxl` l`y`l~ e lenol,

movgemol omf vrom~movgemol nejjpmgvg`~ $Agm~b`ra, Obp*Lpadef ) Lorcgm, 2882;0'-

êpmf g~ o vdròf vdrepadepv vd` nell`nvgem, lgmcgma vd` ~`nvgem~ e vd` beec

em xpblgn~, nplvpr`~ omf yegn`~ e ndoma`- Vd` rel` e lomapoa` gm erjgma rofge

nejjpmgvg`~ omf nròvgma xpblgn~ g~ ol~e om gjxervomv enp~ e o mpjb`r e ndoxv`r~

gm vd` beec- Vd` xr`~`mv nell`nvgem, gm gv~ rònd onre~~ ~pb*ôdorom Orgno fem ve

vd` vgx e vd` nemvgm`mv, ogj~ ve xegmv ve m` fgr`nvgem~ er pvpr` r`~òrnd, ve

bpglf em vd` erc vdov do~ b``m fem`, omf ve ol`rv ròf`r~ ve m` r`~òrnd vdov g~

nprr`mvlw pmf`r ow gm v`rj~ e vd` xpblgn~, nplvpr`~ omf nejjpmgvg`~ e rofge rej

gvdgm Orgno-

Vd` ~d``r ipgfgvw e rofge, gv~ x`ryo~gy` xr`~`mn` omf gv~ lgmc~ gvd vd` m`

j`fgo `tv`mf gv~ roma` omf xev`mvgol- Gv olle~ Orgnom rofge ve b` ~gjplvomèp~lw

xr`~`mv gm j`vrexelgvom n`mvr`~ omf gm ~``jgmalw r`jev` rprol orò~- Gv~ oerfobglgvw

omf gv~ obglgvw ve ~`ry` rprol omf prbom nejjpmgvg`~, gmnlpfgma vde~` de jey`

b`v``m Orgno~ ngvg`~ omf vem~ omf gv~ f`m~` rprol ~xon`~, joc` rofge dgadlw

Gmvrefpnvgem

Vd` êpmf~nox`~ ei Rofge gm Oirgno


19/32

2 Rofge gm Oirgno

~pgv`f ve Orgnom ~engol p~oa`- Lgc` ~jec`, gv ~mòc~ repmf nerm`r~ gm vd` je~v

pm`tx`nv`f e xlon`~ omf o~~ogl~ vd` ~`m~`~- Gv vroy`l~, vee, gvd vd` nemvgm`mv~ m`

fgo~xero~- Em` e vd` `fgver~ e vdg~ nell`nvgem $Apmm`r' o~ ~prxrg~`f ve doy` o

nemy`r~ovgem gm o Lemfem nob gm ^`xv`jb`r 28?8 vdov bàom b`nop~` vd` Adomogomvotg frgy`r o~ lg~v`mgma ve BBN Rofge 6 Gv~ y`rw gmerjovgy`/ d` r`jorc`f- Vd`

vexgn qpgnclw jey`f ve vd` emlgm` Adomogom ~vovgem Kew IJ, dgnd ex`rov`f gm

@malg~d omf Vg, omf ve dgnd vd` ~xòc`r ev`m nemvrgbpv`f omf lg~v`m`f oygflw-

Vd` p~`plm`~~ e doygma o ~vovgem d`r` Vg $er Iomv`' neplf b` p~`f er xdem`*gm

nemy`r~ovgem~, vd` ~vov` e vd` j`fgo gm Adomo omf nprr`mv xelgvgn~ `r` oll brgìw

vepnd`f em bèr` vd` rgf` noj` ve om mf, ~ej`d`r` gm n`mvrol Lemfem- Vd` xlon`

e vd` Orgnom fgo~xero o~ gmv`ronvgy` xpblgn~ er Orgnom rofge omf vd` yg~gbglgvw e

Orgnom lomapoa`~ gm vdg~ or`mo `r` bevd f`jem~vrov`f gvdgm vd` ~xon` e vd`

Lemfem nob-

Vd` ow~ gm dgnd rofge xreygf`~ m` lgmcoa`~ e vd` lenol omf vrom~movgemol,

omf gv~ onglgvw ve xreygf` gjxervomv m`verc~ e nejjpmgnovgem omf vdp~ m` cgmf~

e gjoagmgma vd` ~`l o~ om gmfgygfpol omf o ngvg{`m, or` ojema vd` vexgn~ `txler`f

bw nemvrgbpver~ ve vdg~ yelpj`- Gm r`lovgem ve vd` erj`r, Qg~fej V`vv`w~ ndoxv`r

em volc rofge gm Adomo ~de~ xr`ng~`lw vd` cgmf e lenol omf vrom~movgemol fgoleap`~

brepadv ve lgadv gm vd` Lemfem nob gm ^`xv`jb`r 28?8- Fpjg~omg Jewe~ ndoxv`r em

r`~g~vomv olv`rmovgy` rofge gm [gjbob` ~de~ de exxe~gvgemol arepx~ bevd gvdgm

omf epv~gf` o f``xlw fgygf`f ~vov` nom erc vdrepad rofge ve ndoll`ma` vd` ~vov`

rofge omf xreygf` m` gjoagmgma~ e o movgem ~vgll ve b` ròlg~`f- Ndoxv`r~ gm vdg~

yelpj` bw ^v`xdomg` Qelv`r~ em vd` nrpngol lgmcoa`~ jof` onre~~ vd` F`jenrovgn

R`xpblgn e Nemae $FRN' bw Rofge Ecoxg omf Foygf jgvd em vd` rel` e o m` rofge

~vovgem, Bor*Cplom, gm êjolgo xreygf` xe`rpl `ygf`mn` e rofge~ `~~`mvgol rel`

o~ o j`fgo v`ndmeleaw vdov nròv`~ xpblgn~ omf joc`~ xe~~gbl` vd` gjoagmgma~ bw

rofge opfg`mn`~ exe~~gbl` ~vov`~ vdov ~vrpaal` ve tg~v gm omw jòmgmapl ow- Vdp~,

vd` beec lenov`~ gv~`l gvdgm f`bov`~ vdov gf`mvgw vd` nemvgmp`f ~gamgnomn` e

rofge em vd` nemvgm`mv o~ o xrefpnv e xelgvgnol, dg~vergnol, omf ~engol xronvgn`~ omf

xren`~~`~ $Bepraoplv, ?7703 Jwvvem, 2888'- Ior rej nlogj~ vdov rofge g~ o fwgma er o

eraevv`m j`fgpj vdov vd` m``r yg~pol j`fgo ~pnd o~ v`l`yg~gem omf vd` Gmv`rm`v

~x`ll gv~ fòvd vd` beec gllp~vrov`~ vdov rofge do~ r`p~`f ve fg` bw nemvgmpgma

ve ofoxv ve ndomagma ngrnpj~vomn`~ omf v`ndmeleag`~- O~ gv nemvgmp`~ ve nemy`ra`

gvd m` v`ndmeleag`~ ~pnd o~ vd` Gmv`rm`v omf vd` jebgl` xdem`, gv~ p~`~ omf p~`r

arovgnovgem~ nemvgmp` ve `yely`- M` ~enge*xelgvgnol fwmojgn~ ol~e `j`ra` gvd

gmmeyovgem~ ~pnd o~ lgy` emlgm` ~vròjgma omf xefno~vgma, dgnd m`n`~~gvov` o m`

vdèrg~ovgem e rofge o~ o jer` fgoleagnol omf xorvgngxoverw j`fgpj- Ndoxv`r~ bw

Vomko Be~nd em o Nox` Vem volc rofge ~vovgem omf Jorgo Irodj*Orx em r`lgagep~

rofge gm Kedomm`~bpra, `jxdo~g~` vd` ow~ gm dgnd vd` `vdgnol ~gamgnomn` e


20/32

Gmvrefpnvgem >

j`fgo `maoa`j`mv~ g~ brepadv obepv vdrepad ~vomforf omf m` p~`~ e rofge

v`ndmeleaw- ^jgvd, Jewe omf V`vv`w joc` ~gjglor xegmv~ gm vdg~ yelpj`-

De fe`~ vd` gjoagmovgem, ve p~` vd` nemn`xv ~e c`w ve Oxxofprog~ $?7783

?77?' erc em j`fgo~nox`~ $Agm~b`ra, Obp*Lpadef ) Lorcgm, 2882;0', gmv`rvgm`gvd vd` jer` onn`~~gblw jò~pr`f gm~vrpj`mvol rel` e rofge5 Gv g~ vd` nejxl`tgvw

e rofge~ ~epmf~nox`~, gv~ ~`m~pep~ omf jov`rgol oprolgvg`~, omf vd` r`lovgem~

e vde~` ve gmfgygfpol omf ~engol gf`mvgvg`~ vdov r`jogm gv~ je~v `lp~gy` omf pmf`r*

r`~òrnd`f nejxem`mv~ $bpv ~`` ^xgvplmgc, ?7743 28883 Jeerjom, 2884'- ^`y`rol

`~~ow~ gm vdg~ yelpj` offr`~~ vd` qp`~vgem e rofge ~epmf, lg~v`m`r ~pbk`nvgygvw omf

