qhXr (E .E.) - Utkal Universityddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_HINDI/Paper-17.pdf · 1 DDCE Utkal University qhXr (E_.E.) M.A. (Hindi) COURSES OF STUDY Certified that Syllabus & Courses

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DDCE Utkal UniversityqhXr (E_.E.)M.A. (Hindi)

COURSES OF STUDY

Certified that Syllabus & Courses ofStudy have been prepared

According to the UGC guidelines

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DDCE, Utkal UniversityM.A. (Hindi)

E_. E. {h§Xr

SEM - III

paper -XVII

{deof AÜ``Z : VwbgrXmg

boIH$

àmo. S>m°. adrÝÐZmW {_l

Certified that Syllabus & Courses ofStudy have been prepared

According to the UGC guidelines

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SEMESTER - III Paper -XVII( nmR²>` J«§W )

VwbgrXmg

BH$mB© -I am_M[aV _mZg (ì`m»`m Ho$ {bE {g\©$ CÎmaH$m§S>)

BH$mB© -II {dZ` n{ÌH$m - (nX - 1-20)

BH$mB© -III JrVmdbr -(nX - 1-20 )

H${dVmdbr - (~mbH$m§S>, A`moÜ`mH$m§S>)

4

UNIT -I

am_M[aV _mZg

VwbgrXmg : OrdZn[aM`* aMZmE±* aMZmAm| H$m g§{já n[aM`

1. am_M[aV _mZg :1.1 J«§W n[aM`1.2 Vwbgr H$s ^{º$ ^mdZm : ^md nj1.3 Vwbgr H$m gwYmaH$ ê$n1.4 Xme©{ZH$ {dMma1.5 H$bm nj1.6 Ab§H$ma1.7 CÎma H$m§S> (_yb nmR>)1.8 DeY³eeme àíZ1.9 g§X^© J«§W

5

UNIT -I

VwbgrXmg

Jmoñdm_r VwbgrXmg :i)OrdZ n[aM` :

{hÝXr Ho$ ^{º$H$mb H$s gJwU Ymam Ho$ am_ ^º$ H${d h¢ Ÿ& "_yb JmogmBª M[aV' Ho$ AmYmana BZHo$ OrdZ H$s à_wI ~mV| Bg àH$ma go h¢ : Vwbgr H$m OÝ_ g§. 1554 {d. _| lmdU ewŠbmgá_r H$mo amOmnwa _| hþAm Wm Ÿ&

n§Ðh gm¡ Mm¡dZ {dfo H$mqbXr Ho$ Vra Ÿ&

lmdU ewŠbm gá_r Vwbgr Yao gara Ÿ&&

BZHo$ {nVm amOmnwa Ho$ amOJwé Wo Ÿ& BZH$s _mVm H$m Zm_ hþbgr Wm Ÿ& à{g{Õ h¡ {H$ OÝ_ Ho$g_` amo o Zht, daZ² am_ am_ H$m CƒmaU {H$`m, {Oggo BZH$m Zm_ am_~mobm n‹S> J`m Ÿ& CZHo$ dÎmrgm|Xm§V Wo Ÿ& ò nm§M df© ~mbH$ O¡go CËnÞ hþE Wo Ÿ& OÝ_ Ho$ VrZ {XZ ~mX BZH$s _mVm H$m XohmÝV hmoJ`m Ÿ& _mVm Zo nwÌ H$s ajm H$m ma AnZr Xmgr Mw{Z`m§ H$mo gm¢n {X`m Wm Ÿ& AV: hþbgr H$s _¥Ë`w Ho$~mX dh am_~mobm H$mo AnZr ggwamb h[anwa bo JB© Ÿ& dhm± na CgH$s _¥Ë`w gm§n Ho$ H$mQ>Zo na hmo JB© Ÿ&dhm± go amOmnwa {nVm Ho$ nmg g§Xoe Am`m, na CÝhm|Zo ~mbH$ H$mo A_§JbH$mar OmZH$a dmng ~wbm`mhr Zht Ÿ& nm§M df© H$m ~mbH$ am_~mobm Ûma-Ûma rI _m§JZo bJm Ÿ& AZ§VmZ§X Ho$ {eî` Zah`m©ZÝX Zog~ g§ñH$ma H$aHo$ eyH$a joÌ _| BÝh| am_ H$s H$Wm gwZmB© Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo am_~mobm H$m Vwbgr Zm_ aIm Ÿ&nm§M df© Ho$ ~mX Zah[a CÝh| boH$a H$mer AmE Am¡a dhm± eof gZmVZ go {_bo Ÿ& eof gZmVZ Vwbgr H$sà{V^m na M{H$V ah JE Am¡a CZHo$ g§ajU _| CÝhm|Zo B{Vhmg, nwamU Am¡a H$mì` g~ n‹T> S>mbm Ÿ& eofgZmVZ H$s _¥Ë`w Ho$ CnamÝV Vwbgr amOmnwa AmE Am¡a dhm± am_H$Wm H$h H$a AnZm OrdZ ì`VrVH$aZo bJo Ÿ&

{hÝXr gm{hË` Ho$ ~¥hV² B{Vhmg Ho$ AZwgma g§. 1583 _| Vma{nVm Jm±d Ho$ ~«mh_U Zo VwbgrH$m {ddmh AnZr H$Ý`m go H$a {X`m Ÿ& nm§M df© d¡dm{hH$ OrdZ ì`VrV H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CZH$s ór EH$~ma _¡Ho$ Mbr JB© Ÿ& do ñd`§ CZHo$ nrN>o ggwamb JE Am¡a CZH$s MoVmdZr na d¡am½` J«hU {H$`m Ÿ& BgXw:I _| CZH$s nËZr H$s g§. 1689 _| _¥Ë`w hmo JB© Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo Ka go {ZH$b H$a 15 df© VH$ VrW© mÌmAm¡a ^«_U H$a A§V _| {MÌHy$Q> _| AnZm {ZdmgñWmZ ~Zm`m Ÿ& dhm± hZw_mZ Ho$ Ûmam am_ Xe©Z hþE Ÿ&BgHo$ ~mX do H$mer Mbo JE Ÿ& H$mer _| {ed Zo Xe©Z XoH$a BÝh| am_ H$Wm {bIZo H$s àoaUm Xr Ÿ& \$b

6

ñdê$n g§. 1631 _| A`moÜ`m AmH$a BÝhm|Zo am_M[aV _mZg H$s aMZm àma§ H$s Ÿ&

am_M[aV _mZg H$s »`m{V ~‹T> JB©, \$bV: H$mer Ho$ n§{S>Vm| Zo Cgo Ûofde MwamZo H$m n« ËZ{H$`m, Am¡a Vwbgr Zo h à{V H$mer Ho$ O_tXma Q>moS>a Ho$ hm± gwa{jV aIdmB© Ÿ& H$mer Ho$ n§{S>Vm| Ûmamnr{‹S>V hmoZo na g§. 1633 VH$ BÝhm|Zo {dZ` n{ÌH$m {bIr Ÿ& BgHo$ ~mX BÝhm|Zo {_{Wbm mÌm H$s Ÿ& Bgrg_` Ho$ bJ^J am_bbm ZhN>ÿ, nmd©Vr _§Jb Am¡a OmZH$s _§Jb H$s aMZm H$s Ÿ& g§. 1640 _|Xmohmdbr g§J«h {bIm Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo OrdZ _| AZoH$ M_ËH$ma {XImE Ÿ& Bg ~rM BÝhm|Zo AÝ` J«§Wm| H$saMZm H$s Ÿ& g§dV² 1680 _| lmdU VrO e{Zdma H$mo J§Jm Ho$ {H$Zmao Agr KmQ> na bwbgr Zo earaN>mo‹S>m Ÿ& g§dV² gmoah gm¡ Agr Agr J§J Ho$ Vra Ÿ&

lmdU ñ`m_m VrO g{Z, Vwbgr VOo gara Ÿ&&

Vwbgr H$s h _¥Ë`w {V{W gd©_mÝ` h¡ , Ú{n OÝ_{V{W Ho$ ~mao _| _VôX h¡, OmO© {J« g©ZZo KQ>am_mÙ Ho$ AmYma na g§. 1589 {V{W _mZr h¡ Omo S>m°. _mVmàgmX Jwá H$mo r _mÝ` h¡ Š`m|{H$ hJUZm ewÕ CVaVr h¡, na h mXmo gwXr 11, _§Jbdma h¡ Ÿ& Bg {V{W H$s na§nam H$m H$moB© à_mU Zht Ÿ&`h Vmo KQ>am_mÙ H$s H$ënZm _mÌ h¡ Ÿ& A{YH$ _mÝ` Vmo _yb JmogmB© M[aV H$s {V{W g§. 1554 gmdZewŠbm 6 hmoZr Mm{hE : Š`m|{H$ BgH$s na§nam h¡ Ÿ& "_mZg _`§H$' Ho$ boIH$ Zo ^r Bgo ñdrH$ma {H$`mh¡ Ÿ& Bg {V{W H$mo hr Vwbgr H$m OÝ_ g_` g_PZm Mm{hE ; _VôX hmoZo na ^r {V{W gd©_mÝ` h¡ Ÿ&

ii) aMZmE± :Vwbgr Ho$ ~mah J«§W àm_m{UH$ _mZo OmVo h¢, {OZ_| nm§M J«§W A{V à{gÕ h¢ - am_M[aV

_mZg, {dZ` n{ÌH$m, H${dVmdbr, JrVmdbr Am¡a Xmohmdbr Ÿ& BZHo$ A{V[aº$ gmV J«§W Am¡a r h¢ -nmd©Vr _§Jb, OmZH$s _§Jb, d¡am½` g§XrnZr, H¥$îUJrVmdbr, ~ad¡ am_mÙ, am_bbm ZhN>ÿ, am_mkmàíZmdbr Ÿ& BZ_| go Mma J«§W Bg nmR²> H«$_ _| h¢ {OZH$s {deof MMm© H$s OmEJr Ÿ& `hm± g§{ján[aM` àñVwV h¡ Ÿ&

iii) aMZmAm| H$m g§{já n[aM` :

am_M[aV _mZg-`h AdYr _| a{MV am_H$Wm na AmY¥V _hmH$mì` h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s

aMZm 1574 B©. _| A`moÜ`m _| Ama§ hþB© VWm BgH$m A§{V_^mJ H$mer _| g_má hþAm Ÿ& `h gmVH$mÊS>m| H$m à~§Y H$mì` h¡ Ÿ& ^maV Ho$ A{YH$m§e àm§Vm| _| VWm CÎma ^maV _| Bg J«§W H$mo A{YH$ goA{YH$ bmoJ n‹T>Vo h¢ Ÿ& dmë_r{H$ am_mÙ VWm _hm^maV H$s VwbZm _| Bg J«§W Ho$ à{V A{YH$ bmoJAmH${f©V h¢ Ÿ& Bg_| bmoJ AnZo OrdZ H$m à{V{~å~ XoI nmVo h¢ Ÿ&

7

JrVmdbr - Bg_| am_H$Wm g§~§Yr nXmdbr h¡ Ÿ& H$mÊS> H«$_ go `h g§H${bV h¡ Ÿ& gyagmJa Ho$ AZwH$aU na BgH$s aMZm hþB© h¡ Ÿ& JrVm| _| H$Wm H$s nwZamd¥{Îm {XImB© n‹S>Vr h¡ Ÿ&

{dZ` n{ÌH$m - {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| 279 nX h¢ Ÿ& `h am_ Ho$ MaUm| _| ôOr OmZo dmbrJrVmË_H$ AOu Ho$ ê$n _| àñVwV h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| Vwbgr H$s gmYZm H$m AmXe©, H$bm VWm ^mdZmAm| H$mghO gm¡ÝX`© -Xe©Zr` h¡ Ÿ& `h aMZm gd©loð> AmË_{ZdoXZmË_H$ gm{hË` ê$n h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m àËòH$ nX^{º$-ag go AmoVàmoV h¡ Ÿ&

H${dVmdbr - Bg_| am_ H$Wm g§~§Yr nXmdbr Ho$ gmW H${d Ho$ OrdZ VWm `wJ H$mog_PZo Ho$ {bE _hËdnyU© àg§Jm| H$s AdaVmaUm hþB© h¡ Ÿ& _hm_mar, eara nr‹S>m VWm _¥Ë`w go nhbo H$mH$ï> d{U©V h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| H${dVm -gd¡ m e¡br _| d{U©V h¡ Ÿ&

BZ Mma J«§Wm| Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` J«§Wm| H$m g§{já n[aM` Bg àH$ma h¡ :

am_mkm àíZ - gmV gJm] _| `h aMZm h¡ {Og_| Hw$b 343 nX h¢ Ÿ& Bg_| nyar am_ H$WmàñVwV H$s JB© h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| grVm H$s YaVr -àdoe -H$Wm d{U©V h¡ Ÿ&

am_bbm ZhNy> - Bg_| am_ {ddmh Ho$ Adga H$m JrV h¡ Ÿ& Bg _| "am_ {ddmh' Ho$Adga na CnpñWV àOmOZm| Ho$ hmd-^md H$m gwÝXa dU©Z h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s mfm AdYr h¡ Ÿ&

nmd©Vr _§Jb - am_ H$Wm g§~§Yr nXmd{b`m± h¢ Ÿ& BgH$m aMZmH$mb 1643 {d. h¡ Ÿ&

g_| {ednmd©Vr Ho$ {ddmh H$m H«$_dÕ dU©Z h¡ Ÿ& AV: `h EH$ IÊS>H$mì` h¡ Ÿ& `h _§Jb H$mì` `m{ddmh -H$mì` h¡ Ÿ&

OmZH$s _§Jb - BgH$m aMZmH$mb 1643 {d. h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| ^r am_-grVm H$m {ddmhYmamdm{hH$ ê$n _| h¡ & dmë_r{H$ am_mÙ Ho$ AZwHy$b BgH$m dU©Z h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s mfm AdYr h¡ Ÿ&

Xmohmdbr - g_` g_` na {bIo JE Xmohm| H$m g§J«h h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m aMZm H$mb 1626 g§.go boH$a g§. 1680 VH$ _mZm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& _wº$H$ H$mì` H$s g\$bVm Bg_| XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ& `h~«O^mfm H$s EH$ g\$b H¥${V h¡ Ÿ&

~ad¡ am_mÙ - g§. 1669 BgH$m aMZmH$mb h¡ Ÿ& `h H${d Ho$ Ûmam g_` g_` naaMo JE ~ad¡ N>§Xm| H$m g§J«h_mÌ h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| {º$ag go g§~§{YV nX h¢ Ÿ& BgH$s ^mfm AdYr h¡ Ÿ&

d¡am½` g§XrnZr - Hw$b ~mgR> N>§Xm| H$s N>moQ>rgr aMZm h¡ Ÿ& Bgo _wº$ H$mì` H$hm OmVmh¡ Ÿ& Bg_| em§Vag à_wI h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| {ZJw©U Am¡a gJwU H$s EH$Vm à{Vnm{XV h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s mfm ~«OmdYrh¡ Ÿ&

H¥$îUJrVmdbr - `h nXmo§ H$m g§J«h h¡ Ÿ& `h J«§W g§. 1643 Am¡a 1650 Ho$ ~rM _|{ZYm©[aV {H$`m J`m BgH$m aMZmH$mb h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| dmËgë` Ed§ ûm¥§Jma XmoZm| agm| H$m àmYmÝ` h¡ Ÿ& H${dZo 61 nXm| _| H¥$îU Ho$ ~mb brbm H$m JmZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s ^mfm ~«O h¡ Ÿ&

8

lram_M[aV _mZg

1.1 J§«W> n[aM` :`h J«§W {hÝXy g§ñH¥${V H$m gma^yV J«§W h¡ Ÿ& Bg J«§W _| ^maVr` Ñ{ï> go OrdZ H$s EH$ nyU©

H$ënZm àñ\w${Q>V hþB© h¡ Ÿ& {hÝXr H$m h gd©loð> _hmH$mì` h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s aMZm Vwbgr Zo g§. 1631 {d.,M¡Ì ewŠb 9, _§Jbdma H$mo àma§ H$s Wr Ÿ& gmV H$mÊS>m| _| {d^º$ `h J«§W h¡ Ÿ& {\$a ^r H$Wm H$m{dñVma BVZm h¡ {H$ _hmH$mì` Ho$ gJm] go A{YH$ h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| _m{ÌH$ Am¡a d{U©V N>ÝXm| H$m `WmñWmZà`moJ hþAm h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo Xmohm§o Am¡a Mm¡nmB© N>§X _| _mZg H$s aMZm H$s h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| am_ H$m CÎm_ M[aÌ{M{ÌV h¡ Ÿ& _mZg H$m _w»` ag em§V h¡ bo{H$Z ûm¥§Jma, dra, H$éU Am{X g^r agm| H$m n[anmH$ AZoH$ñWbm| na XoIZo H$mo {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& {d{^Þ ^mdm| H$m `h J«§W {deof ^ÊS>ma h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr AnZo _Zmoa_dU©Z Ûmam lmoVm Ho$ _Z na A{YH$ma H$a boVo h¢ Ÿ& _mZg EH$ M[aÌàYmZ J«§W h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| g§dmXm| H$sgOrdVm, M[aÌ H$m gyú_ {MÌU, dmVm©bmn H$s CËH¥$ï>Vm n[ab{jV hmoVr h¡ Ÿ&

_mgZ H$s aMZm Vwbgr Zo AnZo wJ H$s AmÜ`mpË_H$ g_ñ`m Ho$ g_mYmZ Ho$ {bE H$s Wr Ÿ&`h dh h¡ {H$ B©ída gmH$ma h¡ `m {ZamH$ma ? Vwbgr Zo `h {gÕ {H$`m h¡ {H$ `h VH©$ H$m {df` Zht,AZw d Am¡a {dídmg H$m {df` h¡ Ÿ& AnZo {dídmg Am¡a AmñWm Ho$ ~b na h_ Cgo Bg ê$n _| AZw dH$a gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& OrdZ H$m à_wI Üò CgrH$m gmjmËH$ma Am¡a BgHo$ {bE gwJ_ Cnm` h¡ {º$ Ÿ& BgJ«§W H$m {d{^Þ ^mfmAm| _| AZwdmX ^r hþAm h¡ Ÿ& `h Anyd© J«§W h¡ Ÿ& {díd gm{hË` _| BgH$s g_VmH$aZo dmbm J«§W Xwb© h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo am_M[aV _mZg Ho$ ~mao _| AnZr aMZm _| {ZX}{eV H$aVo hþE H$hmh¡ -

g§dV gmoah gm¡ BH$Vrgm Ÿ& H$aC± H$Wm h[anX Y[a grgm Ÿ&

Zm¡_r m¡_dma _Yw_mgm Ÿ& AdYnwar h M[aV àH$mgm Ÿ&&

* * *

{d_b H$Wm H$a H$sÝh Ama§ m Ÿ& gwZV Z[h H$m_ _X X§ m Ÿ&&

( am. _m. - 1-33-3-34-3)

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na§Vw _mZg H$s g_m{á H$~ hþB© h {ZpíMV ê$n go Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm Ÿ& _yb JwgmBª M[aVHo$ AZwgma am_-{ddmh H$s {V{W H$mo AJhZ _mg _| g§. 1633 H$mo BgH$s aMZm nyU© hþB© VWm BgH$saMZm _| Xmo df©, gmV _mg Am¡a N>~rg {XZ bJo Wo Ÿ& (_yb JwgmBª M[aV -41.1)

^JdV² à{V^m g§nÞ Vwbgr O¡go H${d Ho$ {bE BVZo ñdënH$mb _| Bg {demb J«§W H$s aMZm Ag§ d^r Zht h¡ Ÿ&

_mZg _| H${d Ho$ º$ ê$n Am¡a {MÝVH$ ê$n AË §V _wIa h¡ Ÿ& ~mbH$mÊS> Am¡a A`moÜ`mH$mÊS>BgHo$ {bE gdm}Îm_ {gÕ hmoVo h¢ Ÿ&

{díd gm{hË` _| "_mZg' H$mo loð>V_ _hmH$mì`m| _| {JZm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Hw$N> bmoJ Bgo nwamUH$mì` H$hVo h¢ Ÿ&

S>m°. ~bXod àgmX {_l Ho$ AZwgma - ""Jmoñdm_r Vwbgr Or H$m g~go _hmËdnyU© J«§W h¡{Ogo gm_mÝ`V: bmoJ am_mÙ H$h {X`m H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg J«§WaËZ H$s àe§gm _| Omo ^r H$hm Om` Wmo‹S>mh¡ Ÿ& Š`m mfm Am¡a Š`m md, Š`m H$mì` Am¡a Š`m {gÕmÝV, Š`m ag n[anmH$ Am¡a Š`m à~§Y MmVwar,Š`m gmYw_V Am¡a Š`m bmoH$_V, Š`m AVrV H$Wm Am¡a Š`m ^{dî` nWàXe©Z {Og Ñ{ï> go Xo{IECgr Ñ{ï> go `h J«§W Anyd© OmZ n‹S>Vm h¡ Ÿ&'' (Vwbgr Xe©Z n¥. - 17) Ÿ&

BÝÐnmb qgh "BÝX' Zo "Vwbgr gm{hË` Am¡a gmYZm' J«§W _| H$hm h¡ {H$ -"" am_M[aV_mZg ' H$s AdéÕ OrdZr e{º$ Am¡a àdUVm H$m g~go nwï> à_mU `h h¡ {H$ dh g_J« CÎmar ^maV_| Y_©J«§W Ho$ ê$n _| _mÝ` h¡ Ÿ& CgH$s YynXrn, Z¡doÚ go nyOm H$s OmVr h¡ Ÿ& H$mo{Q>-H$mo{Q> OZVm CggoZdrZ e{º$, ZdrZ àmUñ\y${Îm© Am¡a A{_V AmË_Vmof àmá H$aVr h¡ VWm AnZr g_ñ`mAm| H$m g_mYmZImoOVr h¡ Ÿ& CgH$m Ka-Ka nmR> hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {d{eï> Adga na CgH$m A{^Z` r {H$`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&AX² wV OrdZre{º$ Am¡a àmUdÎmm Ho$ H$maU hr Bg H$mì` Zo {díd H$s AZoH$ g_¥Õ ^mfmAm| _|AZy{XV hmoZo H$m Jm¡ad àmá {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& {dXoer {dÛmZm| Zo ^r BgH$s _wº$H§$R> go àe§gm H$s h¡ Ÿ&

gabVm hr Bg J«§W H$s {deofVm h¡ Ÿ& EH$ AZn‹T> J§dma ^r BgH$s n§{º$`m± gwZH$a _w½Y hmoOmVm h¡ Am¡a CÝh| `mX H$a boVm h¡ Ÿ& bmoH$moÎma AmZÝX XoZo _| `h H$mì` J«§W AZyR>m h¡ Ÿ& em§{V àXmZH$aZo Ho$ {bE h AZwn_ {º$ J«§W h¡ Ÿ& g_mO g§ñH$ma Ho$ {bò h EH$ {deof Zr{V J«§W h¡ Ÿ& am_H$Wmào{_`m| Ho$ {bE h H§$R>hma gÑe h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr H$s _hÎmm H$m àYmZ AmYma hr EH$ J«§W h¡ {OgHo$ Jm¡adHo$ gmW CZH$m Jm¡ad A{^Þ ê$n go g§~Õ h¡ Ÿ&

10

1.2 Vwbgr H$s ^{º$ -^mdZm :^md nj - Vwbgr am_H$mì` Ymam Ho$ à{V{Z{Y H${d h¢ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo AnZo g_ñV H$mì`

J«§Wm| _| am_ Ho$ à{V AZÝ` {º$-^md ì`º$ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE Vwbgr H$mo am_ H$m EH${Zð> Ed§ AZÝ`^º$ Ho$ ê$n _| {ddo{MV {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& na_ AZwamJ O~ B©ída H$s Amoa hmo V~ dh "^{º$' H$hbmVmh¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo aKwdra am_MÝÐOr H$mo AnZm Bï>Xod _mZm h¡, ^º$ AnZr ^mdZm Ho$ AZwgma Bï>XodMwZVm h¡ Ÿ& H$moB© H¥$îU H$mo Vmo H$moB© e§H$a H$mo, H$moB© {dîUw H$mo Vmo H$moB© am_ H$mo Ÿ& ~«÷ Mmho {ZJw©U hmo mgJwU na§Vw BVZm Vmo {ZpíMV h¡ {H$ dh gd©ì`mnr h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo AnZo AmamÜ` XeaWZ§XZ am_ H$mo ~«÷H$m gJwU gmH$ma ê$n _mZm Am¡a gd©ì`mnr _mZm Ÿ&

""gr`m am__` g~ OJ OmZr Ÿ& H$ah±þ àZm_ Omo[a OwJ nmZr'' Ÿ&

Vwbgr Zo na_mË_m Ho$ AZoH$ Zm_m| _| "am_' Zm_ H$mo gd©loð> H$hm Ÿ&

OÚ{n à_w Ho$ Zm_ AZoH$m Ÿ& lw{V H$h A{YH$ EH$ V| EH$m Ÿ&

am_ gH$b Zm_Z V| A{YH$m Ÿ& hmohþ A{Ib AK IJ JZ d{YH$m Ÿ&

( _m. 323 -26, 27)

CÝhm|Zo H$hm {H$ am_ Ho$ {bE H$moB© Cn_m Zht h¡ Ÿ& am_ Ho$ g_mZ ~g, am_ hr h¢ Ÿ&

^{º$ : namZwa{Varídao (empÊS>ë` {º$gyÌ)

AWm©V² B©ída _| àH¥$ï> AZwamJ hr ^{º$ h¡ Ÿ& à~b AZwamJ H$m g_n©U na_mË_m H$s AmoahmoZm Mm{hE Ÿ& bmoJ ewîH$ doXmÝV kmZ Zht MmhVo Wo Ÿ& do MmhVo Wo {H$ Amb§~Z Am¡a CÔrnZ {d^mdàË`j hmo Ÿ& Am±Im| Ho$ gm_Zo CnpñWV hmo Ÿ& _hmË_mAm| Zo H$hm h¡ Amb§~Z Am¡a CÔrnZ Ho$ O[aò^JdXAZwamJ H$s AÀN>r d¥{Õ hmo gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ& na_mË_m Vmo AàË`j h¢ Ÿ& Bg{bE d¡Yr {º$ H$m {dYmZaMm h¡ Ÿ& d¡Yr ^{º$ H$m àYmZ A§J h¡ ŸCnmgH$ Ÿ& Bg_| Mma ~mVm| H$s Amdí`H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡ Ÿ&

1) CnmgH$ ; 2) nyOm Ðì` ; 3) nyOm{d{Y ; 4) _§Ì Omn Ÿ&

^{º$ _| d¡am½` Am¡a {ddoH$ H$mo Vwbgr Zo {deof _hËd {X`m h¡ Š`m|{H$ {º$ _| BZ XmoZm| H$s{deof Amdí`H$Vm h¡ Ÿ& BÝhm|Zo ZdYm {º$ H$mo r _hÎd {X`m Omo na§nam go BÝh| àmá Wr Ÿ& amJmpË_H$^{º$ H$s Amoa Vwbgr H$m PwH$md A{YH$ Wm Ÿ&

^{º$ Ho$ {bE nm±M gmYZm| H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡ -

1) _mZd eara - eara Ho$ {~Zm ^{º$ hmo hr Zht gH$Vr -

~‹S>o mJ _mZwf VZwnmdm, gwaXwb© g~ J«§WpÝh Jmdm Ÿ&&

2) lÕm Am¡a {dídmg - Vwbgr Zo H$hm - lÕm Ho$ {~Zm Y_© g§ d Zht h¡ Ÿ&

Bg {bE CÝhm|Zo lÕm {dídmg ê$nr h[a H$s d§XZm H$s h¡ Ÿ&

11

3) {ZíN>bVm Am¡a bmoH$ godm - {Z_©b _Z OZ gmo _moqh nmdm Ÿ&

{OgH$m _Z {Z_©b h¡ dhr _wPo àmá H$a gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

4) ^{º$ _| {ddoH$ Am¡a d¡am½` H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡ Ÿ&

OmZo {~Zw Z hmoB© naVrVr, {~Zw naVrVr hmoB© Zht àr{V Ÿ&

5) à^w ào_, Zm_ On Am¡a gË§gJ na Vwbgr Zo Omoa XoVo hþE H$hm -

{_b{h Z aKwn{V {~Zw AZwamJ Ÿ&

à^wào_ H$s A{Zdm`© Amdí`H$Vm na Vwbgr Zo Omoa {X`m h¡ -

gV²g§J{V _wX _§Jb_ybm, gmoB© \$b {g{Y gmYZ _ybm Ÿ&

"gmpËdH$ ào_ ê$nm' - ^{º$ Ho$ gmW ào_ H$m Jham g§~§Y h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo ^{º$ Ho$ gmWAZwamJ AWm©V² ào_ H$m hmoZm A{Zdm`© _mZm h¡ Ÿ& AnZo AmamÜ` Ho$ à{V ào_mg{º$ H$s mdZm H$mo ì`º$H$aVo hþE CÝhm|Zo H$hm h¡ -

H$m{_{h Zm[a {n`m[a {O{_ bmo{^qh {à` {O{_ Xm_ Ÿ&

{V{_ aKwZmW {ZaÝVa {à` bmJhþ _mo{h am_ Ÿ&&

- Oo{h Ho$ Oo{h à{V gË` gZohþ, gmo Vo{h {_bB Z H$Nw> g§Xohÿ Ÿ&

Vwbgr Zo öX` nj na {deof Omoa {X`m h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo ~w{ÕdmX Am¡a öX`dmX H$m gwÝXagmm_§Oñ` {H$`m Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo ^{º$ _| AÛ¡V _V H$mo ^br^m§{V AnZm {b`m h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo ñdrH$mam {H$AÛ¡VdmX Ho$ Ûmam am_ Am¡a ahr_ H$s EH$Vm ñWm{nV hmo gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ& gm wÁ` _w{º$ Bg {gÕm§V H$s ImgMrO h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ -

h[a godH${h Z ã`m{n A{dÚm Ÿ&

à^w ào[aV ì`mnB Vo{h {dÚm Ÿ&

öX`dmX H$s nhbr {deofVm h¡ A{^b{fV {df` H$s Amoa bJZ Ÿ& Xygar {deofVm h¡_Zmo~b (à{VHy$b n[apñW{V`m| _| A{dMbVm) Vrgar h¡ d¡am½` Ÿ& bmoH$Y_© H$s Amdí`H$Vm {ddoH$H$s h¡ Am¡a d¡am½` H$s r h¡ Ÿ& dhr {dídY_© H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& d¡am½` Ho$ {~Zm {díd _| nŠH$s em§{VñWm{nV Zht hmo gH$Vr Ÿ& Vwbgr H$m `h g§Xoe AË`§V _hËdnyU© h¡ Ÿ&

Xygar Amoa `h gZmVZ {hÝXyY_© H$m {dewÕ ê$n h¡ Ÿ&

lw{V{d©{^Þ ñ_¥V`mo {d{^Þ:

Z¡H$mo_w{Z`©ñ`dM: à_mU§

Y_©ñ` VËd, {Z{hV§ Jwhm`m§

12

_hmOZ oZ JV: nÝWm: Ÿ&

^maVr` AmMm`m] Zo Y_© H$m ì`mnH$ AW© {b`m h¡ Ÿ& gZmVZ {hÝXyY_© _| ^maVr` g§ñH¥${VAm¡a _mZdY_© XmoZm| H$m _ob h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo A{Ib g§gma Ho$ O‹S>,MoVZ g^r nXmWm] H$m gå_mZ XoVo hþEH$hm h¡ -

O‹S>MoVZ OJ Ord OV, gH$b am__` Om{Z Ÿ&

~§XC± g~Ho$ nX H$_b gXm Omo[a OwJ nm{Z Ÿ&&

Xygar Amoa eyÐ H$mo _hËd XoVo hþE H$hm -

ñdnM I~a Ig O_Z O‹S> nm±da H$mob {H$amV Ÿ&

am_ H$hV nmdZ na_ hmoV wdZ {d»`mV Ÿ&&

1.3 Vwbgr H$m gwYmaH$ ê$n : Vwbgr Ho$ g_` _| gm_m{OH$ {dg§J{V`m§ Mb ahr Wt Ÿ& gm_m{OH$ {dg§J{V`m§, hrZmdñWm

go Vwbgr nr{‹S>V Wo Ÿ& gm_m{OH$ gwì`dñWm hoVw do dUm©l_ Y_© H$s à{Vð>m AË`§V Amdí`H$ g_PVoWo Ÿ& VV²H$mbrZ g_mO H$m M[aÌ db õmg hmo ahm Wm Ÿ& Ym{_©H$ n[apñW{V H$s Ñ{ï> go XoIm Om` VmoCg g_` CnmgZm Am¡a H$_© _| g_Ýd` Zht Wm Ÿ& nmI§S>, AmS>§~a, {_Ï`m gJwU H$m Zm_ boH$a OZVmH$mo «_ _| S>mb H$a bmoJ AnZm ñdmW© gmYZ H$a aho Wo Ÿ& Omo Vwbgr H$mo ghZ Zht hþAm Ÿ& Xm[aÐ` H$mñdÀN>§X gm_«mÁ` ì`má Wm Ÿ& Xw{^©jm| Zo OZVm H$mo g§ÌñV H$a {X`m Wm Ÿ&

doXmZwHy$b eãXm| Am¡a ^mdm| Ho$ Ûmam hr _mZd Y_© H$s MMm© H$aHo$ am_mdVma na nyU© {Zð>màH$Q> H$amVo hþE Vwbgr Zo gZmVZ {hÝXyY_© Ho$ ^maVr` g§ñH¥${Vdmbo A§e H$s n`m©á ajm H$s h¡ Ÿ&gm§ñH¥${VH$ AmXmZ -àXmZ Ho$ O[aò _Zwî` g_mO na à^md S>mbm Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo _Zwî` Ho$ _Z_| "am_' {º$ H$s J§Jm ~hmH$a nr{‹S>V, g§ÌñV Om{Vnm§{V oX^md H$s g§H$sU©Vm go J«ñV _mZd g_mOHo$ H$ë`mU Ho$ {bE na§nam go am_mÙ O¡gr A_¥V g§OrdZr H$Wm gmJa H$m Aml` {b`m Am¡a na{hVHo$ g_mZ Xygam H$moB© Y_© Zht h¡, ~Vm`m Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo am_ H$Wm H$m Aml` boH$a OrdZ OrZo H$s H$bm{gImZm Mmhm Ÿ&

"VwbgrXmg am_ Ho$ AZÝ` ^º$ Wo Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo ñdmÝV:gwIm` am_ ^{º$ Ho$ CX²Jma ì`º$ {H$EWo Omo ^mdZm Ho$ Vrd« CÐoH$ Ho$ H$maU ñdV: hr H$mì` ~Z JE Ÿ&''

(Vwbgr gm{hË` Am¡a gmYZm -n¥.-21)

CÝhm|Zo na§nam H$mo {OVZm _hËd {X`m Wm CVZm hr g_gm_{`H$ g_` H$mo Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo `wJrZg§X^m] H$mo am_H$Wm go Omo‹S>H$a H$hZm Mmhm {H$ H$mì` wJ go Ag§n¥ŠV Zht h¡ Ÿ& "{g`mam__` g~ OJ

13

OmZr' H$s AZw y{V go gamdmoa hmoZo dmbm OJV H$s Cnojm H¡$go H$a gH$Vm Wm ? CÝhm|Zo bmoH$_V H$mo_hËd {X`m Ÿ& "àmH¥$>VOZ JwZJmZ' H$h H$a CÝhm|Zo dmUr H$s AmamYZm H$aVo hþE H$hm "gwag[a g_ g~H$h±{hV hmoB©' Ÿ& Bggo h ñnï> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ H${d AmË_H|${ÐV H¡$go hmo gH$Vm Wm Ÿ& CÝh| EH$ {dembOZg_mO H$s qMVm ~Zr ahr Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo ñdmÝV:gwIm` H$mo bmoH$gwIm` _mZm Ÿ& nanr‹S>m go CZH$m öX`Ð{dV hþAm h¡ Ÿ& Bgr go hr ^{º$ H$m òmoV {ZH$bm h¡ Ÿ& gm_m{OH$ XwamdñWm go ò H$m\$s qM{VV Wo Ÿ&{OZH$m {ddoMZ H$aZm CZHo$ {bE H$må` hmo J`m Wm Ÿ&

Vwbgr Ho$ g_` Xoe H$s amOZr{VH$ n[apñW{V gwYar hþB© Zht Wr Ÿ& OZVm _wgb_mZ emgH$m|Ûmam nr{‹S>V Wr Ÿ& {hÝXwAm| na "O{O`m' H$a Vmo bJm`m J`m Wm Ÿ& gmW hr AÝ` H$a ^r CÝh| XoZm n‹S>ahm Wm Ÿ& AÝ` H$a ma go {hÝXyOZVm H$m emofU hmoVm Wm Ÿ& Vwbgr Bg ì`dñWm H$mo XoIH$a nr{‹S>V WoAm¡a amOmAm| H$m AmXe© Š`m hmoZm Mm{hE CÝhm|Zo AnZr aMZm _| g§Ho$V H$aVo hþE H$hm h¡ -

""~agV hagV bmoJ g~ H$afV bI¡ Z H$moB Ÿ&

Vwbgr àOm gw mJ Vo yn ^mZw gmo hmoB Ÿ&& (Xmo. 708)

AnZr Hw$Mmbm| go Cg g_` Ho$ emgH$m| Zo Zr{V, {dídmg, ào_, _`m©Xm Am{X H$mo O¡go AnZoeãXH$mof go hr {ZH$mb {X`m Wm Ÿ& CZ_| ñdmW© Ed§ m¡{VH$ gwIm| H$s {bßgm AZw{XZ d¥{Õ nm ahr Wr Ÿ&àOm Ho$ à{V emgH$m| H$s AZwXmaVm Am¡a H$R>moaVm H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE Vwbgr Zo H$hm h¡ -

H$mb H$amb, Z¥nmb H¥$nmb Z, amO g_mO ~‹S>mo N>br h¡ Ÿ&&

(H${dVmdbr - 6-85)

amdU Ho$ AË`mMmam| Ho$ O[aò Cg g_` Ho$ emgH$m| Ûmam àOmAm| H$m Omo AË`mMma hmo ahmWm Cg H$m gwÝXa dU©Z Vwbgr Zo {H$`m h¡ -

H$a{h CnÐd Agwa {ZH$m`m, ZmZm ê$n Ya{h H$[a H$m`m Ÿ&&

* * *

Vwbgr Ho$ g_` _| Xm[aÐ` H$m gm_«mÁ` ì`má Wm Ÿ& VV²H$mbrZ Xw{^©jm| Zo OZVm H$mo Am¡a rg§ÌñV H$a {X`m Wm Ÿ& {OgH$m H${dVmdbr _| AZoH$ N>§Xm| _| dU©Z {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&

g_mO H$s {dûm¥§Ibm, AZ¡{VH$Vm Am¡a hrZmdñWm _| Vwbgr H$m öX` AË`§V nr{‹S>V Wm Ÿ& dog_mO H$s CÎm_ ì`dñWm hoVw dUm©l_ Y_© H$s à{Vð>m AË`§V Amdí`H$ g_PVo Wo Ÿ& Omo Cg g_`Y_© Ho$ à{Vð>mnH$ Wo do bmo bmbM _| brZ hmo JE Wo Ÿ&

H${b H$m Zm_ boH$a CÝhm|Zo Cg g_` H$s gm_m{OH$ pñW{V H$m Omo OrdÝV dU©Z {H$`m h¡dh AË`§V __© oXr h¡ Ÿ& `h A§e H$m\$s hX VH$ "^mJdV J«§W' go à^m{dV h¡ Ÿ& Cg g_` M[aÌ ~bH$m õmg hmo ahm Wm Ÿ& {_Ï`m X§ _| brZ g§V Bg Amoa Ü`mZ Zht Xo aho Wo Ÿ& gXmMma, XmZ, X`m, {ddoH$

14

Am{X gX²JwUm| H$m bmoJm| Zo n[aË`mJ H$a {X`m Wm Ÿ& Bg Z¡{VH$ nVZ H$mo XoIH$a Vwbgr Ho$ öX` Zoì`Wm ar dmUr àXmZ H$s Ÿh¡ Ÿ&

Vwbgr Ho$ g_` _| kmZ, CnmgZm Am¡a H$_© _| g_Ýd` Zht ahZo Ho$ H$maU Ym{_©H$ Ñ{ï> go{dKQ>Z {XImB© XoZo bJm Wm Ÿ& kmZ H$m CnXoe XoZo dmbo hR> moJr {gÕm| Am¡a Vm§{ÌH$m| Zo AnZr AX² wV{H«$`m Ûmam OZVm H$mo nW-^«ï> H$a {X`m Wm Ÿ& AmS>§~a VWm {_Ï`m àXe©Zm| Ûmam Y_© H$m _yb AmYma{hb J`m Wm Ÿ& BZ gmar n[apñW{V`m| H$mo XoIH$a Vwbgr H$m öX` AË`§V jmo J«ñV Wm Ÿ& Vwbgr H$hVoh¢ -

H$a_ CnmgZm Hw$~mgZm {~Zma`mo ½`mZw,

~MZ, {damJ ~of OJV hamo-gmo h¡ Ÿ&

JmoaI OJm`mo OmoJw ^J{V ^J`mo bmoJw,

{ZJ_ {Z`moJ V| gm| Ho${b hr N>amo gmo h¡ Ÿ&& (H$. 7/84)

Cg g_` Ym{_©H$ YmamAm| _| _VôX Wm Ÿ& e¡d Am¡a d¡îUd nañna Ðmoh aIVo Wo Ÿ& {OgH$sAmoa Vwbgr H$m Ü`mZ J`m Am¡a CÝhm|Zo am_ H$mo {ed H$m VWm {ed H$mo am_ H$m º$ ~Vm H$a g_Ýd`ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m g\$b à`mg {H$`m Ÿ& amoJ VWm XwîH$mb H$mo XoIH$a Vwbgr H$m öX` Xw{IV hþAmAm¡a OZVm H$mo Bggo _w{º$ {XbmZo Ho$ {bE CÝhm|Zo am_, e§H$a Am¡a hZw_mZ go àmW©Zm H$s h¡ Ÿ& EH$ gƒmam_ ^º$ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Vwbgr Zo g_`mZwHy$b g_mO H$mo gwYmaZo H$m g`ËZ à`mg {H$`m Ÿ& VwbgrAnZo g_` Ho$ ~hþV ~‹S>o g_mO gwYmaH$ Wo Am¡a AnZr aMZmAm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go CÝhm|Zo Omo g_Ýd` H$s{damQ> Moï>m H$s dh gamhZr` h¡ Am¡a AnZo Amn _| AZmoIr h¡ Ÿ&

1.4 Xme©{ZH$ {dMma :Vwbgr AnZo g_` Ho$ gd©loð> º$ H${d h¢ Ÿ& do {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXr H${d Ho$ ê$n _| à{V{ð>V h¢ Ÿ&

CÝhm|Zo AnZo H$mì` _| {ZJw©U Am¡a gJwU _| g_Ýd` ñWm{nV H$aHo$ AÛ¡VdmX H$mo r g_W©Z {H$`m Ÿ&

Vwbgr Zo H$hm -"" B©ída A§e Ord A{dZmgr' Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo goì` godH$ md H$s {º$ go _w{º$Ho$ _mJ© H$mo àeñV {H$`m Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo r OJV H$mo ^«_mË_H$ _mZm Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo H$hm {H$ Ord Am¡a B©ídaHo$ ~rM _m`m dmYH$ h¡ Ÿ& Bggo _Zwî` H$mo gMoV ahZm Mm{hE Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ g_J« g§gma _| _m`m ì`má h¡Am¡a Ordm| H$mo dh «{_V H$aVr ahVr h¡ Ÿ& Hw$N> bmoJ {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXr Am¡a Hw$N> bmoJ AÛ¡VdmXr H$hVoh¢ Ÿ& h ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ Š`m|{H$ CÝhm|Zo AnZo J«§W _| AZoH$ ñWbm| _| XmoZm| H$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& _m`m Ho$~mao _| CÝhm|Zo H$hm h¡ -

O¡go ì`m{n aho g§gma _hþ _m`m H$Q>H$ àM§S> Ÿ&&

15

gmo _m`m~g naoC> JmogmBª''Am{X Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma do e§H$amMm`© Ho$ AÛ¡VdmX go à^m{dV hmoZo na ^r am_mZÝX H$s qMVZ na§nam _|{d{eîQ>mÛ¡VdmX go r à^m{dV Wo Ÿ&

1.5 H$bmnj :H$mì` H$bm H$s Ñ{ï> go Vwbgr EH$ AmXe© H${d h¢ Ÿ& AZw y{V`m| H$s geº$ A{^ì`{º$ XoZo

_| Vwbgr A{ÛVr` h¢ Ÿ& CZH$s gO©ZmË_H$Vm AË`§V à{V^mnyU© h¡ Ÿ& AdYr Am¡a ~O« mfm XmoZm| Ho$à`moJ _| H${d {gÕhñV Wo Ÿ& àmMrZ H$mì` e¡br H$mo CÝhm|Zo AnZm`m h¡ Ÿ& CZH$s à~§Y nQw>Vm VWmaMZm Hw$ebVm gamhZr` h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo MbVr Am ahr N>§X nÕ{V`m| H$mo AnZm H$a AnZr à{V^m Ho$ ~bna CZH$m Hw$ebVm Ho$ gmW AnZo H$mì`m| _| à`moJ {H$`m Omo N>§X AË`§V bmoH$àM{bV Wo Ÿ& O¡gog~¡ m, Ôßn`, Xmohm, Mm¡nmB©, H${dÎm, ~a~¡ Am{X N>§Xm| H$mo CÝhm|Zo AnZm`m Am¡a CZH$m AnZo H$mì`m| _|`Wm ñWmZ à`moJ r {H$`m Ÿ& à~§Y H$mì` na§nam VWm _wº$H$ H$mì` na§nam H$mo CÝhm|Zo gå_mZ {X`m Ÿ&{dZ`-n{ÌH$m ^{º$ H$m AI§S> gmJa h¡ Vmo lram_M[aV _mZg kmZ Am¡a ^{º$ H$m AZwn_ goVw Ÿ&b^J_ g^r agm| H$m n[anmH$ CZHo$ H$mì` _| g\$bVm Ho$ gmW hþAm h¡ Ÿ& am_ H$s H$Wm H$mo hr CÝhm|ZoAnZo H$mì`m| H$m CnOrì` ~Zm`m Am¡a g_J« H$Wm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go gmar ~mV| g_oQZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s Ÿ&Vwbgr Bg Ñ{ï> go ^{º$H$mb H$s gJwUYmam _| gd©loð> H${d H$m AmgZ Ab§H¥$V H$aVo h¢ Ÿ&

^mfm H$s Ñ{ï> go XoIm Om` Vmo do AHo$bo Eogo aMZmH$ma h¢ - {OÝhm|Zo AdYr Am¡a ~«O« XmoZm|^mfmAm| na g_mZ A{YH$ma àmá {H$`m Ÿ& g§ñH¥$V ^mfm Ho$ à{V CÝhm|Zo J^ra lÕm àH$Q> H$s Am¡aH$m{bXmgr` na§nam H$mo gå_mZ XoVo hþE g§ñH¥$V _| aMZm H$s Am¡a AnZo nm§{S>Ë` H$m r àXe©Z {H$`m Ÿ&MmhVo Vmo g§ñH¥$V _| r {bI gH$Vo Wo bo{H$Z CÝhm|Zo bmoH$^mfm H$mo _hËd XoZm Mmhm Omo Cg g_` H$sOZVm H$s _m§J Wr Ÿ& ghO , gab Am¡a ~moY^å` ~Zm H$a n«dh_mZ Ob-g_mZ ^mfm ~ZmZo H$sH$mo{ee H$s Am¡a g\$b r aho Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo g^r mfmAm| go CnmXmZ boH$a AnZr dmUr H$mo g_¥Õ ~mZmZoH$s Moï>m H$s Ÿ&

N>§X H$s Ñ{ï> go CZH$mo h_ {OVZm _hÎd XoVo h¢ ; Ab§H$ma H$s Ñ{ï> go ^r CVZm _hÎd XoVoh¢ Ÿ&

1.6 Ab§H$ma :eãXmb§H$ma Am¡a AWm©b§H$ma Ho$ à`moJ _| do g\$b aho h¢ Ÿ& bo{H$Z Cn_m, ê$nH$, CËàojm,

Ñï>m§V, A{Ve`mo{º$ Am{X Ab§H$mam| H$m CÝhm|Zo AnZo H$mì` _| g\$bVmnyd©H$ à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgremó na§nam Ho$ gmW bmoH$na§nam H$mo A{YH$ _hËd XoVo Wo Ÿ& {OgHo$ H$maU CZH$s à{V^m AmO ^rA_{bZ h¡ Ÿ&

16

1.7 lram_M[aV _mZg

(CÎma H$mÊS>)

íbmo. - Ho$H$sH$§R>m^Zrb§ gwa ~a{~bg{ÛànmXmãO{M•§

emo mT>ç§ nrVdó§ ga{gOZZ`Z§ gd©Xm gwgÞ_² Ÿ&

nmUm¡ ZmamMMmn§ H${n{ZH$a`wV§ ~§YwZm goì`_mZ§

Zm¡_rS>ç§ OmZH$se§ aKw~a_{Ze§ nwînH$mê$T>am__² Ÿ&&

H$moeboÝÐnXH§$O_§Owbm¡ H$mo_bmãO _hoed§{XVm¡

OmZH$sH$agamoOb{bVm¡ qMVH$ñ` _Z ¥§Jg§{JZm¡ Ÿ&&

Hw§$XB§XwXaJm¡agw§Xa§ A§{~H$mn{V_^rï>{g{ÕÐ>_² Ÿ&

H$méUrH$ H$bH§$ObmoMZ§ Zm¡q_ e§H$a_Z§J_moMZ_² Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ahm EH$ {XZ A~{Y H$a A{V AmaV nwa bmoJ Ÿ&

Oh± Vh± gmoM{h§ Zm[a Za H¥$gVZw am_ {~`moJ Ÿ&&

gJwZ hmoqh gwÝXa gH$b _Z àgÞ g~ Ho$a Ÿ&

à^w AmJ~Z OZmd OZw ZmJa aå` Mh±þ \o$a Ÿ&&

H$m¡gë`m{X _mVw g~ _Z AZ§X Ag hmoB Ÿ&

AmEC à^w lr AZwO OwV H$hZ MhV A~ H$moB Ÿ&&

âV Z`Z ^wO XpÀN>Z \$aH$V ~maqh ~ma Ÿ&

Om{Z gJwZ _Z haf A{V bmJo H$aZ {~Mma Ÿ&&

ahoC EH$ {XZ Ad{Y AYmam Ÿ& g_wPV _Z XwI EC Anmam Ÿ&&

H$maZ H$~Z ZmW Zqh AmEC Ÿ& Om{Z Hw${Q>b {H$Ym¢ _moqh {~gamEC Ÿ&&

Ahh YÝ` b{N>_Z ~‹S> mJr Ÿ& am_ nXmaq~Xw AZwamJr Ÿ&&

H$nQ>r Hy${Q>b _mo{h à^w MrÝhm Ÿ& Vm V| ZmW g§J Zqh brÝhm Ÿ&&

Om¡ H$aZr g_wP¡ à^w _moar Ÿ& Zqh {ZñVma H$bn gV H$moar Ÿ&&

OZ AdJwZ à^w _mZ Z H$mD$ Ÿ& XrZ~§Yw A{V _¥Xwb gw mD$ Ÿ&&

_moa| {OA± âmog Ñ‹T> gmoB© Ÿ& {_{bhqh am_w gJwZ gw hmoB© Ÿ&&

17

~rVo Ad{Y ahqh Om¡ àmZm Ÿ& AY_ H$dZ OJ _mo{h g_mZm Ÿ&&

Xm|. - am_ {~ah gmJa _h± âV _JZ _Z hmoV Ÿ&

{~à ê$n Y[a ndZgwV AmB JEC OZw nmoV Ÿ&&

~¡R>o Xo{I Hw$gmgZ OQ>m _wHw$Q> H¥$g JmV Ÿ&

am_ am_ aKwn{V OnV òdV Z`Z ObOmV Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

XoIV hZy_mZ A{V hafoC Ÿ& nwbH$ JmV bmoMZ Obw ~afoC Ÿ&&

_Z _h±þ ~hþV m±{V gwI _mZr Ÿ& ~moboC g«dZ gwYm g_ ~mZr Ÿ&&

Omgw {~ah gmoMhþ {XZw amVr Ÿ& aQ>hþ {Za§Va JwZ JZ nm±Vr Ÿ&&

aKwHw$b{VbH$ gmo OZ gwIXmVm Ÿ& AmEC Hw$gb Xod _w{Z ÌmVm Ÿ&&

[anw aZ Or{V gwOg gwa JmdV Ÿ& grVm AZwO g{hV nwa AmdV Ÿ&&

gwZV ~MZ {~gao g~ XyIm Ÿ& V¥fmd§V {O{_ nmB {n`yfm Ÿ&&

H$mo Vwåh VmV H$hm± V| AmE Ÿ& _mo{h na_ {à` ~MZ gwZmE Ÿ&&

_méVgwV _¢ H${n hZw_mZm Ÿ& Zm_ _moa gwZw H¥$nm{ZYmZm Ÿ&&

XrZ~§Yw aKwn{V H$a qH$H$a Ÿ& gwZV âV _|Q>oC C{R> gmXa Ÿ&&

{_bV ào_w Zqh öX`± g_mVm Ÿ& Z`Z òdV Ob nwb{H$V JmVm Ÿ&&

H${n Vd Xag gH$b XwI ~rVo Ÿ& {_bo AmOw _mo{h am_w {narVo Ÿ&&

~ma ~ma ~yPr Hw$gbmVm Ÿ& Vmo H$h±þ XoC± H$mh gwZw «mVm Ÿ&&

`h g§Xog C[aZ _¢ Vmohr Ÿ&A~ à^w M[aV gwZm~hþ _mohr Ÿ&&

V~ hZw_§V ZmB nX _mWm Ÿ& H$ho gH$b aKwn{V JwZ JmWm Ÿ&&

H$hw H${n H$~h±þ H¥$nmbw JwgmBª Ÿ& gw{_aqh _mo{h Xmg H$s ZmBª Ÿ&&

N>.- {ZO Xmg Á`m| aKwd§g yfZ H$~h±þ __ gw{_aZ H$a² m¡ Ÿ&

gwZ âV ~MZ {~ZrV A{V H${n nwb{H$ VZ MaZpÝh na² m¡ Ÿ&&

aKw~ra {ZO _wI JwZ JZ H$hV AJ OJ ZmW Omo Ÿ&

H$mho Z hmoB {~ZrV na_ nwZrV gXJwZ qgYw gmo Ÿ&&

Xmo. - am_ àmZ {à` ZmW Vwåh gË` ~MZ __ VmV Ÿ&

nw{Z nw{Z {_bV âV gw{Z haf Z öX`± g_mV Ÿ&&

18

gmo. - âV MaZ {gé ZmB Vw[aV JEC H${n am_ nqh Ÿ&

H$hr Hw$gb g~ OmB h[af MboC à^w OmZ M{‹T> Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

ha{f aV H$mogbnwa AmE Ÿ& g_mMma g~ Jwaqh gwZmE Ÿ&&

nw{Z _§{Xa _h± ~mV OZmB© Ÿ& Am~V ZJa Hw$gb aKwamB© Ÿ&&

gwZV gH$b OZZr C{R> YmBª Ÿ& H${h à^w Hw$gb âV g_wPmBª Ÿ&&

g_mMma nwa~m{gÝh nmE Ÿ& Za Aé Zm[a ha{f g~ YmE Ÿ&&

X{Y Xw~m© amoMZ \$b \y$bm Ÿ& Zd VwbgrXb _§Jb _ybm Ÿ&&

^[a [a ho_ Wma m{_Zr Ÿ& mdV Mqb qgYwJm{_Zr Ÿ&&

Oo O¡goqh V¡goqh C{R> Ymdqh Ÿ& ~mb d¥Õ H$h±þ g§J Z bm~qh Ÿ&&

EH$ EH$Ýh H$h±þ ~yPqh ^mB© Ÿ& Vwåh XoIo X`mb aKwamB© Ÿ&&

AdYnwar à^w AmdV OmZr Ÿ& B© gH$b gmo m H¡$ ImZr Ÿ&&

~hB gwhmdZ {Ì{dY g_ram Ÿ& B gaOy$ A{V {Z_©b Zram Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ha{fV Jwa n[aOZ AZwO ^ygwa ~¥§X g_oV Ÿ&

Mbo âV _Z ào_ A{V gÝ_wI H¥$nm {ZHo$V Ÿ&&

~hþVH$ M‹T>r AQ>m[aÝh {ZaIqh JJZ {~_mZ Ÿ&

Xo{I _Ywa gwa ha{fV H$aqh gw_§b JmZ Ÿ&&

amH$m g{g aKwn{V nwa Ÿ& qgYw Xo{I hafmZ Ÿ&

~‹T>oC H$mobmhb H$aV OZw Zm[a Va§J g_mZ Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

Bhm± ^mZwHy$b H$_b {X~mH$a Ÿ& H${nÝh XoImdV ZJé _Zmoha Ÿ&&

gwZw H$nrg A§JX b§Ho$gm Ÿ& nmdZ nwar é{Ma `h Xogm Ÿ&&

OÚ{n g~ ~¡Hw§$R> ~ImZm Ÿ& ~oX nwamZ {~{XV OJ OmZm Ÿ&&

AdY g[ag {à` _moqh Z gmoD$ Ÿ& `h àg§J OmZB H$moC H$moD$ Ÿ&&

OÝ_^y{_ __ nwar gwhm~{Z Ÿ& CÎma {X{g ~h ga`y nm~{Z Ÿ&&

Om _‚mZ V| {~Zqh à`mgm Ÿ& __ g_rn Za nm~qh ~mgm Ÿ&&

A{V {à` _mo{h Bhm± Ho$ ~mgr Ÿ& __ Ym_Xm nwar gwIamgr Ÿ&&

hafo g~ H${n gw{Z à^w ~mZr Ÿ& YÝ` AdY Omo am_ ~ImZr Ÿ&&

19

Xmo. - AmdV Xo{I à^w bmoJ g~ H¥$nmqgYw J~mZ Ÿ&

ZJa {ZH$Q> à^w àoaoC CVaoC y{_ {~_mZ Ÿ&&

CV[a H$hoC à^w nwînH${h Vwåh Hw$~oa n{h Omhþ Ÿ&

ào[aV am_ MboC gmo haf {~ah A{V Vmhþ Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

AmE âV g§J g~ bmoJm Ÿ& H¥$g VZ lr aKw~ra {~`moJm Ÿ&&

~m_Xod ~{gð> _w{ZZm`H$ Ÿ& XoIo à^w _{h Y[a YZw gm`H$ Ÿ&&

YmB Yao Jwa MaZ gamoéh Ÿ& AZwO g{hV A{V nwbH$ VZmoéh Ÿ&&

^|{Q> Hw$gb ~yPr _w{Zam`m Ÿ& h_ao Hw$gb Vwåhm[a{h Xm`m Ÿ&&

gH$b {ÛOÝh {_{b ZmEC _mWm Ÿ& Ya_ Ywa§Ya aKwHw$b ZmWm Ÿ&&

Jho âV nw{Z à^w nX n§H$O Ÿ& Z_V {OÝh{h gwa g§H$a AO Ÿ&&

nao ^y{_ Zqh CR>V CR>mE Ÿ& ~a H$[a H¥$nmqgYw Ca bmE Ÿ&&

ñ`m_b JmV amo_ â R>m‹T>o Ÿ& Zd amOrd Z`Z Ob ~m‹T>o Ÿ&&

N>§. - amOrd bmoMZ òdV Ob VZ b{bV nwbH$m~{b ~Zr Ÿ&

A{V ào_ öX` bJmB AZwO{h {_bo à^w {Ì^wdZ YZr Ÿ&&

à^w {_bV AZwO{h gmo _mo nqh Om{V Zqh Cn_m H$hr Ÿ&

OZw ào_ Aé qgJma VZw Y[a {_bo ~a gwf_m bhr Ÿ&&

~yPV H¥$nm{Z{Y Hw$gb aV{h dMZ ~o{J Z AmdBª Ÿ&

gwZw {g~m gmo gwI dMZ _Z V| {^Þ OmZ Omo nmdBª Ÿ&&

A~ Hw$eb H$mogbZmW AmaV Om{Z OZ XagZ {X`mo Ÿ&

~y‹S>V {~ah ~marg H¥$nm{ZYmZ _mo{h H$a J{h {b`mo Ÿ&&

Xmo. - nw{Z à^w ha{f gÌwhZ ^|Q>o öX` bJmB Ÿ&

b{N>_Z âV {_bo V~ na_ ào_ XmoC ^mB Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

