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(V)gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(VI)gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(VII)gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(VIII)gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


CopyrightPrincipalIndira Gandhi (Sr.) College, CIDCO, Nanded.

Edited byDr. G. N. ShindeDr. Miss. K. B. Gitte

PublisherIndira Gandhi (Sr.) College, CIDCO, Nanded.

Printed atMudra Offset Printers & ProcessorsM.G. Road, Nanded. Ph. : 242109

C

(1)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(2)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(3)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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Xygao eãXm| _|, `h gdmb ^r Cgr nwamZo gdmb go {_bVm-OwbVm h¡ {H$ ^maVr`gm{hË` AmO ^r {díd-gm{hË` H$s VwbZm _| H$m\$s nrN>o Š`m| h¡ ? adtÐ, eaX Am¡a ào_M§XH$mo AJa N>mo‹S> X| Vmo ^maVr` ^mfm H$m gm{hË` {díd-ñVa na ñdrH$mam Zht J`m h¡Ÿ& _amR>r Ho$à{gÕ X{bV-H$Wm boIH$ lr ~m~yamd ~mJwb Zo EH$ ñWmZ na H$hm h¡ {H$ ""AmO VH$ Ho$^maVr` gm{hË` H$s AZw y{V {d{eï> dJ©, `m Om{V`m| VH$ hr gr{_V ahr h¡Ÿ&'' Bg g§~§Y _|CXmhaU XoVo hþE CÝhm|Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ ^maVr` ^mfmAm| H$r VWmH${WV loîR> Ìmg{X`mo ~mb-{ddmh AWdm OaR> {ddmh go g§~§{YV h¢Ÿ& o XmoZm| àíZ Bg Xoe Ho$ Hw$N> dUm] VH$ gr{_V WoŸ&Bg H$maU BZ Xmo {df`m| na {bIr J`r H$bmH¥${V`m§ (ZmQ>H$, CnÝ`mg, H$hmZr) {díd-_mZgVH$ ghOVm go g§ào{fV Zht hmoVt Š`mo§{H$ ÌmgXr Ho$ _yb H$maU H$mo hr nmR>H$ ñdrH$ma Zht H$anmVmŸ& AJa ñdrH$ma H$a ^r b| Vmo Cgo EH$ {d{eï> dU© `m Om{V H$s aMZm _mZ ~¡R>Vm h¡Ÿ&Jwbm_r, yI, AnamY-d¥{Îm, AkmZ, X[aÐVm, Agwa[jVVm, `m¡Z-Hw§$R>mE§, Am{X Ho$ ~w{Z`mXràíZm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go _Zwî` H$s ÌmgXr H$mo ~VbmZo H$m àm_m{UH$ à`ËZ `hm§ hþAm hr Zht h¡Ÿ&gVr hmo OmZo dmbr AWdm O~aXñVr {MVm na {Ôdm`r JB© ór H$s _ZmoXem H$m {H$VZr ^rCËH$Q>Vm go {MÌ ItMm Om` Vmo ^r Cgo {díd ñVa na Amñdm{XV hmoZo _| {XŠH$V| n¡Xm hm|JrŸ&Š`m|{H$ Bg Vah Obm o OmZo H$m H$maU hr _mÝ` Zht hmoVmŸ&"" n[aUm_V: ^maVr` gm{hË`{d{eï> dJ© `m dU© H$s AZw y{V VH$ gr{_V ah OmVm h¡Ÿ& `h ~mV A~ ~hþV ñnîQ> ê$n go H$hZoH$m dŠV Am J`m h¡ {H$ A~ VH$ H$m ^maVr` gm{hË` dU©-ì`dñWm H$s Mm¡IQ>m| _| ~§X WmŸ&BYa Hw$N> dfm] go Yrao-Yrao Bg Mm¡IQ> H$mo Vmo‹S>Zo H$m à`ËZ hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& dU©{dhrZ Am¡aOm{V{dhrZ _mZ{gH$Vm VH$ nhþ§MZo Ho$ {bE `hm§ Ho$ gO©H$ H$mo EH$ b§~r b‹S>mB© IwX go b‹S>Zrn‹S>oJrŸ& Bg àH$ma H$s b‹S>mB© go JwOa H$a g¥OZ H$s ~hþAm`m{_Vm H$mo gO©ZmË_H$ ñVa na

(4)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{gÕ H$aZo dmbo EH$_mÌ gm{hË`H$ma ào_M§X hr h¢Ÿ& gO©Z H$s ~hþAm`m{_Vm H$mo gr{_V H$aZodmbr Bg dU©-ì`dñWm H$m Xmo hOma dfm] H$m b§~m B{Vhmg h¡Ÿ& Z Ho$db gO©Z H$m joÌ A{nVwAmbmoMZm H$m joÌ ^r Bggo _wŠV Zht h¡Ÿ& AmbmoMH$ Ho$ ê$n _o| ^r lr am_M§Ð ewŠb H$m _hÎd{Z{d©dmX h¡; ~mdOyX Bg _hÎd Ho$ do ñd § dU©-ì`dñWm H$s Mm¡IQ> go nyao _wŠV Zht Wo-

""O~ {H$ ewŠbOr _|, ~«m÷UdmXr Jy§Oo ñnï> h¢ Š`m|{H$ do H$~ra, XmXy X`mb ZmZH$Am{X g§Vm| H$mo nyU© ghmZw y{V Zht Xo gHo$Ÿ&''

- _Yw_Vr (Û¡_m{gH$), OwbmB©©-AJñV1984. "gm{hË` H$sg_mOemór`m {ddoMZ nÕ{V', {díd§ aZmW CnmÜ`m`Ÿ&

`h ghr h¡ {H$ qhXr VWm AÝ` ^maVr` ^mfmAm| H$s H$bmH¥${V`m| H$m AZwdmX {díd-âH$s AZoH$ ^mfmAm| _| hmo MwH$m h¡, na§Vw ~mdOyX Bg AZwdmX Ho$ {díd H$s loð> H$bmH¥${V`m| Ho$ê$n _| o AnZr nhMmZ Zht ~Zm gHo$ h¢Ÿ& `hm§ ~mV Zmo~ob nwañH$ma H$s Zht H$s Om ahr h¡;Š`m|{H$ `h nwañH$ma {_bZo go hr H$bmH¥${V loð> hmoVr h¡- Eogm Xmdm Zht h¡Ÿ& yamon Am¡a ê$gH$s H$B© H$bmH¥${V`m§ `h nwañH$ma Z nmVo hþE ^r {díd_mZg Ûmam ñdrH¥$V hþB© h¡, loð> H$hbmB©h¢Ÿ& Bggo `h ñnï> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ H$bmH¥${V H$s loð>Vm Cg_| ì`ŠV AZw y{V H$s {dídOZrZVmgo hr g§ d h¡Ÿ& àË oH$ H$bmH¥${V H$m g§~§Y Cg àXoe H$s {d{eï> ^mfm, g§ñH¥${V Am¡a n[adoego hmoVm h¡Ÿ& na Cgr g_` dh H$bmH¥${V Cn w©ŠV gr_mAm| H$mo MraH$a g_J« _Zwî`-Om{V H$mà{V{Z{YËd H$aZo _| gj_ hmoVr h¡, hmoZr Mm{hEŸ& g¥OZ Ho$ Ama§ go A§V VH$ dh AnZrO_rZ go {MnH$s hþB© hmoŸ& na§Vw Cgr g_` dh g§nyU© _mZdOm{V H$s AZw y{V H$mo ^r ñne©H$aVr OmEŸ& ~mX H$s Xygar pñW{V ^maVr` gm{hË` Ho$ g§X © _| nyU©V:Iar Zht CVaVrŸ&Š`m|{H$ gO©H$ Ûmam àñVwV nmÌ AnZr dUu` gr_m _| hr X_ Km|Q>Vo ahVo h¢Ÿ& {díd-_mZg H$s~mV Vmo OmZo Xr{OE do g_J« ^maVr` _Zwî` VH$ H$mo ñne© Zht H$a nmVoŸ& y§, gm{hË` Ho$emídV _yë` dJ¡ah H$s ^mfm `hm§ Zht à wŠV H$aZr h¡ Š`m|{H$ emídV _yë` {ZpíMV H$aHo$H$moB© ^r gm{hË`H$ma Zht {IbVm, A{nVw dh Omo ^moJVm h¡ Cgoo hr B©_mZXmar go {bIVm h¡Ÿ& dhOmo ^moJVm h¡ dh Cgo CgH$s g_mO-ì`dñWm go àmá hmoVm h¡Ÿ& ì`dñWm _| OrZo dmbo _Zwî` H$mXe©Z ^r H$amVm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg g§nyU© pñW{V H$mo dh Bg H$Xa g¥OZmË_H$ ñVa na bm boVm

(5)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h¡ {H$ AZOmZo _| dh pñW{V {díd _mZd H$s AZw y{V H$m BH$mB© ~Z OmEŸ& na§Vw Xw m©½` go AJaì`dñWm hr Mm¡IQ> _| ~§Q>r hþB© hmo; _Zwî`-_Zwî` _| Xrdma| I‹S>r hþB© hm|, BZ Xrdmam| Ho$ H$maUàË oH$ H$mo AnZo {d{eï> _`m©{XV dU© go CËnÞ `mVZm `m Xw:I àmá hmoVo hm| Vmo ñd^mdV: dh`mVZm {dídOZrZ Am¡a ~hþAm`m_r Zht ~Z gH$VrŸ&

H$hZm h_| `h h¡ {H$ ^maVr` ^mfmAm| Ho$ A{YH$ma boIH$m§o H$s g¥OZ-à{H«$`m _| dU©-ì`dñWm H$s _mZ{gH$Vm EH$ ~hþV ~‹S>r ~mYm Ho$ ê$n _| I‹S>r h¡Ÿ& dmñVd _| `h Xmof gO©H$m| H$mZht h¡; gZmVZr Am¡a àñWm{nV ì`dñWm H$m h¡ Omo Cgo gmd©OZrZ Zht hmoZo XoVrŸ& CgH$sg§doXZerbVm H$m {dH$mg hr Bg Mm¡IQ> _| hþAm hmoVm h¡; {Ogo Vmo‹S> nmZm ghO g§ d Zht h¡Ÿ&

{d{MÌ ~mV Vmo `h h¡ {H$ `hm§ H$s àË oH$ ^maVr` ^mfm H$m àXoe, ^mfm ~mobZo dmbm| H$sg§»`m, CgH$m B{Vhmg Am{X H$s VwbZm yamon Ho$ amï´>m| go H$s OmE Vmo do amï´> Am¡a dh ^mfm`hm§ H$s VwbZm _| N>moQ>r gm{~V hmo OmVr h¢Ÿ& na§Vw BZ N>moQ>o amï´>m| Zo, N>moQ>r ^mfmAm| Zo {díd H$moH$_-go -H$_ Xmo-VrZ loîR> H$bmH¥${V`m§ Xr h¢Ÿ& ê$g O¡go I§S>àm`: Xoe H$s ^mfm _| ({OgH$sVwbZm g§nyU© qhXr ^mfr àXoe go H$s Om gH$Vr h¡) {díd ñVa H$s XO©Zm| H$bmH¥${V`m§ {_bVrh¢ : na§Vw CgH$s VwbZm _| qhXr H$s Š`m pñW{V h¡ ? 1947 Ho$ nyd© Bg Xoe _| Omo OZ-Am§XmobZ hþE Cg na ^r loð> H$bmH¥${V`m§ H$hm§ h¢ ? Jm§Yr- wJ O¡go VoOñdr wJ na ^r h_mamgO©H$ {dídñVa H$s loð> H$bmH¥${V Zht Xo nm`m h¡, BgHo$ Š`m H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¢ ? "ñdV§ÌVmH$s ^mdZm' VWm Jwbm_r Ho$ à{V {VañH$ma' o Vmo {dídOZrZ ^mdZmE§ h¢; {\$a ^r h_mam gO©H$`hm§ Ag\$b Š`m| hmo OmVm h¡ ? `h ghr h¡ {H$ BZ Xmo {df`m| na `hm§ H$s ^mfmAm§o _| H$m\$s{bIm J`m h¡; na Omo ^r {bIm J`m h¡ dh A{YH$m§e Kmoa amo_m§{Q>H$, AmXe©dmXr H$mën{ZH$,AmÜ`mpË_H$ `m àmXo{eH$Vm _| \§$gm hþAm h¡Ÿ& g¥OZ Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ y{_ hmoVo hþE ^r `hm§H$m gO©H$ Cgo Pob Zht nm ahm h¡Ÿ& `h à{V^m H$s _`m©Xm h¡, Eogm dŠVì` XoZo Ho$ ~Om` `hH$hZm A{YH$ g§JV hmoJm {H$ `hm§ H$s g_mO-ì`dñWm/dU©-ì`dñWm hr boIH$ H$mo ì`mnH$ñVa na Zht OmZo XoVrŸ& Am¡am| H$s `mVZm H$mo dh ghmZw y{V, X`m AWdm AOZ~r ì`pŠV H$sVah hr _hgyg H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Cg `mVZm Am¡a pñW{V H$mo EH$ hr g_` VQ>ñW, {Z{d©H$ma Am¡aEH$mË_ hmoH$a dh J«hU Zht H$a nmVmŸ& gO©H$ H$s Bg àH$ma H$s _mZ{gH$Vm Ho$ {bE `hm§ H$s

(6)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ì`dñWm {Oå_oXma h¡Ÿ& n[aUm_V: gO©Z H$s EH$ gnmQ> y{_ na hr dh {dMaU H$aVm ah OmVmh¡, CgH$s ~hþAm`m{_Vm H$mo J«hU Zht H$a nmVmŸ& Am¡a O~ dh H$aVm ^r h¡, Vmo H$bmH¥${V `mVmo amo_m§{Q>H$ ~Z OmVr h¡ `m AmXe©dmXrŸ&

^maVr` _mZ{gH$Vm H$s nmI§S>r d¥{Îm ^r g¥OZ H$s ~hþAm`m{_Vm _| ~mYm CnpñWVH$aVr h¡Ÿ& dU©-ì`dñWm Ho$ H$maU D$na Ho$ VrZ dUm] _| ~ohX "Ah_²' Am¡a Mm¡Wo dU© _| hX goA{YH$ "hrZVm J«§[W' hOmam| dfm] go ~Zr hþB© h¡Ÿ& loîR>Ëd AWdm hrZËd go hQ>o J¡a ghr g¥OZg§ d Zht h¡Ÿ& loð>Vm H$s `h d¥{Îm BVZm gyú_ ê$n YmaU H$a MwH$s h¡ {H$ dh g¥OZ H$sAm`m{_Vm H$mo ^rVa- hr-^rVa go gr{_V H$a XoVr h¡Ÿ& gO©H$ `WmW© AZw y{V H$mo g¥OZ Ho$ñVa na boVm h¡Ÿ& CgH$s A{^ì`pŠV ^r H$aVm OmVm h¡; na§Vw CÎmamÕ© _| Bg Vrd«V_ AZw y{VH$mo gyú_ ñVam| H$mo dh `m Vmo nH$‹S> Zht nmVm AWdm CgH$s dmñV{dH$Vm VH$ nhþ§M Zht nmVmŸ&_¢ \$bm§ dU© H$m hÿ§; (AWdm Om{V H$m) Eogm {bIy§ Vmo bmoJ Š`m H$h|Jo; g_mO Š`m H$h§oJm- H$sd¥{Îm CâZo bJVr h¡Ÿ& `h d¥{Îm hr gyú_ ê$n YmaU H$a g¥OZ _| ~mYm n¡Xm H$a XoVr h¡Ÿ& Am¡anmI§S>r d¥{Îm CâZo bJVr h¡Ÿ& n[aUm_V: dh `WmW© H$mo _obmo-S´>o_o{Q>H$ ~Zm XoVm h¡Ÿ& AWdm dhAmXe©dmX Ho$ ZH$br _wIm¡Q>o nhZmZo bJVm h¡Ÿ& ào_M§X H$s àma§{^H$ H$hm{Z`m§ ^r Bggo _wŠVZht h¢Ÿ& dmñVd _| Bg Xoe H$s g_mO-ì`dñWm Am¡a Y_© Zo gVV EH$ H$mën{ZH$ Xw{Z`m H$s{Z{_©{V H$s h¡Ÿ& Bg n«H$ma H$s H$mën{ZH$Vm ì`dñWm H$mo ~Zm o aIZo Ho$ {bE Oê$ar WrŸ& hOmam|dfm] Ho$ g§ñH$mam| Ho$ H$maU Bg àH$ma H$s `h Xygar Xw{Z`m AmO g¥OZ _| ~mYm ~Z ~¡R>r h¡Ÿ&`h Xygar Xw{Z`m amo_m§§{Q>H$Vm, AmXe©dmX Am¡a \§$Q>mgr go ~Zr hþB© h¡Ÿ& Bg Xygar Xw{Z`m H$s_yë`-ì`dñWm _| loð>-H${ZîR> H$s ^mdZm ÑT> h¡; `h Xw{Z`m _ZwO-{damoYr h¡Ÿ& `hr dh_mZ{gH$Vm h¡ Omo àË oH$ H$mo {d{eï> àH$ma go gmoMZo Am¡a OrZo Ho$ {bE _O~ya H$a XoVr h¡& BgXw{Z`m go hQ>H$a O~ gO©H$ AmJo ~T>Zm MmhVm h¡; Vmo Cg_| Û§Û n¡Xm hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a `h Û§ÛA§VV: AmXe©, amo_m§{Q>H$Vm AWdm _obmoS´>m_m H$s Amoa bo OmVm h¡Ÿ&

EH$ Vrgar pñW{V `h ^r h¡ `hm§ H$s Om{V VWm dU©-ì`dñWm {H$gr AXZo go boIH$H$mo ~‹S>m boIH$ ~Zm XoVr h¡Ÿ& boIH$ Ho$ Ama§[^H$ dfm] _| hr CgH$mo CN>mbm OmVm h¡Ÿ& g^r Amoago àe§gm ewê$ hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ& n[aUm_V: boIZ H$s Kmoa ñnYm© go Cgo JwOaZm Zht n‹S>VmŸ& AJa

(7)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$moB© g_rjH$ CgH$s H$R>moa g_rjm H$ao (Am¡a Xw m©½` go dh Xygar Om{V `m dU© H$m hmo) VmoCg g_rjm H$mo `h H$hH$a Q>mbm OmVm h¡ {H$ `h g_rjH$ VQ>ñW Zht h¡Ÿ& OmZ-~yPH$aCgH$m {damoY {H$`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ& CgH$s Om{V Ho$ g§nmXH$/àH$meH$/ AmbmoMH$ CgH$s àe§gmŠ`m H$a|Jo, Cg na boI Š`m N>mn|Jo, CgH$s nwñVH|$ Š`m IarX|Jo- n[aUm_V: ~hþV hr H$_g_` _| Wmo‹S>r-gr g¥OZmË_H$Vm Am¡a _m¡{bH$Vm Ho$ H$maU dh EH$X_ à{V{ð>V Am¡a à{gÕhmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo A~ VH$ Ho$ boIZ H$mo gd©loîR> _mZH$a Cgr H$mo dh {^Þ-{^Þ{dYmAm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go XwhamZo bJVm h¡Ÿ& Z`r MwZm¡{V`m§ ñdrH$ma H$aZm dh N>mo‹S> XoVm h¡Ÿ& H$R>moag_rjm H$mo AÝV_w©I hmoH$a ñdrH$maZo H$s pñW{V _| dh ah Zhr§ nmVmŸ& CgHo$ Amgnmg Ho$ bmoJ^r Cgo gmoMZo go amoH$ XoVo h¢Ÿ& n[aUm_V: AmË_ narjU H$s à{H«$`m hr g_má hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ&AmnZr Ûmam ~Zm o J o "Q>oã yO' `m "JwQ>" _| hr dh g§Vmof H$s qOXJr OrZo bJVm h¡Ÿ&

ñdmV§Í`moÎma ^maV _o§ amOZr{VH$ {dMmam| H$s njYaVm ^r EH$ gr_m VH$ ~hþAm`m{_VmHo$ {bE EH$ gr_m ~ZVr Om ahr h¡Ÿ&

Bg_| H$moB© g§Xoh Zht {H$ ^maVr` _mZg ^rVa go AnZo H$mo AË`{YH$ gwa{jV _hgygH$aVm ahm h¡Ÿ& Am{W©H$ ñVa Hw$N> ^r hm| na§Vw ^rVar ñVa _| gwa{jVVm h¡Ÿ& `h gwa{jVVm CgodU©-ì`dñWm go àmá hþB© h¡- `h {Z{d©dmX h¡Ÿ& Bgr gwa{jVVm Ho$ H$maU g¥OZmË_H$Vm Ho$ ñVana ~ohX amo_m§{Q>H$ AmXe©dmXr Am¡a _obmoS´>o_o{Q>H$ ~Z OmVm h¡Ÿ&

OrdZ Ho$ {d{dY AZw d-joÌm| _| {dMaU H$aZo Ho$ {bE {Og àH$ma H$m _wŠV _Z,ñdV§Ì à{V^m Am¡a VH©$g§JV ~w{Õ Mm{hE, CgH$m A^md `hm§ Ho$ gO©H$ Ho$ nmg h¡Ÿ& boIZ Ho${bE H$R>moa n[al_ H$aZo H$s CgH$s d¥{Îm ^r Zht h¡Ÿ& na§nam go àmamá Ah§d¥{Îm go _wŠV hmoH$aghO _mZdr` YamVb na O~ VH$ dh Om Zht nmEJm V~ VH$ CgH$m g¥OZ {d{eï> Xmào _|hr Ky_Vm ahoJmŸ&

gy`©ZmamÙ aUgwô_mo-9423735393

***

(8)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Amo_ àH$me dmë_r{H$ H$s AmË_H$Wm 'OyR>>Z' _| {M{ÌV X{bV-A§Vì ©Wm

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - I-II

S>m°. {edha {~amXmaE{gñQ>§Q> àmo\o$ga,

Aamoam {S>J«r E§S> nr.Or. H$m°boO,{MH$S>nëbr, h¡Xam~mXŸ& 500029

Amo_ àH$me dmë_r{H$' H$m OÝ_ 30 OyZ 1950 H$mo ~abm, OZnX _w>‹>Oâ\$aZJa,CËVa àXoe _| hþAmŸ& BZH$s Ama§{^H$ {ejm ~abm _| g§nÝZ hþB©Ÿ& AmJo H$s n‹>T>mB© Ho$ {bE doJwdmhQ>r JEŸ& 'Myh‹S>m' Om{V Ho$ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU CÝh| AZoH$ `mVZmE± ghZ H$aZr n‹S>rŸ& BZH$s$àH$m{eV H¥${V`m± - 'g{X`m| H$m g§Vmn' (H$mì` g§J«h), '~ñg ~hþV hmo MwH$m' BZH$m XygamH${dVm g§J«h h¡Ÿ& H$B© nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| _| BZH$s H$hm{Z`m±, boI àH$m{eV hþE h¢Ÿ& BZH$sH${dVmAm| Ed§ H$hm{Z`m| H$m AZwdmX {d{^ÝZ ^mfmAm| _| hþAm h¡Ÿ& dmë_r{H$ gm{hË` Ho$ gmWa§J_§M _| ^r H$mµ\$r é{M aIVo h¢Ÿ& BÝhm|Zo H$B© ZmQ>H$m| H$m {ZX}eZ {H$`m h¡ Am¡a A{^Z` ^r{H$`m h¡Ÿ& ^maV gaH$ma H$s Ho$ÝÐr` H¥${f g§ñWmZ _| Amn H$m ©aV h¢Ÿ&

'OyR>Z' Amo_ àH$me dmë_r{H$ H$s AmË_H$Wm h¡Ÿ& AnZo OrdZ Ho$ H$Qw> AZw dm| H$mboIm-OmoIm CZH$s Bg AmË_H$Wm _| A{^ì`ŠV hþAm h¡Ÿ& X{bV OrdZ H$s nr‹S>m, ì`Wm Am¡aAghZr` AZw d gm{hpË`H$ A{^ì`{ŠV Ho$ {bE Vag ahm WmŸ& g_mO _| ì`má dU©-ì`dñWm,_V oX, oX^md, H«y$a A_mZdr` ì`dhma Ho$ {déX²Y AmdmµO CR>mZo VWm AnZr A§Vd}XZm H$modmUr XoZo H$m _hËdnyU© H$m © dmë_r{H$ Zo {H$`m h¡Ÿ&

boIH$ H$m Ka EH$ V§J ~ñVr _| h¡Ÿ& Ohm± J§XJr Ho$ Abmdm Hw$N> Zht WmŸ& Ky_VogyAa, Z§J-YS>§J ~ÀMo, J§Xm nmZr, Iwbr ~hVr Zm{b`m±Ÿ Eogo dmVmdaU _| boIH$ AnZm OrdZ~rVm aho WoŸ& boIH$ Ho$ nyao n[adma _| nm±M ^mB©, EH$ ~hZ, Xmo MmMm Am¡a EH$ VmD$ WoŸ& MmMm,VmD$ H$m Ka AbJ WmŸ& Ka _| ha H$moB© Hw$N> Z Hw$N> H$m_ µOê$a H$aVo WoŸ& ~mdOyX BgHo$