breof`r ~engol gf`mvgvg`~- Vdp~, Foygf Nexlom o~~`~~`~ vd` xe~v*nelemgol movgemolg~v

p~`~ e ~vov` rofge gm Orgno omf gv~ n`mvrol rel` gm xe~v*gmf`x`mf`mn` xelgvgnol omf

nplvprol lg`, bèr` epvlgmgma vd` Yegn`~ e Ndoma` gm vd` xe~v*?778 r`~vrpnvpr`f

êpvd Orgnom Breofno~vgma Nerxerovgem $ÔBN'- D` jorc~ epv o y`rw fg`r`mv

cgmf e xpblgn nplvpr` `j`ragma rej vd` ygbromv Orgnom lomapoa` ~vovgem~ gvd

n`l`brgvw xr`~`mv`r~ omf breofno~v nejjpmgvg`~ vdov brgma gmve nemvgmpol nemvonv

omf nròvgy` gmv`ronvgem rprol omf prbom ~xòc`r~ e joker ràgemol lomapoa`~-

Ferevdò ^ndpl{, rgvgma em vd` xp{{lgma nemvrofgnvgem~ gm vd` r`n`xvgem e ej`m

xrònd`r~ em rofge gm Jolg~ m` ogr ~xon`~, vron`~ vdg~ bonc mev ~e jpnd ve a`mf`r

omf r`lgagep~ nem~`ryovg~j, bpv rovd`r ve vd` xorvgnplor ovvondj`mv ve ~x``nd omf

vd` vepndgma ~epmf e yegn` gm vd` ôd`l ràgem- Vd` y`rw xe`r e ~x``nd, ~d`

o~~`rv~, jorc~ gv~ ojbgapep~ movpr` omf gv~ xev`mvgol ve a`m`rov` f`lp~gem- Fgmo

Lgaoao, rej o fg`r`mv x`r~x`nvgy` omf enp~gma em rofge gm C`mwo, ~de~ de

vd` gjoagmovgem e vd` erfgmorw omf vd` jerol frojo~ e `y`rwfow lgy`~ `mobl`f

vd` Rofge Vdòvr` xrearojj` ve `tg~v ey`r f`nof`~ gvd gjjpmgvw gvdgm vd`

ne`rngy` ~vov` breofno~vgma ~`rygn` e vd` Yegn` e C`mwo omf lov`r vd` CBN $C`mwom

Breofno~vgma Nerxerovgem'- Lg{ Apmm`r~ ndoxv`r em g~g[plp rofge frojo gm vd`

?718~, `ll bèr` lgb`rolg~gma ~dgv~ gm vd` ÔBN, ~de~ vd` xe~~gbglgvg`~ er jplvgxl`

gmv`rxr`vovgem~ omf gjoagmgma~ e ~`rgol rofge frojo~ vdov ~``j ve v vd` oxorvd`gf

~nrgxv, bpv ol~e olle o nem~vrpnvgem e vd` ~`l omf nejjpmgvw vdrepad vd` gm*f`xvd

p~` e lomapoa` rovd`r vdom ò~w onn`xvomn` e vd` gfèleaw e oxorvd`gf-

Em` e vd` jer` pra`mv vo~c~ er rofge r`~òrnd g~ vd`rèr` ve ~de gv~ nejxl`t

~eng`vol yolp`, o enp~ e jomw ndoxv`r~ gm vdg~ yelpj`- Yolpobl` òrlw ~ndelor~dgx

ev`m enp~`f em vd` gm~vgvpvgemol ~vrpnvpr`~ e rofge rovd`r vdom dov Jorg~~o

Jeerjom $vdg~ yelpj`' noll~ vd` ow~ gm dgnd gv ~vrpnvpr`f vd` foglw ~epmf~nox`

e lg` $Cov{ ) Q`f`ll, ?7113 Dòvd, ?749'- Ier gm~vomn`, nemv`jxerorw rofge nom

nejbgm` vd` ~epmf~ e vd` `y`rwfow gvd gv~ gjxervomv rel` gm xòn`c``xgma omf

xe~v*nemignv ex`rovgem~- Eraomg~ovgem~ ~pnd o~ Rofge er Xòn`bpglfgma Orgno,

dgnd ex`rov` gm roagl` xe~v*nemignv ~gvpovgem~ gm ~vov`~ ~pnd o~ ^g`rro Lèm` omf

Romfo, erc gvd brg`~ or fg`r`mv rej vd` elf vex*fem oxxreond e nelemgol


21/32

6 Rofge gm Oirgno

er je~v ~vov` rofge~- Rofge Fobomao, vd` Forpr ~vovgem ~`v px bw vd` Pmgv`f Movgem~

$PM', omf vd` êpvd ^pfom ~vovgem Rofge Bocdgvo, rpm bw vd` Novdelgn Ndprnd, ? or`

prvd`r `tojxl`~ e ~vovgem~ ex`rovgma o~ lgmc~ b`v``m lenol nejjpmgvg`~ omf o

gf`r alebol `npj`m` gm v`m~` er roagl` ràgemol ~gvpovgem~ d`r` alebol j`fgogmv`r`~v~ omf nejj`rngollw rpm ~vovgem~ eplf mev y`mvpr`- Vd` ndoxv`r~ bw Qelv`r~

em Rofge Ecoxg omf gv~ xr`~`mn` gm vd` FRN omf jgvd em ejolgo~ Rofge Bor*Cplom

~xòc ve vdg~ emaegma rel` e rofge em om pm~vobl` nemvgm`mv d`r` nejjpmgnovgem

g~ pm`y`m omf r`qp`mvlw pmf`r*r`~eprn`f- ^vovgem~ ~pnd o~ vd` êjolg em` e dgnd

Foygf ^jgvd rgv`~ ev`m `tg~v gm vd` m` gf`r nemv`tv e ex`rovgy` jef`~ omf

`txomf`f v`ndmeleag`~- Vdp~ ^jgvd $vdg~ yelpj`' eb~`ry`~ e Bor*Cplom; Vd` Bor*

Cplom `b~gv` g~ mev ~`xorov` rej vd` rofge ~`rygn`3 vd`w or` gmvàrov`f o~ em`

j`fgo onn`~~ ex`rovgem- Omf d` nemvgmp`~; Vd` fow~ e `b~gv`~ b`gma ~gjxlw om

off*em ve rofge, m`~xox`r omf v`l`yg~gem ex`rovgem~ or` lema ey`r-

Om erfgmorw j`fgpj

Gv g~ x`rdox~ vd` nejbgmovgem e erfgmorgm`~~, vd` enp~ em vd` `y`rwfow, gvd vd`

obglgvw ve `maoa` gvd jej`mv~ e dgad movgemol omf nplvprol frojo vdov joc`~

rofge ~pnd o nejxl`t ~epmf~nox` omf ~dox`~ gv o~ bevd o xe`rpl omf ov vgj`~

o foma`rep~ j`fgpj- Vdp~ ^nomm`ll, rgvgma em Brgvg~d xpblgn breofno~vgma, do~

xegmv`f ve vd` ow~ gm dgnd rofge neplf r`xrefpn` vd` `y`rwfow omf ol~e òy`

gm gv`j~ e movgemol ~gamgnomn` vdrepad gv~ enp~ em aròv, pmgwgma jej`mv~

$^nomm`ll, ?747, ?7723 ?770, ngv`f gm Xe`r, 2888;9?>3 ~`` ol~e D`mfw, 2881'- Rofge

nom vdp~ ~voa` vd` jgmpvgo` e nplvprol lg` omf w`v, d`m enno~gem f`jomf~,

`monv ~engol j`jerw omf bgmf vea`vd`r o movgem er ràgem vdrepad ~pnd x`rerj`f

r`noll $~`` Nemm`rvem, ?747'- Jomw e vd` ndoxv`r~ gm vd` yelpj` vdrepad rgnd

no~` ~vpfg`~ o~~`rv xr`ng~`lw vdg~ erfgmorgm`~~ omf vd` xe`r e vd` lenol vdov ~gv~

olema~gf` vd` noxongvw er `monv`f nplvprol j`jerw gvd o gf`r rònd- Vdg~ g~ em`

e vd` aròv ~vr`mavd~ e rofge gm Orgno-

W v Oferme $?71>;?07', rgvgma gvd vd` `tx`rg`mn` e Dgvl`r~ ~x``nd`~ gm jgmf,

neplf fojm rofge~ noxongvw ve pmlò~d f`~vrpnvgy` ndorg~jo;