âVmZwO b{N>_Z nw{Z ^|Q>o Ÿ& Xwgh {dah g§ d XwI _oQ>o Ÿ&&

grVm MaZ âV {gé Zmdm Ÿ& AZwO g_oV na_ gwI nmdm Ÿ&&

à^w {~bmo{H$ hafoo nwa~mgr Ÿ& O{ZV {~`moJ {~n{V g~ Zmgr Ÿ&&

ào_mVwa g~ bmoJ {Zhmar Ÿ& H$m¡VwH$ H$sÝh H¥$nmb Iamar Ÿ&&

A{_V ê$n àJQ>o Voqh H$mbm Ÿ& OWmOmoJ {_bo g~{h H¥$nmbm Ÿ&&

20

H¥$nmÑ{ï> aKw~ra {~bmoH$s Ÿ& {H$E gH$b Za Zm[a {~gmoH$s Ÿ&&

N>Z _h± g~qh {_bo JdmZm Ÿ& C_m _a_ h H$mhþ Z OmZm Ÿ&&

ò{h {~{Y g~{h gwIr H$[a am_m Ÿ& AmJo Mbo grb JwZ Ym_m Ÿ&&

H$m¡gë`m{X _mVw g~ YmBª Ÿ& {Za{I ~ÀN> OZw YoZw b~mBª Ÿ&&

N>§.. - OZw YoZw ~mbH$ ~ÀN> V{O J¥h MaZ ~Z na~g JBª Ÿ&

{XZ A§Vnwa éI òdV WZ h§þH$ma H$[a YmdV ^Bª Ÿ&&

A{V ào_ à^w g~ _mVw oQ>t ~MZ _¥Xw ~hþ {~{Y H$ho Ÿ&&

JB {df_ {dn{V {d`moJ^d {VÝh Ÿ haf gwI AJ{ZV bho Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ^|Q>oC VZ` gw{_Ìm am_MaZ a{V Om{Z Ÿ&

am_{h {_bV H¡$H$B öX`± ~hþV gHw$Mm{Z Ÿ&&

b{N>_Z g~ _mVÝh {_{b hafo Am{gg nmB &

H¡$H$B H$h± nw{Z nw{Z {_bo _Z H$a N>mo Z OmB Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&

gmgwÝh g~{Z {_br ~¡Xohr Ÿ& MaZpÝh bm{J hagw A{V Vohr Ÿ&&

Xoqh Agrg ~y{P Hw$gbmVm Ÿ& hmoC AMb Vwåhma A{h~mVm Ÿ&&

g~ aKwn{V _wI H$_b {~bmoH$qh Ÿ& _§Jb Om{Z Z`Z Ob amoH$qh Ÿ&&

H$ZH$ Wma AmaVr CVmaqh Ÿ& ~ma ~ma à^w JmV {Zhmaqh Ÿ&&

ZmZm m±{V {ZN>m~a H$aht Ÿ& na_mZÝX haf Ca aht Ÿ&&

H$m¡gë`m nw{Z nw{Z aKw~ra{h Ÿ& {MVdV H¥$nmqgYw aZYra{h Ÿ&&

öX`± {~Mma[V ~ma{h ~mam Ÿ& H$dZ m±{V b§H$mn{V _mam Ÿ&&

A{V gwHw$_ma OwJb __ ~mao Ÿ& {Z{gMa gw Q> _hm ~b ^mao Ÿ&&

Xmo. - b{N>_Z Aé grVm g{hV à^w{h {~bmoH${V _mVw Ÿ&

na_mZÝX _JZ _Z nw{Z nw{Z nwb{H$V JmVw Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

b§H$mn{V H$nrg Zb Zrbm Ÿ& Om_d§V A§JX gw grbm Ÿ&&

hZw_Xm{X g~ ~mZa ~ram Ÿ& Yao _Zmoha _ZwO garam Ÿ&&

âV gZohþ grb ~«V Zo_m Ÿ& gmXa g~ ~aZ{h A{V ào_m Ÿ&&

Xo{I ZJa ~m{gÝh H¢$ arVr Ÿ& gH$b gamhqh à^wnX àrVr Ÿ&&

nw{Z aKwn{V g~ gIm ~mobmE Ÿ& _w{Z nX bmJhþ gH$b {gImE Ÿ&&

21

Jwa ~{gð> Hw$bnyÁ` h_mao Ÿ& BÝhH$s H¥$nm XZwO aZ _mao Ÿ&&

ò g~ gIm gwZhþ _w{Z _oao Ÿ& Ê g_a gmJa H$h±þ ~oao Ÿ&&

__ {hV bm{J OÝ_ BÝh hmao Ÿ& âVhþ± V| _mo{h A{YH$ {nAmao Ÿ&&

Xmo. - H$m¡gë`m Ho$ MaZ{Ýh nw{Z {VÝh ZmEC _mW Ÿ&

Am{gf XrÝho ha{f Vwåh {à` __ {O{_ aKwZmW Ÿ&&

gw_Z ~¥{ï> Z^ g§Hw$b ^dZ Mbo gwIH§$X Ÿ&

M‹T>r AQ>m[aÝh XoI{h ZJa Zm[a Za ~¥§X Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

H§$MZ - H$bg {~{MÌ g§±dmao Ÿ& g~qh Yao g{O {ZO {ZO Ûmao Ÿ&&

~§X{Zdma nVmH$m Ho$Vy Ÿ& g~pÝh ~ZmE _§Jb hoVw Ÿ&&

~rWt gH$b gwJ§Y qgMmB© Ÿ& JO_{Z a{M ~hþ Mm¡H$ nwamB© Ÿ&&

ZmZm m±{V gw_§Jb gmOo Ÿ& ha{f ZJa {ZgmZ ~hþ ~mOo Ÿ&&

Oh± Vh± Zm[a {ZN>mda H$aht Ÿ& Xoqh Agrg haf Ca âht Ÿ&&

H§$MZ Wma AmaVr ZmZm Ÿ& Ow~Vr gO| H$aqh gw JmZm Ÿ&&

H$aqh AmaVr Ama{Vha H|$ Ÿ& aKwHw$b H$_b {~{nZ {XZH$a H|$ Ÿ&&

nwa emo m g§n{V H$ë`mZm Ÿ& {ZJ_ gof gmaXm ~ImZm Ÿ&&

VoC `h M[aV Xo{I R>{J ahht Ÿ& C_m Vmgw JwZ Za {H${_ H$hht Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Zm[a Hw$_w{XZr A~Y ga aKwn{V {~ah {XZog Ÿ&

AñV Ê {~JgV ^Bª {Za{I am_ amHo$g Ÿ&&

hmoqh gJwZ gw {~{~Y {~{Y ~mOqh JJZ {ZgmZ Ÿ&

nwa Za Zm[a gZmW H$[a dZ Mbo JdmZ Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&

à^w OmZr H¡$H$B© bOmZr Ÿ& àW_ Vmgw J¥h JE dmZr Ÿ&&

Vm{h à~mo{Y ~hþV gwI XrÝhm Ÿ& nw{Z {ZO dZ JdZ h[a H$sÝhm Ÿ&&

H¥$nmqgYw V~ _§{Xa JE Ÿ& nwa Za Zm[a gwIr g~ Ê Ÿ&&Jwa ~{gð> {ÛO {bE ~wbmB© Ÿ& AmO gwKar gw{XZ gw XmB© Ÿ&&g~ {ÛO Xohþ ha{f AZwgmgZ Ÿ& am_MÝÐ ~¡R>qh qgKmgZ Ÿ&&_w{Z ~{gð> Ho$ ~MZ gwhmE Ÿ& gwZV gH$b {~àÝh A{V mE Ÿ&&

H$hqh ~MZ _¥Xw {~à AZoH$m Ÿ& OJ A{âm_ am_ A{^foH$m Ÿ&&

22

A~ _w{Zda {~b§~ Zqh H$sOo Ÿ& _hmamO H$h±þ {VbH$ H$arOo Ÿ&&

Xmo. - V~ _w{Z H$hoC gw_§Ì gZ gwZV MboC {ga ZmB Ÿ&

aW AZoH$ ~hþ ~m{O JO VwaV g±dmao OmB Ÿ&&

Oh± Vh± YmdZ nR>B nw{Z _§Jb Ðì` _§JmB© Ÿ&

haf g_oV ~{gð> nX nw{Z {gé ZmEC AmB Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&

AdYnwar A{V é{Ma ~ZmB© Ÿ& XodÝh gw_Z ~¥{ï> P[a bmB© Ÿ&&

am_ H$hm godH$Ýh ~mobmB© Ÿ& àW_ gIÝh AÝh~mdhþ OmB© Ÿ&&

gwZV ~MZ Oh± Vh± OZ YmE Ÿ& gwJ«rdm{X VwaV AÝhdmE Ÿ&&

nw{Z H$éZm{Z{Y aV h±H$mao Ÿ& {ZO H$a am_ OQ>m {ZéAmao Ÿ&&

AÝhdmE à^w Vr{ZC± mB© Ÿ& ^JV ~N>b H¥$nmb aKwamB© Ÿ&&

âV ^m½` à^w H$mo_bVmB© Ÿ& gof H$mo{Q> gV gH$qh Z JmB© Ÿ&&

nw{Z {ZO OQ>m am_ {~~amE Ÿ& Jwa AZwgmgZ _m±{J ZhmE Ÿ&&

H$[a _‚mZ à^w ^yfZ gmOo Ÿ& A§J AZ§J H$mo{Q> N>{~ bmO¡ Ÿ&&

Xmo. - gmgwÝh gmXa OmZ{H${h _‚mZw VwaV H$amB Ÿ&

{Xì` ~gZ ~a ^yfZ A§J A§J gOo ~ZmB Ÿ&&

am_ ~m_ {X{g gmo{^V a_m ê$n JwZ Im{Z Ÿ&

Xo{I _mVw g~ hafr Ÿ OÝ_ gw\$b {ZO Om{Z Ÿ&&

gwZw IJog Vo{h Adga ~«÷m {g~ _w{Z ~¥§X Ÿ&

M{‹T>-{~_mZ AmE g~ gwa XoIZ gwIH§$X Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&

à^w {~bmo{H$ _w{Z AZwamJm Ÿ& VwaV {Xì` qgKmgZw _m±Jm Ÿ&&

a{~ g~ VoO gmo ~a{Z Z OmB© Ÿ& ~¡R>o am_w {ÛOÝh {ga ZmB© Ÿ&&

OZH$gwVm g_oV aKwamB© Ÿ& no{I àhafo _w{Z g_wXmB© Ÿ&&

~oX _§Ì V~ {ÛOÝh CMmao Ÿ& Z^ gwa _w{Z O` O`{V nwH$mao Ÿ&&

àW_ {VbH$ ~{gð> _w{Z H$sÝhm Ÿ& nw{Z g~ {~àÝh Amògw XrÝhm Ÿ&&

gwV {~bmo{H$ haft _hVmar Ÿ& ~ma ~ma AmaVr CVmar Ÿ&&

{~àÝh XmZ {~{~Y {~{Y XrÝho Ÿ& OmMH$ gH$b AOmMH$ H$sÝho Ÿ&&

{g§KmgZ na {Ì^wdZ gmBª Ÿ& Xo{I gwaÝh Xw§X^r ~OmB© Ÿ&&

23

N>§. - Z^ Xw§Xw r ~mOqh {~nwb J§Y~© {H$Þa Jmdhr Ÿ&

ZmMqh AnN>am ~¥§X na_mZÝX gwa _w{Z nm~ht Ÿ&&

âVm{X AZwO {~^rfZm§JX hZw_Xm{X g_oV Vo Ÿ&

Jho N>Ì Mm_a ãÒZ YZw A{g M_© g{º$ {~amOVo Ÿ&&

lr g{hV {XZH$a ~§g^yfZ H$m_ ~hþ N>{~ gmohB© Ÿ&

Zd A§~wYa ~a JmV A§~a nrV _w{Z _Z _mohB© Ÿ&&

_wHw$Q>m§JXm{X {~gmb Ca ^wO YÝ` Za {ZaI§{V Oo Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ~hþ gmo m g_mO gwI H$hV Z ~ZB IJog Ÿ&

~aZB gmaX gof lw{V gmo ag OmZ _hog Ÿ&&

{^Þ {^Þ AñVw{V H$[a JE gwa {ZO {ZO Ym_ Ÿ&

~§Xr ~of ~oX V~ AmE Oh± lram_ Ÿ&&

à^w gd©k H$sÝh A{V AmXa H¥$nm{ZYmZ

bIoC Z H$mhÿ _a_ `h bJo H$aZ JwZ JmZ Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&

N>§. - O` gJwZ {ZJ©wZ ê$n ê$n AZyn ^yn {gamo_Zo Ÿ&

XgH§$Yam{X àM§S> {Z{gMa à~b Ib ^wO~b hZo Ÿ&&

AdVma Za g§gma ^ma {~^§{O XméZ XwI Xho Ÿ&

O` àZVnmb X`mb à^w g§Owº$ g{º$ Z_m_ho Ÿ&&

Vd {~f_ _m`m~g gwamga ZmJ Za AJ OJ hao Ÿ&

^d n§W «_V A{_V {Xdg {Z{g H$mb H$_© JwZpÝh âo Ÿ&&

Oo ZmW H$[a H$éZm {~bmoHo$ {Ì{~Y XwI Vo {Z~©ho Ÿ&

^d IoX N>oXZXj h_ H$h±þ aj am_ Z_m_ho Ÿ&&

Oo kmZ _mZ {~_Îm V~ dha{Z {º$ Z AmXar Ÿ&

Vo nmB gwa Xwb© nXmX{n naV h_ XoIV har Ÿ&&

{~ñdmg H$a g~ Amg n[ah[a Xmg Vd Oo hmoB aho Ÿ&

O{n Zm_ V~ {~Zw ò_ Vaqh ^d ZmW gmo g_am_ho Ÿ&&

Oo MaZ {gd AO nyÁ` aO gw na{g _w{Zn{VZr Var Ÿ&

ZI {ZJ©Vm _w{Z ~§{XVm Ì¡bmoH$ nmd{Z gwagar Ÿ&&

24

ÜdO Hw${bg A§Hw$g H§$O OwV ~Z {\$aV H§$Q>H$ {H$Z bho Ÿ&

nX H§$O Û§X _wHw§$X am_ a_og {ZË` Ôm_ho Ÿ&&

Aã`º$ _yb _Zm{X Vé ËdM Mm[a {ZJ_mJ_ ^Zo Ÿ&

fQ> H§$K gmIm n§M~rg AZoH$ nZ© gw_Z KZo Ÿ&&

\$b OwJb {~{Y H$Qw> _Ywa ~o{b AHo${b Oo{h Am{òV aho Ÿ&

nëbdV \y$bV Zdb {ZV g§gma {~Q>n Z_m_ho Ÿ&&

Oo ~«÷ AO_Û¡V_Zw dJå` _Z na Ü`mdht Ÿ&

Vo H$hh±þ OmZh±þ ZmW h_ V~ gJwZ Ogw {ZO Jmdht Ÿ&&

H$éZm`VZ à^w gXJwZmH$a Xod `h ~a _m±Jht Ÿ&

_Z ~MZ H$_© {~H$ma V{O V~ MaZ h_ AZwamJht Ÿ&&

Xmo. - g~ Ho$ XoIV ~oXÝh {~ZVr H$spÝh CXma Ÿ&

A§VaYmZ E nw{Z JE ~«÷ AmJma Ÿ&&

~¡ZVo gwZw g§ w V~ AmE Oh± aKw~ra Ÿ&

{dZ` H$aV JXJX {Jam ny[aV nwbH$ gara Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&

Vr_aN>§.- O` am_ a_m a_Z§ g_Z§ Ÿ& ^d Vmn `mHw$b nm{h OZ§ Ÿ&

AdYog gwaog a_og {~^mo Ÿ& gaZmJV _m±JV nm{h à^mo Ÿ&&

Xggrg {~ZmgZ ~rg wOm Ÿ& H¥$V Xy[a _hm _{h y[a éOm Ÿ&

aOZrMa ~¥§X nV§J aho Ÿ& ga nmdH$ VoO àM§S> Xho Ÿ&&

_{h _§S>b _§S>b MméVa§ Ÿ& Y¥V gm`H$ Mmn {Zf§J ~a§ Ÿ&

_X _moh _hm __Vm aOZr Ÿ& Vw_ nw§O {X~mH$a VoO AZr Ÿ&&

_ZOmV {H$amV {ZnmV {H$E Ÿ& _¥J bmoJ Hw$^moJ gaoZ {hò Ÿ&

h{V ZmW AZmWpÝh nm{h hao Ÿ& {~f`m ~Z nm±da y{b nao Ÿ&&

~hþ amoJ {~`moJpÝh nm{h hE Ÿ& ^dX§{Y« {ZamXa Ho$ \$b o Ÿ&

^dqgYw AJmY nao Za Vo Ÿ& nX n§H$O ào_w Z Oo H$aVo Ÿ&&

A{V XrZ _brZ XwIr {ZV ht Ÿ& {OÝhH|$ nX n§H$O àr{V Zht Ÿ&

Adb§~ ^d§V H$Wm {OÝh H|$ Ÿ& {à` g§V AZ§V gXm {VÝh H|$ Ÿ&&

Zqh amJ Z bmo Z _mZ _wXm Ÿ& {VÝh H|$ g_ ~¡ d dm {~nXm Ÿ&

25

ò{h V| V~ go~H$ hmoV _wXm Ÿ& _w{Z Ë`mJV OmoJ âmog gXm Ÿ&&

H$[a ào_w {Za§Va Zo_w {bE Ÿ& nX n§H$O go~V gwÕ {hò Ÿ&

g_ _m{Z {ZamXa AmXaht Ÿ& g~ g§V gwIr {~Ma§{V _hr Ÿ&&

_w{Z _mZg n§H$O ^¥§J Ôo Ÿ& aKw~ra _hm aZYra AOo Ÿ&

V~ Zm_ Onm{_ Z_m{_ har Ÿ& d amoJ _hm JX _mZAar Ÿ&&

JwZ grb H¥$nm na_m`VZ§ Ÿ& àZ_m{_ {Za§Va lra_Z§ Ÿ&

aKwZ§X {ZH$X` Û§X KZ§ Ÿ& _{hnmb {~bmoH$` XrZ OZ§ Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ~ma ~ma ~a _m±Jm¢ ha{f Xohþ lra§J Ÿ&

nX gamoO AZnm`Zr J{V gXm gVg§J Ÿ&&

~a{Z C_mn{V am_ JwZ ha{f JE H¡$bmg Ÿ&

V~ à^w H${nÝh {XdmE g~ {~{Y gwIàX ~mg Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&

gwZw IJn{V h H$Wm nmdZr Ÿ& {Ì{~Y Vmn d ` XmdZr Ÿ&&

_hmamO H$a gw A{^foH$m Ÿ& gwZV bhqh Za {da{V {ddoH$m Ÿ&&

Oo gH$m_ Za gwZqh Oo Jm~qh Ÿ& gwI g§n{V ZmZm {~{Y nmdqh Ÿ&&

gwa Xwb© gwI H$[a OJ _mht Ÿ& A§V H$mb aKwn{V nwa Omht Ÿ&&

gwZqh {~_wº$ {~aV OJ _mht Ÿ& bhqh J{V J{V g§n{V ZB© Ÿ&&

IJn{V am_ H$Wm _¢ ~aZr Ÿ& ñd_{V {~bmg Ìmg XwI haZr Ÿ&&

{~a{V {~~oH$ ^J{V Ñ‹T> H$aZr Ÿ& _moh ZXr H$h±þ gwÝXa VaZr Ÿ&&

{ZV Zd _§Jb H$mogbnwar Ÿ& ha{fV ahqh bmoJ g~ Hw$ar Ÿ&&

{ZV ZB àr{V am_ nX n§H$O Ÿ& g~H|$ {OÝhqh Z_V {gd _w{Z AO Ÿ&&

_§JZ ~hþ àH$ma n{hamE Ÿ& {ÛOÝh XmZ ZmZm {~{Y nmE Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ~«÷mZ§X _JZ H${n g~ H|$ à^w nX àr{V Ÿ&

OmZ Z OmZo XodZ {VÝh JE _mg fQ> ~r{V Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&

{~gao J¥h gnZohþ gw{Y Zmht Ÿ& {O{_ naÐmoh g§V _Z _mht Ÿ&&

V~ aKwn{V g~ gIm ~mobmE Ÿ& AmB g~pÝh gmXa {ga ZmE Ÿ&&

na_ àr{V g_rn ~¡R>mao Ÿ& ^JV gwIX _¥Xw ~MZ CMmao Ÿ&&

Vwåh A{V H$spÝh _mo[a godH$mB© Ÿ& _wI na Ho${h {~{Y H$am¢ ~‹S>mB© Ÿ&&

26

Vm V| _moqh Vwåh A{V {à` bmJo Ÿ& __ {hV bm{J ^dZ gwI Ë`mJo Ÿ&&

AZwO amO g§n{V d¡Xohr Ÿ& Xoh Joh n[adma gZohr Ÿ&&

g~ __ {à` Zqh Vwåh{h g_mZm Ÿ& _¥fm Z H$hD±$ Ÿ&&

g~ Ho$ {à` godH$ `h ZrVr Ÿ& _moa| A{YH$ Xmg na àrVr Ÿ&&

Xmo. - A~ J¥h Omhþ gIm g~ Ôohþ _mo{h Ñ‹T> Zo_ Ÿ&

gXm gd©JV g~©{hV Om{Z H$aohþ A{V ào_ Ÿ&&16Ÿ&&

gw{Z à^w dMZ _JZ g~ Ê Ÿ& H$mo h_ H$hm± {~g[a VZ JE Ÿ&&

EH$ Q>H$ aho Omo[a H$a AmJo Ÿ& gH$qh Z H$Nw> H${h A{V AZwamJo Ÿ&&

na_ ào_w {VÝh H$a à^w XoIm Ÿ& H$hm {~{~Y {~{Y kmZ {~gofm Ÿ&&

à^w gÝ_wI H$Nw> H$hV Z nmaqh Ÿ& nw{Z nw{Z MaZ gamoO {Zhmaqh Ÿ&&

V~ à^w yfZ ~gZ _±JmE Ÿ& ZmZm a§J AZyn gwhmE Ÿ&&

gwJ«rd{h àW_qh n{hamE Ÿ& ~gZ aV {ZO hmW ~ZmE Ÿ&&

à^w ào[aV b{N>_Zw n{hamE Ÿ& b§H$mn{V aKwn{V _Z mE Ÿ&&

A§JX ~¡R> ahm Zqh S>mobm Ÿ& àr{V Xo{I à^w Vm{h Z ~mobm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Om_d§V Zrbm{X g~ n{hamE aKwZmW Ÿ&

{h` Y[a am_ ê$n g~ Mbo ZmB nX _mW Ÿ&&

V~ A§JX C{R> ZmB {gé gOb Z`Z H$a Omo[a Ÿ&

A{V {~ZrV ~moboC ~MZ, _Zh±þ ào_ ag ~mo[a Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&

gwZw gd©k H¥$nm gwI qgYmo Ÿ& XrZ X`mH$a AmaV ~§Ymo Ÿ&&

_aVr ~oa ZmW _mo{h ~mbr Ÿ& JEC Vwåhao{h H$mo§N§>o Kmbr Ÿ&&

AgaZ gaZ {~[aXw g§ mar Ÿ& _mo{h O{Z VOhþ JV {hVH$mar Ÿ&&

_moa| Vwåh à^w Jé {nVw _mVm Ÿ& OmC± H$hm± V{O nX ObOmVm Ÿ&&

VwåhB {~Mm[a H$hhþ ZaZmhm Ÿ& à^w V{O dZ H$mOw __ H$mhm Ÿ&&

~mbH$ kmZ ~w{Õ ~b hrZm Ÿ& amIhþ gaZ ZmW OZ XrZm Ÿ&&

Zr{M Q>hb J¥h H¡$ g~ H$[ahm¢ Ÿ& nX n§H$O {~bmo{H$ ` V[ahm| Ÿ&&

Ag H${h MaZ naoC à^w nmhr Ÿ& A~ O{Z ZmW H$hhþ J¥h Omhr Ÿ&&

27

Xmo. - A§JX ~MZ {~ZrV gw{Z aKwn{V H$éZmgtd Ÿ&

à^w CR>mB Ca VmEC gOb Z`Z amOrd Ÿ&&

{ZO Ca _mb ~gZ _{Z ~{bVZ` n{hamB Ÿ&

{~Xm H$s{Ýh JdmZ V~ ~hþ àH$ma g_wPmB Ÿ&&18Ÿ&&

âV AZwO gm¡{_Ì g_oVm Ÿ& nR>dZ Mbo ^JV H¥$V MoVm Ÿ&&

A§JX öX`± ào_w Zqh Wmoam Ÿ& {\$a {\$a {MVd am_ H$s Amoam Ÿ&&

~ma ~ma H$a X§S> àZm_m Ÿ& Ÿ_Z Ag ahZ H$h{h _mo{h am_m Ÿ&&

am_ {~bmoH${Z ~mob{Z MbZr & gw{_[a gw{_[a gmoMV h±{g {_bZr Ÿ&&

à^w éI Xo{I {~Z` ~hþ ^mIr Ÿ& MboC öX`± nX n§H$O amIr Ÿ&&

A{V AmXa g~ H${n nh±wMmE Ÿ& mBÝh g{hV aV nw{Z AmE Ÿ&&

V~ gwJ«rd MaZ J{h ZmZm Ÿ& m±{V {dZ` H$sÝhr hZw_mZm Ÿ&&

{XZ Xg H${a aKwn{V nX godm Ÿ& nw{Z V~ MaZ Xo{Ihm¢ Xodm Ÿ&&

nwÝ` n§wO Vwåh ndZHw$_mam Ÿ& go~hþ OmB H¥$nmAmJmam Ÿ&&

Ag H${h H${n g~ Mbo Vwa§Vm Ÿ& A§JX H$hB gwZhþ hZw_§Vm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - H$hohþ X§S>dV à^w g¢ Vwåh{h H$hm¢ H$a Omo[a Ÿ&

~ma ~ma aKwZm`H$qh gwa{V H$amEC _mo[a Ÿ&&

Ag H${h MboC ~m{bgwV {\$a AmEC hZw_§V Ÿ&

Vmgw àr{V à^w gZ H$hr _JZ E ^Jd§V Ÿ&&

Hw${bghþ Mm{h H$R>moa A{V H$mo_b Hw$gw_hþ Mm{h Ÿ&

{MÎm IJog am_ H$a g_w{P naB H$hþ H$m{h Ÿ&&19Ÿ&&

nw{Z H¥$nmb {b`mo ~mo{b {ZfmXm Ÿ& XrÝho yfZ ~gZ àgmXm Ÿ&&

Omhþ ^dZ __ gw{_aZ H$ahÿ Ÿ& _Z H«$_ ~MZ Y_© AZwgaohÿ Ÿ&&

Vwåh __ gIm âV g_ ^«mVm Ÿ& gXm ahohþ nwa AmdV OmVm Ÿ&&

~MZ gwZV CnOm gwI ^mar Ÿ& naoC MaZ y[a bmoMZ ~mar Ÿ&&

MaZ Z{bZ Ca Y[a J¥h Amdm Ÿ& à^w gw mC n[aOZpÝh gwZmdm Ÿ&&

aKwn{V M[aV Xo{I nwa~mgr Ÿ& nw{Z nw{Z H$hqh YÝ` gwIamgr Ÿ&&

am_amO ~¡R>o Ì¡ bmoH$m Ÿ& ha{fV E JE g~ gmoH$m Ÿ&&

28

~`é Z H$a H$mhÿ gZ H$moB© Ÿ& am_ àVmn {~f_Vm ImoB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ~aZmò_ {ZO {ZO Ya_ {ZaV ~oX nW bmoJ Ÿ&

Mbqh gXm nmdqh gwIqh Zqh ` gmoH$ Z amoJ Ÿ&&20Ÿ&&

X¡{hH$ X¡{~H$ m¡{VH$ Vmnm Ÿ& g_ amO Zqh H$mhþ{h ì`mnm Ÿ&&

g~ Za H$aqh nagna àrVr Ÿ& Mb{h ñdY_© {ZaV lw{V arVr Ÿ&&

Mm[aC MaZ Y_© OJ _mht Ÿ& ny[a ahm gnZoh±þ AK Zmht Ÿ&&

am_ ^J{V aV Za Aé Zmar Ÿ& gH$b na_ J{V Ho$ A{YH$mar Ÿ&&

Aén _¥Ë`w Zqh H$d{ZC± nram Ÿ& g~ gwÝXa g~ {~éO garam Ÿ&&

Zqh X[aÐ H$moC XwIr Z XrZm Ÿ& Zqh H$moC A~bwY Z bjZhrZm Ÿ&&

g~ {ZX© Ya_aV K¥Zr Ÿ& Za Aé Zm[a MVwa g~ JwZr Ÿ&&

g~ JwZk n§{S>V g~ kmZr Ÿ& g~ H¥$Vk Zqh H$nQ> g`mZr Ÿ&&

Xmo. - am_ amO Z^Jog gwZw gMamMa OJ _mqh Ÿ&

H$mb H$_© gw md JwZ H¥$V XwI H$mhþ{h Zm{h Ÿ&&21Ÿ&&

^y{_ gá gmJa _oIbm Ÿ& EH$ ^yn aKwn{V H$mogbm Ÿ&&

^wAZ AZoH$ amo_ à{V Omgy Ÿ& òh à^wVm H$Nw> ~hþV Z Vmgy Ÿ&&

gmo _{h_m g_wPV à^w Ho$ar Ÿ& òh ~aZV hrZVm KZoar Ÿ&&

gmoC _{h_m IJog {OÝh OmZr Ÿ& {\$[a o{h M[aV {VÝhhw± a{V _mZr Ÿ&&

gmoC OmZo H$a \$b oh brbm Ÿ& H$hqh _hm _w{Zda X_grbm Ÿ&&

am_ amO H$a gwI g§nXm Ÿ& ~a{Z Z gH$B \$Zrg gmaXm Ÿ&&

g~ CXma g~ na CnH$mar Ÿ& {~à MaZ go~H$ Za Zmar Ÿ&&

EH$ Zm[a d«V aV g~ Pmar Ÿ& go _Z ~M H«$_ n{V {hVH$mar Ÿ&&

Xmo. - X§S> O{VÝh H$a ôX Oh± ZV©H$ Z¥Ë` g_mO Ÿ&

OrVhþ _Zqh gw{ZA Ag am_MÝÐ H|$ amO Ÿ&&22Ÿ&&

\y$bqh \$aqh gXm Vé H$mZZ Ÿ& ahqh EH$ g§J JO n§MmZZ Ÿ&&

IJ _¥J ghO d`é {~gamB© Ÿ& g~qh nagna àr{V ~‹T>mB© Ÿ&&

Hy$Oqh IJ _¥J ZmZm ~¥§Xm Ÿ& A^` Maqh dZ H$aqh AZ§Xm Ÿ&&

grVb gwa{^ ndZ ~h _§Xm Ÿ& Jw§OV A{V b¡ M{b _H$a§Xm Ÿ&&

29

bVm {~Q>n _m§Jo _Yw Mdht Ÿ& _Z^mdVr YoZw n` òdht Ÿ&&

g{g g§nÞ gXm ah KaZr Ÿ& ÌoVm ^B H¥$VOwJ H¡$ H$aZr Ÿ&

àJQ>r {J[aÝh {~{~Y _{Z ImZr Ÿ& OJXmV_m yn OJ OmZr Ÿ&&

g[aVm gH$b ~hqh ~a ~mar Ÿ& grVb A_b ñdmX gwIH$mar Ÿ&&

gmJa {ZO _aOmXm ahht Ÿ& S>maqh aVZ VQ>pÝh Za bhht Ÿ&&

ga{gO g§Hw$b gH$b V‹S>mJm Ÿ& A{V àgÞ Xg {Xgm {~^mJm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - {~Yw _{h nya _`yIpÝh a{~ Vn OoVZo{h H$mO Ÿ&

_m±Jo ~m[aX Xoqh Ob am_MÝÐ H|$ amO Ÿ&&23Ÿ&&

H$mo{Q>Ýh ~m{O_oK à^w H$sÝho Ÿ& XmZ AZoH$ {ÛOÝh H$h± XrÝho Ÿ&&

lw{V nW nmbH$ Y_© Ywa§Ya Ÿ& JwZmVrV Aé ^moJ nwa§Xa Ÿ&&

n{V AZwHy$b gXm ah grVm Ÿ& gmo mIm{Z gwgrb {~ZrVm Ÿ&&

OmZ{V H¥$nmqgYw à^wVmB© Ÿ& go~{V MaZ H$_b _Z bmB© Ÿ&&

OÚ{n J¥h godH$ god{H$Zr Ÿ& {~nwb gH$b godm {~{Y JwZr Ÿ&&

{ZO H$a J¥h n[aMaOm H$aB© Ÿ& am_MÝÐ Amògw AZwgaB© Ÿ&&

Ooqh {~{Y H¥$nmqgYw gwI _mZB Ÿ& gmoB H$a lr godm{~{Y OmZB Ÿ&&

H$m¡gë`m{X gmgw J¥h _mht Ÿ& godB g~pÝh _mZ _X Zmht Ÿ&&

C_m a_m ~«÷m{Z ~§{XVm Ÿ& OJX§~m g§VV_qZ{XVm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Omgw H¥$nm H$Q>mj gwa MmhV {MVd Z gmoB© Ÿ&

am_ nXmaq~X a{V H$a{V gw md{h ImoB© Ÿ&&24Ÿ&&

go~{h gmZwHy$b g~ ^mB© Ÿ& am_ MaZ a{V A{V A{YH$mB© Ÿ&&

à^w _wI H$_b {~bmoH$V ahht Ÿ& H$~h±þ H¥$nmb h_{h H$N>w H$hht Ÿ&&

am_w H$aqh «mVÝh na àrVr Ÿ& ZmZm m±{V {gImdqh ZrVr Ÿ&&

ha{fV ahqh ZJa Ho$ bmoJm Ÿ& H$aqh gH$b gwa Xwb© ^moJm Ÿ&&

Ah{Z{g {~{Y{h _ZmdV ahht Ÿ& lr aKw~ra MaZ a{V Mhht Ÿ&&

XwB gwV gwÝXa grVm OmE Ÿ& bd Hw$e ~oX nwamZÝh JmE Ÿ&&

XmoC {dOB© {~ZB© JwZ_§{Xa Ÿ& h[a à{V{~å~ _Zh±þ A{V gwÝXa Ÿ&&

XwB XwB gwV g~ ^«mVÝh Ho$ao Ÿ& Ê ê$n JwZ grb KZoao Ÿ&&

30

Xmo. - kmZ {Jam JmoVrV AO _m`m _Z JwZ nma Ÿ&

gmoB g{ƒXmZÝX KZ H$a Za M[aV CXma Ÿ&&25Ÿ&&

àmV H$mb gaD$ H$[a _‚mZ Ÿ& ~¡R>qh g^m g§J {ÛO g‚mZ Ÿ&&

~oX nwamZ ~{gð> ~ImZqh Ÿ& gwZqh am_ OÚ{n g~ OmZqh Ÿ&&

AZwOÝh g§OwV ^moOZw H$aht Ÿ& Xo{I gH$b OZZr gwI âht Ÿ&&

âV gÌwhZ XyZm¢ mB© Ÿ& g{hV ndZgwV Cn~Z OmB© Ÿ&&

~yPqh ~¡{R> am_ JwZJmhm Ÿ& H$h hZw_mZ gw_{V AdJmhm Ÿ&&

gwV {~_b JwZ A{V gwI nmdqh Ÿ& ~hþ[a ~hþ[a H$[a {~Z` H$hm~qh Ÿ&&

g~ Ho$ J¥h J¥h hmoqh nwamZm Ÿ& am_ M[aV nmdZ {~{Y ZmZm Ÿ&&

Za Aé Zm[a am_ JwZ JmZqh Ÿ& H$aqh {Xdg {Z{g OmV Z OmZqh Ÿ&&

Xmo. - AdYnwar ~m{gÝh H$a gwI g§nXm g_mO Ÿ&

ghg gog Zqh H${h gH$qh Oh± Z¥n am_ {~amO Ÿ&&26Ÿ&&

ZmaXm{X gZH$m{X _wZrgm Ÿ& XagZ bm{J H$mogbmYrgm Ÿ&&

{XZ à{V gH$b AOmoÜ`m Amdqh Ÿ& Xo{I ZJé {~amJ {~gamdqh Ÿ&&

OmVê$n _{Z a{MV AQ>mar Ÿ& ZmZm a§J é{Ma JM T>mZr Ÿ&&

nwa Mhþ± nmg H$moQ> A{V gwÝXa Ÿ& aMo H§$Jyam a§J a§J~a Ÿ&&

ZdJ«h {ZH$a AZrH$ ~ZmB© Ÿ& OZw Koar A_amd{V AmB© Ÿ&&

_{h ~hþ a§J a{MV JM H$m±Mm Ÿ& Omo {~bmo{H$ _w{Zda _Z ZmMm Ÿ&&

Ydb Ym_ D$na Z^ Mw§~V Ÿ& H$bg _Zh±þ a{~ g{g Xw{V {Z§XV> Ÿ&&

~hþ _{Z a{MV PamoIm ^«mOqh Ÿ& J¥h J¥h à{V _{Z Xrn {~amOqh Ÿ&&

N>§. - _{Z Xrn amOqh dZ «mOqh Xohar {~Ðþ_ aMr Ÿ&

_{Z I§ ^r{V {~a§Mr H$ZH$ _{Z _aH$V IMt Ÿ&&

gwÝXa _Zmoha _§{Xam`V A§{Oa é{Ma \${Q>H$ aMo Ÿ&

à{V Ûma Ûma H$nmQ> nwQ> ~ZmB ~hþ ~O«pÝh IMo Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Mmé {MÌgmbm J¥h J¥h à{V {bIo ~ZmB Ÿ&

am_ M[aV Oo {ZaIV _w{Z _Z bo{h MwamB© Ÿ&&27Ÿ&&

gw_Z ~m{Q>H$m g~qh bJmB© Ÿ& {~{~Y m±{V H$[a OVZ ~ZmB© Ÿ&&

31

bVm b{bV ~hþ Om{V gwZmB© Ÿ& \y$bqh gXm ~g§V H$s ZmBª Ÿ&&

Jw§OV _YwH$a _wIa _Zmoha Ÿ& _méV {Ì{~Y gXm ~h gwÝXa Ÿ&&

ZmZm IJ ~mbH$pÝh {OAmE Ÿ& ~mobV _Ywa C‹S>mV gwhmE Ÿ&&

_moa h§g gmag nmamdV Ÿ& dZpÝh na gmo m A{V nmdV Ÿ&&

Oh"°± Vh± XoI{h {ZO n[aN>mht Ÿ& ~hþ {~{Y Hy$Oqh Z¥Ë` H$amht Ÿ&&

gwH$ gm[aH$m n‹T>mdqh ~mbH$ Ÿ& H$hhþ am_ aKwn{V OZnmbH$ Ÿ&&

amO XwAma gH$b {~{Y Mmê$ Ÿ& ~rWr Mm¡hQ> é{Ma ~Omê$ Ÿ&&

N>§. - ~mOma é{Ma Z ~ZB ~aZV dñVw {~Zw JW nmBE ŸŸ&

Oh± yn a_m{Zdmg Vh± H$s g§nXm {H${_ JmBE Ÿ&&

~¡R>o ~OmO gam\$ ~{ZH$ AZoH$ _Zh±þ Hw$~oa Vo Ÿ&

g~ gwIr g~ gƒ[aV gwÝXa Zm[a Za {ggw OaR> Oo Ÿ&&

Xmo. - CÎma {X{g gaOy ~h {Z_©b Ob J§ ra Ÿ&

~m±Yo KmQ> _Zmoha ñdën n§H$ Zqh Zra Ÿ&&28Ÿ&&

Xy[a \$amH$ é{Ma gmo KmQ>m Ÿ& Oh± Ob {nAqh ~m{O JO R>mQ>m Ÿ&&

n{ZKQ> na_ _Zmoha ZmZm Ÿ& Vhm± Z nwéf H$a{h AñZmZm Ÿ&&

amOKmQ> g~ {~{Y gwÝXa ~a Ÿ& _‚mqh Vhm± ~aZ Mm[aC± Za Ÿ&&

Vra Vra XodÝh Ho$ _§{Xa Ÿ& Mh±þ {X{g {VÝhH$s Cn~Z gwÝXa Ÿ&&

_h±þ H$h±þ g[aVm Vra CXmgr Ÿ& ~gqh kmZaV _w{Z g§Ý`mgr Ÿ&&

Vra Vra Vwb{gH$m gwhmB© Ÿ& ~¥§X ~¥§X ~hþ _w{ZÝh bJmB© Ÿ&&

XoIV nwar A{Ib AK mJm Ÿ& ~Z Cn~Z ~m{nH$m V‹S>mJm Ÿ&&

N>§. - ~mnr V‹S>mJ AZyn Hy$n _Zmoham`V gmohhr Ÿ&

gmonmZ gwÝXa Zra {Z_©b Xo{I gwa _w{Z _mohhr Ÿ&&

~hþ a§J H§$O AZoH$ IJ Hy$O{h _Ywn Jw§Omaht Ÿ&

Amam_ aå` {nH$m{X IJad OZw n{WH$ h§H$ma{h Ÿ&&

Xmo. - am_ ZmW Oh± amOm gmo nwa ~a{Z {H$ OmB Ÿ&

A{Z_m{XH$ gwI g§nXm ahr A~Y g~ N>mB© Ÿ&&29Ÿ&&

Oh± Vh± Za aKwn{V JwZ Jmdqh Ÿ& ~¡{R> nagna Bh¡ {gIm~{h Ÿ&&

32

Ôhþ àZV à{VnmbH$ am_{h Ÿ& gmo m grb ê$n JwZ Ym_{h Ÿ&&

ObO {~bmoMZ ñ`m_b JmV{h Ÿ& nbH$ Z`Z Bd godH$ ÌmV{h Ÿ&&

^yV ga é{Ma Mmn VyZra{h Ÿ& g§V H§$O ~Z a{~ aZYra{h Ÿ&&

H$mb H$amb ã`mb IJamO{h Ÿ& Z_V am_ AH$m_ __Vm O{h Ÿ&&

bmo _moh _¥J OyW {H$amV{h Ÿ& _Z{gO H$[a h[aOZ gwIXmV{h Ÿ&&

g§g` gmoH$ {Z{~‹S> V_ mZw{h Ÿ& XZwO JhZ KZ XhZ H¥$gmZw{h Ÿ&&

OZH$ gwVm g_oV aKw~ra{h Ÿ& H$g Z Ohþ ^§OZ d ^ra{h Ÿ&&

~hþ ~mgZm _gH$ {h_ g{g{h Ÿ& gXm EH$ ag AO A{~Zm{g{h Ÿ&&

gw{Z a§OZ §OZ _{h ma{h Ÿ& Vwb{gXmg Ho$ à^w{h CXma{h Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ò{h {~{Y ZJa Zm[a Za H$a{h am_ JwZ JmZ Ÿ&

gmZwHy$b g~ na ahqh g§VV H¥$nm{ZYmZ Ÿ&&30Ÿ&&

O~ V§o am_ àVmn IJogm Ÿ& C{XV ÊC A{V à~b {XZogm Ÿ&&

ny[a àH$mg ahoC {Vh±þ bmoH$m Ÿ& ~hþVoÝh gwI ~hþVÝh _Z gmoH$m Ÿ&&

{OÝh{h gmoH$ Vo H$hm¢ ~ImZr Ÿ& àW_ A{~Úm {Zgm ZgmZr Ÿ&&

AK CbyH$ Oh± Vhm± bwH$mZo Ÿ& H$m_ H«$moY H¡$a~ gHw$MmZo Ÿ&&

{~{~Y H$_© JwZ H$mb gw mD$ Ÿ& ò MH$moa gwI bh{h Z H$mD$ Ÿ&&

_Ëga _mZ _moh _Z Mmoam Ÿ& BÝh H$a hþZa Z H$~{Zh±þ Amoam Ÿ&&

Ya_ V‹S>mJ kmZ {~kmZm Ÿ& o n§H$O {~H$go {~{Y ZmZm Ÿ&&

gwI g§Vmof {~amJ {~~oH$m Ÿ& {~JV gmoH$ o H$moH$ AZoH$m Ÿ&&

Xmo. - `h àVmn a{~ OmH|$ Ca O~ H$aB àH$mg Ÿ&

n{N>bo ~m‹T>{h àW_ Oo H$ho Vo nmdqh Zmg Ÿ&&31Ÿ&&

^«mVÝh g{hV am_w EH$ ~mam Ÿ& g§J na_ {à` ndZHw$_mam Ÿ&&

gwÝXa Cn~Z XoIZ JE Ÿ& V~ Vé Hw$gw{_V nëbd ZE Ÿ&&

Om{Z g_` gZH$m{XH$ AmE Ÿ& VoOnw§O JwZ grb gwhmE Ÿ&&

~«÷mZ§X gXm b`brZm Ÿ& XoIV ~mbH$ ~hþH$mbrZm Ÿ&&

ê$n Ya| OZw Mm[aC ~oXm Ÿ& g_Xagr _w{Z {~JV {~ôXm Ÿ&&

Amgm ~gZ ã`gZ oh {VÝht§ Ÿ& aKwn{V M[aV hmo{h Vh± gwZht Ÿ&&

33

Vhm± aho gZH$m{X dmZr Ÿ& Oh± KQ>g§ d _w{Z ~a kmZr Ÿ&&

am_ H$Wm _w{Zda ~hþ ~aZr Ÿ& kmZ Omo{V nmdH$ {O{_ AaZr Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Xo{I am_ _w{Z AmdV ha{I X§S>dV H$sÝh Ÿ&

ñdmJV ny±{N> nrV nQ> à^w ~¡R>Z H$h±þ XrÝh Ÿ&&32Ÿ&&

H$sÝh X§S>dV Vr{ZC mB© Ÿ& g{hV ndZgwV gwI A{YH$mB© Ÿ&&

_w{Z aKn{V N>{~ AVwb {~bmoH$s Ÿ& E _JZ _Z gHo$ Z amoH$s Ÿ&&

ñ`m_b JmV gamoéh bmoMZ Ÿ&& gwÝXaVm _§{Xa ^d _moMZ Ÿ&&

EH$ Q>H$ aho {Z_of Z bmdqh Ÿ& à^w H$a Omoao grg Zdmdqh Ÿ&&

{VÝh H¡$ Xgm Xo{I aKw~ram Ÿ& g«dV Z`Z Ob nwbH$ garam Ÿ&&

H$a J{h à^w _w{Z~a ~¡R>mao Ÿ& na_ _Zmoha ~MZ CMmao Ÿ&&

AmO YÝ` _¢ gwZhþ _wZrgm Ÿ& Vwåhao Xag Omqh A~ Irgm Ÿ&&

~‹S>o mJ nmBA gVg§Jm Ÿ& {~Z{h à`mg hmoB d §Jm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - g§V g§J An~J© H$a H$m_r ^d H$a n§W Ÿ&

H$hqh g§V H${~ H$mo{~X lw{V nwamZ g~ J«§W Ÿ&&33Ÿ&&

gw{Z à^w ~MZ ha{f _w{Z Mmar Ÿ& nwb{H$V VZw AñVw{V AZwgmar Ÿ&&

O` ^JdV AZ§V AZm_` Ÿ& AZK AZoH$ EH$ H$éZm_` Ÿ&&

O` {ZJw©Z OÒ` JwZ gmJa Ÿ& gwI _§{Xa gwÝXa A{V ZmJa Ÿ&&

O` B§{Xama_Z O` yYa Ÿ& AZwn_AO AZm{X gmo mH$a Ÿ&&

kmZ {ZYmZ A_mZ _mZàX Ÿ& nmdZ gwOgw nwamZ ~oX àX Ÿ&&

Vk H¥$Vk AkVm §OZ Ÿ& Zm_ AZoH$ AZm_ {Za§OZ Ÿ&&

gd© g~©JV g~© Camb` Ÿ& ~g{g gXm h_ H$h±þ n[anmb` Ÿ&&

Û§X {~n{V ^d \§$X {d^§O` Ÿ& ö{X ~{g am_ H$m_ _X J§O` Ÿ&&

Xmo. - na_mZÝX H¥$nm`VZ _Z na nyaZ H$m_ Ÿ&

ào_ J{V AZnm`Zr Xohþ h_{h lr am_ Ÿ&&34Ÿ&&

Xohþ J{V aKwn{V A{V nmd{Z Ÿ& {Ì[~{Y Vmn d Xmn Zgmd{Z Ÿ&&

àZV H$m_ gwaYoZw H$bnVé Ÿ& hmoB àgÞ XrO¡ à^w òh ~é Ÿ&&

^` ~m[a{Y Hw§$Ô aKwZm`H$ Ÿ& godV gwb^ gH$b gwI Xm`H$ Ÿ&&

34

_Zg§ d XméZ XwI Xma` Ÿ& XrZ~§Yw g_Vm {~ñVma` Ÿ&&

Amg Ìmg B[afm{X {Z~maHw$ Ÿ& {~Z` {ddoH$ {~a{V {~ñVmaHw$ Ÿ&&

^y{n _m¡{b _{Z _§S>Z YaZr Ÿ& Xo{h ^J{V g§g¥{V g[a VaZr Ÿ&&

_w{Z _Z _mZg h§g {Za§Va Ÿ& MaZ H$_b ~§{XV AO g§H$a Ÿ&&

aKwHw$b Ho$Vw goVw lw{V ajH$ Ÿ& H$mb H$_© gw md JwZ ^jH$ Ÿ&

VmaZ VaZ haZ g~ XyfZ Ÿ& Vwb{gXmg à^w {Ì^wdZ yfZ Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ~ma ~ma AñVw{V H$[a ào_ g{hV {gé ZmB Ÿ&

~«÷^dZ gZH$m{X Jo A{V A^rï> ~a nmB Ÿ&&35Ÿ&&

gZH$m{XH$ {~{Y bmoH$ {gYmE Ÿ& «mVÝh am_ MaZ {gé ZmE Ÿ&&

nyN>V à^w{h gH$b gHw$Mmht Ÿ& {MVdqh g~ _méVgwV nmht Ÿ&&

gwZr Mhqh à^w_wI H¡$ ~mZr Ÿ& Omo gw{Z hmoB gH$b «_ hmZr Ÿ&&

A§VaOm_r à^w g~ OmZm Ÿ& ~yPV H$hhþ H$mh hZw_mZm Ÿ&&

Omo[a nm{Z H$h V~ hZw_§Vm Ÿ& gwZhþ XrZX`mb J~§Vm Ÿ&&

ZmW âV H$Nw> nyN>Z Mhht Ÿ& àñZ H$aV _Z gHw$MV Ahht Ÿ&&

Vwåh OmZhþ H${n _moa gw mD$ Ÿ& aV{h _mo{h H$Nw> A§Va H$mD$ Ÿ&&

gw{Z à^w ~MZ aV Jho-MaZm Ÿ& gwZhþ ZmW àZVma{V haZm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ZmW Z _mo{h g§Xoh H$Nw> gnZohþ gmoH$ Z _moh Ÿ&

Ho$db H¥$nm Vwåhm[a qh H¥$nmZÝX g§Xmoh Ÿ&&36Ÿ&&

H$am¢ H¥$nm{Z{Y EH$ {T>R>mB© Ÿ& _¢ godH$ Vwåh OZ gwIXmB©

g§VZ H¡$ _{h_m aKwamB© Ÿ& ~hþ {~{Y doX nwamZÝh JmB© Ÿ&&

lr_wI Vwåh nw{Z H$spÝh H$a bÀN>Z Ÿ& H¥$nmqgYw JwZ kmZ {~MÀN>Z Ÿ&&

g§V Ag§V ôX {~bJmB© Ÿ& àZV nmb _mo{h H$hhþ ~wPmB© Ÿ&&

g§VÝh Ho$ bÀN>Z gwZw «mVm Ÿ& AJ{ZV lw{V nwamZ {~»`mVm Ÿ&&

g§V Ag§V{Ýh H¡$ A{g H$aZr Ÿ& {O{_ Hw$R>ma M§XZ AmMaZr Ÿ&&

H$mQ>B nagw _b` gwZw ^mB© Ÿ& {ZO JwZ XoB gwJ§Y ~gmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Vm V| gwa grgÝh M‹T>V OJ~ëb^ lrI§S> Ÿ&

AZb Xm{h nrQ>V KZpÝh nagw ~XZ h X§S> Ÿ&&37Ÿ&&

35

{~f` Ab§nQ> grb JwZmH$a Ÿ& na XwI XwI gwI gwI XoI| na Ÿ&&

g_ A^yV[anw {~_X {~amJr Ÿ& bmo m_af haf d Ë`mJr Ÿ&&

H$mo_b {MV XrZÝh na Xm`m Ÿ& _Z ~M H«$_ __ J{V A_m`m Ÿ&&

g~{h _mZàX Amnw A_mZr Ÿ& aV àmZ g_ __ Vo àmZr Ÿ&&

{~JV H$m_ __ Zm_ nam`Z Ÿ& gm§{V {~a{V {~ZVr _w{XVm`Z Ÿ&&

grVbVm gabVm _BÌr Ÿ& {ÛO àX àr{V Y_© OZ`Ìr Ÿ&&

ò g~ bÀN>Z ~gqh Omgw Ca Ÿ& OmZohþ VmV g§V g§VV \w$a Ÿ&&

g_ Xg {Z`_ Zr{V Zqh S>mobqh Ÿ& néf ~MZ H$~h±ÿ Zqh ~mobqh Ÿ&&

Xmo. - qZXm AñVw{V C^` g_ __Vm __ nX H§$O Ÿ&

Vo g‚mZ __ àmZ {à` JwZ_§{Xa gwInw§O Ÿ&&38Ÿ&&

gwZhþ Ag§VÝh Ho$a gw mD$ Ÿ& ^ybohþ g§J{V H$[aA Z H$mD$ Ÿ&&

{VÝh H$a g§J gXm XwIXmB© Ÿ& {O{_ H${nb{h Kmbqh hahmB© Ÿ&&

IbÝh öX`± A{V Vmn {~gofr Ÿ& Oa{h gXm na g§n{V XoIr Ÿ&&

Oh± H$h±þ qZXm gwZ{h namB© Ÿ& haf{h _Zh±þ nar {Z{Y nmB© Ÿ&&

H$m_ H«$moY _X bmo nam`Z Ÿ& {ZX© H$nQ>r Hw${Q>b _bm`Z Ÿ&&

~`é AH$maZ g~ H$mhÿ gm| Ÿ& Omo H$a {hV AZ{hV Vmhÿ gm| Ÿ&&

PyR>Z boZm PyR>B XoZm Ÿ& PyR>B ^moOZ PyR> M~oZm Ÿ&&

~mob{h _Ywa ~MZ {O{_ _moam Ÿ& ImB _hm A{h öX` H$R>moam Ÿ&&

Xmo. - na Ðmohr na Xma aV na YZ na An~mX Ÿ&

Vo Za nmd±a nmn _` Xoh Yao _ZwOmX Ÿ&&39Ÿ&&

bmo B Amo‹T>Z bmo B S>>mgZ Ÿ& {gñZmoXa na O_nwa Ìmg Z Ÿ&&

H$mhÿ H¡$ Omo gwZqh ~‹S>mB© Ÿ& ñdmg bo{h OZw Oy‹S>r AmB© Ÿ&&

O~ H$mhÿ H¡$ XoIqh {~nVr Ÿ& gwIr Ê _mZhþ± OJ Z¥nVr Ÿ&&

ñdmaWaV n[adma {~amoYr Ÿ& b§nQ> H$m_ bmo A{V H«$moYr Ÿ&&

_mVw {nVm Jwa {~à Z _mZqh Ÿ& Amnw JE Aé Kmbqh AmZqh Ÿ&&

H$aqh _moh~g Ðmoh namdm Ÿ& g§V g§J h[aH$Wm Z mdm Ÿ&&

AdJwZ qgYw _§X_{V H$m_r Ÿ& ~oX {~XyfH$ na YZ ñdm_r Ÿ&&

36

{~àÐmoh gwaÐmoh {~gofm Ÿ& X§ H$nQ> {O` Ya| gw~ofm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Eogo AY_ _ZwO Ib H¥$VOwV ÌoVm Zmqh Ÿ&

Ûmna H$Nw>H$ ~¥§X ~hþ hmoBhqh H${bOwJ _mqh Ÿ&&40Ÿ&&

na{hV g[ag Y_© Zqh ^mB© Ÿ& na nr‹S>m g_ Zqh AY_mB© Ÿ&&

{ZZ© gH$b nwamZ ~oX H$a Ÿ& H$hoC± VmV OmZqh H$mo{~X Za Ÿ&&

Za gara Y[a Oo na nram Ÿ& H$aqh Vo ghqh _hm ^` ^ram Ÿ&&

H$a{h _moh ~g Za AK ZmZm Ÿ& ñdmaW aV nabmoH$ ZgmZm Ÿ&&

H$mb ê$n {VÝh H$hþ± _¢ ^«mVm Ÿ& gw Aé Agw H$_© \$b XmVm Ÿ&&

Ag {~Mm[a Oo na_ g`mZo Ÿ& Oqh _mo{h g§g¥{V XwI OmZo Ÿ&&

Ë`mJqh H$_© gw mgw Xm`H$ Ÿ& Oqh _mo{h gwa Za _w{Z Zm`H$ Ÿ&&

g§V Ag§VÝh Ho$ JwZ ^mfo Ÿ& Vo Z naqh ^d {OÝh b{I amIo Ÿ&&

Xmo. - gwZhþ VmV _m`mH¥$V JwZ Aé Xmof AZoH$ Ÿ&

JwZ h C^` Z Xo{IA{h Xo{IA gmo A{~~oH$ Ÿ&&41Ÿ&&

lr_wI ~MZ gwZV g~ ^mB© Ÿ& hafo ào_w Z öX`± g_mB© Ÿ&&

H$a{h {~Z` A{V ~maqh ~mam Ÿ& hZy_mZ {h`± haf Anmam Ÿ&&

nw{Z aKwn{V {ZO _§{Xa JE Ÿ& o{h {~{Y M[aV H$aV {ZV ZE Ÿ&&

~ma ~ma ZmaX _w{Z Amdqh Ÿ& M[aV nwZrV am_ Ho$ Jmdqh Ÿ&&

{ZV Zd M[aV Xo{I _w{Z Omht Ÿ& ~«÷bmoH$ g~ H$Wm H$hmht Ÿ&&

gw{Z {~a§{M A{Vg` gwI _mZqh Ÿ& nw{Z nw{Z VmV H$ahþ JwZ JmZqh Ÿ&&

gZH$m{XH$ ZmaX{h gamhqh OÚ{n ~«÷{ZaV _w{Z Amhqh Ÿ&&

gw{Z JwZ JmZ g_m{Y {~gmar Ÿ& gmXa gwZqh na_ A{YH$mar Ÿ&&

Xmo. - OrdZ_wº$ ~«÷ na M[aV gwZ{h V{O Ü`mZ Ÿ&

ò h[a H$Wm Z H$aqh a{V {VÝh Ho$ {h` nmfmZ Ÿ&&42Ÿ&&

EH$ ~ma aKwZmW ~mobmE Ÿ& Jwé {ÛO nwa~mgr g~ AmE Ÿ&&

~¡R>o Jwa _w{Z Aé {ÛO g‚mZ Ÿ& ~mobo ~MZ ^JV ^d ^§OZ Ÿ&&

gwZhþ gH$b nwaOZ __ ~mZr Ÿ& H$hm¢ Z H$Nw> __Vm Ca AmZr Ÿ&&

Zqh AZr{V Zqh H$Nw> à^wVmB© Ÿ& gwZhþ H$ahþ Om¡ Vwåh{h gwhmB© Ÿ&&

37

gmoB godH$ {à`V_ __ gmoB© Ÿ& __ AZwgmgZ _mZB OmoB© Ÿ&&

Om¢ AZr{V H$Nw> mfm¢ mB© Ÿ& Vm¡ _mo{h ~aOhþ ` {~gamB© Ÿ&&

~‹S>o mJ _mZwf VZw nmdm Ÿ& gwa Xwb© g~ J«§WpÝh Jmdm Ÿ&&

gmYZ Ym_ _moj H$a Ûmam Ÿ& nmB Z Oo{h nabmoH$ g±dmam Ÿ&&

Xmo. - gmo naÌ XwI nmdB {ga Yw{Z Yw{Z n{N>VmB Ÿ&

H$mb{h H$_©{h B©ñda[h {_Ï`m Xmof bJmB Ÿ&&43Ÿ&&

ò{h VZ H$a \$b {df` Z ^mB© Ÿ& ñdJC ñdën A§V XwIXmB© Ÿ&&

Za VZw nmB {df` _Z Xohr Ÿ& nb{Q> gwYm Vo gR> {~f boht Ÿ&&

Vm{h H$~h±þ ^b H$hB Z H$moB© Ÿ& Jw§Om J«h¡ nag_{Z ImoB© Ÿ&&

AmH$a Mm[a bÀN> Mm¡amgr Ÿ& Omo{Zd «_V h Ord A{~Zmgr Ÿ&&

{\$aV gXm _m`m H$a àoam Ÿ& H$mb H$_© gw md JwZ Koam Ÿ&&

H$~h±þH$ H$[a H$éZm Za Xohr Ÿ& XoV B©g {~Zw hoVw gXohr Ÿ&&

Za VZw ^d ~m[a{Y H$hþ± ~oamo Ÿ& gZ_wI _éV AZwJ«h _oamo Ÿ&

H$aZYma gX²Jwa Ñ‹T> Zm~m Ÿ& Xwb© gmO gwb^ H$[a nmdm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Omo Z VaB ^dgmJa Za g_mO Ag nmB Ÿ&

gmo H¥$V{Z§XH$ _§X_{V AmV_hZ J{V OmB Ÿ&&44Ÿ&&

Om¡ nabmoH$ Bhm± gwI Mhhÿ Ÿ& gw{Z __ ~MZ öX`± X¥‹T> Jhhÿ Ÿ&&

gwb^ gwIX _maJ `h ^mB© Ÿ& J{V _mo[a nwamZ lw{V JmB© Ÿ&&

kmZ AJ_ àË`yh AZoH$m Ÿ& gmYZ H${R>Z Z _Z H$hþ± Q>oH$m Ÿ&&

H$aV H$ï> ~hþ nmdB H$moD$ Ÿ& {º$ hrZ {à` _mo{h Z gmoD$ Ÿ&&

^{º$ gwV§Ì gH$b gwI ImZr Ÿ& {~Zw gVg§J Z nmdqh àmZr Ÿ&&

nwÝ` Zw§O {~Zw {_bqh Z g§Vm Ÿ& gVg§J{V g§g¥{V H$a A§Vm Ÿ&&

nwÝ` EH$ OJ _h±þ Zqh XyOm Ÿ& _Z H«$_ ~MZ {~à nX nyOm Ÿ&&

gmZwHy$b Vo{h na _w{Z godm Ÿ& Omo V{O H$nQw> H$aB {ÛO go~m Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Am¡amo EH$ JwnwV _V g~{h H$hm¢ H$a Omo[a Ÿ&

g§H$a OZ {~Zm Za J{V Z nm~B _mo[a Ÿ&&45Ÿ&&

H$hhþ ^J{V nW H$dZ à`mgm Ÿ& OmoJ Z _I On Vn Cndmgm Ÿ&&

38

gab gw md Z _Z Hw${Q>bmB© Ÿ& OWmbm^ g§Vmof gXmB© Ÿ&&

_moa Xmg H$hmB Za Amgm Ÿ& H$aB Vm¡ H$hhþ H$hm± {~ñdmgm Ÿ&&

~hþV H$hm¡ H$m H$Wm ~‹T>mB© Ÿ& o{h AmMaZ ~ñ` _¢ mB© Ÿ&&

~¡a Z {~J«h Amg Z Ìmgm Ÿ& gwI_` Vm{h gXm g~ Amgm Ÿ&&

AZma§ A{ZHo$V A_mZr Ÿ& AZK Aamof Xj {~kmZr Ÿ&&

àr{V gXm g‚mZ g§gJm© Ÿ& V¥Z g~ {df` ñdJ© An~Jm© Ÿ&&

^J{V nj hR> Zqh gR>VmB© Ÿ& Xwï> VH©$ g~ Xya ~hmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - __ JwZ J«m_ Zm_ aV JV __Vm _X _moh Ÿ&