(9)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


CZH$mo noQ> â ImZm Zgr~ Zht hmoVm WmŸ& H$^r AYnoQ> Im {b`m, Vmo H$^r nmZr nrH$a `m _m‹S>nrH$a {XZ {ZH$b OmVm WmŸ& Myh‹S>m Om{V Ho$ gmW AÝ` bmoJm| H$m ì`dhma ~hþV A_mZdr` WmŸ&Owbmhm, Ë`mJr Am{X Om{V Ho$ bmoJ AnZo AmnH$mo Myh‹S>m Om{V go CÀM Ed§ _hmZ g_PVo WoŸ&~«m÷Um| H$s Vmo ~mV hr Hw$N> Amoa Wr, do Myh‹S>m Om{V Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo AnZo Amg-nmg ^r \$Q>H$ZoZht XoVo WoŸ& Myh‹S>m Om{V Ho$ ì`{ŠV go ~mV H$aZo dmbo H$mo O~ CgH$s Om{V H$m nVm MbVm h¡,V~ do AnZm _w±h \o$a boVo h¢Ÿ& BVZo na Zht éH$H$a CZHo$ Zm_ _m±-~hZ H$s VrZ Mma ^X²XrJm{b`m± ^r XoVo h¢Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ H«y$a ì`dhma Ho$ ~rM boIH$ H$m OrdZ ~rVm WmŸ&

~abm Jm±d _| boIH$ H$s n‹>T>Zo H$s BÀN>m XoIH$a CZHo$ {nVm CÝh| Jm±d H$s nmR>embm_| ^Vu H$amZo bo OmVo h¢Ÿ& hm± - Zm H$aVo-H$aVo H$B© {XZm| Ho$ ~mX ñHy$b Ho$ _mñQ>a "ha\y$bqgh' boIH$ H$mo ñHy$b _| Xm{Ibm XoVo h¢Ÿ& Myh‹S>m Om{V H$m hmoZo Ho$ H$maU nmR>embm Ho$ hoS>_mñQ>a boIH$ go nyar ñHy$b _| PmSy> bJdmVm h¡Ÿ& H$jm go boIH$ H$mo Jbm nH$‹S>H$a ~mha{ZH$mbH$a ñHy$b _| PmSy> bJmZo Ho$ {bE oOVo hþE H$hVm h¡ - "Om bJm nyao _¡XmZ _| PmSy ZhtVmo {_Mu S>mbH$a ñHy$b go ~mha H$m‹T> Xy±JmŸ&' Bg ~mV H$m nVm O~ boIH$ Ho$ {nVm H$mo Mbm VmoCÝhm|Zo Bg ì`dhma Ho$ {damoY _| AmdmµO CR>mB©Ÿ& Cg AmdmµO H$mo gwZZodmbm H$moB© Zht WmŸ&boIH$ H$s _m± AmR>-Xg Kam| H$s (~¡R>H$ImZm, _do{e`m| H$mo ~m±YZo H$s OJh) gmµ\$-gµ\$mB© H$aXmo-Mma X_‹S>r H$_m boVr WrŸ& Bg H$m_ _| boIH$ H$s ~hZ Am¡a ^mB© "Og~ra', "OZoga' ^r_XX H$aVo h¢Ÿ& "gwI~ra' Vmo Ë`m{J`m| Ho$ `hm± dm{f©H$ Zm¡H$a WmŸ&

emXr-ã`mh Ho$ _m¡Ho$ na O~ bmoJ ImZm ImVo ahVo h¢, V~ Myh‹S> Om{V Ho$ bmoJ ~mhaI‹S>o hmoH$a PyR>o nËVbm| H$m B§VµOma H$aVo ahVo h¢Ÿ& PyR>r nËVbm| _| ~Mr-Hw$Mr OyR>Z {_bZo H$sAmg CÝh| Bg{bE hmoVr h¡ {H$ emXr-ã`mh _| Vah-Vah Ho$ ì §OZ ~ZmE OmVo h¢Ÿ& PyR>o nËVbm|H$m ~Mm hþAm AÝZ {_bZo Ho$ ~mX CZH$s Iwer H$m {R>H$mZm Zht ahVmŸ& dh {XZ CZHo$ {bE{H$gr Ë`m¡hma go H$_ Zht hmoVm WmŸ& boIH$ H$s _m± "gwIXod' Zm_H$ Ë`mJr Ho$ `hm± gmµ\$-gµ\$mB© H$m H$m_ H$aVr WrŸ& Ë`mJr Ho$ Ka _| emXr H$s XmdV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& boIH$ H$s _m± H$m ©H«$_ Ho$~mX Hw$N> ImZo Ho$ {bE _m±JVr h¡, V~ gwIXod Ë`mJr H$hVm h¡ - ""Q>moH$am â Vmo OyR>Z bo Om

(10)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ar h¡...D$na go OmVH$m| Ho$ {bE ImZm _m±J ahr h¡? AnZr Am¡µH$mV _| ah Myh‹S>rŸ&'' `h gwZH$a_m± V¡e _| AmH$a H$hVr h¡ - ""Bgo T>mHo$ AnZo Ka _| Ya boŸ& H$b V‹S>Ho$ ~mam{V`m| H$mo ZmíVo _|{Ibm XoUmŸ&''

Myh‹S>m Om{V _| {hÝXy Y_© H$s Vah {dYdm-{ddmh na AmíM © Zht OVm`m OmVmŸ&boIH$ Ho$ ^mB© gwI~ra Ho$ Xohm§V Ho$ ~mX CgH$s {dYdm H$m {ddmh N>moQ>o ^mB© Og~ra go H$am XoVoh¢Ÿ& {Ogo n[adma Am¡a g_mO _| gabVm go ñdrH$ma H$a {b`m WmŸ&

nm±Mdt H$jm Ho$ ~mX boIH$ H$s n‹>T>mB© _| H$B© A‹S>MZ| AmBªŸ& na§Vw boIH$ Ho$ _Z _|n‹>T>mB© H$mo boH$a Omo OµµÁ~m Wm, CgHo$ ~b~yVo boIH$ g^r g§H$Q>m| go Xmo-Mma hmW H$aZo bJmŸ&boIH$ gyAa MamZo bJo WoŸ& AmJo H$s n‹>T>mB© Ho$ {bE n¡go Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU, CZH$s _m± H$mo AnZrnmOo~ ~oMZr n‹S>r WrŸ& Ë`mJr Ho$ b‹S>Ho$ boIH$ H$mo h_oem gVm`m H$aVo WoŸ& Jm{b`m± ~H$Zm,^bm-~yam H$hZm `h g~ boIH$ MwnMmn ghVo WoŸ& CZH$s `h naoemZr V~ Hw$N> H$_ hþB©, O~CZH$s XmoñVr "M§Ðnmb' Zm_H$ N>mÌ go hþB©Ÿ&

dmë_r{H$ H$mo {dX² mb` _| àdoe {_b OmVm h¡Ÿ& na§Vw dhm± ^r CZH$s Om{V H$mo boH$aCZHo$ gmW nam onZ H$m ì`dhma {H$`m OmVm WmŸ& {dX² mb` Ho$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m ©H«$_ go CÝh|Xya aIm OmVm h¡Ÿ& BÝht {XZm| boIH$ "eaVM§Ð', "ào_M§X', "adrÝÐZmW Q>¡Jmoa' Am{X H$sH$hm{Z`m± n‹>T>H$a AnZr _m± H$mo gwZmZo bJo WoŸ& 1993 _| boIH$ H$mo "amO|Ð `mXd' H$m EH$ nÌ{_bmŸ& nÌ _| boIH$ H$mo H$hmZr nR>Z Ho$ {bE {Xëbr ~wbm`m J`m WmŸ& boIH$ Zo nhbr ~maAnZr H$hmZr "amOo§Ð `mXd' Ho$ g_j {Xëbr _| n‹>T>r WrŸ&

"~abm' Jm±d _| Myh‹S>m| H$s g_ñ`mE± dfm© F$Vw _| Am¡a ^r ~‹>T> OmVr h¢Ÿ& Ohm±-Vhm± nmZr,N>V go Q>nH$Vm, Xrdmao ^r JbH$a {Ja OmVr h¡, KwQ>Zo VH$ nmZr Am¡a AmR>-AmR>, Xg-Xg{XZm| VH$ _m§‹S> H$m nmZr nrH$a `m {\$a {~Zm Hw$N> ImE hr {XZ JwµOmaZm n‹S>Vm WmŸ& BZ g^rg_ñ`mAm| go boIH$ JwOa MwHo$ h¢Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo CZ g^r g_ñ`mAm| H$mo ^moJm WmŸ&

boIH$ H$s Om{V Ho$ bmoJm| _| A§Y{dídmg Hy$Q>-Hy$Q>H$a âm n‹S>m WmŸ& A§J _| ^JdmZH$s gdmar, gyAa H$mQ>Zm, eam~ M‹>T>mZm `h g~ Ë`m¡hmam| na Adí` hmoVm WmŸ& boIH$ H$mo qhgm

(11)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


go gŠV Zµ\$aV WrŸ& CÝhm|Zo H$^r ^r gyAa Zht H$mQ>m WmŸ& Ho$db EH$ ~ma {nVmOr Ho$ H$hZona Ny>ao go CÝhm|Zo gyAa H$mQ>m WmŸ& gyAa H$mQ>Zm boIH$ H$mo ng§X Zht h¡, `h CZH$s _m± H$moO~ nVm Mbm V~ go Kadmbm| Zo boIH$ Ho$ gmW H$^r ‹>O~aXñVr Zht H$sŸ& ImZXmZr H$m_ hmoZoHo$ ~mdOyX boIH$ Bg H$m © go Xya ahVo WoŸ&

boIH$ {Og {dX² mb` _| n‹T>Vo Wo, Cg {dX² mb` Ho$ àmMm © "{^ŠIyam_' WoŸ&àmMm © hmoH$a ^r CÝh| AÜ`mnH$m| Ho$ {ZOr H$m © H$aZo n‹S>>Vo WoŸ& EH$ {XZ boIH$ {^ŠIyam_ Ho$gmW gmB©{H$b na Johÿ± H$m H$Q>²R>m bmZo Xygao Jm±d J oŸ& dhm± H$s _oh_mZ ZdmµOr XoIH$a boIH$H$mo ~hþV àgÞVm hþB©Ÿ& O~ boIH$ Zo$ dhm± Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo ~Vm`m {H$ do Myh‹S>m Om{V Ho$ h¢, V~ dhm±Ho$ EH$ ~wµOwJ© Zo bmQ>r CR>mB© Am¡a Xo _mar {^ŠIyam_ H$s nrR> naŸ& {^ŠIyam_ boIH$ go H$hVo h¢{H$ CÝh| gM ~VmZo H$s Š`m µOê$aV Wr, ~oH$ma _| _ma n‹S>r Am¡a ~oBÁµOV ^r hmoZm n‹S>mŸ&~mdOyX BgHo$ boIH$ Zo H$^r PyR> Zht ~mobmŸ& CÝh| bJVm Wm {H$ Om{V Nw>nmZo go Š`m {_boJm?Am¡a {H$VZm| go dh AnZr Om{V {N>nmVo {\$a|JoŸ? gM Vmo dh H$h|Jo, A~ Bg gM H$m gm_ZmbmoJ H¡$go H$aVo h¢ `h CZ na {Z ©a h¡Ÿ&

boIH$ H$mo AnZo {dX² mb` Ho$ AÜ`mnH$m| X²dmam H$B© ~ma An_m{ZV hmoZm n‹S>m WmŸ&EH$ {XZ boIH$ Zo _mñQ>a gmh~ go "am_M[aV _mZg' Ho$ EH$ A§e H$mo g_PmZo Ho$ {bE H$hVoh¢, V~ _mñQ>a gmh~ H$hVo h¢Ÿ -" Š`m| ao Myh‹S>o ! ~m_Z ~ZZo Mbm h¡ Š`m?' Bgr Vah EH$ ~maO~ _mñQ>a Or 'ÐmoUmMm ©' Ho$ g§~§Y _| ~VmVo hþE `h H$h aho Wo {H$ ÐmoUmMm © Ho$ nmg XyY ZhthmoZo Ho$ H$maU CÝhm|Zo AmQ>o _| nmZr {_bmH$a Cgo XyY H$s Vah AnZo ~oQ>o H$mo {nbm`m WmŸ& `hgwZVo hr boIH$ I‹S>o hmoH$a H$hVo h¢ - ""_mñQ>a Or h_ Vmo _m§‹S> nrVo h¢ {\$a h_ma D$na H$moB©_hmH$mì` Š`m| Zht {bIm J`mŸ&'' boIH$ Ho$ o ~mob _mñQ>a gmh~ H$mo ^rVa VH$ Mw J o Wo,CÝhmoZo Amd XoIm Z Vmd ~g boIH$ H$mo nrQ>Zo bJoŸ& Bg àH$ma boIH$ H$mo _mZ{gH$ Am¡aemar[aH$ XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ AË`mMma PobZo n‹S>o WoŸ&

Myh‹S>m| Ho$ à{V g_mO Ho$ A_mZdr` ì`dhma H$mo XoIH$a boIH$ _| {dÐmoh H$s ^mdZmOmJ¥V hmo ahr WrŸ& Om{V-Y_© Ho$ Zm_ na CZHo$ gmW hmoZo dmbo A^Ð ì`dhma, _mZ{gH$ Ed§

(12)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


emar[aH$ emofU `h g~ CÝh| Agø hmo ahm WmŸ& CÝh| Bg ~mV H$s µOê$aV _hgyg hmo ahr Wr{H$ A~ Mwh‹S>m| H$s MoVZm H$mo OmJ¥V H$aZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& Myh‹S>m| _| AnZo ñdm{^_mZ Am¡añdV§ÌVm Ho$ à{V OmJéH$Vm bmZm CÝh| A{Zdm © bJ ahm WmŸ& boIH$ Ho$ {nVm H$s ^r `hr BÀN>mWr {H$ CZH$m ~oQ>m nT>-{bIH$a ~‹S>m Aµ\$ga ~Z OmEŸ&

boIH$ H$mo AnZr AmJo H$s n‹T>mB© H$aZo Ho$ {bE AnZo _m_m Ho$ nmg JwdmhQ>r OmZmn‹S>mŸ& dhm± CZH$s XmoñVr EH$ "OmQ>d' Om{V Ho$ "ho_bmb' go hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ& boIH$ H$mo ~m~mA§~oS>H$a >Ho$ ~mao _| ~VmZo dmbm ho_bmb nhbm ì`{º$ WmŸ& boIH$ Jm±Yr, Zohé, {VbH$,^JVqgh Ho$ ~mao _| n‹T> MwHo$ WoŸ& A§~o‹S>H$a H$mo n‹T>Zo H$m _m¡H$m ho_bmb X²dmam Xr JB© nwñVH$"S>m°.A§~o‹S>H$a … OrdZ n[aM`' go {_bmŸ& Bg nwñVH$ H$s aMZm M§{ÐH$m àgmX {Okmgw Zo H$sWrŸ& Bg nwñVH$ H$mo n‹T>Zo Ho$ ~mX boIH$ Ho$ {dMmam| _| àJ{V hþB©Ÿ& A§~o‹S>H$a Ho$ {dMmam| Zo CZH$sAm±Im| na bJr Yyb H$mo gmµ\$ H$a {X`m WmŸ& A§~o‹S>H$a H$m OrdZ-g§Kf© ha Myh‹S>o, §Jr,X{bV Om{V Ho$ ~ƒo, ~y‹T>o Am¡a OdmZ Ho$ OrdZ go {_bVm-OwbVm WmŸ& X{bVm| Ho$ OrdZ H$sH$éU JmWm A§~o‹S>H$a Ho$ Cg OrdZ n[aM` _| _m¡OyX WrŸ, Omo gm¡ à{VeV gË` WrŸ&>

XohamXyZ _| boIH$ H$mo B§Q>a H$s n‹>T>mB© Ho$ {bE S>r.E.dr. H$m°boO _| àdoe {_b J`m WmŸ&dhm± Ho$ N>mÌm| Zo ^r boIH$ H$m Iy~ _µOmH$ C‹S>m`mŸ& H$^r CZH$s XohmVr doe yfm H$mo boH$a, VmoH$^r CZH$s Om{V H$mo boH$a CZH$mo An_m{ZV {H$`m OmVm WmŸ& boIH$ Zo "O¡gm Xog d¡gm og'dmbr H$hmdV H$mo M[aVmW© H$aVo hþE Hw$N> hr {XZm| _| ehar ahZ-ghZ Am¡a nhZmd H$mo grI{b`m WmŸ& {XZ-~-{XZ CZH$s n‹T>Zo H$s BÀN>m Vrd«" hmoVr Om ahr WrŸ& na§Vw Hw$N> hr {XZm| ~mXCÝh| {Zame hmoZm n‹S>mŸ& CZH$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V {dnÝZ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU, CÝh| AmJo H$s n‹T>mB©amoH$Zr n‹S>rŸ& XohamXyZ _| hr boIH$ Zo Aào§{Q>g ~ZH$a Am°{S>©Z|g \¡$ŠQ>ar _| à{ejU boZmAma§ H$a {X`mŸ& boIH$ H$mo EH$ gm¡ gmV ê$n o ^ËVo Ho$ Vm¡a na {_b OmVo WoŸ& boIH$ H$moIwer Bg ~mV H$s Wr {H$ CÝhmo§Zo AnZo ImZXmZr noeo H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a EH$ ZE àH$ma H$m H$m_ ewé{H$`m h¡Ÿ&

(13)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


boIH$ A~ AmË_{Z ©a ~ZZo Ho$ gnZo XoIZo bJo WoŸ& CÝh| g_mO _| AnZr EH$ AbJ nhMmZ~ZmZr Wr Am¡a ñd § H$mo ñWm{nV ^r H$aZm WmŸ& EH$ df© ~mX boIH$ EH$ à{V`mo{JVm narjm _|nmg hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a AmJo Ho$ à{ejU Ho$ {bE CÝh| O~bnwa OmZm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& A~ boIH$"Am{S>©Z|g µ\°$ŠQ>ar, O~bnwa' _| à{ejU nmZo bJo WoŸ& `hm± CÝh| hm°ñQ>b _| ahZo H$s gw{dYmCnbãY WrŸ& Bg hm°ñQ>b _| ^r CÝh| Hw$N> AmË_r` {_Ì {_bo Vmo Hw$N> Om{V Ho$ Zm_ na CZH$moàVm{‹S>V H$aZo dmbo ^r {_boŸ& A~ VH$ Ho$ AZw d go boIH$ bmoJm| X²dmam {H$E OmZo dmboAn_mZ Ho$ AmXr hmo MwHo$ WoŸ& g~Hw$N> gwZ-gwZH$a CZHo$ H$mZ nH$ JE WoŸ& Bg{bE A~ bmoJm|Ho$ VmZm| H$m CZna H$moB© Aga Zht n‹S>Vm WmŸ& CÝh| ehar bmoJm| na Vag AmVm WmŸ& XohmVr bmoJm|H$m Om{V-nm{V Ho$ Zm_ na oX^md H$aZm CÝh| Hw$N> hX VH$ ~wam Zht bJVm WmŸ& na§Vw eham| _|n‹T>o-{bIo AZn‹T>m| H$mo Om{V-nm{V H$mo boH$a oX^md H$aVo hþE XoI CÝh| ~hþV XwI nhþ±MVmWmŸ&O~bnwa _| à{ejU nyU© hmoZo Ho$ ~mX boIH$ H$mo _w§~B© _| {XE OmZo dmbo à{ejU Ho$ {bE MwZmJ`m WmŸ& _w§~B© OmZo Ho$ {bE CZHo$ nmg n¡go Zht WoŸ& O~bnwa Ho$ EH$ d[að> à{ejH$ Zo CÝh| gm¡én o Am¡a boIH$ Ho$ EH$ gmWr "ènmb' Zo ^r gm¡ én o {XE WoŸ& _w§~B© _| boIH$ H$s é{MZmQ>H$m| H$s Amoa ~‹T> ahr WrŸ& _w§~B© _| CÝh| AZwHy$b >dmVmdaU {_bmŸ& Bg Xm¡amZ nyZm _|"J±dB©-~§Yw H$m§S>' hmo J`m WmŸ& "J±dB©-~§YwAm|' Zo EH$ _| Jm±d _| g§dUm] H$s Am±I| \$mo‹S> Xr WrŸ& BgKQ>Zm Ho$ ~mX _w§~B© Am¡a nyZm Ho$ dmVmdaU _| EH$ àH$ma H$m VZmd Am J`m WmŸ& Bg KQ>Zm ZoboIH$ Ho$ _Z na Jham à^md S>mbm WmŸŸ& Bgr KQ>Zm H$mo AmYma ~ZmH$a boIH$ Zo EH$ boI{bIm Am¡a "Zd^maV Q>mBåg' (~§~B©) H$mo oOm Am¡a dh boI N>n ^r J`m WmŸ& boIH$ Ho$ CgboI H$m {damoY "{ed goZm' Ho$ g_W©H$m| Zo {H$`m Am¡a CZHo$ CÀM A{YH$mar Zo CÝh| Y_H$s Xr{H$ Xw~mam Eogr µJbVr H$amoJo Vmo H$m_ go hmW YmoZm n‹S>oJmŸ&

ZmQ>H$m| _| é{M hmoZo Ho$ H$maU boIH$ H$m n[aM` H$B© bmoJm| go hþAmŸ& CZ_| "Hw$bH$Uu'^r EH$ WoŸ& CZH$s ~oQ>r "g{dVm' go boIH$ Kwb{_b JE WoŸ& XmoZm| EH$ Xygao H$mo MmhZo ^r bJo

(14)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Wo, na§Vw O~ Hw$bH$Uu H$mo boIH$ H$s Om{V H$m nVm Mbm V~ boIH$ H$mo g{dVm H$mo N>mo‹S>Zmn‹S>mŸ& Bg àH$ma CZHo$ {Xb Ho$ Aa_m± Am¡a ß`ma nmZo H$m gnZm g~ Hw$N> Mya-Mya hmo J`mŸ&

boIH$ Ho$ n[adma dmbo emXr Ho$ {bE CZHo$ nrN>o n‹S> JE WoŸ& A§V _o| "M§Xa' Cµ\©$"M§ÐH$bm' go CZH$m {ddmh hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& boIH$ Zo M§Xa H$mo ñd § ng§X {H$`m WmŸ& emXr Ho$ ~mXboIH$ H$m V~mXbm M§Ðnwa (_hmamï´>) H$mo hmoVm h¡Ÿ& gnËZrH$ boIH$ M§Ðnwa _| ahZo bJVo h¢Ÿ& dhm±XmoZm| {_bH$a a§J_§M H$m H$m © ^r Ama§ H$a XoVo h¢Ÿ& boIH$ H$s nËZr CZgo gXm `h H$hVrahVr Wr {H$ Amn AnZo Zm_ Ho$ AmJo "dmë_r{H$' _V {bIm H$s{OEŸ& Bggo AnZr Om{V H$mnVm Mb OmVm h¡Ÿ& boIH$ H$s nËZr CZH$m d§eJmoÌ "I¡admb' AnZo Zm_ Ho$ AmJo {bIZo naA{YH$ ~b XoVr WrŸ&Bg àH$ma h_ XoIVo h¢ {H$ boIH$ Zo AnZo OrdZ Ho$ AÀN>o-~wao g^r AZw dm| H$mo AnZr BgAmË_H$Wm _| eãX~X²Y {H$`m h¡Ÿ& boIH$ Zo AnZo Xoe-H$mb-dmVmdaU Ed§ _mZdr` g§~§Ym| Am¡aCZHo$ ahZ-ghZ Ho$ gmW-gmW X{bV dJ© na hmoZo dmbo A_mZdr` AË`mMmam| H$m boIm-OmoIm AnZr Bg "OyR>Z' Zm_H$ AmË_H$Wm _| àñVwV {H$`m h¡Ÿ& boIH$ Zo H$b_ H$s ghm`Vm gogdUu`m| Ho$ AÝ`m` H$m nXm©µ\$me {H$`m h¡Ÿ& X{bVm| Ho$ gmW Ý`m` H$s Jwhma Bg AmË_H$Wm _|bJmB© JB© h¡Ÿ& AmË_H$Wm hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Bg_| ``mW©naH$ {MÌU hþAm h¡Ÿ& boIH$ H$s ñdmZw y{VH$mo nmR>H$ dJ© H$s ghmZw y{V {_b gHo$ Bg àH$ma H$m dU©Z Bg AmË_H$Wm _| {_bVm h¡Ÿ&X{bV-X{_V bmoJm| H$s A§Vì ©Wm H$mo dmUr XoZodmbr `h aMZm AnZo Amn _| EH$ ~o{_gmbCnbpãY h¡Ÿ&