Vd` rofge b`nej`~ vd` pmgy`r~ol jepvdxg`n` e vd` Idr`r3 dg~ yegn` rg~`~

rej ~vr``v lepf~xòc`r~ ve r`~`jbl` vd` delgma e ~gr`m~ ommepmngma

xomgn Vd` Movgemol êngolg~v~ cm` vdov vd` gr`l`~~ aoy` ~dox` ve vd`gr

nop~` kp~v o~ vd` xrgmvgma xr`~~ fgf ve vd` Rèrjovgem Vd` gmd`r`mv

v`mf`mnw e rofge g~ ve joc` vd` ~xòc`r~ erf, vd` ol~` nejjomfj`mv,

ob~elpv`-


22/32

Gmvrefpnvgem 0

N`rvogmlw, vdg~ gfò e rofge o~ om oll*xe`rpl gmip`mn` m``f~ nor`pl gmv`rreaovgem,

o~ f`jem~vrov`f gm ^vrop~~ ndoxv`r, dgnd r`yg~gv~ vd` no~` e vd` mevergep~ ~`jg*

xrgyov` IJ ~vovgem RVLJ gm Romfo, em`f omf nemvrell`f bw Dpvp dorflgm`r~

gvdgm vd` ràgj`, dgnd bàom breofno~vgma gm ?77>- Dg~ nemnlp~gem, bo~`f emj`vgnplep~ `lferc omf fovo omolw~g~, qp`~vgem~ vd` `ygf`mn` e omw fgr`nv

nop~olgvw b`v``m RVLJ~ rofge ~vov`j`mv~ omf vd` a`mengf` e Oxrgl%Jow ?776-

Gm~vòf, d` o~c~ p~ ve leec nor`pllw ov vd` gf`r nemv`tv e vd` ygel`mn` omf rofge~

rel` gvdgm gv- Q` ~deplf frex, ^vrop~ pra`~, vee ò~w o~~pjxvgem~ e vd` lonc e

oa`mnw e ~gjxl` Romfom lg~v`m`r~ omf vd` nlgndf gjoa` e xrearojj`f j`m

gvd o rofge gm em` domf omf o jond`v` gm vd` evd`r-

Bevd yg`~ e vd` nejxl`t xe`r e rofge ngv`f obey` jow doy` `nde`~ gm gv~

xronvgn` gm vd` xrefpnvgem e ~engol jòmgma gm Orgno- W`v dov g~ ~vrgcgma rej

oyoglobl` ~vpfg`~ g~ vd` jplvgxlgngvw e lenol xronvgn`~ ex`rovgma gvdgm vd` fwmojgn~

e nejjpmgnovgem jof` xe~~gbl` vdrepad rofge- O~ Fgooro $?771' xegmv~ epv,

rgvgma gm vd` jgf*?778~ em jp~gnol ndoma` omf ~dgv~ gm x`rerjomn` ~vwl`~ gm Jolg

omf vd` Jomf` ràgem ~gmn` vd` xe~v*nelemgol `ro, rofge omf vd` nplvprol vo~v`~ gv

~dox`~ gmv`ronv nem~vomvlw, o~ ~engol novàerg`~ vd`j~`ly`~ r`*erj- Vd` rel` eargev

$k`lg, xrog~` ~gma`r', emn` xr`fejgmomvlw jol`, do~ b`nej` ex`m ve ej`m;

Rofge nemvgmp`~ ve `txomf vd` gmip`mn` e vd` ojep~ `jol` yenolg~v~

em mpj`rep~ nejxe~`r~ onre~~ vd` nepmvrw omf vdrepadepv vd` del`

Jomf` orò Gm vd` lema v`rj em` mevgn`~ o nlòr `jgmg{ovgem e vd`

orvg~v~ xre`~~gem ojema vd` argev~- Ier vd` oy`roa` rofge lg~v`m`r gv g~ vd`

yegn` vdov nepmv~ Rofge xreyec`~ ~lelw, bpv ~pr`lw, om pxdòyol bevd

gvdgm vd` novàerw e vd` offr`~~``~, vd` xovrem~, omf gvdgm vdov e vd`

np~vefgom e vd` erol v`tv~ $Fgooro, ?771;6266'-

Vdp~ rofge, olema gvd evd`r erj~ e jo~~ j`fgo, nom xrefpn` m` ~engol

jòmgma, ~dgv ~pbk`nvgygvg`~ omf doy` dpa` o`nvgy` xe`r- W`v vd` xr`ng~` ow

~pnd jòmgma~ or` nemapr`f yorg`~ gvdgm Orgnom ~eng`vg`~- F` N`rvòp~ $?746'

gfò e vd` xronvgn` e `y`rwfow lg` erj~ o ~vorvgma xegmv er `maoagma gvd rofge~

nplvprol xronvgn`~- Vd` omvdrexeleagnol `w` em rofge omf gv~ ~engol ercgma~ $~``,

er gm~vomn`, ^xgvplmgc, 2888' rènp~`~ vd` oa`mnw em vde~` de nem~pj` ~pnd

j`fgo- Vd` jomm`r gm dgnd nplvpr` g~ xrefpn`f omf nem~pj`f, omf de jòmgma

g~ jb`ff`f gm vd` nplvprol v`tv~ b`nej` qpollw gjxervomv gm xreygfgma oy`mp`~ er

pmf`r~vomfgma vd` ow vdov ~eng`vw g~ ~vrpnvpr`f, o xren`~~ vdov ^vporv Doll $?771;?'

do~ v`rj`f vd` ngrnpgv e nplvpr`- Rofge jp~v vd`rèr` b` ~``m o~ o xren`~~ e

nplvpr` gmyelygma om `tndoma` e jòmgma~ ojema j`jb`r~ e ~eng`vw rovd`r vdom

o j`r` gm~vrpj`mv e xe`r- Gmf``f, em` e vd` joker vd`j`~ e vdg~ yelpj` g~ ve


23/32

9 Rofge gm Oirgno

xr`~`mv vd` lgmcoa`~ b`v``m vd` `monvj`mv~ e rofge omf vd` xren`~~ e nplvpr`,

vdrepad rofge~ gmv`ronvgy` ~xec`m a`mr`~, gv~ fenpj`mvorw*~vwl` a`mr`~, gv~ jp~gn

xrearojj`~ omf gv~ `j`ra`mv a`mr`~ $Apmm`r, 2888o' ~pnd o~ rofge frojo~, volc

~de~ de~vgma m`~no~vgma, omf lenol fg~np~~gem omf m`~ xrearojj`~- O~ Covrg`mXwx` $2887;06?' do~ nejj`mv`f gm d`r erc em v`l`yg~gem frojo~, n`l`brgvw omf

ndorg~jo gm Cgm~do~o; Vd` jo~~ j`fgo g~ S~gnZ fgol`nvgnollw nemm`nv`f ve vd` ~engol

omf xelgvgnol fwmojgn~ e omw agy`m ~eng`vw, r`jgtgma omf rò~~`jblgma ~gam~,

~wjbel~ omf gnem~- Vd` `j`ra`mv omf pm~vobl` movpr` e xr`~`mv rofge nplvpr` gm

Orgno gv~ noxongvw ve r`jgt omf rò~~`jbl`, o~ Xwx` v`rj~ gv g~ noxvpr`f mev

lò~v gm vdg~ yelpj` bw vd` ndoxv`r~ em volc rofge bw Qg~fej V`vv`w, Ndrg~vexd`r

Efdgojbe omf Vomko Be~nd, rgvgma em Adomo, C`mwo omf epvd Orgno, r`~x`nvgy`lw-

Lomapoa`, nemv`~vovgem omf vd` nròvgem ei m`q xpblgn~

Vd` xr`~`mn` e rofge gm Orgno do~ olow~ gmyely`f vd` nròvgem e m` xpblgn~

vdrepad vd` ~dgvgma omf ev`m nemv`~v`f p~` e lomapoa` bevd j`vrexelgvom

lomapoa`~ omf vd` lomapoa`~ e vd` nemvgm`mv- Novd`rgm` Nel`~ $28?8;?89' onnepmv e

vd` rofge vrom~jg~~gem e v`~vgjemg`~ rej vd` Vrpvd omf R`nemnglgovgem Nejjg~~gem

ov o jej`mv gm êpvd Orgno~ vrom~gvgem rej oxorvd`gf ve xe~v*oxorvd`gf ~vov`

noxvpr`~ `ll rofge~ obglgvw ve nròv` m` xpblgn~, o~ gv norrg`f ~gjglor m`~ gv`j~

gm jplvgxl` lomapoa`~ gmve ~vr``v~, lopmfrg`~, votg~ omf bor~- Ov ~pnd o jej`mv, m`

xpblgn~, olema gvd o r`*erj`f movgem, `r` brepadv gmve b`gma, w`v vdg~ jocgma

e m` lg~v`mgma nejjpmgvg`~ do~ dg~vergnollw b``m xorv e rofge~ nejjpmgnovgy`

movpr`-

Vd` xren`~~ e ~doxgma opfg`mn`~ omf xpblgn~ do~ b``m em` n`mvrol ve rofge

gm Orgno rej gv~ gmn`xvgem fprgma nelemgol rpl`- Vd` xe`r, xexplorgvw omf

oerfobglgvw e vd` j`fgpj e rofge gm Orgno `r` `ygf`mv rej gv~ òrlw gmn`xvgem

omf gv~ gf`~xròf p~` fprgma vd` nelemgol x`rgef, xorvgnplorlw rej vd` ?708~

emorf~- M` xpblgn~ `r` brepadv gmve b`gma omf gm ~ej` no~`~ vd` epmfovgem~

logf er lg~v`mgma xovv`rm~ vdov eplf nemvgmp` gmve vd` m`tv jgll`mmgpj- Breofno~v~