Vm H$a gwI gmoB OmZB namZÝX g§Xmoh Ÿ&&46Ÿ&&

gwZV gwYm g~ ~MZ am_ Ho$ Ÿ& Jho g~{Z nX H¥$nmYm_ Ho$ Ÿ&&

OZ{Z OZH$ Jwa ~§Yw h_mao Ÿ& H¥$nm{ZYmZ _mZ Vo ß`mao Ÿ&&

VZw YZw Ym_ am_ {hVH$mar Ÿ& g~ {~{Y Vw_h àZVma{Vhmar Ÿ&&

Ag {gI Vwåh {~Zw Xoh Z H$moD$ Ÿ& _mVw {nVm ñdmaW aV AmoD$ Ÿ&&

hoVw a{hV OJ OwJ CnH$mar Ÿ& Vwåh Vwåhma godH$ Agwamar Ÿ&&

ñdmaW _rV gH$b OJ _mht Ÿ& gnZoh±þ à^w na_maW Zmht Ÿ&&

g~ Ho$ ~MZ ào_ ag gmZo Ÿ& gw{Z aKwZmW öX`± hafmZo Ÿ&&

{ZO {ZO J¥h JE Amògw nmB© Ÿ& ~aZV à^w ~VH$hr gwhmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - C_m AdY~mgr Za Zm[a H¥$VmaW ê$n Ÿ&

~«÷ g{ƒXmZÝX KZ aKwZm`H$ Oh± yn Ÿ&&47Ÿ&&

EH$ ~ma ~{gð> _w{Z AmE Ÿ& Ohm± am_ gwIYm_ gwhmE Ÿ&&

A{V AmXa aKwZm`H$ H$sÝhm Ÿ& nX nIm[a MaZmoXH$ brÝhm Ÿ&&

am_ gwZh±þ _w{Z H$h H$a Omoar Ÿ& H¥$nmqgYw {dZVr H$Nw> _moar Ÿ&&

Xo{I Xo{I AmMaZ Vwåhmam Ÿ& hmoV _moh __ öX`± Anmam Ÿ&&

_{h_m A{_V ~oX Zqh OmZm Ÿ& _¢ Ho${h m±{V H$hm¢ JdmZm Ÿ&&

Cnamo{hVr H$_© A{V _§Xm Ÿ& ~oX nwamZ gw_¥{V H$a qZXm Ÿ&&

O~ Z boC± _¢ V~ {~{Y _mohr Ÿ& H$hm bm^w AmJo gwV Vmohr Ÿ&&

na_mV_m ~«÷ Zaê$nm Ÿ& hmoB{h aKwµHw$b yfZ ynm Ÿ&&

39

Xmo. - V~ _¢ öX`± {~Mmam OmoJ Ok ~«V XmZ Ÿ&

Om H$h±þ H$[aA gmo n¡hm¢ Y_© Z o{h g~ AmZ Ÿ&&48Ÿ&&

O~ Vn {Z`_ OmoJ {ZO Y_m© Ÿ& lw{V g§ d ZmZm gw H$_m© Ÿ&&

kmZ X`m VraW _‚mZ Ÿ& Oh± b{J Y_© H$hV lw{V g‚mZ Ÿ&&

AmJ_ {ZJ_ nwamZ AZoH$m Ÿ& n‹T>o gwZo H$a \$b à^w EH$m Ÿ&&

Vd nX n§H$O àr{V {Za§Va Ÿ& g~ gmYZ H$a ò{h \$b gwÝXa Ÿ&&

Ny>Q>B _b {H$ _b{h H|$ Ymo | Ÿ& K¥V {H$ nmd H$moC ~m[a {~bmoE± Ÿ&&

ào_ ^J{V Ob {~Zw aKwamB© Ÿ& A{Â§Va _b H$~h±þ Z OmB© Ÿ&&

gmoB g~©k Vk gmoB n§{S>V Ÿ& gmoB JwZ J¥h {dkmZ AI§{S>V Ÿ&&

Xj gH$b bjZ OwV gmoB© Ÿ& OmH|$ nX gamoO a{V hmoB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ZmW EH$ ~a _mJm¢ am_ H¥$nm H$[a Xohþ Ÿ&

OÝ_ OÝ_ nX H$_b H$~h±þ KQ>¡ O{Z Zohþ Ÿ&&49Ÿ&&

Ag H${h _w{Z ~{gð> J¥h AmE Ÿ& H¥$nmqgYw H|$ _Z A{V mE Ÿ&&

hZy_mZ aVm{X «mVm Ÿ& g§J {bE go~H$ gwIXmVm Ÿ&&

nw{Z H¥$nmb nwa ~mhoa JE Ÿ& JO aW VwaJ _±JmdV Ê Ÿ&&

Xo{I H¥$nm H$a gH$b gamho Ÿ& {XE C{MV {OÝh {OÝh VoB Mmho Ÿ&&

haZ gH$b ò_ à^w ò_ nmB© Ÿ& JE Ohm± grVb Ad±amB© Ÿ&&

âV XrÝh {ZO ~gZ T>gmB© Ÿ& ~¡R>o à^w god{h g~ mB© Ÿ&&

_méV gwV V~ _méV H$aB© Ÿ& nwbH$ ~nwf bmoMZ Ob âB© Ÿ&&

hZy_mZ g_mZ ~‹S> mJr Ÿ& Zqh H$moC am_ MaZ AZwamJr Ÿ&&

{JaOm Omgw àr{V go~H$mB© Ÿ& ~ma ~ma à^w {ZO _wI JmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Vo{h Adga _w{Z ZmaX AmE H$aVb ~rZ Ÿ&

JmdZ bmJo am_ H$b H$sa{V gXm Z~rZ Ÿ&&50Ÿ&&

_m_dbmoH$` n§H$O bmoMZ Ÿ& H¥$nm {~bmoH${Z gmoM {~_moMZ Ÿ&&

Zrb Vm_ag ñ`m_ H$m_A[a Ÿ& öX` H§$O _H$a§X _Ywn h[a Ÿ&&

OmVwYmZ ~ê$W ~b ^§OZ Ÿ& _w{Z g‚mZ a§OZ AK J§OZ Ÿ&&

^ygwa g{g Zd ~¥§X ~bmhH$ Ÿ& AgaZ gaZ XrZ OZ JmhH$ Ÿ&&

40

^wO~b {dnwb ^ma _{h I§{S>V Ÿ& Ia XyfZ {~amY ~Y n§{S>V Ÿ&&

amdZm[a gwI ê$n ^yn ~a Ÿ& O` XgaW Hw$b Hw$_wX gwYmH$a Ÿ&&

gwOgw nwamZ {~{XV {ZJ_mJ_ Ÿ& JmdV gwa _w{Z g§V g_mJ_ Ÿ&&

H$méZrH$ ã`brH$ _X I§S>Z Ÿ& g~ {~{Y Hw$gb H$mogbm _§S>Z Ÿ&&

H${b _b _WZ Zm __VmhZ Ÿ& Vwb{gXmg à^w nm{h àZV OZ Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ào_ g{hV _w{Z ZmaX ~a{Z am_ JwZ J«m_ Ÿ&

gmo mqgYw öX`± Y[a ŸJE Ohm± {~{Y Ym_ Ÿ&&51Ÿ&&

{J[aOm gwZhþ {~gX o H$Wm Ÿ& _¢ g~ H$hr _mo[a _{V OWm Ÿ&&

am_M[aV gV H$mo{Q>> Anmam Ÿ& lw[V gmaXm Z ~aZ¡ nmam Ÿ&&

am_w AZ§V AZ§V JwZmZr Ÿ& OÝ_ H$_© AZ§V Zm_mZr Ÿ&&

Ob grH$a _{h aO J{Z Omht Ÿ& aKwn{V M[aV Z ~a{Z {gamht Ÿ&&

{~_b H$Wm h[anX Xm`Zr Ÿ& J{V hmoB© gw{Z AZnm`Zr Ÿ&&

C_m H$hoC± g~ H$Wm gwZmB© Ÿ& Omo wgw§{S> IJn{V{h gwZmB© Ÿ&&

H$Nw>H$ am_ JwZ H$hoC± ~ImZr Ÿ& A~ H$m H$hm¢ gmo H$hhþ dmZr Ÿ&&

gw{Z gw H$Wm C_m hafmZr Ÿ& ~mobr A{V {~ZrV _¥Xw ~mZr Ÿ&&

YÝ` YÝ` _¢ YÝ` nwamar Ÿ& gwZoC± am_ JwZ ^` ^d hmar Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Vwåhar H¥$nm H¥$nm`Z A~ H¥$VH¥$Ë` Z _moh Ÿ&

OmZoC± am_ àVmn à^w {MXmZÝX g§Xmoh Ÿ&&

ZmW VdmZZ g{g òdV H$Wm gwYm aKw~ra Ÿ&

ldZ nwQ>pÝh _Z nmZ H$[a Zqh AKmV _{VYra Ÿ&&52Ÿ&&

am_M[aV Oo gwZV AKmht Ÿ& ag {~gof OmZm {VÝh Zmht Ÿ&&

OrdZÝ_wº$ _hm_w{Z OoD$ Ÿ& h[a JwZ gwZqh {Za§Va VoD$ Ÿ&&

^dgmJa Mh nma Omo nmdm Ÿ& am_ H$Wm Vm H$h±þ Ñ‹T> Jmdm Ÿ&&

{dfBÝh H$h± nw{Z h[a JwZ J«m_m Ÿ& òdZ gwIX Aé _Z A{âm_m Ÿ&&

g«dZd§V Ag H$mo OJ _mht Ÿ& Om{h Z aKwn{V M[aV gwhmht Ÿ&&

Vo O‹S> Ord {ZOmË_H$ KmVr Ÿ& {OÝh{h Z aKwn{V H$Wm gwhmVr Ÿ&&

h[aM[aÌ_mZg Vwåh Jmdm Ÿ& gw{Z _¢ ZmW A{_V gwI nmdm Ÿ&&

41

Vwåh Omo H$hr `h H$Wm gwhmB© Ÿ& H$mJ^wgw§{S> Jé‹S> à{V JmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - {~a{V kmZ {~kmZ Ñ‹T> am_ MaZ A{V Zoh Ÿ&

~m`g VZ aKwn{V J{V _mo{h na_ g§Xoh Ÿ&&53Ÿ&&

Za ghò _h± gwZhþ nwamar Ÿ& H$moC EH$ hmoB Y_©~«V Ymar Ÿ&&

Y_©grb H$mo{Q>H$ _h± H$moB© Ÿ& {df` {~_wI {~amJ aV hmoB© Ÿ&&

H$mo{Q> {~aº$ _Ü` lw{V H$hB© Ÿ& gå`H$ kmZ gH¥$V H$moC bhB© Ÿ&&

kmZd§V H$mo{Q>H$ _h± H$moD$ Ÿ& OrdÝ_wº$ gH¥$V OJ gmoD$ Ÿ&&

{VÝh ghg _h± g~ gwI ImZr Ÿ& Xwb© ~«÷brZ {~kmZr Ÿ&&

Y_©grb {~aº$ Aé kmZr Ÿ& OrdZÝ_wº$ ~«÷ na àmZr Ÿ&&

g~ V| gmo Xwb© gwaam`m Ÿ& am_ ^J{V aV JV _X _m`m Ÿ&&

gmo h[a J{V H$mJ {H${_ nmB© Ÿ& {~ñdZmW _mo{h H$hhþ ~wPmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - am_ nam`Z kmZ aV JwZmJma _{V Yra Ÿ&

ZmW H$hhþ Ho${h H$maZ nmEC H$mJ gara Ÿ&&54Ÿ&&

`h à^w M[aV n{dÌ gwhmdm Ÿ& H$hhþ H¥$nmb H$mJ H$h± nmdm Ÿ&&

Vwåh Ho${h m±{V gwZm _XZmar Ÿ& H$hhþ _mo{h A{V H$m¡VwH$ mar Ÿ&&

Jé‹S> _hm kmZr JwZamgr Ÿ& h[agodH$ A{V {ZH$Q> {Zdmgr Ÿ&&

Vo{h Ho${h hoVw H$mJ gZ OmB© Ÿ& gwZr H$Wm _w{Z {ZH$a {~hmB© Ÿ&&

H$hhþ H$dZ {~{Y m g§~mXm Ÿ& XmoC h[a JV H$mJ CaJmXm Ÿ&&

Jm¡[a {Jam _w{Z gab gwhmB© Ÿ& ~mobo {gd gmXa gwI nmB© Ÿ&&

YÝ` gVr nmd{Z _{V Vmoar Ÿ& aKwn{V MaZ àr{V Zqh Wmoar Ÿ&&

gwZhþ na_ nwZrV B{Vhmgm Ÿ& Omo gw{Z gH$b bmoH$ «_ Zmgm Ÿ&&

CnOB am_ MaZ {~ñdmgm Ÿ& d{Z{Y Va Za {~Zqh à`mgm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Eo{gA àñZ {~h§Jn{V ŸH$spÝh H$mJ gZ OmB Ÿ&

gmo g~ gmXa H${hhm¢ gwZhþ C_m _Z bmB Ÿ&&55Ÿ&&

_¢ {O{_ H$Wm gwZr ` _moM{Z Ÿ& gmo àg§J gwZw gw_w{I gwbmoM{Z Ÿ&&

n«W_ Xj J¥h V~ AdVmam Ÿ& gVr Zm_ V~ ahm Vwåhmam Ÿ&&

Xj k V~ m An_mZm Ÿ& Vwåh A{V H«$moY VOo V~ àmZm Ÿ&&

42

__ AZwMaÝh H$sÝh _I ^§Jm Ÿ& OmZhþ Vwåh gmo gH$b àg§Jm Ÿ&&

V~ A{V gmoM EC _Z _moao Ÿ& gwIr EC± {~`moJ {à` Vmoao Ÿ&&

gwÝXa ~Z {J[a g[aV V‹S>mJm Ÿ& H$m¡VwH$ XoIZ {\$am¢ ~oamJm Ÿ&&

{J[a gw_oé CÎma {X{g Xyar Ÿ& Zrb g¡b EH$ gwÝXa ^yar Ÿ&&

Vmgw H$ZH$_` {gIa gwhmE Ÿ& Mm[a Mmé _moao _Z ^mE Ÿ&&

{VÝh na EH$ EH$ {~Q>n {~gmbm Ÿ& ~Q> nrna nmH$ar agmbm Ÿ&&

g¡bmon[a ga gwÝXa gmohm Ÿ& _{Z gmonmZ Xo{I _Z _mohm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - grVb A_b _Ywa Ob ObO {~nwb ~hþ a§J Ÿ&

Hy$OV H$bad h§g JZ Jw§OV _§Owb ^¥§J Ÿ&&56Ÿ&&

Vo{h {J[a é{Ma ~gB IJ gmoB© Ÿ& Vmgw Zmg H$bnm§V Z hmoB© Ÿ&&

_m`mH¥$V JwZ Xmof AZoH$m Ÿ& _moh _ZmoO Am{X A{~~oH$m Ÿ&&

aho ã`m{n g_ñV OJ _mht Ÿ& Vo{h {J[a {ZH$Q> H$~hþ± Zqh Omht Ÿ&&

Vh± ~{g h[a{h OB {O{_ H$mJm Ÿ& gmo gwZw C_m g{hV AZwamJm Ÿ&&

nrna Vé Va Ü`mZ gmo YaB© Ÿ& Omn `k nmH$[a Va H$aB© Ÿ&&

Am±d N>m±h H$a _mZg nyOm Ÿ& V{O h[a ÔZw H$mOw Zqh XyOm Ÿ&&

~a Va H$h h[a H$Wm àg§Jm Ÿ& Amdqh gwZqh AZoH$ {~h§Jm Ÿ&&

am_ M[aV {d{MÌ {~{Y ZmZm Ÿ& ào_ g{hV H$a gmXa _mZm Ÿ&&

gwZqh gH$b _{V {~_b _ambm Ÿ& ~gqh {Za§Va Oo Vo{h H$mbm Ÿ&&

O~ _¢ OmB gmo H$m¡VwH$ XoIm Ÿ& Ca CnOm AmZÝX {~gofm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - V~ H$Nw> H$mb _amb VZw Y[a Vh± H$sÝh {Z~mg Ÿ&

gmXa gw{Z aKwn{V JwZ nw{Z AmEC± H¡$bmg Ÿ&&57Ÿ&&

{J[aOm H$hC± gmo g~ B{Vhmgm Ÿ& _¢ Oo{h g_` JEC± IJ nmgm Ÿ&&

A~ gmo H$Wm gwZhþ Oo{h hoVy Ÿ& JE H$mJ nqh IJHw$b Ho$Vy Ÿ&&

O~ aKwZmW H$spÝh aZ H«$s‹S>m Ÿ& g_wPV M[aV hmoV _mo{h ~«r‹S>m Ÿ&&

B§ÐOrVH$a Amnw ~§Ym`mo Ÿ& O~ ZmaX _w{Z Jé‹S> nR>m`mo Ÿ&&

~§YZ H$mo{Q>> J`mo CaJmXm Ÿ& CnOm öX`± àM§S> {~fmXm Ÿ&&

à^w ~§YZ g_wPV ~hþ m±Vr Ÿ& H$aV {~Mma CaJAmamVr Ÿ&&

43

ã`mnH$ ~«÷ {~aO ~mJrgm Ÿ& _m`m _moh nma na_rgm Ÿ&&

gmo AdVma gwZoC± OJ _mht Ÿ& XoIoC± gmo à^md H$Nw> Zmht Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ^` ~§YZ V| Ny>Q>qh Za O{n Om H$a Zm_ Ÿ&

I~© {ZgmMa ~m§YoC ZmJnmg gmoB am_ Ÿ&&58Ÿ&&

ZmZm m±{V _Z{h g_wPmdm Ÿ& àJQ> Z kmZ öX`± «_ N>m`m Ÿ&&

IoX {IÞ _Z VH©$ ~‹T>mB© Ÿ& EC _moh ~g Vwåh[aqh ZmBª Ÿ&&

ã`mHw$b JEC Xod[a{f nmht Ÿ& H$ho{g Omo g§g` {ZO _Z _m±ht Ÿ&&

gw{Z ZmaX{h bm{JA{V Xm`m Ÿ& gwZw IJ à~b am_ H¡$ _m`m Ÿ&&

Omo ½`m{ZÝh H$a {MV AnhaB© Ÿ& ~[aAmB© {~_moh _Z H$aB© Ÿ&&

Oo{h ~hþ ~ma ZMmdm _moht Ÿ& gmoB ã`mnr {~h§Jn{V Vmohr Ÿ&&

_hm_moh CnOm Ca Vmoao Ÿ& {_{Q>{h Z ~o{J H$ho IJ _moao Ÿ&&

MVwamZZ nqh Omhþ IJogm Ÿ& gmoB© H$aohþ Oo{h hmoB {ZXogm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Ag H${h Mbo Xod[a{f H$aV am_ JwZ JmZ Ÿ&

h[a _m`m ~b ~aZV nw{Z nw{Z na_ gwOmZ Ÿ&&59Ÿ&&

V~ IJn{V {~a§{Mn{h JED$ Ÿ& {ZO g§Xoh gwZmdV ED$ Ÿ&&

gw{Z {~a§{M am_{h {gé Zmdm Ÿ& g_w{P àVmn ào_ Ca N>mdm Ÿ&&

_Z _hþ± H$aB {~Mma {dYmVm Ÿ& _m`m~g H${~ H$mo{~X kmVm Ÿ&&

h[a _m`m H$a A{_V à^mdm Ÿ& {~nwb ~ma Oo{h _moqh ZMmdm Ÿ&&

AJOJ _` OJ __ CnamOm Ÿ& Zqh AmMaO _moh IJamOm Ÿ&&

V~ ~mobo {~{Y {Jam gwhmB© Ÿ& OmZ _hog am_ à^wVmB© Ÿ&&

~¡ZVo g§H$a nqh Omhÿ Ÿ& VmV AZV nyN>hw O{Z H$mhÿ± Ÿ&&

Vh± hmoB{h g~ g§g` hmZr Ÿ& MboC {~h§J gwZV {~{Y ~mZr Ÿ&&

Xmo. - na_mVwa {dh§Jn{V AmEC V~ _mo nmg Ÿ&

OmV ahoC± Hw$~oa J¥h a{hhþ C_m H¡$bmg Ÿ&&60Ÿ&&

Vo{h __ nX gmXa {gé Zmdm Ÿ& nw{Z AmnZ g§Xoh gwZm`m Ÿ&&

gw{Z VmH$[a {~ZVr _¥Xw ~mZr Ÿ& ào_ g{hV _¢ H$h¡C± dmZr Ÿ&&

{_bohþ Jé‹S> _maJ _h± _mohr Ÿ& H$dZ m±{V g_wPmdm¢ Vmohr Ÿ&&

44

V{h hmoB g~ g§g` §Jm Ÿ& O~ ~hþ H$mb H$[aA gVg§Jm Ÿ&&

gw{ZA Vhm± h[a H$Wm gwhmB© Ÿ& ZmZm _m±{V _w{ZÝh Omo JmB© Ÿ&&

Oo{h _h±þ Am{X _Ü` AdgmZm Ÿ& à^w à{VnmÚ am_w JdmZm Ÿ&&

{ZV h[a H$Wm hmo{V Oh± ^mB© Ÿ& nR>dm¢ Vhm± gwZhþ Vwåh OmB© Ÿ&&

OmB{h gwZV gH$b g§Xohm Ÿ& am_MaZ hmoB{h A{V Zohm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - {~Zw gVg§J Z h[a H$Wm Vo{h {~Zw _moh Z ^mJ Ÿ&

_moh JE {~Zw am_ nX hmoB Z Ñ‹T> AZwamJ Ÿ&&61Ÿ&&

{_bqh Z aKwn{V {~Zw AZwamJm Ÿ& {H$E± OmoJ On kmZ {~amJm Ÿ&&

CÎma {X{g gwÝXa {J[a Zrbm Ÿ& Vh± ah H$mJ ^wgw§{S> gwgrbm Ÿ&&

am_ J{V nW na_ à~rZm Ÿ& kmZr JwZJ¥h ~hþH$mbrZm Ÿ&&

am_ H$Wm gmo H$hB {Za§Va Ÿ& gmXa gwZqh {~{~Y {~h§J ~a Ÿ&&

OmB gwZhþ Vh± h[aJwZ ^yar Ÿ& hmoB{h _mohO{ZV XwI Xyar Ÿ&&

_¢ O~ Vo{h g~ H$hm ~wPmB© Ÿ& MboC ha{f __ nX {gé ZmB© Ÿ&

Vm V| C_m Z _¢ g_wPmdm Ÿ& aKwn{V H¥$nm _a_ _¢ nmdm Ÿ&&

hmoB{h H$sÝh H$~h±þ A{^_mZm Ÿ& gmo Imod¡ Mh H¥$nm{ZYmZm Ÿ&&

H$Nw> Vo{h V| nw{Z _¢ Z{h amIm Ÿ& g_wPB IJ IJ hr H¡$ ^mfm Ÿ&&

à^w _m`m ~bd§V dmZr Ÿ& Om{h Z _moh H$~Z Ag kmZr Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ½`mZr JV {gamo_{Z {Ì^wdZ n{V H$a OmZ Ÿ&

Vm{h _moh _m`m Za nm±da H$a{h Jw_mZ Ÿ&&

{gd {~a§{M H$h± _moh¡ H$mo h¡ ~nwam AmZ Ÿ&

Ag {O` Om{Z Oqh _w{Z _m`mn{V JdmZ Ÿ&&62Ÿ&&

JEC Jé‹S> Oh± ~gB ^wgw§S>r Ÿ& _{V AHw§$R> h[a ^J{V AI§S>r Ÿ&&

Xo{I g¡b àgÞ _Z ED$ Ÿ& _m`m _moh gmoM g~ JED$ Ÿ&&

H$[a V‹S>mJ _‚mZ Ob nmZm Ÿ& ~Q> Va JEC öX`± hafmZm Ÿ&&

~¥Õ ~¥Õ {~h§J Vh AmE Ÿ& gwZB am_ Ho$ M[aV gwhmE Ÿ&&

H$Wm Aa§ H$aB gmoB Mmhm Ÿ& Vohr g_` JEC IJZmhm Ÿ&&

AmdV Xo{I gH$b IJamOm Ÿ& hafoC ~m`g g{hV g_mOm Ÿ&&

45

A{V AmXa IJn{V H$a H$sÝhm Ÿ& ñdmJV ny±{N> gwAmgZ XrÝhm Ÿ&&

H$[a nyOm g_oV AZwamJm Ÿ& _Ywa ~MZ V~ ~moboC H$mJm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ZmW H¥$VmaW ÊC± _B± Vd XagZ IJamO Ÿ&

Amògw Xohþ gmo H$am¢ A~ à^w AmEhþ Ho${h H$mO Ÿ&&

gXm H¥$VmaW ê$n Vwåh H$h _¥Xw ~MZ IJog Ÿ&

Oo{h H¡$ AñVw{V gmXa {ZO _wI H$spÝh _hog Ÿ&&63Ÿ&&

gwZhþ VmV Oo{h H$maZ AmEC± Ÿ& gmo g~ JEC Xag V~ nmEC± Ÿ&&

Xo{I na_ nmdZ V~ Amò_ Ÿ& JEC _moh g§g` ZmZm «_ Ÿ&&

A~ lr am_ H$Wm A{Vnmd{Z Ÿ& gXm gwIX XwI n§yO Zgmd{Z Ÿ&&

gmXa VmV gwZmdhþ _mohr Ÿ& ~ma ~ma {~Zdm¡ à^w Vmohr Ÿ&&

gwZV Jé‹S> H¡$ {Jam {~ZrVm Ÿ& gab gwào_ gwIX gwnwZrVm Ÿ&&

ÊC Vmgw _Z na_ CN>mhm Ÿ& bmJ H$hB aKwn{V JZJmhm Ÿ&&

àW_qh A{V AZwamJ dmZr Ÿ& am_ M[aV ga H$ho{g ~ImZr Ÿ&&

nw{Z ZmaX H$a _moh Anmam Ÿ& H$ho{g ~hþ[a amdZ AdVmam Ÿ&&

à^w AdVma H$Wm nw{Z JmB© Ÿ& V~ {ggw M[aV H$ho{g _Z bmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ~mb M[aV H${h {~{~Y {~{Y _Z _h±þ na_ CN>mh Ÿ&

[a{f AmJ_Z H$ho{g nw{Z lr aKw~ra {~~mh Ÿ&&64Ÿ&&

~hþ[a am_ A{^foH$ àg§Jm Ÿ& nw{Z Z¥n ~MZ amO ag §Jm Ÿ&&

nwa ~m{gÝh H$a {~ah {~fmXm Ÿ& H$ho{g am_ b{N>_Z g§~mXm Ÿ&&

{~{nZ J~Zw Ho$dQ> AZwamJm Ÿ& gwag[a CV[a {Zdmg à`mJm Ÿ&&

~mb_r{H$ à^w {_bZ ~ImZm Ÿ& {MÌHy$Q> {O{_ ~go JdmZm Ÿ&&

H$[a Z¥n {H«$`m g§J nwa~mgr Ÿ& âV JE Oh± à^w gwIamgr Ÿ&&

nw{Z aKwn{V ~hþ {~{Y g_wPmE Ÿ& b¡ nmXwH$m AdYnwa AmE Ÿ&&

âV ah{Z gwan{VgwV H$aZr Ÿ& à^w Aé A{Ì |Q> nw{Z ~aZr Ÿ&&

Xmo. - H${h {~amJ ~Y Oo{h {~{Y Xoh VOr ga^§J Ÿ&

H$a{Z gwVrN>Z àr{V nw{Z à^w AJpñV gZ g§J Ÿ&&65Ÿ&&

H${h X§S>H$ ~Z nmdZVmB© Ÿ& JrY _BÌr nw{Z Vo{h JmB© Ÿ&&

46

nw{Z à^w n§MdQ>r H¥$V ~mgm Ÿ& §Or gH$b _w{ZÝh H$s Ìmgm Ÿ&&

nw{Z b{N>_Z CnXog AZynm Ÿ& gynZIm {O{_ H$spÝh Hw$ê$nm Ÿ&&

IaXyfZ ~Y ~hþ[a ~ImZm Ÿ& {O{_ g~w _a_w XgmZZ OmZm Ÿ&&

XgH§$Ya _marM ~VH$hr Ÿ& Oo{h {~{Y B© gmo g~ Vo{h H$hr Ÿ&&

nw{Z _m`m grVm H$a haZm Ÿ& lraKw~ra {~ah H$Nw> ~aZm Ÿ&&

nw{Z à^w JrY {H«$`m {O{_ H$sÝhr Ÿ& ~{Y H$~§Y g~[a{h J{V XrÝhr Ÿ&&

~hþ[a {~ah ~aZV aKw~ram Ÿ& Oo{h {~{Y JE gamoda Vram Ÿ&&

Xmo. - à^w ZmaX g§~mX H${h _mé{V {_bZ àg§J Ÿ&

nw{Z gwJ«rd {_VmB© ~m{b _mZ H$a §J Ÿ&&66Ÿ&&

Oo{h {~{Y H${nn{V H$sg nR>mE Ÿ& grVm ImoO gH$b {X{g YmE Ÿ&&

{~~a à~og H$sÝh Oo{h m±Vr Ÿ& H${nÝh ~hmo[a {_bm g§nmVr Ÿ&&

gw{Z g~ H$Wm g_raHw$_mam Ÿ& Zm±KV EC n`mo{Y Anmam Ÿ&&

b§H$m H${n à~og {O{_ H$sÝhm Ÿ& nw{Z grV{h YraOw {O{_ XrÝhm Ÿ&&

~Z COm[a amdZ{h à~moYr Ÿ& nwa X{h Zm±KoC ~hþ[a n`moYr Ÿ&&

AmE H${n g~ Oh± aKwamB© Ÿ& ~¡Xohr H$s Hw$gb gwZmB© Ÿ&&

goZ g_oV OWm aKw~ram Ÿ& CVao OmB ~m[a{Z{Y Vram Ÿ&&

{_bm {~^rfZw Oo{h {~{Y AmB© Ÿ& gmJa {ZJ«h H$Wm gwZmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - goVw ~m±{Y H${n goZ {O{_ CVar gmJa nma Ÿ&

JEC ~grR>r ~ra ~a Oo{h {~{Y ~m{bHw$_ma Ÿ&&

{Z{gMa H$sg bamB© ~a{Z{g {~{~Y àH$ma Ÿ&

Hw§$^H$aZ KZZmX H$a ~b nm¡éf g§Kma Ÿ&&67Ÿ&&

{Z{gMa {ZH$a _aZ {~{Y ZmZm Ÿ& aKwn{V amdZ g_a ~ImZm Ÿ&&

amdZ ~Y _§XmoX[a gmoH$m Ÿ& amOw {~frgZ Xod AgmoH$m Ÿ&&

grVm aKwn{V {_bZ ~hmoar Ÿ& gwaÝh H$spÝh AñVw{V H$a Omoar Ÿ&&

nw{Z nwînH$ M{‹T> H${nÝh g_oVm Ÿ& AdY Mbo à^w H¥$nm {ZHo$Vm Ÿ&&

Oo{h {~{Y am_ ZJa {ZO AmE Ÿ& ~m`g {~gX M[aV g~ JmE Ÿ&&

H$ho{g ~hmo[a am_ A{^foH$m Ÿ& nwa ~aZV Z¥nZr{V AZoH$m Ÿ&&

47

H$Wm g_ñV ^wgw§{S> ~ImZr Ÿ& Omo _¢ Vwåh _Z na_ dmZr Ÿ&&

_w{Z g~ am_ H$Wm IJJmhm Ÿ& H$hV ~MZ _Z na_ CN>mhm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - JEC _moa g§Xoh gwZoC± gH$b aKwn{V M[aV Ÿ&

ÊC am_ nX Zoh Vd àgmX aZ _hþ± ~m`g{VbH$ Ÿ&&

_mo{h EC A{V _moh à^w ~§YZ aZ _h±þ {Za{I Ÿ&

{MXmZÝX g§Xmoh am_ {~H$b H$maZ H$dZ Ÿ&&68Ÿ&&

Xo{I M[aV A{V Za AZwgmar Ÿ& EC öX`± __ g§g` ^mar Ÿ&&

gmoB «_ A~ {hV H$[a _¢ OmZm Ÿ& H$sÝh AZwJ«h H¥$nm{ZYmZm Ÿ&&

Omo A{V AmVn ã`mHw$b hmoB© Ÿ& Vé N>m`m gwI OmZB gmoB© Ÿ&&

Om¢ Zqh hmoV _moh A{V _mohr Ÿ& {_bVoC± VmV H$dZ {~{Y Vmohr Ÿ&&

gwZVoC± {H${_ h[a H$Wm gwhmB© Ÿ& A{V {d{MÌ ~hþ {~{Y Vwåh JmB© Ÿ&&

{ZJ_mJ_ nwamZ _V ohm Ÿ& H$hqh {gÕ _w{Z Zqh g§Xohm Ÿ&&

g§V {dgwÕ {_b{h n[a Vohr Ÿ& {MVdqh am_w H¥$nm H$[a Ooht Ÿ&&

am_ H¥$nm V~ XagZ ED$ Ÿ& V~ àgmX g~ g§g` JED$ Ÿ&&

Xmo. - gw{Z {~h§Jn{V ~mZr g{hV {dZ` AZwamJ Ÿ&

nwb{H$ JmV bmoMZ gOb _Z hafoC A{V H$mJ Ÿ&&

òmoVm gw_{V gwgrb gw{M H$Wma{gH$ h[aXmg Ÿ&

nmB OÝ_ A{V Jmoß`_{n g‚mZ H$aqh àH$mg Ÿ&&69Ÿ&&

~moboC H$mJ^wgw§{S> ~hmoar Ÿ& Z^JZmW na àr{V Z Wmoar Ÿ&&

g~ {~{Y ZmW nyÁ` Vwåh _oao Ÿ& H¥$nmnmÌ aKwZm`H$ Ho$ao Ÿ&&

Vwåh{h Z g§g` _moh Z _m`m Ÿ& _mo na ZmW H$spÝh Vwåh Xm`m Ÿ&&

nR>B _mo{h {_g IJn{V Vmohr Ÿ& aKwn{V XrpÝh ~‹S>mB© _mohr Ÿ&&

Vwåh {ZO _moh H$hr IJgmBª Ÿ& gmo Zqh H$Nw> AmMaO JmogmBª Ÿ&&

ZmaX d {~a§{M gZH$mXr Ÿ& Oo _w{ZZm`H$ AmV_~mXr Ÿ&&

_moh Z A§Y H$sÝh Ho${h Ho$hr Ÿ& H$mo OJ H$m_ ZMmd Z Oohr Ÿ&&

V¥ñZm Ho$qh Z H$sÝh ~m¡amhm Ÿ& Ho${h H$a öX` H«$moY Zqh Xmhm Ÿ&&

48

Xmo. - ½`mZr Vmng gya H${~ H$mo{~X JwZ AmJma Ÿ&

Ho${h Ho$ bmo {~S>§~Zm H$s{Ýh Z o{h g§gma Ÿ&&

lr_X² ~H$ Z H$sÝh Ho${h Ÿ à^wVm ~{Ya Z H$m{h Ÿ&

_¥JbmoM{Z bmoMZ ga H$mo Ag bmJ Z Om{h Ÿ&&70Ÿ&&

JwZ H¥$V gÝ`nmV Zqh Ho$hr Ÿ& H$moC Z _mZ _X VOoC {Z~ohr Ÿ&&

Om¡~Z Áda Ho${h Zqh ~bH$mdm Ÿ& __Vm Ho${h H$a Ogw Zgmdm Ÿ&&

_ÀN>a Ho${h H$b§H$ Z bmdm Ÿ& H$m{h Z gmoH$ g_ra S>mobmdm Ÿ&&

qMVm gm±{n{Z H$mo Zqh Im`m Ÿ& H$mo OJ Om{h Z ã`mnr _m`m Ÿ&&

H$sQ> _ZmoaW Xmé garam Ÿ& Oo{h Z bmJ KwZ H$mo Ag Yram Ÿ&&

gwV {~V bmoH$ B©fZm VrZr Ÿ& Ho${h H¡$ _{V BÝh H¥$V Z _brZr Ÿ&&

`h g~ _m`m H$a n[admam Ÿ& à~b A{_{V H$mo ~aZ¡ nmam Ÿ&&

{gd MVwamZZ Om{h S>oamht Ÿ& Ana Ord Ho${h boIo _mht Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ã`m{Y ahoC g§gma _h±þ _m`m H$Q>H$ àM§S> Ÿ&

goZmn{V H$m_m{X Q> X§ H$nQ> nmI§S> Ÿ&&

gmo Xmgr aKw~ra H¡$ g_Po {_Ï`m gmo{n &

Ny>Q> Z am_ H¥$nm {~Zw ZmW H$hm¢ nX amo{n Ÿ&&71Ÿ&&

Omo _m`m g~ OJ{h ZMmdm Ÿ& Omgw M[aV b{I H$mhþ Z nmdm Ÿ&&

gmoB à^w ^«y {~bmg IJamOm Ÿ& ZmM ZQ>r Bd g{hV g_mOm Ÿ&&

gmoB g{ƒXmZÝX KZ am_m Ÿ& AO {~kmZ ê$n JwZ Ym_m Ÿ&&

ã`mnH$ ã`m{n AI§S> AZ§Vm Ÿ& A{Ib A_moK g{º$ Jd§Vm Ÿ&&

AJwZ AX^« {JamJmoVrVm Ÿ& g~Xagr AZ~Ú AOrVm Ÿ&&

{Z_©b {ZamH$ma{Z_m}hr Ÿ& {ZË` {Za§OZ gwIg§Xmohm Ÿ&&

àH¥${V nma à^w g~ Ca ~mgr Ÿ& ~«÷ {Zarh {~aO A{~Zmgr Ÿ&&

Bhm§ _moh H$a H$maZ Zmht Ÿ& a{~ gÝ_wI V_ H$~hþ± {H$ Omht Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ^JV hoVw ^J~mZ à^w am_ YaoC VZw ^yn Ÿ&

{H$E M[aV nmdZ na_ ŸàmH¥$V Za AZwê$n Ÿ&&

OWm AZoH$ ~of Y[a Z¥Ë` H$aB ZQ> H$moB Ÿ&

49

gmoB gmoB md XoImdB AmnwZ hmoB Z gmoB Ÿ&&72Ÿ&&

A{g aKwn{V brbm CaJmar Ÿ& XZwO {~_moh{Z OZ gwIH$mar Ÿ&&

Oo _{V _{bZ {~f` ~g H$m_r Ÿ& à^w na _moh Yaqh B{_ ñdm_r Ÿ&&

Z`Z Xmof Om H$h± O~ hmoB© Ÿ& nrV ~aZ g{g H$h±þ H$h gmoB© Ÿ&&

O~ Oo{h {X{g^«_ hmoB© IJogm Ÿ& gmo H$h npÀN>_ CEC {XZogm Ÿ&&

Zm¡H$mê$n MbV OJ XoIm Ÿ& AMb _moh~g Amnw{h boIm Ÿ&&

~mbH$ «_{h Z «_{h J¥hmXr Ÿ& H$hqh nagna {_Ï`m~mXr Ÿ&&

h[a {~fBH$ AI$ _moh {~h§Jm Ÿ& gnZohþ± Zqh A½`mZ àg§Jm Ÿ&&

_m`m~g _{V_§X A^mJr Ÿ& öX`± O_{ZH$m ~hþ {~{Y bmJr Ÿ&&

Vo gR> hR>~g g§g` H$aht Ÿ& {ZO AkmZ am_ na Yaht Ÿ&&

Xmo. - H$m_ H«$moY _X bmo aV J¥hmgº$ XwI ê$n Ÿ&

Vo {H${_ OmZqh aKwn{V{h _y‹T> nao V_ Hy$n Ÿ&&

{ZJw©Z ê$n gwb^ A{V gJwZ OmZ Zqh H$moB Ÿ&

gwJ_ AJ_ ZmZm M[aV gw{Z _w{Z _Z «_ hmoB Ÿ&&73Ÿ&&

gwZw IJog aKwn{V à^wVmB© Ÿ& H$hr OWm_{V H$Wm gwhmB© Ÿ&&

Oo{h {~{Y _moh EC à^w _mohr Ÿ& gmoC g~ H$Wm gwZmdm¢ Vmohr Ÿ&&

am_ H¥$nm ^mOZ Vwåh VmVm Ÿ& h[a JwZ àr{V _mo{h gwIXmVm Ÿ&&

VmVo Zqh H$Nw> Vwåh{h Xwamdm¢ Ÿ& na_ ahñ` _Zmoha Jmdm¢ Ÿ&&

gwZhþ am_ H$a ghO gw mD$ Ÿ& OZ A{^_mZ Z amIqh H$mD$ Ÿ&&

g§g¥{V _yb VybnX ZmZm Ÿ& gH$b gmoH$Xm`H$ A{^_mZm Ÿ&&

Vm V| H$a{h H¥$nm{Z{Y Xyar Ÿ& go~H$ na __Vm A{V ^yar Ÿ&&

{O{_ {ggw VZ _Z hmoB JmogmBª Ÿ& _mVw {Mamd H${R>Z H$s ZmBª Ÿ&&

Xmo. - OX{n àW_ XwI nmdB amIB ~mb AYra Ÿ&

ã`m{Y Zmg {hV OZZr JZB Z gmo {ggw nra Ÿ&&

{V{_ {ZO Xmg H$a ha{h _mZ {hV bm{J ŸŸŸ&

Vwb{gXmg aKwn{V Eogo à^w{h H$g Z Ohþ «_ Ë`m{J &&74Ÿ&&

am_ H¥$nm Amn{Z O‹S>VmB Ÿ& H$hm¢ IJog gwZhþ _Z bmBª Ÿ&&

50

O~ O~ am_ _ZwO VZw Yaht Ÿ& ^JV hoVw brbm ~hþ H$aht Ÿ&&

V~ V~ AdYnwar _¢ OmD±$ Ÿ& ~mb M[aV {~bmo{H$ hafmD±$ Ÿ&&

OZ_ _hmoËgd XoIm¢ OmB© Ÿ& ~af nm±M Vh± ahm¡ bmo mB© Ÿ&&

Bï> Xod __ ~mbH$ am_m Ÿ& gmo m ~nwf H$mo{Q> gV H$m_m Ÿ&&

{ZO à^w dXZ {Zhm[a {Zhmar Ÿ& bmoMZ gw\$b H$am¢ CaJmar Ÿ&&

bKw ~m`g ~nw Y[a h[a g§Jm Ÿ& XoIm¢ ~mb M[aV ~hþ a§Jm Ÿ&&

Xm|. - b[aH$mB© Oh± Oh± {\$aqh Vh± Vh± g§J C‹S>mC±

OyR>{Z naB A{Oa _h± gmo CR>mB H$[a ImC± Ÿ&&

EH$ ~ma A{V g¡g~± M[aV {H$E aKw~ra Ÿ&

gw{_aV à^w brbm gmoB nwb{H$V EC gara Ÿ&&75Ÿ&&

H$hB ^wgw±{S> gwZhþ IJZm`H$ Ÿ& am_ M[aV godH$ gwIXm`H$ Ÿ&&

Z¥n _§{Xa gwÝXa g~ ^m±Vr Ÿ& I{MV H$ZH$ _{Z ZmZm OmVr Ÿ&&

~a{Z Z OmB é{Ma A§JZmB© Ÿ& Oh± Iobqh {ZV Mm[aC ^mB© Ÿ&&

~mb {dZmoX H$aV aKwamB© Ÿ& {~MaV A{Oa OZ{Z gwIXmB© Ÿ&&

_aH$V _¥Xwb H$boda ñ`m_m Ÿ& A§J A§J à{V N>{~ ~hþ H$m_m Ÿ&&

Zd amOrd AéZ _¥Xw MaZm Ÿ& nXO é{Ma ZI g{g Xw{V haZm Ÿ&&

b{bV A§H$ Hw${bgm{XH$ Mmar Ÿ& Zynwa Mmé _Ywa ad H$mar Ÿ&&

Mmé nwaQ> _{Z a{MV ~VmB© Ÿ& H${Q> qH${H${Z H$b _wIa gwhmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - aoIm Ì` gwÝXa CXa Zm{^ é{Ma J§ ra Ÿ&

Ca Am`V «mOV {~{~Y ~mb {~_yfZ Mra Ÿ&&76Ÿ&&

AéZ nm{Z ZI H$aO _Zmoha Ÿ& ~mhþ {~gmb {~^wfZ gwÝXa Ÿ&&

H§$Y ~mb Ho$h[a Xa J«rdm± Ÿ& Mmé {M~wH$ AmZZ N>{~ grdm± Ÿ&&

H$b~b ~MZ AYa AéZmao Ÿ& XwB XwB XgZ {~gX ~a ~mao Ÿ&&

b{bV H$nmob _Zmoha Zmgm Ÿ& gH$b gwIX g{gH$a g_ hmgm Ÿ&&

Zrb H§$O bmoMZ ^d _moMZ Ÿ& ^«mOV mb {VbH$ JmoamoMZ Ÿ&&

{~H$Q> ^¥Hw${Q> g_ g«dZ gwhmE Ÿ& Hw§${MV H$M _oMH$ N>{~ N>mE Ÿ&&

nrV Pr{Z PJwbr VZ gmohr Ÿ& {H$bH${Z {MV~{Z md{V _mohr Ÿ&&

51

ê$nam{g Z¥n A{Oa {~hmar Ÿ& ZmMqh {ZO à{Vq~~ {Zhmar Ÿ&&

_mo{h gZ H$aqh {~{~Y {~{Y H«$s‹S>m Ÿ& ~aZV _mo{h hmo{V A{V ~«r‹S>m Ÿ&&

{H$bH$V _mo{h YaZ O~ Ymdqh Ÿ& Mbm¢ m{J V~ nyn XoImdqh Ÿ&&

Xmo. - AmdV {ZH$Q> hg{h à^w ^mOV éXZ H$amqh Ÿ&

OmC± g_rn JhZ nX {\$[a {\$[a {MVB namqh Ÿ&&

àmH¥$V {ggw Bd brbm Xo{I EC _mo{h _moh Ÿ&

H$dZ M[aV H$aV à^w {MXmZÝX g§Xmoh Ÿ&&77Ÿ&&

EVZm _Z AmZV IJam`m Ÿ& aKwn{V ào[aV ã`mnr _m`m Ÿ&&

gmo _m`m Z XwIX _mo{h H$mhr Ÿ& AmZ Ord Bd g§g¥{V Zmhr Ÿ&&

ZmW Bhm± Hw$N> H$maZ AmZm Ÿ& gwZhþ gmo gmdYmZ h[aOmZm Ÿ&&

½`mZ AI§S> EH$ grVm~a Ÿ& _m`m~ñ` Ord gMamMa Ÿ&&

Om¡ g~ Ho$ ah kmZ EH$ ag Ÿ& B©ñda Ordqh ôX H$hhþ H$g Ÿ&&

_m`m ~ñ` Ord A{^_mZr Ÿ& B©g ~ñ` _m`m JwZImZr Ÿ&&

na~g Ord ñd~g Jd§Vm Ÿ& Ord AZoH$ EH$ lrH§$Vm Ÿ&&

_wYm oX OÚ{n H¥$V _m`m Ÿ& {~Zw h[a OmB Z H$mo{Q> Cnm`m Ÿ&&

Xmo. - am_MÝÐ Ho$ OZ {~Zw Omo Mh nX {Za~mZ Ÿ&

½`mZd§V A{n gmo Za ngw {~Zw ny±N> {dfmZ Ÿ&&

amH$mn{V fmoS>f CAqh VmamJZ g_wXmB Ÿ&

gH$b {J[aÝh X~ bmBA {~Zw a{~ am{V Z OmB Ÿ&&78Ÿ&&

Eogo{h {~Zw h[a ÔZ IJogm Ÿ& {_Q>B Z OrdÝh Ho$a H$bogm Ÿ&&

h[a godH${h V ã`mn A{~Úm Ÿ& à^w ào[aV ã`mnB Vo{h {~Úm Ÿ&&

Vm V| Zmg Z hmoB Xmg H$a Ÿ& ôX ^J{V ~m‹T>B {~h§J ~a Ÿ&&

^«_ Vo M{H$V am_ H$o{h XoIm Ÿ& {~h±{g gmo gwZw M[aV {~g¡fm Ÿ&&

Vo{h H$m¡VwH$ H$a _a_w Z H$mhÿ± Ÿ& OmZm AZwO Z _mVw {nVm h±ÿ Ÿ&&

OmZwnm{Z YmE _mo{h YaZm Ÿ& ñ`m_b JmV AéZ H$a MaZm Ÿ&&

V~ _¢ ^m{J MboC± CaJmar Ÿ& am_ JhZ H$h± ^wOm ngmar Ÿ&&

{O{_ {O{_ Xy[a C‹S>mC± AH$mgm Ÿ& Vh± h[a wO XoIm¢ {ZO nmgm Ÿ&&

52

Xmo. - ~«÷bmoH$ b{J JEC± _¢ {MVEC± nmN> C‹S>mV Ÿ&

OwJ A§Jwb H$a ~rM g~ am_ ^wOqh _mo{h VmV Ÿ&&

gám~aZ ôX H$[a Ohm± bJ| J{V _mo[a

JEC± Vhm± à^w wO {Za{I ã`mHw$b EC± ~hmo[a Ÿ&&79Ÿ&&

_yXoC± Z`Z A{gV O~ ED±$ Ÿ& nw{Z {MVdV H$mogbnwa JED±$ Ÿ&&

_mo{h {~bmo{H$ am_ _wgwH$mht Ÿ& {~h±gV VwaV JEC± _wI _mht Ÿ&&

CXa _m±P gwZw A§S>Oam`m Ÿ& XoIoC± ~hþ ~«÷m§S> {ZH$m`m Ÿ&&

A{V {~{MÌ Vh± bmoH$ AZoH$m Ÿ& aMZm A{YH$ EH$ Vo EH$m Ÿ&&

H$mo{Q>Ýh MVwamZZ Jm¡argm Ÿ& AJ{ZV CS>JZ a{~ aOZrgm Ÿ&&

AJ{ZV bmoH$nmb O_ H$mbm Ÿ& AJ{ZV yYa y{_ {~gmbm Ÿ&&

gmJa g[a ga {~{nZ Anmam Ÿ& ZmZm m±{V g¥{ï> {~ñVmam Ÿ&&

gwa _w{Z ZmJ Za {H$Þa Ÿ& Mm[a àH$ma Ord gMamMa Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Omo Zqh XoIm Zqh gwZm Omo _Zhw± Z g_mB Ÿ&

gmo g~ AX² wV XoIoC± ~a{Z H$d{Z {~{Y OmB Ÿ&&

EH$ EH$ ~«÷m§S> _h±þ ahm¢ ~af gV EH$ Ÿ&

ò{h {~{Y XoIV {\$am¢ _¢ A§S>H$Q>mh AZoH$ Ÿ&&80Ÿ&&

bmoH$ bmoH$ à{V {^Þ {~YmVm Ÿ& {^Þ {~ñZw {gd _Zw {X{gÌmVm Ÿ&&

Za J§Yd© gyV ~oVmbm Ÿ& {H$Þa {Z{gMa ngw IJ ã`mbm Ÿ&&

Xod XZwO JZ ZmZm OmVr Ÿ& AH$b Ord Vh± AmZ{h ^m±Vr Ÿ&&

~g{h g[a gmJa ga {J[a ZmZm Ÿ& g~ àn§M Vh± AmZB AmZm Ÿ&&

A§S>H$mog à{V à{V {ZO ê$nm Ÿ& XoIoC± {OZgo AZoH$ AZynm Ÿ&&

AdYnwar à{V wdZ {ZZmar Ÿ& gaOy$ {^Þ {^Þ Za Zmar Ÿ&&

XgaW H$m¡gë`m gwZw VmVm Ÿ& {~{~Y ê$n aVm{X «mVm Ÿ&&

à{V ~«÷m§S> am_ AdVmam Ÿ& XoIm¢ ~mb {~ZmoX CXmam Ÿ&&

Xmo. - {^Þ _¢ XrI g~w A{V {d{MÌ h[aOmZ Ÿ&

AJ{ZV ^wdZ {\$aoC± à^w am_ Z XoIoC± AmZ Ÿ&&

gmoB {ggwnZ gmoB gmo m gmoB H¥$nmb aKw~ra Ÿ&

53

^wdZ wdZ XoIV {\$am¢ ào[aV _moh g_ra ŸŸ&&81Ÿ&&

^«_V _mo{h ~«÷m§S> AZoH$m Ÿ& ~rVo _Zhþ± H$bn gV EH$m Ÿ&&

{\$aV {\$aV {ZO Aml_ AmEC± Ÿ& Vh± nw{Z a{h H$Nw> H$mb Jdm±ED±$ Ÿ&&

{ZO à^w OZ_ AdY gw{Z nmEC± Ÿ& {Z^©a ào_ ha{f C{R> YmEC± Ÿ&&

XoIoC± OZ_ _hmoËgd OmB© Ÿ& Oo{h {~{Y àW_ H$Wm _¢ JmBª Ÿ&&

am_ CXa XoIC± OJ ZmZm Ÿ& XoIV ~ZB Z OmB ~ImZm Ÿ&&

Vh± nw{Z XoIC± am_ gwOmZm Ÿ& _m`mn{V H¥$nmb JdmZm Ÿ&&

H$am¡ {~Mma ~hmo[a ~hmo[a Ÿ& _moh H${bV ã`m{nV _{V _moar Ÿ&&

C^` Kar _h± _¢ g~ XoIm Ÿ& ÊC± ò{_V _Z _moh {~gofm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Xo{I H¥$nmb {~H$b _mo{h {~h±go V~ aKw~ra Ÿ&

{~h±gV hr _wI ~mhoa AmEC± gwZw _{VYra Ÿ&&

gmoB b[aH$mB© _mo gZ H$aZ bJo nw{Z am_ Ÿ&

H$mo{Q> m±{V g_wPmdm| _Zw Z bhB {~òm_ Ÿ&&82Ÿ&&

Xo{I M[aV `h gmo à^wVmB© Ÿ& g_wPV Xoh Xgm {~gamB© Ÿ&&

Ya{Z naoC± _wI Amd Z ~mVm Ÿ& Ìm{h Ìm{h AmaV OZ ÌmVm Ÿ&&

ào_mHw$b à^w _mo{h {~bmoH$s Ÿ& {ZO_m`m à^wVm Vd amoH$s Ÿ&

H$a gamoO à^w __ {ga YaD$ Ÿ& XrZX`mb gH$b XwI haoD$ Ÿ&&

H$sÝh am_ _mo{h {~JV {~_mohm Ÿ& godH$ gwIX H¥$nm g§Xmohm Ÿ&&

à^wVm àW_ {~Mm[a {~Mm[a Ÿ& _Z _h± hmoB haf A{V mar Ÿ&&

^JV~N>bVm à^w H¡$ XoIr Ÿ& CnOmo __ Ca àr{V {~gofr Ÿ&&

gOb Z`Z nwb{H$V H$a Omoar Ÿ& H$spÝhC± ~hþ {~{Y {~Z`$ ~hmoar Ÿ&&

Xmo. - gw{Z gào_ __ ~mZr Xo{I XrZ {ZO Xmg ŸŸ&&

~MZ gwIX g§ ra _¥Xw ~mobo a_m{Zdmg Ÿ&&

H$mJ ^wgw§{S> _m±Jw ~a A{V àgZ _mo{h Om{Z Ÿ&

A{Z_m{XH$ {g{Y Ana [a{Y _moj gH$b gwI Im{Z Ÿ&&83Ÿ&&

kmZ {d~oH$ {~a{V {~kmZm Ÿ& _w{Z Xwb© JwZ Oo OJ OmZm Ÿ&&

AmOw XoC± g§g` Zmht Ÿ& _m±Jw Omo Vmo{h md _Z _mht Ÿ&&

54

gw{Z à^w ~MZ A{YH$ AZwamJoC± Ÿ& _V AZw_mZ H$aZ V~ bmJoC± Ÿ&&

à^w H$h XoZ gH$b gwI ghr Ÿ& ^J{V AmnZr XoZ Z H$hr Ÿ&&

^J{V hrZ JwZ g~ gwI H¡$go Ÿ& bdZ {~Zm ~hþ q~OZ O¡go Ÿ&&

ÔZhrZ gwI H$dZo H$mOm Ÿ& Ag {~Mm[a ~moboC± IJamOm Ÿ&&

Om¢ à^w hmoB àgÞ ~a Xohÿ Ÿ& _mona H$ahþ H¥$nm Aé Zohÿ Ÿ&&

_Z mdV ~a _m±Jm¢ ñdm_r Ÿ& Vwåh CXma Ca A§VaOm_r Ÿ&&

Xmo. - A{dab ^J{V {~gwÕ V~ òw{V nwamZ Omo Jmd Ÿ&

Oo{h ImoOV OmoJrg _w{Z à^w àgmX H$moC nmd Ÿ&&

^JV H$ënVé àZV{hV H¥$nmqgYw gwIYm_ Ÿ&&

gmoB {ZO J{V _mo{h à^w Xohþ X`m H$[a am_ Ÿ&&84Ÿ&&

Ed_ñVw H${h aKwHw$bZm`H$ Ÿ& ~mobo ~MZ na_ gwIXm`H$ Ÿ&&

gwZw ~m`g Vh± ghO g`mZm Ÿ& H$mho Z _m±J{g Ag ~aXmZm Ÿ&&

g~ gwI Im{Z ^J{V V¢ _mªJr Ÿ& Zqh OJ H$moC Vmo{h g_ ~‹S> mJr Ÿ&&

Omo _w{Z H$mo{Q> OVZ Zqh bhht Ÿ& Oo On OmoJ AZb VZ Xhht Ÿ&&

arPoC± Xo{I Vmo[a MVwamB© Ÿ& _m§Johþ J{V _mo{h A{V ^mB© Ÿ&&

gwZw {~h§J àgmX A~ _moao Ÿ& g~ gw JwZ ~{gh{h Ca Vmoao Ÿ&&

^J{V kmZ {~kmZ {~amJm Ÿ& OmoJ M[aÌ ahñ` {~^mJm Ÿ&&

OmZ~ V¢ g~ht H$a ôXm Ÿ& __ àgmX Zqh gmYZ IoXm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - _m`m g§ d «_ g~ A~ Z ã`m{nhqh Vmo{h Ÿ&