***

(15)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


"X{cV amOZr{V Ho$ {dMcZm| H$s H$Wm-ZadmZa'

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - I-III

n«m.S>m°. gVre `mXdAÜ`j, qhXr {d^mJ

{edmOr _hm{dX²`mc`, aoUmnwa {O. cmVya (_hmamîQ´>)

hOmam| gmc H$s cmXr J`r Jwcm_r Ho$ ~mX Bg Xoe Ho$ "X{cV' g_yh Zo nhcr ~ma_wpŠV H$m AZw d {H$`m-{OgH$m ZoV¥Ëd n«kmgy © S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ A§~oS>H$a Or Zo {H$`m Wm&dU©ì`dñWm Zo {OÝh| ZH$mam Wm, Om{V ì`dñWm Zo {OÝh| Rw>H$am`m Wm, Xmñ`Ëd _| Or aho g_mOH$mo g_mO n[adV©Z H$s c‹S>mB© _| A§~oS>H$a Or Zo CVmam& Bg Cno{jV OZg_yh Zo nhcr ~maAnZr Apñ_Vm Am¡a ApñVËd H$s c§~r c‹S>mB© c‹S>r& Am§XmocZ, g§KQ>Z Am¡a n«~moYZ H$m _mJ©Ap»V`ma H$a hr d§{MV _Zwî` AmË_gå_mZ H$s qOXJr Or gH$Vm h¡& do H$m¡Z go H$maH$ VËdh¢¡? {OZH$s dOh go o ~hþV ~‹S>m OZg_yh ^ §H$a Cnojm Am¡a newVwë` OrdZ OrZo Ho$ {cE{dde h¡, BgH$s g_rjm H$s& A§~o‹S>H$a Or EH$ hr g_` _| gm_m{OH$, amOZr{VH$, Ym{_©H$,Am{W©H$ VWm gm§ñH¥${VH$ g§Kf© H$s c‹S>mB© c‹S> aho Wo& CZH$m EH$ hr gnZm Wm-g_Vm, ~§YwVmAm¡a gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` gmH$ma hmo& CgHo$ {cE ê${‹T>dmXr g_mO go do cmohm co aho Wo& X{cVg_mO H$mo "amOZr{V' Ho$ Jwa {gIm o, amOZr{V gÎmm VH$ nhþ±MZo H$m _mÜ`_ h¡, gmYZ h¡, `hCZH$s YmaUm Wr Am¡a Cgr Ho$ _wVm{~H$ do g§Kf© H$a aho Wo&

Bg nyar n¥îR> y{_ _| _amR>r Ho$ cãYn«{gÕ> gm{hË`H$ma, AmË_H$WmH$ma, H${d, g_rjH$S>m°.eaUHw$_ma qc~mco Or H$m CnÝ`mg "ZadmZa' H$mo XoIZm Amdí`H$ h¡& n«ñVwV aMZm n‹T>Vog_` Hw$N> n«íZ h_mao {X_mJ H$mo P§H¥$V H$aVo h¢& {OZHo$ Odm~ Ty±>‹T>Zm Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡&"ZadmZa' aMZm Š`m X{cVm| H$s amOZr{V H$m Ord§V XñVmdoO h¡? Š`m dh ì`pŠV Am¡a gÎmm Ho$g§Kf© H$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aVm h¡? Š`m dh gË`-AgË` Ho$ ~rM _| ñWm{nV Ad¡Y g§~§Ym| H$moImoOZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡? Š`m o CnÝ`mg ~«mh²_Um| H$s X{cV ~ZZo H$s H$Wm H$hVm h¡? `m

(16)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


EH$ AW© _| ~«mh²_Um| Ho$ X{cVrH$aU H$m `hm± n« mg h¡& Xygao AW© _| ~«mh²_Um| H$m X{cV ~ZZmg_mO ì`dñWm _| AZwHy$c n[adV©Z H$s gyMZm h¡? X{cV Am§XmocZ, X{cV amOZr{V Am¡aX{cV gm{hË`H$mam| H$s _mZ{gH$Vm H$mo Xem©Zm Bg CnÝ`mg H$m CX²Xoí` h¡? `m n«ñVwVAm§XmocZ X{cV amOZr{V Ho$ {~Iamd, {dMcZm| Am¡a Qy>Q>Zo H$s H$Wm H$h ahm h¡? `m 1956 go1996 Ho$ ~rM X{cV amOZr{V _| Omo CR>m-nQ>H$ hþB©, CVma-M‹T>md Am o, amOZr{V Ho$ ~XcVoMohao H$mo Xem©Zm, CKm‹S>Zm coIH$ H$m CX²Xoí` h¡? gÎmm H$m H«y$a Moham Am¡a AmX_r H$s nr‹S>m H$mAm°{S>Q> o CnÝ`mg H$a nm`m h¡? ~XcVo n[an«oú` _| X{cVm| H$s ~XcVr _mZ{gH$Vm, ZoV¥Ëd H$sH$_Omo[a`m±, Am§XmocZ H$s Im{_`m± ~VmZm coIH$ H$m n« moOZ h¡?

BZ gmao gdmcm| H$mo H|$X« _| aIH$a "ZadmZa' aMZm na {dMma H$a| Vmo Hw$N> {dMma gyÌ n«má hmooVo h¢-_ycV… n«ñVwV CnÝ`mg "ZadmZa' X{cVm| H$s Mma XeH$m| H$s amOZr{V H$mo H|$X« _| aIH$a {cImJ`m h¡& ~m~mgmh~ amOZr{V H$mo g_mO n[adV©Z H$m EH$ geŠV _mÜ`_ _mZVo Wo& X{cVm| H$mogÎmm H$s gr‹T>r na nhþ±MZm Mm{hE, Eogr CZH$s _mÝ`Vm Wr& gÎmm Ho$ gmao gyÌ X{cVm| Ho$ hmWm| _|AmE, dh ì`dñWm H$mo g§Mm{cV H$aZo H$m _mX²Xm aIo, Eogr CZH$s YmaUm Wr& Bgr H$m ZVrOmh¡ {H$, do AmOrdZ X~moMo J o, Hw$Mco J o, ZH$mao J o, Cno{jVm| Ho$ {cE c‹S>Vo aho, g§Kf© H$aVoaho& S>m°. A§~o‹S>H$a Or Ho$ _hm{Zdm©U Ho$ ~mX X{cVm| H$s Omo Xygar nr‹T>r Am§XmocZ Ho$ _mÜ`_ goamOZr{V H$aZo cJr, CgHo$ ~XcVo Mohao H$mo `hm± ~oZH$m~ {H$`m h¡& amOZr{V g_mO CÝZ{V H$mgeŠV _mÜ`_ ~Z|o, gÎmm Ho$ X²dma Am_ X{cVm| Ho$ {cE Iwco hm|, Eogr CZH$s YmaUm Wr& {H$ÝVwn[adoe ~Xcm, g_` ~XcVm J`m Am¡a amOZr{V H$m dmñV{dH$ Moham ^r ~XcVm J`m&

X{cV-Am§XmocZ Ho$ Ama§ _| X{cVm| H$s Apñ_Vm H$s c‹S>mB© c‹S> ahm Wm, CgHo$O_rZr n«íZm| go Xmo hmW H$a ahm Wm& CgHo$ {hñgo _| AmE hþE An_mZ, Cnojm, dU© ZrMVm Am¡aì`dñWm H$s {dg§J{V`m| go dh g§J{R>V hmoH$a c‹S> ahm Wm& {H$ÝVw O¡go-O¡go X{cV amOZr{V _|g{H«$` hmoVm J`m, gÎmm _| AnZm {hñgm _m§JZo cJm& Apñ_Vm, ApñVËd Am¡a amoQ>r Ho$ n«íZ H$mocoH$a dh c‹S> ahm Wm& AnZo X{cV hmoZo H$s nhMmZ H$mo {_Q>mH$a OrdZ Ho$ ha joÌ _|AmË_{dídmg go H$X_ CR>mVm J`m& {H$ÝVw amOZr{V Zo X{cVm| _| "_hËdmH$m§jm', "Ah§H$ma' O¡gr

(17)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1

gmR>moÎmar qhXr AmbmoMZm Ho$ {d{dY àdmhn«d¥{Îm`m± nZnZo cJr& "_¢ hr Agcr ZoVm, _oam Am§XmocZ hr gƒm Am§XmocZ', "_¢ Omo H$hVm hÿ± dhrghr', "_¢ hr X{cVm| H$m ~‹S>m ZoVm', n[aUm_V… Yrao-Yrao d¡Mm[aH$ _V{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ McVoX{cV g§KQ>Z Zo AZoH$ JwQ>m| H$m ê$n YmaU H$a {c`m& g~H$s lX²Ym A§~o‹S>>H$admX na Wr& g~A§~o‹S>>H$a H$mo H|$X« _| aIH$a amOZr{V H$aZm MmhVo Wo {H$ÝVw CX²Xoí` _| {^ÝZVm Wr& EH$ JwQ>^mdZmË_H$ Am¡a Apñ_Vm Ho$ n«íZ H$mo coH$a _¡XmZ _| Hw$X n‹S>m, Vmo Xygam X{cVm| Ho$ amoQ>r Ho$n«íZ H$mo coH$a c‹S>Zo H$m Xmdm H$a ahm Wm& EH$ Xygao H$mo ZrMm {XImZo H$m EH$ ^r Adga doN>mo‹S> Zht aho Wo, CcQ>m X{cV OZVm H$mo A§~o‹S>>H$a Or Ho$ Zm_ na ~m§Q>Zo H$m H$m_ H$a aho Wo&dmñVd _| A§~‹S>>H$a Or Zo AnZo OrdZ _| "gmYZ ew{MVm' H$mo ~hþV _hËd {X`m Wm& Adgadm{XVm,g_Pm¡VmnañV d¥{Îm`m| H$mo OrdZ _| CÝhm|Zo H$^r ^r Aml` Zht {X`m& {H$ÝVw 1956 Ho$ ~mX Ho$X{cV amOZoVm Adgadm{XVm, g_Pm¡VmnañVr Am¡a _hËdmH$m§jm H$m {eH$ma hmoVo J o& H$moB©A§~oS>H$a Am¡a Jm§Yr, H$moB© A§~‹S>>H$a Am¡a _mŠg© Am¡a H$moB© A§~o‹S>>H$admX Am¡a qhXwËddmX H$mg_rH$aU ~ZmH$a amOZr{V H$aZo cJm& Bg ^mJ_ Xm¡‹S> _|, AmnmYmnr _| X{cV OZVm Š`mMmhVr h¡? BgH$s Va\$ {H$gr H$m Ü`mZ Zht J`m&

n«ñVwV CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw Mma n«H$aUm| _| {d^m{OV h¢& nhco n«H$aU _| EH$ H$_©R>~«mh²_U wdH$ H$m X{cVrH$aU H¡$go hmoVm h¡? `h {XIm`m J`m h¡& Xygao n«H$aU _| A§~oS>H$a OrHo$ níMmV² H$m CâVm X{cV Am§XmocZ, X{cV ZoV¥Ëd, [anpãcH$Z nmQ>u, X{cV n±Wa, Zm_m§VaH$s KQ>ZmE± AmVr h¡& {Og_| X{cV Am§XmocZ H$m dU©gÎmm Am¡a emgZ gÎmm go g§Kf© {M{ÌV h¡&Vrgao n«H$aU _| EH$ H$_©R> ~«mh²_U wdVr Omo {H$ {dYdm H$m OrdZ Or ahr h¡, CgH$m EH$X{cV H$s nËZr Ho$ ê$n _| Z`m OrdZ ewê$ H$aZo H$s H$Wm d{U©V h¡& A§{V_ Am¡a Mm¡Wo n«H$aU _|X{cV amOZr{V Qy>Q>Vo, {~IaVo Am¡a «îQ> Zr{V`m| H$m Adc§~ H$aVo {XIm`r XoVr h¡&

coIH$ H$s ~w{Z`mXr qMVm CnÝ`mg _| `hr h¡ {H$, X{cV amOZr{V AÝ` Xcm| H$samOZr{V H$s Vah gÎmm amOZr{V go Om Ow‹S>r h¡& Am¡a AnZm H«$m§{VH$mar ê$n ImoVr Om ahr h¡&gÎmm amOZr{V Ho$ K¥{UV Xcmc JmonrM§X Am¡a _m{UH$M§X O¡go cmoJ AnZo Vah-Vah Ho$ Hw$MH«$m|,ZoVmAm| H$s «îQ> Zr{V, H$m ©H$Vm©Am| H$mo cwQ>Vo XoI do ^r CÝh| ~aJcmZo Am¡a ^Q>H$mZo _| cJo hþE

(18)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h¢& IwX X{cV H$m ©H$Vm© ^r BgHo$ {cE O¡go V¡ ma go {XIVo h¢& ({ZH$__m_m Am¡a {dO` nJmaonmÌ Bgr H$m n«H$Q>rH$aU h¡&)

dñVwV… X{cV ZoV¥Ëd Zo A§~o‹S>>H$a Ho$ EH$ hr dŠVì` H$mo `mX aIm-""emgZH$Vm© H$sO_mV ~Zmo, gÎmm Am¡a A{YH$ma Ho$ ñWmZm| na H$ãOm H$amo&'' X{cVm| Ho$ {d{dY amOZr{VH$ JwQ>m|Zo ò XoIm {H$, A{dc§~ gÎmm VH$ H¡$go nhþ±Mm Om gH$Vm h¡& amo{hXmg, q_{cX, X`mZ§X{H$UrH$a, Jm¡V_ Jm§JwS}> Am{X Bgr amOZr{V H$s CnO h¡& coIH$ Zo X{cV Am§XmocZ Ho$amOZr{VH$ A§V{d©amoYm| na J§ raVm go {dMma {H$`m h¡& H$B© ~ma o A§V{d©amoY Am§XmocZ _|J{VamoY n¡Xm H$aVo h¢, Vmo H$B© ~ma Am§XmocZ H$mo Z`r {Xem XoZo H$m H$m_ ^r H$aVo h¢&

CnÝ`mg _| N>mÌ-ZoVmAm| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ g§JR>Zm| Ho$ ê$n _| I‹S>m hmoZo Am¡a X{cVAm§XmocZ Ho$ ì`mnH$ hmoZo H$m ~marH$s go dU©Z {H$`m J`m h¡& Ohm± N>mÌ-ZoVmAm| H$mo cJVm h¡{H$,""h_mao X{cV ZoVmAm| Zo [anpãcH$Z nmQ>u H$mo _{Q>`m_oQ> {H$`m h¡& ~m~mgmh~ H$s nmQ>u H$mo~oMm h¡& nyao g_mO H$mo H$m§J«og Ho$ A{YZ H$a {X`m h¡&'' ""h_mao ZoVm ~m~mgmh~ Ho$ Zm_ na Orah| h¡, CZHo$ nmg ~m~mgmh~ Ho$ g_mZ Ë`mJ Am¡a {damQ>Vm Zht h¡&'' ""[anpãcH$Z nmQ>u Ho$ JwQ>~ZmZodmco A§~oS>H$a {damo{Y`m| H$mo ghr nmR> n‹T>mZm hmoJm&'' BË`mXr ~mVo H$aZodmco X{cV n±WaHo$ N>mÌ ZoVm O~ gÎmm H$s gr‹T>r na M‹T>Zo H$m Adga AmVm h¡,dhr H$aVo {XImB© XoVo h¢, OmoCZHo$ nyd© X{cV ZoVmAm| Zo {H$`m Wm& Bgr A§Va{damoY H$mo coIH$ Zo ~‹S>r ~Iw~r go d{U©V {H$`mh¡, Omo gƒo X{cV H$m ©H$Vm©Am| H$mo ~oM¡Z H$a XoVm h¡& Yrao -Yrao X{cV Am§XmocZ _| Adm§{N>VVËdm| H$m n«doe hmoZo cJVm h¡& O~ B©ída B§Jco O¡go Jw§‹S>m n«d¥{Îm cmoJ nmQ>u ZoVm ~Z ~¡R>Vo h¢& CZHo$Bemao na nmQ>u McVr h¡& X`mZ§X {H$UrH$a O¡go X{cV coIH$,{dMmaH$ BgH$m {damoY H$aVo h¢&{H$ÝVw CÝh| hr nmQ>u go ~mha {H$`m OmVm h¡& gÎmm amOZr{V H$s n[aU{V V~ hmoVr h¡, O~ X{cVAm§XmocZ _hmamîQ´> _| H$m±J«og H$m gmW XoVo hþE gÎmm VH$ AnZr nhþ±M ~Zm coVm h¡& AWm©Vamo{hXmg gÎmm _| g_mO H$ë`mU _§Ìr ~Z OmVm h¡, {Og H$m±J«og H$mo A§~o‹S>>H$a Zo "EH$ OcVm_H$mZ h¡' H$hm Wm& {H$ÝVw Yrao-Yrao CZHo$ ZoVm ^r IwX H$mo «îQ> hmoZo go ~Mm Zht nmVo Am¡aCZHo$ gmW AZoH$m| H$m ©H$Vm© ^r gÎmm Ho$ J{c`mam| _| Xcmc H$s Vah Ky_Vo ZOa AmVo h¢&

(19)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{dO` nJmao EH$ amOZr{VH$ Xcmc Ho$ ê$n _| CâVm h¡, {OgH$m AW© hr BVZm â ah J`m{H$, Am§XmocZ Am¡a gÎmm n¡go H$_mZo H$m, OrdZ{Zdm©h VWm _m¡O-_ñVr H$aZo H$m _mÜ`_ ~ZOmVm h¡& coIH$ H$m o dŠVì` ~hþV ~oM¡Z H$a XoVm h¡ O~ do H$hVo h¢- ""gÎmm H$^r ^r{ZîH$c§H$ Zht hmoVr, dh ì`{^Mma, «îQ>mMma Am¡a AnamYrH$aU Ho$ nm±dm| go McVr h¢, g_W©ZH$aVr h¡ amîQ´> Am¡a OZVm H$m&'' co{H$Z dhr gÎmm O~ Ny>Q> OmVr h¡ Vmo ì`pŠV, ZoVm IwX H$mApñVËd Imo XoVm h¡, AHo$cm n‹S>Vm h¡& Z OZ h¢, Z ñdOZ h¢, ~g AHo$co n‹S>Vo OmZo H$sXX©ZmH$ nr‹S>m& _§Ìr amo{hXmg _§Ìmc` _| AHo$co ~¡Ro> h¢ -""_¢ A§Xa J`m, dhm± ^`mdh em§{V Wr,_wPo g_P _| Zht Am ahm Wm, Š`m H$hÿ±, Š`m ~mocy±,? _¢Zo CZH$s Va\$ XoIm, CZH$s ZOa goZOa {_cm`r, nmfmU g[aIo cJr& CZH$s ZOa _| _¢Zo _§Ìmc` XoIm& {Og _§Ìmc` Ho$ Iy§Qo> H$mohOmam| {MVm| H$mo ~m§Y aIm Wm& _¢ K~am`m g^r {MVo _a J o&'' gÎmm VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ ~mX X{cVZoV¥Ëd H¡$go AHo$cm n‹S>Vm J`m& O_rZr gM go H$mogm| Xya, OZVm go hOmam| _rc Xya& n[aUm_V…EH$ `mVZm_` A§V {H$ÝVw coIH$ H$mo {dídmg h¡, "Zrco Vy\$mZ' na& o ê$Ho$Jm Zht, nyar VmH$VHo$ gmW nwZ… I‹S>m hmoJm, EH$ Z`r MoVZm coH$a&

n«ñVwV CnÝ`mg _| Hw$c Xg pñÌ`m± {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ê$nm| _| n«ñVwV hþB© h¢& BZ Xg _| goXmo pñÌ`m± nmR>H$m| na n« md N>mo‹S>Vr h¡& X{cV H$m ©H$Vm©, coIH$, H${d X`mZ§X H$s ghH$_u a_m~m~a, Omo X{cV Am§XmocZ _| g{H«$` h¢& X{cVm| Ho$ hH$m| Ho$ n«{V OmJê$H$ h¢& X`mZ§X Am¡a CgHo$g³ohâo g§~§Y h¢& n«ñVwV ñÌr nmÌ _| g§Kf©, c‹S>mHw$nZ VWm AnZr j_Vm na nyam âmogm h¡& XygarñÌr h¡ - ^mdZm, ^mdZm Ho$ nhco n{V Zo AmË_hË`m H$s h¡& OrdZ {Zamem Am¡a A§YH$ma go âOmVm h¡& AWm©V ^mdZm Ho$ gm_Zo Xygam {dH$ën Zht h¡& dh X`mZ§X H$s n«{V^m Am¡a Am§XmocZH$marì`pŠVËd H$s Amoa AmH${f©V hmoVr h¡& n«ñVwV CnÝ`mg _| gwaoIm ^m^r, apí_, n«mMm © H$s ~oQ>rAm{X pñÌ`m± ^moJ Ho$ ê$n _| AmVr h¡& cú_r VWm Am_«nmcr do pñÌ`m± h¡- Omo nwê$f H$s ghMm[aUr~ZH$a Am`r h¢&

Hw$c{_cmH$a o H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$, coIH$ eaUHw$_ma qc~mco Or {Og qMVm gon«o[aV hmoH$a n«ñVwV CnÝ`mg H$s gO©Zm H$aVo h¡, do AnZo Amn _| ñnîQ> h¡& AWm©V X{cV ZoVm,

(20)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$m ©H$Vm© VWm Am_ AmX_r H$mo AmË_{dícofU go JwOaZm n‹So>Jm& AnZo ^rVa Pm§H$H$a XoIZmn‹So>Jm {H$ ~m~mgmho~ X{cV Am§XmocZ H$mo Ohm± N>mo‹S>H$a Am o Wo, h_ Cgo {H$g {Xem _| co OmZmMmhVo h¢& X{cV Am§XmocZ H$m EH$ n«_wI Am`m_ "amOZ¡{VH$' h¡& {H$ÝVw ^maVr` g_mO H$moX{cV Am§XmocZ Zo AÝ`m`-AË`mMma Ho$ {Icm\$ c‹S>Zo H$s D$Om© Xr, AmH«$m_H$Vm Xr Am¡a EH${dídmg {X`m {H$, h_ AYmoJm_r ì`dñWm H$mo MwZm¡Vr Xo gH$Vo h¢& amOZ¡{VH$ joÌ _| Oê$a Hw$N>Im{_`m± ahr hmo {H$ÝVw X{cV Am§XmocZ H$m gm_m{OH$ CËWmZ H$m n« mg, gm§ñH¥${VH$ c‹S>mB`m±,Ym{_©H$ CÝ_mX H$mo ZH$maZo H$m gmhg Am¡a Am{W©H$ CÝZ{V H$s nhc ^maVr` g_mO H$mo h_oemn«oaUm q~XwAm| H$m H$m © H$aVr ahoJr&

n«ñVwV CnÝ`mg H$s n«_wI {deofVm h¡-^mfm& n«ñVwV ^mfm _| Ro>R>nZ h¡& O‹S>~X²Yg§ñH$mam| Ho$ Ohm± hmoe C‹S> OmVo h¢, {eîQ>Vm Am¡a {cO{cOonZ H$mo `hm± H$moB© ñWmZ Zht h¡& ~‹So>~o~mH$ hmoH$a coIH$ EH$ wJ Ho$ AdgmZ H$mo aoIm§{H$V H$aVm h¡& H$ht-H$ht AneãX, \y$h‹S>nZAm¡a Apícc eãXm| H$m n« moJ ^r h¢ {H$ÝVw o A{^ì`pŠV`m± CZ g_mO V~H$m| H$s h¡, {OÝh|h_oem d§MZm Am¡a Cnojm H$m {eH$ma hmoZm n‹S>m& VH$cr\$Xoh dmñV{dH$VmAm| Am¡a OrdZ-`WmW©H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZo Ho$ {cE EH$ gO©H$ {Og ^mfm H$m BñVo_mc H$aVm h¡, dh `hr ^mfm H$m ê$nh¡& Am{IaH$ma o {ZpíMV H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$, eaUHw$_ma X{cV Am§XmocZ Ho$ {dMcZm| Am¡a^Q>H$md Ho$ XX© H$mo {Og AmË_jmo Am¡a nr‹S>m ~moY Ho$ gmW ì`ŠV H$aZm MmhVo h¢,Cg_| CÝh|g\$cVm {_cr h¡& Am¡a g~go _hËdnyU© ~mV `h h¡ {H$, o CnÝ`mg h_| ~ohX ~oM¡Z H$aVm h¡& `hCnÝ`mg X{cVm| H$s Mma XeH$m| H$s amOZr{V H$m _mÌ nQ>mjon Zht h¡ ~pëH$ dh ^rVa VH$Hw$aoXVm h¡, A§V_w©I ^r H$a XoVm h¡&