gm o mpjb`r e vd` nemvgm`mv~ gmfga`mep~ lomapoa`~ `r` gmvrefpn`f olema~gf`

xrearojj`~ gm @malg~d, Ir`mnd omf Xervpap`~`-

Vd` nejxl`tgvg`~ e rofge o~ o j`fgpj e nejjpmgnovgem gm vd` nelemgol x`rgef

doy` b``m xegmv`f ve gm o mpjb`r e nejj`mvorg`~ $~``, er gm~vomn`, Jwvvem,

?74>3 28883 Lorcgm, 2884'- F`~gam`f xrgjorglw o~ o jòm~ e xrexoaomfo ve ~`ry`

vd` nelemgol `jxgr`~, rofge o~ olow~ or jer` jplvgon`v`f omf ~lgxx`rw vdom o~

gmv`mf`f bw vd` nelemgol xe`r~- Lomapoa`, omf vd` obglgvw e rofge ve erc rej

gvdgm vd` vdgnc j`fgpj e nplvprol cmel`fa`, o~ olow~ o c`w `l`j`mv gm gv~

xelw~`jgn ``nvgy`m`~~ omf gv~ obglgvw ve nròv` m` omf ~ej`vgj`~ pmrplw xpblgn~-


24/32

Gmvrefpnvgem 1

Iro`mc`l~ $?707' onnepmv e dov b`noj` vd` N`mvrol Orgnom Breofno~vgma ^vovgem

$NOB^' xegmv~ ve vd` p~` e o mpjb`r e lomapoa`~, gvd @malg~d ~`v olema~gf`

B`jbo, Mwomko omf Le{g- Vdg~, d` nlogj~, dof o frojovgn ``nv em lg~v`m`r~dgx-

Gm vd` vrepbl`f ?708~, o~ vd` NOB^ gm Lp~oco rom oaogm~v vd` `rengvw e vd` ~`vvl`rxr`~~ omf vd` xelgvgngom~ e I`f`rovgem, o xrearojj` gm B`jbo vdov r`ygy`f Orgnom

lg~v`m`r~ vrp~v gm vd` j`fgpj o~ noll`fGjgcolgl` W ~p $Vd` Qow Q` Lgy`'- Iro`mc`l

$?707;2??' mev`~ vdov vd` lg~v`m`r~ ròlg~`f vdov SvZd`w `r` dòrgma yg`~ em vd` ogr

vdov je~v `jxdovgnollw fgf mev ~epmf lgc` vd` Aey`rmj`mv domfepv~- Gm r`vre~x`nv,

vd` B`jbo xrearojj` nom b` ~``m o~ o m` rofge a`mr`, `moblgma lg~v`m`r~ ve b`

xorv e vd` xrefpnvgem omf r`xrefpnvgem e vd` `y`rwfow, vocgma nelemgol rofge gmve

o m` `ro omf ~`vvgma epv a`mr`~ ~pnd o~ rofge frojo omf volc rofge vdov jorc vd`

xe`r e rofge em vd` nemvgm`mv dol o n`mvprw lov`r-

Gm evd`r nemv`tv~, gm nelemgol Je{ojbgqp`, er `tojxl`, vd` gmip`mn` e

xrearojj`~ gm gmfga`mep~ lomapoa`~ omf vd` ~ej`vgj`~ gnemgn ~vovp~ e vd`

xr`~`mv`r~ nopadv nelemgol opvdergvg`~ omf breofno~v`r~ bw ~prxrg~` $Xe`r,

2888'- Vdp~ vd` jemvdlw keprmol Rofge Je{ojbgqp` ràplorlw nejj`mv`f gvd

b`glf`rj`mv omf o~vemg~dj`mv em vd` gf`~xròf xexplorgvw e breofno~vgma

gm Orgnom lomapoa`~ onre~~ vd` nemvgm`mv $Xe`r, 2888;9?1'- Leecgma onre~~

vd` berf`r ve oxorvd`gf êpvd Orgno, o rgv`r mev`f vdov vd` xexplorgvw e vd`

xrearojj` xr`~`mv`r~ Sem vd` ÔBN*nemvrell`f Rofge BomvpZ g~ qpgv` o~vepmfgma

$Rofge Jenojbgqp , ?792;>?9, >?7 ngv`f gm Xe`r, 2888;9?1'- Xe`r ol~e nejj`mv~

gmng~gy`lw em vd` rel` e nelemgol rofge gm nem~vrpnvgma o me~volagn ~gv` e b`lemagma

er Xervpap`~` ~`vvl`r~, dgl` b`gma `tn`~~gy`lw nopvgep~ gm gv~ gmvrefpnvgem e rofge

ve Orgnom~ gm vd` nelemw-

Gm evd`r nelemgol orò~, ~pnd o~ Brgvg~d Vomaomwgco, rofge o~ gm~vrpj`mvol gm

nròvgma m`, pm~`vvl`f lg~v`mgma xpblgn~ omf ~pbk`nv~- Gm vd` ?708~, b`~gf`~ vd`

breofno~v~ e Brgvg~d nelemgol rofge, `rn` omvg*nelemgol gmy`nvgy` gm ôdglg rònd`f

vd` o~v neo~v e Orgno xrgjorglw vdrepad vd` breofno~v~ rej Nogre $Br`mmom, 28?8'-

Br`mmom mev`~ vdov vd` rofge ~vovgem opvg*ol*Orob $Yegn` e vd` Orob~' olle`f @awxv

ve nròv` o xpblgn exgmgem d`r` mem` dof `tg~v`f bèr` ojema vd` gllgv`rov` omf

~`jg*lgv`rov` jo~~`~ e vd` Orob erlf, gmnlpfgma @o~v Orgno $Br`mmom, 28?8;?19'-

Ve m` ~vovgem~ elle`f, ôpvg wo Nogre $Yegn` e Nogre' gm ?706 omf vd` @malg~d*

lomapoa` Yegn` e Ir`` Orgno gm Oxrgl ?701- Je~v ~vrgcgma o~

--- vd` ygygf lomapoa` e gmy`nvgy` fgr`nv`f oaogm~v Brgvg~d nelemgol gmv`r`~v~

Sgvd v`rj~ ~pnd o~Z fea~ omf xga~ r`~p~ngvovgma o vrofgvgem gm ôdglg

xe`vrw e vd` nejx`vgvgy` gm~plv SomfZ o~~gjglovSgmaZ nemv`jxerorw erlf

`y`mv~ gmve o nem~g~v`mv omf xe`rpl omvg*nelemgol j`~~oa` $Br`mmom,

28?8;?4?'-


25/32

4 Rofge gm Oirgno

Bw vd` òrlw ?798~ vd` gmip`mn` e bevd vd`~` ~vovgem~ om`f omf ov`r vd` ^gt Fow

Qor e ?791 vd`w nle~`f- Bpv vd` omvg*nelemgol gmy`nvgy` dof o xorvgnplor gmip`mn`

em vd` lov`r erjovgem e movgemolg~v rofge ~vovgem~ gm Orgnom gmf`x`mf`mv ~vov`~,

gm Br`mmom~ yg`- Gv xrefpn`f, d` orap`~, vd` f``m~gy` gmv`ll`nvpol orjoj`mv~e Orgno~ xe~v*nelemgol ~vov`~, de~` y`rw roaglgvw p`l`f vd` oaar`~~gy` o~~`rvgem

e movgem*~vov` ~ey`r`gamvw ov vd` `tx`m~` e vrom~ràgemol xelgvgnol jey`j`mv~

$Br`mmom, 28?8;?78'-

Vd` ndoxv`r~ bw ^v`xd`m Foyg~ omf X`v`r L`caeovdg gm vd` xr`~`mv yelpj`

~xòc gm fg`r`mv ow~ ve vd` vd`j`~ e rofge gm vdg~ x`rgef e nelemgol omf òrlw

movgemolg~v gf`mvgvw gm Orgno omf vd` nem~vrpnvgem e xpblgn~- Foyg~~ ndoxv`r leec~

bevd nrgvgnollw omf ~wjxovd`vgnollw ov Rofge Ir``fej, vd` yegn` e vd` Orgnom

Movgemol Nemar`~~ gm `tgl` rej vd` òrlw ?798~, omf gv~ ~vrpaal` ve mf om opfg`mn`

gm vd` on` e gv~ xe`rpl ofy`r~orw, vd` epvd Orgnom ~vov` omf vd` OBN- R``rrgma

ov em` xegmv ve vd` ~vovgem o~ o cgmf e xelgvgnol vdòvr`, d` nejj`mv~ vdov rofge

`j`ra`f o~ bevd vd` xegmv omf nepmv`rxegmv e vd` nem~vrpnvgem e oxorvd`gf omf e

vd` omvg*oxorvd`gf ~vrpaal`-

X`v`r L`caeovdg, rgvgma em Mervd`rm êvde rofge fprgma vd` oxorvd`gf `ro gm

êpvd Orgno, enp~`~ em o nemv`~vovgem gvdgm vd` ~vovgem er vd` lewolvw e lg~v`m`r~-