OmZogw ~«÷ AZm{X AO AJwZ JwZmH$a _mo{h Ÿ&&

_mo{h ^JV {à` g§VV Ag {~Mm[a gwZw H$mJ Ÿ&

H$m` ~MZ _Z __ nX H$aogw AMb AZwamJ Ÿ&&85Ÿ&&

A~ gwZw na_ {~_b __ ~mZr Ÿ& gË` gwJ_ {ZJ_m{X ~ImZr Ÿ&&

{ZO {gÕm§V gwZmdm¢ Vmohr Ÿ& gw{Z _Z Yé g~ V{O Ow _mohr Ÿ&&

__ _m`m g§ d g§gmam Ÿ& Ord MamMa {~{MÌ àH$mam Ÿ&&

g~ __ {à` g~ __ CnOmE Ÿ& g~ V| A{YH$ _ZwO _mo{h mE Ÿ&&

{VÝh _h± {ÛO _h± lw{VYmar Ÿ& {VZ _h± {ZJ_ Y_© AZwgmar Ÿ&&

55

{VÝh __ {~aº$ nw{Z kmZr Ÿ& km{Zh±þ V| A{V {à` {~kmZr Ÿ&

{VÝh V| nw{Z _mo{h {à` {ZO Xmgm Ÿ& Oo{h J{V _mo[a Z Xyg[a Amgm Ÿ&&

nw{Z nw{Z gË` H$hm¢ Vmo{h nmht Ÿ& _mo{h godH$ g_ {à` H$moC Zmht Ÿ&&

^J{VhrZ {~a§{M {H$Z hmoB© Ÿ& g~ Ordh±þ g_ {à` _mo{h gmoB© Ÿ&&

^J{Vd§V A{V ZrMC _mZr Ÿ& _mo{h àmZ {à` A{V __ ~mZr Ÿ&&

Xmo. - gw[M gwgrb godH$ gw_{V {à` H$hþ H$m{h Z bmJ Ÿ&

lw{V nwamZ H$h Zr{V A{g gmdYmZ gwZw H$mJ Ÿ&&86Ÿ&&

EH$ {nVm Ho$ {~nwb Hw$_mam Ÿ& hmoqh n¥WH$ JwZ grb AMmam Ÿ&&

H$mC n§{S>V H$moC Vm_g kmVm Ÿ& H$moC YZd§V gya H$moC XmVm Ÿ&&

H$moC gd©k Y_©aV H$moB© Ÿ& g~ na {nV{h àr{V g~ hmoB© Ÿ&&

H$moC {nVw ^JV ~MZ _Z H$_m© Ÿ& gnZohþ OmZ Z Xyga Y_m© Ÿ&&

gmo gwV {à` {nVw àmZ g_mZm Ÿ& OÚ{n gmo g~ m±{V A`mZm Ÿ&&

`${h {~{Y Ord MamMa OoVo Ÿ& {ÌOJ Xod Za Agwa g_oVo Ÿ&&

A{Ib {~ñd h _moa Cnm`m Ÿ& g~ na _mo{h ~am~[a Xm`m Ÿ&&

{VÝh _h± Omo n[ah[a _X _m`m Ÿ& ÔB _mo{h __ ~M Aé H$m`m Ÿ&&

gmo. - gË` H$hm¢ bJ Vmo{h gw{M godH$ __ àmZ {à` Ÿ&

Ag {dMm[a Ow _mo{h n[ah[a Amg amog g~ Ÿ&&87Ÿ&&

H$~h±þ H$mb Zqh ã`mn{h Vmoht Ÿ& gw{_aogw Oogw {Za§Va _moht Ÿ&&&

à^w ~MZm_¥V gw{Z Z AKmD±$ Ÿ& VZ nwb{H$V _Z A{V hafmD±$ Ÿ&&

gmo gwI OmZB _Z Aé H$mZm Ÿ& Zqh agZm nqh OmB ~ImZm Ÿ&&

à^w gmo m gwI OmZ{h Z`Zm Ÿ& H$qh {H${_ gH$qh {VÝh{h Zqh ~`mZm Ÿ&&

~hþ {~{Y _mo{h à~mo{Y gwI XoB© Ÿ& bJo H$aZ {ggw H$m¡VwH$ VoB© Ÿ&&

gOb Z`Z H$Nw> _wI H$[a ê$Im Ÿ& {~VB _mVw bmJr A{V ^yIm Ÿ&&

Xo{I _mVw AmVwa C{R> YmB© Ÿ& H${h _¥Xw ~MZ {bE Ca bmB© Ÿ&&

JmoX am{I H$am` n` nmZm Ÿ& aKwn{V M[aV b{bV H$a JmZm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Oo{h gwI bm{J nwam[a Agw ~of H¥$V {gd gwIXŸ&

AdYnwar Za Zm[a Vo{h gwI _hþ± g§VV _JZ Ÿ&&

56

gmoB© gwI bdbog {OÝh ~maH$ gnZohþ bhoC Ÿ&

Vo Zqh JZ{h IJog Ÿ~«÷ gwI{h g‚mZ gw_{V Ÿ&&88Ÿ&&

_¢ nw{Z AdY ahoC± H$Nw> H$mbm Ÿ& XoIoC± ~mb {~ZmoX agmbm Ÿ&&

am_ àgmX {º$ ~a nmEC± Ÿ& à^w nX ~§{X {ZOmò_ AmEC± Ÿ&&

V~ V| _moqh Z ã`mnr _m`m Ÿ& O~ V| aKwZmW AnZm`m Ÿ&&

`h g~ Jwá M[aV _¢ Jmdm Ÿ& h[a _m`m {O{_ _mo{h ZMmdm Ÿ&&

{ZO AZw d A~ H$hm¢ IJogm Ÿ& {~Zw h[a ^JV Z Om{h H$bogm Ÿ&&

am_ H¥$nm {~Zw gwZw IJamB© Ÿ& Om{Z Z OmB am_ à^wVmB© Ÿ&&

OmZo {~Zw Z hmoB naVrVr Ÿ& {~Zw naVr{V hmoB Zqh àr{V Ÿ&&

àr{V {~Zm Zqh J{V Ñ‹T>mB© Ÿ& {O{_ IJn{V Ob H¡$ {MH$ZmB© Ÿ&&

gmo. - {~Zw Jwa hmoB© {H$ kmZ kmZ {H$ hmoB {damJ {~Zw Ÿ&

Jmdqh ~oX nwamZ gwI {H$ b{hA h[a ^J{V {~Zw Ÿ&&

H$moC {~òm_ {H$ nmd VmV ghO g§Vmof {~Zw Ÿ&

MbB {H$ Ob {~Zw H$mo{Q> OVZ n{M n{M _[aA Ÿ&&89Ÿ&&

{~Zw g§Vmof Z H$m_ Zgmqh Ÿ& Wb AN>V gwI gnZoh±þ Zmht Ÿ&&

am_ OZ {~Zw {_{Q>{h {H$ H$m_m Ÿ& Wb {~hrZ Vé H$~h±þ {H$ Om_m Ÿ&&

{~Zw {~kmZ {H$ g_Vm Amd¡ Ÿ& H$moC AdH$mg {H$ Z^ {~Zw nmd¡ Ÿ&&

g«Õm {~Zm Y_© Zqh hmoB© Ÿ& {~Zw _{h J§Y {H$ nmdB H$moB© Ÿ&

{~Zw Vn VoO {H$ H$a {~ñVmam Ÿ& Ob {~Zw ag {H$ hmoB g§gmam Ÿ&&

grb {H$ {_b {~Zw ~wY godH$mB© Ÿ& {O{_ {~Zw VoO Z ê$n JwgmBª Ÿ&&

{ZO gwI {~Zw _Z hmoB {H$ Wram Ÿ& nag {H$ hmoB {~hrZ g_ram Ÿ&&

H$~{ZC {g{Õ {H$ {~Zw {~ñdmgm Ÿ& {~Zw h[a OZ Z d ` Zmgm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - {~Zw {~ñdmg J{V Z{h Vo{h {~Zw Ð~{h Z am_w Ÿ&

am_ H¥$nm {~Zw gnZoh±þ Ord Z bh {~òm_w Ÿ&&

gmo. - A~ {~Mm[a _{V Yra V{O Hw$VH©$ g§g` gH$b Ÿ&

Ôhþ am_ aKw~ra Ÿ H$éZmH$a gwÝXa gwIX Ÿ&&90Ÿ&&

{~O _{V g[ag ZmW _¢ JmB© Ÿ& à^w àVmn _{h_m IJamB© Ÿ&&

57

H$hoC± Z H$Nw> H$[a OwJw{V {~gofr Ÿ& h g~ _¢ {ZO Z`Zqh XoIr Ÿ&&

_{h_m Zm_ ê$n JwZ JmWm Ÿ& gH$b A{_V AZ§V aKwZmWm Ÿ&&

{ZO {ZO _{V _w{Z h[a JwZ Jmd{h§ Ÿ& {ZJ_ gof {gd nma Z nmdqh Ÿ&&

Vwåh{h Am{X IJ _gH$ àO§Vm Ÿ& Z^ C‹S>mqh Zqh nmdqh A§Vm Ÿ&&

{V{_ aKwn{V _{h_m AdJmhm Ÿ& VmV H$~h±þ H$moC nmd {H$ Wmhm Ÿ&&

am_ H$m_ gV H$mo{Q> gw J VZ Ÿ& XwJm© H$mo{Q> A{_V A[a _X©Z Ÿ&&

gH«$ H$mo{Q> g[ag {~bmgm Ÿ& Z^ gV H$mo{Q> A{_V AdH$mgm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - _éV H$mo{Q> gV {~nwb ~b a{~ gV H$mo{Q> àH$mg Ÿ&

g{g gV H$mo{Q> gwgrVb g_Z gH$b d Ìmg Ÿ&&

H$mb H$mo{Q> gV g[ag A{V XwñVa XwJ© Xwa§V Ÿ&

Yy_Ho$Vw gV H$mo{Q> g_ XwamYaf Jd§V Ÿ&&91

à^w AJmY gV H$mo{Q> nVmbm Ÿ& g_Z H$mo{Q> gV g[ag H$ambm Ÿ&&

VraW A{_V H$mo{Q> g_ nm~Z Ÿ& Zm_ A{Ib AK nyJ ZgmdZ Ÿ&&

{h_{J[a H$mo{Q> AMb aKw~ram Ÿ& qgYw H$mo{Q> gV g_ J§ ram Ÿ&&

H$m_YoZw gV H$mo{Q> g_mZm Ÿ& gH$b H$m_Xm`H$ JdmZm Ÿ&&

gmaX H$mo{Q> A{_V MVwamB© Ÿ& {~{Y gV H$mo{Q> g¥{ï> {ZnwZmB© Ÿ&&

{~ñZw H$mo{Q> g~ nmbZ H$aVm Ÿ& éÐ H$mo{Q> gV g_ g§haVm Ÿ&&

YZX H$mo{Q> gV g_ YZdmZm Ÿ& _m`m H$mo{Q> àn§M {ZYmZm Ÿ&&

^ma YaZ gV _mo{Q> Ahrgm Ÿ& {Zad{Y {Zén_ à^w OJXrgm Ÿ&&

N>§. - {Zén_ Z Cn_m AmZ am_ g_mZ am_w {ZJ_ H$h¡ Ÿ&

{O{_ H$mo{Q> gV IÚmoV g_ a{~ H$hV A{V bKwVm bh¡ Ÿ&&

`{h m±{V {ZO {ZO _{V {~bmg _wZrg h[a{h ~ImZht Ÿ&

à^w md JmhH$ A{V H¥$nmb gào_ gw{Z gwI _mZht Ÿ&&

gmo. - ^mddñ` JdmZ gwI{ZYmZ H$éZm^dZ Ÿ&

V{O __Vm _X _mZ {OA gXm grVma_Z Ÿ&&92Ÿ&&

gw{Z wgw§{S> Ho$ ~MZ gwhmE Ÿ& ha{fV IJn{V n§I \w$bmE Ÿ&&

Z`Z Zra _Z A{V hafmZm Ÿ& lr aKwn{V àVmn Ca AmZm Ÿ&&

58

nm{N>b _moh g_w{P n{N>VmZm Ÿ& ~«÷ AZm{X _ZwO H$[a _mZm Ÿ&&

nw{Z nw{Z H$mJ MaZ {gé Zmdm Ÿ& Om{Z am_ g_ ào_ ~‹T>mdm Ÿ&&

Jwa {~Zw ^d{Z{Y VaB Z H$moB© Ÿ& Om¢ {~a§{M g§H$a g_ hmoB© Ÿ&&

g§g` gn© J«goC _mo{h VmVm Ÿ& XwIX bh[a Hw$VH©$ ~hþ ~«mVm Ÿ&&

V~ gê$n Jmé{‹S> aKwZm`H$ Ÿ& _mo{h {OAmEC OZ gwIXm`H$ Ÿ&&

V~ àgmX __ _moh ZgmZm Ÿ& am_ ahñ` AZyn_ OmZm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Vm{h àg§{g {~{~Y {~{Y grg ZmB H$a Omo[a Ÿ&

~MZ {~ZrV gào_ _¥Xw ~moboC Jé‹S> ~hmo[a Ÿ&&

à^w AnZo A{ddoH$$ V| ~yPm¢ ñdm_r Vmo{h Ÿ&

H¥$>nmqgYw gmXa H$hhþ Om{Z Xmg {ZO _mo{h Ÿ&&93Ÿ&&

Vwåh gd©k Vk V_nmam Ÿ& gw_{V gwgrb gab AmMmam Ÿ&&

kmZ {~a{V {~kmZ {Zdmgm Ÿ& aKwZm`H$ Ho$ Vwåh {à` Xmgm Ÿ&&

H$maZ H$~Z Xoh `h nmB© Ÿ& VmV gH$b _mo{h H$hhþ ~wPmB© Ÿ&&

am_ M[aV ga gwÝXa ñdm_r Ÿ& nmEhþ H$hm± H$hhþ Z^Jm_r Ÿ&&

ZmW gwZm _¢ Ag {gd nmht Ÿ& _hm àb`h±þ Zmg V~ Zmht Ÿ&&

_¥fm ~MZ Zqh B©ñda H$hB© Ÿ& gmoC _moao _Z g§g` AhB© Ÿ&&

AJ OJ Ord ZmJ Za Xodm Ÿ& ZmW gH$b OJw H$mb H$bodm Ÿ&&

A§S>H$Q>mh A{_V b`H$mar Ÿ& H$mb gXm Xwa{VH«$_ mar Ÿ&&

gmo. - Vwåh{h Z ã`mnV H$mb A{V H$amb H$maZ H$dZ Ÿ&

_mo{h gmo H$hhþ H¥$nmb kmZ à^md {H$ OmoJ ~b Ÿ&&

Xmo. - à^w Vd Amò_ AmE± _moa _moh ^«_ ^mJ Ÿ&

H$maZ H$dZ gmo ZmW g~ H$hhþ g{hV AZwamJ Ÿ&&94Ÿ&&

Jé‹S> {Jam gw{Z hafoC H$mJm Ÿ& ~moboC C_m na_ AZwamJm Ÿ&&

YÝ` YÝ` Vd _{V CaJmar Ÿ& àñZ Vwåhm[a _mo{h A{V ß`mar Ÿ&&

gw{~ V~ àñZ gào_ gwhmB© Ÿ& ~hþV OZ_ H¡$ gw{Y _mo{h AmB© Ÿ&&

g~ {ZO H$Wm H$hm¢ _¢ JmB© Ÿ& VmV gwZhþ gmXa _Z bmB© Ÿ&&

On Vn _I g~ X_ ~«V XmZm Ÿ& {~aV {~~oH$ OmoJ {~kmZm Ÿ&&

59

g~ H$a \$bw aKwn{V nX ào_m Ÿ& Vo{h {~Zw H$moC Z nmdB N>o_m Ÿ&&

ò{h VZ am_ J{V _¢ nmB© Ÿ& Vm V| _mo{h __Vm A{YH$mB© Ÿ&&

Oo{h V| H$Nw> {ZO ñdmaW hmoB© Ÿ& Vo{h na __Vm H$a g~ H$moB© Ÿ&&

gmo. - nÞJm[a A{g Zr{V lw{V g§_V g‚mZ H$hqh Ÿ&

A{V ZrMhþ g~ àr{V H$[aA Om{Z {ZO na_ {hV Ÿ&&

nmQ> H$sQ> V| hmoB Vo{h V| nmQ>§~a é{Ma Ÿ&&

H¥${_ nmbB g~ H$moB na_ AnmdZ àmZ g_ Ÿ&&95Ÿ&&

ñdmaW gm±M Ord H$h±þ òhm Ÿ& _Z H«$_ ~MZ am_ nX Zohm Ÿ&&

gmoB nmdZ gmoB gw J garam Ÿ& Omo VZw nmB ^{OA aKw~ram Ÿ&&

am_ {~_wI b{h {~{Y g_ Xohr Ÿ& H${~ H$mo{~X Z àg§g{h Vohr Ÿ&&

am_ ^J{V o{h VZ Ca Om_r Ÿ& Vm V| _mo{h na_ {à` ñdm_r Ÿ&&

VOm¡ Z VZw {ZO BÀN>m _aZm Ÿ& VZw {~Zw ~oX ÔZw Zqh ~aZm Ÿ&&

àW_ _moh _mo{h ~hþV {~Jmo~m Ÿ& am_ {~_wI gwI H$~hþ± Z gmodm Ÿ&&

ZmZm OZ_ H$a_ nw{Z ZmZm Ÿ& {H$E OmoJ On Vn _I XmZm Ÿ&&

H$~Z Omo{Z OZ_oC± Oh± Zmht Ÿ& _¢ IJog «{_ «{_ OJ _mht Ÿ&&

XoIC± H$[a g~ H$a_ JmogmB© Ÿ& gwI Z ÊC± A~qh H$s ZmB© Ÿ&&

gw{Y _mo{h ZmW OZ_ ~hþ Ho$ar Ÿ& {gd àgmX _{V _moh Z Koar Ÿ&&

Xmo. - àW_ OZ_ Ho$ M[aV A~ H$hm¢ gwZhþ {~h±Jog Ÿ&

gw{Z à^w nX a{V CnOB OmV| {_Q>qh H$bog Ÿ&&

nyéd H$ën EH$ à^w OwJ H${b`wJ _b_yb Ÿ&

Za Aé Zm[a AY_© aV gH$b {ZJ_ à{VHy$b Ÿ&&96Ÿ&&

Vo{h H${b`wJ H$mogbnwa OmB© Ÿ& OÝ_V ÊC± gyÐ VZw nmB© Ÿ&&

{gd go~H$ _X H«$_ Aé ~mZr Ÿ& AmZ Xod qZXH$ A{^_mZr Ÿ&&

YZ _X_Îm H$m_ ~mMmbm Ÿ& CJ« ~w{Õ Ca X§ {~gmbm Ÿ&&

OX{n ahoC± aKwn{V aOYmZr Ÿ& VX{n Z H$Nw> _{h_m V~ OmZr Ÿ&&

A~ OmZm _¢ AdY à^mdm Ÿ& {ZJ_mJ_ nwamZ Ag Jmdm Ÿ&&

H$dZohþ OZ_ AdY ~g gmoB© Ÿ& am_ nam`Z gmo n[a hmoB© Ÿ&&

60

AdY à^md OmZ V~ àmZr Ÿ& O~ Ca ~gqh am_w YZwnmZr Ÿ&&

gmo H${bH$mb H${R>Z CaJmar Ÿ& nmn nam`Z g~ Za Zmar Ÿ&&

Xmo. - H${b_b J«go Y_© g~ bwá Ê _XJ«§W Ÿ&

X§{_Ýh {ZO _{V H$pën H$[a àJQ> {H$E ~hþ n§W Ÿ&&

Ê bmoJ g~ _moh~g bmo J«go gw H$_© Ÿ&

gwZw h[aOZ kmZ{Z{Y H$hm¢ H$Nw>H$ H${b Y_© Ÿ&&97Ÿ&&

~aZ Y_© Zqh Amò_ Mmar Ÿ& lw{V {~amoY aV g~ Za Zmar Ÿ&&

{ÛO lw{V ~oMH$ gyn àOmgZ Ÿ& H$moC Zqh _mZ {ZJ_ AZwgmgZ Ÿ&&

_maJ gmoB Om H$hþ± OmoB mdm Ÿ& n§{S>V gmoB Omo Jmb ~Omdm Ÿ&&

{_Ï`ma§ X§ aV OmoB© Ÿ& Vm H$h±þ g§V H$hB g~ H$moB© Ÿ&&

gmoB© g`mZ Omo na YZ hmar Ÿ& Omo H$a X§ gmo ~‹S> AmMmar Ÿ&&

Omo H$h P±yR> _gIar OmZm Ÿ& H${b`wJ gmoB JwZ~§V ~ImZm Ÿ&&

{ZamMa Omo lw{V nW Ë`mJr Ÿ& H${bOwJ gmoB kmZr gmo {~amJr Ÿ&&

OmH|$ ZI Aé OQ>m {~gmbm Ÿ& gmoB Vmng à{gÕ H${bH$mbm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Agw ~of ynZ Yao ^ÀN>m^ÀN> Oo Imqh Ÿ&

VoB OmoJr VoB {gÕ Za nyÁ`Vo H${bOwJ _m{h Ÿ&&

gmo. - Oo AnH$mar Mma {VÝh H$a Jm¡ad _mÝ` VoB Ÿ&

_Z H«$_ dMZ b~ma VoB ~H$Vm H${bH$mb _h±þ Ÿ&&98Ÿ&&

Zm[a {~~g Za gH$b JmogmB© Ÿ& ZmM{h ZQ> ^H©$Q> H$s ZmB© Ÿ&

gyÐ {ÛOÝh CnXogqh ½`mZm Ÿ& _o{b OZoD$ bo{h Hw$XmZm Ÿ&&

g~ Za H$m_ bmo aV H«$moYr Ÿ& Xo~ {~à lw{V g§V {~amoYr Ÿ&&

JwZ _§{Xa gwÝXa n{V Ë`mJr Ÿ& Oqh Zm[a na nwéf A^mJr Ÿ&&

gm¡ m{JZr {~^yfZ hrZm Ÿ& {dYdÝh Ho$ qgJma ZdrZm Ÿ&&

Jwa {gf ~{Ya A§Y H$m boIm Ÿ& EH$ Z gwZB EH$ Zqh XoIm Ÿ&&

haB {gî` YZ gmoH$ Z haB© Ÿ& gmo Jwa Kmoa ZaH$ _h±þ naB© Ÿ&&

_mVw {nVm ~mbH$pÝh ~mobmdqh Ÿ& CXa aB gmoB Ya_ {gImdqh Ÿ&&

61

Xmo. - ~«÷½`mZ {~Zw Zm[a Za H$hqh Z Xyg[a ~mV Ÿ&

~mX{h gyÐ {ÛOÝh gZ h_ Vwåh V| H$Nw> Km{Q> Ÿ&

OmZB ~«÷ gmo {~àda Am±{I XoImdqh S>m±{Q> Ÿ&&99Ÿ&&

na {Ì` b§nQ> H$nQ> g`mZo Ÿ& _moh Ðmoh __Vm bnQ>mZo Ÿ&&

VoB AôX~mXr ½`mZr Za Ÿ& XoIm _¢ M[aÌ H${bOwJ H$a Ÿ&&

Amnw JE Aé {VÝhh±ÿ Kmbqh Ÿ& Oo H$h±þ gV _maJ à{Vnmb{h Ÿ&&

H$ën H$ën ^[a EH$ EH$ ZaH$m Ÿ& naqh Oo Xyf{h lw{V H$[a VaH$m Ÿ&&

Oo ~aZmY_ Vo{b Hw$åhmam Ÿ& ñdnM {H$amV H$mob H$bdmam Ÿ&&

Zm[a _wB© Eh g§n{V Zmgr Ÿ& _y‹S> _w‹S>mB hmo{h g§Ý`mgr Ÿ&&

Vo {~àÝh gZ Amnw nwOmdqh Ÿ& C^` bmoH$ {ZO hmW Zgmdqh Ÿ&&

{~à {ZaÀN>a bmobwn H$m_r Ÿ& {ZamMma gR> d¥fbr ñdm_r Ÿ&&

gyÐ H$a{h On Vn ~«V ZmZm Ÿ& ~¡{R> ~amgZ H$h{h nwamZm Ÿ&&

g~ Za H$pënV H$a{h AMmam Ÿ& OmB Z ~a{Z AZr{V Anmam Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Ê ~aZg§H$a H${b {^Þ goVw g~ bmoJ Ÿ&

H$a{h nmn nmdqh XwI ` éO gmoH$ {~`moJ Ÿ&&

lw{V g§_V h[a JV nW g§OwV {~a{V {~~oH$ Ÿ&

Voqh Z Mbqh Za _moh~g H$ënqh n§W AZoH$ Ÿ&&100Ÿ&&

N>§. - ~hþ Xm_ g±dma{h Ym_ O{V Ÿ& {~f`m h[a brpÝhZ ahr {~aVr Ÿ&&

Vngr YZd§V X[aÐ J¥hr Ÿ& H${b H$m¡VwH$ VmV Z OmV H$hr Ÿ&&

Hw$bd§{V {ZH$ma{h Zm[a gVr Ÿ& J¥h AmZqh Mo[a {Z~o[a JVr Ÿ&&

gwV _m±Z{h _mVw {nVm V~ bm¢ Ÿ& A~bmZZ XrI Zht O~ bm¢ Ÿ&&

ggwam[a {nAm[a bJr O~ V| Ÿ& [anw ê$n Hw$Qw>§~ Ê V~ V| Ÿ&&

Z¥n nmn nam`Z Y_© Zht Ÿ& H$[a X§S> {~S>§~ àOm {ZVht Ÿ&&

YZd§V Hw$brZ _brZ Anr Ÿ& {ÛO{MÝh OZoC CKma Vnr Ÿ&&

Z{h _mZ nwamZ Z ~oX{h Omo Ÿ& h[a godH$ g§V ghr H${b gmo Ÿ&&

H${~~¥§X CXma XwZr Z gwZr Ÿ& JwZ XyfH$ ~«mV Z H$mo{n JwZr Ÿ&&

H${b ~ma{h ~ma XwH$mb na¡ Ÿ& {~Zw AÞ XwIr g~ bmoJ _a¡ Ÿ&&

62

Xmo. - gwZw IJog H${b H$nQ> hR> X§ Ûof nmI§S> Ÿ&

_mZ _moh _m`m{X _X ã`m{n aho ~«÷§S> Ÿ&&

Vm_g Y_© H$aqh Za On Vn _I ~«V XmZ Ÿ&&

Xod Z dafqh YaZr na ~ò Z Om_qh YmZ Ÿ&&101Ÿ&&

N>§. - A~bm H$M yfZ y[a Nw>Ym Ÿ& YZhrZ XwIr __Vm ~hþYm Ÿ&&

gwI Mmhqh _y‹T> Z Y_©aVm Ÿ& _{V Wmo[a H$R>mo[a Z H$mo_bVm Ÿ&&

Za nr{‹S>V amoJ Z moJ H$ht Ÿ& A{^_mZ {damoY AH$maZ ht Ÿ&&

bKw OrdZ g§dVw n§MXgm Ÿ& H$bnm§V Z Zmg Jw_mZw Agm Ÿ&&

H${bH$mb {~hmb {H$E _ZwOm Ÿ& Zqh _mZV H$moC AZwOm VZwOm Ÿ&&

Zqh Vmof {dMma Z grVbVm Ÿ& g~ Om{V Hw$Om{V E _±JVm Ÿ&&

B[afm néfmÀN>a bmobwnVm Ÿ& [a ny[a ahr g_Vm {~JVm Ÿ&&

g~ bmoJ {~`moJ {~gmoH$ hE Ÿ& ~aZmò_ Y_© AMma JE Ÿ&&

X_ XmZ X`m Zqh OmZnZr Ÿ& O‹S>Vm na~§MZVm{V KZr Ÿ&&

VZwnmofH$ Zm[a Zam gJao Ÿ& na{ZÝXH$ Oo OJ _mo ~Jao Ÿ&&

Xmo. - gwZw ã`mbm[a H$mb H${b _b AdJwZ AmJma Ÿ&

JwZm¡ ~hþV H${b`wJ H$a {~Zw à`mg {ZgVma Ÿ&&

H¥$VOwJ ÌoVm Ûmna nyOm _I Aé OmoJ Ÿ&

Omo J{V hmoB gmo H${b h[a Zm_ V| nmdqh bmoJ Ÿ&&102Ÿ&&

H¥$VOwJ g~ OmoJr {~kmZr Ÿ& H$[a h[aÜ`mZ Va{h d àmZr Ÿ&&

ÌoVm {~{~Y Ok Za H$aht Ÿ& à^wqh g_{n© H$a_ d Vaht Ÿ&&

Ûmna H$[a aKwn{V nX nyOm Ÿ& Za ^d Vaqh CnmC Z XyOm Ÿ&&

H${b`wJ Ho$db h[a JwZ Jmhm Ÿ& JmdV Za nmdqh ^d Wmhm Ÿ&&

H${bOwJ OmoJ Z O½` Z ½`mZm Ÿ& EH$ AYma am_ JwZ JmZm Ÿ&&

g~ âmog V{O Omo Ô am_{h Ÿ& ào_ g_oV Jmd JwZ J«m_{h Ÿ&&

gmoB ^d Va H$Nw> g§g` Zmht Ÿ& Zm_àVmn àH$Q> H${b Zmht Ÿ&

H${b H$a EH$ nwZrV àVmnm Ÿ& _mZg nwÝ` hmo{h Zqh nmnm Ÿ&&

63

Xmo. - H${bJwO g_ OwJ AmZ Zqh Om¢ Za H$a {~ñdmg Ÿ&

JmB am_ JwZ JZ {_b ^d Va {~Zqh à`mg Ÿ&&

àH$Q> Mm[a nX Y_© Ho$ H${b _h±þ EH$ àYmZ Ÿ&

OoZ Ho$Z {~{Y XrÝho XmZ H$aB H$ë`mZ Ÿ&&103Ÿ&&

{ZV OwJ Y_© hmoqh g~ Ho$ao Ÿ& öX`± am_ _m`m Ho$ àoao Ÿ&&

gwÕ gËd g_Vm {~kmZm Ÿ& H¥$V à^md àgÞ _Z OmZm Ÿ&&

gËd ~hþV aO H$Nw> a{V H$_m© Ÿ& g~ {~{Y gwI ÌoVm H$a Y_m© Ÿ&&

~hþ aO ñdën gË~ H$Nw> Vm_g Ÿ& Ûmna Y_© haf ^` _mZg Ÿ&&

Vm_g ~hþV aOmoJwZ Wmoam Ÿ& H${b à^md {~amoY Mhþ± Amoam Ÿ&&

~wY OwJY_© Om{Z _Z _mht Ÿ& V{O AY_© a{V Y_© H$amht Ÿ&&

H$mb Y_© Zqh ã`mn{h Vmhr Ÿ& aKwn{V MaZ àr{V A{V Omhr Ÿ&&

ZQ> H¥$V {~H$Q> H$nQ> IJam`m Ÿ& ZQ>godH$qh Z ã`mnB _m`m Ÿ&&

Xmo. - h[a _m`m H¥$V Xmof JwZ {~Zw h[a OZ Z Omqh Ÿ&

^{OA am_ V{O H$m_ g~ Ag {~Mm[a _Z _mqh Ÿ&&

Vo{h H${b H$mb ~af ~hþ ~goC± A~Y {~h±Jog Ÿ&

naoC XwH$mb {~n{V~g V~ _¢ JEC± {~Xog Ÿ&&104Ÿ&&

JEC± CO¡Zr gwZw CaJmar Ÿ& XrZ _brZ X[aÐ XwImar Ÿ&&

JE H$mb H$Nw> g§n{V nmB© Ÿ& Vh± nw{Z H$am¢ g§ w godH$mB© Ÿ&&

{~à EH$ ~¡{XH$ {gd nyOm Ÿ& H$aB gXm Vo{h H$mOw Z XyOm Ÿ&&

na_ gmYw na_maW q~XH$ Ÿ& g§ w CnmgH$ Zqh h[a qZXH$ Ÿ&&

Vo{h godm¢ _¢ H$nQ> g_oVm Ÿ& {ÛO X`mb A{V Zr{V {ZHo$Vm Ÿ&&

~m{hO Z_« Xo{I _mo{h gmBª Ÿ& {~à n‹T>md nwÌ H$s ZmBª Ÿ&&

g§ w _§Ì _mo{h {ÛO~a XrÝhm Ÿ& gw CnXog {~{~Y {~{Y H$sÝhm Ÿ&&

Onm¢ _§Ì {gd _§{Xa OmB© Ÿ& öX` X§ Ah{_{V A{YH$mB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - _¢ Ib _b g§Hw$b _{V ZrM Om{V ~g _moh Ÿ&

h[aOZ {ÛO XoIo Oam¢ H$am¢ {~ñZw H$a Ðmoh Ÿ&&

64

gmo. - Jwa {ZV _moqh à~moY Xw{IV Xo{I AmMaZ __ Ÿ&

_mo{h CnOB A{V H«$moY X§{^{h Zr{V H$s mdB© Ÿ&&105Ÿ&&

EH$ ~ma Jwa brÝh ~mobmB© Ÿ& _mo{h Zr{V ~hþ m±{V {gImB© Ÿ&&

{gd godm H¡$ \$b gwV gmoB© Ÿ& A{~ab ^J{V am_ nX hmoB© Ÿ&&

am_{h Oqh VmV {gd YmVm Ÿ& Za nmd±a H¡$ Ho${VH$ ~mVm Ÿ&&

Omgw MaZ AO {gd AZwamJr Ÿ& Vmgw Ðmoh gwI Mh{g A^mJr Ÿ&&

ha H$h±þ h[agodH$ Jwa H$hoD$ Ÿ& gw{Z IJZmW öX` __ XhoD$ Ÿ&&

AY_ Om{V _¢ {~Úm nmE Ÿ& EC OWm A{h XyY {nAmE Ÿ&&

_mZr Hw${Q>b Hw$^m½` Hw$OmVr Ÿ& Jwa H$a Ðmoh H$am¢ {XZw amVr Ÿ&&

A{VX`mb Jwé ñdën Z H«$moYm Ÿ& nw{Z nw{Z _mo{h {gImd gw~moYm Ÿ&&

Oo{h Vo ZrM ~‹S>mB© nmdm Ÿ& gmo àW_{h {hV Vm{h Zgmdm Ÿ&&

Yy_ AZb g§ d gwZw ^mB© Ÿ& Vo{h gwPmd KZ nXdr nmB© Ÿ&&

aO _J nar {ZamXa ahB© Ÿ& g~ H$a nX àhma {ZV ghB© Ÿ&&

_éV C‹S>md àW_ Vo{h âB© Ÿ& nw{Z Z¥n Z`Z qH$arQ>pÝh naB© Ÿ&&

gwZw IJn{V Ag g_w{P àg§Jm Ÿ& ~wY Z{h H$aqh AY_ H$a g§Jm Ÿ&&

H${~ H$mo{~X Jmdqh A{g ZrVr Ÿ& Ib gZ H$bh Z b Zqh àrVr Ÿ&&

CXmgrZ {ZV a{hA JmogmBª Ÿ& Ib n[ah[aA ñdmZ H$s ZmBª Ÿ&&

_¢ Ib öX` H$nQ> Hw${Q>bmB© Ÿ& Jwa {hV H$hqh Z _mo{h gwhmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - EH$ ~ma ha _§{Xa OnV ahoC± {gd Zm_

Jwa AmEC A{^_mZ V| C{R> Zqh H$sÝh àZm_ Ÿ&&

gmo X`mb Zqh H$hohþ H$Nw> Ca Z amof bd bog Ÿ&

A{V AK Jwa An_mZVm g{h Zqh gHo$ _hog Ÿ&&106Ÿ&&

_§{Xa _m±P B© Z^~mZr Ÿ& ao hV^m½` Ak A{^_mZr Ÿ&&

OÚ{n Vd Jwa H|$ Zqh H«$moYm Ÿ& A{V H¥$nmb {MV gå`H$ ~moYm Ÿ&&

VX{n gmn gR> Xohm¢ Vmohr Ÿ& Zr{V {~amoY gmohmB Z _mohr Ÿ&&

Om¢ Z{h X§S> H$am¢ Vmoam Ÿ& ^«ï> hmoB lw{V _maJ _moam Ÿ&&

Oo gR> Jwa gZ B[afm H$aht Ÿ& am¡ad ZaH$ H$mo{Q> OwJ naht Ÿ&&

65

{ÌOJ Omo{Z nw{Z Yaqh garam Ÿ& A`wV OÝ_ [a nm~qh nram Ÿ&&

~¡{R> aho{g AOJa Bd nmnr Ÿ& gn© hmo{h Ib _b _{V ã`mnr Ÿ&&

_hm {~Q>n H$moQ>a _h±þ OmB© Ÿ& ahþ AY_mY_ AYJ{V nmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - hmhmH$ma H$sÝh Jwa XméZ gw{Z {gd òmn

H§${nV _mo{h {~bmo{H$ A{V Ca CnOm n[aVmn Ÿ&&

H$[a X§S>dV gào_ {ÛO {gd gZ_wI H$a Omo[a &

{dZ` H$aV JXJX {Jam g_w{P Kmoa J{V _moa &&107Ÿ&&

Z_m_re_remZ{Zdm©Uê$n§ Ÿ& {~^w§ ã`mnH§$ ~«÷ ~oXñdê$n§ Ÿ&&

{ZO§ {ZJw©U§ {ZqdH$ën§ {Zarh§ Ÿ& {MXmH$me_mH$medmg§ Ooh§ Ÿ&&

{ZamH$ma_m|H$ma_yb Vwar` Ÿ& {JamkmZJmoVrV_re§ {Jare§ Ÿ&&

H$amb§ _hmH$mbH$mb§ H¥$nmb§ Ÿ& JwUmJma g§gmanma§ ZVmoh§ Ÿ&&

Vwfmam{Ðg§H$maJm¡a§ J^ra§ Ÿ& _Zmo yVH$mo{Q>à^m lr eara§ Ÿ&&

ñ\w$aÝ_m¡{bH$ëbmo{bZr Mmé J§Jm Ÿ& bgØmb~mboÝXw H§$R>o wO§Jm Ÿ&&

MbVHw§$S>b§ ew ZoÌ§ {demb§ Ÿ& àgÞmZZ§ ZrbH§$R>§ X`mb§ Ÿ&&

_¥JmYreMå_mª~a§ _w§S>_mb§ Ÿ& {à`§ e§H$a§ gd©ZmW§ Om{_ Ÿ&&

àM§S>§ àH¥$ï>§ àJë^§ naoe§ Ÿ& AI§S> AO§ ^mZwH$mo{Q>àH$me§ Ÿ&&

Ì`:eyb {Z_y©bZ§ eybnm{U_² Ÿ& Ooh§ dmZrnqV mdJå`§ Ÿ&&

H$bmVrVH$ë`mUH$ënm§VH$mar Ÿ& gXm g‚mZmZÝXXmVm nwamar Ÿ&&

{MXmZ§Xg§Xmoh_mohmnhmar Ÿ& àgrX àgrX à^mo _Ý_Wmar Ÿ&&

Z VmdËgwI§ em§{V g§VmnZme§ Ÿ& àgrX à^mo gd© yVm{Y~mg§ Ÿ&&

Z OmZm{_ `moJ§ On§ Z¡d nyOm§ Ÿ& ZVmoh§ gXm gd©Xm e§ w Vwä`§ Ÿ&&

OamOÝ_Xw:Im¡KVmVß`_mZ§ Ÿ& à^mo nm{h AmnÞ _m_re e§ mo Ÿ&&

íbo. - éÐmï>H${_X§ àmoº$ {dàoU haVmofò Ÿ&

ò nR>{V Zam º²$`m Vofm§ e§ w: àgrX{V Ÿ&&

Xmo. - gw{Z {~ZVr g~©k {gd Xo{I {~à AZwamJw Ÿ&

nw{Z _§{Xa Z^ ~mZr ^B {ÛOda ~a _m±Jw Ÿ&&

Om¢ àgÞ à^w _mona ZmW XrZ na Zohþ Ÿ&

66

{ZO nX ^J{V XoB à^w nw{Z Xyga ~a Xohþ Ÿ&&

Vd _m`m~g Ord O‹S> g§VV {\$aB ^wbmZ Ÿ&

Vo{h na H«$moY Z H$[aA à^w H¥$nmqgYw JdmZ Ÿ&&

g§H$a XrZ X`mb A~ ò{h na hmohþ H¥$nmb Ÿ&

òmn AZwJ«h hmoB Oo{h ZmW Wmoao ht H$mb Ÿ&&108Ÿ&&

ò{h H$a hmoB na_ H$ë`mZm Ÿ& gmoB H$ahþ A~ H¥$nm{ZYmZm Ÿ&&

{~à {Jam gw{Z na{hV gmZr Ÿ& Ed_ñVw B{V ¡ Z^ ~mZr Ÿ&&

OX{n H$sÝh o{h XméZ nmnm Ÿ& _¢ nw{Z XrÝh H«$moY H$[a òmnm Ÿ&&

VX{n Vwåhm[a gmYwVm XoIr Ÿ& H$[ahm¢ o{h na H¥$nm {~gofr Ÿ&&

N>_mgrb Oo na CnH$mar Ÿ& Vo {ÛO __ {à` OWm Iamar Ÿ&&

_moa gmn {ÛO ã`W© Z OmB{h Ÿ& OÝ_ ghò Ad{g h nmB{h Ÿ&&

OÝ_V _aV Xwgh XwI hmoB© Ÿ& E{h ñdënC Zqh ã`m{n{h gmoB© Ÿ&&

H$dZohþ OÝ_ {_{Q>{h Zqh kmZm Ÿ& gwZ{h gyÐ __ ~MZ àdmZm Ÿ&&

aKwn{V nwar OÝ_ Vd ÊD$ Ÿ& nw{Z V¢ __ godm _Z XED$ Ÿ&&

nwar à^md AZwJ«h _moao Ÿ& am_ J{V Cn{O{h Ca Vmoa§o Ÿ&&

gwZw __ ~MZ gË` A~ ^mB© Ÿ& h[a VmofZ ~«V {ÛO godH$mB© Ÿ&&

A~ O{Z H$a{h {~à An_mZm Ÿ& OmZogw g§V AZ§V g_mZm Ÿ&&

BÐHw${bg __ gyb {~gmbm Ÿ& H$mbX§S> h[aMH«$ H$ambm Ÿ&&

Omo BÝh H$a _mam Zqh _aB© Ÿ& {~à Ðmoh nmMH$ gmo OaB© Ÿ&&

Ag {~~oH$ amIohþ _Z _mht Ÿ& Vwåh H$h± OJ Xwb© H$Nw> Zmht Ÿ&&

Am¡ar EH$ Am{gfm _moar Ÿ& Aà{VhV J{V hmoB{h Vmoar Ÿ&&

Xmo. - gw{Z {gd ~MZ ha{f Jwa Ed_ñVw B{V ^m{f Ÿ&

_mo{h à~mo{Y JEC J¥h g§ w MaZ Ca am{I Ÿ&&

ào[aV H$mb q~{Y {J[a OmB ÊC± _¢ ã`mb Ÿ&&

nw{Z à`mg {~Zw gmo VZw VOoC± JE H$Nw> H$mb Ÿ&&

OmoB VZw Yam¢ VOm¢ nw{Z AZm`mg h[aOmZ Ÿ&

{O{_ ZyVZ nQ> n[haB Za n[ahaB nwamZ Ÿ&&

67

{gd amIr lw{V Zr{V Aé _¢ Zqh nmd H$bog Ÿ&&

ò{h {~{Y YaoC± {~{~Y VZw Ÿ kmZ Z JEC IJog Ÿ&&109Ÿ&&

{ÌOJ Xod Za OmoB VZ YaD±$ Ÿ& Vh± Vh± am_ ÔZ AZwgaD±$ Ÿ&&

EH$ gyb _mo{h {~ga Z H$mD$ Ÿ& Jwa H$a H$mo_b grb gw mD$ Ÿ&&

Ma_ Xoh {ÛO H¡$ _¢ nmB© Ÿ& gwa Xwb© nwamZ lw{V JmB© Ÿ&&

Iobm¢ Vh±ÿ ~mbH$Ýh _rbm Ÿ& H$am¢ gH$b aKwZm`H$ brbm Ÿ&&

àm¡‹T> E _moqh {nVm n‹T>mdm Ÿ& g_wPm| gwZm| JwZm| Zqh mdm Ÿ&&

_Z V| gH$b ~mgZm ^mJr Ÿ& Ho$db am_ MaZ b` bmJr Ÿ&&

H$hþ IJog Ag H$dZ A^mJr Ÿ& Iar god gwaYoZw{h Ë`mJr Ÿ&&

ào_ _JZ _mo{h H$Nw> Z gmohmB© Ÿ& hmaoC {nVm n‹T>mB n‹T>mB© Ÿ&&

Ê H$mb~g OZ {nVw _mVm Ÿ& _¢ ~Z JEC± OZ OZÌmVm Ÿ&&

Oh± Oh± {~{nZ _wZrñda nm~m¢ Ÿ& Amò_ OmB OmB {gé Zmdm¢ Ÿ&&

~yPm¢ {VÝh{h am_ JwZ Jmhm Ÿ& H$hqh gwZm¢ ha{fV IJZmhm Ÿ&&

gwZV {\$am¢ h[a JwZ AZw~mXm Ÿ& Aã`mhV J{V g§ w àgmXm Ÿ&&

Ny>Q>r {Ì{~{Y B©fZm Jm‹T>r Ÿ& EH$ bmbgm Ca A{V ~m‹T>r Ÿ&&

am_ MaZ ~m[aO O~ XoIm¢ Ÿ& V~ {ZO OÝ_ gw\$b H$[a boIm¢ Ÿ&&

Oo{h nyN>m¢ gmoB _w{Z Ag H$hB© Ÿ& B©ñda gd© ^yV_` AhB© Ÿ&&

{ZJw©Z _V Zqh _mo{h gwhmB© Ÿ& gJwZ ~«÷ a{V Ca A{YH$mB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Jwa Ho$ ~MZ gwa{V H$[a am_ MaZ _Zw bmJ Ÿ&

aKwn{V Og JmdV {\$am¢ N>Z N>Z Zd AZwamJ Ÿ&&

_oé {gIa ~Q> N>m`m± _w{Z bmo_g AmgrZ Ÿ&

Xo{I MaZ {ga ZmEC± ~MZ H$hoC± A{V XrZ Ÿ&&

gw{Z __ ~MZ {~ZrV _¥Xw _w{Z H¥$nmb IJamO Ÿ&

_mo{h gmXa nyN>V E {ÛO Am`hþ Ho${h H$mO Ÿ&&

V~ _¢ H$hm H¥$nm{Z{Y Vwåh gd©k gwOmZ Ÿ&

gJwZ ~«÷ AdamYZ _mo{h H$hhþ JdmZ Ÿ&&110Ÿ&&

V~ _Zrg aKwn{V JwZ JmWm Ÿ& H$ho H$Nw>H$ gmXa IJZmWm Ÿ&&

68

~«÷kmZ aV _w{Z {~kmZr Ÿ& _mo{h na_ A{YH$mar OmZr Ÿ&&

bmJo H$aZ ~«÷ CnXogm Ÿ&& AO AÛ¡V AJwZ öXògm Ÿ&&

AH$b AZrh AZm_ Aê$nm Ÿ& AZw dJå` AI§S> AZynm Ÿ&&

_Z JmoVrV A_b A{~Zmgr Ÿ& {Z{~©H$ma {Zad{Y gwIamgr Ÿ&&

gmo V¢ Vm{h Zqh oXm Ÿ& ~m[a ~r{M Bd Jmd{h doXm Ÿ&&

{~{~Y m±{V _w{Z g_wPm`m Ÿ& {ZJw©Z _V __ öX` Z Amdm Ÿ&&

nw{Z _¢ H$hoC± ZmB nX grgm Ÿ& gJwZ CnmgZ H$hhþ _wZrgm Ÿ&&

am_ J{V Ob __ _Z _rZm Ÿ& {H${_ {~bJmB _wZrg à~rZm Ÿ&&

gmo CnXog H$hhþ H$[a Xm`m Ÿ& {ZO Z`ZpÝh XoIm¢ aKwam`m Ÿ&&

^[a bmoMZ {~bmo{H$ AdYogm Ÿ& V~ gw{Zhm¢ {ZJw©Z CnXogm Ÿ&&

_w{Z nw{Z H${h h[aH$Wm AZynm Ÿ& I§{S> gJwZ _V AJwZ {Zê$nm Ÿ&&

V~ _¢ {ZJw©Z _V H$[a Xyar Ÿ& gJwZ {Zê$nm¢ H$[a hR> ^yar Ÿ&&

CÎma à{VCÎma _¢ H$sÝhm Ÿ& _w{Z VZ E H«$moY Ho$ MrÝhm Ÿ&&

gwZw à^w ~hþV Adkm {H$E Ÿ& CnO H«$moY km{ZÝh Ho$ {hE Ÿ&&

A{V g§KafZ H$a Omo H$moB© Ÿ& AZb àJQ> M§XZ V| hmoB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ~ma§~ma gH$mon gw{Z H$aB {Zê$nZ kmZ Ÿ&

_¢ AnZo _Z ~¡R> V~ H$am¢ {~{~Y AZw_mZ Ÿ&&

H«$moY {H$ Û¡V ~w{Õ {~Zw Û¡V {H$ {~Zw AkmZ Ÿ&

_m`m~g n[a{N>Þ O‹S> Ord {H$ B©g g_mZ Ÿ&&111Ÿ&&

H$~hþ± {H$ XwI g~ H$a {hV VmHo$ Ÿ& Vo{h nw{Z X[aÐ nag_{Z OmHo$ Ÿ&&

naÐmohr H$s hmo{h {Zg§H$m Ÿ& H$m_r nw{Z {H$ ah{h AH$b§H$m Ÿ&&

~§g {H$ ah {ÛO AZ{hV H$sÝho Ÿ& H$_© {H$ hmoqh ñdê$n{h MrÝho Ÿ&&

H$mhÿ gw_{V {H$ Ib g±J Om_r Ÿ& gw J{V nmd {H$ na {Ì` Jm_r Ÿ&&

^d {H$ naqh na_mV_ q~XH$ Ÿ& gwIr {H$ hmoqh H$~hþ± h[a qZXH$ Ÿ&&

amOw {H$ ahB Zr{V {~Zw OmZo Ÿ& An {H$ ahqh h[a M[aV ~ImZo Ÿ&&

nmdZ Og {H$ nwÝ` {~Zw hmoB© Ÿ& {~Zw AK AOg{H$ nmBd H$moB© Ÿ&&

bm^w {H$ H$Nw> h[a J{V g_mZm Ÿ& Oo{h Jmdqh lw{V g§V nwamZm Ÿ&&

69

hm{Z {H$ OJ ò{h g_ H$Nw> mB© Ÿ& ^{OA Z am_qh Za VZwnmB© Ÿ&&

AK H$s {~Zw Vm_g H$Nw> AmZm Ÿ& Y_© {H$ X`m g[ag h[aOmZm Ÿ&&

ò{h {~{Y A{_V OwJw{V _Z JwZoD±$ Ÿ& _w{Z CnXog Z gmXa gwZoD±$ Ÿ&&

nw{Z nw{Z gJwZ nÀN> _¢ amonm Ÿ& V~ _w{Z ~moboC ~MZ gH$monm Ÿ&&

_y‹T> na_ {gI XoC± Z _mZ{g Ÿ& CÎma à{VCÎma ~hþ AmZ{g Ÿ&&

gË` ~MZ {~ñdmg Z H$aht Ÿ& ~m`g Bd g~ ht V| hahr Ÿ&&

gR> ñdnÀN> V~ öX` {~gmbm Ÿ& gn{X hmo{h nÀN>r M§S>mbm Ÿ&&

brpÝh gmn _¢ grg M‹T>mB© Ÿ& Zqh H$Nw> ^` Z XrZVm AmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - VwaV ÊC± _¢ H$mJ V~ nw{Z _w{Z nX {gé ZmB Ÿ&

gw{_[a am_ aKw~§g _{Z ha{fV MboC± C‹S>mB Ÿ&&

C_m Oo am_ MaZ aV {~JV H$m_ _X H«$moY Ÿ&

{ZO à^w_` XoIqh OJV Ho${h gZ H$a{h {damoY Ÿ&&112Ÿ&&

gwZw IJog Zqh H$Nw> [a{f XyfZ Ÿ& Ca àoaH$ aKw~§g {~^yfZ Ÿ&&

H¥$nmqgYw _w{Z _{V H$[a moar Ÿ& brÝhr ào_ n[aÀN>m _moar Ÿ&&

_Z ~M H«$_ _mo{h {ZO OZ OmZm Ÿ& _w{Z _{V nw{Z \o$ar JdmZm Ÿ&&

[a{f __ ghZ grbVm XoIr Ÿ& am_ MaZ {~ñdmg {~gofr Ÿ&&

A{V {~g_` nw{Z nw{Z nN>VmB© Ÿ& gmXa _w{Z _mo{h brÝh ~mobmB© Ÿ&&

__ n[aVmof {~{~Y {~{Y H$sÝhm Ÿ& ha{fV am__§Ì V~ XrÝhm Ÿ&&

~mbH$ ê$n am_ H$a Ü`mZm Ÿ& H$hoC _mo{h _w{Z H¥$nm{ZYmZm Ÿ&&

gwÝXa gwIX _mo{h A{V mdm Ÿ& gmo àW_{h _¢ Vwåh{h gwZmdm Ÿ&&

_w{Z _mo{h H$Nw>H$ H$mb Vh± amIm Ÿ& am_M[aV _mZg V~ ^mIm Ÿ&&

gmXa _mo{h h H$Wm gwZmB© Ÿ& nw{Z ~mobo _w{Z {Jam gwhmB© Ÿ&&

am_M[aV ga Jwá gwhmdm Ÿ& g§ w àgmX VmV _¢ nmdm Ÿ&&

Vmo{h {ZO ^JV am_ H$a OmZr Ÿ& Vm Vo _¢ g~ H$hoC± ~ImZr Ÿ&&

am_ J{V {OÝh Ho$ Ca Zmht Ÿ& H$~h±þ Z VmV H${h` {VÝh nmht Ÿ&&

_w{Z _mo{h {~{~Y m±{V g_wPm`m Ÿ& _¢ gào_ _w{Z nX {gé Zmdm Ÿ&&

{ZO H$a H$_b na{g __ grgm Ÿ& ha{fV Am{gf XrpÝh _wZrgm Ÿ&&

70

am_ ^J{V A{dab Ca Vmoao Ÿ& ~{g{h gXm àgmX A~ _moao Ÿ&&

Xmo. - gXm am_ {à` hmohþ Vwåh gw JwZ ^dZ A_mZ Ÿ&

H$m_ê$n BÀN>m_aZ ½`mZ {~amJ {ZYmZ Ÿ&&

Oo[h Aml_ Vwåh ~g~ _w{Z gw{_aV lr Jd§V Ÿ&

ã`m{n{h Vh± Z A{~Úm OmoOZ EH$ àO§V Ÿ&&113Ÿ&&

H$mb H$a_ JwZ Xmof gw mD$ Ÿ& H$Nw> XwI Vwåh{h Z ã`m{n{hH$mD$ Ÿ&&

am_ahñ` b{bV {~{Y ZmZm Ÿ& Jwá àJQ> B{Vhmg nwamZm Ÿ&&

{~Zw ò_ Vwåh OmZ~ g~ gmoD$ Ÿ& {ZV Zd Zoh am_ nB hmoD$ Ÿ&&

Omo BÀN>m H$[ahhþ _Z _mht Ÿ& à^w àgmX H$Nw> Xwab^ Zmht Ÿ&&

gw{Z _w{Z Am{gf gwZw _{VYram Ÿ& ~«÷{Jam B JJZ J§ ram Ÿ&&

Ed_ñVw V~ ~M _w{Z ½`mZr Ÿ& h _Z JV H$_© _Z ~mZr Ÿ&&

gw{Z Z^ {Jam haf _mo{h ED$ Ÿ& ào_ _JZ g~ g§g` JED$ Ÿ&&

H$[a {~ZVr _w{Z Am`gw nmB© Ÿ& nX gamoO nw{Z nw{Z {gé ZmB© Ÿ&&

haf g{hV ò{h Amò_ AmEC± Ÿ& à^w àgmX Xwab^ ~a nmEC± &&

Bhm± ~gV _mo{h gwZw IJB©gm Ÿ& ~rVo H$bn gmV Aé ~rgm Ÿ&&

H$am¢ gXm aKwn{V JwZ JmZm Ÿ& gmXa gwZqh {~h§J gwOmZm Ÿ&&

O~ O~ AdYnwar aKw~ram Ÿ& Yaqh ^JV {hV _ZwO garam Ÿ&&

V~ V~ OmB am_nwa ahD±$ Ÿ& {ggw brbm {~bmo{H$ gwI bhD±$ Ÿ&&

nw{Z Ca am{I am_ {ggwê$nm Ÿ& {ZO AmgZ Amdm¢ IJ^ynm Ÿ&&

H$Wm gH$b _¢ Vwåhqh gwZmB© Ÿ& H$mJ Xoh Oo{h H$maZ nmB© Ÿ&&

H$hoC± VmV g~ àñZ Vwåhmar Ÿ& am_ J{V _{h_m A{V ^mar Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Vm V| `h VZ _moqh {à` ÊC am_ nX Zoh Ÿ&

{ZO à^w XagZ nmEC± JEC gH$b g§Xoh Ÿ&&

^J{V nÀN> hR> H$[a ahoC± XrÝh _hm[a{f òmn Ÿ&

_w{Z Xwb© ~a nmEC± XoIhþ OZ àVmn Ÿ&&114Ÿ&&

Oo A{g ^J{V Om{Z n[ahaht Ÿ& Ho$~b kmZ hoVw l_ H$aht Ÿ&&

Vo O‹S> H$m_YoZw J¥h Ë`mJr Ÿ& ImoOV AmHw$ {\$a{h n` bmJr Ÿ&&

71

gwZw IJog h[a ^J{V {~hmB© Ÿ& Oo gwI Mmhqh AmZ CnmB© Ÿ&&

Vo gR> _hmqgYw {~Zw VaZr Ÿ& n¡[a nma Mmhqh O‹S> H$aZr Ÿ&&

gw{Z wgw§{S> Ho$ ~MZ dmZr Ÿ& ~moboC Jé‹S> ha{f _¥Xw ~mZr Ÿ&&

V~ àgmX à^w __ Ca _mht Ÿ& g§g` gmoH$ _moh ^«_ Zmht Ÿ&&

gwZoC± nwZrV am_ JwZ J«m_m Ÿ& Vwåhar H¥$nm bhoC {~lm_m Ÿ&&

EH$ ~mV à^w nyN>m¡ Vmohr Ÿ& H$hhþ± ~wPmB H¥$nm{Z{Y _mohr Ÿ&&

H$h{h g§V _w{Z ~oX nwamZm Ÿ& Zqh H$Nw> Xwb© kmZ g_mZm Ÿ&&

gmoB _w{Z Vwåh gZ H$hoC JmogmBª Ÿ& Zqh AmXaohþ J{V H$s ZmBª Ÿ&&

kmZ{h J{V{h A§Va Ho$Vm Ÿ& gH$b H$hhþ à^w H¥$nm{ZHo$Vm &&

gw{Z CaJm[a~MZ gwI ZmZm Ÿ& gmXa ~moboC H$mJ gwOmZm Ÿ&&

^J{V{h kmZ{h Zqh H$Nw> oXm Ÿ& C^` ha{h d g§ d IoXm Ÿ&&

ZmW _wZrg H$h{h H$Nw> A§Va Ÿ& gmdYmZ gmo gwZw {~h§J~a Ÿ&&

kmZ {~amJ OmoJ {~½`mZm Ÿ& o g~ nwéf gwZhþ h[aOmZm Ÿ&&

nwéf àVmn à~b g~ ^m±Vr Ÿ& A~bm A~b ghO O‹S> OmVr Ÿ&&

Xmo. - nwéf Ë`m{J gH$ Zm[a{h Omo {~aº$ _{V Yra Ÿ&

Z Vw H$m_r {df`m~g {~_wI Omo nX aKw~ra Ÿ&&

gmo. - gmoC _w{Z kmZ {ZYmZ _¥>JZ`Zr {~Yw _wI {Za{I Ÿ&

{~H$b hmo{h h[aOmZ Zm[a {~îZw _m`m àH$Q> Ÿ&&115Ÿ&&

Bhm± Z njnmV H$Nw> amIm¢ Ÿ& ~oX nwamZ g§V _V ^mfC± Ÿ&&

_moh Z Zm[a Zm[a Ho$ ê$nm Ÿ& nÞJm[a h ar{V AZynm Ÿ&&

_m`m J{V gwZhþ Vwåh XmoD$ Ÿ& Zm[a ~J© OmZ¢ g~ H$moD$ Ÿ&&

nw{Z aKw~ra{h J{V {n`mar Ÿ& _m`m Ibw ZÎm©H$s {~Mmar Ÿ&&

^J{Vqh gmZwHy$b aKwam`m Ÿ& Vm V| Vo{h S>an{V A{V _m`m Ÿ&&

am_ J{V {Zén_ {ZénmYr Ÿ& ~gB Omgw Ca gXm A~mYr Ÿ&&

Vo{h {~bmo{H$ _m`m gHw$MmB© Ÿ& H$[a Z gH$B H$Nw> {ZO à_wVmB© Ÿ&&

Ag {~Mm[a Oo _w{Z {~kmZr Ÿ& OmM{h J{V gH$b gwI ImZr Ÿ&&

72

Xmo. - `h ahñ` aKwZmW H$a ~o{J Z OmZB H$moB© Ÿ&

OmZo Vo aKwn{V H¥$nm gnZohþ± _moh Z hmoB Ÿ&&

Am¡amo ½`mZ ^J{V H$a oX gwZhþ gwà~rZ Ÿ&

Omo gw{Z hmoB am_ nX àr{V gXm A{~N>rZ Ÿ&&116Ÿ&&

gwZhþ VmV `h AH$W H$hmZr Ÿ& g_wPV ~ZB Z OmB ~ImZr Ÿ&&

B©ída A§g Ord A{dZmgr Ÿ& MoVZ A_b ghO gwIamgr Ÿ&&

gmo _m`m ~g EC JmogmBª Ÿ& ~§Ü`mo H$sa _H©$Q> H$s ZmBª Ÿ&&

O‹S> MoVZ{h J«§{W n[a JB© Ÿ& OX{n _¥fm Ny>Q>V H${R>ZB© Ÿ&&

V~ Vo Ord ÊC g§gmar Ÿ& Ny>Q> Z J«{W Z hmoB gwImar Ÿ&&

lw{V nwamZ ~hþ H$hoC CnmB© Ÿ& Ny>Q> Z A{YH$ A{YH$ AéPmB© Ÿ&&

Ord öX` V_ _moh {~gofr Ÿ& J«§{W Ny>{Q> {H${_ naB Z XoIr Ÿ&&

Ag g§ moJ B©g O~ H$aB© Ÿ& V~hþ H$Xm{MV gmo {ZéAaB©

gmpËdH$ lÕm YoZw gwhmB© Ÿ& Om¢ h[a H¥$nm öX`± ~g AmB© Ÿ&&

On Vn ~«V O_ {Z`_ Anmam Ÿ& Oo lw{V H$h gw Y_© AMmam Ÿ&&

Vo V¥U h[aV MaB O~ JmB© Ÿ& ^md ~ÀN> {ggw nmB noÝhmB© Ÿ&&

OmoB {Z~¥{Îm nmÌ {~ñdmgm Ÿ& {Z_©b _Z Ahra {ZO Xmgm Ÿ&&

na_ Y_©_` n` Xw{h mB© Ÿ& A~Q>B AZb AH$m_ ~ZmB© Ÿ&&

Vmof _éV V~ N>_m Ow‹S>md¡ Ÿ& Y¥{V g_ OmdZw XoB O_md¡ Ÿ&&

_w{XVm _WB boB ZdZrVm Ÿ& {~_b {~amJ gw J gwnwZrVm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - OmoJ A{J{Z H$[a àH$Q> V~ H$_© gw mgw bmB Ÿ&