***

(21)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


X{cV gm{hË` H$s g_rjmqhXr X{cV CnÝ`mg Am¡a "_wpŠVnd©' Ho$ {deof g§X © _|

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - I-IV

S>m°. g§OrdHw$_ma ZadmSoAmXe© _hm{dÚmc`, qhJmocr>

^maVr` gm{hË` _| {dJV nMmg gmR> dfmªo go X{cV gm{hË` H$s AdYmaUm H$m\$sM{M©V ahr h¡& Bg_| ^maVr` gm_m{OH$ Am¡a d¡Mm[aH$ n¥îR> y{_ H$m ©aV h¡& g_mO _| g{X`mo§ goOmo nr{‹S>>V emo{fV h¡, {OÝh| A{YH$mam| H$s X¥[îQ go ZH$mam J`m h¡, {OZHo$ gmW OmZdam| go ^r~ËVa Jwcm_mo gm ì`dhma {H$`m J`m h¢& E¡go cmoJ X{cV H$hcmVo h¡& BZ_o ^maVr` g§{dYmZ _§o{ZX}{eV AZwgy{MV Om{V`m§±, {d{^ÝZ nrN>S>r OZ-Om{V`m| Ho$ cmoJ AmVo h¡& BÝho Añn¥í` `mANy>V H$hH$a {dH$mg go H$mogmo§ Xya aIm J`m Wm& AmJo McH$a X{cVm| _| gOJVm, AmË_m{^_mZ,Apñ_Vm, {dX«moh, A{YH$mam| H$s n«m{á Ed§ _Zwî` H$s _Zwî` Ho$ ê$n _| nhMmZ Am{X O¡gr^mdZmE°§ {dH$grV hþB©, {OgH$m {dñ\$moQ> ghr AWm} _| X{cV gm{hË` h¢& X{cV gm{hË` H$sAnZr ñdV§Ì d¡Mm[aH$ n¥îR> y{_ h¡§& _hmË_m \w$co, N>Ìn{V amOfu emhÿ _hmamO Am¡a S>m°.~m~mgmho~A§~o‹S>>H$a O¡gr _hmZ {d y{V`mo§ Ho$ {dMma Ed§ OrdZ H$m © X{cV-gm{hË` H$s n«oaUm ñÌmoV ah| h¢&

Agc _| X{cV gm{hË` Š`m h¢ ? X{cVm§o Ûmam {cIm J`m gm{hË` `m X{cVmo§ Ho$ ~mao_| AÝ` cmoJm| Ûmam {cIm J`m gm{hË` ? X{cV H$m¡Z h¢ ? X{cV EH$ gm_m{OH$ pñW{V h¢ `m_mZ{gH$Vm ? ñdmZw y{V `m ghmZw y{V H$m gm{hË` X{cV gm{hË` h¢ Š`m ? X{cV gm{hË` _|ì`ŠV g§doXZm H$m gm{hpË`H$ YamVc Š`m h¢ ? {df`dñVw Ed§ {eën-e¡cr H$s X¥pîQ> go X{cVgm{hË` H$m agmñdmX H¡$go {c`m Om gH$Vm h¢? E¡go H$B© n«íZ gm_Zo AmVo h§¡& Omo AmcmoMZm H$sX¥pîQ> go _hËdnyU© ~Z OmVo h§¡& BZ n«íZm| H$mo coH$a d¡pídH$ YamVc na ^maV _| X{cV gm{hËÀm¡a A_[aH$m _§o {ZJ«mo gm{hË` g_mO H$s nwamVZ _mÝ`VmAm| H$mo gwa§J cJmH$a _mZd H$mo _mZdHo$ ê$n _| n«ñVyV H$aVm h¡& X{cV EH$ {d{eîQ> gm_m{OH$ pñW{V h¢, A{nVw CgHo$ nhco EH$

(22)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_mZ{gH$Vm h¢& Bg X{cV _mZ{gH$Vm _| n«M{cV Om{V`Vm H$s {dMmaYmam {ZhtV hmoVr h¡& X{cV_mZ{gH$Vm _| n«M{cV gm_m{OH$ _yë`m§o Ho$ n«{V ~{hîH$ma Am¡a ApñdH¥${V H$s ^mdZm H$m_H$aVr h¢& Agc _| g_mO X{cV H$mo J‹T>>Vm Am¡a ~ZmVm h¢& X{cV ì`pŠV g_mO _| ñd § H$mo~{hîH¥$V, AHo$cm, {VañH¥$V _hgwg H$aZo cJVm h¢& Eogo _| g_mO X{cV _mZ{gH$Vm H$mo EH$gm_m{OH$ gh_{V Am¡a pñdH¥${V XoVm h¢& g_mO _o§ ahVo hþE AÝ`m`-AË`mMma H$mo Im_moer goghZm, X_KwQ>Vr q‹OXJr {OZm X{cVm| H$s {Z`{V ~Z OmVr h¢& Bg pñW[V Ho$ ñdrH$ma Ho$ gmW-gmW BgHo$ {damoY _| {dX«moh H$s MoVZm H$m OmJ¥V hmoZm Agc _| X{cV MoVZm h¢& AnZr OrdZ-pñW[V H$m ~moY Cg gm_m{OH$ An_mZ H$m AmË_gmjmËH$ma h¢, {Og_§o aMZmH$ma gm§g co ahmh¢& `ht AmË_gmjmËH$ma {dX«moh H$m ê$n coH$a `mVZm_` pñW{V`m| Ed§ ì`dñWm Ho$ {Icm\$AmdmO CR>mVm h¢, Vmo doXZm H$m n«ñ\w${Q>V ñda Câ AmVm h¡§, `hr X{cV gm{hË` h¢&X{cV gm{hË` H$s g_rjm Ho$ _mZX§S> …

X{cV gm{hË` AnZm AcJ ñdV§Ì ApñVËd ~ZmE h¢& EH$ {d{eîQ> OrdZmZw y{V{Og_| Om{VdmX Ed§ Cƒ ZrMVm Ho$ oX^md ì`má h¢& Cnojm, An_mZ, {VañH$ma, ApñdH$ma,An_mZ H$s nr‹S>>m ghVo X{cVm| Ho$ OrdZ _o§ H«$m§{VH$mar nardV©Z cmZo _| X{cV gm{hË` {dídmgaIVm h¢& `h gm{hË` OrdZ H$s ì`Wm, H$Wm Am¡a {d{dYVm H$m `WmW©naH$ {MÌU H$aVm h¢&AnZo A{YH$mam| H$s n«m{á Ed§ ajm, AnZr Apñ_Vm H$mo ~ZmE aIZo dmco X{cVm| Ho$ g§Kf© H$modmUr XoZo H$m H$m_ X{cV gm{hË` H$a ahm h¢& X{cVm| Zo Omo XoIm, Omo {O`m, Omo AZw y{V`m± crh¢, CgH$m dmñV{dH$ A§H$Z X{cV gm{hË` H$aVm h¢&

X{cV gm{hË` Ho$ _mZX§S> n«ñWm{nV gm{hË` go {^ÝZ h¡§& X{cV gm{hË` H$moarH$ënZm Zht h¢, Cg_| OrdZ H$s gƒmB© Am¡a ^moJm hþAm `WmW© h¢& Bg gm{hË` _| n« wŠV{_WH$, n«VrH$, gm¡§X ©, ^mfm, e¡cr Ed§ CX²Xoí` Am{X n«ñWm{nV gm{hpË`H$ na§nam Ho$ {damoYraho h¢& Bg_| A{^ì`ŠV nr‹S>>m, amof, AmH«$moe Ed§ n«{VamoY H$m| H$R>moaV_ eãXm| _| {M{ÌV h¢& `hgm{hË` ag, N§>X, A§cH$ma, n«VrH$, ì`§OZm, Cn_mZ-{dYmZ Am{X n«ñWm{nV gm{hpË`H$_mÝ`VmAm| Ho$ {Zdm©h H$s nadmh Zht H$aVm& Bgr H$maU X{cV gm{hË` H$mo coH$a AmcmoMZm-

(23)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


joÌ _o§ H$m\$s {ddmX ahm h¢& H$B© AmcmoMH$ Bgo {dewÜX gm{hË` H$s H$moQ>r go ~mha H$a XoZ| H$s~mV H$aVo h¡§& dmñV{dH$Vm h¢ {H$ X{cV gm{hË` ZdZdmoÝ_ofem{cZr n«{V^m Ho$ CâVo A§Hw$a h¡§,{Og_| g_mO Ho$ X{_V, Hw§${R>V, nr{‹S>>V Ed§ Cno{jV cmoJm| Ho$ OrdZ H$m Am±§Imo XoIm Ed§ AZw yV{H$`m gË` h¢& n«ñWm{nV gm{hË` _o§ A{^ì`ŠV gm¢X © ~moY H$mo X{cV gm{hË` _| ImoOZm{ZaW©H$Vm h¢& Bg gm{hË` _o§ gm¢X © Ed§ ícrcVm VËd H$m A^md _mZZo dmco {dX²dV OZm| H$moBg ~mV H$m Ü`mZ aIZm Mm{hE {H$ {Og gm{hË` _| yI, nr‹S>>m, Owë_, AÝ`m`, doXZm,~cmËH$ma, emofU, Amh|, OrdZ-g§Kf© H$s ~mV| {cIr OmVr hmo, Cg_§o H$m¡Zgm gm¢X © H¡$goAmEJm ? Agc _o§ X{cV gm{hË` H$ënZm-AmcmoH$ _| {dMaU Zht H$aVm, A{nVw dh `WmW© Ho$YamVc na McVm h¢ Bg_| gË`_², {ed_², gw§Xa_² H$s gmW©H$Vm ImoOZm Ag§JV hmoJm& Bg_|^m½`dmX, AdVmadmX, nwZO©Ý_ O¡gr _mÝ`VmAm| H$mo ZH$mam J`m h¢& Bg g§X © _| lr. _mVmn«gmX H$m H$WZ h¢-"" qhXr gm{hË` Ho$ AmcmoMH$, qhXr gm{hË` Ho$ AmXem}§ {OZ_| ^md, H$cm-gm¢X © nj n«YmZ hmoVm h¡ Cg X¥[ï>H$moU go gm{hpË`H$ H¥${V`mo§ H$mo XoIVo h¢& X{cV gm{hË` H$sg{_jm _| CŠV n¡_mZm H$m_ Zht H$a gH$Vm, Š`mo§{H$ X{cV gm{hË` H$m CX²Xoí` ñdJ©-ZaH$,^m½`-^JdmZ, A§Y{dídmg, H$_©H$m§S>, na§nam H$m {damoY, nm¡am{UH$ Am»`mZm|na A{dídmg,g_Vm, ñdV§ÌVm, ~§YwVm, Ý`m` H$m g_W©Z Am¡a Ad¡km{ZH$ ~mVm| go BÝH$ma H$aVm h¢& My§{H$X{cV gm{hË` _o§ CËnrS>Z, emofU, X_Z, XcZ H$m dU©Z hmoVm h¢ Bg{cE CgH$s ^mfm _|H$S>dmhQ> gyImnZ Am¡a AmH«$moe hmoVm h¢& ^mfm grYr-gnmQ> ^mdZmAm| H$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aVr h¢&Bg{cE Xygao AmcmoMH$ Cg_| H$cm Am¡a gm¢X © H$m A^md XoIVo h¡§& {H$ÝVw gm_m{OH$ X§e Ho$_wŠV^moJr hr X{cV gm{hË` Ho$ ghr AmcmoMH$ hmo gH$Vo h¢&''1

X{cV gm{hË` AnZr ñdV§Ì d¡Mm[aH$ n¥îR> y{_ coH$a McVm h¢, {Og_| gm{hpË`H$_yë`mo§ Ho$ gmW gm_m{OH$ _yë`m§o H$m {Zdm©h hmoVm h¢& Bg_§o S>m°. A§~o‹S>>H$a Am¡a _hmË_m \w$co Ho$OrdZ-g§Kfm} H$mo n«oaUm Ho$ ê$n _| ñdrH$mam J`m h¡§& ^maVr` n[an«oú` _o§ Om{V `m dU© ì`dñWmHo$ {dê$ÜX g§J{R>V hmoH$a g§Kf© H$aZodmco X{cVm| H$s OrdZmZw y{V`m± d¡Mm[aH$ A{^ì`pŠV Ho$ê$n _| gm{hË` _| gOrdVm go AmZo cJr& Bg pñW[V H$mo Ho$dc gm{hpË`H$ _yë`m| VH$ hr gr{_V

(24)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Zht aht, A{nVw EH$ gOJ Am§XmocZ Ho$ ê$n _| gm_m{OH$, Ym{_©H$, Am{W©H$, e¡[jH$,amOZ¡{VH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZ H$mo gKZVm go n« m{dV H$a ahr h¢&

X{cV gm{hË` H$s AmcmoMZm na§namJV gm{hpË`H$ _mÝ`VmAm| go hr Zht hmo gH$Vr&CgHo$ {cE h_§o g_mOemñÌr` _yë`mo§ H$m ñdrH$ma H$aZm Oê$ar hmo OmVm h¢& H$moB© aMZm AnZon[adoe Am¡a d¡Mm[aH$ _yë`mo§ H$mo COmJa H$aVr h¢& aMZm-{Z{_©[V _| aMZmH$ma Ho$ OrdZmZy d,g§Kf©, A§VÛ©Ûm| H$m XoIZm Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡§& Eogr pñW{V _| g_mO go n«Vm{S>V OrdZ AnZo{dX«moh Am¡a AmH«$moe H$mo coH$a n«ñVwV hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo EH$ Z`m g_pîQ>JV AW© gm_Zo AmVm h¡§-"" wJm|- wJm| go n«Vm{S>V, emo{fV, gm{hpË`H$ g§ñH¥${V go _mZg O~ ñd § H$mo gm{hË` Ho$ gmWOmoS>Vm h¢ Vmo X{cV gm{hË` CgH$s ZrOVm H$mo nhMmZZo H$s A{^ì`pŠV ~Z OmVm h¢& hm{e o na{X o JE Bg g_yh H$s nrS>m O~ eãX ~ZH$a gm_Zo AmVr h¢ gm_m{OH$Vm H$s namH$mîR>m hmoVr h¡§g{X`m| go X~m AmH«$moe eãX-AmJ ~ZH$a \y$Q>Vm h¢ V~ ^mfm Am¡a H$cm H$s n[apñW{V`m±gr_m~ÜX H$aZo _| Ag_W© hmo OmVr h¢&""2

X{cV gm{hË` H$s g_mOemñÌr` X¥pîQ> go AmcmoMZm hmo gH$Vr h¢& gmW hr Cg_ogm_m{OH$ _yë`m| Ho$ gmW ^m¡{VH$VmdmXr X¥pîQ> go ^r {dMma hmo gH$Vm h¡§& Bg_§o OrdZ Ho$ XmhH$n«íZ Am¡a CgH$s ^rfUVm VWm {df_VmnyU© pñW{V Ho$ {dê$ÜX g§Kf© Ed§ {dX«moh H$s Om±M-nS>Vmc hmoVr h¢& Bg Om±M-nS>Vmc Ho$ Hw$N> q~Xw ~ZVo h¢, Omo X{cV gm{hË` H$s AmcmoMZm Ho$_mZX§S> hmo gH$Vo h¢, CZ_§o n«_wI h¢-1.A{^ì`ŠV ZH$ma `m AñdrH$ma, Cnojm H$m ^md2.nr‹S>>m H$m ñda3.{dX«moh Ed§ g§Kf© H$m {MÌU4.AmË_gå_mZ H$m ^md5.n[adV©ZdmXr {dMmaYmam6.A{YH$mamo§ H$s n«m{á7.ñdV§ÌVm, Ý`m`, g_Vm Ed§ ~§YwVm O¡go _mZdr _yë`m| H$s njYaVm&

(25)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


qhXr X{cV CnÝ`mg …qhXr gm{hË` _§o J¡a X{cV Am¡a X{cV coIH$m| Ûmam X{cV MoVZm na CnÝ`mg {cIo

JE h¢& c‚mmam_ _ohVm H$m 1914 _| {cIo "AmXe© {hÝXy' CnÝ`mg _| _ohVa Om{V Ho$ ANw>VcmoJm| Ho$ OrdZ-g§X^m} H$mo CR>m`m J`m h¢& n«o_M§X Eogo aMZmH$ma h¢, {OÝhmoZo AnZo coIZ Ho$_mÜ`_ go Ny>AmNy>V O¡gr _mÝ`VmAm| H$mo ZH$ma H$a Zò AmXe© ñWm{nV {H$E h¢& CÝhmoZo"H$_© y{_' _| ñn¥í`-Añn¥í`m| Ho$ ~rM amoQ>r H$m g§~§Y Vmo "JmoXmZ' _| ~oQ>r H$m g§~§Y ñWm{nV{H$`m h¢& Bgr na§nam _o§ nmÊSo>` ~oMZ e_m© H$m "~wYwAm H$s ~oQ>r' CnÝ`mg AmVm h¡, {OgH$sZm{`H$m EH$ X{cV ñÌr h¢& gw`©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r "{Zamcm' Ho$ "AcH$m', "{Zê$n_m', "{~„ogwa~H$[ahm', AmMm © MVwagoZ emñÌr H$m "Jmocr', "CX_ñV', `mJd|X« e_m© H$m "hOma KmoS>m| H$mgdma', OJXre M§X« H$m "YaVr YZ Z AnZm', _YwH$a qgh H$m "O§Jcr gyAa', CX` e§H$a^Q²>Q> H$m "gmJa cha| Am¡a _Zwî`', _YwH$a qgh H$m "g~go ~S>m N>c', ¡ad n«gmX Jwá H$m"gVr _¡ m H$m Mm¡am', Jmonmc CnmÜ`m` H$m "EH$ Qw>H$S>m B{Vhmg', {J[aamO {H$emoa H$m "n[a{eîQ>',Za|X« d_m© H$m "gw~h H$s Vcme' Am{X O¡go Ag§»` CnÝ`mgm| _o§ X{cV OZ-OrdZ H$sg_ñ`mE°§ Am¡a emofU-_y[º$ H$s ^mdZm CâVr h¢& o gmao CnÝ`mg X{cV CnÝ`mg coIZ-na§nam H$s Ztd h¢& ^co hr J¡a X{cV coIH$m| Ûmam coIZ hþAm hmo, na CZHo$ X{cV OrdZ g§X^m}Ho$ AÜ``Z d gmoM H$mo ZH$mam Zht Om gH$Vm&

X{cV coIH$m| Ûmam CnÝ`mg-coIZ ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ níMmV² ewê$ hmoVo {XImB© XoVm h¢&""S>m°. am_Or cmc ghm`H$ Ûmam g¥{OV Am¡a gZ 1954 _| n«H$m{eV CnÝ`mg "~§YZ_wpŠV' H$moXmdo Ho$ gmW AmYw{ZH$ H$mc H$m nhcm CnÝ`mg H$hm OmVm h¢&''3 Bg_§o M_ma Om{V Ho$ X{cVmo§H$m OrdZ-g§Kf© A{^ì`ŠV h¡&§ BgHo$ ~mX gZ² 1982 _o S>r. nr. dê$U H$m "A_aÁ`mo{V'CnÝ`mg n«H$m{eV hþAm, {Og_| X{cV Om{V Ho$ Zm`H$ A_a Am¡a ~«m÷U Om{V H$s Zm{`H$mÁ`mo{V Ho$ A§VaOmVr` {ddmh H$mo AmemdmXr X¥pîQ> go n«ñVwV {H$`m h¢& BgHo$ ~mX S>m°. Y_©dra H$m"nhcm IV', O` n«H$me H$X©_ Ho$ "H$ê$Um', "N>ßna', n«o_ H$nm{S>`m H$m "{_Q²>Q>r H$s gm¢JY',gË`n«H$me H$m "Og-Vg-^B©-gdoa', _mohZXmg Z¡{_eam` H$m "_wpŠVnd©', _XZ {XjrV H$m

(26)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


"_moar H$s BªQ' Am{X H$B© CnÝ`mg X{cV coIZ-na§nam _| AmVo h¢&"N>ßna' _| X{cV Zm`H$ MÝXZ H$s {ejm H$m g\$a Am¡a CgHo$ n[adma OZm| PocZr

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_XZ {XjrV H$s "_moar H$s B©Q>' CnÝ`mg _| _ohVam| H$s OrdZ-ì`Wm, Y_mªVa H$sn«d¥pËV, A\$ga Ed§ O_rZXmam| Ûmam hmoVo emofU H$mo `WmW©Vm go ñnîQ> {H$`m h¢& OJXreM§X« Ho$"YaVr YZ Z AnZm' _| M_ma Om{V Ho$ X{cVm| Ho$ emofU Am¡a {dX«moh H$s H$hmZr h¢&"_wpŠVnd©" Am¡a X{cV {d_e©

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CnÝ`mg _| M_ma Om{V Ho$ cmoJm| H$m OrdZ-g§Kf© {M{ÌV h¡& CnÝ`mg H$m _w»` nmÌ~§gr OmJraXma Zdm~ Acr dXu Im§ Ho$ `hm± Zm¡H$a Ho$ ê$n _| ~oJma Ho$ H$m_ H$aVm Wm& AmOmXrHo$ ~mX O_tXmar H$m ImË_m hmoVo hr ~§gr Ho$ Ka ~ƒo H$m OÝ_ hmoVm h¡& Cg {XZ dh Zdm~ H$shdocr na Xmo K§Qo> Xoar go nh°w§MVm h¡& Zdm~ Jwñgo _| H$hVm h¡- ""A^r Vmo AmOmXr ^r Zht AmB©h¡& AmOmXr AmZo na o ñgmco Š`m H$a|Jo&..... Aao BZ Jwcm_m| _| go H$moB© Am J`m h¡ Š`m &''5 doCgo CJmcXmZ cmZo H$hVo h¡, na ~§gr H$mo CJmcXmZ Zht {_cVm& do ~§gr H$mo hWocr gm_Zo H$aZoH$mo H$hVo h¡& Cgr jU Zdm~ CgH$s hWocr na AnZm ~cJ_ Wy±H$ XoVo h¡& Bggo ~§gr ñd§ H$moAn_m{ZV _hgyg H$a A§Xa hr A§Xa H«$mo{YV hmoVm h¡&

AmOmXr {_cZo H$s MMm© nyao Omoamo§ na Wr& ~ñVr Ho$ cmoJ n[adV©Z H$s Amg cJmE ~¡Ro>Wo& ~§gr Am¡a gw§Xar H$mo ~ƒm hmoZo go AmZ§X Wm& hdocr _| H$m_ H$aVo g_` ~§gr H$mo Zdm~