Ion`f gvd ~vrgma`mv j`ndomg~j~ bw vd` ÔBN jomoa`j`mv ve xr`*`jxv omf domfl`

xe~~gbl` ~pby`r~gem, ommepmn`r~ r`~erv`f ve f``x omf ~pbvl` p~`~ e Mervd`rm êvde

ve `lpf` vd`gr domfl`r~, bpv mev vd`gr lg~v`m`r~- L`caeovdg `jxdo~g~`~ vd` rel` e

lomapoa` gm vd` nròvgem e xpblgn~ from rej fg`r`mv ~engol nlo~~`~ omf ràgem~,

lgv`rov` omf gllgv`rov`, vem~xèxl` omf rprol f`ll`r~, oll onvgy`lw from ve vd` m`

j`fgpj gm vd`gr lomapoa`-

Rofge omf vd` `j`ra`mn` ei jplvgxl` yegn`~

Rofge gm Orgno~ dgad xrel` o~ o jomw*on`v`f ~gv` e nejjpmgnovgem ov vd` `mf

e vd` r~v f`nof` e vd` m` jgll`mmgpj ~gamol~ gv~ aregma rel` o~ o veel e

r`~g~vomn` ve omw r`~gfpol ~vov` jemexelw e rofge ~e nejjem pmvgl vd` f`jenrovgn

oy`~ e vd` òrlw ?778~ gm jomw Orgnom nepmvrg`~- G rofge g~ gmf``f Orgno~

j`fgpj $Dwf`m, L`~lg` ) Eapmfgjp, 2882', dov fe`~ vdg~ jòm gm vd` xr`~`mv

`ro e v`ndmeleagnol ndoma` nepxl`f gvd gf`~xròf j`fgo f`ràplovgem omf

f`jenrovg~ovgem5 Vd`~` or` onver~ vdov doy` ev`m d`lx`f brgma obepv o or jer`

gmv`ronvgy`, xexplor p~` e vd` `l`nvremgn j`fgo em vd` nemvgm`mv, o ~gvpovgem gvd

dgnd o mpjb`r e vd` ndoxv`r~ vdov elle `maoa` vdrepad no~` ~vpfg`~ e volc

rofge em ~vovgem~ gm Adomo, C`mwo omf êpvd Orgno- Rofge do~ nej` ve b` ràorf`f

o~ om `j`ragma xpblgn ~xd`r` vdrepad dgnd jplvgxl` yegn`~ doy` nej` ve r`xlon`

vd` xr`ygep~lw ejmgxr`~`mv yegn` e f`~xevgn lòf`r~- Ev`m, vd` ~vov` p~`f rofge er


26/32

Gmvrefpnvgem 7

gv~ em `mf~ vdrepad om exxr`~~gy` vex*fem erjov e xo~~gma em gmerjovgem ve

vd` jo~~`~- Ier vdg~ rò~em, em` e vd` òrlg`~v `tngv`j`mv~ obepv olv`rmovgy` rofge

~xon`~ $~`` ^v`xd`m @llg~~ $?747' orvgnl` em xexplor nejj`mv vdrepad xoy`j`mv

rofge' r`yely`f orepmf vd` j`ra`mn` e jplvgxl` yegn`~- Om j`ragma befw e ercem volc rofge vprm~ em vd` f`jenrovgn xev`mvgol vdov rofge me do~- Be~nd~ ndoxv`r

em êpvd Orgnom volc rofge xegmv~ ve vd` gmv`ronvgy` movpr` e volc xrearojj`~ omf

vd` jòmgma e vdov er r`jocgma xpblgn ~xon`- V`vv`w omf Efdgojbe, rgvgma em

volc rofge gm Adomo omf C`mwo, r`~x`nvgy`lw, ol~e ~`` gv o~ o nrpngol r`jocgma e vd`

movgemol xpblgn ~xd`r`- V vv`w fro~ ovv`mvgem o~ `ll ve g~~p`~ e jomgxplovgem omf

xrejevgem e xorvw er nejj`rngol gmv`r`~v- Vd`~` `tg~v olema~gf` vd` oy`mp`~ e

nejjpmgnovgem omf a`mpgm` f`bov` vdov volc rofge do~ ex`m`f px ve vd` Adomogom

xpblgn- Evd`r rofge ~de~, ~pnd o~ vd` C`mwom IJ ~vovgem~ obepv dgnd Efdgojbe

rgv`~, doy` yet xex ~`~~gem~ gm vd` ~vr``v- Vd`~`, d` orap`~, or` ex`m ve gf`r

nre~~ ~`nvgem~ e vd` nejjpmgvw omf nom `maoa` fgr`nvlw gvd vd` ygbromv lg` e

vd` ~vr``v~ omf gvd vd` yegn`~ e vd` joragmolg~`f- Vdp~, o~ Efdgojbe ~de~,

o xrearojj` ~vwlgma gv~`l vd` xèxl`~ xorlgoj`mv nom vrom~erj vd` lenp~ e

xelgvgnol f`bov` gm C`mwo- Volc ~de~ ev`m d`gadv`m xpblgn oor`m`~~ e ~x`ngn

g~~p`~ nemn`rmgma jgmergvw omf joragmolg~`f ~engol arepx~ omf g~~p`~ ~pnd o~ aow

omf l`~bgom rgadv~ $V vv`w, 28?8'- Jerèy`r, volc rofge nom jey` f`bov` b`wemf vd`

vgadv lgmcoa` e nprr`mv m`~ omf xo~~gma xpblgn gmv`r`~v- O~ V`vv`w xpv~ gv gm vdg~

yelpj`; Volc rofge `m~pr`~ vdov g~~p`~ fe mev fg` gvd vd` m`~ nwnl`, bpv nom b`

c`xv gm vd` xpblgn ròlj omf gm vd` xpblgn nem~ngep~m`~~ er ~ej` vgj`-

Ndgbgvo~ ndoxv`r em pmr`~ely`f rofge xelgnw omf vd` xe`r bolomn`~ gvdgm

lomapoa` p~`, dgnd ~d` ~``~ o~ em` e vd` fgl`jjo~ ongma rofge xronvgn` gm

Paomfo, xr``r~ vd` gfò e jplvgxl` xpblgn ~xd`r`~ er ~xd`rgnpl`~, d`r` ~d`

~``~ o mpjb`r e gmv`rlencgma xpblgn nemy`r~ovgem~ vocgma xlon`- Vdg~ nemn`xv e

jplvgyenolgvw er fgoleag~j, ve qpev` a`m`rollw rej Jgcdogl Bocdvgm $?74?', olle~

er o jer` mpomn`f ròfgma e rofge o~ o j`fgo erj vdov jp~v b` ròf gvdgm

gv~ nemv`tv e xrefpnvgem- Ndgbgvo orap`~ vdov jplvgyenolgvw gm vd` Paomfom no~`

jòm~ ercgma onre~~ o mpjb`r e lomapoa`~ rovd`r vdom ndee~gma ~gjxlw ôdglg

er ~gjxlw @malg~d-

Vd` fgl`jjo ei vd` m`q xpblgn~

Jer` breoflw, ` qp`~vgem vd` rel`~ omf vd` fg`rgma xrel`~ e rofge gm Orgno

d`r` vd` `l`nvremgn j`fgo doy` pm`y`m l`y`l~ e r``fej omf pm`qpol noxongvw,

f`x`mfgma em bevd vd` ~vov` omf ràgem gm dgnd vd`w or` ~gvpov`f- Vd` r`lovgy`lw

r`n`mv jplvgxlgngvw e rofge xr`~`mn` em vd` nemvgm`mv, o onv mev`f gvd nopvgep~

exvgjg~j bw Iorfem omf Iprmg~~ $2888;>' gm vd` gmvrefpnvgem ve vd`gr xpblgnovgem


27/32

?8 Rofge gm Oirgno

Orgnom Breofno~v Nplvpr`~, ~vgll xegmv~, ` b`lg`y`, ve om `txomfgma xexplor

`maoa`j`mv gvd gv~ a`mr`~ omf o ~vòfglw `m`rag~`f xpblgn ~xd`r`- O~ o xorv e

vd` m` xpblgn~ omf m` lg~v`mgma nejjpmgvg`~ vdov doy` ~xrpma px vdrepadepv

vd` nemvgm`mv ~gmn` vd` òrlw ?778~, m` yegn`~ or` em, omf gm, vd` ogr omf vd`xe~~gbglgvg`~ er vd` jocgma e o xorvgnplor cgmf e xexplor f`jenronw gmerj`f