~w{Õ {gamdB ½`mZ K¥V __Vm _b O[a OmB Ÿ&&

V~ {~kmZê${nZr ~w{Õ {~gX K¥V nmB Ÿ&

{MÎm {XAm [a YaB Ñ‹T> g_Vm {XA{Q> ~ZmB &&

Vr{Z AdñWm Vr{Z JwZ Vo{h H$nmg Vo H$m{‹T> Ÿ&

Vyb Vwar` g±dm[a nw{Z ~mVr H$aB gwJm{‹T> Ÿ&&

gmo. - ò{h {~{Y bogB Xrn VoOam{g {~kmZ_` Ÿ&

OmV{h Vmgw g_rn Oa{h _Xm{XH$ gb^ g~ Ÿ&&117Ÿ&&

73

gmoh_pñ_ B{V d¥{Îm AI§S>m Ÿ& Xrn {gIm gmoB na_ àM§S>m Ÿ&&

AmV_ AZw d gwI gwàH$mgm Ÿ& V~ ^d _yb oX ^«_ Zmgm Ÿ&&

à~b A{~Úm H$a n[admam Ÿ& _moh Am{X V_ {_Q>B Anmam Ÿ&&

V~ gmoB ~w{Õ nmB C{O`mam Ÿ& Ca J¥h ~¡{R> J«§{W {ZéAmam Ÿ&&

N>moaZ J«§{W nmd Om¢ gmoB© Ÿ& Vm¡ `h Ord H¥$VmaW hmoB© Ÿ&&

N>moaV J«§{W Om{Z IJam`m Ÿ& {~¿Z AZoH$ H$aB V~ _m`m Ÿ&&

[a{Õ {g{Õ àoaB ~hþ mB© Ÿ& ~w{Õ{h bmo {XImd{h AmB© Ÿ&&

H$b ~b N>b H$[a Omqh g_rnm Ÿ& A§Mb ~mV ~wPmd{h Xrnm Ÿ&&

hmoB© ~w{Õ Omo na_ g`mZr Ÿ& {VÝh VZw {MVdZ AZ{hV OmZr Ÿ&&

Om¢ Vo{h {~KZ ~w{Õ Zqh ~mYr Ÿ& Vm¡ ~hmo[a gwa H$a{h CnmYr Ÿ&&

B§Ðr Ûma PamoIm ZmZm Ÿ& Vh± Vh± gwa ~¡R>o H$[a WmZm Ÿ&&

AmdV XoIqh {~f` ~`mar Ÿ& Vo h{R> Xo{h H$nmQ> CKmar Ÿ&&

O~ gmo A^§OZ Ca J¥h OmB© Ÿ& V~{h Xrn {~kmZ ~wPmB© Ÿ&&

J«§{W Z Ny>{Q> {_Q>m gmo àH$mgm Ÿ& ~w{Õ {~H$b B {~f` ~Vmgm Ÿ&&

B§{X«Ýh gwaÝh Z kmZ gmohmB© Ÿ& {df` moJ na àr{V gXmB© Ÿ&&

{df` g_ra ~w{Õ H¥$V moar Ÿ& Vo{h {~{Y Xrn H$mo ~ma ~hmoar Ÿ&&

Xmo. - V~ {\$[a Or~ {~{~Y {~{Y nm~B g§g¥{V Šbog Ÿ&

h[a_m`m A{V XwñVa V[a Z OmB {~h§Jog Ÿ&&

H$hV H${R>Z g_wPV H${R>Z gmYV H${R>Z {~~oH$ Ÿ&

hmoB KwZmÀN>a Ý`m` Om¢ nw{Z àË`yh AZoH$ Ÿ&&118Ÿ&&

½`mZnW H¥$nmZ H¡$ Ymam Ÿ& naV IJog hmoB Zqh ~mam Ÿ&&

Om¢ {Z{~©¿Z n§W {Z~©hB© Ÿ& gmo H¡$dë` na_nX bhB© Ÿ&&

A{V Xwb© H¡$dë` na_ nX Ÿ& g§V nwamZ {ZJ_ AmJ_ ~X Ÿ&&

am_ OV gmoB gwH¥${V JwgmBª Ÿ& AZBpÀN>V AmdB ~[aAmBª Ÿ&&

{O{_ Wb {~Zw Ob a{h Z gH$mB© Ÿ& H$mo{Q> ^m±{V H$moC H$aB CnmB© Ÿ&&

VWm _moj gwI gwZw IJamB© Ÿ& a{h Z gH$B h[a J{V {~hmB© Ÿ&&&

Ag {~Mm[a h[a JV g`mZo Ÿ& _wHw${V {ZamXa J{V bw mZo Ÿ&&

74

^J{V H$aV {~Zw OVZ à`mgm Ÿ& g§g¥{V _yb A{~Úm Zmgm Ÿ&&

^moOZ H$[aA V¥{á {hV bmJr Ÿ& {O{_ gmo AgZ nMB OR>amJr Ÿ&&

A{g h[a ^J{V gwJ_ gwIXmB© Ÿ& H$mo Ag _y‹T> Z Om{h gwhmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - godH$ goã` md {~Zw d Z V[aA CaJm[a Ÿ&

Ôhþ am_ nX n§H$O Ag {gÕm§V {~Mm[a Ÿ&&

Omo MoVZ H$h± O‹S> H$aB O‹S>{h H$aB M¡VÝ` Ÿ&

Ag g_aW aKwZm`H$qh Oqh Ord Vo YÝ` Ÿ&&119Ÿ&&

H$hoC± kmZ {gÕm§V ~wPmB© Ÿ& gwZhþ J{V _{Z H¡$ à^wVmB© Ÿ&&

am_ ^J{V qMVm_{Z gwÝXa Ÿ& ~gB Jé‹S> OmHo$ Ca A§Va Ÿ&&

na_ àH$mg ê$n {XZ amVr Ÿ& Zqh H$Nw> M{hA {X`m K¥V ~mVr Ÿ&&

_moh X[aÐ {ZH$Q> Zqh Amdm Ÿ& bmo ~mV Zqh Vm{h ~wPmdm Ÿ&&

à~b A{~Úm V_ {_{Q> OmB© Ÿ& hmaqh gH$b gb^ g_wXmB© Ÿ&&

Ib H$m_m{X {ZH$Q> Zqh Omht Ÿ& ~gB J{V OmHo$ Ca _mht Ÿ&&

Jab gwYm g_ A[a {hV hmoB© Ÿ& Vo{h _{Z {~Zw gwI nmd Z H$moB© Ÿ&&

ã`mn{h _mZg amoJ Z mar Ÿ& {OÝhHo$ ~g g~ Ord XwImar Ÿ&&

am_ ^J{V _{Z Ca ~g OmH|$ Ÿ& XwI bd bog Z gnZohþ° VmH|$ Ÿ&&

MVwa {gamo_{Z VoB OJ _mht Ÿ& Oo _{Z bm{J gwOVZ H$amht Ÿ&&

gmo _{Z OX{n àH$Q> OJ AhB© Ÿ& am_ H¥$nm {~Zw Zqh H$moC bhB© Ÿ&&

gwJ_ Cnm` nmB~o Ho$ao Ÿ& Za hV^m½` Xoqh Q> oao Ÿ&&

nmdZ nd©V ~oX nwamZm Ÿ& am_ H$Wm é{MamH$a ZmZm Ÿ&&

__u g‚mZ gw_{V Hw$Xmar Ÿ& kmZ {~amJ Z`Z CaJmar Ÿ&&

^md g{hV ImoOB Omo àmZr Ÿ& nmd J{V _{Z g~ gwIImZr Ÿ&&

_moao _Z à^w Ag {~ñdmgm Ÿ& am_ V| A{YH$ am_ H$a Xmgm Ÿ&&

am_ qgYw KZ g‚mZ Yram Ÿ& M§XZ Vé h[a g§V g_ram Ÿ&&

g~ H$a \$b h[a ^J{V gwhmB© Ÿ& gmo {~Zw g§V Z H$mhÿ nmB© Ÿ&&

Ag {~Mm[a OmoB© H$a gVg§Jm Ÿ& am_ J{V Vo{h gwb^ {~h§Jm Ÿ&&

75

Xmo. - ~«÷ n`mo{Z{Y _§Xa kmZ g§V gwa Amqh Ÿ&&

H$Wm gwYm _{W H$m‹T>qh J{V _YwaVm Om[h Ÿ&

{~a{V M_© A{g kmZ _Ð bmo _moh [anw _m[a Ÿ&

O` nmBA gmo h[a J{V XoIw IJog {~Mm[a Ÿ&&120Ÿ&&

nw{Z gào_ ~mobC IJamD$ Ÿ& Om¢ H¥$nmb _mo{h D$na mD$ Ÿ&&

ZmW _moqh -{ZO godH$ OmZr Ÿ& gá àñZ __ H$hhþ ~ImZr Ÿ&&

àW_qh H$hhþ ZmW _{VYram Ÿ& g~ Vo Xwb© H$dZ garam Ÿ&&

~‹S> XwI H$dZ H$dZ gwI ^mar Ÿ& gmoC g§N>on{h H$hhþ {~Mmar Ÿ&&

g§V Ag§V _a_ Vwåh OmZC Ÿ&{VÝh H$a ghO gw md ~ImZhþ Ÿ&&

H$dZ nwÝ` lw{V {~{XV {~gmbm Ÿ& H$hhþ H$dZ AK na_ H$ambm Ÿ&&

_mZg amoJ H$hhþ g_wPmB© Ÿ& Vwåh gd©k H¥$nm A{YH$mB© Ÿ&&

VmV gwZhþ gmXa A{V àrVr Ÿ& _¢ g§N>on H$hm¢ `h ZrVr Ÿ&&

Za VZ g_ Zqh H$d{ZC Xohr Ÿ& Ord MamMa OmMV Oohr Ÿ&&

ZaH$ ñdJ© AndJ© {ZgoZr Ÿ& kmZ {~amJ J{V gw XoZr Ÿ&&

gmo VZw Y[a h[a Ôqh Z Oo Za Ÿ& hmo{h {~fàV _§X _§XVa Ÿ&&

H$m±Mw {H$[aM ~Xbo Vo bohr Ÿ& H$a V| S>m[a nag_{Z Xoht Ÿ&&

Zqh X[aÐ g_ XwI OJ _mht Ÿ& g§V {_bZ g_ gwI OJ Zmht Ÿ&&

na CnH$ma ~MZ _Z H$m`m Ÿ& g§V ghO gw md IJam`m Ÿ&&

g§V gh{h XwI na{hV bmJr Ÿ& na XwI hoVw Ag§V A^mJr Ÿ&&

^yO© Vê$ g_ g§V H¥$nmbm Ÿ& na{hV {Z{V gh{dn{V {~gmbm Ÿ&&

gZ Bd Ib na ~§YZ H$aB© Ÿ& Imb H$‹T>mB {~n{V g{h _aB© Ÿ&&

Ib {~Zw ñdmaW na AnH$mar Ÿ& A{h _yfH$ Bd gwZw CaJmar Ÿ&&

na g§nXm {~Zm{g Zgmht Ÿ& {O{_ g{g h{V {h_ Cnb {~bmht Ÿ&&

Xwï> CX` OJ Ama{V hoVy Ÿ& OWm à{gÕ AY_© Ho$Vy Ÿ&&

g§V CX` g§VV gwIH$mar Ÿ& {~ñd gwIX {O{_ B§Xw V_mar Ÿ&&

na_ Ya_ lw{V {~{XV Aqhgm Ÿ& na qZXm g_ AK Z {Jargm Ÿ&&

h[a Jwé qZXH$ XmXwa hmoB© Ÿ& OZ_ ghò nmd VZ gmoB© Ÿ&&

76

{ÛO qZXH$ ZaH$ ^moJ H$[a Ÿ& OJ OZ_B ~m`g gara Y[a Ÿ&&

gwa lw{V qZXH$ Oo A{^_mZr Ÿ& am¡ad ZaH$ naqh Vo àmZr Ÿ&&

hmo{h CbyH$ g§V qZXm aV Ÿ& _moh {Zgm {à` kmZ ^mZw JV Ÿ&&

g~ H¡$ qZXm Oo ~‹S> H$aht Ÿ& Vo M_JmXwa hmoB AdV[aht Ÿ&&

gwZhþ VmV A~ _mZg amoJm Ÿ& {OÝh V| XwI nmdqh g~ bmoJm Ÿ&&

_moh gH$b ã`m{YÝh H$a _ybm Ÿ& {VÝh V| nw{Z CnOqh ~hþ gybm Ÿ&&

H$m_ ~mV H$\$ bmo Anmam Ÿ& H«$moY {nÎm {ZV N>mVr Omam Ÿ&&

àr{V H$aqh Om¢ Vr{ZC mB© Ÿ& CnOB gÝ`nmV XwIXmB© Ÿ&&

{df` _ZmoaW XwJ©_ ZmZm Ÿ& Vo g~ gyb Zm_ H$mo OmZm Ÿ&&

__Vm XmXw H§$‹Sx> BafmB© Ÿ& haf {dfmX Jah ~hþVmB© Ÿ&&

na gwI Xo{I Oa{Z gmoB© N>B© Ÿ& Hw$ï> Xwï>Vm _Z Hw${Q>bmB© Ÿ&&

Ah§H$ma A{V XwIX S>_éAm Ÿ& X§ H$nQ> _X _mZ ZhéAm Ÿ&&

V¥ñZm CXa~¥{Õ A{V mar Ÿ& {Ì{~Y B©fZm VéZ {VOmar Ÿ&&

OwJ {~{Y _Ëga A{~doH$m Ÿ& H$h± b{J H$hm¢ Hw$amoJ AZoH$m Ÿ&&

Xmo. - EH$ ì`m{Y ~g Za _aqh o Agm{Y ~hþ ì`m{Y Ÿ&

nr‹S>{h g§VV H$h±þ gmo {H${_ bhB g_m{Y Ÿ&&

Zo_ Y_© AmMma Vn ½`mZ Ok On XmZ Ÿ&

ôfO nw{Z H$mo{Q>>Ýh Zht amoJ Omqh h[aOmZ Ÿ&&121Ÿ&&

ò{h {~{Y gH$b Ord OJ amoJr Ÿ& gmoH$ haf ` àr{V {~`moJr Ÿ&&

_mZg amoJ H$Nw>H$ _¢ JmE Ÿ& hqh g~ Ho$ b{I {~abopÝh nmE Ÿ&&

OmZo Vo N>rO{h H$Nw> nmnr Ÿ& Zmg Z nmdqh OJ n[aVmnr Ÿ&&

{df` Hw$nÏ` nmB A§Hw$ao Ÿ& _w{Zhþ öX`± H$m Za ~mnwao Ÿ&&

am_ H¥$nm Zmg{h g~ amoJm Ÿ& Om¢ B{h m±{V ~ZB g§OmoJm Ÿ&&

gXJwa ~¡X ~MZ {~ñdmgm Ÿ& g§O_ `h Z {df` H¡$ Amgm Ÿ&&

aKwn{V J{V gOrd{Z _yar Ÿ& AZynmZ lÕm _{V nyar Ÿ&&

ò{h {~{Y bo{h Hw$amoJ Zgmht Ÿ& Zmqh V OVZ H$mo{Q> Zqh Omht Ÿ&&

Om{ZA V~ _Z {~éO JmogmBª Ÿ& O~ Ca ~b {~amJ A{YH$mB© Ÿ&&

77

gw_{V Nw>Ym ~m‹T>B {ZV ZB© Ÿ& {~f` Amg Xw~©bVm JB© Ÿ&&

{~_b kmZ Ob O~ gmo ZhmB© Ÿ& V~ ah am_ ^J{V Ca N>mB© Ÿ&&

{gd AO gwH$ gZH$m{XH$ ZmaX Ÿ& Oo _w{Z ~«÷ {~Mma {~gmaX Ÿ&&

g~ H$a _V IJZm`H$ òhm Ÿ& H$[a ` am_ nX n§H$O Zohm Ÿ&&

lw{V nwamZ g~ J«§W H$hmht Ÿ& aKwn{V J{V {~Zm gwI Zmht Ÿ&&

H$_R> nr{R> OmJqh ~é ~mam Ÿ& ~§Ü`mgwV ~é H$mhþ{h _mam Ÿ&&

\y$b{h Z^ ~é ~hþ {~{Y \y$bm Ÿ& Ord Z bh gwI h[a à{VHy$bm Ÿ&&

V¥fm OmB ~é _¥JOb nmZm Ÿ& ~é Om_qh gg grg {~fmZm Ÿ&&

A§YH$ma ~é a{~{h Zgmd¡ Ÿ& am_ {~_wI Z Ord gwI nmd¡ Ÿ&&

{h_ V| AZb àJQ> ~é hmoB© Ÿ& {~_wI am_ gwI nmd Z H$moB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - ~m[a _Wo K¥V hmoB ~é {gH$Vm V| ~é Vob Ÿ&

{~Zw h[a OZ Z d V[aA `h {gÕm§V Anob Ÿ&&

_gH${h H$aB {~a§{M à^w AO{h _gH$ Vo hrZ Ÿ&

Ag {~Mm[a V{O g§g` am_{hÔqh à~rZ Ÿ&&122Ÿ&&

íbm. - {~{ZpíMV§ ~Xm{_ Vo Z AÝ`Wm ~Mm§{g _o Ÿ&

h[a Zam ÔpÝV ò B{VXwñVa§ VapÝV Vo Ÿ&&

H$hoC± ZmW h[a M[aV AZynm Ÿ& ã`mg g_mg ñd_{V AZwê$nm Ÿ&&

lw{V {gÕm§V Bh¡ CaJmar Ÿ& am_ {OA g~ H$m_ {~gmar Ÿ&&

à^w aKwn{V V{O goBA H$mhr Ÿ& _mo{h go gR> na __Vm Omhr Ÿ&&

Vwåh {~kmZ ê$n Zqh _mohm Ÿ& ZmW H$spÝh _mona A{V N>mohm Ÿ&&

ny±{N>hþ am_ H$Wm A{V nmd{Z Ÿ& gwH$ gZH$m{X g§ w _Z md{Z Ÿ&&

gVg§J{V Xwb© g§gmam Ÿ& {Z{_{f X§S> [a EH$m¡ ~mam Ÿ&&

XoIw Jé‹S> {ZO öX`± {~Mmar Ÿ& _¢ aKw~ra ÔZ A{XH$mar Ÿ&&

gHw$ZmY_ g~ m±{V AnmdZ Ÿ& à w _mo{h H$sÝh {~{XV OJnmdZ Ÿ&&

Xmo. - AmOw YÝ` _¢ A{V OÚ{n g~ {~{Y hrZ Ÿ&

{ZO OZ Om{Z am_ _mo{h g§V g_mJ_ XrÝh Ÿ&&

ZmW OWm_{V mfoC± amIoC± Zqh H$Nw> JmoB Ÿ&

M[aV qgYw aKwZm`H$ Wmh {H$ nmdB H$moB© Ÿ&&123Ÿ&&

78

gw{_[a am_ Ho$ JwZ JZ ZmZm Ÿ& nw{Z nw{Z haf ^wgw§{S> gwOmZm Ÿ&&

_{h_m {ZJ_ Zo{V H$[a JmB© Ÿ& AVw{bV ~b àVmn à^wVmB© Ÿ&&

{gd AO nyÁ` MaZ aKwamB© Ÿ& _mona H¥$nm na_ _¥XwbmB© Ÿ&&

Ag gw m` gwZm¢ Z XoIm¢ Ÿ& Ho${h IJog aKwn{V g~ boIm¢ Ÿ&&

gmYH$ {gÕ {~_wº$ CXmgr Ÿ& H${~ H$mo{~X H¥$Vk g§Ý`mgr Ÿ&&

OmoJr gya gwVmng kmZr Ÿ& Y_© {ZaV n§{S>V {~kmZr Ÿ&&

Vaqh Z {~Zw goE __ ñdm_r Ÿ& am_ Z_m{_ Z_m{_ Z_m_r Ÿ&&

gaZ JE _mo go AKamgr Ÿ& hmo{h gwÕ Z_m{_ A{~Zmgr Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Omgw Zm_ ^d ôfO haZ Kmoa Ì` gyb Ÿ&

gmo H¥$nmbw _mona gXm ahhþ am_ AZwHy$b Ÿ&&

gw{Z ^wgw§{S> Ho$ ~MZ gw Xo{I am_ nX Zoh Ÿ&

~moboC ào_ g{hV {Jam Jé‹S> {~JV g§Xoh Ÿ&&124Ÿ&&

_¢ H¥$VH¥$Ë` EC± V~ ~mZr Ÿ& gw{Z aKw~ra ^J{V ag gmZr Ÿ&&

am_ MaZ ZyVZ a{V ^B© Ÿ& _m`m O{ZV {~n{V g~ JB© Ÿ&&

_moh Ob{Y ~mo{hV Vwåh E Ÿ& _mo H$hþ± ZmW {~{~Y gwI XE Ÿ&&

_mo nqh hmoB Z à{V CnH$mam Ÿ& Xm¢ Vd nX ~maqh ~mam Ÿ&&

nyaZH$m_ am_ AZwamJr Ÿ& Vwåh g_ VmV Z H$moC ~‹S> ^mJr Ÿ&&

g§V {~nQ> g[aVm {J[a YaZr Ÿ& na{hV hoVw g~Ýh H¡$ H$aZr Ÿ&&

g§V öX` ZdZrV g_mZm Ÿ& H$hm H${~Ýh n¡ H$hB Z OmZm Ÿ&&

{ZO n[aVmn Ð~B ZdZrVm Ÿ& na XwI Ð~{h g§V gwnwZrVm Ÿ&&

OrdZ OÝ_ gw\$b __ ED$ Ÿ& V~ àgmX g~ g§g` JED$ Ÿ&&

OmZohþ gXm _mo{h {ZO qH$H$a Ÿ& nw{Z nw{Z C_m H$hB {~h§J~a Ÿ&&

Xmo. - Vmgw MaZ {gé ZmB H$[a ào_ g{hV _{VYra Ÿ&

JEC Jé‹S> ~¢Hw§$R> V~ öX`± am{I aKw~ra Ÿ&&

{J[aOm g§V g_mJ_ g_ Z bm^ H$Nw> AmZ Ÿ&

{~Zw h[a H¥$nm Z hmoB gmo Jmdqh ~oX nwamZ Ÿ&&125Ÿ&&

H$hoC± na_ nwZrV B{Vhmgm Ÿ& gwZV òdZ Ny>Q>qh dnmgm Ÿ&&

79

àZV H$ënVé H$éZm nw§Om Ÿ& CnOB àr{V am_ nX H§$Om Ÿ&&

_Z H«$_ ~MZ O{ZV A~ OmB© Ÿ& gwZqh Oo H$Wm òdZ _Zw bmB© Ÿ&&

VrWm©Q>Z gmYZ g_wXmB© Ÿ& OmoJ {~amJ kmZ {ZnwZmB© Ÿ&&

ZmZm H$_© Y_© ~«V XmZm Ÿ& g§O_ X_ On Vn _I ZmZm Ÿ&&

^yV X`m {ÛO Jwa go~H$mB© Ÿ& {~Úm {~Z` {~~oH$ ~‹S>mB© Ÿ&&

Oh± bmoJ gmYZ ~oX ~ImZr Ÿ& g~ H$a \$b h[a ^J{V dmZr Ÿ&&

gmo aKwZmW ^J{V lw{V JmB© Ÿ& am_ H¥$nm H$mh±ÿ EH$ nmB© Ÿ&&

Xmo. - _w{Z Xwb© h[a J{V Za nmd{h§ {~Zqh à`mg Ÿ&

Oo h H$Wm {Za§Va gwZ{h _m{Z {~ñdmg Ÿ&&126Ÿ&&

gmoB© gd©k JwZr gmoB© kmVm Ÿ& gmoB _{h _§S>Z n§{S>V XmVm Ÿ&&

Y_© nam`Z gmoB© Hw$bÌmVm Ÿ& am_ MaZ OmH$a _Z amVm Ÿ&&

Zr{V {ZnwZ gmoB na_ g`mZm Ÿ& lw{V {gÕm§V ZrH$ Vo{h OmZm Ÿ&&

gmoB H${~ H$mo{~X gmoB aZYram Ÿ& Omo ~b N>m±‹S>> OB© aKw~ram Ÿ&&

YÝ` gmo Xog Ohm± gwagar Ÿ& YÝ` Zm[a n{V~«V AZwgmar Ÿ&&

YÝ` gmo ^yn Zr{V Omo H$aB© Ÿ& YÝ` gmo {ÛO {ZO Y_©w Z Q>aB© Ÿ&&

gmo YZ YÝ` àW_ J{V OmH$s Ÿ& YÝ` nwÝ` aV _{V gmoB nmH$s Ÿ&&

YÝ` Kar gmoB O~ gVg§Jm Ÿ& YÝ` OÝ_ {ÛO ^J{V A^§Jm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - gmo Hw$b YÝ` C_m gwZw OJV nyÁ` gwnwZrV Ÿ&

lr aKw~ra nam`Z Oo{h Za CnO {~ZrV Ÿ&&127Ÿ&&

_{V AZwê$n H$Wm _¢ ^mfr Ÿ& OÚ{n àW_ Jwá H$[a amIr Ÿ&&

V~ _Z àr{V Xo{I A{YH$mB© Ÿ& Vm¡ _¢ aKwn{V H$Wm gwZmB© Ÿ&&

`h Z H${hA gR>ht hR>grbqh Ÿ& Omo _Z bmB Z gwZ h[a brbqh Ÿ&&

H${hA Z bmo{^{h H«$mo{Y{h H$m{_{h Ÿ& Omo Z OB gMamMa ñdm{_{h Ÿ&&

{ÛOÐmo$hmo{h {h Z gwZmBA H$~h±ÿ Ÿ& gwan{V g[ag hmoB Z¥n O~h±ÿ Ÿ&&

am_ H$Wm Ho$ VoB A{YH$mar Ÿ& {OÝh Ho$ gVg§J{V A{V ß`mar Ÿ&&

Jwa nX àr{V Zr{V aV OoB© Ÿ& {ÛO godH$ A{YH$mar VoB© Ÿ&&

Vm H$h±þ `h {~go{f gwIXmB© Ÿ& Om{h àmZ {à` lr aKwamB© Ÿ&&

80

Xmo. - am_ MaZ a{V Om¡ Mh¡ AWdm nX {Z~m©Z Ÿ&

^md g{hV gmo o{h H$Wm H$am¡ òdZ nwQ> nmZ Ÿ&&128Ÿ&&

am_ H$Wm {J[aOm _¢ ~aZr Ÿ& H${b_b g_{Z _Zmo_b haZr Ÿ&&

g§g¥{V amoJ gOrdZ _yar Ÿ& am_ H$Wm Jmdqh lw{V gyar Ÿ&&

ò{h _h± é{Ma gá gmonmZm Ÿ& aKwn{V J{V Ho$a n§WmZm Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

A{V h[a H¥$nm Om{h na hmoB© Ÿ& nmC± Xo{h ò{h _maJ gmoB© Ÿ&&

_ZH$m_Zm {g{Õ Za nmdm Ÿ& Oo òh H$Wm H$nQ> V{O Jmdm Ÿ&&

H$hqh gwZqh AZw_moXZ H$aht Ÿ& Vo JmonX Bd d{Z{Y Vaht Ÿ&&

gw{Z g~ H$Wm öX`± A{V ^mB© Ÿ& {J[aOm ~mobr {Jam gwhmB© Ÿ&&

ZmWH¥$nm __ JV g§Xohm Ÿ& am_ MaZ CnOoC Zd Zohm Ÿ&&

Xmo. - _¢ H¥$VH¥$Ë` BC± A~ V~ àgmX {~ñdog Ÿ&

CnOr am_ J{V Ñ‹T> ~rVo gH$b H$bog Ÿ&&129Ÿ&&

`h gw g§ w C_m g§~mXm Ÿ& gwI g§nXZ g_Z {~fmXm Ÿ&&

^d ^§§OZ _§OZ g§Xohm Ÿ& OZ a§OZ g‚mZ {à` òhm Ÿ&&

am_ CnmgH$ Oo OJ _mht Ÿ& o{h g~ {à` {VÝhH|$ H$Nw> Zmht Ÿ&&

aKwn{V H¥$nm OWm_{V Jmdm Ÿ& _¢ h nmdZ M[aV gwhmdm Ÿ&&

ò{h H${bH$mb Z gmYZ XyOm Ÿ& OmoJ Ok On Vn ~«V nyOm Ÿ&&

am_{h gw{_[aA JmBA am_{h Ÿ& g§VV gw{ZA am_ JwZ J«m_qh Ÿ&&

Omgw n{VVnmdZ ~h ~mZm Ÿ& Jmdqh H${~ lw{V g§V nwamZm Ÿ&

Vm{h ^{OA _Z V{O Hw${Q>bmB© Ÿ& am_ Ôo J{V Ho${h Zqh nmB© Ÿ&&

N>§. - nmB© Z J{V n{VVnmdZ am_ ^{O Ib Vmao KZm Ÿ&

J{ZH$m AOm{_b ã`mY JrY JOm{X Ib Vmao KZm Ÿ&&

Am^ra OdZ {H$amV Ig ñdnMm{V A{V AKê$n Oo Ÿ&

H${h Zm_ ~maH$ Vo{n nmdZ hmoqh am_ Z_m{_ Vo Ÿ&&

aKw~§g^yfZ M[aV `h Za H$hqh gwZqh Oo Jmdht Ÿ&

H${b_b _Zmo_b YmoB {~Zw ò_ am_Ym_ {gYmdht Ÿ&&

gV n§M Mm¡nmB© _Zmoha Om{Z Omo Za Ca Yao Ÿ&

81

XméZ A{dÚm n§M O{ZV {~H$ma lr aKwn{V hao Ÿ&&

gwÝXa gwOmZ H¥$nm{ZYmZ AZmW na H$a àr{V Omo Ÿ&

gmo EH$ am_ AH$m_ {hV {Z~m©ZàX g_ AmZ H$mo Ÿ&&

OmH$s H¥$nm bd bog Vo _{V_§X VwbgrXmg h±ÿ Ÿ&

nmEC na_ {~lm_w am_ g_mZ à^w Zmht H$h±ÿ Ÿ&&

Xmo. - _mo g_ XrZ Z XrZ{hV Vwåh g_mZ aKw~ra Ÿ&

Ag {dMm[a aKw~§g_{Z hahþ {df_ d^ra Ÿ&&

H$m{_{h Zm[a {nAm[a {O{_ bmo{^{h {à` {O{_ Xm_ Ÿ&

{V{_ aKwZmW {Za§Va {à` bmJhþ _mo{h am_ Ÿ&&130Ÿ&&

íbo. - `ËnyMª à^wUm H¥$V§ gwH${~Zm lreå^wZm XwJ©_§ Ÿ&

lr_Ðm_nXmãO^{º$_{Ze§ àmßV¡Vw am_mÙ§ Ÿ&&

_Ëdm VX«KwZmWZm_{ZaV§ ñdmÝVñV_:emÝVò Ÿ&

^mfm~Õ{_X§ MH$ma VwbgrXmgñVWm _mZg§ Ÿ&&

nwÊ § nmnha§ gXm {edH$a§ {dkmZ^{º$àX§ Ÿ&

_m`m_moh^dmnh§ gw{d_b§ ào_må~wnya§ ew _² Ÿ&&

lr_X«m_M[aÌ_mZg{_X§ º$`mdJmhpÝV o Ÿ&

Vo g§gmanV§JKmoa{H$aU¡X©øpÝV Zmo _mZdm: Ÿ&&

***

82

4.8 DeY³eeme àíZ : * XrK© CÎma_ybH$ àíZ :

1. VwbgrXmg _Ü`H$mb Ho$ gdm©{YH$ bmoH${à` H${d h¢, H¡$go ?

2. am_H$Wm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Vwbgr Zo VV²H$mbrZ g_mO H$m ~‹S>m CnH$ma {H$`m h¡ -

gmo Š`m| ?

3. am_M[aV _mZg Ho$ _m{_©H$ ñWbm| H$s g_rjm H$s{OE Ÿ&

4. Vwbgr H$s H$mì`mË_H$Vm H$m _yë`m§H$Z H$s{OE Ÿ&

5. ""Vwbgr Zo am_M[aV Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Xoe Ho$ gm_Zo EH$ AmXe© aIm, Omo `WmW© go

Xya Zht'' - Bg H$WZ H$r AmbmoMZm H$s{OE Ÿ&

6. H$mH$ ^wewpÊS> - Jé‹S> g§~mX H$m _hÎd CX²Km{Q>V H$s{OE Ÿ&

7. CÎma H$mÊS> Ho$ AmYma na Vwbgr Ho$ OrdZ-Xe©Z H$s ê$naoIm V¡ ma H$s{OE Ÿ&

8. CÎma H$mÊS> _| ^{º$ Ho$ {Og ñdê$n H$m {Z_m©U hþAm h¡ Cgo AnZo eãXm| _| {b{IE Ÿ&

9. ""Vwbgr Zo "ñdmÝV:gwIm`' H$mì` H$s aMZm H$s bo{H$Z "dh ~hþOZ {hVm`' _|

~Xb J`m'' - Bg H$WZ H$s g_rjm H$s{OE Ÿ&

* g§{já àíZ :g§{já {Q>ßnUr {b{IE :

1. CÎma H$mÊS> _| kmZ Am¡a ^{º$ H$m g_Ýd`

2. Vwbgr H$s ^{º$ mdZm

3. Vwbgr $ Xe©Z Ho$ {d{dY nj

4. Vwbgr H$s mfm

5. ñdmÝV:gwIm` Vwbgr aKwZmW JmWm

6. Vwbgr H$s bmoH$ _§Jb -^mdZm

7. am_M[aV _mZg _| g_Ýd` H$s {damQ> Moï>m

83

* bKyÎmar àíZ :gàg§J ì`m»`m {b{IE :

1) {^Þ {^Þ _¢ ....... ào[aV _moh g_ra Ÿ&

2) Zmar Hw$_w{XZr AdY ga ....... Mbo ^JdmZ Ÿ&

3) A{dab^J{V ....... X`mH$[a am_ Ÿ&

4) _m`m g§ d ....... AMb AZwamJ

5) h[a _m`mH¥$V ....... JE {dXog Ÿ&

6) OmoJ A{J{Z ....... ~mVr H$aB gwJm{‹T> Ÿ&

7). ~m[a _Wo K¥V hmoB ....... à~rZ Ÿ&

8) _mo g_ XrZ Z ....... bmJhþ _mo{h am_ Ÿ&

1.9 g§X^© J«§W :1. Vwbgr Xe©Z - S>m°. ~bXod àgmX {_l Ÿ&

2.Vwbgr H$m _mZg - S>m°. _w§eram_ e_m©

3. VwbgrXmg - S>m°. _mVmàgmX Jwá Ÿ&

4. {hÝXr gm{hË` H$s y{_H$m - S>m°. hOmaràgmX {ÛdoXr Ÿ&

5, lram_M[aV _mZg - JrVm àog , JmoaInwa Ÿ&

6. VwbgrXmg Am¡a CZH$m H$mì` - S>m°. am_Zaoe {ÌnmR>r Ÿ&

7. Jmoñdm_r XwbgrXmg - Am. am_MÝÐ ewŠb Ÿ&

8. Vwbgr Xe©Z _r_m§gm - S>m°. CX`^mZw qgh Ÿ&

84

Unit -II

{dZ` n{ÌH$m

2. {dZ` n{ÌH$m :2.1 J«§W n[aM`2.2 Zm_H$aU H$s gmW©H$Vm2.3 {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| ~ñVw{dYmZ2.4 {dZ` n{ÌH$m H$m H$mì` ê$n2.5 {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| ^{º$2.6 ^md nj : H$mì` gm¡ÝX`©2.7 H$bm nj2.8 Ab§H$ma2.9 {dZ` n{ÌH$m H$m _yb nmR>2.10 eãXmW©2.11 g§X^© Ho$ gmW nXm| Ho$ $ÝÐr` ^md

2.12 DeY³eeme àíZ2.13 g§X^© J«§W

85

Unit -II

{dZ` n{ÌH$m

2.1 J«§W n[aM` :Bg_| {dZ` Ho$ 276 nX h¢ Ÿ& h Jmoñdm_rOr H$s A§{V_ aMZm kmV hmoVr h¡ ŸAm¡a Bg_| CZH$s

H${dËd e{º$ nyU©ê$noUm àH${Q>V hþB© h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| CZHo$ AJmY nmpÊS>Ë`, eãXH$moe, H$mì` H$m¡ebAm{X H$m nyam n[aM` {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& h n{ÌH$m àmW©Zm Ho$ ê$n _| gOmB© JB© h¡ Am¡a BVZr hm{X©H$ AmñWmHo$ gmW {bIr JB© h¡ {H$ Adí` hr ^JdmZ lram_MÝX« Zo Bgo ñdrH$ma H$a {b`m hmoJm Ÿ& `h J«§Wam_M[aV _mZg Ho$ g_mZ AË`§V à{gÕ h¡ Ÿ& H${b`wJ H$s Hw$Mmb go nr{‹S>V hmoH$a, O¡gm H${dVmdbr_| r ào{fV H$s Wr Omo EH$ AaOr m àmW©ZmnÌ Ho$ ê$n _| h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| g~go nhbo _§JbmMaU Ho$ ê$n _|JUoe dÝXZm VWm gy ©, e§H$a, Xodr, J§Jm, `_wZm, hZw_mZ, bú_U, âV, grVm VWm am_ Ed§ ZaZmamÙ H$s ñVw{V`m± h¢ Ÿ& `h ^º$m| H$m H§$R>hma h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| Vwbgr H$s {ZOr ^{º$^mdZm H$m {dH$mgXoIZo H$mo {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& ^{º$ Ho$ {d{^Þ ^mdm| H$m {Og gƒmB© Am¡a ñdm^m{dH$Vm Ho$ gmW Bg_| dU©ZhþAm h¡ dh CËH¥$ï> Jr{V H$mì` H$m Z_yZm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| ^{º$ H$s gabYmam Ag§»` ^mdm| Ho$ Va§Jm| goVa§{JV hmoVr hþB© àdm{hV hþB© h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| X¡Ý`, {dídmg, AmË_^Ëg©Zm, {Zd}X, ~moY, Ñ‹T>Vm, hf©, Jd©,Cnmb§ , _moh, qMVm-{dfmX, ào_ Am{X {d{dY^md AnZo gOrd ê$n _| {dÚ_mZ h¢ Ÿ& Bg_| {º$agH$m hr àdmh h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo Bg J«§W _| Jr{VH$mì` H$m ewÕ Am¡a CËH¥$ï> Z_yZm aIm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| Vwbgr Zo{d{^Þ Xme©{ZH$ _VôXm| Ho$ P_obo _| Z n‹S>H$a EH$ ^{º$_mJ© H$mo AnZmZo H$m g§Ho$V {H$`m h¡ Am¡aCÝhm|Zo Bg _mJ© na AnZr AQy>Q> AmñWm ñnï> H$s h¡ Ÿ&

2.2 {dZ` n{ÌH$m Ho$ Zm_H$aU H$s gmW©H$Vm :{dZ` ^maVr` _Zrfm H$s EH$ {dH${gV AdYmaUm h¡ Omo bmoH$Zr{V, Zr{V, Y_m©MaU,

AmË_mZwemgZ, bmoH$ ì`dhma go Ow‹S>H$a {dZ`r H$mo AmË_íbmKm go _wº$ H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& bmoH$ _| CËnÞhmoZo dmbo {_Ï`m{^_mZ Ho$ R>rH$ {dnarV h AmË_m H$m àU{Vâm EH$ AZwemgZ h¡ Ÿ& AmË_kmZ OÝÈH$ g§ñH$ma h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| "{dZ`' eãX H$m àU{V AW© _| à`moJ {H$`m h¡ -

""{dZ` H$am¢ An^`hþ Vo Vwåh na_ {hV¡hmo Ÿ&''

{dZ` EH$ {deof {MÎm Xem h¡ {OgHo$ {bE Ah§H$ma H$m Ë`mJ Amdí`H$ h¡ Ÿ& {dZ` gmYH$

86

H$s {ddoH$Xem H$s dmUr h¡ Ÿ& {dZ` AÜ`mË_ H$s gdm}ƒ D±$MmB© h¡ Ÿ& n{ÌH$m H$m AW© h¡ gm_mÝ` OrdZ_| nÌ boIZ ; ì`{º$JV gwI Xw:I, g§H$Q>, Hw$eb, jmo Am{X Ÿ& gm{hË` _| XyV m Xy{V Ho$ Ûmam Jwág§Xoe nÌ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ào{fV H$aZo H$s n[anmQ>r {_bVr h¡ Ÿ& gya r nÌ boIZ Ûmam AmË_H$Ï` {Zdo{XVH$aZo H$s MMm© H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& `hm± n{ÌH$m VwbgrXmg H$m AmË_boIZ h¡ Ÿ& dh Bg n{ÌH$m Ho$ _mÜ`_ goAnZr {ZOr nr‹S>m VWm AmË_H$Ï` H$mo lram_ VH$ nh±þMmZm MmhVo h¢ Ÿ& n{ÌH$m Bg{bE {bIr JB© h¡ {H$Ord H$s AqH$MZVm B©ída H$s Ho$db H¥$nm H$Q>mj go, EH$ ~ma XoI boZo _mÌ go Xya hmo OmEJr Ÿ& OrdH$mo {d`moJ, AnZr VwÀN>Vm VWm AqH$MZVm go _wº$ H$aHo$ AnZmE OmZo H$s H$m_Zm hr Bg n{ÌH$m H$mCng§hma h¡ Ÿ& CZH$s H¥$nmÑ{ï> _mÌ go Ord H$m CÕma Am¡a H$ë`mU {ZpíMV h¡ Ÿ& Ord Ho$ à{V ~«÷ H$mjUâ Ho$ {bE AmË_r`Vm âm Ñ{ï>nmV H$aZm hr Bg n{ÌH$m H$m _yb CÔoí` h¡ Ÿ&

2.3 {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| dñVw {dYmZ : {dZ` n{ÌH$m Vwbgr H$s gdm©{YH$ àm¡‹T> aMZm h¡ Ÿ& S>m°. _mVmàgmX Jwá Ho$ AZwgma -

""_mZg `{X CZH$s gmYZm H$m AmXe© ê$n àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Vmo {dZ` n{ÌH$m CZ AmXem] H$s AnZoOrdZ _| ñWmnZm Ÿ&'' AmMm`m] Zo {dZ` n{ÌH$m H$mo lram_M[aV _mZg H$m gmYZm ê$n ñdrH$ma {H$`mh¡ Ÿ& Bg_| ñdmZw d H$s àm_m{UH$Vm, C{º$`m| Ed§ H$WZm| H$s àm¡‹T>Vm naånam Ho$ _mÜ`_ go AnZo g¥OZH$mo Omo‹S>H$a Vwbgr {dZ` n{ÌH$m Ho$ {Og aMZm ê$n H$mo àñVwV H$aVo h¢ Ÿ dh {hÝXr gm{hË` H$s loð>{Z{Y {gÕ hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& Bg H¥${V H$s VwbZm am_M[aV _mZg go hr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ& h H¥${V Hw$N> joÌm|_| _mZg go ^r ~‹T>H$a h¡ Ÿ& _mZg _| EH$ {Z{X©ï> H$Wm {dYmZ h¡ ; {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| H$moB© {Z{X©ï> H$Wm{dYmZ Zht h¡ Ÿ& {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| H$B© ñVmoÌ h¢ {OZ_| XodVmAm| Ho$ ñdê$n H$m JwU H$WZ h¡ Ÿ& o ñVmoÌd¡îUd, e¡d Am¡a e{º$ g^r gm{hË` _| {_bVo h¢ ; do CZHo$ JwU H$WZ Ûmam CÝh| àgÞ H$aHo$ AnZoA^rï> H$s `mMZm H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& bo{H$Z CZH$s {Zð>m O¡gr lram_ _| h¡ d¡gr Z gy © _| h¡, Z JUoe _| h¡, ZJm¡ar _|, Z ~«÷m _|, Z {dîUw _| Am¡a Z {ed _ h¡| Ÿ& CZH$s {º$ {Zð>m {g\©$ lram_ _| h¡ Ÿ& do namËna Ed§{Za§OZ ~«÷ h¢ Ÿ& CZHo$ ñVmoÌ CXma d¡îUdr AmñWm Ho$ àVrH$ h¢ Ÿ&

{dZ` n{ÌH$m _| AmÜ`mpË_H$ AZw d H$s {Xì`Vm h¡ Ÿ& {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| dñVw{dÝ`mg H$mXwhamnZ {XImB© n‹S>Vm h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ dñVw {dÝ`mg _| {d{eï> Û¡V Ho$ àn{ÎmdmX H$m g§emo{YV ñdê$n {XImB©XoVm h¡ Ÿ& Ord Ho$ à{V B©ída H$s Ah¡VwH$s H¥$nm hr CgH$s _yb AdYmaUm h¡ Ÿ& ^º$ H$_©H$m§S>, kmZ,CnmgZm, `moJ Am{X Ho$ Ûmam AmamÜ` H$s H¥$nm nmÌ ~ZVm h¡ Ÿ& BZ g^r Ho$ _yb _| ^{º$ H$m hmoZmA{Zdm`© h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m dñVw{dYmZ H$WmË_H$ Z hmoH$a ^mdmË_H$ h¡ Ÿ& {dZ` n{ÌH$m Ho$ A§{V_ nXm| _|Vwbgr Zo Ord Am¡a ~«÷ Ho$ nmañn[aH$ g§~§Y H$mo ì`º$ H$aZo H$r H$mo{ee H$s h¡ Ÿ& o nX Vwbgr H$s Jy‹T>AmÜ`mpË_H$ gmYZm Ed§ {º$ H$s ahñ`_`r g¥{ï> go AmoVàmoV h§¡ Ÿ&

87

{dZ` n{ÌH$m H$m ^mdmË_H$ dmVmdaU lram_M[aV _mZg go {^Þ h¡ Am¡a n[añH¥$V ^r Ÿ&Bg_| EH$ mdmË_H$ n[adoe H$s g¥{ï> H$s JB© h¡ {Og_| {º$ H$s Ymam ñdV: àdm{hV h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| AOòH$éUm, JhZ X¡Ý`, AmdoJnyU© g_n©U VWm eaUmJV Ho$ à{V à{V~ÕVm Ho$ ^md gd©Ì {XImB© n‹S>Voh¢ & {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| AmÜ`mpË_H$ AmñdmXZ H$s Omo n[apñW{V {M{ÌV h¡ dh EoH$mpÝVH$ hmoVo hþE ^raMZm Ho$ ñVa na gmd©OZrZ h¡ Ÿ& H${d H$hVo h¢ -

AmIa AaW _§Ow _¥Xw _moXH$ am_ ào_ n{J nm{J h¢ Ÿ&

* * *

am_ àgmX Xmg Vwbgr am_ ^J{V OmoJ Om{J h¡ Ÿ&

lram_ {º$`moJ H$s VÝ_`mdñWm H$m dmVmdaU g¥OZ {dZ` n{ÌH$m H$m bú` h¡ Ÿ&

`h g§gma àËòH$ m±{V Zída Am¡a VÎdhrZ h¡ Ÿ& Bg{bE g~H$mo {_Ï`m Am^mg ê$n g_PH$a EH$_mÌ B©ída H$s eaU _| Am {JaVm h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr H$hVo h¢ -

na_ H${R>Z d H$mb J«{gV h¢ Ÿ& Ì{gV `mo `^mar Ÿ&

MmhV A^` |H$ gaZmJV IJn{V ZmW {dgmar Ÿ&

àËòH$ _Zwî` Bg g§gma _| AHo$bonZ Am¡a nr‹S>m H$m AZw d H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& N>Q>nQ>mVo Šbm§Vì`{º$ Ûmam CËnÞ {H$`m OmVm hþAm emoH$ {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| gd©Ì {_b OmVm h¡ Ÿ& {dZ` n{ÌH$m g§nyU©Ord H$s ~«÷ gÎmm go VmXmËå`H$aU H$s AZÝ` {Zð>m âr JmWm h¡ Ÿ&

^{º$ ag Ho$ A{V[aº$ "{dZ` n{ÌH$m' _| em§Vag àYmZ h¡ Ÿ& ^{º$ H$s Anojm Vwbgr Zo AmË_qMVZna ^r ~b {X`m h¡ do H$hVo h¢ -

aKwn{V J{V H$aV H${R>ZmB© Ÿ&

H$hV gwJ_, H$aZr Anma, OmZ¡ gmoB Oo{h ~{Z AmB© Ÿ&&

* * *

gmoH$-_moh-^`-haf-{Xdg-{Z{g Xog-H$mb Vh± Zmht Ÿ&&

({d.à. -n¥. 167)

BZHo$ A{V[aº$ {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| AÝ` agm| H$m A^md h¡ Ÿ& "am_' go$ {d_wI hmoZo dmbm| H$s^Ëg©Zm ^r H$s JB© h¡ Ÿ& Hw$N> nXm| _| CZHo$ AmamÜ` na_ X`mbw h¢ Ÿ& CZHo$ H$mì` _| ^{º$ Ho$ Amb§~Zam_ h¢ Ÿ& do H$hVo h¢ -

Xod, Xygamo H$m¡Z XrZ H$mo X`mbw Ÿ&

grb {ZYmZ gwOmZ {gamo_{Z, gaZmJV {à` àZVnmbw Ÿ&&

88

H$mo g_aW gd©k gH$b à^w, {gd-gZoh -_mZg- _ambw Ÿ&

H$mo gm{h~ {H$ò _rV àr{V~g IJ, {Z{gMa H${n rb mbw Ÿ&&

({d.n. - n¥. -154)

am_ Zm_ H$mo _hËd XoVo hþE CÝhm|Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ `hr ^d g§gma go CÕmaH$ h§¡ -

H${b Zm_ H$m_Vé am_ H$mo Ÿ&

Xb{Zhma Xm[aX Tw>H$mb XwI, Xmof Kmoa YZ Ym_ H$mo Ÿ&&

({d. n. -n¥.-156)

Bg Vah Ho$ AZoH$ CXmhaU {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| {_b OmVo h¢ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo AnZo nXm| _| OmoX¡Ý`^md {XIm`m h¡ h JdmZ H$mo X`m -Ð{dV H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr _| XrZ^md Ma_ gr_m na h¡ Ÿ& EH$nX _| do `h ^md ì`º$ H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¢ -

Vw_ g_ XrZ~§Yw Z H$moC, _mo g_ gwZhþ Z¥n{V aKwamB© Ÿ&

gmo __ Hw${Q>b-_m¡{b_{Z Zqh OJ, Vw_ g_ h[aZ haZ Hw${Q>bmB© Ÿ&&

hm¢ _Z ~MZ H$a_ nmVH$-aV, Vw_ H¥$>nmbw n{VVZ J{VXmB© Ÿ&

hm¢ AZmW à^w, Vw_ AZmW-{hV, {MV h gwa{V H$~hþ± Zqh OmB© Ÿ&&

({d. n.-n¥. -242)

2.7 H$bm nj :"{dZ` n{ÌH$m' H$m H$bm nj àm¡‹T>, àm§Ob Ed§ _m{O©V h¡ Ÿ& AË`§V CƒH$mo{Q> Ho$ eãX -

^§S>ma go g_¥Õ h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s ^mfm g§ñH¥$V J{^©V, gm_m{gH$ nXmdbr go _wº$ h¡ VWm Bg_| pŠbï>V_^mfm r {_bVr h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo grYr-gmXr ì`mdhm[aH$m g§ñH¥$V{Zð> mfm H$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

gabV_ nX H$m EH$ CXmhaU àñVwV h¡ :

""Eogo am_ XrZ-{hVH$mar Ÿ&

A{V H$mo_b H$éZm {ZYmZ {~ZwH$maZ na-CnH$mar Ÿ&& ({d.n.- n¥.- 166)

Vwbgr H$s mfm mdmZwê${nUr h¡ Ÿ& ñVmoÌm| VWm XodVmAm| Ho$ _{h_m -JmZ H$s mfm g§ñH¥$VJ{^©V h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr H$m ^JdmZ Ho$ à{V AmdoXZ AË`§V amOH$s` -AmdoXZ -nÌ e¡br _| hþAm h¡ Ÿ&Bg_| \$magr Ho$ eãXm| H$m ^r à`moJ hþAm h¡ Ÿ& O¡go - Jwbm_, _hb, gm¡Xm, gm{h~, bm`H$, gagAm{X eãX Ÿ& Vwbgr H$s EH$ {deofVm h ahr h¡ {H$ g_gm_{`H$ àM{bV mfmAm| go CÝhm|Zo eãXm| H$moAmhaU {H$`m Am¡a g\$bVm Ho$ gmW AnZr aMZmAm| _| CgH$m à`moJ ^r {H$`m Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo bmoH$mo{º$

89

Am¡a _whmdam| H$m ^r Aml` {b`m h¡ Ÿ& O¡go "Zqh Hw§$Oamo Zamo' "Jm‹S>r Ho$ ñdmZ H$s Zmht' Am{XbmoH$mo{º$`m| VWm gVa§O H$m¡ gm¡ amO, noQ> I`mbmo, bmoMZ O{Z\o$amo, Am{X _whmdam| Ho$ à`moJ Ðï>ì`h¡ Ÿ& BZH$s ^mfm gd©Ì àgmX JwU^wº$ h¡ Ÿ& Hw$N> nX _mYw © JwU go `wº$ h¡ Ÿ& {ed-hZw_mZ Am{X H$sñVw{V BgH$m CXmhaU h¡ -

""O`{V _éX§OZm_moX -_§{Xa-ZVJ«rd, XwI¡H$ -~ÝYmo Ÿ& ({d.n. -n¥.-27)

2.8 Ab§H$ma :Vwbgr Zo àm`: eãXmb§H$ma Am¡a AWm©b§H$ma XmoZm| H$m Aml` {b`m h¡ Ÿ& AZwàmg, `_H$,

ê$nH$, CËàojm, AWm©ÝVaÝ`mg, Vwë``mo{JVm, {df_, ã`mOñVw{V Am{X Ab§H$mam| H$m gwÝXa à`moJ{H$`m h¡ Ÿ& {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| H$B© OJh Ab§H$ma ñdV: ñ\y$V© àVrV hmoVo h¢ Ÿ&

aMZm e¡br Ed§ N>§X{dYmZ H$s Ñ{ï> go XoIm Om` Vmo {dZ` n{ÌH$m EH$ g\$b mdnyU© H$mì`h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| Vwbgr H$s A{^ì`{º$ AmË_àYmZ h¡ Ÿ& A{YH$m§e nX CZHo$ AmdoJjUm| _| a{MV h§¡ Ÿ&àËòH$ nX _| bJVm h¡ {H$ EH$ hr ^md Ho$pÝÐV h¡ ^mdm| H$s JhZVm Ho$ H$maU H$B© OJh g§{jáVm ^rh¡ Ÿ& {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| bJ^J 21 amJm| H$m à`moJ hþAm h¡ Ÿ& O¡go YZmlr, dgÝV, _mé, ^¡ad, gma§J,Jm¡ar, Ho$Xma, b{bV _bma, gmoaR>, H$ë`mU Am{X Ÿ& Bggo CZH$s ^mfm _| bm{bË` h¡ Am¡a _mYw ©^r Ÿ& BZH$s AÝV_w©IVm ì`{º$ Ho$pÝÐH$ hmoVo hþE r bmoH$monH$m[aUr VWm AË §V _Zmohm[aUr h¡ Ÿ& _mZgH$s Vah nmR>H$m| _| {dZ` n{ÌH$m H$m ^r ~hþV AmXa h¡ Ÿ& BgH$s nXmd{b`m± A{YH$m§e Jo hmoZo Ho$H$maU AË`§V AmË_VmofH$m[aUr h¢ Ÿ& mfm, md, N>§X VWm b` H$s Ñ{ï> go h {º$ ag H$s gdm}ËH¥$ï>H¥${V ~Z n‹S>r h¡ Bg_| H$moB© g§Xoh Zht h¡ Ÿ&

90

{dZ` n{ÌH$m(_yb nmR>)

lrJUoe ñVw{V :

JmBE JZn{V OJ~§XZ Ÿ& g§H$a-gw~Z dmZrZÝXZ Ÿ&&

{g{ÕgXZ JO~XZ {~Zm`H$ Ÿ& H¥$nm{gÝYw gwÝXa g~ bm`H$ Ÿ&&

_moXH${à` _wX-_§Jb-XmVm Ÿ& {dÚmdm[a{Y ~w{Õ -{dYmVm Ÿ&&

_m§JV Vwb{gXmg H$a Omoao Ÿ& dgqh am_{g` _mZg _moao Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

XrZX`mbw {XdmH$a Xodm Ÿ& H$a _w{Z _ZwO gwamgwa godm Ÿ&&

{h_-VH$-H$[a-Ho$h[a H$a_mbr Ÿ& XhZ Xmof-XwI-Xw[aV-éOmbr Ÿ&&

H$moH$-H$moH$ZX-bmoH$ -àH$mgr Ÿ& VoO-àVmn-ê$n-ag -amgr Ÿ&&

gma{W n§Jw, {Xì` aW-Jm_r Ÿ& h[a-g§H$a-{~{Y-_ya{V ñdm_r Ÿ&&

~oX nwamZ àJQ> Og OmJ¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr am_-^J{V da _m±J¡ Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

H$mo Om±{ME g§ w V{O AmZ ?

XrZX`mbw JV-Ama{Vha g~ àH$ma g_aW JdmZ Ÿ&&

H$mbHy$Q>-Owa OaV gwamgwa, {ZO nZ bm{J {H$`mo {dfnmZ Ÿ&

XméZ XZwO OJV XwIXm`H$ Oma² mo {Ìnwa EH$ hr ~mZ Ÿ&&

Omo J{V AJ_ _hm_w{Z Xwb© H$hV g§V ów{V gH$b nwamZ Ÿ&

gmoB© J{V _aZ-H$mb AnZo nwa XoV gXm{gd gdqh g_mZ Ÿ&&

go~V gwb^ CXma H$bnVé nma~Vr-n{V na_ gwOmZ Ÿ&

Xohþ H$m_[anw am_MaZ-a{V, Vwb{gXmg H$h± H¥$nm{ZYmZ Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

91

amJ YZmlr

XmZr H$h±þ g§H$a g~ Zmht Ÿ&

XrZX`mbw {X~moB© md¡ OmMH$ gXm gmohmht Ÿ&&

_m[a H¡$ _ma Wm`mo OJ _| OmH$s, àW_ aoI ^Q> _mht Ÿ&

Vm R>mHw$a H$mo ar{P {Zdm{O~mo H$ømo Š`m| naV _mo nmht ? Ÿ&&

OmoJ H$mo{Q> H$[a Omo J{V h[a gm| _w{Z _m§JV gHw$Mmht Ÿ&

~oX{d{XV Vo{h nX nwam[a-nwa H$sQ> nV§J g_mht Ÿ&&

B©g CXma C_mn{V n[ah[a AZV Oo Om§MZ Omht Ÿ&

Vwb{gXmg Vo _y‹T> _m§JZo H$~hþ± Z noQ> AKmht Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

dmdamo amdamo Zmh, dmZr ?