(27)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AmdmO XoVo h¡, dh AmJo ~‹T>>Vm h¡, Vmo do Cg na H«$mo{YV hmoVo hþE H$hVo h¡- ""Vw_ Jwcm_ Wo,Jwcm_ hmo, Jwcm_ ahm|Jo&""6 `h gwZH$a CgH$m IwZ Im¡cVm h¡, AnZm {damoY Xem©Vo hþE H$hVmh¡- ""OZm~o Acr, h_ Z Jwcm_ Wo, Z Jwcm_ h¡ Am¡a Z Jwcm_ ah|Jo&''7 o gwZH$a Zdm~ H«$mo{YVhmoH$a Cg na {Mc_ \|$H$ _maVo h¡, Omo CgHo$ _mWo na cJH$a IyZ ~hZo cJVm h¡& Cgr {XZgo ~§gr hdocr H$m H$m_ N>moS> XoVm h¡& Bg pñW{V go ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ Zdm~m| O¡goO_tXma X{cVm| na H¡$gm AÝ`m`-AË`mMma H$a CZH$m emofU H$aVo h¡ Am¡a Cggo _wŠV hmoZoH$s N>Q>nQ>mhQ> coH$a {OZo dmcm| H$s pñW{V-J{V H¡$gr h¡& ~§gr H$m OmJZm gm_m{OH$ {dX«moh VWmH«$m§{V Ho$ {dMma H$m n«ma§ h¡&

~§gr Ho$ Ka ~ƒm n¡Xm hmoZo na CgH$m Zm_ aIZo H$s g_ñ`m CgHo$ gm_Zo h¡& Bg{cEn§{S>VOr Zo gwPmE H$mcy, MoVy, ~wÜXw, aJSy>, PJSy>, XJSy>, ^JSy> O¡go Zm_m| H$mo dh AñdrH¥$VH$a ñd§ AnZo ~ƒo H$m Zm_ gwZrV aIVm h¡ Am¡a g§H$ën H$aVm h¡ {H$, ""AmO Ho$ ~mX Bg~ñVr _| {H$gr n§{S>>V H$s Oê$aV Zht nSo>Jt&''8 `h {dX«moh h¡ g{X`m| go McVr gm_m{OH${df_Vm Ho$ n«{V, `hm± ~ƒo H$m Zm_H$aU gm_m{OH$ ~Xcmd H$m hr n«VrH$ h¡&

Hw$N> {XZm| ~mX Zdm~gmh~ ñd§ ~ñVr _| AmH$a ~§gr H$mo CgHo$ ~oQo> H$mo hdocr naH$m_ na oOZo H$mo H$hVo h¡& Bg na ~§gr H$m `h Odm~ {H$, ""Zdm~ gmh~, Z A~ _¢ {H$gr H$sJwcm_r H$ê±$Jm Am¡a Z _oam ~ƒm& _wPo Jwcm_ ~Zo ahZo H$s AmXV Zht Zdm~ gmh~& d¡go ^r XoeA~ AmOmX hmo J`m h¡& A~ Z H$moB© {H$gr H$m Jwcm_ h¡ Am¡a Z H$moB© {H$gr H$m _m{cH$& g~~aã~a h¡&''9 {ZpíMV hr X{cVm| H$s gmoM-g_P _| AmZodmco n[adV©Z H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡&

~ñVr _| ñHy$c IwcZm X{cVm| Ho$ ~ƒm| H$mo AmJo ~‹T>>Zo H$m _m¡H$m Wm& ~§gr AnZo ~oQo> H$mon‹T>mZm MmhVm h¡& gwZrV H$mo n‹T>>Vo g_` {OZ H${R>ZmB`m| H$m gm_Zm H$aZm nS>Vm h¡, CggogdUm} H$s X{cV {damoYr _mZ{gH$Vm ñnîQ> hmoVr Xem©Vm h¡& X{cVm| H$mo _§Xra n«doe-{ZfoY,gdUm} Ho$ gmW {nZo H$m nmZr Z XoZm, Am{X KQ>ZmE°§§ Am¡a CZHo$ {damoY _| ~mcH$ gwZrV {dX«mohH$aVm h¡& ñHw$c _| n‹T>>mB© _| Aìdc hmoZo na ^r Cgo Xwgao `m Vrgao Z§~a na gZmVZr qhXyAÜ`mnH$m| Ûmam OmZ-~wPH$a YHo$cm OmVm h¡& AÜ`mnH$ Cgo `mo½`Vm Ho$ AmYma na Zht ~pëH$

(28)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Om{V Ho$ AmYma na ñH$m°ca{en coZo _O~ya H$aZm MmhVo h¡, na Bg_| ^r dh g§Kf© H$a AmJo~‹T>>Vm h¡&

ñHw$c _| H$aVmam §Jr Ho$ ~oQo> CN>mc qgh H$mo n«doe XoZo hoVw gwZrV H$mo H$S>m g§Kf©H$aZm nS>Vm h¡& ñHw$c Ho$ A{YH$Va AÜ`mnH$ n«doe XoZo Ho$ {damoY _| I‹S>o> hmoVo h¡, na hoS>_mñQ>a Ûmam CN>mc H$mo n«doe {_cVm h¡& ~moS©> H$s narjm _| gwZrV n«W_ loUr _| CpËVU© hmoZo na^r Cgo Xygao Z§~a na YHo$cm OmVm h¡& BgHo$ nrNo> ê${T>dmXr qhXw AÜ`mnH$m| H$m hr fS> §Ì hmoVmh¡& AÜ`mnH$ nm§So>Or H$m `h H$WZ Bgo ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡- ""AJa ggwao To>T>-M_ma Ho$ ~ƒo Zoh_mao ñHy$c H$mo Q>mn {H$`m Vmo ZmH$ Zht H$Q> OmEJr h_mar & Š`m ~«m÷Um| Ho$ ~ƒo _mao JE AìdcAmZo Ho$ {cE & o ggyao OyVo J§m°R>Zo dmco H¡$go AmJo ~T>Vo Om aho h¢&''10 ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ {ejm O¡gon{dÌ joÌ _| gdUm} Ûmam X{cVm§o H$mo H¡$go Xya aIm OmVm Wm&

BVZm hr Zht§ Vmo X[cV cmoJm| na R>mHw$am| H$m AÝ`m`-AË`mMma H¡$gm A_mZwf Wm,BgH$m nVm ZQ>dm Ho$ OrdZ g§X^m} go McVm h¡& CgH$s nËZr na R>mHw$a ~cmËH$ma H$aVo h¡ Am¡aCgo _maH$a CgH$s cme ^r Ocm S>mcVo h¡& Eogr KQ>ZmE°§ X{cVm| na hmo aho A_mZwf AË`mMmam|H$mo Xem©Vr h¡&

A§V _| gwZrV AnZr ghnmR>r gw{_Ìm Ho$ gmW AÜ`mnH$ ~ZH$a ~ñVr _| AnZo g_mOH$mo {e{jV H$aZo Ho$ CX²Xoe go cm¡Q> AmVm h¡& Bg `mÌm Ho$ g§~§Y _| ñd§ _mohZXmg Z¡{_fam`H$hVo h¡- ""h_ _wpŠV nd© {H$go H$h|......? O~ Xoe AmOmX hþAm Cgo `m O~ {H$gr Om{V `mHw$N> Om{V`m| H$mo AmOmXr {_cr Cgo& _wpŠV go Am{Ia VmËn © Š`m h¡, EH$ AmX_r H$s _wpŠV `mEH$ {deof Om{V H$s.....?''11 {ZpíMV hr dV©_mZ n[an«oú` _| h_§o gmoMZo _O~ya H$aVm h¡ {H$AmOmXr ghr AWm} _| g^r H$mo {_cr h¡ ?

`h Am‹OmXr AWm©V _wpŠV {H$gH$s h¡, Bg Xoe H$s A§J«oOm| go `m Xoe Ho$ XrZ-X{cVcmoJm| H$s O_tXma, goR> gmhþH$mam| go? BVZm Vmo {ZpíMV h¡ {H$, ""O¡go-O¡go AmOmXr H$m gyaO{ZH$cVm h¡ d¡go-d¡go X{cVm| Ho$ ^rVa AmË_{dídmg ~‹T>>Vm h¡& Ohm§ EH$ Va\$ CZHo$ ~rMhfm}„mg hmoVm h¡ dhr Xygar Amoa Zdm~m| VWm O_tXmam| _| Hw§$R>mE§ OÝ_ coVr h¡& do X{cVm| H$mo d¡go

(29)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


hr Jwcm_ g_PZo H$s Iwe\$h_r aIVo h¡& CÝh| Xoe Am¡a g_mO H$mo {_cr AmOmXr gwhmVr Zht,Š`m|{H$ X{cV A~ AnZo dOyX H$mo nhMmZZo cJo Wo&''12

ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ "_wpŠVnd©" _| X{cVm| Ho$ AmË_gå_mZ H$s ajm, AñdrH$ma `m Cnojm H$s^mdZm, CZHo$ {dX«moh Ed§ g§Kf© H$m {MÌU, A{YH$mam| H$s n«m{á Am¡a ñdV§ÌVm, Ý`m`, g_Vm Ed§~§YwVm O¡go _mZdr _yë`m| H$s njYaVm n[ac{jV hmoVr h¡& BZ _mZXÊS>m| na CnÝ`mg g\$c{gX²Y hmoVm h¡&{ZîH$f© …

X{cV {d_e© H$m gm{hË` {d{^ÝZ {dYmAm| _| {cIm Om ahm h¡& g[X`m| go Omo emo{fV h¡,{OÝho AnZo A{YH$mam| go d§{MV aIm J`m, CZH$s Apñ_Vm X{cV gm{hË` h¡& X{cV gm{hË` Ho$n«oaUmñÌmoV _hmË_m \w$co, amOfu emhÿ _hmamO Am¡a S>m° ~m~mgmho~ A§~o‹S>>H$a aho h¡& X{cV EH$gm_m{OH$ pñW{V h¡, CgHo$ nhco EH$ _mZ{gH$Vm h¡& X_ Km|Q>Vr `mVZm_`r q‹OXJr _| gm_m{OH$An_mZ Ho$ gmjmËH$ma-~moY H$m gm{hË` X{cV gm{hË` h¡& X{cV gm{hË` H$s AnZr ñdV§Ìd¡Mm[aH$, gm_m{OH$ Ed§ gm{hpË`H$ n¥îR> y{_ h¡& X{cV gm{hË` n«ñWm{nV gm{hpË`H$ _yë` Ed§_mÝ`VmAm| H$m {damoY H$a AnZm AcJ gm gm¢X ©emñÌ n«ñVwV H$aVm h¡& Cg_| n« wŠV n«VrH$,ì §OZm, ag, ^mfm Am{X AnZm _hËd aIVo h¡& AñdrH$ma,nr‹S>>m, {dX«moh Ed§ g§Kf©, n[adV©ZdmXrgmoM, AmË_gå_mZ Am¡a ñdV§ÌVm, Ý`m`, g_Vm Ed§ ~§YwVm O¡go _mZdr _yë`m| H$s njYaVmAm{X _mZX§S>mo Ho$ AmYma na X{cV gm{hË` H$s g_rjm hmo gH$Vr h¡&

qhXr _| X{cV Am¡a J¡a X{cV coIH$m| H$mo Ûmam X{cV CnÝ`mg {cIo JE h¢& n«o_M§Xnyd©, n«o_M§X VWm ñdmV§ÌmoËVa H$mc _| J¡a X{cV coIH$m| Zo CnÝ`mg {cIo h¡& "~ÝYZ_wpŠV',"_moar H$s B©Q>', "{_Q²>Q>r H$s gm¢JY', "Og-Vg-^B©-gdoa', "_moar H$s B©Q', "_wpŠVnd©' Am{XH$B© CnÝ`mg X{cV coIH$m| Ûmam {cIo JE CnÝ`mgm| H$s na§nam _| AmVo h¡&

"_wpŠVnd©' CnÝ`mg M_ma Om{V Ho$ X{cVm| Ho$ OrdZ H$s ì`Wm-H$Wm H$mo AmOmXr `m_wpŠV Ho$ ê$n _| gm_Zo cmVm h¡& AmOmXr n«m{á go EH$ Amoa O_tXmar Ho$ CÝ_wcZ H$mo Vmo XygarAmoa X{cVm| Ho$ OrdZ-n[adV©Z H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo _| CnÝ`mg gj_ h¡& Cg_| X{cVm| Ho$

(30)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AmË_gå_mZ H$s ajm, AñdrH$ma H$s nr‹S>>m, {dX«moh Ed§ g§Kf©, ñd A{YH$mam| H$s n«m{á VWmñdV§ÌVm, Ý`m`, g_Vm Ed§ ~§YwVm O¡go _yë`m| H$s njYaVm ñnîQ> hmoVr h¡&g§X © …

1. X{cV gm{hË` _| n«_wI {dYmE°§ - _mVm n«gmX, n¥.38-39.2. dhr, n¥.1523. dhr, n¥.224. ê${‹T>>dm{XVm Ho$ {Icm\$ MoVZm H$m ñda… Og-Vg-^B©-gdoa, X{cV-gm{hË` 1999,

n¥.318.5. _wpŠVnd©-_mohZXmg Z¡{_eam`, n¥.226. dhr, n¥.287. dhr, n¥.288. dhr, n¥.329. dhr, n¥.3810. dhr, n¥.112-11311. dhr _oar ~mV, n¥îR> go.12. dhr, n¥. nhco âbon go

(31)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


qhXr X{bV gm{hË¶ H$s AmbmoMZm

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - I-V

àm. àH$me gXm{ed gy¶©d§eràm. àH$me gXm{ed gy¶©d§eràm. àH$me gXm{ed gy¶©d§eràm. àH$me gXm{ed gy¶©d§eràm. àH$me gXm{ed gy¶©d§erqhXr {d^mJ

ñdm. g¡. gy¶© mZOr ndma ‘hm{dÚmb¶,nyUm© {O. naÛr.

S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~o‹S>>H$a Ho$ ‘mZd‘w{º$ Ho$ {dMma Am¡a CZH$s àoaUm go {Z{‘©V ‘amR>rX{bV gm{hË¶ hr qhXr X{bV gm{hË¶ {Z{‘©[V H$s àoaUm h¡& hOmam| dfm] go {df‘VmdmXrì¶dñWm Ho$ emofU H$m {eH$ma ~Zo X{bV g‘mO H$mo ‘wº$ H$aZo Ho$ {bE qhXr gm{hË¶g§gma ‘| X{bV gm{hË¶ boIZ EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© Am¡a n[adV©Zr¶ ¶wJ H$s ewê$AmV ‘mZrOmVr h¡& ‘ZwdmXr ì¶dñWm Zo X{bVmo§ H$mo new g‘PH$a CÝh| ‘mZdr A{YH$mam| go XÿaaIm Wm& {df‘Vm Ho$ A§Yoao ‘| ^Q>H$ aho X{bV g‘mO H$mo g‘Vm, ñdV§ÌVm, Ý¶m¶ VWm~§YwVm Ho$ {dMmam| go CZHo$ OrdZ ‘| amoeZr bmZo H$m ‘hÎdnyU© H$m¶© S>m°. ~m~mgmho~Am§~oS>H$a Zo {H$¶m&

‘mZd‘w[º$ H$m {h‘m¶Vr ahm X{bV gm{hË¶ nma§n[aH$ gm{h[Ë¶H$ AdYmaUmAm|‘mZXÊS>m| VWm g‘rjm nÕ{V H$m I§S>Z H$aVm h¡& {e{jV X{bV ¶¶¶¶¶wdH$m| Zo na§namJVgm{hË¶ ‘| O~ AnZo AZw dm| H$mo Zht nm¶m V~ do AnZo XhH$Vo AZw d gm{hË¶ ‘|ì¶º$ H$aZo bJ§o& ¶h gm{hË¶ {df‘Vm, A§Y{dídmg, nwZO©Ý‘, nmn-nwÊ¶, ñdJ©-ZaH$$Am{X H$r H$R>moa qZXm H$aVo hþE ¶wJm|-¶wJm| go Cno{jV d§{MV, emo{fV, nr[‹S>>V bmoJmo§ Ho$OrdZ H$m ¶WmW© àñVwV H$aVm h¡& X{bV gm{hË¶ Ho$ g§X © ‘| a‘{UH$m Jwám {bIVr h¡-""AZw dm| H$s àm‘m{UH$Vm go X{bV gm{hË¶ ‘| Z¶m Voda Câm, Omo grYo ‘Z H$mo Ny>Vmh¡& ¶h dV©‘mZ gm{hË¶ Ho$ {bO{bOonZ Am¡a ~mgrnZ VWm EH$ê$nr, agdmXr àUmbrgo {^Þ h¡ Am¡a M‘ËH$mar H$ënZmAm| go {~ëHw$b AbJ hmoVm h¡, BgHo$ Xm¶ao ‘| A§Y{dídmg,

(32)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


^m½¶, nyZO©Ý‘ Ho$ H$‘©, Y‘© ¶m ^JdmZ Zht AmVo& ¶h à¶ËZ ¶WmW© go ‘wº$ h¡, Ord§Vh¡& Owë‘m| go OwPVo hþE, ‘aVo hþE Am¡a OrVo hþE Ho$ ~rM Ho$, BX©-JrX© Ho$ ór-nwê$fm| H$mogm‘Zo bmVm h¡&''

X{bV boIH$m| H$s ¶h YmaUm h¡ [H$, na§namJV gm{hË¶ ‘| OrdZ Xe©Z,AZw y{V Am¡a AnZo AZw dm| H$m ¶WmW© {MÌU Zht Am¶m& na§namJV gm{hË¶ H$m ‘ybà¶moOZ AmZ§X Ho$ {bE agmoËn{V ‘mZm J¶m Omo AmZ§X-ag j{UH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& ¶hAmË‘mZw y{V H$s A{^ì¶{º$ H$m gm{hË¶ h¡& Bg{bE ¶h empãXH$ M‘ËH$mam| VH$ gr{‘VZht h¡& dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| AmbmoMZm H$m ñdê$n ~Xb ahm h¡& X{bV gm{hË¶ H$sAmbmoMZm AnZr {d{^ÞVm H$m gdm©{YH$ {dÐmohr Am¡a {d{eï> ê$n boH$a Am¶r h¡&na§namJV gm{hË¶mbmoMZm go X{bV gm{hË¶mbmoMZm H$m H$moB© boZm-XoZm Zht h¡& Bgg§X © ‘§o S>m°. ldUHw$‘ma ‘rZm {bIVo h¡- ""X{bV AmbmoMZm ar[VH$mbrZ agdmXrAmbmoMZm Zht, BgH$m N>§X, Ab§H$ma ¶m Üd[Z dH«$mo[º$ {gÕmÝVm| go {deof boZm-XoZmZht h¡& ¶h AmbmoMZm gm{hpË¶H$ go A{YH$ gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$ e¡{jH$Am¡a ‘Zmo{díbofUmË‘H$, VËdmo§-VÏ¶m| Am¡a {gÕmÝVm| H$s n‹S>Vmb H$aVr h¡&''

nma§n[aH$ gm¢X¶©emó Ho$ à{V‘mZm| go [^Þ X{bV gm{hË¶ Ho$ gm¢X¶©emó H$sAmdí¶H$Vm H$mo X{bV boIH$ ‘hgyg H$aVo h¡& na‘mZ§X lrdmñVd, Zm‘da qgh O¡goqhXr Ho$ g‘rjH$ X{bV gm{hË¶ Ho$ {bE AbJ gm¢X¶©emó H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo ZH$maVoh¡& X{bV gm{hË¶H$ma eãXm| H$m à¶moJ gå‘mohZ Ho$ {bE Zht H$aVm ~pëH$ emofU Am¡aAË¶mMma Ho$ {damoY H$s geº$ b‹S>mB© Ho$ {bE H$aVm h¡& Bg g§X © ‘| qhXr Ho$ à{gÕg‘rjH$ S>m°. EZ.qgh {bIVo h¡ - ""X{bV gm{hË¶ H$m eãX gm¢X¶© àhma ‘| h¡,gå‘mohZ ‘| Zht& dh g‘mO Am¡a gm{hË¶ ‘| eVmpãX¶m| go Mbr Am ahr gS>r-JbrnaånamAm| na ~oXXu go MmoQ> H$aVm h¡& dh emofU Am¡a AË¶mMma Ho$ ~rM hVme OrdZOrZodmbo X{bV H$mo b‹S>>Zm {gImVm h¡, dh {ga na nËWa T>moZodmbr ‘OXÿa ‘{hbm H$moCgHo$ A{YH$mam| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ~VbmVm h¡& Cgo Y‘© H$s yb wb¡¶m go {ZH$mbH$a emofU

(33)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


go ‘w{º$ H$m ‘mJ© {XImVm h¡& CgHo$ {bE {Og empãXH$ àhma j‘Vm H$s, Amdí¶H$Vmh¡, dh Cg‘§o h¡, Am¡a ¶hr X{bV gm{hË¶ H$m {eën gm¢X¶© h¡&''

qhXr X{bV gm{hË¶ Ho$ H$hmZr, CnÝ¶mg, H${dVm Am¡a AmË‘H$Wm Am{X{dYmAm| ‘| ânya boIZ hmo ahm h¡& AnZo ^moJo hþE ¶WmW© H$s A{^ì¶[³V H$r g‘rjmnwamZo ‘mZXÊS>m| go Zht H$s Om gH$Vr BgH$m Ehgmg O~ X{bV g‘rjH$m| H$mo hmoZo bJmV~ do Bg Z¶o gm{hË¶ H$s g‘rjm ‘mZdVmdmXr Ñ[ï>H$moU go H$aZo bJo& qhXr ‘|AmbmoMZm Ho$ joÌ ‘| AnZr {deof nhMmZ ~ZmZodmbo AmbmoMH$m| ‘| S>m°. EZ.qgh,Amo‘àH$me, dmë‘r[H$, O¶àH$me H$X©‘, H§$db^maVr S>m°. H$mbrMaU ñZohr, a‘{UH$mJwám, em¡amOqgh ~oM¡Z, nwê$fmoÎm‘ gË¶ào‘r Hw$gy‘ ‘oKdmb, ‘mohZXmg Z¡{‘eam¶ Am¡aS>m°. Y‘©dra Am[X AmbmoMH$mo§ H$m Zm‘ à‘wI ê$n go {b¶m OmVm h¡& S>m°. EZ.qgh Ho$ Ûmamg§nm{XV ‘| X{bV gm{hË¶ qMVZ Ho$ {d{dY Am¶m‘ ¶h X{bV gm{hË¶bmoMZm H$s nhbraMZm ‘mZr OmVr h¡& BgH$s nw{ï> XoVo hþE ‘mohZXmg Z¡{‘eam¶ {bIVo h¡& - ""S>m°.EZ.qgh Ûmam gånm{XV "X{bV gm{hË¶ qMVZ Ho$ {d{dY Am¶m‘' qhXr X{bV gm{hË¶ H$mog‘PZo naIZo Ho$ {bE nhbr nwñVH$ ‘mZr OmEJr, {Og‘| {d{^Þ Ñ[ï>H$moU go {bIo JEX{bV gm{hË¶ na ~mah ‘hÎdnyU© boIm| H$m g§J«h h¡&''

qhXr ‘| X{bV AmbmoMZm na H|${ÐV {H$Vm~m| ‘| Amo‘àH$me dmë‘r[H$ H$s"X{bV gm{hË¶ H$m gm¢X¶©emó' VoOrqgh H$s "AmO H$m X{bV gm{hË¶'S>m°. Y‘©draH$s, "H$~ra Ho$ AmbmoMH$'H§$db^maVr H$s "X{bV gm{hË¶ H$s AdYmaUm'h[aZmam¶UR>mHy$a H$s "X{bV gm{hË¶ H$m g‘mOemó" S>m°.gmohZnmb gw‘Zmja H$s "X{bV gm{hË¶"

S>m°. EZ. qgh H$s "‘oam X{bV qMV' S>m°. H$m{bMaU ñZohr H$s "qhXr gm{hË¶ ‘| X{bVApñ‘Vm'Am{X J«§W ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZo OmVo h¢&

X{bV gm{hË¶ H$s AmbmoMZm CgHo$ g¡Õm§{VH$ nj H$s Anojm ì¶mdhm[aH$ njH$mo Am¡a H$bmnj H$s Anojm ^mdnj H$mo A{YH$ Abmo{MV H$aVr h¡& AZoH$ AmbmoMH$m|H$m ¶h ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ X{bV boIH$m| H$s ^mfm XohmVr, J±dB©, ~oT>§Jr h¡& dh H§$B© ~ma