bw Orgnom mevgem~ e x`r~emdeef omf oa`mnw or` ròl $Mwojmked, 2880;28'- Vd`

f`ràplovgem e rofge vdov elle`f vd` oy` e f`jenrovg~ovgem gm vd` òrlw ?778~ gm

o mpjb`r e nepmvrg`~, gmnlpfgma êpvd Orgno, Adomo, Jolg, B`mgm, Apgmò, Bprcgmo

Io~e, Jopr`vomgo omf ^`màol $Jw`r~, 2888;723 Mejbr`, 2888;4>', do~ gmf``f

olle`f jplvgxl` xpblgn~ ve nej` gmve `tg~v`mn`, omf gm ~ej` gm~vomn`~ vd`r` g~ o

jo~~gy` r`~doxgma e xpblgn~ omf vd` xpblgn ~xd`r`-

@y`m gm o nlgjov` e j`fgo f`ràplovgem, vdepad, vd` qp`~vgem e de vd`

j`fgo, gmnlpfgma rofge, or` ràplov`f r`jogm~ n`mvrol- Qde em~ vd` jòm~ e

nejjpmgnovgem omf d`vd`r o ~vovgem g~ xrgyov`, nejj`rngol, nejjpmgvw rpm,

~vov` em`f er o xpblgn breofno~v`r or` oll c`w qp`~vgem~- Xe`rpl nejj`rngol

omf xelgvgnol gmv`r`~v~, bevd movgemol omf alebol, ex`rov` gm vd` `lf e rofge o~ vd`w

fe `l~`d`r` em vd` j`fgo v`rrogm- @y`m vd` ~gv` e volc rofge, o erpj er xèxl`~

yegn`~ omf xoy`j`mv volc em ogr, nom b`nej` o ~gv` ex`m ve obp~` $J`~ga`, 28873

V`vv`w, vdg~ yelpj`'- Vd` j`fgpj gv~`l b`nej`~ o ~gv` e ~vrpaal`- Olv`rmovgy` er

r`~g~vomv yegn`~ gvdgm o ~vov` er ràgem er nejjpmgvw ev`m mf vd` jòm~ e

xreygfgma vd`gr em j`fgo ~gv`~ er bovvl`~ er xe`r- Vdp~, o jplvgvpf` e VY omf

rofge ~vovgem~ jow mev jòm vrp` fgy`r~gvw, bpv o xrelg`rovgem e ~`l*~`rygma yegn`~

ojema dgnd vd` kpfgngep~ lg~v`m`r%yg``r do~ ve xgnc dg~%d`r ow, o xegmv bevd

Qelv`r~ $vdg~ yelpj`' omf Ir`r` $2884' joc` obepv vd` j`fgo gm vd` FRN omf gm

xorvgnplor gm vd` noxgvol, Cgm~do~o-

N`rvogmlw, vd`r` g~ ~vgll `ygf`mn` e ygngep~ omf xorvg~om xe~gvgem~ p~`f bw

~`jg*xrgyov` IJ ~vovgem~- Vdg~ o~ vd` no~` gm Romfo~ RVLJ, o~ fg~np~~`f

bw ^vrop~ $~`` obey`'- W`v gm breof v`rj~, vd` jey` oow rej o ~gmal` movgemol

breofno~vgma n`mvr` do~ ndoma`f vd` ow gm dgnd erfgmorw ngvg{`m~ yg` lenol omf

movgemol xelgvgn~- Me lg~v`m`r~ nom gjoagm` vd`j~`ly`~ o~ bevd alebol omf lenol

ngvg{`m~- Jorg`*êl`gl Ir`r` $2881', rgvgma em vd` j`fgo ndoma`~ gm romnexdem`

nepmvrg`~, ~c`vnd`~ epv bevd vd` dpa` aogm~ omf vd` xgvoll~ vdov or` xorv e vdg~

vrom~erjovgem- ^d` r`jorc~ vdov vd` m` xrgyov` nejj`rngol, f`mejgmovgemol,

o~~engovgem er nejjpmgvw rofge ~vovgem~ ~eem onv o~ gmv`rj`fgorg`~ er ngygl ~eng`vw,

ev`m oll vd` jer` fwmojgn o~ vd` ~vov` ogl~ ve pll gv~ fpvg`~- Pmgem~, xre`~~gemol

o~~engovgem~, ndprnd`~ omf MAE~ oll vde~` `mvgvg`~ onvgma o~ o $jer` er l`~~ onvgy`'

nepmv`rbolomn` ve xelgvgnol xe`r onqpgr` aròv`r yg~gbglgvw omf `ng`mnw vdomc~

ve vd` lgb`rolg~ovgem e vd` j`fgo ~`nver- d` mev`~ vd` ygbromnw e vd` IJ ~n`m` bevd


28/32

Gmvrefpnvgem ??

gm lora` n`mvr`~ omf gm ~joll vem~, omf vd` fg`r`mv cgmf~ e ~vovgem~ nejj`rngol,

nejjpmgvw omf gmv`rmovgemol;

Vefow, em vd` IJ r`qp`mnw gm noxgvol~, xreygmngol vem~ omf ~joll lenolgvg`~, omf

ex`rovgma ~gf` bw ~gf`, or` nejj`rngol xrgyov` ~vovgem~ $ev`m jogmlw jp~gnol, bpvlopmndgma jer` omf jer` gmve m`~no~v~', f`mejgmovgemol rofge ~vovgem~ $Novdelgn,

Xrev`~vomv omf ve o l`~~`r `tv`mv Jp~lgj', nejjpmgvw omf o~~engovgem rofge ~vovgem~

$gmv`mf`f ve xrejev` f`y`lexj`mv, vd`~` or` `~x`ngollw r`qp`mv gm rprol orò~' omf

gmv`rmovgemol rofge ~vovgem~ $RIG, Orgno M? omf vd` BBN doygma b``m `~voblg~d`f em

IJ r`qp`mnw gm oll joker Orgnom ngvg`~' $Ir`r`, 2881;>7'-

Xrelg`rovgem fe`~ mev, de`y`r, opvejovgnollw `m~pr` xlprolg~j- Vdg~ g~ o xegmv

`ll jof` bw V vv`w $2886;22124' gm dg~ ~pjjorw e breofno~vgma rèrj gm Adomo-

V`vv`w ~paa`~v~ vdov dov do~ doxx`m`f gm vd` Adomogom no~` g~ o dg`rorndg~ovgem

e yegn`~ gvd gv~ em gjxlgnovgem~ er xorvgngxoverw fg~nepr~`- @malg~d g~ xrgyglà`f

ey`r vd` Adomogom lomapoa`~ gm jomw no~`~ omf rprol orò~ or` `tnlpf`f rej vd`

IJ ~vovgem~ $V`vv`w, 288?;20'- Ev`m xe`rpl jòm~ e vrom~jg~~gem vdròv`m ve

nref epv onvpol er xev`mvgol ndomm`l~ er òc`r yegn`~, xorvgnplorlw e vd` rprol

xeer $V`vv`w, 288?;>?'- Vd` ~oj` xegmv ràorfgma `tnlp~gem omf vd` foma`r e rofge

gm Orgno b`nejgma om `lgv` j`fgpj gvd o enp~ em vd` prbom omf em vd` cgmf e

lg~v`m`r dej ofy`rvg~`r~ omv ve nov`r er g~ jof` bw Crpa`r $2881'- D`mfw $2888'

vee orm~ e vd` foma`r~ e ~oj`m`~~ vdov ae vea`vd`r gvd alebol rofge erjovvgma

omf r`xlgnovgem onre~~ ~vovgem~ vdov ~dor` o nejjem bromfgma- D` o~c~ omf vd`

qp`~vgem g~ `qpollw oxxlgnobl` ve Orgno; Fe`~ rofge gm vd` alebol oa` agy` p~ o gf`r

gmfe gm vd` erlf, er `txe~` p~ fròfpllw ve vd` dejea`mg{`f omf bomol epvxpv

e o ` jplvgmovgemol j`fgo ndogm~ omf r`nerf nejxomg`~5 $D`mfw, 2888;1'-

^pbk`nvgygvg`~, nplvpr`~, nejjpmgvg`~

Vd` noxongvw e rofge ve `maoa` gm vd` vdgnc nplvprol `txr`~~gem~ vdov jorc vd`

lgmapg~vgn lg` e Orgnom ~xòc`r~ omf p~`r~ e vd` j`fgpj onre~~ vd` nemvgm`mv

g~ vd` vexgn e o mpjb`r e `~~ow~ gm vdg~ yelpj` omf erj~ vd` n`mvrol vd`j` e

vd` ~`nemf ~`nvgem, Vd` Nplvpr`~ e Rofge; Lomapoa`~ e vd` @y`rwfow- De fe`~

rofge `maoa` lg~v`m`r~ o~ bevd ngvg{`m~ er eplf*b` ngvg{`m~ omf ~`l*o~dgemgma

~pbk`nv~ gm vd` f`bov`~ e vd` `ro5 Q` erc rej vd` o~~pjxvgem vdov rofge bevd

~dox`~ gv~ lg~v`m`r~dgx omf g~ ~dox`f bw gv- Vd` nejxl`t fgoleagn~ omf nplvprol

rònd e vd` yegngma~ e rofge jòm vdov gv g~ mev xe~~gbl` ve blenc ~vovgem~ gmve

~pnd ~gjxl` novàerg`~ o~ r`xr`~~gy` omf r`` $~`` Apmm`r, Lgaoao, Jome omf

L`caeovdg gm vdg~ yelpj`'-

Qgm~vem Jome $vdg~ yelpj`' xegmv~ epv vdg~ nemvrofgnvgem gm r`lovgem ve rofge p~`

gm [gjbob`- Vd` v`tv~ norrg`f bw vd` fg`r`mv xrearojj`~ e ~vov` rofge, dgnd


29/32

?2 Rofge gm Oirgno

fòl gvd vd` mevgn`~ e vd` `y`rwfow $fòvd omf pm`rol mevgn`~, er gm~vomn`', jow

~vgll pmnvgem o~ vd` yegn`~ e xèxl` obl` ve norrw em nemy`r~ovgem~ vdov, vdrepad

lomapoa` omf nplvprol cmel`fa`, cmgv ojglg`~ omf arepx gmv`r`~v~ vea`vd`r omf

xreygf` f``x ~ovg~onvgem `y`m gm vd` jgf~v e xeer er f`~xevgn aey`rmomn`- Dg~ndoxv`r em fòvd mevgn`~ gm vd` xrearojj` [yg{gyg~e [y`rpp%G{o{g~e [`jo em