Xm{Z ~‹S>mo {XZ, XoV XE {~Zw, ~oX-~‹S>mB© mZr Ÿ&&

{ZO Ka H$s KadmV {dbmoH$hþ, hmo Vw_ na_ g`mZr Ÿ&

{gd H$s XB© g§nXm XoIV lr-gmaXm {ghmZr Ÿ&&

{OZHo$ mb {bIr {b{n _oar gwI H$s Zht {ZgmZr Ÿ&

{VZ a§H$Z H$mo ZmH$ g§dmaV, hm¢ Am`mo ZH$dmZr Ÿ&Ÿ&

XwI XrZVm XwIr BZHo$ XwI, OmMH$Vm AHw$bmZr Ÿ&

`h A{YH$ma gm|{nE Am¡aqh, rI br _¢ OmZr Ÿ&&

ào_-àg§gm-{dZ`-ì`§J-OwV gw{Z {d{Y H$s da ~mZr Ÿ&

Vwbgr _w{XV _hog, _Zqh _Z OJV_mVw _wgwH$mZr Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

amJ am_H$br

Om±{ME {J[aOm H$mgr Ÿ& Omgw dZ A{Z_m{XH$ Xmgr Ÿ&&

Am¡‹T>a-Xm{Z ÐdV nw{Z Wmoao Ÿ& gH$V Z Xo{I XrZ H$a Omoao Ÿ&&

gwI g§n{V _{V gwJ{V gwhmB© Ÿ& gH$b gwb^ g§H$a godH$mB© Ÿ&&

JE Oo gaZ Ama{V-Ho$ brÝho Ÿ& {Za{I {Zhmb {Z{_f _h± nmd¡ Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&

92

H$g Z XrZ na Ðdhþ, C_mda Ÿ& XméZ -{~n{V-haZ, H$éZmH$a Ÿ&

~oX-nwamZ H$hV CXma ha Ÿ& h_[a ~oa H$g ^`mo H¥${nZVa Ÿ&&

H$dZr J{V H$sÝht JwZ{Z{Y {ÛO Ÿ& ¡ àgÞ XrÝhoC {gd nX {ZO Ÿ&&

Omo J{V AJ_ _hm_w{Z Jmdqh Ÿ& Vd nwa H$sQ> nV§Jhþ nmdqh Ÿ&&

Xohþ H$m_[anw ! am_MaZ -a{V Ÿ& VwbgrXmg à^w hahþ oX-_{V Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

Xod ~‹S>o, XmVm ~‹S>o, g§H$a ~‹S>o ^moao Ÿ&

{H$E Xya XwI g~{Z Ho$ {OZ {OZ H$a Omoao Ÿ&&

godm gw{_aZ ny{O~mo, nmV AmIV Kmoao Ÿ&

{X`mo OJV Oh± b{J g~¡ gwI JO aW Kmoao Ÿ&&

Jm±d ~gV, ~m_Xod, _¢ H$~h±ÿ Z {Zhmoao Ÿ&

A{Y^m¡{VH$ ~mYm B©, V| qH$H$a Vmoao Ÿ&&

~o{J ~mo{b ~{b, da{OE H$aVy{V H$R>moao Ÿ&

Vwbgr X{b é§Ü`mo Mh¢ gR> gm{I {ghmoao Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

{gd, {gd ! hmoB àgÞ H$é Xm`m Ÿ&

H$éZm_`, CXma-H$sa{V, ~{b OmC± Ÿ! hahþ {ZO _m`m Ÿ&&

ObO-Z`Z, JwZ-A`Z, _`Z-[anw, _{h_m OmZ Z H$moB© Ÿ&

{~Z Vd H¥$nm am_nX-n§H$O gnZohþ± J{V Z hmoB© Ÿ&&

F${Y {gÕ _w{Z _ZwO XZwO gwa Ana Ord OJ _mht Ÿ&

Vd-nX {~_wI Z nmam nmd H$moC H$bn H$mo{Q> M{b Omht Ÿ&&

A{h yfZ, XyfZ-[anw-godH$, Xod-Xod, {Ìnwamar Ÿ&

_moh-{Zhma-{XdmH$a, g§H$a, gaZ -gmoH$ -^`hmar Ÿ&&

{J[aOm -_Z-_mZg-_amb, H$mgrg, _gmZ -{Zdmg Ÿ&

Vwb{gXmg h[aMaZ-H$_b, ha ! Xohþ J{V A{~Zmgr Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&

93

amJ YZmlrXod ! _moh-V_-Va{U, ha, éÐ, e§H$a,eaU,

haU -^èmoH$, bmoH$m{âm_ Ÿ&

~mbe{e-^mb, gw{demb bmoMZ-H$_b,

H$m_ - eQ>H$mo{Q> - bmdÊ`Ym_ Ÿ&&

H§$~w, Hw§$X|Xw-H$ny©a -{dJ«h é{Ma,

VéU-a{d-H$mo{Q> VZw VoO «mO¡ Ÿ&

^ñ_ gdmªJ AÕmªJ e¡bmË_Om,

ã`mb-Z¥H$nmb-_mbm {~amO¡ Ÿ&&

_m¡{b g§Hw$b-OQ>m_wHw$Q> -{dÚwÀN>Q>m,

V{Q>{Z ~a ~m[a h[a-MaU -nyV§ Ÿ&

ldU Hw§$S>b, JabH§$R>, H$éUmH§$X,

g{ƒXmZÝX ~§Xo@dYyV§ Ÿ&&

eyb-gm`H$-{nZmH$m{g-H$a eÌwdZ-

XhZ Bd Yy_ÜdO d¥f^-`mZ§ Ÿ&

ì`mY«-JO-Må_© n[aYmZ, {dkmZ-KZ,

{gÕ-gwa-_w{Z-_ZwO-goì`_mZ§ Ÿ&&

Vm§S>{dV-Z¥Ë`-na, S>_é {S>_{S>_-àda,

Aew Bd m{V H$ë`mUamer Ÿ&

_hmH$ënm§V ~«÷m§S>-_§S>b -XdZ,

^dZ H¡$bmg, AmgrZ H$mer Ÿ&&

Vk, gd©k, koe, AÀ`wV, {d^mo,

{díd dX§eg§ d, nwamar Ÿ&

~«÷|Ð-M§ÐmH©$-déUmp½Z-dgw-_éV-`_,

A{M© dX§{K« gìdm©{YH$mar Ÿ&&

AH$b {Zénm{Y, {ZJw©U, {Za§OZ, ~«÷,

H$_©-nW_oH$_O{Z{d©H$ma§ Ÿ&

94

A{Ib {dJ«h, CJ«ê$n {ed yngwa,

gd©JV, ed©, gdm}nH$ma§ Ÿ&&

kmZ, d¡am½`, YZ, Y_©, H¡$dë` gwI,

gw J gm¡ m½` {ed gmZwHy$b§ Ÿ&

VX{n Za _y‹T> Amê$‹T> g§gma-nW

^«_V d {d_wI-Vd-nmX_yb§ Ÿ&&

Zï>_{V Xwï> A{V, H$ï>-aV, IoXJV

XmgVwbgr e§ w eaU Am`m Ÿ&

Xo{h H$m_m[a lram_-nX-n§H$Oo

^{º$_ZdaV JV- oX-_m`m Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&

^rfUmH$ma ¡ad §H$a, yV-àoV-à_Wm{Yn{V {dn{V-hÎmm© Ÿ&

H$moh-_yfH$-_mOm©a, g§gma-^`-haU, VmaUVaU H$aU H$Îmm© Ÿ&&

AVwb ~b {dnwb {dñVma {dJ«h Jm¡a, A_b A{V Ydb YaUrYam^§ Ÿ&

{ea{g g§Hw${bV H$b Hy$Q> qnJb OQ>m-nQ>b eVH$mo{Q>{dÚwÀN>Q>m^§ Ÿ&&

^«mO {~~wYmnJm-Amn nmdZ na_, _m¡{b_mbod emo m{d{MÌ§ Ÿ&

b{bV bëbmQ> na amO aOZre H$b, H$bmYa, Zm¡{_ ha YZX-{_Ì§ Ÿ&&

B§Xw-nmdH$-^mZw-Z`Z, _X©Z_`Z, kmZJwU-A`Z, {dkmZê$n§ Ÿ&

a_U {J[aOm, dZ, yYam{Yn gXm, ldUHw§$S>b, dXZ-N>{d AZyn§ Ÿ&&

M_©-A{g -eyb-Ya S>_ê$-ea-Mmn-H$a, mZ d¥fôe, H$éUm{ZYmZ§ Ÿ&

OaV gwa Agwa ZabmoH$ emoH$mHw$b§ _¥Xwb{MV A{OV H¥$V JabnmZ§ Ÿ&&

^ñ_VZw yfU§, ì`mK«Må_m©å~a§, CaJ-Za_m¡{b-Ca_mbYmar Ÿ&

S>m{H$Zr-em{H$Zr-IoMa§-^yMa§ §Ì_§Ì- §OZ, à~b H$ë_fmar Ÿ&&

H$mb A{VH$mb, H${bH$mb-ì`mbm{X-IJ, {Ìnwa_X©Z r_-H$_© mar Ÿ&

gH$b-bmoH$m§V -H$ënm§VeybmJ«H¥$V {X½JOmì`º$-JwU Z¥Ë`H$mar Ÿ&&

nmn g§Vmn KZKmoa g§g¥{V XrZ «_V OJ`mo{Z Zqh H$mo{n ÌmVm Ÿ&

nm{h ¡adê$n am_ê$nr éÐ, ~§Yw Jwé OZH$ OZZr {dYmVm Ÿ&&

95

`ñ` JwUJU JZ{V {d_b_{V emaXm {ZJ_ ZmaX à_wI ~«÷Mmar Ÿ&

eof gd}e AmgrZ AmZÝXdZ, àUV VwbgrXmg Ìmghmar Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&

gXm e§H$a§, e§àX§, g‚mZmZÝXX§, e¡bH$Ý`mda§, na_ aå`§ Ÿ&

H$m__X_moMZ§, Vm_ag-bmoMZ§ dm_Xod§ Oo mdJå`§ Ÿ&&

H§$~w-Hw§$X|Xw -H$ny©aJm¡a§, {ed§, gwÝXa§, g{ƒXmZÝXH§$X§ Ÿ&

{gÕ-gZH$m{X-`moJrÐ-d¥ÝXmaH$m-{dîUw-{d{Y-d¡Ú MaUma{dX§ Ÿ&&

~«÷Hw$bdëb^§, gwb^_{VXwb© §, {dH$Q>dof§, {d^w§, doXnma§ Ÿ&

Zm¡{_ H$éUmH$a§, JabJ§JmYa§, {Z_©b§, {ZJw©U§, {Z{d©H$ma§ Ÿ&&

bmoH$ZmW§, emoH$eyb{Z_y©{bZ§ ey{bZ§ _mohV_-^y{a-^mZw§ Ÿ&

H$mbH$mb§, H$bmVrV_Oa§ ha§, H${R>Z-H${bH$mb-H$mZZ-H¥$emZw§ Ÿ&&

Vk_kmZnmWmo{Y -KQ>gå^d§, gd©J§, gd©gm¡ m½`-_yb§ Ÿ&

àMwa-^d-^§OZ§, àUV-OZ-a§OZ§, XmgVwbgr eaU gmZwHy$b§ Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&

amJ dg§V

go~hþ {gdMaU-gamoO-aoZw Ÿ& H$ë`mZ-A{IbàX H$m_YoZw Ÿ&&

H$ny©aJm¡a, H$éZmCXma Ÿ& g§gma -gma wOJ|Ðhma Ÿ&&

gwI-OZ_-^y{_ _{h_m Anma Ÿ& {ZJw©Z, JZZm`H$, {ZamH$ma Ÿ&&

Ì`Z`Z, _`Z-_X©Z, _hog Ÿ& Ah§H$ma -{Zhma-C{XV -{XZog Ÿ&&

~a ~mb-{ZgmH$a, _mo{b «mO Ÿ& Ì¡bmoŠ`-gmoH$ha, à_WamO Ÿ&&

{OZ H$h± {d{Y gwJ{V Z {bIr ^mb Ÿ& {VZH$s J{V H$mgrn{V H¥$nmb Ÿ&&

CnH$mar H$mo@na ha g_mZ ? gwa Agwa OaV H¥$V JabnmZ Ÿ&&

~hþ H$ën Cnm` H$[a` AZoH$ Ÿ& {~Zw g§ w H¥$nm Zmqh d-{ddoH$ Ÿ&&

{dkmZ-^dZ, {J[agyVm-a_Z Ÿ& H$h Vwb{gXmg __ Ìmg-g_Z Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&

XoImo XoImo dZ ~Ý`m| AmOw C_mH§$V Ÿ& _Zmo XoIZ Vw_qh AmB© [aVw ~g§V Ÿ&&

OZw VZwXw{V M§nH$ -Hw$gw_-_mbŸ& gyMV H${Q> Ho$h[a, J{V _amb Ÿ&&

96

H$b H$X{b O§K, nX H$_b bmb Ÿ& gyMV {Q> oh[a, J{V _amb Ÿ&&

^yfZ àgyZ ~hþ {~{~Y a§J Ÿ& Zynwa qH${H${Z H$bad -{~h§J Ÿ&&

H$a Zdb ~Hw$b-nëbd agmb Ÿ& lr\$b Hw$M, H§$Mw{H$ bVmOmb Ÿ&&

AmZZ gamoO, H$M _Ywnnw§O Ÿ& bmoMZ {~gmb Zd ZrbH§$O Ÿ&&

{nH$-~MZ, M[aV ~a ~a{h H$sa Ÿ& {gV gw_Z hmg, brbm g_ra Ÿ&&

H$h Vwb{gXmg gwZw {gd gwOmZ Ÿ& Ca ~{g àn§M aM¡ n§M~mZ Ÿ&&

H$[a H¥$nm h[a` «_-\§$XH$m_ Ÿ& Oo{h öX` ~gqh gwIam{g am_ Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&

amJ _mê$

Xwgh-Xmof-XwI-Xb{Z H$é Xo{d ! Xm`m !

{~ñd_ybm{g, OZ-gmZwHy$bm{g, H$a-gybYm[a{Z _hm_yb _m`m Ÿ&&

V{‹S>VJ^mªJ gdmªJ gwÝXa bgV, {Xì` nQ>, ^ì` ^yfZ {~amO¡ Ÿ&

~mb_¥J_§Ow-I§OZ-{~bmoM{Z, M§Ð~X{Z, b{I H$mo{Q> a{V_ma bmO¡ Ÿ&&

ê$n-gwI-erb-gr_m{g r_m{X am_m{g dm_m{g ~a ~w{Õ ~mZr Ÿ&

N>_wI-hoa§~-Aå~m{g OJXpå~Ho$ ! e§ wOm`m{g O` O` dmZr Ÿ&&

M§S>-^wOX§S>-I§S>{Z {~h§S>{Z, _{hf_X-^§J H$[a A§J Vmoao Ÿ&

gwå^ {Z:gwå^Hw$å^rg aZHo$g[a{Z, H«$moY~m[a{Y ~¡[a A[ad¥§X ~moao Ÿ&&

{ZJ_-AmJ_-AJ_, Jw{d© Vd JwZH$WZ C{~©Ya H$aV Oo{h ghg Orhm Ÿ&

Xo{h _m ! _mo{h nZ-ào_, h Zo_ {ZO am_ KZí`m_, Vwbgr nnrhm Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&

amJ am_H$br

O` O` OJOZ{Z, Xo{d, gwa-Za-_w{Z-Agwa-go{d,

^{º$ -_w{º$-Xm{`Zr, `ha{Z, H$m{bH$m Ÿ&

_§Jb-_wX-{g{ÕgX{Z, nd©gd©are -~X{Z,

Vmn-{V{_a-VéZVa{Z -{H$aZ_m{bH$m Ÿ&&

~_©Må_©H$a H¥$nmZ, gyb-Xob-YZwf-~mZ-

Ya{Z, Xb{Z XmZ~Xb, aZ-H$am{bH$m Ÿ&

97

nyVZm- {ngmM- àoV- S>m{H${Z -gm{H${Z- g_oV,

^yV J«h ~oVmb IJ _¥Jm{b-Om{bH$m Ÿ&&

O~ _hog^m{_Zr, AZoH$ê$n -Zm{_Zr,

g_ñV bmoH$ñdm{_Zr, {h_g¡b~m{bH$m Ÿ&

aKwn{V-nX na_ ào_ Vwbgr `h AMb Zo_,

Xo{h ¡ àgÞ nm{h àZVnm{bH$m ! Ÿ&&16Ÿ&&

O` O` JraWZ§{XZr, _w{ZM`-MH$moaM§{XZr,

Za-ZmJ-{~~wY-~§{XZr, O` O•þ-~m{bH$m Ÿ&

{~îZwnXgamoOm{X, B©g-grg na {Z^m{g,

{ÌnWJm{g, nwÝàm{g, nmn-N>m{bH$m Ÿ&&

{d_b-{~nwb ~h{g dm[a, grVb Ì`Vmnhm[a,

^§da da, {~^§JVa, Va§J_m{bH$m Ÿ&

nwaOZ-nyOmonhma, gmo{^V g{g -Ydb Yma,

§O{Z-^d^ma, {º$-H$ën -Wm{bH$m Ÿ&&

{ZOVQ>~mgr {~h§J, Ob-Wb-Ma-ngw-nV§J,

H$sQ>, O{Q>b Vmng g~ g[ag nm{bH$m Ÿ&

Vwbgr V~ Vra Vra gw{_aV aKw~§g ~ra,

{dMaV, _{V Xo{h _moh-_{hf-H$m{bH$m Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&

amJ YZmlr

O`{V O` gwagar OJX{Ib-nmdZr Ÿ&

{~îZw-nXH§$O-_H$a§X- Bd A§~w ~a ~h{g, XwI Xh{g AK-~¥§X -{~Ðm{dZr Ÿ&&

{_{bV ObnmÌ-AO-`wº$-h[aMaZaO, {~aO, ~a~m[a-{Ìnwam[a {ga -Ym{_Zr Ÿ&&

O•þ-H$Ý`m YÝ`, nwÝ`H¥$V gJagwV, yYa-Ðmo{Z-{~Ôa{Z, ~hþZm{_Zr Ÿ&&

`jJ§Y~© _w{Z {H$ÞamoaJ XZwO _ZwO _‚mqh gwH¥$Vnw§O OwVH$m{_Zr Ÿ&

ñdJ©gmonmZ, {dkmZ-kmZàX ! _{h_XZ -nmWmoO- {h_Om{_Zr Ÿ&&

98

h[aV J§ ra ~mZra Xwhþ± ~a, _Ü` Ymam {~gX {~ñd -A{âm{_Zr Ÿ&

Zrb n`ªH$ H¥$V g_` gn}g OZw ghggrgmdbr ómoV gwañdm{_Zr Ÿ&&

A{_V_{h_m A{_Vê$n ynmdbr -_wHw$Q>_{Z-~§{XVo ! Ë`m¡bmoH$Jm{_Zr Ÿ&

Xo{h aKw~ra -nX -àr{V {Z ©a _mVw ! XmgVwbgr Ìmgha{Z d^m{_Zr Ÿ&&18Ÿ&&

amJ am_H$br

ha{Z nmn {Ì{~YVmn gw{_aV gwag[a Ÿ&

{~bg{V _{h H$ën~o{b _wX-_ZmoaW -\$[aV Ÿ&&

gmohV g{gYdb -Yma gwYm-g{bb -^[aV Ÿ&

{d_bVa Va§J bgV aKwda Ho$-go M[aV Ÿ&&

Vmo {~Zw OJX§~ J§J ! H${bOwJ H$m H$[aV ?

Kmoa d-Anma-qgYw Vwbgr {H${_ V[aV Ÿ&&19Ÿ&&

B©g-grg ~g{g, {ÌnW bg{g Z^ -nVmb-Ya{Z Ÿ&

gwa, Za, _w{Z, ZmJ, {gÕ, gwOZ _§Jb -H$a{Z Ÿ&&

XoIV XwI-Xmof-Xw[aV-Xmh-Xm[aÐ-Xa{Z Ÿ&

gJa-gwdZ-gm±g{V-g_{Z, Ob{Z{Y-Ob -â{Z Ÿ&Ÿ&

_{h_m H$s Ad{Y H$a{g, ~hþ {d{Y-h[a -ha{Z Ÿ&

Vwbgr H$é ~m{Z {d_b, {d_b -~a{Z - ~a{Z Ÿ&&20Ÿ&&

2.10 eãXmW© :nX-1. Z^n{V = {edOr Ho$ JUm| Ho$ ñdm_r Ÿ& gwdZ = nwÌ Ÿ& Xohbr XrnH$ Ý`m` go (AWm©V²

O¡go Xohbr na {X`m aIZo go rVa ~mha XmoZm| Amoa Mm§XZr hmo OmVr h¡ Eogo hr) {ed-nmd©Vr Ho$ nwÌ EogoAW© hþAm Zht Vmo gwdH$ Am¡a ZÝXZ O¡go eãX EH$mW©H$ hmoZo go nwZéº$ Xmof AmVm h¡) ZÝXZ = àgÞH$aZo dmbo Ÿ& gXZ = Ka Ÿ& dXZ =_wI Ÿ& dm[a{Y = g_wÐ Ÿ& Aï> {g{Õ = 1. A{U_m (N>moQ>m ê$nYaZm) Ÿ 2. _{h_m (~‹S>m ê$n YaZm) Ÿ 3. J[a_m (^mar hmoZm) 4. b{K_m (hbH$m hmo OmZm) 5. àm{á (Mmho Ohm± Mbo OmZm) 6. àmH$må` ( _ZMmhr dñVw àmá H$a boZm) 7. B©{eËd (à^wVmhmoZm) 8. d{eËd ({OgH$mo Mmho de _| H$a boZm Ÿ&

99

nX -2.: {XdmH$a =gy © Ÿ& {h_ = nmbm Ÿ& V_ = A±Yoam Ÿ& H$[a = hmWr Ÿ& Ho$g[a = qgh Ÿ&H$a_mbr = {H$aUm| H$s _mbm YmaU {H$ò Ÿ& XhZ = Ap½Z Ÿ& Xw[aV = nmn Ÿ& éO = amoJ Ÿ& Abr =n§{º$, H$Vma Ÿ& H$mH$ = MH$dm -MH$dr Ÿ& H$moH$ZX = H$_b Ÿ&

nX -4 :.nmaV = XwI Ÿ& H$mbHy$Q> = hbmhb {df Ÿ& XméZ = H${R>Z Ÿ& ñVw{V = doX Ÿ&CXma = XmZr Ÿ& na_ =~hþV Ÿ&

nX - 5 : amdamo = Vwåhmam Ÿ& Zmh = n{V Ÿ& lr = bú_r Ÿ& gmaXm = gañdVr Ÿ& {ghmZr =B©î`m© H$s Ÿ& ZmH$ = ñdJ© Ÿ& ì`§J = Omo grYo AW© h¡ Cgo N>mo‹S>H$a Hw$N> Am¡a hr Xygam ^md g_P n‹S>odhr ì`§J H$hbmVm h¡ Ÿ& hm± ^rVa H$m AW© g_PZm {H$ Vwåhmao n{V AÀN>m h¡ ~mdbm Zht h¡ BË`m{XAm¡a Bg_| ì`mOñVw{V Ab§H$ma h¡ Š`m|{H$ hm± {ZÝXm Ho$ ~hmZo ñVw{V H$s h¡ Ÿ&

nX -6.: Am¡‹T>a - Xm{Z = _Z_m¡Or Ÿ& ÐdV = H¥$nmbw hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& AmaV = XwIr Ÿ&

{Z{_f = nb Ÿ&

nX -7 : ôX_{V = Ord ~«÷ _| ôX _mZZm Ÿ& à^w = g_W© Ÿ& da = n{V Ÿ&

nX -8 : AmfV = Mmdb Ÿ& dm_Xod = {edOr A{Y^m¡{VH$ = eara H$s ~mYm Ÿ& (`hm±H$m_ H«$moYm{X go Ame` h¡) Ÿ& gm{I = d¥j Ÿ& ghmoam = yA‹T>, gohþ‹S>> Ÿ&

nX -9 : ObO = H$_b Ÿ& A`Z=Ka Ÿ& _`Z = H$m_Xod Ÿ& A{h = gn© Ÿ& Zrhma =~a\$, nmbm Ÿ& XZwO = X¡Ë` Ÿ&

nX -10 : Va{Z = gy © Ÿ& bmdÊ` = gwÝXaVm Ÿ& {dJ«h = eara Ÿ& Z¥ =_Zwî` Ÿ& H$nmb= _w§S> Ÿ& _m¡{b = {ea Ÿ& g§Hw$b =ì`má Ÿ& V{Q>Zr = ZXr (J§JmOr) Ÿ& nyV = n{dÌ Ÿ& òdZ = H$mZ Ÿ&Yy_ÜdO = Ap½Z Ÿ& mZ -gdmar Ÿ& n[aYmZ =dó Ÿ& KZ = nyU© m _oK Ÿ& àda = ~‹S>m gwÝXa Ÿ& AgrZ= ~¡R>o hþE Ÿ& A¿`© = nyOZ H$aHo$ Ÿ& {d^d = d¡ d Ÿ& H¡$dë` =_w{º$ Ÿ& AZdmV = AVb Ÿ&

nX -11: Am^§ =H$m{ÝV Ÿ& H$b = gwÝXa Ÿ& nQ>b = nm±{V Ÿ& aOZrg = am{Ì H$m ñdm_r Ÿ&H$bmYa = MÝÐ_m Ÿ& M_© = T>mb Ÿ& A{g = Vadma Ÿ& OmZ(nmZ) =gdmar Ÿ& IoMm = AmH$meMa Ÿ&g§g¥{V = g§gma Ÿ& IJ = Jé‹S> Ÿ& ^yMa = ^y{_Ma Ÿ& Aì`º$ = AàH$Q> Ÿ, à_wI Am{X &

nX -12 : g§ = H$ë`mU Ÿ& e¡bH$Ý`m = nd©V H$s nwÌr nmdVr Ÿ& da =n{V Ÿ& Vm_ag =H$_b Ÿ& H§$X = O‹S> Ÿ& BÝXw = MÝÐ_m Ÿ& d¥ÝXmaH$ = XodVm Ÿ& Aa{dÝX = H$_b Ÿ& ^y{Va = ~hþV Ÿ&AVrV = Xya, nao Ÿ& H$mZZ = dZ Ÿ& H¥$gmZw = Ap½Z Ÿ& n`mo{Y = g_wÐ Ÿ& KQ>g§ d = AJñË` Ÿ& àMwa= ~hþV Ÿ& gmZwHy$b = H¥$nmbw Ÿ&

nX -13 : A{Ib = g~ Ÿ& _`Z = H$m_ Ÿ& {Zhma = ~a\$, nmbm Ÿ& _m¡{b = {ga Ÿ&

100

nX -14 : H$b =gwÝXa Ÿ& gyMV = OVmVr h¡ Ÿ& Ho$h[a =qgh Ÿ& _amb = h±g Ÿ& ad =eãX Ÿ& agmb = Am_ Ÿ& H$M = ~mb Ÿ& H§$O = H$_b Ÿ& ~a{h = _moa Ÿ& n§MdmZ = H$m_Xod Ÿ&

nX -15 : _yb =O‹S> CËn{Îm ñWmZ Ÿ& A{g = hmo Ÿ& ì` =gwÝXa Ÿ& _ma = H$m_ Ÿ& N>_wI= ñdm{_ H$m{V©H$ Ÿ& hoa§~ =JUoe Ÿ& d¥§X = g_yh Ÿ& M§S>-gw§ -{Zgw§ = o g~ amjg Wo BZH$mo Xodr Zo_mam h¡ Ÿ& BZH$s H$Wm _mH©$ÊS>o ~wamU _| h¡ Ÿ& Jw{d© = ^mar Ÿ& C{~©Ya = eof ZmJ Ÿ& ghg Orhm =hOma Or^dmbm Ÿ&

nX -17 : M` = g_yh Ÿ& OhZw = EH$ F${f Ÿ&( OhZw F${f J§Jm VQ> na ahVo Wo Ÿ& EH$~ma J§JmOr Eogr M‹T>t {H$ F${f H$m Aml_ Sy>~ J`m Ÿ& `h XoI J§JmOr H$m nmZ H$a Jò Ÿ& na§Vw O~^JraWr Zo ~‹S>r {dZ` H$s V~ {\$a CÝh| àH$Q> H$a {X`m Ÿ& Bg {bE J§Jm O•þ H$s nwÌr H$hbmVr h¡ )Ÿ& {dnwb = ~hþV Ÿ& {d^§JVa = ~‹S>r M§Mb Ÿ& Wm{bH$m = Wm§_bm Ÿ& g[ag = ~am~a Ÿ&

nX -18 : A§~w = Ob Ÿ& d¥ÝX = g_yh Ÿ& AO = ~«÷m Ÿ& {daO = {Z_©b Ÿ& nmWoO -H$b Ÿ& Om{_Zr = am{Ì Ÿ& dmZra = ~|V Ÿ& òmoV = gmoVm Ÿ& {Z^©a = Jm‹T>r, ~hþV Ÿ& Ìmg = ` Ÿ& ~ ={ed Ÿ&

nX -19 : Vmo {~Zw = Vwåhmao {~Zm Ÿ& ^d - g§gma Ÿ&

nX -20 : Xwa{V nmn Ÿ& gm§g{V = `_ `mVZm Ÿ& Ad{Y = Ñ‹T>, _`m©Xm Ÿ&

2.11 g§X^© Ho$ gmW nXm| Ho$ H|$ÝÐr` :nX -1 : JUoe ñVdZ {Z{d©¿Z J«§W g_m{á - Ed§ _§Jb H$m_Zm Ho$ {bE h¡ Ÿ& `hm±

H${d UUoe Ho$ {d{dY g§X^m] H$m ñ_aU H$aVo hþE "am_-grVm' H$s AmË`pÝVH$ g{ÞH$Q>Vm H$s àm{áH$s `mMZm CZgo H$aVo h¡§ Ÿ&

nX -2 : Bg nX _| gy © H$s dÝXZm H$s JB© h¡ Ÿ& do am_ Ho$ nyd©nwéf Ed§ Hw$bmYma h¢ Ÿ& CZH$sdÝXZm H$m _w»` CÔoí` am_ ^{º$ mMZm hr h¡ Ÿ&

nX -3 : H${d {ed H$s ñVw{V lram_ MaUm| _| nyU© g§g{º$ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE H$aVo h§¡ Ÿ&

nX -4 : {edOr H$s ghO XmZerbVm VWm Ah¡VwH$s H¥$nm H$m H${d Bg nX _| dU©ZH$aVo h¡§ Ÿ& {ed ñVw{V H$m àH$mamÝVa JmZ CZHo$ _mhmËå` H$m JmZ h¡ Ÿ&

nX -5 : ì`§Jmo{º$ _mÜ`_ h¡ Ÿ& {ed H$s ghO XmZerbVm Ho$ n[aUm_ ñdê$n CËnÞ{dg§J{V Ho$ _mÜ`_ go CZH$m èmoJmZ H$aZm `hm± H${d H$m _ÝVì` h¡ Ÿ&

101

nX -6 : {edOr H$s gm_Ï`© H$s Amoa B§{JV H$aZm H${d H$m _ÝVì` h¡ Ÿ& Bg ñVw{V H$m _yb_ÝVì` lram_ H$s {Z_©b ^{º$ H$s mMZm h¡ Ÿ& {ed ñVw{V _mÜ`_ h¡ Ÿ& gmÜ` h¡, CgHo$ Ûmam àmá am_^{º$ Ÿ&

nX - 7 : AmÎm© ñda go am Vwbgr H$m h {dZ` ñVdZ h¡ Ÿ& Bg ñVw{V Ho$ Ûmam am_ Ho$ à{VAnZr JhZ AmñWm H$s g§nw{ï> Ho$ {bE {ed go do `mMZm H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& lram_ Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo g_PZo Ho${bE Û¡VO{ZV ôX~w{Õ ~mYH$ h¡ ; Bg {bE CgH$s g_m{á H$s `hm± Vwbgr àmW©Zm H$aVo h¢ Ÿ&

nX - 8 : Vwbgr {ed Ho$ Bg ómoV _| H${b`wJ Ûmam CËnÞ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ~mYm go _w{º$ H$sH$m_Zm H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ H$B© g§X^© H${dVmdbr _| àmá h¢ Ÿ& do H${b`wJ H$mo _Zm H$aZo Ho$ {bE^JdmZ go àmW©Zm H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& Vm{H$ CZHo$ H$m`© _| {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m {d¿Z CËnÞ Z hmo gHo$ Ÿ&

nX -9 : {ed Ho$ _mhmËå` H$m ñ_aU H$aVm hþAm Bg ñVw{V Ho$ _mÜ`_ go H${d {dîUw am_H$s Amg{º$ H$s `mMZm H$aVo h¡§ Ÿ&

nX -10 : {ed gå~ÝYr h ómoV ÌmoQ>H$ e¡br Ho$ AÝVJ©V g§ñH¥$V gm{hË` H$s ñVmoÌ e¡brna§nam go gå~{ÝYV h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| {ed H$s ñVw{V lram_ H$s eaUmJ{V àm{á Ho$ {bE H$s JB© h¡ Ÿ&

nX -11 : JdmZ yV mdZ H$m àb`§H$ar ê$n {ed ê$n go {^Þ h¡ Am¡a g_ñV {d¿Zm| Ho${dZme Ho$ {bE h ¡adê$n {ed {dJ«h - AmamÜ` _mZm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& hm± H${d r {ed Ho$ Bg ¡ad ê$nH$m ñ_aU H$aVm hþAm g§Ìmg go _w{º$ H$s mMZm H$aVo h¡§ Ÿ& Bg_| {ed H$s ¡ad ê$n H$s dÝXZm _ybmYmah¡ Ÿ&

nX -12 : {ed H$s ñVw{V h¡ Ÿ& e¡br ñVmoÌ H$s h¡ Ÿ& Bg ñVmoÌ H$m _ÝVì` {ed H$mJwUmZwdmX Ed§ CZH$s H¥$nm go CZH$s AZwHy$bVm àmá H$aZm h¡ Ÿ&

nX -13 : H${d AnZo g§Vmn {dZmeH$ {ed H$s AmÎm© ^md go ñVw{V H$a aho h¡§ Am¡a BgñVw{V H$m bú` ^d Ìmg go em§{V àmá H$aZm h¡ Ÿ&

nX -14 : dZ {ed H$m àVrH$ h¡ Am¡a àVrH$ Ho$ Cëbmg Ho$ _mÜ`_ go H${d àH¥${V Ho$gmW gmÑí` H$m dU©Z H$aZVo h§¡ Ÿ& CZHo$ AYmªJ _| {damO_mZ nmd©Vr ~gÝV ê$n _| CÝh| XoIZo Ho$ {bEAmVwa h¡ Ÿ&

nX -15 : H${d XwJm© H$s ñVw{V H$aVo hþE Cggo Aj` Ed§ AZÝ` ào_ H$s mMZm H$aVo h§¡ Ÿ&

nX -16 : Bg ñVw{V _| H${d _m± XwJm© H$m ñ_aU H$aVo h¢ Am¡a am_ ^{º$ H$s CZgo `mMZmH$aVo h¢ Ÿ&

nX -17 : Bg nX _| H${d J§Jm H$s ñVw{V H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& H${d J§Jm go AmpË_H$ g§X^© Omo‹S>Vo hþECg gå~ÝY H$mo lram_m{^_wIr H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& BgH$s _yb mMZm lram_ H$s {º$ h¡ Ÿ&

102

nX -18 : Bg nX _| ^r H${d J§Jm H$s ñVw{V H$aVo h¢ ; {Z^©a am_^{º$ Ho$ {bE Ÿ& na§n[aVe¡br Ho$ A§VJ©V Bg ñVw{V H$m g§X^© g§Ìmg go _w{º$ Am¡a am_^{º$ H$s `mMZm h¡ Ÿ&

nX -19 : H${d Bg nX _| J§Jm H$s ñVw{V H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg_| H${d J§Jm Ho$ CÕma gm_Ï`© H$m{MÌU H$a aho h¡§ Ÿ& H${d Bg_| Xmñ`^{º$ Ho$ g§X^© H$mo ì`§{OV H$a aho h¢ Ÿ&

nX -20 : H${d Zo Bg nX _| AnZr H$mì`dmUr H$s {Z_©bVm Ho$ {bE J§Jm ñVw{V H$s h¡ Ÿ&

2.12 DeY³eeme àíZ : * XrK© CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :

1. {dZ` n{ÌH$m _| ^{º$ H$m O¡gm nyU© n[anmH$ hþAm h¡ d¡gm AÝ`Ì Zht -

Bg H$WZ H$s gmW©H$Vm na {dMma H$s{OE Ÿ&

2. {dZ` n{ÌH$m Ho$ AmYma na Vwbgr H$s ^{º$ na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

3. {dZ` n{ÌH$m Ho$ AmYma na Vwbgr Ho$ Xme©{ZH$ {dMmam| H$mo ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&

4. "{dZ` n{ÌH$m ' Vwbgr H$m EH$ loð> J«§W h¡ - à_m{UV H$s{OE Ÿ&

5. Jr{V H$mì` H$s Ñ{ï> go {dZ` n{ÌH$m H$s g_rjm H$s{OE Ÿ&

* AmbmoMZmË_H$ àíZ :1) Vwbgr H$s ^mfm _| àdh_mZVm h¡ - Š`m| ?

2) Vwbgr H$s ^{º$ {dZ` Ho$ nXm| _| O¡gm ñnï> h¡ d¡gm AÝ`Ì Zht - Š`m| ?

3) {dZ` n{ÌH$m Ho$ ^mdnj na EH$ boI {b{IE Ÿ&

4) {dZ` n{ÌH$m Ho$ AmYma na Vwbgr Ho$ H$bm-nj H$s MMm© H$s{OE Ÿ&

* bKyÎmar àíZg àg§J ì`m»`m H$s{OE :

1) gmdamo .......... _wgwH$m{Z Ÿ&

2) ha{V nmn {Ì{dY Vmn .......... H¡$go V[aV Ÿ&

3) {gd-{gd ! hmoB .......... A{dZmgr Ÿ&

4) Xod _moh V_ Va{U .......... bmdÊ` Ym_ Ÿ&

103

2.13 g§X^© J«§W :* {dZ` n{ÌH$m - JrVm àog, JmoaInwa

* {hÝXr gm{hË` H$m d¥h²V B{Vhmg - ZmJar àMm[aUr g^m, H$mer

* Jmoñdm_r VwbgrXmg H¥$V {dZ` n{ÌH$m - S>m°. `moJoÝÐ àVmn qgh Ÿ&

* {hÝXr gm{hË` H$s y{_H$m - AmMm`© hOmar àgmX {ÛdoXr

* {hÝXr gm{hË` H$moe - S>m°. YraoÝÐ d_m© - S>m°. _mVmàgmX Jwá H$s {dZ` n{ÌH$m na {Q>ßnUr Ÿ&

1) Vwbgr J«§Wmdbr - g§. am_MÝÐ ewŠb

2) {dZ` n{ÌH$m - JrVm àog JmoaInwa Ÿ&

3) Vwbgr Am¡a CZH$m H$mì` - S>m°. am_XÎm ^maÛmO

4) Vwbgr Xe©Z _r_m§gm - S>m°. CX`^mZw qgh

5) VwbgrXmg - M§Ðdbr nmÊS>o Ÿ&

104

Unit -III

ŸŸ (H$)JrVmdbr

3. (H$)JrVmdbr

3.1 J«§W n[aM`3.2. aMZmH$mb3.3. {df`3.4 ^md nj3.5 H$bm nj3.6 Ab§H$ma3.7 _yb nmR>3.8 eãXmW©3.9 DeY³eeme àíZ3.10 g§X^© J«§W

105

Unit -IIIŸŸ

(H$)JrVmdbr

3.1 J«§W n[aM` :`h aMZm amJ am{J{Z`m| _| h¡ Am¡a Bg_| H$m§S> H«$_ go am_M[aÌ d{U©V h¡ Ÿ& h ewÕ ~«O^mfm

_| h¡ Ÿ& `h H¥$îU^º$ H${d`m| H$s e¡br na d¡gr hr gag VWm _Zmoa_ h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| ~mbbrbm VWmam_amÁ` Ho$ gwI, Eoíd`© H$m {dñVma go dU©Z h¡ Am¡a AÝ` H$m g§{já Ÿ& Hw$N> nX Eogo r h¢ Omo gyaXmgH$s à{V{b{n _mÌ h¢ Am¡a Ho$db am_, í`m_, Vwbgr Am{X H$m hoa\o$a h¡ Ÿ& hmo gH$Vm h¡ Vwbgr Zo Eogm{H$`m hmo Ÿ& Bg_| Vwbgr H$s b{bV nXaMZm h¡ Ÿ& H${dVmdbr go A{YH$ VmaVå` nyU© KQ>Zm g§JR>Zh¡ Ÿ& H$WmZH$ H$s Ñ{ï> go JrVmdbr am_M[aV _mZg go {^Þ h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m à_wI AmH$f©U H$WmZH$ Zht,^mdg§n{Îm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| ûm¥§Jma, dra, H$éU Am{X agm| H$s ~‹S>r gwÝXa A{^ì`{º$ hþB© h¡ Ÿ& dmËgëàg H$m$^r Bg_| dU©Z h¡ Ÿ& AZoH$ _m{_©H$ àg§J BgH$s H$mì`g§n{Îm h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr H$s aMZmAm| _| Bg aMZm H$mñWmZ AË`§V _hËdnyU© h¡ Ÿ&

3.2 aMZmH$mb :n§. am_Zaoe {ÌnmR>r BgH$m aMZmH$mb g§. 1625 go 1628 VH$ _mZVo h¢ Ÿ& do Bgo Vwbgr H$s

N>mÌmdñWm Ho$ g_` _| hr a{MV nXm| H$m g§J«h _mZVo h¢ Ÿ& S>m°. am_XÎm âÛmO AnZo J«§W "Jmoñdm_rVwbgrXmg ; ì`{º$Ëd, Xe©Z, gm{hË`' _| BgH$m aMZmH$mb g§. 1643 go 1650 Ho$ AÝVJ©V _mZVoh¢ Ÿ& S>m°. _mVmàgmX Jwá BgHo$ aMZm H$mb H$mo g§. 1665 _mZVo h¢ Ÿ& S>m°. Jwá Ho$ _V H$mo A{YH$m§eAmbmoMH$ g_rMrZ ~VmVo h¢ Ÿ&

3.3 {df` :JrVmdbr H$m àma§ am_OÝ_moËgd go hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Ama§ go 46 nXm| _| CÝhm|Zo am_ H$s

~mbbrbm H$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& VXZ§Va {dídm{_Ì H$m AmJ_Z, CZHo$ Ûmam k H$m ajU, Ahë`moÕmaAm{X H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE OZH$nwa _| grVm ñd`§da H$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& \w$bdmar _| am_-grVm Ho$ öX`_| EH$ Xygao H$mo XoIH$a ào_moX` VWm YZwf-`k H$m AË`§V {dñVma go dU©Z {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& g^m{X Ho$gmW {ddmh H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE ~mbH$mÊS> H$m g_mnZ {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&

106

A`moÜ`mH$m§S> _| am_ -amÁ`m{^foH$ H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE H${d VwaÝV dZJ_Z àg§J na AmOmVo h¢ Ÿ& grVm Am¡a bú_U Ho$ gmW am_ H$m dZJ_Z, J«må`dZ gm¡ÝX`© Ûmam à^m{dV hmoZo H$m dU©Z,{MÌHy$Q> Ho$ àmH¥${VH$ gm¡ÝX`© H$m dU©Z, aV-am_ {_bmn, aV H$m Z§{XJ«m_ -{Zdmg VWm H$m¡eë`mH$m n[aVmn Am{X AZoH$ àg§J d{U©V h¢ Ÿ&

AaÊ`H$m§S> _| dZ-{dhma, _marMdY, grVmhaU, OQ>m`wdY, am_-{d`moJ, e~ar {_bZAm{X AZoH$ KQ>ZmAm| H$m dU©Z h¡ Ÿ&

{H$pîH$ÝYm H$m§S> _| am_-gwJ«rd_¡Ìr VWm grVm H$s ImoO Ho$ AmXoe H$m dU©Z {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&

gwÝXa H$mÊS> _| hZw_mZ H$m AemoH$dm{Q>H$m J_Z, am_ H$s _w{ÐH$m grVm H$mo àXmZ, grVmhZw_mZ |Q>, hZw_mZ amdU ^|Q> VWm {d^rfU -$ eaUJ{V H$m dU©Z h¡ Ÿ&

b§H$mH$m§S> _| amdU H$mo nËZr _ZmXmoXar H$s {ejm, A§JX H$m XyVH$m`©, bú_U H$m AmhVhmoZm, hZw_mZ Ûmam g§OrdZr bmZm, am_ {dO`, am_-amÁ`m{^foH$ Am{X H$m {dñV¥V dU©Z {H$`m J`mh¡ Ÿ&

CÎmaH$m§S> _| am_-gm¡ÝX`©, dg§V- {dhma, grVm- dZdmg, bdHw$e- OÝ_ H$m dU©Z H$aHo$EH$ nX _| am_H$Wm H$m {g§hmdbmoH$Z H$a {X`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&

XoIm J`m h¡ {H$ "JrVmdbr' _| H$WmZH$ ûm¥§Ibm~Õ Zht h¡ Ÿ& am_ Ho$ OrdZ g§~§{YV AZoH$KQ>ZmAm| H$mo N>mo‹S> {X`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m H$WmZH$ AZoH$ ñWmZm| _| _mZg go$ {^Þ h¡ Am¡a ~më_r{H$am_mÙ go à^m{dV OmZ n‹S>Vm h¡ Ÿ& _mZg H$s Anojm AemoH$dm{Q>H$m H$m àg§J Bg_| _m¡{bH$ h¡ Ÿ&Bg_| grVm-_w{ÐH$m g§dmX ñdV§Ì h¡ VWm Añdm^m{dH$ ^r Ÿ& BZ g~ dU©Zm| Am¡a {df` d¡{dÜ` Ho$H$maU JrVmdbr EH$ CËH¥$ï> aMZm h¡ Ÿ&

3.4 ^mdnj :gm¡ÝX`© -dU©Z AË §V _m{_©H$ h¡ Ÿ& ~mbH$ am_, {H$emoa am_, Xwbhm am_, XwbhZ -grVm dZ

nW -n{WH$m- am_ -bú_U-grVm VWm amOm am_ Ho$ gm¡ÝX`© dU©Z go AmoVàmoV `h H$mì` J«§W h¡ Ÿ&AË`§V _Zmoa_ H$ënZmAm| go _§{S>V {MÌ àñVw{V _| ^mdnj AË`§V g~b hþAm h¡ Ÿ&

Bg J«§W H$m àma§ am_OÝ__hmoËgd go hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& ~mbH$ am_ Ho$ à{V {nVm_mVm Ho$ öX` H$s_Ywa mdZmAm| H$m dU©Z h¡ Ÿ& _mVmE± ~mbH$m| H$s {d{^Þ Moï>mAm| H$mo XoIH$a AmZÝX {d^moa hmo OmVrh¡§ Ÿ& CZH$s g{I`m± CÝh| gå~mo{YV H$aVr hþB© H$hVr h¢ -

""ZoHw$ {dbmo{H$ Ym¢ aKw~a{Z Ÿ&

nagna Iob{Z A{Oa, C{R> Mb{Z,

107

{J[a -{J[a da{Z Ÿ&&

PwH${Z, Pm±H${Z, N>m±hgm| {H$bH${Z, ZQ>{Z, h{R> ba{Z Ÿ&

VmoVar ~mob{Z, {~bmoH${Z, _mo{hZr, _Z -ha{Z Ÿ&&'' (1.18)

~mbH$m| H$s H«$s‹S>mE± n[adma Ho$ àËòH$ gXñ` H$mo AmZÝX go AmÝXmo{bV H$aVr h¢ Ÿ& BgàH$ma ~mbH$m| H$m gm¡ÝX`© _Z H$mo AmZÝX go â XoVm h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo OÝ_ go boH$a H«$_e: àËòH$AdñWm Ho$ gm¡ÝX`© H$m Omo dU©Z {H$`m h¡, dh AË`ÝV Xwb© h¡ Ÿ& Xmñ` ^md H$s {º$ hmoZo Ho$ H$maUJrVmdbr _| CZHo$ AamÜ` ~mbH$ hmoVo hþE r ñdm_r h¢ Ÿ& AV: Vwbgr Ho$ dU©Z _| Xmg Am¡a ñdm_r H$sXyar Ed§ _`m©Xm h¡ Ÿ& am_ j{Ì` h¢ Am¡a H¥$îU gm_mÝ` ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ~mbH$ Ÿ& Bgr H$maU am_ H$s~mbH«$s‹S>mE± Am¡a CZH$m bmbZ nmbZ _`m©Xm go {Z`§{ÌV h¡ Ÿ& CÝh| àH¥${V _| gm_mÝ` ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmWñdÀN>ÝX hmoH$a IobZo H$m Adga Zht {_bm Ÿ& Bg{bE em`X Vwbgr Ho$ ~mbdU©Z _| gya Ho$dmËgë`dU©Z H$s Vah öX`J«mhr e{º$ Zht Ÿ&

am_-bú_U {dídm{_Ì Ho$ gmW Mbo OmZo Ho$ ~mX {d`moJ dmËgë` H$m Ama§ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&_mVm CZHo$ {bE qMVmJ«ñV hmo OmVr h¡ Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ amOnmQ> _| nm{bV o gwHw$_ma ~mbH$ Am¡a H$hm± XwJ©_dZ ? ò XmoZm| ~mb g§H$moMerb ñd^md dmbo h¢ Ÿ& do qMVm H$aZo bJVr h¢ -

_oao ~mbH$ H¡$go Ym¢ _J {Z~hqhJo ?

^yI-ß`mg, grV, g_ gHw$M{V Š`m| H$m¡{gH$qh H$hmqhJo ?

H$mo ^moa hr C~ra AÝhdo h¢, H$m{‹T> H$boD$ X¡h¡ ?

H$mo ^yfU n{hamB, {ZN>md[a H$[a bmoMZ gwI b¡ h¢ ? (1.99)

{dídm{_Ì Ho$ {bE Omo AOo ~mbH$, dra Ed§ JdmZ AdVma h¢, _m± H$m¡eë`m Ho$ {bE do{eew hr h¢ Ÿ& _m± H$m öX` BZHo$ {dN>moh _| ì`mHw$b hmo CR>Vm h¡ Ÿ& {d`moJ H$m Xygam Adga dZ-J_ZHo$ AZÝVa AmVm h¡ Ÿ& V~ VH$ o am_ {H$emoamdñWm H$mo nma H$a MwHo$ Wo Ÿ& {\$a r _m± Ho$ öX` Ho$ {bEdo ~mbH$ hr Vmo h¢ Ÿ& am_ _m± H$s Bg Xem H$mo XoIH$a ì`mHw$b hmo CR>Vo h¢ erK« bm¡Q> AmZo H$mAmídmgZ XoH$a _m± H$mo gm§ËdZm XoVo h¢ Ÿ& {MÌHy$Q> go bm¡Q>Zo Ho$ ~mX _mVm H$s doXZm XwJwZr hmo OmVr h¡ Ÿ&`hm± H$m dU©Z AË`§V öX`ÐmdH$ h¡ Ÿ& `hm± H${d _mV¥öX` H$mo ì`§{OV H$aZo _| H$m\$s g\$b àVrVhmoVo h¢ Ÿ& _mV¥ dmËgë` Ho$ {MÌU _| VWm _mV¥öX` H$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo ì`§{OV H$aZo _| H${d g\$b ahoh¢ Ÿ&

JrVmdbr _| ûm¥§Jma ag H$m {MÌU ^r H${d Zo _Zmo moJ go {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| H${d Zo am_ Ho$gm¡ÝX`© H$s àËòH$ AdñWm H$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& am_-grVm Ho$ dU©Z _| CÝhm|Zo H$hm h¡ -

Xybh am_ gr` Xwbhr ar Ÿ&

108

KZ-Xm{_{Z ~a daZ haZ _Z gwÝXaVm ZI-{gI {Z~hr ar Ÿ&

gwf_m-gwa{^ -qgJma-N>ra Xw{h Z`Z A{_`_` {H$`m¡ h¡ Xhr ar Ÿ&

* * *

ê$n-am{O {~aMr {da§{M _Zmo, {gbm bd{Z a{V-H$m_ bhr ar Ÿ& (1.106)

nwîn dm{Q>H$m _| nwînM`Z H$aVr hþB© am_ H$s Amoa XoI H$a OmZH$s ào_ {d^moa hmo OmVr h¡ Ÿ&am_ ^r CZH$s Amoa XoIH$a ào_ _| Sy>~ OmVo h¢ Ÿ& Vwbgr dU©Z H$aVo h¢ Am¡a CZHo$ ào_moX` H$m dU©ZH$aZo _| AnZo H$mo Ag_W© nmVo h¢ -

""{Za{Ia bfZ am_ - OmZo F$Vw n{V H$m_

_mo{h _Zmo _XZ _mo{hZr _y‹S> ZmB© h¢ Ÿ&

amKm¡ Oy-lr OmZH$s - bmoMZ {_{bdo H$mo _moX

H${h~o H$mo OmoJwZ, _¢ ~mV|-gr ~ZmB© h¢ Ÿ&&''

AnZo AmamÜ` H$m ào_ dU©Z bm Vwbgr H¡$go H$a gH$Vo Ÿ& {ddmh Ho$ AZ§Va H${d Zo g§ moJûm¥§Jma H$m A{YH$ dU©Z Zht {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo _`m©Xm H$m Cëb§KZ H$ht r Zht {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& _`m©Xm Ho$AZwHy$b {OVZm ^r dU©Z {H$`m h¡ dh AZwn_ h¡ Am¡a H${d-à{V^m H$m CÎm_ {ZXe©Z h¡ Ÿ&

g§ moJ H$s Anojm {d`moJ ûm¥§Jma dU©Z JrVmdbr _| A{YH$ _m{_©H$ h¡ Ÿ& AemoH$ dm{Q>H$m _|grVm H$m {dah dU©Z Xe©Zr` h¡ Ÿ& {dah _| grVm {XZ-amV am_ -am_ aQ>Vr ahVr h¡ Ÿ& grVm H$s ì`Wm H$m_m{_©H$ dU©Z H$aVo hþE H${d H$hVo h¡§-

H$~hÿ± H${n ! amKd AmdqhJo ?