(34)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AíbrbVm Ho$ ñVa H$mo N>y boVr h¡& bo{H$Z Agb ~mV ¶h h¡ {H$ X{bV gm{hË¶H$mam| ZoAnZo ^moJo hþE ¶WmW© H$mo gm{hË¶ H$m {df¶ ~Zm¶m& ^bo hr CZHo$ nmg ì¶mH$a{UH$AWdm H$bmnjr¶ emór¶ kmZ Zht h¡ bo{H$Z, ^mdZmJV VWm ì¶mdhm[aH$ Ñ[ï> go dona§namJV AmbmoMH$ VWm gm{hË¶H$ma go AmJo h¡& Bg g§X © ‘| S>m°. ldUHw$‘ma ‘rZm{bIVo h¡- ""X{bV gm{hË¶H$mam| VWm AmbmoMH$m| H$mo Ho$db Bg ~mV na Im[aO Zht{H$¶m Om gH$Vm {H$ CÝh| gm{hË¶ Ho$ ì¶mH$aU gå‘V AWdm H$bmnjr¶ g¡ÕmpÝVH$emór¶ njm| H$m kmZ Zht h¡& ar{V‘w³V H${d KZmZ§X, ~moYm, Amb‘ Am¡a R>mHw$a {Ogloð> ^mdZm- ~moY Ho$ H$maU ar{VH$mb Ho$ CËH¥$ï> Am¡a ì¶mdhm[aH$ à‘m{UH$ H${d¶m| ‘|XOm© nm JE h¢& ¶Ú{n CÝhm|Zo ar{V~Õ Ho$ed, {Îmar ¶m ‘{Vam‘ O¡gr H$mì¶emór¶J«§W Zht {bIo, bjUJ«§Wmo H$s aMZm Zht H$s Cgr Vah X{bV gm{hË¶H$ma ^r AnZogr{‘V kmZ {H$ÝVw gƒr AZw y{V Am¡a B‘mZXmar âr gab ñnï> A{^ì¶[º$ Ho$ H$maUqhXr gm{hË¶ ‘| JU‘mÝ¶ hr H$h§o Om gH$Vo h¢& ¶{X na§namJV gm{hË¶H$ma, AmbmoMH$g¡Õm§{VH$ Vm¡a na loð> h¡ Vmo "X{bV gm{hË¶H$ma ¶m AmbmoMH$' ì¶mdhm[aH$ Am¡a mdZmJVAmYma na AnZo ñVa na AmJo h¡&''

X{bV gm{hË¶ ¶h AmË‘mZw^y{V H$s A{^ì¶[º$ H$m gm{hË¶ h¡& na§namJVAmbmoMZm nÕ{V H$s {Xdmam| H$mo Vmo‹S>H$a X{bV gm{hË¶H$ma Am¡a AmbmoMH$ gm‘m{OH$,gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$, e¡{jH$ Am¡a ‘Zmo{díbofUmË‘H$ VÏ¶m| H$mo àñVwV H$a ahm h¡&g§X^©J« §W …g§X^©J« §W …g§X^©J« §W …g§X^©J« §W …g§X^©J« §W …

1. ¶wÕaV Am‘ AmX‘r- A§H$ 41-42 g§nmXH$s¶, 1998, n¥ð> H«$. 6.2. X{bV gm{hË¶ Am¡a g‘gm‘m{¶H$ g§X^© S>m°. ldUHw$‘ma ‘rUm, g§O¶ àH$meZ, {X„r- n¥ð>

52.3. X{bV {d‘e© Am¡a qhXr X{bV H$mì¶ - S>m°. H$mbrMaU ñZohr, Ý¶w am°¶b ~wH$ H§$. bIZD$, n¥ð>

100-101.4. X{bV gm{hË¶ Am¡a g‘gm‘m{¶H$ g§X © - S>m°. ldUHw$‘ma ‘rUm, g§O¶ àH$meZ, {X„r- n¥ð>

53.5. X{bV gm{hË¶ Am¡a g‘gm‘m{¶H$ g§X © - S>m°. ldUHw$‘ma ‘rUm, g§O¶ àH$meZ, {X„r- n¥ð>

58, 59.

(35)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


qhXr X{cV gm{hË` H$s g_rjm

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - I-VI

dV©_mZ g_` _| X{cV MoVZm H$s AmdmO ^maV H$s {H$gr ^r H$moZo _| n«H$m{eVhmoZdmcr n{ÌH$m Š`m| Z hmo Cg_| X{cV gm{hË` H$s MMm© Adí` XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡& qhXr VWm_amR>r gm{hË` H$s VwcZm H$s OmE Vmo X{cVm| H$mo coH$a qhXr go A{YH$ _mÌm _| _amR>r _| gm{hË`{cIm J`m h¡& _amR>r gm{hË` _| X{cV H$m {MÌU qhXr gm{hË` H$s Anojm nhco hr hmo MwH$m h¡&X{cV dJ© H$s ì`m»`m qhXr gm{hË` H$moe ^mJ EH$ _| (Yra|X« d_m© -g§nm{XV) am_H¥$îU_{U{ÌnmR>r H$hVo h¢, X{cV dJ© `h g_mO H$m {ZåZV_ dJ© hmoVm h¡, {OgH$mo {d{eîR> g§km Am{W©H$ì`dñWmAm| Ho$ AZwén hr n«má hmoVr h¡& CXmhaUmW©- Xmg n«Wm _| Xmg, gm_§VdmXr ì`dñWm _|{H$gmZ, ny±OrdmXr ì`dñWm _| _OXya, g_mO H$m X{cV dJ© H$hcmVm h¡& Vmo dV©_mZ X{cVgm{hË` Ho$ n«{V{Z{Y aMZmH$ma Amo_n«H$me dmë_r{H$ Ho$ AZwgma X{cVm| Ûmam {cIm OmZodmcmgm{hË` hr X{cV gm{hË` h¡& CZH$s _mÝ`VmZwgma X{cV hr X{cV H$s nr‹S>m H$mo ~ohVa T§>J gog_P gH$Vm h¡, Am¡a dhr Cg AZw d H$s n«m_m{UH$ A{^ì`pŠV H$a gH$Vm h¡& BÝhm|Zo Ho$dcX{cVm| Ûmam {cIo JE gm{hË` H$mo hr X{cV gm{hË` ñdrH$ma {H$`m h¡& Vmo S>m°. gmohZnmcgw_Zga- AmH«$moe, {MI, doXZm, nr‹S>m, Mw Z, KwQ>Z Am¡a N>Q>nQ>mhQ> go wŠV gm{hË` H$moX{cV gm{hË` H$hm h¡& Bg n«H$ma X{cV gm{hË` H$s AcJ AcJ ì`m»`mE± H$s JB© h¢&

qhXr CnÝ`mg H$s X¥{ï> go n«o_M§X qhXr Ho$ n{hco H$WmH$ma h¡ Omo X{cV nmÌm| Ho$ O[aEX{cVm| H$s ì`Wm-H$Wm H$hVo h¢& CZHo$ "a§J y{_' CnÝ`mg H$m Zm`H$ gyaXmg M_ma h¡& dhOÝ_ go A§Ym h¡& cmoJm| H$s X`m na CgH$s CnOr{dH$m McVr h¡& Bgr n«H$ma "H$m`mH$ën' _|EH$ g_wXm` Ho$ én _| X{cV nmÌ AmE h¢ Omo R>mHw$a h[agodH$ Ûmam A_mZw{fH$ AË`mMma Ho$

OmYd kmZoída EH$ZmWamdemoYN>mÌ

ñdm.am.Vr._.{dÚmnrR>,Zm§XoS>.

S>m°.{dO` {edam_ ndmaqhXr {d^mJlr Jwê$ ~wpÜXñdm_r _hm{dÚmc`, nwUm©.

(36)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{eH$ma hmoVo h¡§& BZ XmoZm| CnÝ`mg Ho$ nmÌ hrZ-XrZ h¡& "H$_© y{_' _| JwXS> Mm¡Yar M_ma h¡ Am¡a{df_Vm Ho$ n«{V CgHo$ _Z _| Ag§Vmf h¡& "JmoXmZ' H$s gr{c`m ^r X{cV nmÌ h¡& JmoXmZ H$sgr{c`m O¡gr hr pñW{V nmÊSo>` ~oMZe_m© "CJ«' H$m CnÝ`mg "~YwAm H$s ~oQ>r' H$s Zm{`H$ma{Y`m H$s h¡& gdU© wdH$ KZí`m_ n«o_ H$m ZmQ>H$ H$a CgH$m X¡{hH$ emofU H$aVm h¡, qH$VwCgo nËZr Zht ~ZmVm gmW hr Bgr CnÝ`mg Ho$ nmÌ " §Jr' AnZo A{YH$mam| Ho$ {cE g§Kf© H$aVoh¡§ Am¡a CZH$s _m±Jo _mZ cr OmVr h¡& X{cV MoVZm Ho$ {hV _| Bgo EH$ ~‹S>r `m H«$m§{VH$marCncãYr _mZm Om gH$Vm h¡& Bgr n«H$ma Jmonmc CnmÜ`m` Ho$ "EH$ Qw>H$S>m B{Vhmg' _| H$m§Vm_{UX{cV wdVr H$mo AnZm ^r coVm h¡ Vmo Om{V go ~{hîH¥$V hmoH$a ahZo H$s Anojm A§ËÒ nËZrAm¡a CgHo$ ~ƒo H$m n[aË`mJ H$a dh {\$a go Om{V _| gpå_{cV hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a X{cV wdVrH$ht H$s Zht ahVr& "YaVr YZ Z AnZm' OJXreM§X« Ho$ Bg CnÝ`mg _o S>m°. {~gZXmgn«J[Verc H$å w{ZîR> H$m_aoS> H$m n«{V{Z{YËd H$aVm h¡, Omo Ho$dc nmoWr{ZîR> {gÜXm§Vm| H$s ~mVoH$aVo h¡§& {H$Vm~r Am¡a ~m¡pÜXH$ ~hgm| Ho$ O[aE H«$m§{V cmZo H$m gnZm XoIVo h¢& Bgo X{cVg§doXZm na n{hcm CnÝ`mg _mZm OmVm h¡&

^JdVrMaU d_m© Ho$ "grYr gƒr ~mV|' H$s {_g _ÊS>c ^r qhXy Y_© H$s Om{V ì`dñWmAm¡a Nw>AmNy>V go {ZOmV nmZo Ho$ {cE BgmB© ~Z OmVr h¡& qH$Vw BgmB© ~Z OmZo go ^r X{cVm| H$sgm_m{OH$ pñW{V _| H$moB© n[adV©Z Zht hmoVm h¡& `h pñW{V AmO ^r h_mao Xoe Ho$ {d{^ÝZ amÁ`m|Ho$ A§VJ©V {XImB© XoVr h¡& Am§Y«n«Xoe, H$Zm©Q>H$ VWm X{jU Ho$ amÁ`m| _| A{YH$ go A{YH$ _mÌm_| X{cV Y_© n[adV©Z H$aVo h¡§& BgmB© Y_© _| A{YH$ _mÌm _| n[adVuV hmo MwHo$ h¢& Bgr n«H$ma~mcm Xw~o Ho$ "_H$mZ-Xa-_H$mZ' _| {H$g³mo Am¡a Ûm[aH$m ^r BgmB© ~Z OmVo h¡§, H$hZo Ho$ {cEdh §Jr `m M_ma Zht aho na `WmW© _| Eogm Zht hmoVm& d| Am{W©H$ cw mdZm go Y_© n[adVuV hmoOmVo h¡§, na CÝho§ AñnVmc _| Zm¡H$ar {_cVr h¡, Vmo PmSy>-nmoN>m cJmZo H$s hr& Hw$N> CnÝ`mgm| _|X{cVm| Ûmam Y_mªVa H$a _wgc_mZ ~ZZo H$m ^r C„oI h¡, qH$Vw BgmB© `m _wgc_mZ ~ZZmX{cVm| H$s gm_m{OH$ g_ñ`m H$m H$moB© R>mog g_mYmZ Zht h¡&

^JdVrMaU d_m© Ho$ " wco {~gao {MÌ' _| J|Xmcmc M_ma h¡ Omo Jwcm_r Ho$ Acmdm

(37)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ñdm{^_mZ H$s ~mV gmoM hr Zht nmVm& dh H$hVm h¡, A§XmocZ H$s{OE ñdamÁ` cr{OE co{H$Zh_ cmoJm| H$mo qOXm ahZo Xr{OE& h_ cmoJ Vmo AmnH$s Jwcm_r Ho$ {cE hr n¡Xm hþE h¢& {Zamcm Ho$CnÝ`mg "Hw$„r ^mQ>' H$m Hw$„r XrZ Am¡a XrZVm ~moY H$m {eH$ma h¡& {JaramO {H$emoa Ho$CnÝ`mg "`Wm n«ñVm{dV' H$m Zm`H$ ~coga Omo EH$ H$m`m©c` _| MVwW© loUr H$_©Mmar h¡& gdUm©oH$s `mVZm Am¡a CËnr‹S>Z H$m {eH$ma hmoVm h¡& Xáa Am¡a gaH$mar ¹$mQ©>a XmoZm| OJh dh gdUm©oH$s AmIm| H$s H$saH$sar ~Zm ahVm h¡& CgH$s H$V©ì`{ZîR>Vm go n«^m{dV hmoH$a ÁdmB©ÝQ>S>màoŠQ>a Ûmam CgHo$ nj _| {ZU© {XE OmZo Ho$ ~mdOyXµ EH$ _m_ycr ŠbH©$ Ûmam ewé {H$E JEn«{VHy$c ZmoQ> H$mo AZw_moXZ {_c OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m {Zc§~Z {H$E OmZo Ho$ n«ñVmd na `Wmn«ñVm{dV {cI XoVm h¡& A_¥Vcmc ZmJa Ho$ CnÝ`mg "ZmÀ`m¡ ~hþV Jmonmc' _| ~«m÷U {ZJw©U_mohZm _ohVa Ho$ gmW n«o_ g§~§Y _o ~§YH$a CgHo$ gmW {ddmh H$a coVr h¡& _ohVam| Ho$ ~rM dh_ohVamZr H$s Vah ahVr h¡& qH$Vw dh _Z go _ohVamZr Zht hmo nmVr&

{Og n«H$ma go h_Zo Cn w©ŠV CnÝ`mgm| Ho$ A§VJ©V X{cV Ed§ CZH$s g_ñ`mAm| H$m{MÌU XoIVo h¢ Cgr n«H$ma qhXr H$s H$B© H$hm{Z`m| _| X{cV Ed§ CZH$s g_ñ`mAm| H$m {MÌUhþAm h¡& Omo {H$ nhco hr H$hm h¡ H$s n«o_M§X qhXr Ho$ n{hco H$WmH$ma h¡ Omo X{cV nmÌm| Ho$ O[aEX{cVm| H$s ì`Wm-H$Wm H$hVo h¡§& CÝhm|Zo `h ì`Wm AnZo H$WmAm| _| ^r {M{ÌV H$s h¡& CZH$s"XwY H$m Xm_', "gm¡ m½` Ho$ H$moSoµ>,' "R>mHw$a H$m Hw±$Am', "gXJVr', "H$‹\$Z' Am{X H$hm{Z`m± `hX{cV {MÌ n«ñVwV H$aVr h¡& AãXwc {~g{_„mh "ImcqIMZodmco' Bg n«H$ma qhXr H$Wm gm{hË`Bg Vah Ho$ n«g§Jm| go âm n‹S>m h¡, {OZ_| X{cV pñÌ`m± gdUm©o H$s A§H$fm{`Zr ~ZVr h¢& Hw$N>Bg Vah H$s H$hm{Z`m± ^r {_cVr h¡& {edn«gmX qgh H$s H$hmZr "l¥§Icm' AcJ-AcJ Om{V Ho$ñÌr-nwéf n«o_ g§~§Y VWm Y_©Jwá H$s "H$,I,J go AmJo' Bg H$hmZr _| N>mÌd¥[Îm H$m Cn`moJ{H$g n«H$ma hmoVm h¡, BgH$m {MÌU {H$`m J`m h¡&

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(38)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AmH¥$îR> {H$`m& BZH$s "{~a_ H$s ~hþ' Bg H$hmZr H$s Zm{`H$m g§VmZmoËn{V _| R>mHw$a {~a_ H$s~hþ EH$ dmë_r{H$ wdH$ Ho$ gmW ghdmg H$aHo$ J ©YmaU H$aVr h¡, qH$Vw ~mX _| Eogm ì`dhmaH$aVr h¡ O¡go Cgo OmZVr nhMmZVr Z hmo& gmW hr CÝhm|Zo AnZr AmË_H$Wm _| ^r X{cVg_ñ`mAm| H$mo COmJa {H$`m h¡&

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(39)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


g§Kf© H$mo ^r A{^ì`pŠV Xr h¡& Bg n«H$ma qhXr H$Wm-gm{hË` _| X{cV A{^ì`pŠV hþB© h¡&dV©_mZ H$mc _| h_ {dH$mg Ho$ Mmhoo {OVZo ^r JwUJmZ JmVo ah|, na Bg VÏ` H$mo ^r

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6.X{cV {d_e© Ho$ {d{dY Am`m_ - draoÝX«qgh `mXd.

(40)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_wpŠVnd© CnÝ`mg H$s g_rjm… X{cV {d_e© Ho$ g§X © _|

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - I-VII

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g_rjm gm{hË` H$m hr EH$ ê$n h¢& Bg{cE Omo _hËd AmO gm{hË` H$m h¡, dhr AmcmoMZm H$m

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XñVmdoO h¡&''1 Bg ~mV H$mo g_OH$a '_wpŠVnd©' CnÝ`mg _| Z¡{_eam` Or Zo X{cV g_mO

(41)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$s _r_m§gm H$s h¡& AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX ^r X{cV g_mO {Og n[adoe _| OrdZ `mnZ H$a ahm h¡

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g_mO na AÝ`m`, AË`mMma hþE h¡& X{cV g_mO H$mo Jwcm_ ~Zm`m J`m Wm& X{cV g_mO Zo

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AmOmXr {_cZo Ho$ ~mX ^r ~Ýgr Ho$ gmW Jwcm_ O¡gm ì`dhma {H$`m OmVm h¡& ~Ýgr EH$ M_ma

(42)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Om{V H$m X{cV nmÌ h¡& {Og na ^maV Xoe _| g{X`m| go AË`mMma hþE h¡& ~§gr Bg ì`dñWm

Ho$ n«{V {dX«moh H$aVo hþE Zdm~ gmh~ H$mo Odm~ XoVm h¡-""OZm~o Acr, h_ Z Jwcm_ Wo, Z

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Jwcm_r H$aZm, CZHo$ ìXmam An_m[ZV hmoZm N>m‹oS>> {X`m& Cgo XoIH$a AÝ` cmoJm| Zo ^r Zdm~m|-

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Bg Xc Xc go {ZH$cZo H$s H$moere H$a aho Wo& do {ejm Ho$ _hËd H$mo g_P MwHo$ Wo&

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n[apñW{V`m± ~Xcr Om gH$Vr h¡& {Og n«H$ma S>m°.~m~mgmho~ A§~o‹S>>H$aOr Zo g§Kf© H$m gm_Zm

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_| n«doe {X`m J`m& ñHy$c _| n«doe {_cZo Ho$ ~mX gwZrV H$mo OmVr`Vm H$m AZw d AmVm h¡&

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hmo? O~ gwZrV Ho$ AÜ`mnH$ H$mo ñHy$c H$m Zm_ _mcw_ hmoVm h¡ Vmo dhr AÜ`mnH$ H$hVo h¡-

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gËVm, g§n{V, {ejm BZ _w»` A{YH$mam| go Xya aIm Wm& n«H¥${V Zo {XE hþE nmZr H$mo ^r X{cVm|

H$m Nw>Zm _Zm Wm& nmZr Ho$ {cE ^r S>m°.A§~o‹S>H$aOr H$mo {dX«moh H$aZm n‹S>m& X{cV g_mO H$s

AcJ ~pñV`m±, AcJ nZ KQ>, AcJ í_emZ y{_ H$s ì`dñWm Wr& Bg ì`dñWm H$m {dX«mohr

(43)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{MÌU Z¡{_eamÒr Zo AnZo CnÝ`mg '_wpŠVnd©' Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {H$`m h¡& X{cV H$mo g_mO Ho$

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g§X^© gyMr …1. ^maVr` gm{hË` Ed§ X{cV MoVZm. (n¥.48) g§nmXH$ - S>m°.YZ§O`

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(44)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Xmohao {eH§$Oo go _wŠV CS>mZ H$s Amoa

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - I-VIII

_rZm ^mCamd Kw_| Zm§XoS>.

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& Cg g_` _hmamï´> _o Á`mo{V~m \w$co, S>m°. ~m~mgmh~ Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ n« md go CRo> ì`mnH$

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{e{jV H$aZo H$m geŠV Am§XmocZ Mcm`m, {Og_| X{cV _{hcmAm| H$s {ejm ^r em{_c Wr

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Omo{V~m \w$co Zo ~hþOZ {ejm Ho$ {cE Ka-~ma N>mo‹S>m Am¡a Bg H$m © Ho$ {cE AnZr nËZr

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~XcZo H$m njYa h¡ & _mZdr` g_mO Ho$ {Z_m©U H$m njYa h¡ & {Og_o a§J, dU©, Om{V, qcJ

`m gm_m{OH$ gËVm Ho$ AmYma na _Zwî`mo Ho$ ~rM oX^md Z hmo `h _mZVm h¡ & qhXr X{cV

AmË_H$Wm H$m coIZ gd©n«W_ gZ² 1982 _| qhXr _| EH$ AkmZ ZmarìXmam ígr_m§VZr

CnXoe Ho$ Zm_ go hþAm h¡ & Bg AmË_H$Wm H$s co{IH$m AkmZ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Bg Am¡a A{YH$

Ü`mZ Zht {X`m J`m, co{H$Z gZ² 1988 _| X{cV qMVH$ S>m°. Y_©dra Zo Bgo nwZ… n«H$m{eV

{H$`m & Bgr na§nam _| H$m¡eë`m ~¡g§Ìr H$s "Xmoham A{êmn' VWm gw{ecm Q>mH$^m¡ao H$s "{eH§$Oo

(45)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$m XX© ' BZ AmË_H$WmAm| H$m AnZm AcJ _hËd h¡ & H$m¡eë`m ~¡g§Ìr H$s AmË_H$Wm H$mo

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g_mZ ~mV `h h¡ {H$ XmoZmo§ ZmJnya joÌ go Vm„ÿH$ aIVr h¡ Am¡a XmoZm| X{cV h¡ VWm XmoZmo§

_{hcm h¡ Am¡a Bg{cE _{hcmAmo §H$m X{cV coIZ H$m {df` O~ ^r Am oJm BZ Xmo AmË_H$WmAm|

H$s MMm© Oéa hmoJr & AV… _{hcmAm| Ho$ X{cV coIZ Ho$ g§X © _| BÝhr Xmo AË_H$WmAm| H$s

MMm© AmJo H$s JB© h¡&

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{H$`m h¡ & ~MnZ go coH$a ~wT>mno VH$ co{IH$m H$mo {g\©$ Am¡a {g\©$ AdhocZm hr {_cr h¡ & Bg

H$maU, CZHo$ _Z _o {dX«moh ^r nZnVm h¡ & na§Vy {ddmh Ho$ níMmV pñWVr A{YH$ J§ ra ~Z

OmVr h¡ & n{V Cƒ {e{jV hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX {nV¥gËVm go n« m{dV hmoVo h¡ & Am¡a AnZr nËZr

Omo H$s Cƒ {e{jV h¡ {ddmh go nhco Omo {d{dY A§mXmocZm| go Oy‹S>r EpŠQ>{dñQ> Wr CÝho Ho$dc

EH$ dñVw g_PVo h¡ VWm CÝho Ka _| n‹S>o> ahZo Ho$ {cE _O~ya H$aVo h¡ & BVZr {ejm nmZo

Ho$ ~mdOyX nËZr H$mo Ka> Ho$ H$m_m§o Ho$ {gdm` H$moB© H$m_ H$aZo Zht XoVo n¡g-n¡goo Ho$ {cE

_mohVmO H$a XoVo h¡ &

co{IH$m Zo AmË_H$Wm _§o ^mJm hþAm `WmW© {cIm h¡ & `h AmË_H$Wm ~MnZ go

coH$a ~w‹T>>mno VH$ H$s `mVZm, Xw…I, nrS>m, emofU Am¡a g§Kf©nyU© AZw dm| H$m XñVmdoO h¡ &