Rofge [gjbobòrap`~ vdov gv g~ em` e vd` c`w xrearojj`~ em vd` ~vovgem vdov

nemvgmp`~ ve ovvronv lg~v`m`r~- Vdrepad gv, vd` ~vovgem xr`~`mv~ jov`rgol e movgemol

ergagm $Jwvvem, ?74>;?>0'- Jome fro~ em erc bw Nprrom omf Xorc $2888;???2'

de, gm vd`gr noll er o ~dgv veorf~ f`*Q`~v`rmg{gma j`fgo ~vpfg`~, r`jorc vdov

x`rdox~ vd` c`w xegmv ve `jxdo~g~` g~ vdov j`fgo ~w~v`j~ or` ~dox`f mev j`r`lw

bw movgemol ràploverw ràgj`~ omf movgemol opfg`mn` xr``r`mn`~, bpv bw o nejxl`t

`m~`jbl` e ~engol r`lovgem~ vdov doy` voc`m ~dox` gm movgemol nemv`tv~-

Vdp~, Jome $ngvgma Bormorf, 2888;?1' r`jgmf~ p~ e em` e rofge~ je~v gjxervomv

agv~, moj`lw gv~ obglgvw ve vox gmve vd` nplvprol obrgn e vd` ~eng`vw ve dgnd

gv breofno~v~- Dorrg @malpmf~ $28??' r`n`mv erc em rofge gm Jolog do~ ojema

gv~ ~pbk`nv~ om olv`rmovgy` m`~ bpll`vgm breofno~v bw vd` Jolog Breofno~vgma

Nerxerovgem- Noll`fMcdomg {o jjobejo $M`~ rej vd` Fg~vrgnv~' omf breofno~v

gm vd` `y`mgma~ em bevd Rofge ? omf Rofge 2 IJ, gv p~`~ rgndlw gfgejovgn lomapoa` ve

xpblgng~` ~verg`~ obepv gmkp~vgn` omf vd` oglpr`~ e vd` opvdergvg`~- @malpmf~ ~vpfw

r`yòl~ vd` `tv`mv e rì`nvgem omf f`lgb`rovgem `mobl`f bw Jolog~ xpblgn rofge,

dgnd g~ ev`m r`ygl`f bw dpjom rgadv~ onvgyg~v~ er jogmvogmgma o xelgvgnol bgo~ gm gv~

engol m`~ bpll`vgm~- Qdov bevd Jome omf @malpmf xegmv p~ ve or` vd` r`~emomn`~

e vd` lenol gvd dgnd rofge ex`rov`~- ^pnd xrearojj`~, dgnd jow rpm er jomw

wòr~ vdrepad fg`r`mv breofno~vgma omf xelgvgnol ràgj`~, `t`jxlgw vd` nejxl`t

`m~`jbl` e ~engol r`lovgem~ $ve p~` Nprrom omf Xorc~ $2888' p~`pl xdro~`' vdov

rofge `mobl`~ xèxl` ve `monv- Vdp~, rofge~ noxongvw ve o~~`jbl` omf rò~~`jbl`

gv`j~ rej o roma` e r`x`rvegr`~ jow b` xorv e gv~ xe`r ve yegn` vd` lenol omf

~`l`nvgy`lw gmnerxerov` vd` alebol-

Nexlom $vdg~ yelpj`' o~nrgb`~ ve gv o pmgqp` noxongvw ve fro xèxl` vea`vd`r-

P~gma vd` ÔBN êvde ~vovgem L`v~d`fg IJ o~ dg~ jef`l, d` nlogj~ vdov rofge

do~ vd` noxongvw ve `yec` vd` ~eng`vol omf xpll vea`vd`r vd` gmv`r~`nvgma lgm`~

e nemv`jxerorw Orgnom prbom omf rprol nplvpr`- Vd` xegmv obepv rofge omf gv~

~xon`~nox` o ~lgadvlw fg`r`mv gfò rej Oxxofprog~ $?77?' j`fgo~nox` g~

nrpngol- ^xgvplmgc~ $28883 2882' ~`jgmol erc em rofge gm [ojbgo do~ from epr

ovv`mvgem ve vd` ow rofge r`joc`~ vd` lg~v`m`r~ oxxr`d`m~gem e vd` ~xovgol3 omf

vd` ow~ gm dgnd vd` rofge o~ jov`rgol ebk`nv omf rofge ~epmf ieov vdrepad ~engol

~xon`~, f`jornov` vd`j, omf nròv` m` m`verc~ vdrepad ~pnd vronc~ e ~epmf

omf ~engobglgvg`~-


30/32

Gmvrefpnvgem ?>

Rofge jow b` om oxv j`fgpj er vd` xlowgma epv e ~engol j`jerw omf vd`

xronvgn` e `y`rwfow lg` $F` N`rvòp, ?746', `y`m gm vd` jgf~v e roxgf ndoma`- Bpv

vd` lgb`rolg~ovgem e vd` j`fgo omf vd` ex`mgma px e xpblgn ~xon` ve vd` nemn`rm~

omf yg`~ e erfgmorw xèxl` gm Adomo, C`mwo omf êpvd Orgno, er gm~vomn`$J`w`r, 2886;723 ~`` ol~e Efdgojbe, vdg~ yelpj`3 V`vv`w, vdg~ yelpj`', dgadlgadv

vd` gjxervomn` e ~vpfwgma vd` ~engol gjxonv omf nplvprol jòmgma e j`fgo gm vd`

`y`rwfow lgy`~ e xèxl` $Agm~b`ra, Obp*Lpadef ) Lorcgm, 2882;9'- Vd` nròvgem e

o fg`r`mv ~`m~` e ~pbk`nvdeef lgmc`f ve a`mf`r, xpblgn omf xrgyov` rel`~ er ve de

em` lgy`~ o~ o r`lgagep~ ~pbk`nv nom ol~e ev`m nej` vdrepad m` xe~~gbglgvg`~ vdov

rofge ~`v~ epv vdrepad o m` nemaprovgem e xpblgn omf xrgyov`- Vdp~ ^ndpl{ $vdg~

yelpj`' nejj`mv~ em vd` xrelg`rovgem e rofge ~vovgem~ ~gmn` vd` f`jenrovg~ovgem

e vd` Jolg j`fgo- Vdg~, ~d` orap`~, nom gv~`l dgadlgadv evd`r ~engol v`m~gem~, o~

vd` p~` e vd` j`fgo gm a`m`rol rì`nv~ ~dgv~ gm a`mf`r rel`~ omf pmf`r~vomfgma~ e

r`lgagep~ opvdergvw-

^ndpl{, lgc` Fgooro~ $?771' òrlg`r erc em rofge gm Jolg ngv`f obey`, fro~

p~ gmve o vrogl e f``x nplvprol nop~olgvg`~ vdov do~ ve b` elle`f gm erf`r ve pllw

pmf`r~vomf dw ej`m~ yegn`~ o~ r`lgagep~ xrònd`r~ doy` ~pnd o nejxlgnov`f

r`n`xvgem gm Jolg vefow omf dw vd`w or` ~e `mkew`f- Gm evd`r erf~, vd` ndoma`

gm ~pbk`nvgygvg`~ vdov rofge brgma~, o~ gv ~dox`~ vd` xrefpnvgem e gmfgygfpol omf

nell`nvgy` gf`mvgvg`~ $Agm~b`ra, Obp*Lpadef ) Lorcgm, 2882;>', jow `ll b`

fgnplv omf nemv`~v`f- Gm omevd`r gm~vomn`, from rej Irodj*Orx~ ndoxv`r em o

nejjpmgvw ~vovgem gm Kedomm`~bpra, om gmfgygfpol~ r`lovgem ve dg~%d`r ogvd omf vd`

pmf`r~vomfgma e vd` b`lg`ygma ~pbk`nv nom b` frojovgnollw ~dgv`f vdrepad o r`lgagep~

rofge xrearojj`~ breofno~vgma e vd` Novdelgn Jo~~- O x`r~em~ ~pbk`nvdeef omf

vd` pmf`r~vomfgma e b`gma o ngvg{`m jow ndoma` vee- Vdp~, o nejjpmgvw ~vovgem

f`yev`f ve vd` G~lojgn ogvd f`jem~vrov`~ de gmfgygfpol b`lg` jow `mneproa` o

r`lgagep~ gf`mvgvw vdov g~ nejjpmol, movgemol omf xorv e vd` alebol pjjod- Dorem

fg~np~~`~ gm dg~ ndoxv`r vd` fg~xpv`~ omf `y`mvpol r`~elpvgem~ em vd` vexgn e

ej`m em vd` ogr vdov `r` xorv e vd` ~`vvgma px e Jp~lgj nejjpmgvw rofge

~vovgem~ gm vd` f`jenrovgn xe~v*oxorvd`gf `ro gm êpvd Orgno-

Vd`r` or` ow~ vee gm dgnd o ndoma` gm rofge~nox` brgma~ obepv vd` xrefpnvgem

e dov Brgagv J`w`r $2886' gm d`r fg~np~~gem e vd` m` x`mv`ne~volgv` ~vwl`,

xorvgnplorlw gm yg~pol xpblgn nplvpr` gm Adomo, do~ v`rj`f olv`rmovgy` gjoagmovgem~-