_oao Z`Z -MH$moa àr{V~g amH$m -g{g-gwI {~IamdqhJo Ÿ&

{dah -A{J{Z O[a ahrb Vm Á`m¢ H¥$nm Ñ{ï> Ob nbwhmdqhJo Ÿ&& (5-10)

AmMm`© am_MÝÐ ewŠb Zo Vwbgr Ho$ {dahdU©Z Ho$ ~mao _| H$hm h¡ - ^maV H$s Hy$bdYy H$m{dah Amdmam Am{gH$m| _meyH$m| H$m {dah Zht h¡ dh OrdZ Ho$ Jm§ r`© H$mo {b o hwE ahVm h¡ Ÿ& h n¥ÏdrH$m ^ma CVmaZo dmbm {dah h¡ Ÿ& (Jmoñdm_r VwbgrXmg -n¥. -102 -103)

{d{^Þ AZw dm| Ûmam Vwbgr Zo am_ H$s ì`Wm H$s ~‹S>r _m{_©H$ ì`§OZm H$s h¡ Ÿ&

AÝ` agm| _| H$éU ag H$mo ^r Vwbgr Zo _hËd {X`m h¡ Ÿ& XeaW -_aU, OQ>m`w -^|Q>,bú_U e{º$ ôX VWm grVm-Ë`mJ Ho$ àg§J H$éU ag go AmoVàmoV h¢ Ÿ& Vwbgr H$s ^mfm _| -

Ÿ VmV _aU, {V` -haU, JrY -~Y -^wO Xm{hZr -J±dmB© Ÿ&

Vwbgr _¢ g~ ^m±{V AnZo Hw$b{h H$m{b_m bmB© Ÿ&& (6-6)

109

JrVmdbr ha Ñ{ï> go XoImOm` Vmo EH$ M[aV H$mì` R>haVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| Vwbgr H$s {º$ ñWmZ-ñWmZ na XoIZo H$mo {_bVr h¡ Ÿ&

am_ H$s CXmaVm Am¡a ^º$dËgbVm H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE Vwbgr H$hVo h¢ -

Jò am_ gaZ g~ H$m¡ ^bmo Ÿ&

JZr Jar~, ~‹S>mo-N>moQ>mo, ~wY -_y‹T> hrZ -~b A{V ~bmo Ÿ&& (5-42)

Bg àH$ma XoIm Om` Vmo ^{º$ag H$m nyU© n[aUmH$ "JrVmdbr' _| O¡gm hþAm h¡ dh AnZoAmn_| AZmoIm h¡ Ÿ& JrVmdbr _| Vwbgr H$m àH¥${V -ào_ r XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& `h àH¥${V _mZdr`^mdZmAm| Ho$ AZwHy$b à{V^m{gV hmoVr hþB© {XImB© XoVr h¡ Ÿ& grVmhaU Ho$ ~mX àH¥${V XrZhrZ CXmgrZhmo OmVr h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr H$hVo h¢ -

g[aV Ob-_{bZ, _a{Z gyIo Z{bZ,

A{b Z Jw§OV, H$b Hy$O¢ Z _amb Ÿ&

Vê$ Oo OmZH$s bmE, Á`mno h[a-H$[a H${n,

hoa¢ hþ§H$[a, Pa¢ Z \$b agmb Ÿ&& (3-9)

dfm© F$Vw _| àH¥${V H$m gm¡ÝX`© dU©Z H$aVo hþE H${d H$hVo h¢ -

gmohV ñ`m_ ObX _¥Xw KmoaV YmVw a§J^Jo g¥§J{Z,

_Zhþ Am{X Aå^moO {damOV go{dV gwa-_w{Z ¥§J{Z Ÿ&

* * *

BZ dU©Zm| Ho$ H$mU JrVmdbr _| Vwbgr H$m ^mdnj AË`§V g~b Am¡a {MÎmmH$f©H$ hmo CR>mh¡ Ÿ&

3.5 H$bm nj :JrVmdbr H$s mfm ~«O^mfm h¡ Ÿ& {g\©$ mfm Zht gm{hpË`H$ ~«O^mfm Ho$ CËH¥$ï> CXmhaU

Bg_| ânya h¢ Ÿ& mfm -gm¡ð>d H$s ajm Ho$ {bE Vwbgr Zo g§ñH¥$V VËg_ eãXm| H$mo AnZm`m h¡ Ÿ& `WmH${bÝXZ{XZr, M§M[aH$, {ÛO Am{X VËg_ eãXm| H$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& H$ht-H$ht g_mgm| H$m ^rà`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& O¡go ~mb-{dZmoX- _moX-_§Owb-_{Z, Z`Z-H$_b-H$b-H$bg, am_MÝÐ -_wI -gwYm -N>{d Am{X Ÿ& g§ñH¥$V Ho$ Abmdm Aa~r-\$magr Ho$ àM{bV eãXm| H$m ^r {Zñg§H$moM à`moJ{H$`m h¡ Ÿ& O¡go, {ZgmZ, {gaVmO, Ig_, H$g_, AH$g Am{X Ÿ& JrVmdbr _| _whmdam| Am¡a H$hmdVm|H$m {dab à`moJ XoIZo H$mo {_bVm h¡ Ÿ& O¡go -"VÁ`mo XyY _mIr Á`m|', "R>J Ho$ go bmSy> Imò' Am{X Ÿ&JrVmdbr _| dmÀ`mW© hr àYmZ h¡ Ÿ& bú`mW© ì`§½`mW© Ho$ ^r à`moJ hþE h¢ Ÿ&

110

3-6 Ab§H$ma :H${d Zo AnZo ^mdm| H$s g§àofUr`Vm Ho$ {bE {d{dY Ab§H$mam| H$m ^r Aml` {b`m h¡ Ÿ&

H${d H$mo AZwàmg Ab§H$ma A{YH$ {à` bJm h¡ -

O¡go - O`_mb OmZH$s -ObO H$a bB© h¡ Ÿ&

gw_Z gw_§Jb gJwZ H$s ~ZmB© _§Ow _mZhþ _XZ-_mIr Amnw {Za^B© h¡ Ÿ& (1-96)

eãX{MÌ A§{H$V H$aVo hþE -

Pw§PZw -Pw§PZw nm`± n¢OZr _¥Xw _wIa Ÿ&& (1-33)

`_H$ Ab§H$ma H$m à`moJ ^r _Zmoha h¡ -

Ê {dXoh {dXoh Zoh ~g Xoh Xgm {dgamE Ÿ& (1-65)

`_H$-eãXmb§H$ma Ho$ à`moJ _| H${d O¡go g\$b aho h¢ d¡go AWm©b§H$ma à`moJ _| ^r CÝh|g\$bVm {_br h¡ -

_{W _mIZ {g` am_ g§dmao,

gH$b wdZ N>{d _Zhþ± _hr ar Ÿ&&(1-106)

CZHo$ AZwàmg _| àgmX Am¡a _mYw © JwU _w»` h¢ Ÿ& XmoZm| {_bH$a ^md H$mo ^ì`Vm àXmZH$aVo h¢ Ÿ&

Cn_m - H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE H${d H$hVo h§¡ -

Zrb nrV ZraO -H$ZH$ -_aH$V KZ -Xm{_Zr,

~aZ -VZw ê$n Ho$ {ZMmoa h¢ Ÿ& (1-73)

{deofmo{º$ Ho$ dU©Z _| r Vwbgr H$s Hw$ebVm AdbmoH$Zr` h¡ Ÿ&

Vwbgr Vo{h gwI-{gÝYw H$m¡{gbm,

_JZ n¡ ào_ -{n`mgr Ÿ&

Bg àH$ma XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ H${d eãXmb§H$ma Am¡a AWm©b§H$ma XmoZm| Ho$ à`moJ _| {gÕhñVWo Ÿ& Bg H$mì` _| àJr{V H$mì` Ho$ g^r JwU {dÚ_mZ h¢ Ÿ& Bg Ñ{ï> go JrVmdbr EH$ CËH¥$ï> aMZm h¡ Ÿ&

111

3.7 JrVmdbr (1-20 nX)(_yb nmR>)

amJ Amgmdar

AmOw gw{XZ gw Kar gwhmB©

ê$n-grb-JwZ-Ym_ am_ Z¥n-^dZ àJQ> E AmB© Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

A{V nwZrV _Yw_mg, bJZ J«h dma OmoJ g_wXmB© Ÿ&

öafd§V Ma AMa ^y{_gwa VZéh nwbH$ OZmB© Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

~af{h {~~wY-{ZH$a Hw$gw_md{b Z^ Xw§Xw r ~OmB© Ÿ&

H$m¡gë`m{X _mVw _Z ha{fV, h gwI ~a{Z Z OmB© Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

gw{Z XgaW gwV OÝ_ {bE g~ Jwé OZ {~à ~mobmB© Ÿ&

doX-{d{hV H$[a {H«$`m na_ gw{M, AmZÝX Ca Z g_mB© Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

gXZ ~oX Yw{Z H$aV _Ywa _w{Z, ~hþ {~{Y ~mO ~YmB© Ÿ&

nwa~m{gÝh {à` ZmW hoVw {ZO {ZO g§nXm bwQ>mB© Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

_{Z, VmoaZ, ~hþ Ho$Vw nVmH${Z nwar é{Ma H$[a N>mB© Ÿ&

_mJY gyV Ûma ~§XrOZ Oh± Vh± H$aV ~‹S>mB© Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&

ghO qgJma {H$E ~{ZVm Mbr _§Jb {~nwb ~ZmB© Ÿ&

Jmdqh Xoqh Agrg _w{XV {Ma{Odm| VZ` gwIXmB© Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

~r{WÝh Hw§$Hw$_ H$sM, AaJOm AJa A~ra C‹S>mB© Ÿ&

ZmMqh nwa-Za-Zm[a ào_ [a XohXgm {~gamB© Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

A{_V YoZw JO VwaJ ~gZ _{Z OmVê$n A{YH$mB© Ÿ&

XoV yn AZwê$n Om{h OmoB, gH$b {g{Õ J¥h AmB© Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&

gwIr Ê gwa, g§V, ^y{_gwa IbJZ _Z _{bZmB© Ÿ&

g~B gw_Z {dH${gV a{d {ZH$gV, Hw$_wX-{d{nZ {~bImB© Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&

Omo gwI {g§Yw-gH¥$V -grH$a V| {gd {~a§{M à^wVmB© Ÿ&

gmoB© gwI AdY C_§{J aømo Xg {X{g H$m¡Z OVZ H$hm¢ JmB© Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&

112

Oo aKw~ra MaZ {M§VH$ {VÝhH$s J{V n«JQ> {XImB© Ÿ&

A{dab A_b AZyn J{V Ñ‹T> Vwb{gXmg V~ nmB© Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&

amJ O¡Vlr

ghobr, _Zw gmo{hbmo ao !

gmo{hbmo, gmo{hbmo, gmo{hbmo gmo{hbmo g~ OJ AmO Ÿ&

nyV gnyV H$m¡{gbm Om`mo, AMb `mo Hw$bamO Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

M¡V Mmé Zm¡_r {V{W, {gVnI, _Ü`-JJZ -JV mZw Ÿ&

ZIV OmoJ J«h bJZ ^bo {XZ _§Jb _moX {ZYmZw Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

ã`mo_ ndZ nmdH$ Ob Wb {X{g Xghþ gw_§Jb _yb Ÿ&

gwa Xw§Xw r ~Omdqh, Jmdqh, hafqh, ~afqh \y$b Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

^yn{V gXZ gmo{hbmo gw{Z dmO¢ JhJho {ZgmZ Ÿ&

Oh± Vhm± gOqh H$bg YwO Mm_a VmoaZ Ho$Vw {~VmZ Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

gt{M gwJ§Y aM¢ Mm¡Ho$ J¥h Am§JZ Jbr- ~Oma Ÿ&

Xb \$b \y$b Xy~ X{Y amoMZ Ka Ka _§JbMma Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

gw{Z gmZÝX CR>o Xgñ`§XZ gH$b g_mO g_oV &

{bE ~mo{b Jwé g{Md ^y{_gwa à_w{XV Mbo {ZHo$V Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&

OmVH$_© H$[a ny{O {nVa gwa, {XE _{hXodZ XmZ Ÿ&

Vo{h Amga gwV Vr{Z àJQ> Ê _§Jb , _wX H$ë`mZ Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

AmZÝX _h§ AmZÝX AdY, AmZÝX ~YmdZ hmoB© Ÿ&

Cn_m H$hm¢ Mm[a \$b H$s, _moqh ^bmo Z H$h§ H${~ H$moB Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

gM AmaVr {~{MÌ Wma H$a OyW OyW ~aZm[a Ÿ&

Jm~V Mbr ~YmdZ b¡ b¡ {ZO {ZO Hw$b AZwhm[a Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&

Aghr Xwghr _ahþ _Zqh _Z, ~¡[aZ ~T>hþ {~fmX Ÿ&

Z¥ngwV Mm[a Mmé {MaOrdhþ g§H$a-Jm¡[a-àgmX Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&

b¡ b¡ T>mod àOm à_w{XV Mbo ^m±{V ^m±{V ^[a ^ma Ÿ&

H$aqh JmZ H$[a AmZ am` H$s, ZmMqh amOXwdma Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&

113

JO, aW, ~m{O, ~m{hZr, ~mhZ g~{Z g§dmao gmO Ÿ&

OZw a{Vn{V [aVwn{V H$mogbnwa {~haV g{hV g_mO Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&

K§Q>m K§{Q> nImCO AmCO Pm§P ~oZw S>\$ Vma Ÿ&

Zynwa Yw{Z, _§Ora _Zmoha, H$a H§$MZ-PZH$ma Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&

Z¥Ë` H$aqh ZQ>-ZQ>r, Zm[a Za AnZo AnZo a§J Ÿ&

_Zhþ± _XZ -a{V {d{dY ~of Y[a ZQ>V gwXog gwT>§J Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&

CKQ>{h§ N>§X à~§Y JrV nX amJ VmZ ~§YmZ Ÿ&

_w{Z {H$Þa J§Y~© gamhV, {~WHo$ h¢ {~~wY -{d_mZ Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&

Hw§$Hw$_ AJa AaJOm {N>aH$qh âqh Jwbmb A~ra Ÿ&

Z^ àgyZ P[a, nwar H$mobmhb, B _Z^md{V ra Ÿ&&16Ÿ&&

~‹S>r d`g {~{Y `mo Xm{hZmo gwa-Jwé-Am{ga~mX Ÿ&

XgaW gwH¥$V -gwYmgmJa g~ C_Jo h¢ V{O _aOmX Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&

~«m÷U ~oX, ~§{X {daXmd{b , O` Yw{Z _§Jb JmZ Ÿ&

{ZH$gV n¡R>V bmoJ nagna ~mobV b{J b{J H$mZ Ÿ&&18Ÿ&&

~maqh _wHw$Vm aVZ amO_{hfr nwa-gw_w{I g_mZ Ÿ&

~Jao ZJa {ZN>md[a _{ZJZ OZw Odm[a O~ YmZ Ÿ&&19Ÿ&&

H$spÝh ~oX{d{Y bmoH$ar{V Z¥n, _§{Xa na_ hþbmg Ÿ&

H$m¡gë`m H¡$H$`r gw{_Ìm ahg-{~~g a{Zdmg Ÿ&&20Ÿ&&

am{ZZ {XE ~gZ _{Z yfZ, amOm ghZ -^§S>ma Ÿ&

_mJY gyV ^mQ> ZQ> OmMH$ Oh± Vh± H$aqh H$~ma Ÿ&&21Ÿ&&

{dàdYy gZ_m{Z gwAm{g{Z, OZ nwaOZ n{hamB Ÿ&

gZ_mZo AdZrg, AgrgV B©g a_og _ZmB Ÿ&&22Ÿ&&

Aï>{g{Õ Zd{Z{Õ y{V g~ yn{V dZ H$_mqh Ÿ&

g_C g_mO amO XgaW H$mo bmoH$Z gH$b {ghmqh Ÿ&&23Ÿ&&

H$mo H${h gH¡$ AdYdm{gZ H$mo ào_ à_moX CN>mh Ÿ&

gmaX gog JZog {Jargqh AJ_, {ZJ_ AdJmh Ÿ&&24Ÿ&&

{gd {da§{M _w{Z {gÕ àg§gV ~‹S>o ^yn Ho$ ^mJ Ÿ&

Vwb{gXmg à^w gmo{hbmo JmdV C_{J C_{J AZwamJ Ÿ&&25Ÿ&&

114

amJ {~bmdb

AmOw _hm_§Jb H$mogbnwa gw{Z Z¥n Ho$ gwV Mm[a Ê Ÿ&

gXZ gXZ gmo{hbmo gmohmdZ Z^ Aé ZJa {ZgmZ hþE Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

g{O g{O OmZ A_a {H$Þa _w{Z Om{Z g_` gw JmZ R>>E Ÿ&

ZmMqh Z^ Angam _w{XV _Z nw{Z nw{Z ~afqh gw_Z ME Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

A{V gwI ~o{J ~mo{b Jwé ^ygwa ^yn{V ^rVa ^dZ JE Ÿ&

OmVH$a_ H$[a, H$ZH$ ~gZ, _{Z^y{fV gwa{^ g_yh XE Ÿ&Ÿ&3Ÿ&&

Xb \$b \y$b Xy~ X{Y amoMZ Ow~{VÝh ^[a ^[a Wma bE &

JmdV Mbt ra B ~r{WÝh, ~§{XÝh ~m§Hw$ao {~aX ~E Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

H$ZH$ -H$bH$ Mm_a nVmH$ YwO Oh± -Oh± ~§XZdma ZE Ÿ&

âqh A~ra, AaJOm {N>aH$qh, gH$b bmoH$ EH$ a§J aE ŸŸ&&5Ÿ&&

C_§{J Më`m¡ AmZÝX bmoH$ {Vhþ±, XoV g~{Z _§{Xa [aVE Ÿ&

Vwb{gXmg nw{Z aoB Xo{I`V, am_H¥$nm {MVd{Z {MVE Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

amJ O¡Vlr

Jmd¢ {~~wY {d_b ~a~mZr Ÿ&

^wdZ H$mo{Q> H$ë`mZ-H§$X Omo Om`mo nyV H$m¡{gbm amZr Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

_mg nmI {V{W ~ma ZIV J«h OmoJ bJZ gw R>mZr Ÿ&

Ob Wb JJZ àgÞ gmYw _Z, Xg {X{g {h` hþbgmZr Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

~afV gw_Z ~Ymd ZJa Z^, haf Z OmV ~ImZr Ÿ&

Á`m| hþbmg a{Zdmg Zaogqh Ë`m| OZnX aOYmZr Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

A_a ZmJ _w{Z _ZwO gn[aOZ {dJV{dfmX -JbmZr Ÿ&

{_bo{h _m§P amdZ aOZrMa b§H$g§H$ AHw$bmZr Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

Xod {nVa Jwé {dà ny{O Z¥n {XE XmZ é{M OmZr Ÿ&

_w{Z -~{ZVm, nwaZm[a gwAm{g{Z ghg m±{V gZ_mZr Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

nmB AKmB AgrgV {ZH$gV OmMH$ OZ E XmZr Ÿ&

115

`m| àgÞ H¡$H$`r gw{_Ì{h hmoC _hog dmZr Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&

{XZ Xygao yn-^m{_{Z XmoC Bª gw_§Jb-ImZr Ÿ&

^`mo gmo{hbmo gmo{hbmo _mo OZw g¥{ï> gmo{hbmo-gmZr Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

JmdV ZmMV, _mo _Z ^mdV gwI gmo AdY A{YH$mZr Ÿ&

XoV boV n{haV n{hamdV àOm à_moX -AKmZr Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

JmZ {ZgmZ H$mobmhb H$m¡VwH$ XoIV XwZr {ghmZr Ÿ&

h[a-{da§{M -ha -nwa gmo m Hw${b H$mogbnwar bmo mZr Ÿ&Ÿ&9Ÿ&&

AmZÝX Ad{Z, amOamZr g~ _m§Jhþ H$mo{I Ow‹S>mZr Ÿ&

Am{gf X¡ X¡ gahqh ZmXa C_m a_m ~«÷mZr Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&

{~^d-{~bmg ~m{‹T> XgaW H$s Xo{I Z {OZqh gmohmZr Ÿ&

H$sa{V, Hw$gb, y{V, O`, [a{Y, {g{Y {VÝh na gd¡ H$mohmZr Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&

N>R>r ~mahr bmoH$-~oX-{~{Y H$[a gw{dYmZ {~YmZr Ÿ&

am_ bIZ [anwXdZ âV Yao Zm_ b{bV Jwé kmZr Ÿ&Ÿ&12Ÿ&&

gwH¥$V-gw_Z {Vb -_moX ~m{g {~{Y OVZ -O§Ì [a WmZr &

gwI gZoh g~ {X`mo XgaWqh I[a Ibob {WaWmZr Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&

AZw{XV CX` CN>mh C_J OJ, Ka Ka AdY H$hmZr

Vwbgr am_ -OZ_-Og JmdV gmo g_mO Ca AmZr Ÿ&&14Ÿ&& Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

amJ Ho$Xmam

Ka Ka AdY ~YmdZo _§Jb gmO g_mO Ÿ&

gJwZ gmohmdZ _w{XV _Z H$a g~ {ZO {ZO H$mO Ÿ&

N>§.- {ZO H$m gOV g±dm[a nwa-Za-Zm[a aMZm AZJZr Ÿ&

J¥h, A{Oa, AQ>{Z, ~Oma, ~r{WÝh, Mma-Mm¡H¢$ {d{Y KZr Ÿ&&

Mm_a, nVmH$, {~VmZ, VmoaZ, H$bg, Xrnm~{b ~Zr Ÿ&

gwI-gwH¥$V -gmo m_` nwar {~{Y gw_{V -OZZr OZw OZr Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

Xmo. - M¡V MVwaX{g Mm±XZr, A_b w{XV {Z{gamO Ÿ&

116

ASw>JZ Ad{b àH$mght, C_JV AmZÝX gmO Ÿ&&

N>§.- AmZÝX C_JV AmOw, {~~wY {d_mZ {dnwb ~ZmBH¡$ Ÿ&

JmdV, ~OmdV, ZQ>V, hafV, gw_Z dafV AmB H¡$ Ÿ&&

Za {Za{I Z^, gwa Xo{I nwaN>{~, nagna gMw nmBH¡$ Ÿ&

aKwamO-gmO gam{h bmoMZ -bmhþ boV AKmBH¡$ Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

Xmo.- Om{J` am_ N>Q>r gO{Z aOZr é{Ma {Zhm[a Ÿ&

_§Jb _moX_‹T>r _wa{V Z¥n Ho$ ~mbH$ Mm[a Ÿ&&

N>§.- _ya{V _Zmoha Mm[a {~a{M {~a§{M na_maW^B© Ÿ&

AZwê$n yn{V Om{Z nyOZ-OmoJ {~{Y g§H$a XB© Ÿ&&

{VÝhH$s N>R>r, _§Owb_R>r, OJ gaZ {OÝhH$s gagB© Ÿ&

{H$E ZtX m{_{Z OmJaZ, A{âm{_Zr Om{_{Z B© Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

Xmo. godH$ gOJ Ê g_`, gmYZ g{Md gwOmZ Ÿ&

_w{Zda {gIE bm¡{H$H$m¡ d¡{XH$ {d{dY {dYmZ Ÿ&&

N>§.- ~¡{XH$ {dYmZ AZoH$ bm¡{H$H$ AmMaV _w{Z Om{ZH¡$ Ÿ&

~{bXmZ nyOm _yb H$m{_{Z gm{Y amIt Am{ZH¡$ Ÿ&&

Oo Xod Xodr goB`V {hV bm{J {MV gZ_m{ZH¡$ Ÿ&

Vo O§Ì _§Ì {gImB amIV g~{Z gm| n{hMm{ZH¡$ Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

Xmo. gH$b gwAm{g{Z Jwê$OZ nwaOZ nmhZbmoJ Ÿ&

{~~wY-{~bm{g{Z gwa _w{Z OmMH$ Omo Oo{h OmoJ Ÿ&&

N>§.- Oo{h OmoJ Oo V¡{h ^m±{V Vo n{hamB n[anyaZ {H$E Ÿ&

O` H$hV XoV Amgrg VwbgrXmg Á`m| hþbgV {hE Ÿ&&

Á`m| AmOw H$m{bhÿ nah±ÿ OmJZ hmoqhJo Zo~Vo {XE Ÿ&

Vo YÝ` nwÝ`-n`mo{Y Oo Vo{h g_¡ gwI-OrdZ {OEŸ&&5Ÿ&&

Xmo.- ^yn{V mJ ~{b gwa~a ZmJ gam{h {ghm§qh Ÿ&

{V`-~a~of Abr a_m {g{Y A{ZZm{X H$_mqh Ÿ&&

N>§.- A{Z_m{X, gmaX, g¡bZ§{XZr ~mb bmbqh nmbqh Ÿ&

^[a OZ_ Oo nmE Z Vo n[aVmof C_m a_m bht ŸŸ&&

117

{ZO bmoH$ {~gao bmoH$n{V, Ka H$s Z MaMm Mmbhr &

Vwbgr VnV {Vh±ÿ OJ, OZw à^wN>R>r N>m`m bhr Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

amJ O¡Vlr

~mOV AdY JhmJho AmZÝX -~YmE Ÿ&

Zm_H$aZ aKw~a{Z Ho$ Z¥n gw{XZ gmoYmE Ÿ&&

nm` aOm`gw am` H$mo [a{famO ~mobmE Ÿ&

{gî` g{Md godH$ gIm gmXa {ga ZmE Ÿ&&

gmYw gw_{V g_aW g~¡ gmZÝX {gImE Ÿ&

Ob, Xb, \$b _{Z-_y{bH$m, Hw${b H$mO {bImE Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

JZn Jm¡[a ha ny{OH¡$ Jmo~¥§X XwhmE Ÿ&

Ka Ka _wX _§Jb _hm JwZ-JmZ gwhmE Ÿ&&

VwaV _w{XV Oh± Vh± Mbo _Z Ho$ Ê ^mE Ÿ&

gwan{V-gmgZw KZ _Zm¡ _méV {_{b YmE Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

J¥h Am±JZ Mm¡hQ> Jbr ~mOma ~ZmE Ÿ&

H$bg M§da VmoaZ YwOm gw{~VmZ VZmE Ÿ&&

{MÌ Mmé Mm¡H¢$ aMmo {b{I Zm_ OZmE Ÿ&

^[a [a ga~a ~m{nH$m AaJOm gZmE Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

Za-Zm[aÝh nb Mm[a _| g~ gmO gOmE Ÿ&

XgaWnwa N>{~ AmnZr gwaZJa bOmE Ÿ&&

{~~wY {d_mZ ZmB H¡$ AmZ§{XV AmE Ÿ&

ha{f gw_Z ~afZ bJo JE YZ OZw nmE Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

~ao {~à Mhw± ~oX Ho$ a{dHw$b-Jwé kmZr Ÿ&

Amnw ~{gð>, AW~§Ur, _{h_m OJ OmZr Ÿ&&

bmoH$-ar{V {~{Y ~oX H$s H$[a H$ømo gw~mZr -

"{ggw g_oV ~o{J ~mo{bE H$m¡gë`m amZr' Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

gwZV gwAm{g{Z b¡ Mbr JmdV ~‹S> mJt Ÿ&

118

C_m a_m gmaX gMr b{I gw{Z AZwamJr§ Ÿ&&

{ZO é{M ~of {~a§{M H¡$ {h{b{_{b g§J bmJt Ÿ&

Vo{h Adga {Vhþ± bmoH$ H$s gwXgm OZw OmJt Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&

Mmé Mm¡H$ ~¡R>V Bª ^yn m{_Zr gmoh¢ Ÿ&

JmoX _moX -_ya{V {bE , gwH¥$Vr OZ Omoh¢ Ÿ&&

gwI gwI_m H$m¡VwH$ H$bm Xo{I gw{Z _w{Z _moh¢ Ÿ&

gmo g_mO H$h¢ ~a{ZH¡$ Eogo H${~ H$mo h¢ ? Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

bJo n‹T>Z aÀN>m -[aMm [a{famO {~amOo Ÿ&

JJZ gw_Z -P[a, OÒ`, ~hþ ~mOZ ~mOo Ÿ&&

Ê A_§Jb b§H$ _|, g~ g§H$Q> JmOo Ÿ&

^wdZ-Mm[aXg Ho$ ~‹S>o XwI-Xm[aX mOo Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

~mb {~bmo{H$ AWd©Ur h±{g haqh OZm`mo Ÿ&

gw H$mo gw , _moX _moX H$mo, am_ Zm_ gwZm`mo Ÿ&&

Amb~mb H$b H$m¡{gbm, Xb ~aZ gmohm`mo Ÿ&

H§$X gH$b AmZÝX H$mo OZw A§Hw$a Am`mo Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&

Omo{h Om{Z O{n Omo[a H¡$ H$anwQ> {ga amIo Ÿ&

"O` O` O` H$éUm{ZYo !' gmXa gwa ^mfo Ÿ&

gË`g§Y gm§Mo gXm Oo AmIa AmIo Ÿ&

àZVnmb nmE ghr Oo \$b A{^bmfo Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&

^y{_Xod Xo{IH¡$ ZaXod gwImar Ÿ&

~mo{b g{Md godH$ gIm nQ> Ym[a ^±S>mar Ÿ&&

Xohÿ Om{h OmoB Mm{hE gZ_m{Z g± mar Ÿ&

bJo XoZ {h` ha{f H¡$ ho[a ho[a h±H$mar Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&

am_ -{ZN>md[a boZ H$mo h{R> hmoV {Îmar Ÿ&

~hþ[a XoV Vo{h Xo{IE _mZhþ YZ-Ymar Ÿ&&

âV-bIZ, [anwXdZh±ÿ Yao Zm_ {~Mmar Ÿ&

\$bXm`H$ \$b Mm[a Ho$ XgaW -gwV Mmar Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&

119

Ê yn -~mbH${Z Ho$ Zm_ -{ZénZ ZrHo$ Ÿ&

g~¡ gmoM g§H$Q> {_Q>o V~ V| nwa-VrHo$ Ÿ&&

gw\$b _ZmoaW {~{Y {H$E g~ {d{Y g~hr Ho$ Ÿ&

A~ hmoBh¡ JmE gwZ g~ Ho$ Vwbgr Ho$ Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&

amJ {~bmdb

gw J goO gmo{^V H$m¡gë`m é{Ma am_-{ggw JmoX {bE Ÿ&

~ma ~ma {~YwdXZ {~bmoH${V bmoMZ Mmé MH$moa {H$E Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

H$~h±ÿ nm¡{‹T> n`nmZ H$amd{V, H$~h±ÿ amI{V bmB {hE Ÿ&

~mbHo${b Jmd{V hbamd{V, nwbH${V ào_-{n yf {nE Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

{~{Y _hog _w{Z gya {ghmV g~, XoIV A§~wX AmoQ> {XE Ÿ&

Vwb{gXmg Eogmo gwI aKwn{V n¡ H$mhÿ Vmo nm`mo Z {~E Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

amJ gmoaR>

ˆ¡ hm¡ bmb H$~qh ~‹S>o ~{b ^¡ m Ÿ&

am_ bIZ ^mdVo aV [anwXdZ Mmé Mma`mo ¡ m Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

~mb-{~^yfZ-~gZ _Zmoha A§J {ZV {~a{M ~Z¡hm¢ Ÿ&

gmo m {Za{I {ZN>md[a H$[a Ca bmB dmaZo O¡hm¢ Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

N>JZ -_JZ A±JZm Io{bhm¡ {_{b Rw>_wH$ Rw>_wH$ H$~ Y¡hm¡ Ÿ&

H$b~b dMZ VmoVao _§Owb H${h "_m±' _moqh ~wb¡hm¡ Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

nwaOZ g{Md amC amZr g~ godH$ gIm ghobr Ÿ&

b¡h¢ bmoMZ -bmhþ gw\$b b{I b{bV _ZmoaW -~obr Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

Om gwI H$mo bmbgm bQy> {gd, gwH$, gZH$m{X CXmgr

Vwbgr Vo{h gwIqgYw H$m¡{gbm _JZ, n¡ ào_-{n`mgr Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

120

nJ{Z H$~ M{bhm¡ Mmam¡ ¡ m ?

ào_ -nwb{H$ Ca bmB gwdZ g~ H$h{V gw{_Ìm _¡ m Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

gwÝXa VZw {ggw-~gZ -{~^yfZ ZI{gI {Za{I {ZH¡$`m Ÿ&

X{b V¥Z, àmZ {ZN>md[a H$[a H$[a boh¡ _mVw ~b¡ m Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

{H$bH${Z ZQ>{Z Mb{Z {MVd{Z {O {_b{Z _Zmoha V¡ m Ÿ&

_{Z-I§ {Z à{Vq~~-PbH$, N>{~ N>b{H$h¡ [a A±JZ¡ m Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

~mb{~ZmoX, _moX _§Owb {~Yw, brbm b{bV OwÝh¡ m Ÿ&

^yn{V nwÝ`-n`mo{Y C_§J, Ka Ka AmZÝX ~Y¡¡ m Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

ˆ¡h¢ gH$b gwH¥$V -gwI -^mOZ bmoMZ bmhw bQ>¡ m Ÿ&

AZm`mg nmBh¢ OZ_\$b VmVao ~MZ gwZ¡ m Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

âV, am_, [anwXdZ, bIZ Ho$ M[aV-g[aV AÝh~¡ m Ÿ&

Vwbgr V~ Ho$ go AOhþ± Om{ZE aKw~a-ZJa -~g¡ m Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&

amJ Ho$Xmam

Mwn[a C~{Q> AÝh~mBH¡$ Z`Z Am±Oo,

a{M é{M {VbH$ JmoamoMZ H$mo {H$`mo h¡ Ÿ&

^«yna AZyn _{g{~ÝXw, ~ma ~mT> ~ma,

{~bgV grg na ho[a ha¡ {h`mo h¡ Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

_moX -âr JmoX {bò bmb{V gw{_Ìm Xo{I,

Xod H$h¢ g~H$mo, gwH¥$V Cn{~`mo h¡ Ÿ&

_mVw {nVw {à`, n[aOZ, nwaOZ YÝ`,

nwÝ`nw§O no{I no{I ào_ag {n`mo h¡ Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

bmo{hV b{bV bKw MaZ-H$_b Mmé,

Mmb Mm{h gmo N>{~ gwH${~ {O` {O`mo h¡ Ÿ&

~mbHo${b ~mV~g Pb{H$ Pb_bV

gmo m H$s Xr`{Q> _mZmo ê$n Xrn {X`mo h¡ Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

121

am_-{ggw gmZwO M[aV Mmê$ JmB gw{Z,

gwOZZ gmXa OZ_-bmhþ {b`mo h¡ Ÿ&

Vwbgr {~hmB XgaW XgMm[anwa,

Eogo gwIOmoJ {~{Y {~aÁ`mo Z {~`mo h¡ Ÿ&Ÿ&4Ÿ&& &&10Ÿ&&

am_-{ggw JmoX-_hm_moX a XgaW,

H$m¡{gbmhþ bb{H$ bIZ bmb bE h¢ Ÿ&

âV gw{_Ìm bE, H¡$H$`r gÌwg_Z,

VZ ào_-nwbH$, _JZ _Z E h¢ Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

_o‹T>r bQ>H$Z _m§{Z-H$ZH$-a{MV, ~mb-

^yfZ ~ZmB AmN>o A§J A§J R>E h¢ Ÿ&

Mm{h MwMwH$m[a My{_ bmbV, bmdV Ca,

V¡go \$b nm~V O¡go gw~rO ~E h¢ Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

KZAmoQ> {~~wY {~bmo{H$ ~aIV \w$b,

AZwHy$b dMZ H$hV Zoh ZE h¢ Ÿ&

Eogo {nVw, _mVw, nyV, {à`, n[aOZ {d{Y,

Om{Z`V Am`w [a oB© {Za_mE h¢ Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

"AOa A_a hmohþ' "H$am¡ h[a ha N>mohþ'

OaR> OR>o[aÝh Am{ga~mX XE h¢ Ÿ&

Vwbgr gamh¡ mJ {VÝhHo$ {OÝhHo$ {hE,

{S> -am_ê$n -AZwamJ -a§J aE h¢ Ÿ&&4Ÿ&& Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&

amJ Amgmdar

(12)

AmOw AZago h¢ ^moa Ho$, n` {n`V Z ZrHo$ Ÿ&

ahV Z ~¡R>o R>m‹T>o, nmbZo PwbmdVhÿ, amodV am_ _oamo, gmo gmoM g~hr Ho$ Ÿ&&

Xod, {nVa, J«h ny{OE Vwbm bm¡{bE Kr Ho$ Ÿ&

122

VX{n H$~h±ÿ H$~h±þH$ gIr Eogo{h AaV O~, naV Ñ{ï> Xwï> VrHo$ Ÿ&&

~o{J ~mo{b Hw$bJwé Nw>Amo _mWo hmW A_r Ho$ Ÿ&

gwZV AmB [a{f Hw$g hao Zaqgh _§Ì n‹T>o Omo, gw{_aV ^` ^r Ho$ Ÿ&&

Omgw Zm_ g~©g gXm{gd nma~Vr Ho$ Ÿ&

Vm{h Pamd{V H$m¡{gbm, h ar{V àr{V H$s {h` hþbg{V Vwbgr Ho$ Ÿ&&

_mWo hmW [a{f O~ {X`mo am_ {H$bH$Z bmJo Ÿ&

_{h_m g_w{P, brbm{~bmo{H$, Jwé gOb Z`Z, VZw nwbH$, amo_-amo_ OmJ¡ Ÿ&&

{bE JmoX , YmE JmoX V| _moX _w{Z _Z AZwamJo Ÿ&

{Za{I _mVw hafr {hE Ambr AmoQ> H$h{V _¥Xw dMZ ào_ Ho$-go nmJo Ÿ&&

Vwåh gwaVé aKw~§g Ho$, XoV A{^_V _m±Jo Ÿ&

_oao {~go{f J{V amdar Vwbgr àgmX OmHo$ gH$b A_§Jb ^mJo Ÿ&&

A{_` -{~bmoH${Z H$[a H¥$nm _w{Z~a O~ OmoE Ÿ&

V~ V| am_ Aé âV bfZ [anwXdZ , gw_w{I g{I ! gH$b, gwdZ gwI gmoE Ÿ&&

gw{_Ìm bm` {hE \${Z _{Z Á`m| JmoE Ÿ&

Vwbgr ZoN>md[a H$a{V _mVw A{Vào_, _JZ _Z, gOb gwbmoMZ H$moE Ÿ&&

_mVw gH$b, Hw$bJwé-~Yy, {à` gIr gwhmB© Ÿ&

gmXa g~ _§Jb {H$E _{h-_{Z-_hog na g~{Z gwYoZw Xw‹hmB© Ÿ&&

~mo{b yn ygwa {bE A{V {dZ` ~hmB© Ÿ&

ny{O nm`± gZ_m{Z XmZ {XE b{h Agrg gw{Z, ~af¢ gw_Z gwagmBª Ÿ&&

Ka -Ka nwa ~mOZ bJt AmZÝX ~YmB© Ÿ&

gwI gZoh Vo{h g_` H$mo Vwbgr OmZ¡ OmH$mo Mmoa² mo, h¡ {MV Mh±þ ^mB© Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&

amJ YZmlr

`m {ggw Ho$ JwZ- Zm_- ~‹S>mB© Ÿ&

H$mo H${h gH¡$ gwZhþ Zan{V lrn{V g_mZ à^wVmB© Ÿ&&

OÚ{n ~w{Y, ~`, ê$n, grb, JwZ g_` Mmé Mma² m¡ ^mB© Ÿ&

VX{n bmob-bmoMZ -MH$moa-g{g am_ JV-gwIXmB© Ÿ&&

123

gwa,Za, _w{Z H$[a A^`, XZwO h{V, h[a{h Ya{Z JéAmB© Ÿ&

H$sa{V {d_b {dñd -AK_moM{Z a{h{h gH$b OJ N>mB© Ÿ&&

`mHo$ MaZ -gamoO H$nQ> V{O Oo ^{Oh¢ _Z bmB© Ÿ&

Vo Hw$b OwJb g{hV V[ah¢ ^d, `h Z H$Ny> A{YH$mB© Ÿ&&

gw{Z Jwé~MZ nwbH$ VZ X§n{V , haf Z öX` g_mB© Ÿ&

Vwb{gXmg Adbmo{H$ _mVw-_wI à^w _Z _| _wgwH$mB© Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&

amJ {dbmdb

AdY AmOw AmJ_r EHw$ Am`mo Ÿ&

H$aVb {Za{I H$hV g~ JwZJZ , ~hþV Z n[aMm¡ nm`mo Ÿ&&

~y‹T>mo ~‹S>mo à_m{ZH$ ~«m÷Z g§H$a Zm_ gwhm`mo Ÿ&

g§J gw{gî`, gwZV H$m¡gë`m rVa dZ ~wbm`mo Ÿ&&

nm§ nIm[a ny{O {X`mo AmgZ, AgZ ~gZ n{ham`mo Ÿ&

_obo MaZ Mmé Mma² mo gwV _mWo hmW {Xdm`mo Ÿ&&

ZI{gI ~mb {~bmo{H$ {~àVZw nwbH$, Z`Z Ob N>m`mo Ÿ&

b¡ b¡ JmoX H$_b -H$a {ZaIV, Ca à_moX Z A_m`m¡ Ÿ&&

OZ_ àg§J H$øm¡, H$m¡{gH$ {_{g gr` ñd`§~a Jm`mo Ÿ&

am_, âV, [anwXdZ, bIZ H$mo O` gwI gwOg gwZm`mo Ÿ&&

Vwb{gXmg a{Zdmg ahg~g, `mo g~H$mo _Z m`mo Ÿ&

gZ_mÝ`m¡ _{hXod AgrgV gmZÝX gXZ {gYm`mo Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&

amJ HoXmam

nm¡{‹T>E bmbZ, nmbZo hm¢ Pybmdm¢ Ÿ&

H$a, nX, _wI, MI H$_b bgV b{I bmoMZ -^±da ^wbmdm¢ Ÿ&&

~mb-{~ZmoX-_moX _§Owb_{Z {H$bH${Z Im{Z Iwbmdm¢ Ÿ&

VoB AZwamJ VmJ Jw{h~o H$h± _{V _¥JZ`{Z ~wbmdm¢ Ÿ&&

Vwbgr {ZV br m{_{Z Ca gmo n{hamB \w$bmdm¢ Ÿ&

Mmé M[aV aKwda Voao Vo{h {_{b JmB MaZ {MVw bmdm¢ Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&

124

gmoBE bmb bm{S>bo aKwamB©

_JZ _moX {bE JmoX gw{_Ìm ~ma ~ma ~{b OmB© Ÿ&&

h±go h±gV, AZago AZagV, à{Vq~~{Z Á`m| Pm§B© Ÿ&

Vw_ g~Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ OrdZ, gH$b gw_§JbXmB© Ÿ&&

_yb _yb, gwa~r{W -~o{b, V_ - Vmo_-gwXb A{YH$mB© Ÿ&

ZIV-gw_Z, Z^-{~nQ> ~m¡{S> _mZmo N>nm {N>Q>{H$ N>{~ N>mB© Ÿ&&

hm¡ O± mV AbgmV VmV ! Voar ~m{Z Om{Z _¢ nmB© Ÿ&

JmB JmB hbamB ~mo{bhm¢ gwI ZtXar gwhmB© Ÿ&&

~N>é N>~rbmo N>JZ-_JZ _oao H$h{V _ëhmB _ëhmB© Ÿ&

gmZwO {h` hþbg{V Vwbgr Ho$ à^w H$s b{bV b[aH$mB© Ÿ&&16Ÿ&&

bbZ bmoZo boéAm ~{b _¡ m Ÿ&

gwI gmoBE ZtX ~o[a`m B© Mmé-M[aV Mma² m¡ ¡ m Ÿ&&

H$h{V _ëhmB bmB Ca {N>Z {N>Z N>JZ N>~rbo N>moQ>o N>¡ m Ÿ&

_moX-H§$X Hw$b-Hw$_wX-M§Ð _oao am_MÝÐ aKwa¡ m Ÿ&&

aKwda ~mbHo${b g§VZ H$s gw J gw X gwaJ¡ m Ÿ&

Vwbgr Xw{h nrdV gwI OrdV n` gào_ KZr K¡ m Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&

gwI ZtX H$h{V Am{b AmBhm¢ Ÿ&

am_, bIZ, [anwXdZ, âV {ggw H$[a g~ gw_wI gmoAmBhm¢ Ÿ&&

amo~{Z, Ymod{Z, AZIm{Z, AZag{Z, {S>{R>-_w{R> {ZRw>a ZgmBhm¢ Ÿ&

h±gm{Z, Iob{Z, {H$bH${Z, AmZÝX{Z yn{V-^dZ ~gmBhm¢ Ÿ&&

JmoX {~ZmoX _moX_` _ya{V ha{f ha{f hbamBhm¢ Ÿ&

VZw {Vb {Vb H$[a, ~m[a am_ na b¡hm¢ amJ ~bmB hm¢ Ÿ&&

amZr amC g{hV gwV n[aOZ {Za{I Z`Z-\$b nmBhm¢ Ÿ&

Mmé M[aV aKwd§e-{VbH$ Ho$ Vh± Vwbgr {_{b JmBhm¢ Ÿ&&18Ÿ&&

125

amJ Amgmdar

H$ZH$-aVZ-_` nmbZr aÀ`mo _Zhþ± _ma-gwVhma Ÿ&

{d{dY Iobm¡Zm qH${H$Zr bmJo _§Owb _wHw$Vmhma Ÿ&&

aKwHw$b-_§S>Z am_ bbm Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

OZ{Z C~{Q> AÝhdmBH¡$ _{Z^yfZ g{O {bE JmoX Ÿ&

nm¡‹T>mE nQw> nmbZo, {ggw {Za{I _JZ _Z _moX Ÿ&&

XgaWZ§XZ am_ bbm Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

_XZ _moa Ho$ M§X H$s PbH${Z {ZXa{V VZw-Omo{V Ÿ&

Zrb H$_b, _{Z ObX H$s Cn_m H$ho bKw _{V hmo{V Ÿ&&

_mVw-gwH¥$V-\$b am_ bbm Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

bKw, bKw bmo{hV b{bV h¢ nX, nm{Z AYa EH$ a§J Ÿ&

H$mo H${d Omo N>{d H${h gH¡$ ZI{gI gwÝXa g~ A§J Ÿ&&

n[aOZ - a§OZ am_ bbm Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

nJ Zynwa H${Q> qH$H$Zr, H$a qH$H$Zr nh±þMr _§Ow Ÿ&

{h` h[aZI AX² wV dÝ`m¡ _Zmo _Z{gO _{Z-JZ-J§Ow Ÿ&&

nwaOZ-{ga_{Z am_ bbm Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

bmoMZ Zrb gamoO-go, «yna _{g-{~ÝXw {~amO Ÿ&

OZw {~Yw-_wI-N>{~-A{_` H$mo aÀN>H$ amIo agamO Ÿ&&

gmo mgmJa am_ bbm Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&

J^wAmar AbH$mdbr bg¡, bQ>H$Z b{bV bbmQ> Ÿ&

OZw CSy>JZ {dYw {_bZ H$mo Mbo V_ {~Xm[a H$[a ~mQ> Ÿ&&

ghO gmohmdZmo am_ bbm Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

Xo{I Iobm¡Zm {H$bH$ht, nX nm{Z {dbmoMZ bmob Ÿ&

{d{MÌ {dh±J A{b ObO Á`m¢ gwI_m-ga H$aV H$bmob Ÿ&&

^JV-H$ënVé am_ bbm Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

~mb-~mob {~Zw AaW Ho$ gw{Z XoV nXmaW Mm[a Ÿ&

OZw BÝh ~MZpÝh V| E gwaVé Vmng {Ìnwam[a Ÿ&&

126

Zm_-H$m_YwH$ am_ bbm Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&

gIr gw{_Ìm ~mahr _{Z yfZ ~gZ {~^mJ Ÿ&

_Ywa PbmB _ëhmdht Jmd¢ C_§{J C_§{J AZwamJ Ÿ&&

h¢ OJ-_§Jb am_ bbm Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&

_moVr Om`mo grn _| Aé A{X{V OÝ`mo OJ-^mZw Ÿ&

aKwn{V Om`mo H$m¡{gbm JwZ-_§Jb-ê$n-{ZYmZw Ÿ&&

wdZ-{d yfZ am_ bbm Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&

am_ àJQ> O~ V¡| Ê JE gH$b A_§Jb _yb Ÿ&

_rV _w{XV, {hV C{XV h¢, {ZV ~¡[aZ Ho$ {MV gyb Ÿ&&

^d-^`- §OZ am_ bbm Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&

AZwO gIm {ggw g§J b¡ IobZ O¡h¢ Mm¡JmZ Ÿ&

b§H$m Iaâ na¡Jmo, gwanwa ~m{Oh¢ {ZgmZ Ÿ&&

[anwJZ-J§OZ am_ bbm Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&

am_ Ahoao MbqhJo O~ JO aW ~m{O g§dm[a Ÿ&

XgH§$Ya Ca YH$YH$s A~ O{Z Ymd¡ YZw Ym[a Ÿ&&

A[a-H$[a-Ho$h[a am_ bbm Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&

JrV gw{_Ìm g{IÝh H¡$ gw{Z gw{Z gwa _w{Z AZwHy$b Ÿ&

X¡ Agrg O` O` H$h¢ haf¢ ~af¢ \y$b Ÿ&&

gwa-gwIXm`H$ am_ bbm Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&

~mbM[aV-_` M§Ð_m h gmoah-H$bm-{ZYmZ Ÿ&

{MV MH$moa Vwbgr {H$`mo H$a ào_-A{_`-ag nmZ Ÿ&&

Vwbgr H$mo OrdZ am_ bbm Ÿ&&16Ÿ&&19Ÿ&&

amJ H$mÝham

nmbZo aKwn{Vqh Pbmd¡ Ÿ&

b¡ b¡ Zm_ gào_ ñda H$m¡gë`m H$b H$sa{V Jmd¡ Ÿ&&

Ho${H$H$§R> Xw{V, ñ`m_ ~aZ dnw, ~mb-{d^yfZ {~a{M ~ZmE Ÿ&

127

AbH¡$ Hw${Q>b, b{bV bQ>H$Z ^y«, Zrb Z{bZ XmoC Z`Z gwhmE Ÿ&&

{ggw gw m` gmohV O~ H$a J{h ~XZ {ZH$Q> nX nëbd bmE Ÿ&

_Zh±þ gw J OwJ ^wOJ ObO ^[a boV gwYm g{g gm| gMw nmE Ÿ&&

Cna AZyn {~bmo{H$ Iobm¡Zm {H$bH$V nw{Z nw{Z nm{Z ngmaV Ÿ&

_Zh±þ C^` A§ moO AéZ gm| {~Yw-^` {~Z` H$aV A{V AmaV Ÿ&&

Vwb{gXmg ~hþ-~mg {~~g A{b gwOV gwN>{d Z Om{V ~ImZr Ÿ&

_Zh±þ gH$b ów{V [aMm _Ywn ¡ {~gX gwOg ~ZaV da ~mZr Ÿ&&20Ÿ&&

3.8 eãXmW© :1.11 - gH¥$V = EH$

2.10 - Aghr XwIhr = Ûofr, d¡ar ({OÝh| ^bmB© Agø `m Xw:gh hmo ) Ÿ&

2.11- T>mod = ^|Q> H$s dñVw O~ _§Jb Ho$ Adga na ^ma _| â H$a ôOVo h¢ Ÿ& JmZ H$[a =JrVm| _| Zm_ bo bo H$a Ÿ&

2.13 - mCO = Vmgm Ÿ& Vma, _§Oram Ÿ&

2.15 - CKQ>qh = ~ma -~ma EH$ hr nX H$mo H$hVo h¢ Ÿ&

2.21 - ghZ ^±S>ma = ~mhar IOmZm Ÿ& H$~ma = boZ XoZ Ÿ&

3-4 - ~E = H$ho Ÿ&

4-4 - {_bo{h _m±P = gmW hr Ÿ&

4-13 - Ibob = Vob H$s _¡b `m JmX Ÿ& {WaWmZr = bmoH$nmb Am{X pñWa ñWmZ dmbo Ÿ&

5-6 - H$_mqh = godm `m H$m_ H$aVr h¡ Ÿ&

6-5 - ~ao = ~aU {H$`m Ÿ&

6-10 - AmIo - H$ho Ÿ&

6-11- Za Xod = amOm

6-12 - YZYmar = Hw$~oa

10- Cn{d`mo h¡ = CX` hþAm h¡ Ÿ& Xrn = Xrá, M_H$Vm hþAm Ÿ&

11- _o‹T>r = AmJo Ho$ ~mb H$mo XmoZm| Amoa Jy§W H$a ~rM H$s MmoQ>r Ho$ gmW ~m§Y XoVo h¢, {Ogo_o‹T>r H$hVo h¢ Ÿ&

128

12 - ^r = S>a

14 - AmJ_r = X¡dk, Á`mo{Vfr Ÿ&

17 - boéAm = ~N>dm Ÿ& K¡ m = WZgo {ZH$bVr hþB© XyY H$s Yma

18 - {S>R>r _w{R> = S>rR> _yR>, ZOa Am¡a Q>moZm Ÿ&

19-1- gwVhma = ImQ>~rZZo dmbm ~‹T>B© Ÿ&

19-6 - _{g{~ÝXw = {S>R>m¡Zm Ÿ&

19-7 - J^wAmar = J^© AWm©V² noQ> H$s Ÿ&

19-9 - H$m_YwH$ = H$m_YoZw Ÿ&

3.9 DeY³eeme àíZ : * (XrK© CÎma _ybH$)

1. JrVmdbr H$s H$mì`mË_H$ {deofVmE± ~VmBE Ÿ&

2. ^{º$ag H$m nyU© n[anmH$ 'JrVmdbr' _| O¡gm hþAm h¡ d¡gm AÝ`Ì Zht -

à_m{UV H$s{OE Ÿ&

3. 'JrVmdbr' Ho$ n{R>Vm§e Ho$ AmYma na Vwbgr H$s ^{º$ -^mdZm na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

4. 'JrVmdbr' Ho$ H$WmZH$ H$m {díbofU H$s{OE Ÿ&

5. 'JrVmdbr' Ho$ H$bm -nj na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

* AmbmoMZmË_H$ g§{já àíZ :1. 'JrVmdbr' Ho$ AmYma na Vwbgr Ho$ Xme©{ZH$ -{dMma ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&

2. ""Vwbgr H$s ^mfm ghO-gab Am¡a ~moYJå` h¡'' -

Bg C{º$ H$s gmW©H$Vm na {dMma H$s{OE Ÿ&

3. 'JrVmdbr' Ho$ md-nj H$mo ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&

4. 'JrVmdbr' EH$ CËH¥$ï> aMZm h¡ - à_m{UV H$s{OE Ÿ&

129

* bKyÎmar àíZ : {ZåZ{b{IV H$s gàg§J ì`m»`m H$s{OE :

1. `m {eew Ho$ JwZ Zm_ ~‹S>mB© ...... _wgwH$mB© Ÿ&

2. gwI ZtX H$h{V Am{b AmBhm¢ .......... JmBhm¢ Ÿ&

3. nmbZ aKwn{Vqh Pwbmd¡ .......... da dmZr Ÿ&

3.10 g§X^© J«§W :1 JrVmdbr - JrVmàog, JmoaInwa

2. Jmoñdm_r VwbgrXmg : ì`{º$Ëd, OrdZ Am¡a gm{hË` - S>m°. am_XÎm ^maÛmO

3. Vwbgr Xe©Z - ~bXod à_mX {_l

4. Vwbgr J«§Wmdbr - am_MÝÐ ewŠb

5. Vwbgr Am¡a CZH$m H$mì` - S>m°. am_XÎm ^maÛmO Ÿ&

***

130

Ÿ

3. (I)H${dVmdbr :3.1 J«§W n[aM`3.2 aMZmH$mb3.3 H$mì` ê$n3.4 dÊ`© {df`3.5 ^md nj3.6 H$bm nj3.7 _yb nmR>3.8 eãXmW©3.9 DeY³eeme àíZ

3.10 g§X^© J«§W

Unit -III

(I) H${dVmdbr

131

(I) H${dVmdbr

3.1 J«§W n[aM`H${dVmdbr Vwbgr H$s Eogr H¥${V h¡ {Og_| CZH$m ì`{º$Ëd am_ _{h_m Ho$ gmW XoeH$mb Ho$

VmXmËå` H$aVm hþAm EH$ g§Kf©erb gO©ZmË_H$ bmoH$_§JbmH$m§jr ^º$ Ho$ ê$n _| àH$[QV> hmoVm h¡ Ÿ&BgH¥${V _| {df`dñVw Bg àH$ma h¡ -

Bg_| ~mbH$m§S>, A`moÜ`mH$m§S>, AaÊ`H$m§S>, {H$pî_ÝYmH$m§S>, gwÝXaH$m§S>, b§H$mH$m§S> Am¡aCÎmaH$m§S> h¢ Ÿ& ~mbH$mÊS> _| ~mbê$n H$s Pm§H$s, ~mbbrbm, YZwf-`k, naewam_ -bú_U g§dmX h¢ Ÿ&A`moÜ`mH$m§S> _| dZ-J_Z, Ho$dQ> H$m nX àjmbZ, dZ _| am_ `mÌm H$m dU©Z, AaÊ` -{Zdmg h¡ Ÿ&AaÊ`H$mÊS> Am¡a {H$pîH$ÝYm H$mÊS> _| Ho$db EH$-EH$ nX "_arMmZwYmdZ', hZw_mZOr H$m g_wÐb§KZ h¡ Ÿ& gwÝXa H$mÊS> _| AemoH$dZ, b§H$m-XhZ, AemoH$ dm{Q>H$m go hZw_mZ H$s {dXmB© h¡ Ÿ& b§H$mH$mÊS> _| amjgm| H$s qMVm, {ÌOQ>m H$m AmídmgZ, g_wÐ nma H$aZm, A§JX H$m XyV-H$_©, _ÝXmoXar-amdU g§dmX, amjg-dmZa g§J«m_, bú_U -_yÀN>m©, am_-amdU wÕ H$m AÝV d{U©V h¡ Ÿ& CÎma H$mÊS>_| {dZ`, CX²~moYZ, am_-_{h_m, Zm_-_{h_m, Zm_ {dídmg, H${b dU©Z, am_ H$s{Îm© -JmZ {MÌHy$Q>dU©Z, à`mJ -gwf_m dU©Z, J§Jm _mhmËå`, AÞnyUm©- {dídZmW _mhmËå` Am{X d{U©V h¡ Ÿ& H$mer _|H${dVmdbr _| Hw$b 425 nX h¢ Ÿ& `h EH$ _wº$H$ H$mì` h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ àËòH$ nX AnZo _| nyU© h¢ Ÿ&H${dVmdbr Ho$ CÎma H$mÊS> _| Vwbgr Ho$ OrdZ go g§~Õ AZoH$ nX h¢ Ÿ& Vwbgr Ho$ OrdZ _| {d{^Þg_`m| na aMo JE nX Bg_| h¢ Ÿ& Bg_| nXm| H$mo H${dÎm g§km Xr JB© h¡ Ÿ& H${dÎm Ho$ AÝVJ©V gd¡ mYZmjar, N>ßnÀm N>§X AmVo h¢ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo PybZm N>§X H$mo r BgHo$ ^rVa g_m{hV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

H${dVmdbr _|o H${dÎm, YZmjar, gd¡ o VWm N>ßn` N>§X h¢ BgH$s ^mfm ewÕ ~«O h¡ Ÿ& Bg_|am_M[aV H$m§S>H«$_ go d{U©V h¡ Ÿ& Bgna h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ o EH$ gmW Bg H«$_ go Zht ~Zo h¢ Ÿ&àË`wV dmX H$mo Bg H«$_ go g§J¥hrV {H$E JE h¢ Ÿ& BZ_| Xadmar VWm ^mQ>m| H$s e¡br Ho$ H${dÎm ^rh¢ ŸAm¡a ûm¥§Jm[aH$m r Ÿ& ñdOrdZ g§~§Yr hZw_mZ ~mhþH$ r n[a{eï> ê$n _| aMH$a Bg_| Omo‹S>m J`m h¡ Ÿ&`h H«$_~Õ ê$n _| a{MV à~§Y J«§W Zht h¡ Ÿ& gm{hpË`H$ e¡br Ho$ {dnarV gwÝXa H$m§S> H$s AmoOnyU©Ed§ àgmXJwU nyU© e¡br _hËdnyU© h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ CÎmaH$m§S> Ho$ A{YH$m§e nX {dZ` n{ÌH$m Ho$ nXm| go _obImVo h¢ - Bg_| am_ Ho$ ~mbê$n H$s Pm±H$s, YZwf^§J àg§J, dZdmg àg§J, _mJ© _| OmVo hþE ê$n H$moXoIH$a _mJ©dmgr OZm| Ho$ ^md, b§H$mXhZ, hZw_mZ bjU Am{X Ho$ `wÕ Ho$ ~‹S>o _Zmoa_ àg§J d{U©Vh¡ Ÿ& CÎmaH$m§S> Ho$ H${b`wJ H$s Xem H$m dU©Z ~‹S>m _m{_©H$ h¡ Ÿ&

132

3.2 aMZmH$mb :H${dVmdbr Ho$ aMZmH$mb Ho$ ~mao _| n§. am_Zaoe {ÌnmR>r g§. 1615 H$mo Ama§ H$mb Am¡a

g§.1680 BgH$s g_m{á _mZVo h¢ Ÿ& S>m°. _mVmàgmX Jwá BgH$m aMZm H$mb g§. 1616-80 _mZVo h¢ Ÿ&S>m°. CX`^mZw qgh Zo BgH$m aMZmH$mb g§. 1631 Am¡a 1680 Ho$ _Ü` {ZU© {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$maBgHo$ aMZH$mb Ho$ ~mao _| {dÛmZm| _| _VôX h¡ Ÿ&

dñVwV: h EH$ g§J«h J«§W h¡ Ÿ& g_` g_` na {bIo JE nXm| H$mo Bg_| g§H${bV {H$`m J`mh¡ Ÿ& md J§ raVm _| _pÊS>V o gmao nX h¢ Am¡a gmW H${dËd e{º$ Ho$ n[aMm`H$ r Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo H$B© N>ÝXm|_| AnZr d¥ÕmdñWm H$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| H${d Ho$ àma§{^H$ OrdZ go boH$a _¥Ë`w n`©ÝV a{MV N>ÝXnmE OmVo h¢ Ÿ&

OrdZ Ho$ ApÝV_ g_` Vwbgr amoJJ«ñV Wo Am¡a _hm_mar H$s$ MnoQ> _| ^r Am JE Wo Ÿ&

Am{Y^yV - ~oXZ {df_ hmoV yVZmW Ÿ&

Vwbgr {~H$b, nm{h nMV Hw$nra h¢ Ÿ&

_m[aò Vm¡ AZm`mg H$mgrdmg Img \$b,

Á`mBE Vm¡ H¥$nm H$[a {ZéO eara hm¢ Ÿ&& ( 7-166)

* * *

Vwbgr g^rV -nmb gw{_ao H¥$nmbw am_ ;

g_` gH$éZm gam{h gZH$a Xr Ÿ& (7-183)

Bg_| `h ñnï> hmoVm h¡ {H$ CZHo$ OrdZ H$mb _| hr _hm_mar H$m àH$mon emÝV hmo J`m Wm Ÿ&A§{V_ AdñWm _| em`X amoJ _wº$ hmo Jò hm| ; h AdñWm am_ H$s H¥$nm H$m à^md Á`mo{V ~Z H$a Xrn{Zdm©U H$s Á`mo{V O¡gr hmo gH$Vr h¡ ; Eogm AZw_mZ bJm`m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

3.3 H$mì` ê$n :Bg J«§W _| md `m {df` go g§~§{YV AZoH$ N>§X h¢ Ÿ& _mZg H$s m±{V Bg J«§g H$mo H$mÊS>m| _|

{d^m{OV {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| Ymamdm{hH$Vm Zht h¡ Ÿ& am_ H$Wm Ho$ {~Iao IÊS> {MÌm| H$mo nydm©na H«$_go g§ mo{OV H$a {X`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& am_ Ho$ OrdZ go g§~§{YV AnZr KQ>ZmAm| H$mo N>mo‹S> {X`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& Bggoà~§Y -ag H$s AZw y{V Zht hmo nmVr h¡ Ÿ&

Bg J«§W _| {H$gr r nmÌ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m gdmªJ {Zê$nU Zht hmo nm`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg H$mì` Ho$ Zm`H$am_ H$m M[aÌ r ì`dpñWV ê$n go {M{ÌV Zht h¡ Ÿ& bo{H$Z CZHo$ º$ hZw_mZ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m à^mdembr

133

dU©Z gwÝXa H$mÊS> VWm b§H$mH$mÊS> _| {XImB© XoVm h¡ Ÿ& Bg H¥${V _| {H$gr EH$ {d{eï> ag H$s ì`§OZmÜd{ZV Zht hmoVr, {Oggo AÝ` ag A§J Ho$ ê$n _| Üd{ZV hmo Ÿ& Bg Ñ{ï> go XoIm Om` Vmo `h J«§W_wº$H$ "H$mì`' H$s H$mo{Q> _| Am gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& dñVwV: Bg J«§W H$mo AmÚ-àmÝV XoIZo go nVm MbVm h¡{H$ `h H${d Ho$ {d{^Þ g_` na {bIo JE ñdV§Ì N>§Xm| H$m g§J«h h¡ Ÿ& S>m°. CX`^mZw qgh Ho$ AZwgma`h EH$ _wº$H$ H$mì` h¡ , {Og_| _wº$H$ Ho$ g^r ôX nmò OmVo h¢ Ÿ&

(Vwbgr H$mì` _r_m§gm -n¥. -476)

3.4 dÊ`© {df` :`h H$mì` am_H$Wm Ho$ IÊS>-{MÌm| H$s EH$ {MÌembm O¡gr h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| H${d Zo Cg g_` Ho$

g_mO Am¡a OrdZ -{MÌ H$mo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| ^md nj H$s g~bVm XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ&~mbH$mÊS> _| {eew am_ Ho$ ~mbê$n go boH$a ga`yVQ> na AmIoQ> H«$s‹S>m VH$ H$m _m{_©H$ dU©Z h¡ Ÿ&YZwf `k H$m Am§{eH$ dU©Z H$aHo$ ~a~Yy am_grVm H$s Pm§H$s àñVwV H$s J`r h¡ Ÿ& VXZÝVa naewam_Ho$ H$mon, {dídm{_Ì Ûmam {XE JE n[aM` Ho$ gmW ~mbH$mÊS> H$s g_m{á h¡ Ÿ&

A`moÜ`mH$mÊS> H$m àma§ am_ Ho$ dZ-J_Z go hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Xmo N>§Xm| _| H$m¡eë`m H$s doXZm Am¡agw{_Ìm Ûmam Xr JB© gm§ËdZm Ho$ ~mX Ho$dQ> àg§J H$m ~‹S>m ^mdnyU© dU©Z A§{H$V {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& grVmHo$ l_ Am¡a am_ Ho$ ào_ H$m dU©Z ~‹S>m _m{_©H$ h¡ Ÿ&

AaÊ`H$mÊS> _| Ho$db EH$ hr N>§X h¡ Ÿ& {Og_| _m[aM ~Y H$m g§Ho$V _mÌ h¡ Ÿ&

gwÝXa H$mÊS> H$m Ama§ AemoH$dm{Q>H$m Ho$ dU©Z Ho$ gmW hþAm h¡ Ÿ& Xmo N>§Xmo Ho$ ~mXb§H$mH$mÊS> H$m dU©Z Ama§ H$a {X`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| b§H$m H$s XwJ©{V H$m {MÌU h¡ Ÿ&

b§H$mH$mÊS> Ho$ Ama§ _| {ÌOQ>m -grVm g§dmX h§¡ Ÿ& _ÝXmoXar H$m amdU H$mo nam_e© XoZmd{U©V h¡ Ÿ& wÕ H$m dU©Z {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& hZw_mZ H$m emo ©, aUH$m¡eb d{U©V h¡ Ÿ& bú_U Ho$ _ypÀN>©VhmoZo na emoH$ H$m dU©Z h¡ Ÿ& A§{V_ N>§X _| am_ Ho$ qghmgZmé‹T> hmoZo H$m dU©Z h¡ ŸAm¡a BgHo$ gmW hrJ«§W _| ht na am_H$Wm H$m dU©Z g_má hmo OmVm h¡ Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ "CÎmaH$mÊS>' am_H$Wm go g§n¥º$ Zht h¡ Ÿ&am_ H$s ^º$dËgbVm, X`mbwVm, CXmaVm, n{VVnmdZVm Ed§ eaUmJVdËgbVm BË`m{X H$m {dñVmanyd©H$ dU©Z h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zo AnZr XrZVm H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE AnZo àma§{^H$ OrdZ Ho$ H$ï>m| H$m dU©Z{H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo am_ Ho$ à{V AnZr AZÝ` ^{º$ à{Vnm{XV H$aVo hþE AnZo OrdZ H$mo am__`{M{ÌV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

CÝhm|Zo H${b Ho$ à^md Ho$ ~hmZo dUm©l_ Y_© Ho$ õmg, amOm Am¡a A{YH$m[a`m| Ho$ AË`mMmag_mO Ho$ nVZ, Xw{^©jO{ZV OZVm Ho$ H$ï>, _hm_mar Ho$ àH$mon Xm[aÐ² XmZd H$s VmÊS>d Z¥Ë` H$mdU©Z {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& g§gma H$s ZídaVm VWm j{UH$Vm, ^m¡{VH$ g_¥{Õ H$s AgmaVm à_m{UV H$aVo hþE

134

CÝhm|Zo {º$ H$s àoaUm Xr h¡ Ÿ& J§Jm Or Ho$ _hËd, à^md H$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Xodr AU©nyUm© Am¡a nmd©VrH$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ CÎma H$mÊS> d¡{dÜ`nyU© dU©Z go ânya h¡ Ÿ&

3.5 ^md nj :agn[anmH$ H$s Ñ{ï> go "H${dVmdbr' CËH¥$ï> H$mo{Q> H$m H$mì` h¡ Ÿ& Bggo Vwbgr EH$ ag{gÕ

H${d Ho$ ê$n _| à_m{UV hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg H¥${V _| g^r agm| H$s A{^ì`§OZm hþB© h¡ Ÿ&

dmËgë` ag H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE H${d {eew am_ Ho$ gm¡ÝX`© H$m dU©Z H$aVo h¢ Ÿ&