(46)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


BZH$s AmË_H$Wm g_yh H$s A{^ì`pŠV h¡ BgH$maU `h {d{eï> h¡ & co{IH$m OmVrJV

nr‹S>>m ~MnZ go hr ^moJVr h¡ & ñHy$cr OrdZ _| ^r Om[V Ho$ H$Sw>do Oha H$m AZw d do H$aVr h¡

""_¡ Añn¥í` h±ÿ `h ^mdZm _oao _Z go OmVr hr Zht Wr & _wPo ñHy$c _| aIo nmZr Ho$ K‹S>o> go

nmZr {ZH$mcH$a nrZo _| ^r S>a cJVm WmŸ&'' 1 Bgn«H$ma co{IH$m H$mo H$^r-H$^r Om[V

Nw>nmZr ^r nS>Vr PyR> ^r ~mocZm nS>Vm & Jar~r BVZr Wr H$s H$^r H$^r Mmoar ^r H$aZr n‹S>>Vr

& ~mV-~mV na Jmcr {_cVr & na§Vy A§~o‹S>>H$a Ho$ {dMmam| go n« m{dV hmoZo Ho$ H$maU co{IH$m

g§Kf©erc, ñÌr A{YH$ma Ho$ {cE c‹S>>Zodmcr, nwéf dM©ñd H$mo ZH$maZodmcr, OmJéH$ _{hcmAm|

_| A{YH$ma MoVZm OJmZodmcr gw{e{jV n[adV©ZdmXr ñÌr h¡ & `h g~ hmoVo hþE ^r n{V H$s

n«Vm‹S>>Zm CÝho ghZr nS>r na§Vw AÝ`m` Z ghZo Ho$ {cE do n{V go VcmH$ ^r coVr h¡ & ""My§{H$

do ñÌr-_wpŠV H$s BÀN>m go c¡g hmo MyH$s Wr &''2 n{V Ho$ AÝ`m` Ho$ {déÜX I‹S>>r hmoH$a

g§Kf© H$aVr h¡ & ~hmXyar go ~ƒm| H$mo g§ mcVr h¡ & Am§~oS>H$a H$s {dMmaYmam go OyS>Zm Am¡a

X{cV ñÌr g§JR>Z H$m _w{I`m hmoZm ^r, CZH$s MoVZm Ho$ {dH$mg H$m H$maU Wm & Bg MoVZm

go CZ_| AÝ`m` Ho$ {Icm\$ n«{VamoY H$s ^mdZm OmJr Am¡a do nrNo> Zht ahr &

{eH§$Oo H$m XX©, ^r VrZ nr{‹T>>`m| H$s H$Wm h¡, nhcr nrT>r gwercm Or Ho$ ZmZr H$s h¡,

Omo AnZr pñWVr`m| _| {H$gr Vah OrVr ahr & dhm± n«{VH$ma H$m coe ^r Zht h¡ & Xygar nr‹T>>r _m±

H$s h¡, Omo AnZr pñW[V go Ag§Vwï> h¡ VWm gMoV hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ~ƒm| H$mo {e{jV H$aZo Ho$ n«{V

gOJ h¡, Vrgar nr‹T>>r gwercm H$s h¡ Omo {e{jV Am¡a godmaV hmoVo hþE ^r gå_mZnyd©H$ OrdZ

OrZo Ho$ A{YH$ma Ho$ {cE g§Kf©aV h¡& "{eH§$Oo H$m XX© ' Cg {e{jV, gå_m{ZV X{cV

_{hcm H$s JhZ nr‹S>>m h¡, Omo Om{V oX Ho$ X§emo go Am¡a {nV¥gËVm Ho$ H$moS>mo \w$Q> n‹S>>r h¡, "_oam

XX© Cg {e{jV, gå_m{ZV X{cV _{hcm H$m XX© h¡, Omo nr.EM.S>r. n«má H$m°co H$s n«mÜ`m{nH$m

hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r Om{V Ho$ amoOJma Ho$ Zm_ go OmZr OmVr h¡ & _oar AmË_H$Wm _oar godXZm H$m

XñVmdoO h¡ &'3

"{eH§$Oo H$m XX©' `h Zm_ AmË_H$Wm H$mo XoZo Ho$ {nNo> ^r CZH$m `h {dMma H$s Zmar

{H$gr ^r Om{V Y_© H$s hmo, dh H$ï>m| go {Kar hmoVr h¡&4 `h n§pŠV AmË_H$Wm H$m gma ~VmVr h¡

(47)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


& Bg_o g§Vmn h¡ X{cV hmoZo H$m, ñÌr hmoZo H$m, {Og Xoe _o§ §dU© oX, Om{V oX H$s H$cw{fV,

na§namE§± h¡, dhm± X{cV ñÌr emofU H$s ì`Wm Am¡a ^r Jhar hmo OmVr h¡... "{eH§$Oo H$m XX© '

{cIZo H$m CX²Xoí` XX© XoZodmco {eH§$Oo H$mo VmoS>Zo H$m n« mg h¡ & 5 AmË_H$Wm n‹T>>Vo-n‹T>>Vo

`h _hgyg hmoZo cJVm h¡ {H$ ^co hr h_Zo ñdV§ÌVm n«má H$s h¡ qH$Vw h_ A~ ^r Eogo g_mO

H$m EH$ {hñgm h¡ Ohm± Om{VJV oX^md Ed§ Añn¥í`Vm A~ ^r H$m`_ h¡ & co{IH$m EH$ ñÌr

h¡ Cna go X{cV {deofU CZgo OwS>m h¡ Vmo X{cV go g§~§{YV g^r gm_m{OH$ dO©ZmE°§ PocZm

CZH$s {Z`Vr ~Z MwH$s h¡ & An_mZ Cnojm Am¡a ì`dñWm Ho$ n«{V AmH«$moe CZHo$ _Z_| nZnVm

h¡ co{IH$m Ho$ ^mB© ì`dñWm H$m {eH$ma ~ZVo h¡ & CÝho Om{V Ho$ Zm_ na H$m°coO _| gVm`m

OmVm h¡ V~ e§H$a ¡ m na§nam H$mo Vmo‹S>> c‹S>>H$m| go _manrQ> H$aVo h¡& V~ `h g_mO CZHo$

n«{VamoY H$mo Hw$Mc XoVm h¡ Am¡a CÝho amoOJma H$s Vcme _o ^Q>H$Zo Ho$ {cE _O~ya H$a XoVm

h¡ & Eogo AZoH$ n«g§J co{IH$m Zo AmË_H$Wm _| {XE h¡ Ohm± CÝho Om{V Ho$ Zm_ na {df¡co X§e

PocZo nSo> h¡ & Ohm± EH$ {Îmar VH$ X{cVm| go {Î coZm ng§X Zht H$aVm ""~am_Xo go _¡Zo

XoIm Am¡a gwZm, nS>mogZ {Îmar go h_mao Ka H$s Amoa Bemam H$a Ho$ H$h ahr Wr ""_hmamO

Or, Bg Ka H$s {^jm Zht coZm `hm§± O_mXmaZ ahVr h¡&''6

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~moP Cgna S>mc {XE OmVo h¡ & ~MnZ _| CÝho "h±gmo _V, JmAmo _V, ~mocmo _V, ha ~mV H$s

_Zmhr Wr & {H$gr ~mV H$m CëQ>m Odm~, ZH$mamË_H$ `m {damoYr Odm~ Zht XoZm, ZE AZOmZ

cmoJm| go AHo$co _| Zht {_cZm, AHo$co _o H$^r-H$^r {H$gr AZOmZ c‹S>Ho$ `m nwéf go ~mV|

Zht H$aZm, AnZr ZOao h_oem ZrMo aIZm, PwH$H$a McZm, VH©$-{dVH©$ Zht H$aZm Eogr

AZoH$ ~mV| Wr Omo n«{V{XZ Ho$ AmXoe Am¡a Amkm Ho$ én _| AmXV ~Z JB© Wr &'7

gw{ecm Or ~o_oc {ddmh H$s {eH$ma ~Z OmVr h¡ & CZgo ~rg df© ~‹S>o> gw§Xacmc

Q>mH$^m¡ao go {ddmh hmoVm h¡, {Ogo AnZm ^m½` g_PH$a co{IH$m pñdH$maVr h¡ & {ddmh Ho$

níMmV² CÝho n‹T>>m`m {cIm`m OmVm h¡ Vm{H$ Ka IM© H$m ^ma gw{ecm H$mo CR>mZm n‹S>o> & Zm¡H$ar

(48)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$aZo Ho$ ~mdOwX n¡go Ho$ {cE CÝho _mohVmO H$aVo, n{V n_aoída n«o_ Vmo Zht H$aVo na§Vw nËZr

Ho$ gmW An[a{MVm| O¡gm ì`dhma H$aZo go Zht MyH$Vo & Kaocy qhgm co{IH$m Ho$ gmW hmoVr h¡

& "_ma-nrQ>, Jmcr-Jcm¡O, ~mc nH$‹S>>H$a qIMZm, cmVm| go _maZm, JX©Z na _wŠHo$ ~ZmH$a

_maZm, nrR>na Kw§go _maZm g~Hw$N> _¡Zo ghm'8 CÝho AnZm nyam doVZ Ka AmVo hr n{V Ho$ hmW

_| aIZm n‹S>Vm Wm & ~g {H$amE Ho$ n¡go ^r co{IH$m H$mo _m±§JH$a coZo n‹S>>Vo& ~ƒm| H$s Im{Va

gw{ecm Or Am{W©H$, _mZ{gH$, Kaocy qhgm H$mo ghVr ahVr h¡ & na§Vw n{V go AcJ hmoZo H$m

Xw…gmhg CZ_| Zht AmVm h¡ & AmJo McH$a Yrao-Yrao co{IH$m gMoV hmoVr h¡ CZHo$ _Z _| Omo

MoVZm OmJ¥{V hþB© CgH$m H$maU X_Z hr Wm & A{YH$ AÝ`m` hmoZo na H$moB© ^r Bg X_Z Ho$

{Icm\$ n«{VamoY H$aVm hr h¡ & `hr n«{VamoY co{IH$m Zo ^r {H$`m \$cV… AmO do gå_mZnyd©H$

OrdZ Or ahr h¡ &

XmoZm| AmË_H$WmE°§§ X{cV Am¡a ñÌr hmoZo Ho$ XX© Ho$ gmW- gmW McVr h¡ & XmoZmo

co{IH$mE°§§ AnZr CnpñW[V XO© H$aVr h¡ & nm[adm[aH$ gXñ`m| H$s ZmamOJr _moc coVr h¡

Vm{H$ g_mO go AnZr `mVZm H$m gmjmËH$ma H$a gHo$ & n[aUm_V… g_mO ^r AnZo,

A§Va_Z H$m gm_Zm H$aZm grI| & AmË_H$Wm Am|Ho$ _mÜ`_ go X{cV gm{hË` _| XmoZm| X{cV

ñÌr H$s g{H«$` CnpñW[V Am¡a A{^ì`pŠV g§nyU© X{cV g_mO H$s pñÌ`mo Ho$ ApñVËd H$mo

OmZZo g_PZo _o ghm`H$ {gÜX hmoJr &g§X^© …-1) H$m¡eë`m ~¡g§Ìr, "Xmoham A{êmn' n¥.53.2) "AmË_H$WmE° g~Ho$ AnZo-AnZo gmW-a_{ZH$m Jwám (`wÜXaV Am_ AmX_r-OZdar, _mM©.2012)3) {eH§$Oo H$m XX© - gw{ecm Q>mH$^m¡ao - n¥.8.4) dhr, n¥.7.5) dhr, n¥.7.6) dhr, n¥.166.7) dhr, n¥.111.8) dhr, n¥.196emoYN>mÌm

(49)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ñÌrdmXr gm{hË` g_rjm

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - II (I - IX)

(50)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{eH§$Oo H$m XX© _| {M{ÌV X{cV Zmar OrdZ H$s eë`{M{H$Ëgm

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - II-I

S>m°. nr. ìhr. _hmqcJo goR> Eb.`w.Oo. A°ÝS> ga E_.ìhr. H$m°boO

A§Yoar BñQ>, _w§~B©

"Zmar' H$hVo hr h_mao _Z _| Bggo g§~§{YV AZoH$ nañna {damoYr {MÌ h_mao gm_Zo

CnpñWV hmo OmVo h¢ & O¡go - Xodr, epŠV, nËZr, _m±, nwÌr, ZrM, A~cm, Hw$cQ>m, _m`m ,doí`m,

Am{X& Bgr n«H$ma h_ XoIVo h¡§ {H$ h_mao emñÌm| _| Zmar H$mo coH$a ~hþV gmar ~mVo {cIr hþB© h¡

Am¡a Cg na AZoH$ n«{V~§Y ^r cJmE JE h¢ & Zmar H$mo AnZo de _| aIZo Ho$ {cE AmO VH$

nwê$fm| Zo AZoH$ Vah Ho$ hWH§$So> AnZmE h¢ & Bg{cE Cgo emofU Am¡a X_Z H$m {eH$ma ~ZZm

n‹S>m h¡ & `h na§nam ~ZmE§ aIZo Ho$ {cE "_Zwñ_¥{V' H$s npŠV`m± Am¡a am_M[aV_mZg Ho$ Xmoho

gwZmE§ OmVo h¢ & O¡go -

""ñdm§ n«gy{V M[aÌ§ M Hw$c_mË_mZ_|d M ñd§ M &

Y_© n« ËZoZ Om`m§ ajZ² {h aj{V &''1

AWm©V² g~ nwê$fm| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ AnZr pñÌ`m| H$mo ñdV§ÌVm Z Xo, {H$gr n«H$ma {df`m|

_| AgŠV hmoZo na ^r CÝh| AnZo de _| aIZm Mm{hE & Bg{cE dh Hw$_ma AdñWm _| {nVm Ho$

de _| Am¡a emXr Ho$ ~mX _| n{V Ho$ de _| aIr OmVr h¡ & ñÌr ñdV§Ì ahZo Ho$ `mo½` Zht h¡ & Eogo

AZoH$ CXmhaU XoIZo H$mo {_cVo h¢ &

Zmar H$s pñW{V Am¡a Xem H$mo Ü`mZ go XoIZo na nVm McVm h¡ {H$ ""g§{dYmZ Zo

pñÌ`m| H$mo Mmho {H$VZo hr A{YH$ma {XE hm|, do BZH$m nyam Cn`moJ Zht H$a nmVr& CZHo$

d¡Ym{ZH$ A{YH$mam| Am¡a ê${‹T>JV gm_m{OH$ A{YH$mam| _| O_rZ Amg_mZ H$m AÝVa h¡& Ka-

n[adma-[aíVoXmar, Y_© na§nam Ho$ Zm_ na pñÌ`m| H$m Xmàm gr{_V {H$`m OmVm h¡, {Oggo Z Vmo

(51)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


do AnZo ì`pŠVËd H$m nyU© {dH$mg H$a nmVr h¢ Z hr g_mO H$mo AnZm nyam `moJXmZ H$a nmVr

h¢ Am¡a BZ gm_m{OH$ ~mYmAm| H$mo nma H$aZo Ho$ {cE Omo H$mZyZ h¢, CZH$s OmZH$mar VH$

A{YH$m§e pñÌ`m| H$mo Zht h¡& `hm§ VH$ {H$ ehar _{hcmE§ ^r n«m`… BZgo ~oI~a h¢&''2

S>m±. ~m~mgmh~ Am§~oS>H$a Zo EH$ ñWmZ na {cIm h¡ {H$ ñÌr X{cVm| _| ^r X{cV h¡&

Bg AW© _| `h ghr h¡ {H$ {Og n«H$ma X{cVm| Ho$ gmao A{YH$ma N>rZ {cE JE Am¡a CZHo$ {cE

Ho$dc H$V©ì` hr eof aIo JE& R>rH$ Bgr Vah g^r dUm}§ H$s pñÌ`m| Ho$ gmW ^r Bgr n«H$ma

ì`dhma {H$`m OmZo cJm& d¡{XH$ H$mc go coH$a CÝZrgdt eVr VH$ H$m B{Vhmg Bg ~mV H$mo

n«_m{UV H$aVm h¡& n«íZ CR>Vm h¡ {H$ Š`m gdU© ñÌr ^r X{cV ñÌr Ho$ g_mZ hr nr{‹S>V `m

emo{fV h¡? Bg {df` na c§~r MMm© hmo gH$Vr h¡ Bg{cE _¢ Bgna Hw$N> Z H$hVo hþE Ho$dc

X{cV ñÌr Ho$ g§X © _| hr {dMma H$a ahm hÿ±&

X{cV ñÌr Ho$ gm_m{OH$ gÝX^m§} na {dMma H$aVo hþE H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ^maVr`

g_mO _| gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, Z¡{VH$ _mZXÝ‹S>m| Ho$ _Ü` ñÌr H$s pñW{V {ZMco nm`XmZ na

ahr h¡ Ed§ cJ^J An[adV©Zr`& ""{hÝXy g_mO Cg ~hþ _§{Ocm B_maV H$s Vah h¡ {Og_| n«doe

Ho$ XadmOo ~§X h¡& Omo ì`pŠV {Og _§{Oc na OÝ_ coVm h¡, Cgo Cgr _| _aZm n‹S>Vm h¡&''3

ñÌr H$s pñW{V {hÝXy dU© ì`dñWm _| X{cVm| H$s pñW{V go g_H$j h¡& Xygar Amoa X{cV ñÌr

H$s pñW{V Vmo X{cVm| _| ^r X{cV ahr h¡ CÝh| Xmohao {Vhao emofU Ho$ Am{êmn go JwOaZm n‹S>Vm

h¡& CgH$m g§Kf© EH$ Amoa _ZwdmXr ì`dñWm go h¡ Vmo Xygar Amoa {nV¥gËVmË_H$ ì`dñWm go ^r

h¡& X{cV ñÌr na qcJ oX Am¡a Om{V oX XmoZm| H$s dOh go AË`mMma hþE h¡& Bg{cE Bg

AmË_H$Wm _| co{IH$m H$mo XmoZm| pñW{V`m| go JwOaZm n‹S>Vm h¡& n«{gÕ d[aîR> co{IH$m a_{UH$m

Jwám {cIVr h¡ {H$ ""X{cV ñÌr VrZ Vah go emo{fV h¢- X{cV hmoZo Ho$ H$maU, ñÌr hmoZo Ho$

H$maU Am¡a Jar~ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU & O_tXma dJ© X{cV ñÌr na AnZm A{YH$ma g_PVm h¡ & Cgo

dh dñVw _mÌ g_PVm h¡ & h_mar ^mfm hr h_| Jwcm_ ~ZmVr h¡& ^maVr` g_mO _| nËZr AnZo

n{V H$mo "ñdm_r' ~wcmVr h¡& BgH$m _Vc~ dh Xmgr h¡&''4 BZ ~mVm| Ho$ H$maU hr ñÌr H$m emofU

hmoVm ahm h¡ & {eH§$Oo H$m XX© _| co{IH$m gw{ecm Q>mH$^m¡ao Zo {eH§$Oo H$m AW© ~mVmVo hþE {cIm

(52)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h¡ {H$ {eH§$Om `mZr n§Om, {OgH$s OH$‹S>Z _| ahH$a Hw$N> H$a nmZm H${R>Z hmo& {eH§$Om `mZr

H$Q>Kam {Og_| H¡$X hmoH$a CgHo$ {cE ~mha OmZm H${R>Z hmo& eãXH$moe _| {XE AW© Ho$

AZwgma {eH§$Oo H$m AW© X~mZo, H$gZo H$m §Ì h¡ & {eH§$Oo H$m AW© EH$ n«H$ma H$m n«MrZ §Ì

h¡ {Og_| YwZH$Zo Ho$ nhco éB© H$mo H$gm OmVm h¡& {eH§$Oo H$m AW© H$moëhÿ ^r h¡&''5 `h

AmË_H$Wm co{IH$m Ho$ OrdZ H$m XñVmdoO n«ñVwV H$aVr h¡&

co{IH$m H$m OÝ_

{eH§$Oo H$m XX© AmË_H$Wm H$mo Xmo ^mJm| _| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡& nhco ^mJ _| co{IH$m

H$m Jm±d Ohm±§ dh ~MnZ go coH$a ~r.E. VH$ H$s n‹T>mB© H$s h¡& dh Jm±d ~mZmnwam h¡ Bgr Jm±d _|

co{IH$m H$m OÝ_ gZ Owc¡ 1954 hþAm h¡& CgHo$ {nVm a_mn«gmX Kmdar H$m Jm±d Zo_mdma h¡&

~mZmnwam co{IH$m H$m ZZrhmc h¡& ~mZmnwam H$m nwam Zm_ ~ahmZnwam Wm& hmoe§Jm~mX {Oco Ho$

{gdZr _mcdm H$m `h aoëdo ñQo>eZ h¡& `hr ahH$a co{IH$m Zo AnZo ~MnZ Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ IQ²>Qo>

_rRo> AZw dm| H$mo J«hU {H$`m h¡& `hr go CZHo$ _Zna Om±{V-nm±{V Ho$ oX^md Ho$ g§ñH$ma {H$ o

JE h¢& Jm±d H$m Nw>VmNy>V âm _mhmoc, gdUm}§§ H$m §Jr g_mO Ho$ gmW {H$`m OmZodmcm ì`dhma,

Ka H$m Am{W©H$ A^mdm| go JwOaVm hþAm n[adma, ñHy$c _| {ejH$m|, ghnm{R>`m| Ûmam {H$`m

OmZodmcm oX^md, Bgr Jm±d _| co{IH$mZo _hgyg {H$`m h¡&

_mVm-{nVm

gwercm Q>mH$^m¡ao H$s _mVm H$m Zm_ nÝZm~mB© Am¡a {nVm H$m Zm_ a_mn«gmX Kmdar h¡& a_mn«gmX

Kmdar Ho$ Mma ~oQo> Am¡a VrZ ~o{Q>`m± h¡& CZH$m n¡XmB©er AZwH«$_ Bg n«H$ma h¡| 1. H$„ÿam_ 2.

a‚mmo~mB© 3. e§H$acmc 4. B_aVr~mB© 5. gwercm 6. _mohZ 7. H$_c Bg n«H$ma co{IH$m H$m

n¡V¥H$ n[adma ahm h¡& {nVm H$s emXr Ho$ ~mX do AnZm Zo_mdma Jm±d N>mo‹S>H$a co{IH$m Ho$ ZZrhmc

~mZmnwam _| AmH$a ~g OmVo h¢& `hr ahH$a do aoëdo _| Zm¡H$ar H$aVo Wo& CZH$m V~mXcm

_hmamîQ´> Ho$ wgmdc Am¡a ~S>Zoam _| hþAm Wm & do _{hZo _| Xmo-VrZ {XZ Ho$ {cE hr Ka AmVo Wo&

{ejm-Xrjm

{Og Jm±d _| Om{V oX H$m ~moc~mcm hmo dhm± X{cV g_mO Ho$ ~ƒm| H$mo {ejm n«má H$aZm

(53)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


~hþV H$R>rZ H$m © h¡& Eogr pñW{V _| ^r co{IH$m Ho$ _m±-~mn co{IH$m H$mo ñHy$c _| S>mcVo h¡§&

{Og g_mO _| c‹S>H$s Ho$ {cE Ho$dc BVZm gmoMm OmVm h¡ {H$ "~oQ>r H$mo nmc-nmog H$a ~‹S>m

H$amo {\$a emXr H$a Xmo- `hr gm_mÝ` ~mV ahr hmo, Cg g_mO _| co{IH$m Ho$ _mVm-{nVm H$m

{ejm H$mo coH$a OmJéH$ ahZm ~hþV ~‹S>r ~mV h¡& CÝhm| Zo co{IH$m H$mo AmJo VH$ n‹T>m`m h¡&

_Ü`n«Xoe H$s dU©ôXr-Om{VôXr H$s _mZ{gH$Vm Am¡a gm_m{OH$ ì`dhma Ho$ ~rM OÝ_r,

ncr-~‹T>r EH$ ANy>V Om{V H$s c‹S>H$s _| {H$VZm _Zmo~c hmo gH$Vm h¡? ha ~mV Ho$ {cE ~§YZ,

An_mZ, A§Hw$e BZ g~ Ho$ ~rM _| go co{IH$m Zo H¡$go AnZm amñVm ~Zm`m h¡ Cgo Bg

AmË_H$Wm _| A{^ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡& co{IH$m H$s {ejm E_Ì E. ~r. ES>. nrEM. S>r. VH$ hþB© h¡&