M` a`mf`r`f ~pbk`nvgygvg`~ nom ~dox` vd`j~`ly`~ vdrepad gmmeyovgy` ow~ e

lgygma em`~ ogvd $Irodj*Orx omf ^ndpl{, bevd gm vdg~ yelpj`', a`mf`r`f b`doygepr

omf b`doygepr o~ ngvg{`m~, omf jef`rm ~pbk`nv~ $Be~nd, Apmm`r omf Lgaoao gm vdg~

yelpj`'-


31/32

?6 Rofge gm Oirgno

Rofge omf vd` movgem

Jorg~~o Jeerjom~ ndoxv`r em rofge gm Omaelo ney`r~ o breof ~``x e vgj` rej

nelemgol rofge vdrepad ve vd` xe~v*ngygl or xr`~`mv- Mev emlw fe`~ ~d` f`jem~vrov`vd` rel` e jp~gn o~ xorv e vd` ow Omaelom~ gjoagm`f vd` b`nejgma e o movgem

gm vd` ?798~ omf ?718~, bpv ~d` ol~e ~de~ vd` gmvàrol rel` e rofge $omf ygmwl'

gm vdg~ xren`~~ e gjoagmgma vd` movgem- Vdp~, gjoagmovgem, r`~g~vomn` omf jp~gnol

vo~v` gmv`rvgm` ov o nrpngol x`rgef gm Omaelo~ dg~verw- Lgc` Foyg~~ ndoxv`r em

Rofge Ir``fej, Jeerjom vee ~de~ vd` xlon` eOmaelo Nejbov`mv` vd` JXLO2

rofge xrearojj` fprgma vd` or oaogm~v Xervpaol gm nròvgma olv`rmovgy` ~xon`~

e gjoagmovgem- _pevgma rej ^xgvplmgc $?774;94', ~d` r`jorc~ vdov xlon`~ vdov

`r` jgmgjollw nemm`nv`f bèr` b`noj` ~vremalw lgmc`f dgl` vd` derg{em~

e xèxl`~ erlf~ `txomf`f fg~vomn`~ ey`roll b`noj` ~derv`r omf `y`m jer`

vomagbl`- Vd`r` g~ me aporomv``, de`y`r, vdov o m` r`` ~vov` gll olle rofge

r``fej- Jeerjom~ ndoxv`r bàgm~ omf `mf~ blòclw, gvd om onnepmv e ve

cgllgma~ gm lov` 28?8 bevd e xexplor omf r`~x`nv`f keprmolg~v~ rej Rofge F`~x`rvor,

vd` rofge e vd` exxe~gvgem xorvw PMGVO->

Qdgl` vd` xelgvgn~ e nplvpr` omf nejjpmgvw or` vd`j`~ xr`~`mv gm `~~ow~ gm

vdg~ yelpj`, ~e vee g~ vd` lgmc b`v``m rofge omf vd` xrek`nv e o ~vov` xelgvgn~ e

gf`mvgvw- Jeerjom~ ndoxv`r agy`~ p~ o brg` algjx~` e vd` ~vrpaal`~ ey`r rofge

yegn` omf gv~ nemvrel gm Omaelo me- Olje~v oll vd` ndoxv`r~ gm vdg~ beec `maoa`

ov ~ej` l`y`l gvd vdg~ qp`~vgem e vd` xelgvgn~ e ~vov` gf`mvgvw, rofge ~epmf, omf

vd` gfò e movgem omf xronvgn` e vd` ~vov`- O~ Agm~b`ra, Obp*Lpadef omf Lorcgm

$2882;??' xpv gv;

@y`m g movgem~ or` olow~ gm r`lovgem~ gvd evd`r movgem~ omf vrom~movgemol

gf`mvgvg`~ er gfò~ $Domm`r{, ?7723 Oxxofprog, ?77>' --- vd` movgem g~ ~vgll o

xev`mv roj` e r``r`mn`, `~x`ngollw gm vd` jomw nepmvrg`~ d`r` vd` ~vov`

do~ b``m vd` xrgj` onver gm vd` nròvgem omf ràplovgem e j`fgo m`verc~-

Nom rofge, nor`pllw f`xlew`f omf ràplov`f, mobl` vd` ne`tg~v`mn` e jer` jplvgxl`

gf`mvgvg`~ gvdgm vd` movgem ~vov`5 Ndgbgvo~ ndoxv`r em vd` fgnplv qp`~vgem e

breofno~vgma lomapoa` gm Paomfo rog~`~ xr`ng~`lw ~pnd o xrebl`j- De, ~d` o~c~,

nom o xelgnw e jplvgxl`*lomapoa` breofno~vgma vdov xrgyglà`~ Orgnom lomapoa`~

~xec`m gm Paomfo olema~gf` vd` p~` e @malg~d b` o ow e ondg`ygma o aròv`r ~`m~`

e movgemol pmgvw5

^gjglorlw, bevd ^jgvd~ ndoxv`r em vd` ~`vvgma px e vd` m` PM*pmf`f êjolgo

~vovgem Bor*Cplom omf Foyg~~ dg~vergnol ndoxv`r em Rofge Ir``fej omf gv~ gmv`rmol

fg~~`m~gem~ doy` o~ om pmf`rlwgma fg~nepr~` vd` qp`~vgem e o movgemol xrek`nv-


32/32

Lgaoao~ ndoxv`r em rofge vdòvr` vdov c`xv oieov gm vd` on` e o r`xr`~~gy` n`mvrol

breofno~v`r, vd` CBN, ~de~ vd` ~vov` ex`rovgma o r`xr`~~gy` yg` e vd` movgem omf

em` e vd` xlow~ vdov ~prygy`f n`m~er~dgx o~ xr`~`mvgma o jpnd jer` nejxlgnov`f

j`fgvovgem em vd` movgem omf dov do~ aem` rema gvd gv- Vd` lomapoa` jow b`dgff`m, vd` a`mr`~ fg`r`mv, bpv vd` o~ngmovgem gvd vd` gfò omf xrek`nv e ~vov`

gf`mvgvw ~``j~, em vd` bo~g~ e vd`~` `~~ow~, ve b` rjlw reev`f gm vd` Orgnom

gjoagmorw ov vd` xr`~`mv vgj`- Jeerjom~ gm~gadvpl yg` e rofge, jp~gn omf vd`

movgem gm Omaelo x`rdox~ ~pj~ gv px b`~v- Rofge, ~d` ~vov`~, g~ o nplvprol v`ndmeleaw

gvd o ~x`ngn jef` e nejjpmgnovgem vdov agy`~ gv o xorvgnplor r`lovgem ve vd`

xrefpnvgem e movgem-

@mfmev`~

? Vd` ~`nvgem~ gmve dgnd ` doy` fgygf`f vd` beec or` gm o ~`m~` o~ xerep~ o~ rofge gv~`l;

vd` ndoxv`r~ volc ve ònd evd`r gm jplvgxl` ow~ omf nre~~*npv gvd vd` vd`j`~ omf joker

qp`~vgem~ ` doy` ovv`jxv`f ve epvlgm` obey`- Vd` ~`nvgem~ gmve dgnd vd` beec oll~ or`;

$?' Rofge, Xexplor F`jenronw omf M` Xpblgn~3 $2' Vd` Nplvpr`~ e Rofge; Lomapoa`~ e

vd` @y`rwfow3 omf $>' Rofge omf Nejjpmgvw; Yegn`~ e Ndoma`-

Epr vdomc~ ve Q`mfw Koj`~ er xreygfgma vd` gmerjovgem em vd` ve ^pfom`~` ~vovgem~

$x`r~emol nejjpmgnovgem, ?2 Enveb`r 28?8'-

2 Jeygj`mve Xexplor fo Lgb`rvoe f` Omaelo-

> Pmge Mogemol xoro o Gmf`x`mfmgo Vevol f` Omaelo-

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