H$dhÿ± e{e_m§JV Am[a H$a¢, H$~h±ÿ à{V{~å~ {Zhm[a S>a¢ Ÿ&

H$dh±ÿ H$aVmb ~OmBH¢$ ZmMV, _mVw g~¡ _Z _moX â¢ Ÿ&&

H$dh±ÿ [a{gAmB H$h¢ h{R> H¢$ nw{Z boV gmoB Oo{h bmqJ Aa¢ Ÿ&

AdYog Ho$ ~mbH$ Mm[a gXm Vwbgr _Z _§{Xa _| {~ha¢ Ÿ&& (nX - 1-4)

Bg nX _| _mVmE± Aml`, am_m{X Mma ~mbH$ Amb§~Z, CZH$m MÝÐ_m Ho$ {bE A‹S>Zm,H$aVmb ~mOmH$a ZmMZm VWm H«w$Õ hmoH$a hR> H$aZm Am{X Moï>mE± CÔrnZ h¢ Ÿ& _mVmAm| H$m hf© AmdoJg§Mmar ^md h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma dmËgëàg H$m nyU© n[anmH$ hþAm h¡ Ÿ&

Xmñ`^mdZm Ho$ º$ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Vwbgr Zo ûm¥§Jma H$m Vmo A{YH$ dU©Z Zht {H$`m h¡ bo{H$Zam_-grVm Ho$ CXmÎm ào_ H$s Pm±H$s XoH$a BgH$m n[anmH$ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&

Xybhw lraKwZmW ~Zo, Xwbhr {g` gwÝXa _pÝXa _m§qh Ÿ&

* * *

am_ H$mo ê$n {Zhma{V OmZH$s, H§$H$Z Ho$ ZJ H$s naN>mht Ÿ& ( nX -1-17)

* * *

Bg nX _| grVm Ho$ à{V am_ Ho$ ào_ H$s ì`§OZm, grVm H$m n{dÌ Am§V[aH$ AZwamJ CZH$s CZgb‚m Moï>mAm| _| ì`º$ hþAm h¡ Omo _`m©{XV h¡ Ÿ&

O¡go hr ûm¥§Jma H$m {MÌU d¡go hr {d`moJ H$s A{^ì`{º$ H$mì` H$s emo m ~Y©H$ h¡ Ÿ& H${d Zohmñ` ag H$m ^r ~‹S>m _m{_©H$ dU©Z {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& (nX -2-20)

H$éU ag H$m r n[anmH$ dZJ_eZ Ho$ ~mX H$m¡eë`m gw{_Ìm g§dmX _| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ&nwÌ Ho$ dZ J_Z go H$m¡eë`m H$mo _m{_©H$ doXZm Adí` hþB© h¡, {OgH$m _m{_©H$ dU©Z CÝhm|Zo {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&H${dVmdbr _| Xmñ` ^{º$ h¡ Am¡a {dZ` H$s gmVm| ^y{_H$mE± (XrZVm, _mZ_f©U, ^`Xe©Z, ^Ëg©Zm,AmídmgZ, _ZmoamÁ` Am¡a {dMmaU) Am¡a àn{Îm Ho$ N>h A§Jm|(AZwHy$bVm H$m g§H$ën, à{VHy$bVm H$mdO©Z, ajH$Ëd _| {dídmg, ajH$ ê$n _| daU, AmË_{Zjon Am¡a H$mn©Ê`) H$m ^r {Zê$nU hþAm h¡ Ÿ&

135

H${dVmdbr _| naewam_ àg§J _| am¡Ð ag H$s g\$b ì`§OZm Xe©Zr` h¡ -

J^© Ho$ A^©H$ H$mQ>Z H$mo nQw>-Yma Hw$R>ma H$amb h¡ OmH$mo Ÿ&

gmoB© hm¢ ~yPV amO-g^m YZw H$mo Xë`mo hm¢ X[b hm§¡ ~bVmH$mo Ÿ&

bKw AmZZ CÎma XoV ~‹S>m¡, b[a h¡, _[a h¡, H$[a h¡ H$Nw> gmH$m¡ Ÿ&

Jm¡amo Jéa Jw_mZ âm¡ H$m¡{gH$ N>moQ>mo gm¡ T>moQ>m¡ h¡ H$mH$m¡ Ÿ&&( nX -1-20)

`hm± naewam_ Aml`, bú_U Amb§~Z, Qy>Q>m hþAm YZwf VWm bú_U H$m CÎma CÔrnZ,naewam_ Ho$ àíZ VWm AnZo nwéfmW© H$m dU©Z AZw md Ed§ _X, A_f©, ñ_¥{V, CJ«Vm, VWm Jd© Am{Xg§Mmar^md h¢ {OZ_| H«$moY nwï> hmoH$a am¡Ðag ì`§{OV hþAm h¡ Ÿ&

Bgr àH$ma `mZH$, dr^Ëg, AX² wV Am{X agm| H$m n[anmH$ Bg J«§W _| gd©Ì Xe©Zr` h¡ Ÿ&Z Ho$db H${d Zo agm| H$s A{nVw AZoH$ _Zmoa_ ^mdm| H$s AË`§V __©ñneu ì`§OZm H$s h¡ Ÿ& Üd{Z H$sÑ{ï> go ^r "H${dVmdbr' CËH¥$ð> H$mo{Q> H$m H$mì` h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| Ho$dQ> H$m àg§J ~‹S>m hr _m{_©H$ h¡ Ÿ& am_Ho$ MaU YmoH$a CZHo$ à{V dh AnZr ^{º$ àH$Q> H$aZm MmhVm h¡ Ÿ&

nago nJYyar Va¡ VaZr KaZr Ka Š`m| g_wPmB hm¢ Oy Ÿ&

Vwbgr A~b§~ Z Am¡a H$Nw> b[aH$m Ho${h ^m±{V {OAmB hm¢Oy Ÿ&&( nX 2-6)

Zmd Ho$ VéUr hmo OmZo go Ka _| {dn{Îm I‹S>r hmo Om`Jr Xygao AmOr{dH$m H$m `h EH$ _mÌgmYZ g_má hmoZo go OrdZ `mnZ H$m g§H$Q> I‹S>m hmo Om`Jm Ÿ& Bg{bE {~Zm n¡a YmoE Zmd na M‹T>ZoZht Xy§Jm Ÿ& Bg àH$ma AZoH$ _Zmoa_ àg§Jm| go `h H$mì` AË`§V CËH¥$ï> ~Z n‹S>m h¡ Ÿ&

3.6 H$bm nj :BgH$s mfm gm{hpË`H$ ~«O^mfm h¡ Ÿ& Bg na AdYr H$m r à^md h¡ Ÿ& AdY àXoe _| ahZo

Ho$ H$maU AdYr mfm H$m à^md hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ Ÿ& VËg_ VWm VX² d eãXm| H$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&O¡go A~©wX, grY_mZ, IoMa VWm _`Z, H$nZ, gmna, àmZ, Cnmg Am{X Aa~r, \$magr Ho$ eãXm| H$mà`moJ ^r Vwbgr Zo {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& O¡go \$h_, gmoa, gw_ma, {Zhmb, XJm~mO, gmh~, ah_, ~mO, hmbBË`m{X Ÿ& Bg_| _whmdam| Am¡a bmoH$mo{º$`m| H$m r à`moJ A{YH$Va hþAm h¡ - O¡go bKwAmZZ CÎma XoVmo~‹S>mo, Am±{I {XImE, Mbo b¡ {MÌ Mmoa, Zqh ImV H$moC ^mV amÜ`m¢, _amb hmoV IyOamo Am{X Ÿ&

H${d Zo àm`: g~ OJh A{^Ym e{º$ H$mo AnZm`m h¡ Ÿ& H$mì` JwUm| _| àgmX, AmoO, Am¡a_mYw © g^r JwUm| H$m g_mdoe h¡ Ÿ& Bg àH$ma H${d Zo ^mdm| Ho$ AZwHy$b ^mfm H$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&Ab§H$ma à`moJ H$s Ñ{ï> go XoIm Om` Vmo `h CËH¥$ï> H$mo{Q> H$m H$mì` R>haVm h¡ Ÿ& eãXmb§H$ma VWmAWm©b§H$ma XmoZm| Ho$ à`moJ _| H${d {gÕhñV {ZH$bVo h¢ Ÿ& AZwàmg, énH$, Cn_m, CËàojm, àVrn,

136

gÝXoh, A{Ve`mo{º$, {d^mdZm, n[aH$a, ÑîQ>mÝV Am{X Ab§H$mam| Ho$ à`moJ go Bg J«§W H$s MméVm ~‹T>JB© h¡ Ÿ& Vwbgr Zo Cg g_` àM{bV àm`: g_ñV H$mì` e¡{b`m| H$mo AnZm`m h¡, gd¡ m, PybZm,N>ßn` Am{X N>ÝXm| _| CZH$s H${dVm nmR>H$m| H$m _ZmohaU H$a boVr h¡ Ÿ& `h aMZm H$mì` H$s Ñ{ï> gogag Am¡a gwÝXa h¡ Bg_| gÝXoh Zht Ÿ&

3.7 H${dVmdbr

(~mb H$m§S> Ed§ A`moÜ`m H$m§S>)

(_yb nmR>)

~mbH$m§S>AdYog Ho$ Ûmao gH$mao JB©, gwV JmoX H¡$ ^yn{V b¡ {ZH$go Ÿ&

Adbmo{H$ hm¢ gmoM {d_moMZ H$mo R>{J gr ahr, Oo Z R>Jo {YH$ go Ÿ&&

Vwbgr _Za§OZ a§{OV A§OZ Z¡Z gw I§OZ-OmVH$ go Ÿ&

gOZr g{g _| g_grb C^¡ Zd Zrb gamoéh go {dH$go Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

nJ Zynwa Am¡ nh±þMr H$aH§$O{Z, _§Ow ~Zr _{Z_mb {hE Ÿ&

Zd Zrb H$boda nrV P±Jm PbH¡$, nwbH|$ Z¥n JmoX {bE Ÿ&&

Aaq~X gmo AmZZ, ê$n_a§X AZ§{XV bmoMZ -^¥§J {nE Ÿ&

_Z _m| Z ~ñ`m¡ Ag ~mbH$ Om¡ "Vwbgr' OJ _| \$b H$m¡Z {OE ? Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

VZ H$s Xw{V ñ`m_ gamoéh, bmoMZ H§$O H$s _§OwbVmB© ha¢ Ÿ&

A{V gwÝXa gmohV Yy[a âo, N>{~ ^y[a A§JZ H$s Xy[a Ya¡ Ÿ&&

X_Ho$ X§{V`m± Xw{V Xm{_{Z Á`m|, {H$bH¡$ H$b ~mb-{dZmoX H$a¢ Ÿ&

AdYog Ho$ ~mbH$ Mm[a gXm Vwbgr -_Z-_§{Xa _| {dhma¢ Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

H$~h±ÿ g{g gm§JV Am[a H$a¡, H$~hÿ± à{V{~å~ {Zhm[a S>a¢ Ÿ&

H$~h±ÿ H$aVmb ~OmB© H¡$ ZmMV, _mVw g~¡ _Z _moX â¡ Ÿ&&

137

H$~h±ÿ [a{gAmB H$h¡ h{R> H¡$, nw{Z boV gmoB© Oo{h bm{J Aa¢ Ÿ&

AdYog Ho$ ~mbH$ Mm[a gXm Vwbgr-_Z-_§{Xa _| {~ha¢ Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

da X§V H$s n§J{V Hw§$XH$br, AYamYa -nëbd ImobZ H$s Ÿ&

Mnbm M_H¡$ KZ ~rM OJ¡ N>{~ _mo{VZ _mb A_mobZ H$s Ÿ&&

Kw±Kwamar-bQ>¡ bQ>H¡$ _wI D$na, Hw§$S>b bmob H$nmobZ H$s Ÿ&

{ZdN>m~[a àmZ H$a¡ Vwbgr, ~{b OmD±$ bbm BZ ~mobZ H$s Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

nXH§$O{Z _§Ow ~Zr nZht, YZwhr ga n§H$Onm{Z {bE Ÿ&

b[aH$m g§J IobV S>mobV h¢ gaOy VQ> Mm¡hQ> hmQ> {hE Ÿ&&

Vwbgr Ag ~mbH$ gmo Zqh Zoh H$hm On OmoJ g_m{Y {H$E Ÿ&

Za Vo Ia gyH$a ñdmZ g_mZ, H$hm¡ OJ _| \$b H$m¡Z {OE Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&

gaOy da Vra{h Vra {\$a¢ aKw~ra, gIm Aé dra g~¡ Ÿ&

YZwhr H$a Vra, {Zf§J H$go H${Q>, nrV XwHy$b ZdrZ \$~¡ Ÿ&&

Vwbgr Vo{h Am¡ga bmd{ZVm Xg, Mm[a Zm¡ Vr{Z BH$sg g~¡ Ÿ&

_{V-^ma{V n§Jw B© Omo {Zhm[a, {dMm[a {\$am¡ Cn_m Z \$~¡ Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

H${dÎm

N>moZr _| Ho$ N>moZrn{V N>mO¡ {OÝh| N>ÌN>m`m

N>moZr N>moZr N>mE {N>{V AmE {Z{_amO Ho$ Ÿ&

à~b àM§S> ~[a~§S> ~a ~of ~nw

~a~¡ H$mo ~mobo ~`Xohr ~aH$mO Ho$ Ÿ&&

~mobo ~§Xr {~éX ~OmB© ~a ~mOZoD$,

~mOo ~mOo ~ra ~mhw YZwV g_mO Ho$ Ÿ&

Vwbgr _w{XV _Z nwa Za-Zm[a OoVo

~ma ~ma hoao _wI, Am¡Y-_¥>JamO Ho$ Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

138

gro Ho$ ñd`§~a g_mO Ohm± amO{Z H$mo,

amO{Z Ho$ amOm _hmamOm OmZ¡ Zm_H$mo ?

ndZ nwa§Xa, H¥$gmZw, ^mZw, AZÝX go ;

JwZ Ho$ {ZYmZ ê$nYm_, gmo_ H$m_ H$mo ?Ÿ&

~mZ ~bdmZ, OmVwYmZn garIo gya Ÿ&

{OÝhHo$ Jw_mZ gXm Om{b_ g§J«m_ H$mo Ÿ&

Mn[a M‹T>m`mo Mmn M§Ð_m-bbm_ H$mo Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&

_`Z_hZ nwaXhZ JhZ Om{Z,

Am{Z H¡$ g~¡ H$mo gmé YZwf J‹T>m`mo h¡ Ÿ&

OZH$ gX{g OoVo ^bo ^bo ^y{_nmb

{H$E ~bhrZ, ~b AmnZmo ~‹T>m`mo h¡ Ÿ&&

Hw${bg H$R>moa Hy$_© nrR> V| H${R>Z A{V,

h{R> Z {nZmH$ H$mhÿ Mn[a M‹T>m`mo h¡ Ÿ&

Vwbgr gmo am_ Ho$ gamoO-nm{Z ng§V hr,

Qy>Q²> mo _mZm| ~mao Vo nwam[a hr n‹T>m`mo h¡ Ÿ&10Ÿ&&

N>ßn`

{S>J{V Cq~ A{V Jwq~, g~¡ nã~¡ g_wÐ ga Ÿ&

ã`mb ~{Ya Vo{h H$mb, {~H$b {XJnmb MamMa Ÿ&&

{X½J`§X baIaV, naV XgH§$R> _wŠIâ Ÿ&

gwa{~_mZ {h_^mZw mZw g§K{Q>V nañna Ÿ&&

Mm¡Ho$ {~a§{M g§H$a g{hV, H$mob H$_R> A{h H$b_ë`m¡ Ÿ&

~«÷m§S> I§S> {H$`mo M§S> Yy{Z O~qh am_ {gdYZw Xë`m¡ Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&

139

YZmjar

bmoMZm{âm_ KZñ`m_ am_ê$n {ggw,

gIr H$¡h¢ gIr gm| Vy ào__` nm{b, ar !

~mbH$ Z¥nmbOy Ho$ »`mb hr {nZmH$ Vmoa² mo,

_§S>brH$-_§S>br-àVmn-Xmn Xm{b ar Ÿ&&

OZH$ H$mo, {g`m H$mo, h_mamo, Voamo, Vwbgr H$mo,

g~ H$mo mdVmo ˆ¡h¡ _¢ Omo H$ømo H$m{b ar Ÿ&

H$mo{gbm H$s H$mo{I na Vmo{I VZ dm[aò ar,

am` XgaËW H$s ~b¡ m {bO¡ Am{b ar Ÿ&Ÿ&12Ÿ&&

Xy~ X{Y amoMZm H$ZH$Wma ^[a [a,

AmaVr g±dm[a da Zm[a Mbt JmdVt Ÿ&

brÝh| O`_mb H$aH§$O gmoh¡ OmZH$s Ho$,

"n{hbmAmo amKmoOy H$mo' g{I`m± {gImdVt Ÿ&&

Vwbgr _w{XV_Z OZH$ ZJaOZ,

Pm±H$Vr PamoIo bmJt gmo m amZr nmdVt Ÿ&

_Zhþ± MH$moa Mmé ~¡R>t {ZO {ZO Zr‹S>,

M§X H$s {H$aZ nrd¢ , nbH¢$ Z bmdVt Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&

ZJa {ZgmZ ~a ~mO¢ ã`mo_ Xw§Xw r,

{~_mZ M{‹T> JmZ H¡$ H¡$ gwaZm[a ZmMqh Ÿ&

O` O` {Vh±þ nwa, O`_mb am_ Ca,

OZH$ H$mo nZ O`m¡, g~ H$mo mdVr ^`m¡,

Vwbgr _w{XV amo_ amo_ _moX _mMht Ÿ&

gm±damo {H$gmoa, Jmoar gmo m na VZ Vmo[a

"Omoar {O`m¡ OwJ OwJ' gIrOZ Om±Mhr Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&

140

^bo ^yn H$hV bo ^Xog ^yn{Z gm|

"bmoH$ b{I ~mo{bE nwZrV ar{V_maIr' Ÿ&&

XoIo h¢ AZoH$ ã`mh, gwZo h¢ nwamZ ~oX,

~yPo h¢ gwOmZ gmYw Za Zm[a nmaIr Ÿ&

Eogo g_ g_Yr g_mO Z {damO_mZ,

am_- go Z da, Xwbhr Z gr` gmaIr Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&

~mZr {~{Y Jm¡ar ha goghÿ JZog H$ht,

ghr ar bmo_g wgw§{S> ~hþ-~m[aImo Ÿ&

Mm[aXg wdZ {Zhm[a Za-Zm[a g~,

ZmaX H$mo naXm Z ZmaX gmo nm[aImo Ÿ&&

{VZ H$ht OJ _| OJ_J{V Omoar EH$,

XyOmo H$mo H$h¡ m Amo gwZ¡ m MIMm[aImo Ÿ&

a_m, a_ma_Z, gwOmZ hZw_mZ H$ht

"gr` gr Z Vr` Z nwéf am_ gm[aImo' Ÿ&&16Ÿ&&

gd¡`m

Xybh lr aKwZmW ~Zmo, Xwbhr {g` gwÝXa _§{Xa _mht Ÿ&

Jmd{V JrV g~ {_{b gw§X[a, ~oX Ow~m Ow[a {~à n‹T>mhr Ÿ&&

am_ H$mo ê$n {Zhma{V OmZH$s H§$H$Z Ho$ ZJ H$s naN>mhr Ÿ&

~mV| g~¡ y{b JB©, H$a Q>o{H$ ahr nb Q>ma{V Zmht Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&

H${dÎm

^yn_§S>br àM§S> M§S>rg-H$moX§S> I§S²> m¡

M§S> ~mhþX§S> OmH$mo Vmhr gm| H$hVw hm¢ Ÿ&

H${R>Z Hw$R>ma Yma Ymo[a~o H$s YraVmqh,

~raVm {~{XV VmH$s Xo{IE MhVw hm¢ Ÿ&&

141

Vwbgr g_mO amO V{O gmo {~amO¡ AmOw,

JmÁ`m¡ _§>JamO JOamO Á`m| JhVw hm¢ Ÿ&

N>moZr _| Z N>m±S²> m¡ N>ß`m¡ N>mo{Zn H$mo N>moZm N>moQ>mo,

N>mo{Zn -N>nZ ~m±H$mo {déX ~hVw hm¢ Ÿ&&18Ÿ&&

{ZnQ> {ZX[a ~mobo ~MZ Hw$Rm>anm{Z,

_m{Z Ìmg Am¡{ZnZ _mZm¡ _m¡ZVm Jhr Ÿ&

amofo _mfo bIZ AH${Z AZIm¢hr ~mV¢,

Vwbgr {~ZrV ~mZr {~h§qg Eogr H$hr Ÿ&&

"gwOg {Vhmar amo wdZ{Z, ¥JwZmW !

n«JQ> àVmn Amnw H$hm¡ gmo g~¡ ghr Ÿ&

Qy>Q²> m¡ gmo Z Owa¡Jmo gamgZ _hogOy H$mo,

amdar {nZmH$ _¢ garH$Vm H$hm ahr ?' Ÿ&&19Ÿ&&

gd¡`m

""J^© Ho$ A^©H$ H$mQ>Z H$mo nQw> Yma Hw$R>ma H$amb h¡ OmH$mo Ÿ&

gmoB© hm¢ ~yPV amOg^m "YZw H$mo Xë`m¡' ? hm¢ X{bhm¢ ~b VmH$mo Ÿ&

bKw AmZZ CÎma XoV ~‹S>mo, b[ah§ _[ah¡ H$Nw> gmH$mo Ÿ&

Jmoamo Jéa Jw_mZ amo H$hm¡ H$m¡{gH$ N>moQ>mo gmo T>moQ>mo h¡ H$mH$mo'' Ÿ&&20Ÿ&&

KZmjar

""_I am{I~o Ho$ H$mO amOm _oao g§J XE

OrVo OmVwYmZ Oo {OV¡ m {~~wYog Ho$ Ÿ&

Jm¡V_ H$s Vr` Vmar, _oQ>o AK ^y[a ^mar,

bmoMZ A{V{W Ê OZH$ OZog Ho$ Ÿ&&

M§S> ~mhþX§S> ~b M§S>rg-H$moX§S> I§S²> m¡,

ã`mhr OmZH$s, OrVo Zaog Xog Xog Ho$ Ÿ&

142

gm±dao Jmoao gara, Yra _hm~ra XmoD$,

Zm_ am_- bIZ, Hw$_ma H$mogbog Ho$ Ÿ&&21Ÿ&&

gd¡`m

H$mb H$amb Z¥nmbZ Ho$ YZw §J gwZo \$agm {bE AmE Ÿ&

bŠIZ am_ {~bmo{H$ gào_, _hm [a{g Vo {\$[a Am±{I {XImE Ÿ&&

Yra-{gamo_{Z ~ra ~‹S>o {~Z`m¡, {~O`r aKZmW gwhmE Ÿ&

bm`H$ h¡ ¥JwZm`H$ gmo YZwgm`H$ gm¢{n gw m` {gYmE Ÿ&&2Ÿ2&&

A`moÜ`m H$m§S>gd¡`m

H$sa Ho$ H$mJa Á`m¢ Z¥nMra {Ì^yfZ, Cßn_ A§J{Z nmB© Ÿ&

Am¡Y VOr _J~mg Ho$ ê$I Á`m¢, n§W Ho$ gmWr Á`m¢ bmoJ-bwJmB© Ÿ&&

g§J gw~§Yw, nwZrV {à`m _Zmo Y_© {H$`m Y[a Xoh gwhmB© Ÿ&

am{OdbmoMZ am_ Mbo V{O ~mn H$mo amO ~Q>mD$ H$s ZmBª Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

H$mJa-H$sa Á`m¢ ^yfZ Mra gara bñ`m¡ V{O Zra Á`m¢ H$mB© Ÿ&

_mVw {nVm {à` bmoJ g~¡, gZ_m{Z gw oX gZoh gJmB© Ÿ&&

g§J gw m{_{Z ^mB bmo, {XZ Û¡ OZw Am¡Y hþVo nhþZmB© Ÿ&

am{OdbmoMZ am_ Mbo V{O ~mn H$mo amO ~Q>mD$ H$s ZmBª Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

KZmjar

{g{Wb gZoh H$h¡ H$m¡{gbm gw{_ÌmOy gm|,

""_¢ Z bIr gm¡{V, gIr ! ^§{JZr Á`m¢ goB© h¡ Ÿ&

H$h¢ _mo{h "_¡ m' H$hm¢ "_¢ Z _¡ m' âV H$s ;

"~b¡ m b¡hm¢, ¡ m ! Voar _¡ m H¡$Ho$`r h¡ Ÿ&&'

Vwbgr gab ^m` AKm` _m` _mZr,

H$m` _Z ~mZr h±ÿ Z OmZr H¡$ _VoB© h¡ Ÿ&

143

~m_ {~{Y _oamo gwI {g[ag gw_Z g_,

VmH$mo N>b-Nw>ar H$moh-Hw${bg b¡ Q>oB© h¢'' Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&

H$sO¡ H$hm, OrOr Oy !'' gw{_Ìm n[a nm`± H$h¡

""Vwbgr ghm~¡ {~{Y gmoB© g{h`Vw h¡ Ÿ&

amdamo gw md am_-OÝ_ hr V| Om{Z`V,

âV H$s _mVw H$mo {H$ Eogmo M{h`Vw h¡ ? Ÿ&&

OmoB© amOKa, ã`m{h AmB© amOKa _mh±,

amO-nyV nmE h±ÿ Z gwI b{h`Vw h¡ Ÿ&

Xoh gwYmJoh Vm{h _¥Jhÿ _brZ {H$`mo,

Vmhÿ na ~mhÿ {~Zw amhþ J{h`Vw h¡''Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

gd¡`m

Zm_ AOm{_b go Ib H$mo{Q> Anma ZXr ^d ~y‹S>>V H$m‹T>o Ÿ&

Omo gw{_ao {J[a-_oé {gbm-H$Z, hmoV AOmIwa ~m[a{Y ~m‹T>o Ÿ&&

Vwbgr Oo{h Ho$ nXn§H$O V| àJQ>r V{Q>Zr Om ha¡ AK Jm‹T>o Ÿ&

gmo à^w ñd¡ g[aVm V[a~o H$h± _m§JV Zmd H$amao ˆ¡ R>m‹T>o Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&

E{h KmQ> V| Wmo[aH$ Xya Ah¡ H${Q> bm¢ Ob Wmh XoImBhm¢ Oy Ÿ&

nago nJYy[a Va¡ VaZr, KaZr Ka Š`m| g_wPmBhm¢ Oy ?

Vwbgr Adb§~ Z Amoa H$Ny>, b[aH$m Ho${h ^m±{V {OAmBhm¢ Oy ?Ÿ&

~é _m[aE _mo{h {~Zm nJ YmoE hm¢ ZmW Z Zmd M‹T>mBhm¢ Oy Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&

amdao Xmof Z nm`§Z H$mo, nJ Yy[a H$mo ^y[ à^mC _hm h¡ Ÿ&

nmhZ V| dZ-~mhZ H$mR> H$mo H$mo_b h¡, Ob ImB ahm h¡ Ÿ&

nmdZ nm`± nIm[a H¡$ Zmd M‹T>mBhm¢, Am`gw hmoV H$hm h¡ ?

Vwbgr gw{Z Ho$dQ> Ho$ ~a ~¡Z h±go à^w OmZH$s Amoa hhm h¡ Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&

144

KZmjar

nmV âr ghar, gH$b gwV ~mao ~mao,

Ho$dQ> H$s Om{V H$Ny> ~oX Zm n‹T>mBhm¢ Ÿ&

g~ n[adma _oamo mhr bm{J, amOm Oy !

hm¢ XrZ {~ÎmhrZ H¡$go Xygar J‹T>mBhm¢ ? Ÿ&&

Jm¡V_ H$s KaZr Á`m| VaZr Va¡Jr _oar,

à^w gm| {ZfmX ¡H¡$ ~mV Z ~‹T>mBhm¢ Ÿ&

Vwbgr Ho$ B©g am_ amdao gm| gm±Mr H$hm¢,

{~Zm nJ YmoE ZmW Zmd Z M‹‹T>mBhm¢ Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&

{OZH$mo nwZrV dm[a Ymao {ga n¡ nwam[a,

{ÌnWJm{_Zr -Ogw ~oX H$h¡ JmB H¡$ Ÿ&

{OZH$mo OmoJrÝÐ _w{Z~¥§X Xo~ H$h¡ JmB H¡$ Ÿ&

H$aV {~amJ On OmoJ _Z bmB H¡$ Ÿ&&

Vwbgr {OZH$mo Yy[a na{g A{hë`m Var,

Jm¡V_ {gYmao J¥h Jm¡Zmo gm {bdmB H¡$ Ÿ&

VoB© nm`± nmBH¡$ M‹T>mB Zmd YmoE {~Zw

»d¡hm¢ Z nR>mdZr H¡$ ¡hm¢ Z h±gmB H¡$ ? Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&

à^wéI nmBH¡$ ~mobmB ~mb Ka{Zqh

~§{X H¡$ MaZ H$h±ÿ {X{g ~¡R>o Ko[a -Ko[a Ÿ&

N>moQ>mo gmo H$R>m¡Vm ^[a Am{Z nm{Z J§JmOy H$mo

YmoB nm§ nr`V nwZrV ~m[a \o$[a \o$[a Ÿ&&

Vwbgr gamh¢ VmH$mo ^mJ gmZwamJ gwa,

~af¡ gw_Z O` O` H$h¢ Q>o[a Q>o[a Ÿ&

{~~wY-gZoh-gmZr ~mZr A`mZr gw{Z,

h±go amKm¡ OmZH$s bIZ VZ ho[a -ho[a Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&

145

gd¡`m

nwa V| {ZH$gr aKw~ra-~Yy, Y[a Yra Xò _J _| S>J Û¡ Ÿ&

PbH$s ^[a ^mb H$Zr Ob H$s, nwQ> gy{I JE _YwamYa d¡ Ÿ&&

{\$[a ~yP{V h¡ " MbZmo A~ Ho${VH$, nZ©Hw$Q>r H$[ahm¡ {H$V ˆ¡?'' Ÿ&

{V` H$s b{I AmVwaVm {n` H$s A±{I`m± A{V Mmé Mbt Ob Ád¡ Ÿ&&11&&

"Ob H$mo JE bŠIZ h¡ Vm[aH$m, n[aIr, {n` ! N>m±h KarH$ ˆ¡ R>m‹T>o Ÿ&

nmoqN> ngoC ~`m[a H$am¡, Aé nm`± nIm[ahm¢ ^y w[a S>m‹T>o Ÿ&&

Vwbgr aKw~ra {à`m ó_ Om{Z Ho$ ~¡{R> {~b§~ bm¢ H§$Q>H$ H$m‹T>o Ÿ&

OmZH$s Zmh H$mo Zoh-b»`m¡, nwbH$s VZw, ~m[a {~bmoOZ ~m‹T>o Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&

R>m‹T>o h¢ Zm¡Ðþ_ S>ma Jho, YZw H$m§Yo Yao, H$a gm`H$ b¡ Ÿ&

{~H$Q>r «Hw$Q>r ~‹S>ar A±{I`m±, AZ_mob H$nmobZ H$s N>{~ h¡ Ÿ&&

Vwbgr A{g _ya{V Am{Z {hE O‹S> S>m[ahm¢ àmZ {ZN>md[a H¡$ Ÿ&

ó_-grH$a gm§d[a Xoh bg¡ _Zmo am{g _hmV_ VmaH$_| Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&

KZmjar

ObOZ`Z ObOZ`Z, OQ>m h¡ {ga,

Omo~Z C_§J A§J C{XV CXma h¢ Ÿ&

gm§dao Jmoao Ho$ ~rM m{_Zr gwXm{_Zr gr,

_w{ZnQ> Ymao, Ca \y$b{Z Ho$ hma h¢ Ÿ&&

H$a{Z gagZ {gbr_wI, {Zf§J H${Q>,

A{Vhr AZyn H$mhÿ ^yn Ho$ Hw$_ma h¢ Ÿ&

Vwbgr {dbmo{H$ H¡$ {VbmoH$ Ho$ {VbH$ Vr{Z,

aho ZaZm[a Á`m| {MVoao {MÌgma h¢ Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&

AmJo gmoh¡ gm±damo Hw$d±a, Jmoamo nmN>o nmN>o,

AmN>o _w{Z dof Yao bmOV AZ§J h¢ Ÿ&

~mZ {~{gImgZ, ~gZ ~Z hr Ho$ H${Q>,

146

H$go h¢ ~ZmB©, ZrHo$ amOV {Zf§J h¢ Ÿ&&

gmW {Z{gZmW_wIr nmWZmW -Z§{XZr gr,

Vwbgr {dbmoHo$ {MÎm bmB boV g§J h¢ Ÿ&

AmZÝX C_§J Z, OmodZ C_§J VZ,

ê$n H$s C_§J C_JV A§J A§J h¢ Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&

H${dÎm

gwÝXa ~XZ, gagm¡éh gwhmE Z¡Z,

_§Owb n«gyZ _mWo _wHw$Q> OQ>{Z Ho$ Ÿ&

A§g{Z gamgZ bgV gw{M H$a ga,

VyZ H${Q>, _w{ZnQ> byQ>H$ nQ>{Z Ho$ Ÿ&&

Zm[a gwHw$_m[a g§J OmHo$ A§J C~{Q> H¡$,

{~{Y {~aMo ~ê$W {dÚwVN>Q>{Z Ho$ Ÿ&&16Ÿ&&

~ëH$b ~gZ, YZw~mZ nm{Z, VyZ H${Q>,

ê$n Ho$ {ZYmZ, KZ-Xm{_Zr-daZ h¢ Ÿ&

Vwbgr gwVr` g§J ghO gwhmE A§J

Zdb H§$db hÿ Vo H$mo_b MaZ h¢ Ÿ&&

Am¡a¡ gmo ~g§V , Am¡ao¡ a{V, Am¡a¡ a{Vn{V,

_ya{V {~bmoHo$ VZ _Z Ho$ haZ h¢ Ÿ&

Vmng ~of¡ ~ZmB, n{WH$ nW¡ gwhmB

Mbo bmoH$ -bmoMZ{Z gw\$b H$aZ h¢ Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&

gd¡`m

~{ZVm ~Zr ñ`m_b Jm¡a Ho$ ~rM, {dbmoH$hþ, ar gIr ! _moqh gr ¡ Ÿ&

_J OmoJ Z, H$mo_b, Š`m| M{bh¢ ? gHw$MmV _hr nXn§H$O N>d¡ Ÿ&&

Vwbgr gw{Z J«m_dYy {dWH$s, nwbH$s VZ Am¡ Mbo bmoMZ Àd¡ Ÿ&

g~ mª{V _Zmoha _mohZ ê$n, AZyn h¡ yn Ho$ ~mbH$ Û¡ Ÿ&&18Ÿ&&

147

gm§dao Jmoao gbmoZo gw m`, _ZmohaVm {O{V _¢Z {b`mo h¢ Ÿ&

~mZ H$_mZ {Zf§J H$go, {ga gmoh¢ OQ>m, _w{Zdof {H$`mo h¢ Ÿ&&

g§J {bò {dYw-~¡Zr ~Yy a{V H$mo Oo{h a§MH$ ê$n {X`mo h¢ Ÿ&

nm± Z Vm¡ nZht Z, n`mXoqh Š`m| M{bh¢ ? gHw$MmV {h`mo h¡ Ÿ&&19Ÿ&&

amZr _¢ OmZr AOmZr _hm, n{~ nmhZ h±ÿ Vo H$R>moa {h`mo h¡ Ÿ&

amOhþ H$mO AH$mO Z OmÝ`mo, H$ømo {V` H$mo {OZ H$mZ {H$`mo h¡ Ÿ&&

Eogr _Zmoha _ya{V ò, {~Nw>ao H¡$go àrV_ bmoJ {O`mo h¡ ? Ÿ&

Am±{IZ, g{I ! am{I~o OmoJ, BÝh| {H${_ H¡$ ~Zdmg {X`mo h¢ ?Ÿ&&20Ÿ&&

gag OQ>m, Ca ~mhþ {~gmb, {~bmoMZ bmb, {VarN>r gr ^m¡h¢ Ÿ&

VyZ gamgZ ~mZ Yao, Vwbgr dZ-_maJ _| gw{R> gmoh¢ Ÿ&&

gmXa ~maqh dma gw m` {MV¡ Vw_Ë`m| h_amo _Z H$moh¢ Ÿ&

nyN>{V J«m_dYy {g` gm| ""H$hm¡ gm§dao go, g{I amdao H$mo h¢ ?'Ÿ&&21Ÿ&&

gw{Z gwÝXa ~¡Z gwYmag-gmZo, g`mZr h¢ OmZH$s OmZr br Ÿ&

{VaN>o H$[a Z¡Z Xo g¡Z {VZh¢ g_wPmB H$Ny> _wgwH$mB Mbr Ÿ&&

Vwbgr Vo{h Am¡ga gmoh¢ g~¡ AdbmoH${V bmoMZ -bmhþ Agt Ÿ&

AZwamJ-V‹S>mJ_| mZw CX¡ {dJgr _Zmo _§Owb H§$O -H$br Ÿ&&22Ÿ&&

Y[a Yra H$h¢ "Mbw Xo{I` OmB Ohm± gOZr aOZr a{hh¢ Ÿ&

H${h h¢ OJ nmoM, Z gmoM H$Ny>, \$b bmoMZ AmnZ Vmo b{hh¢ Ÿ&&

gwI nmBh¢ H$mZ gwZmo ~{V`m± , H$b Amngw _| H$Ny> n¡ b{hh¢ Ÿ&

Vwbgr A{V ào_ bJt nbH¢$, nwbH$s b{I am_ {hò _{h h¢ Ÿ&&23Ÿ&&

148

nX H$mo_b, ñ`m_b Jm¡a H$boda, amOV H$mo{Q> _ZmoO bOmE Ÿ&

H$a ~mZ gamgZ, grg OQ>m, gagrê$h bmoMZ gmoZ gwhmE Ÿ&&

{OZ XoIo, grI ! gV^m`hþ V|, Vwbgr {VZ Vm¡ _Z \o$[a Z nmE Ÿ&

`{h _maJ AmOw {H$gmoa ~Yy {dYw~¡Zr g_oV gw m` {gYmE Ÿ&&24Ÿ&&

_wIn§H$O , H§$O {dbmoMZ _§Ow _ZmoO-gamgZ gm| ~Zr m¡h¢ Ÿ&

H$_Zr` H$boda, H$mo_b ñ`m_b Jm¡a {H$gmoa, OQ>m {ga gmoh¢ Ÿ&&

Vwbgr H${Q> VyZ, Yao YZw ~mZ, AMmZH$ Xr{R> nar {VaN>rh¢ Ÿ&

Ho${h m±{V H$ht, gOZr ! Vmo{h gm| _¥Xw _ya{V Û¡ {Zdgr _Z _mo h¢ Ÿ&&25Ÿ&&

ào_ gm| nrN>o {VarN>o {à`m{h {MV¡ {MÎm X¡, Mbo b¡ {MV Mmoa Ÿ&

ñ`m_ gara ngoD$ bg¡, hþbg¡ Vwbgr N>{~ gmo _Z _moao Ÿ&&

bmoMZ bmob Mb¡ ^«wHw$Q>r , H$b H$m_ H$_mZhþ gmo V¥Z Vmoao Ÿ&

amOV am_ Hw$a§J Ho$ g§J, {Zf§J H$go, YZw gm| ga Omoao Ÿ&&26Ÿ&&

ga Mm[aH$ Mmé ~ZmB H$go H${Q>, nm{Z gamgZ gm`H$ b¡ Ÿ&

~Z IobV am_ {\$a¢ _¥J`m, Vwbgr N>{~ gmo daZh {H${_ H¡$ ? Ÿ&&

Adbmo{H$V$ Abm¡{H$H$ ê$n _¥Jr _¥J Mm{H$ MH¡$ {MVd¡ {MV X¡ Ÿ&

Z S>J¡ Z ^J¡ {O` Om{Z {gbr_wI n§M Yao a{VZm`H$ h¡ Ÿ&&27Ÿ&&

{~§Ü` Ho$ ~mgr CXmgr Vnmod«VYmar _hm {~Zw Zm[a XwImao Ÿ&

Jm¡V_Vr` Var, Vwbgr, gmo H$Wm gw{Z ô _w{Z~¥§X gwImao Ÿ&

ˆ¢h¡ {gbm g~ MÝÐ_wIr nag¡ nX-_§Owb-H§$O {Vhmao Ÿ&

H$sÝht br aKwZm`H$Oy H$éZm H$[a H$mZZ H$mo nJw Ymao Ÿ&&28Ÿ&&

149

3.8 eãXmW© :1. gH$mao = àmV:H$mb Ÿ& H¡$b¡ = _| boH$a Ÿ& hm¢ = _¢ Ÿ& gmoM {d_moMZ = emoH$ go {d_wº$

H$aZo dmbo Ÿ& R>{J gr ahr = M{H$V hmo JB© Ÿ& go =do (CZH$mo) Ÿ& OmVH$ = ~ƒm Ÿ& gOZr = gIr Ÿ&g_grb = g_mZ JwU Y_© dmbo Ÿ&

2. Zynwa = KwK§ê$ Ÿ& H$boda = eara Ÿ& P±Jm = qPJwbr Ÿ& q~X = H$_b Ÿ& _a§X = _H$a§X=namJ Ÿ& ¥§J = m¢ao Ÿ&

3. Xw{V = H$m§{V , emo m Ÿ& gamoéh = H§$O, H$_b Ÿ& Yy[a = Yyb Ÿ& Á`m¢ = Vah Ÿ& H$b =gwÝXa (ldU H$mo gwIX, O¡go H$bJmZ)

4. Am[a H$a¢ = hR>> H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& à{V{~å~ = naN>mB© Ÿ& _moX = àgÞVm Ÿ&

5. AYamYa = XmoZm| Am|R> Ÿ& nëbd= ZdrZ Am_H$s n{Îm`m± Ÿ& OJ¡ = OJ OmVr h¡ Ÿ& bmob= M§Mb Ÿ& {hbVo hþE Ÿ& bbm = am_MÝÐOr Ÿ&

6. nZhr = nXÌmU, OyVm Ÿ& YZwhr = N>moQ>m YZwf Ÿ& dZr = emo m XoVr h¡ Ÿ& Mm¡hQ> =Mm¡_whmZr, ào_ Ÿ& hmQ> =~mOma Ÿ&

7. dra = mB© Ÿ& g~¡ = g~`, EH$ AdñWm Ho$ Ÿ& {Zf§J = VaH$e Ÿ& XwHy$b = aoe_r dó Ÿ&\$~¡ = gwÝXa bJVm h¡ Ÿ& Adga = Adga Ÿ& bm`{dVm = bmdÊ` Ÿ& ^maVr = gañdVr Ÿ& {dMm[a{\$ar = {dMma H$aHo$ bm¡Q> JB© Ÿ& n~¡ = nmd¡ , nmVr h¡ Ÿ&

8. N>moZr = n¥Ïdr Ÿ& Nm>oZrn{V = amOm Ÿ& N>mO¡ = gwemo{^V Ÿ& N>moZ - N>mZr Ÿ= Ajm¡{hUr,Pw§S> Ÿ& {Z{_amO = OZH$ Ÿ& ~[a~§S> = ~bdmZ Ÿ& ~nw = eara Ÿ& ~a H$mO = {ddmh Ÿ& ~a~¡ H$mo ~mobo =daU H$aZo H$mo ~wbdmò Wo Ÿ& {déX = è Ÿ& ~mOo ~mOo = H$moB© -H$moB© Ÿ& YwZV = R>moH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& g_mOg_yh Ÿ& hoa¡ = XoIVo h¢ Ÿ& _¥JamO = qgh Ÿ&

9. OmZ¡ Zm_ H$mo = CZH$m Zm_ H$m¡Z OmZ gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& nwa§Xa =BÝÐ Ÿ& YZX =Hw$~oa Ÿ& go =g_mZ Ÿ& gmo_ H$m_ = MÝÐ_m ŸAm¡a H$m_Xod Ÿ& ~mZ= ~mUmgwa Ÿ& OmVwYmZn = amdU Ÿ& gya = eya(`moÕm) Ÿ&gm{b_ = Ñ‹T> , A{dM{bV Ÿ& Mn[a =\w$Vu go Ÿ& MÝÐ_m -bbm_ = MÝÐ^yfU, e§H$a Ÿ&

10. _`Z = _XZ Ÿ& _hZ = _WZ Ÿ& nwaXhZ = {Ìnwa XhZ Ÿ& Am{Z H¡$ = EH$Ì H$aHo$ Ÿ& gmé= gma, VÎd Ÿ& Hw${bg = ~O« Ÿ& ~ma g| = Nw>Q>nZ go Ÿ&

11. {S>J{V = S>J_JmVr h¡ Ÿ& C>{d© =n¥Ïdr Ÿ& Jw{d© = ^mar Ÿ& nã~¡ =nd©V Ÿ& ã`mb =eofZmJ Ÿ& _wŠIâ = _wIâ Ÿ& g§K{Q>V = Q>H$amVo h¢ Ÿ& H$mob =dmamh Ÿ& M§S> = ^`§H$a Ÿ& Xë`mo =Vmo‹S>m Ÿ&

12. bmoMZm{âm_ = ZoÌm| H$mo gwÝXa bJZo dmbo Ÿ& ào_n` = ào_ê$nr ŸXyY Ÿ& »`mb hr =

150

H$m¡VwH$ _mÌ go Ÿ& _§S>brH$ = _§S>br ŸamOmAm| H$s g^m Ÿ& Xmnw =Xn©, A{^_mZ Ÿ& mdVmo = _ZMmhm,BpÀN>V Ÿ&

13. amoMZm -JmoamoMZ = amobr Ÿ& ~a = loð> {ó`m±, gm¡ m½`dVr Ÿ& PamoIo = Jdmj go,{I‹S>H$s _| go Ÿ& Zr‹S> = Km|gbm Ÿ& Mmé =gwÝXa Ÿ& bmdVr = {JamVr Ÿ&

14. {ZgmZ = {ZemZ (~mOo) Ÿ& Xw§Xw r = ZJm‹S>m Ÿ& ê$ao =gwÝXa Ÿ& amMhr = AZwaº$ hmoVo h¢ Ÿ&nZ = àmU Ÿ& O`mo = {dO`r hþAm Ÿ& Jmoar = Jm¡adU© OmZH$s Ÿ& V¥Z Vmo[a ={ZN>mda hmoZm, EH$$ àH$maH$m Q>moQ>H$m h¡ {Og_| V¥U Vmo‹S>H$a \|$H$m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&

15. ^bo =AÀN>o Ÿ& ^Xog = ~‹S>o Xwï> Ÿ& bmoH$ b{I = g§gma H$s ar{V {dMma H$a Ÿ& ar{V_maIr = Amf© ar{V gä`m| H$s Vah Ÿ& _w±h H$maIr = _w±h _| H$m[aI bJZm, H$b§{H$V hmoZm Ÿ& naIr =narjH$ Ÿ&

16. ~mZr = gañdVr Ÿ& ghr ar = g_W©Z {H$`m Ÿ& ~hþ~m[aImo = ~hþV AdñWmdmbo ~¥ÕAVEd gå_mZZr` Ÿ& nm[aImo = ^bo ~wao H$mo nhMmZZo dmbo Ÿ& XyOmo = Xygam Ÿ& Mf Mm[aImo = MmaMjw, Mma Am±Im|dmbm Ÿ&

17.Owdm Owar = OwAm IobVo g_` ; {ddmh _| {dhmhmonamÝV {ó`m§ da-~Yy H$mo H$moh~a _|bo OmH$a OwAm IobmVr h¢ Ÿ&

18. M§S>rg - H$moXÊS> = {edYZwf Ÿ& M§S> = ~bembr Ÿ& Ym[a~¡ H$s = ghZ `mo½` Ÿ&JmÁ`mo = JaOH$a Ÿ& _¥JamO = qgh Ÿ& N>ß`m¡ = {Mnm hþAm Ÿ& N>mo{Zn = amOm Ÿ& N>mZm = N>moQ>m ~ƒm Ÿ&N>mo{Zn-CnZ = j{Ì` g§hmaH$ Ÿ& ~hVw hm¢ = YmaU H$aVm h±ÿ Ÿ&

19 . {ZnQ> = {~bHw$b Ÿ& Hw$R>ma nm{Z = naewam_ Ÿ& Am¡{Zn{J = amOmAm| Zo Ÿ& _mIo = ~wam_mZm Ÿ& AH${Z = gwZH$a Ÿ& AZIm¢hr = {IPmZodmbr, An_mZOZH$ Ÿ& gamgZ = eamgZ Ÿ& amdar =AmnH$s Ÿ& garH$Vm = gmPm (\$magr Ho$ garH$ go ~Zm) Ÿ& H$hm = Š`m Ÿ&

20. A^©H$ = ~ƒm Ÿ& nÅ>Yma = MVwa h¡ Yma {OgH$s Ÿ& gmoB© hm¢ = dhr _¢ Ÿ& gmH$m H$aZm =ñWm`r H$s{V© àmá H$aZm Ÿ& N>moQ>mo = ~mbH$ Ÿ& H$m¡{gH$ = {dídm{_Ì Ÿ&

21. _I =`k Ÿ& {~~wYg = B§Ð Ÿ& AÚ =nmn Ÿ& bmoMZ = A{V{W Ÿ& ò = Xe©Z {Xò h¢ Ÿ&

22. bm`H$ h¡ = bm`H$ Wo, gm_Ï`©dmZ Wo Ÿ& YZw gm`H$ = YZwf ~mU Ÿ& gm¢{n = XoH$a Ÿ&

A`moÜ`mH$m§S> :1. H$sa = VmoVm, gw½Jm Ÿ& H$mJa = n§I Ÿ& Cßn_ = Cn_m Ÿ& _Jdmg = _mJ©dmg Ÿ&

Am¡Y=AdY Ÿ& ê$I = d¥j Ÿ& ~Q>mD$ = ~Q>mohr Ÿ& ZmB© =(Ý`m`) Vah Ÿ&

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2. H$mJa H$sa Á`mo = gw½Jo Ho$ n§Im| Ho$ g_mZ Ÿ& gJmB© =g§~§Y Ÿ& {XZ Û¡ OZw Am¡Y hþVo nhþZmB©= _mZm| Xmo {XZ A`moÜ`m _| nhþZmB© H$aVo Wo Ÿ&

gm¡{V = gnËZr Ÿ& gmoB© = nmbZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& _VoB© ={d_mVm Ÿ& ~m_ {d{Y = XwX£d Ÿ& {g[a gw_Zg_ = AË`ÝV H$mo_b Ÿ& Q>oB© h¡ = VrúU H$s h¡ Ÿ&

4. OrOr = XrXr Ÿ& {H$ = Š`m Ÿ& OmB© = n¡Xm hþB© Ÿ& gwYmJoh = MÝÐ_m Ÿ&

5. Zm_ = am_Zm_ Ÿ& Ib H$mo{Q> = H$amo‹S>m| nmnr Ÿ& ~y‹S>V = Sy>~V Ÿ& H$m‹T>o = {ZH$mbo Ÿ&V{Q>Zr = ZXr Ÿ& ñd¡ =(gmoB©) dhr Ÿ& H$amao = H$Jmao (D±$Mo VQ>)

6. Wmo[aH$ = Wmo‹S>r hr Ÿ& Ah¡ = h¡ Ÿ& bm¢ = VH$ Ÿ& nago = ñne© H$aZo go Ÿ& VaZr = Zmd Ÿ&KaZr = nËZr Ÿ& Š`m| = H¡$go Ÿ& b[aH$m = ~mb-~ƒo Ÿ& ~é =^bo hr Ÿ&

7. amdao = AmnHo$ Ÿ& ~Z - Ob Ÿ& ~Z-~hZ = Zmd Ÿ& ObImB© ahm h¡ = Ob _| {Za§Va ahZogo Am¡a H$mo_b hmo JB© h¡ Ÿ& nmdZ = n{dÌ Ÿ& nIm[a = YmoH$a Ÿ& ~¡Z = ~MZ Ÿ& h±go hhm h¡ = R>R>m H$ah±g n‹S>o Ÿ&

8. nmV = nÎmb Ÿ& ghar = {gYar _N>br (EH$ {deof _N>br) Ÿ& ~mao-~mao = N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o Ÿ&{dÎmhrZ = {ZY©Z Ÿ& KaZr nËZr Ÿ& gm¢ = enW Ÿ& ~mV Z ~‹T>mB hm¢ = {ZaW© ~mV Zht H$é§Jm Ÿ&

9. nwZrV = n{dÌ Ÿ& ~m[a = Ob Ÿ& nwam[a = {ed Ÿ& {ßnW Jm{_Zr = J§JmOr Ÿ& Xoh ^[a =OrdZ a Ÿ& m¡Zmo gmo = {Ûam_JZ~Yy H$s Vah, AWm©V² ZdrZ Am¡a n{dÌ _mZ H$a Ÿ& nR>mdZr H¡$ = nmaCVma H$a Ÿ&

10. à^wéI = am_MÝÐOr H$hs ñdrH¥${V Ÿ& H$R>m¡Vm = H$mð> nmÌ Ÿ& Am{Z = bmH$a Ÿ& Q>o[a-Q>o[a = Cƒ ñda go Ÿ& AgnmZr = {ZíN>b Ÿ& amKm¡ =amKd Ÿ& VZ = Va\$ , Amoa Ÿ&

11. {ZH$gr = {ZH$br Ÿ& _J = amñVm Ÿ& [a mb = nyao _ñVH$ na Ÿ& ObH$s H$Zr = ngrZoH$s ~y§X| Ÿ& d¡ = XmoZm| Ÿ& Ho${VH$ = {H$VZr (Xya) Ÿ& {H$V hd¡ = H$hm± na Ÿ& Mmé = gwÝXa Ÿ& Àd¡ Mbr =~hZo bJt (AlwnmV) Ÿ&

12. n[aIm¡ = ~mQ> XoImo Ÿ& KarH$ = K‹S>r EH$, Hw$N> Xoa VH$ Ÿ& ngoD$ = ngrZm Ÿ& ^w w[a =Ja_ Yy{b Ÿ& S>m‹T>o = Obo hþE Ÿ& Zmh =n{V Ÿ&

13. Zm¡ Ðþ_=Zò no‹S> Ÿ& S>ma = S>mb, emIm Ÿ& {~H$Q>r=Q>o‹T>r Ÿ& «wHw${Q>=^m¢h Ÿ& ~‹S>ar = ~‹S>r-~‹S>r Ÿ& AZ_mob = A_yë` Ÿ& l_ grH$a = ngrZo H$s ~yÝXo Ÿ& am{e = T>oa Ÿ& VmaH$ _¡ = VmaH$ _` Ÿ&

14 . ObO - Z`Z = H$_b ZoÌ Ÿ& C{XV = àH$Q>, àH$m{eV Ÿ& CXma = àeñV, A{V~‹S>o Ÿ& {gbr_wI = ~mU Ÿ& gamgZ = YZwf Ÿ& {Zf§J = VaH$e Ÿ& {VbmoH$ ={ÌbmoH$ Ÿ& {MVoao ={MÌ Ÿ&{M{Ìgma = {MÌembm Ÿ&

152

15. AZ§J = H$m_Xod Ÿ& {d{gImgZ = YZwf Ÿ& ~ZmB = Iy~ AÀN>r Vah Ÿ& {X{gZmW =MÝÐ_m Ÿ& nmW = Ob Ÿ& nmWZmW = g_wÐ Ÿ& nmWZmW Z§{XZr = bú_r Ÿ&

16. ~XZ = _wI Ÿ& gagréh = H$_b Ÿ& àgyZ = \y$b Ÿ& A§g{Z = H§$Yo na Ÿ& gw{M =n{dÌŸ& ga - ea, dmU Ÿ& VyZ = VaH$e, VyUra Ÿ& byQ>H$ n`{Z Ho$ = dóm| H$s emo m H$mo byQ>Zo `mhaZodmbo Ÿ& C~{Q> H¡$ = C~Q>Z Ûmam _¡b {ZH$mbH$a Ÿ& ~ê$W = g_yh Ÿ& ~a Z (dU©) = a§J, KQ>{Z Ho$,í`m_ gOb ~mXbm| H$s KQm>Am| H$m Ÿ&

17.VyZ =VyUra , VaH$e Ÿ& {ZYmZ = AmJma Ÿ& ghO = ñdm^m{dH$ Ÿ& Xm{_Zr = {dÚwV Ÿ&~aZ = a§J Ÿ&

18. ~{ZVm = ór Ÿ& ~Zr = gwemo{^V Ÿ& _J = _mJ© Ÿ& OmoJ = mo½` Ÿ& {~WH$s = N>H$ J`t,V¥á hmo J`t Ÿ& _mhZ = _mo{hV H$aZo dmbo Ÿ& AZyn = AZwn_ Ÿ&

19. {O{V = OrV {b`m h¡ Ÿ& _¡Z = _XZ Ÿ& {Zf§J = VaH$f Ÿ& H$_mZ = YZwf Ÿ& {~Yw~¡Zr =MÝÐ_wIr Ÿ& a§MH$ = Wmo‹S>m Ÿ& n`mXo{h = n¡Xb Ÿ&

20. AOm{Z = AkmZr, _yI© Ÿ& n{~ = ~O« Ÿ& nmhZ = nmfmU Ÿ& H$mO - AH$mO = bm -~wam Ÿ& H$mZ {H$`mo h¡ = ghr _mZ {b`m Ÿ& {H${_H¡$ = H¡$go ({H$g öX` go ) Ÿ&

21. gw{R> = gwÝXa Ÿ& gw m` = ñd^mdV: Ÿ& Ë`m| = Amoa, VZ Ÿ&

22. ~¡Z = dMZ Ÿ& g`mZr = MVwa Ÿ& _ZmoO = H$m_Xod Ÿ& ~mhþ = bm^ Ÿ& {~Jgt = {Ibr Ÿ&CX¡H$ = CX` Ÿ&

&23. gOZr = gIr Ÿ& aOZr = amV H$mo Ÿ& nmoM = ~wam Ÿ& H$b =gwÝXa Ÿ& ldU = _Ywa Ÿ& n¡= Vmo Ÿ& {hò H${h = hAX` _Ú, öX` _| Ÿ& nbH¢$ bJr = nbH|$ ~§X hmo JB© Ÿ&

24. H$boda = eara Ÿ& amOV = emo{^V hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& gmoZ = bmb Ÿ& {VZ = CÝhm|Zo Ÿ&

25. {dbmoMZ = ZoÌ Ÿ& _ZmoO - gamgZ gr = H$m_Xod Ho$ YZwf Ho$ g_mZ Ÿ&

26. {MV¡ = XoIH$a Ÿ& ngoC = ngrZm Ÿ& bmob = M§Mb Ÿ& V¥Z Vmoao(_whmdao) = Ý`moN>mdahmoZm Ÿ& Hw$a§J = h[aU Ÿ& YZw gm| ga Omoao = YZwf na ~mU g§YmZ {H$E hþE Ÿ&

27. Mm[aH$ = Mma Ÿ& nm{Z = hmW Ÿ& gm`H$ = dmU Ÿ& _¥J`m -= {eH$ma Ÿ& {gbr_wI =dmU Ÿ& n§M = nm§M Ÿ&

28. CXmgr = Xw:I-gwI _| EH$ go Ÿ& o = hþE Ÿ& ¢h¢ = hmo Om`|Jr Ÿ& {gbm = nËWa Ÿ& nago= ñne© H$aZo go Ÿ& nX -_§Owb -H§$O = gwÝXa H$_b Ho$ g_mZ MaU Ÿ& {H$Ýht br = AÀN>m {H$`m Ÿ&

153

3.10 DeY³eeme àíZ : * XrK© CÎma _ybH$ àíZ :

1) "H${dVmdbr' Ho$ AmYma na à_m{UV H$s{OE {H$ Vwbgr EH$ bmoH$_§JbmH$m§jr

^º$ h¢ Ÿ&

2) H${dVmdbr Ho$ H$mì`Ëd na àH$me S>m{bE Ÿ&

3) H${dVmdbr Ho$ mdnj na {dMma H$s{OE Ÿ&

4) Vwbgr H$m ì`{º$Ëd O¡gm H${dVmdbr _| ñnï> h¡ d¡gm AÝ`Ì Zht - à_m{UV H$s{OE Ÿ&

5) H${dVmdbr Ho$ H$bm-nj H$mo ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&

* g§{já AmbmoMZmË_H$ àíZ :{ZåZ{b{IV na g§{já {`ßnUr {b{IE :

1) Vwbgr H$s mfm

2) H${dVmdbr H$m à{VnmÚ

3) H${dVmdbr _| H${bdU©Z

4) H${dVmdbr _| Vwbgr Ho$ Xme©{ZH$ {dMma Ÿ&

5) n{R>V A§em| Ho$ AmYma na Vwbgr Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&

3.10 gàg§J ì`m»`m H$s{OE Ÿ&1) nJ Zynwa .......... H$m¡Z {OE Ÿ&

2) {S>J{V .......... Xë`m¡ Ÿ&

3) H$mb H$amb .......... {gYmE Ÿ&

4) gm§dao Jmoao .......... gHw$MmV {h`mo h¡ Ÿ&

5) nX H$mo_b .......... {gYmE Ÿ&

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3.11 g§X^© J«§W :1) H${dVmdbr - JrVm àog, JmoaInwa

2) Vwbgr J«§Wmdbr - Am. am_MÝÐ ewŠb Ÿ&

3) Vwbgr Xmg - S>m°. _mVmàgmX Jwá Ÿ&

4) VwbgrXmg - MÝÐ~br nmÊS>o Ÿ&

***

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qhXr (E .E.) - Utkal Universityddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_HINDI/Paper-17.pdf · 1 DDCE Utkal University qhXr (E_.E.) M.A. (Hindi) COURSES OF STUDY Certified that Syllabus & Courses