AZoH$ g§JmopîR>`m| _| AcoI dmMZ {H$`m h¡& AZoH$ H${dVm g§J«h H$hmZr g§J«h Am¡a g_rjmË_H$

coIZ {H$`m h¡&

c‹S>{H$`m| Ho$ n«{V gm_m{OH$ gmoM

Jm°d _| c‹S>{H$`m| Ho$ ~mao_| cmoJm| H$s gmoM ~hþV hr qZXZr` ahr h¡ & Jm±d _| ~wOwJ©

AŠga `hr H$hVo h¡ {H$ ""c‹S>{H$E°§ Vmo {Ma¡ m h¢, g_` AmVo hr C‹S>H$a naXog Mcr Om |Jr&''

c‹S>{H$E°§ CZH$s ggwamc H$s A_mZV h¢, nmc-nmog Ho$ CÝh| cm¡Q>m X|Jo& ""c‹S>{H$`m° Myëho H$m

cyJ‹S>m h¢& Ohm± H$m cyJ‹S>m dht Oco Vmo AÀN>m h¡&''6 ~mdOyX BgHo$ co{IH$m n‹T>Vr ahr h¡& Ka

_| Hw$N> cmoJm| H$m {damoY hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX ^r co{IH$m Zo {OX H$aHo$ AnZr nT>mB© Omar aIVr h¡&

h_ OmZo h¡ {H$ {hÝXwAm| H$m n{dÌ J«§W _mZo OmZodmco _Zwñ_¥{V _| X{cVm| Am¡a pñÌ`m| Ho$ {cE

{H$VZo gmao n«{V~§Y cJmE J o Wo& BZ g^r ~§YZm| go _wpŠV ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ ~mX ^maVr` g§{dYmZ

Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {_cr h¡& {\$a ^r dU© ì`dñWm H$mo _mZZodmco gZmVZr cmoJm| H$s gmoM AmO ^r

O¡gr H$s d¡gr ~Zr h¡& do AmO ^r ñÌr {ejm, pñÌ`m| Ho$ {dMma CZH$s n«J[V CZH$s g_mO _|

^m{JXmar H$mo C{MV Zht _mZVo h¢& nwê$fm| Ho$ ZOa _| ^r ñÌr EH$ Xmgr Ho$ ê$n _| hr h¡& gmar

Ka-J«hñWr g§^mcH$a nwéfm| H$s godm H$aZm hr CgH$m Y_© _mZm OmVm h¡& Bgr H$maU

c‹S>{H$`m| H$m ñd^md Wmo‹S>m-gm gh_m hþAm ahVm h¡&

ñHy$c _| Xgdt H$s narjm nmg H$aZodmcr n«W_ §Jr c‹S>H$s

(54)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


CZ {XZm| co{IH$m ~mZmnwam, Vhgrc {gdZr _mcdm Am¡a h¡e§Jm~mX {Oco _| §Jr Om{V H$s nhcr

c‹S>H$s Wr {OgZo Xgdt hm`ñHy$c H$s H$jm nmg H$a ½`mahdt hmà goH§$S>ar ñHy$c nmg {H$`m

Wm & {Og g_mO _| c‹S>{H$`m| H$mo n‹T>mZo H$s _ZmB© hmo Cg g_mO H$s c‹S>H$s BVZm nToµ> `h

~hþV Jm¡ad H$s ~mV h¡ & BVZo Jm¡ad H$s ~mV hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX ^r co{IH$m H$m Jm¡ad H$aZo dmc

H$moB© ^r Zht Wm & {H$gr gdU© Ho$ _Z _| ^r `h ~mV H$^r Zht AmB© & Jm±d Ho$ cmoJm| H$s Vmo ~mV

Xya H$s h¡ co{H$Z ñHy$c Ho$ {ejH$m| H$m Vmo H$V©ì` ~ZVm h¡ {H$ Eogo {dÚm{W© m| H$m gå_mZ H$a|

co{H$Z ñHy$c _| ^r co{IH$m H$s {H$gr Zo n«e§gm Zht H$s h¡ & BgHo$ {nNo> Ho$ H$maU h_ g~ OmZo

h¡ {H$ Omo cmoJ X{cVm| H$s Z\$aV H$aVo hmo do cmoJ gå_mZ H¡$go H$a|Jo? co{IH$m H$m Bg Vah

AmJo ~‹T>Zm hr gdUm}§ Ho$ XmoZm| Jmcm| na Wßn‹S> h¡ Vmo do Bgr Wßn‹S> H$mo _cVo ah|Jo &

Om{V-nm{V H$m oX^md

Bg dU©-ì`dñWm na AmYm[aV Om{Vì`dñWm Zo Z {g\©$ OÝ_ go Om{V Ho$ AmYma

na H$m_ {ZpíMV H$a {X`m h¡ ~pëH$ Bgr Zo OÝ_ go VmC_« X{cVm| Ho$ Zgr~ _| Kmoa X[aX«Vm,

wI_ar, AñdÀN>Vm, AÝY{dídmgr ~ZmH$a ANy>V H$s [OÝXJr OrZo Ho$ {cE _O~ya H$a {X`m

h¡ & dmñV{dH$Vm `h h¡ {H$ `h g~ OmZ~yPH$a {Z_m©U {H$`m J`m XwíMH«$ h¡ & `h ì`dñWm

ANy>V Ho$ {cE EH$ emn h¡, BZH$m gm_mO _| H$moB© _yë` Zht h¡ & BZgo Ho$dc emar[aH$ l_

Am¡a g^r {ZH¥$îQ> H$m_ {cE OmVo aho h¢& BZHo$ l_ H$m _ohZVmZm Hw$N> ^r Zht {X`m OmVm h¡

& {eH§$Oo H$m XX© _| ZmZr H$mo ^r ~hþV H$_ _ohZVmZm {X`m OmVm h¡ &

^maVr` g_mO _| "Om{V' EH$ _hËdnyU© KQ>H$ h¡ & "Om{V' n¡Xm hmoVo hr ì`pŠV H$s

{Z`{V V` H$a XoVr h¡& n¡Xm hmoZm ì`pŠV Ho$ Am{YH$ma _| Zht hmoVm h¡& Bg{cE X{cVm| Am¡a

X{cV coIH$m| Ho$ Jco _| "Om{V' Zm_ H$m Omo \§$Xm h¡ dh CÝh| h_oem H$gH$a aIVm h¡ & H$ht

Z H$ht Om{V H$s gwB© m± CÝh| My Vr ahVr h¡, h_oem `h {ZåZ Om{V H$m hmoZo H$m Ahgmg ~Zm

ahVm h¡ Bg{cE CÝh| gwI Am¡a M¡Z H$s gm§g ^r Zht {_cVr &

bo{IH$m H$mo ñHy$c _| Nw>VN>mV go gm_Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& {ejH$m| go gdU© {dÚmWu`m|

go {Za§Va An_m{ZV hmoZm n‹S>m h¡& ñHy$c _| nmZr nrZo Ho$ {cE ^r gdU© ~ƒm| go nmZr _m§JH$a

(55)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


nrZm& `h ~hþV hr H$îQ> Xm`H$ ahm h¡& EH$ KQ>Zm H$m {OH«$ H$aVr hþB© co{IH$m {cIVr h¡ {H$

ñHy$c _| O~ nmZr _m§Jm V~ aOZr AJ«dmc _OmH$ _| H$hVr h¡ {H$ ""h_ Š`m| VwPo nmZr {ncmE?

h_ Š`m Voao Zm¡H$a h¡? Vy IwX AnZo hmW go nmZr nr co&''7 co{IH$m O~ nm±Mdt H$jm _| Wr V~

JmoHw$c n«gmX R>mHw$a JwéOr Zo ñHy$c H$s Imo-Imo H$s Q>r_ OrVr Wr& Cg g_` do {edZr JE Wo

CÝht Ho$ Ka ImZm ^r Im`m Wm& Ioc Hw$X H$s n«{V^m Am¡a H${R>Z n[al_ XoIH$a JwéOr

co{IH$m H$mo ~T>mdm XoVo Wo & {\$a ^r co{IH$m g§H$moM Ho$ H$maU nrNo> ahVr Wr& BgH$m H$maU Wm

cJmVma Cnojm, An_mZ& Om{V oX Ho$ H$maU n«Vm{‹S>V {H$E OmZo H$m ^`& co{IH$m {cIVr h¡

{H$ ""`{X ~MnZ go {Z‹S>aVm {gImB© OmVr `m ha ~mV _| g_VmdmXr ì`dhma nmZo H$s AmXV

S>mcr OmVr `m oX^md -An_mZ Ho$ ~Xco {damoY {dX«moh H$aZo H$s ~mV ~VmB© OmVr, `hr _oam

AMaU ~ZVm _¡ ha An_mZ H$m ~Xcm H$X_-H$X_ na coVr ahVr&''8 X{cV g_mO Ho$ ~ƒm|

H$mo CZHo$ _Z Ho$ AZwgma AmMaU H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma hr Bg ì`dñWmZo Zht {X`m h¡ Bg{cE

X{cV ~ƒm| Ho$ _m°-~mn hr CÝh| gh_ H$a ahZo H$s {ejm XoVo h¢& Š`m|{H$ do AnZo ~ƒm| H$mo

Or{dV aIZo Ho$ {cE gdUm}§ H$m Jwcm_ ~ZH$a ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡&

""Om{V oX-dU© oX H$s ~mV| H$moB© gm_mÝ` ~mV Zht h¢& BgHo$ nrNo> ~hþV ~‹S>m ahñ` h¡, ~hþV

~‹S>m B{Vhmg h¡& `h ^maV Ho$ _yc{Zdm{g`m| Am¡a yao{e`m| Ho$ ~rM g§Kf© H$m n[aUm_ h¡& N>c-

H$nQ> Ho$ gmW, gm_-Xm_-X§S> oX Ho$ gmW `hm± Ho$ _yc{Zdm{g`m| H$mo nam{OV H$aHo$ CÝh|

Cno{jV, emo{fV, nr{‹S>V ~Zm o aIZo H$m B{Vhmg h¡&''

X{cV g_mO na Jm§Yr Ho$ ANy>VmoÕma H$m n« md

h_ XoIVo h¡ {H$ S>m±. ~m~mgmh~ Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ AmÝXmocZ H$mo _. Jm§Yr Ho$ h[aOZ CÕma

AmÝXmocZ Zo AÝ` amÁ`m| _| \¡$cZo Zht {X`m h¡& BgH$m ñnîQ> n«_mU co{IH$m Zo {X`m h¡&

co{IH$m {cIVr h¡ {H$ ""_hmamîQ´> Am¡a _Ü`n«Xoe BVZo ZOXrH$ ahZo Ho$ ~mX ^r, ~m~mgmh~

^r_amd Aå~oS>H$a H$s MoVZm Am¡a D$Om© H$m g§Xoe- §Jr Om{V g_wXm` H$mo Zht {_c gH$m,

O~{H$ nhco ZmJnwa _Ü`n«Xoe Am¡a ~am~a AWm©V² goÝQ´>c n«m{dÝg EÊS> ~ama H$s amOYmZr Wr&

ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ nhco Am¡a ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ ~mX Mcm o J o ~m~mgmh~ Ho$ AmÝXmocZm| H$s OmZH$mar

(56)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Jm§YrOr Ho$ fS²> §Ìm| Ho$ H$maU h_| Zht {_c gH$s Wr& h_ Jm§YrOr Ho$ h[aOZ, Jm§Yr Ho$ hr JwU

JmVo aho Am¡a X`m, ghmZw y{V Ho$ gmW {X o Qw>H$‹S>m| H$mo nmH$a hr YÝ` hmoVo ah|& Eogm Wm h_mam

Cg g_` H$m OrdZ Am¡a X~r Hw$Mcr _mZ{gH$Vm, {Oggo ñdm{^_mZ Am¡a A{^_mZ H$s ~mV

MmhH$a ^r h_ gmoM Zht nmVo Wo&''9

B§{Xam Jm§Yr H$m n« md

OZdar 1966 _| O~ B§{Xam Jm§Yr n«YmZ_§Ìr ~Zr Wr V~ pñÌ`m| H$m ñå_mZ ~‹T>m Wm

_{hcmAm| H$mo cJmVm Wm {H$ A~ CZH$m amO Am`m h¡& co{H$Z nwéf _mZ{gH$Vm Zht ~Xcr Wr&

Bg g§X © _| co{IH$m {cIVr h¡ {H$ CZHo$ Ka _| co{IH$m Ho$ ^mB© CZH$s ^m^r H$mo H$hVo Wo {H$

""Am¡a n¡a H$s OyVr h¡, n¡am| _| hr ahoJr&'' AmJo {cIVr h¡ {H$ EH$ Am¡aV Xoe H$s n«YmZ_§Ìr ~Z

JB©, BgH$m _Vc~ `h Zht h¡ {H$ Ka H$s Am¡aV Am¡aV O¡gr Zht ahoJr?''10 Bg n«H$ma h_

XoIVo h¢ {H$ Mmho X{cV g_mO Ho$ nwéf hmo `m gdU© g_mO Ho$, ñÌr Ho$ {cE Xmoham ñWmZ hr

ahm h¡& X{cV ñÌr Ho$ {cE Vmo g_mO Zo ~war Vah go Hw$Mcm hþAm {XImB© XoVm h¡&

gm_m{OH$ pñW{V …-

g_mO _| X{cVm| H$m ñWmZ {ZåZ hr ahm h¡ & g_mO _o {hÝXy cmoJ naånamJV

dU©ì`dñWm H$mo AmO ^r _mZVo h¡§ & AmO ^r Om{V-nm{V Ho$ oX^md H$mo _mZm OmVm h¡ &

co{IH$m Ho$ Jm±d _| CZHo$ Ka {hÝXy _hmOZm| H$s ~ñVr go Xya, H$ƒo Ina¡c Ho$ Ka aho h¡ & Jm±d

_| dU© oX Om{V oX H$s gmar ~wamB© m± ahr h¡& ZmZr H$m Ka ^r Jm±d-Jm§°d go Xya X{jU-npíM_

{Xem Wm& co{IH$m H$s ZmZr Jm±d H$s g\$mB© H$m H$m_ H$aVo Wo & Jm±d _| ~m_Z ~{Z`m| H$m hr

dM©ñd Wm& co{IH$m Ho$ Om{V Ho$ cmoJ S>ao gh_| emo{fV nr{‹S>V OrdZ OrVo Wo& BZHo$ cmoJ gdU©

{hÝXwAm| Ho$ {cE Añn¥í` -ANy>V Wo& ñHy$c _| ^r gdU© ~ƒm| H$mo g~go AmJo {~R>m`m OmVm Wm

Am¡a X{cVm| Ho$ ~ƒm| H$mo g~go nrNo> ~¡R>H$a {ejm J«hU H$aZr nS>Vr Wr& nmZr nrZo Ho$ {cE

{H$gr gdU© c‹S>H$m-c‹S>H$s `m Mnamgr go _m§JH$a nrZm n‹S>Vm Wm& BgH$m AZw d ^r co{IH$m

Zo AnZr ghnm{R>`m| OmZ h¡& Jm±d _| Vmo Om{V oX H$m gm_Zm H$aZm hr n‹S>>m h¡ co{H$Z O~ dh

emXr H$aHo$ ZmJnwa AmVr h¡ Am¡a CÝh| {H$amE na Ka H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡ V~ ZmJnwa O¡go

(57)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


eha _| ^r BZH$s Om{V H$mo OmZZo Ho$ ~mX {H$am o na Ka Zht {X`m OmVm h¡& co{IH$m H$s

n‹S>mogr co{IH$m H$mo BVZr n‹T>r-{cIr n«mÜ`m{nH$m hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX ^r "PmSy>dmcr' hr g_PVr

h¡& H$m°coO H$s n«mÜ`{nH$mE°§ ^r co{IH$m Ho$ Ka AmZoHo$ ~mX CZ Ho$ Ka H$m ImZm Zht ImVr h¡&

H$m°coO H$m AÝ` gdU© ñQ>m±\$ OmZ ~yPH$a co{IH$m H$mo naoemZ H$aVm h¡&

Ym{_©H$ H$_©H$m§‹S> Am¡a A§Y{dídmg

Jm±§d _| Ym{_©H$ AmS>å~am| Ho$ n«{V cmoJm| _| Jhar AmñWm Wr& cmoJ Y_© Ho$ Zeo _| Sy>~H$a

_Xhmoe ahVo h¡§& Y_©H$WmAm| Am¡a gmYw-g§Vm| Ho$ n«dMZm| H$m cmoJm| na Jham n« md Wm& BÝht Ho$

n« md Ho$ H$maU co{IH$m H$m n[adma {hÝXwAm| Ho$ Ë`moha _ZmVm ahm h¡& gmW hr CZHo$ n«dMZm|

H$mo ^r gwZVm ahm h¡& {hÝXwAm| H$s Vah CZHo$ g_mO Ho$ cmoJ ^r nyOm _| {dídmg aIVo h¢& CÝh|

cJVm h¡ {H$ nyOm H$aZo go Xodr XodVm Ho$ H$mon go ~Mm Om gH$Vm h¡& CZHo$ Xodr XodVm {hÝXwAm|

Ho$ Xodr XodVm Zht ~pëH$ nra ~m~m, ^rcQ>Xod ~m~m, {dO`goZ Xodr `m Eogo hr Hw$N> ^JdmZ aho

h¡ {OZH$s nyOm H$aZo Ho$ VarHo$ AcJ-AcJ aho h¡§& BZH$s nyOm _| _wJm© `m AÝ` {H$gr new H$s

~cr MT>mB© OmVr ahr h¡& OmoJdm _m§JH$a _crXm M‹T>mZo H$s n«Wm ahr h¡& Bg n«H$ma h_ XoIVo h¡§

{H$ §Jr g_mO Ho$ cmoJ AÝY{dídmg Am¡a Y_© Ho$ MŠH$a _| n‹So> hþE ZOa AmVo h¢& Xoe H$mo

AmOmXr {_cH$a ~rg gmc hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r §Jr g_mO Ho$ cmoJ Jwcm_ hr aho& do AmO ^r

AÝY{dídmg go ~mha Zht AmE h¡& BZ cmoJm| H$mo n«J{V H$s amh go Omo‹S>Zo H$m H$m_ Z Vmo gdUm}§

Zo {H$`m Z {H$gr Xoe Ho$ gËVm Ho$ _m{cH$ ZoVmAm| Zo {H$`m& do g~ Bg g_mO H$mo Jw_amh H$aVo

aho Am¡a BZ na emgZ H$aVo aho h¢&

Am{W©H$ pñW{V H$m {MÌU

co{IH$m H$m Ho$ n[adma H$mo {Za§Va Am{W©H$ g_ñ`mAm| H$m gm_Zm H$aZm n‹S>m h¡&

co{IH$m H$mo yIo ahZo Ho$ AZw dm| go ~hþV ~ma JwOaZm n‹S>m h¡& CZHo$ Ka H$s pñW{V ~hþV

Iam~ ahr h¡& Ka _| Johÿ± Zht, AmQ>m Zht, Xmc-gãOr Zht, Mmdc H$m XmZm Zht& én o Zht

hmoVo Wo V~ gw~h go em_ VH$ g^r H$mo yIm ahZm n‹S>Vm Wm& ñHy$c H$s {ejm _| ^r `hr n‹T>m`m

OmVm ahm h¡ {H$ ""XwI Ho$ ~mX gwI {_cVm h¡ Bg{cE g§Vmof aImo''11 g§Vmof aIZo H$m CnXoe

(58)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


F${f_w{Z`m| Zo X{cV cmoJm| H$mo hr {X`m h¡& ~«m÷UdmXr gm{hË` Zo X{cVm| H$mo B©ídadmXr,

^m½`dmXr, OÝ_dmXr, H$_©dmXr ~Zm`m h¡& Bg{cE gm_mÝ` cmoJ BgHo$ {déÕ gmoM ^r Zht

gH$Vo h¢& co{IH$m Zo BZ ~mVm| H$mo XoIm h¡ {H$ YZ gånÝZ cmoJm| Ho$ nmg g~ Hw$N> hmoZo Ho$ ~mX

^r CÝh| g§Vmof Zht Wm emofU, AÝ`m` Am¡a «îQ>mMma go CZH$m H$mcm YZ ~‹T>Vm hr OmVm h¡

Am¡a ANy>V X{cV B_mZXmar go _ohZV H$aHo$ ^r XmZo-XmZo H$m VagZo cJVo h¡§&

{ejm Ho$ n«{V Anma n«o_

co{IH$m H$mo AnZr H$m°coO H$s {ejm nyar H$aZo _| AZoH$ g_ñ`mAm| H$m g_Zm H$aZm

n‹S>m h¡& Jm±d _| X{cV g_mO H$s nhcr c‹S>H$s H$m°coO OmZodmcr Eogr c‹S>H$s Ho$ _mVm-{nVm H$mo

`h qMVm gVmZo cJVr h¡ {H$ AJa {H$gr c‹S>Ho$ Zo No>‹S>ImZr H$s `m CgHo$ B‚mV na hmW S>mcm

Vmo do H$ht Ho$ Zht ah|Jo& Bgr S>a go co{IH$m Ho$ _m±-~mn co{IH$m H$m H$m±coO ~§X H$aZm MmhVo

h¡§& co{IH$m H$mo g_PmVo hþE H$hm§ OmVm h¡ {H$ ""~oQ>r Jm±d _| H$B© JwÊSo> ~X_me h¢& añVm McVr

cS>{H$`m| H$m amñVm amoH$ coVo h¢& H$m^r H$moB© ~X_me YŠH$m Xo Xo `m hmW nH$‹S> co Vmo B‚mV

Mcr OmVr h¡&''12 Bg Vah go S>aZo dmco _m±-~mn H$mo co{IH$m {dídmg Ho$ gmW H$hVr h¡ {H$

""_oao gmW Eogm Hw$N> Zht hmoJm& _¢ H$m±coO OmD§$Jr& H$m±coO Zht oOmoJo Vmo _a OmD§$Jr, ImZm

Zht ImD§$Jr, nmZr Zht nrD§$Jr, Hw$N> H$m_ Zht H$ê±$Jr, Ka H$m g~ gm_mZ Vmo‹S> \$mo‹S>

S>mc°y§Jr&''13 Bg n«H$ma H$s {OX Ho$ H$maU co{IH$m H$s AmJo H$s n‹T>mB© Omar ahr Am¡a CÝhm|Zo

~r. E. Q>r. dm`. H$s narjm Xr&

AZ_oc {ddmh

co{IH$m H$m gwÝXacmc Q>mH$^m¡ao Ho$ gmW AZ_oc {ddmh hþAm Wm & gwÝXacmc

Q>mH$^m¡ao H$m OÝ_ 1936 H$m Wm Am¡a co{IH$m H$m 1954 H$m Wm& XmoZm| _| ~rg gmc H$m

AÝVa Wm& Agc _| h_mao g_mO _| c‹S>H$s go nm±M-Xg gmc ~‹So> c‹S>Ho$ go {ddmh H$aZm

Am_ ~mV h¡ co{H$Z ~rg gmc ~‹So> ì`pŠV go emXr hmoZo go co{IH$m H$mo CZHo$ n{V,n{V O¡go

Zht cJVo Wo ~pëH$ EH$ n«H$ma H$s ghmZw y{V Wr Omo ~‹So> ì`pŠV Ho$ n«{V hmoVr h¡& Bg n«H$ma

emXr Ho$ ~mX gw{ecm am_n«gmX Kmd§ar go gw{ecm gwÝXacmc Q>mH$^m¡ao ~ZH$a do 07 _mM©

(59)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


1974 H$mo ZmJnwa Am OmVo h¢&

Bg n«H$ma Ho$ AZ_oc {ddmh H$mo {hÝXy Y_© _| AZ_oc Zht _mZm OmVm ~pëH$ Bgo ^m½` Ho$ gmW

Omo‹S> {X`m OmVm h¡& ""{hÝXy Y_© J«§W _Zwñ_¥{V _| {ZX©oe h¡, c‹S>H$s H$s C_« go VrZ JwZm ~‹S>r C_«

Ho$ da go {ddmh {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡& `{X c‹S>H$s Xg gmc H$s hmo Vmo Vrg gmc Ho$ da go {ddmh

hmo gH$Vm h¡& {hÝXy Y_© Bgo AZ_oc {ddmh Zht H$hVm, ~pëH$ Bgo n«moËgmhZ XoVm h¡& cmoJ Y_©

Ho$ Zm_ na AŠga Mwn ah OmVo h¢& pñÌ`m± `h gÝVmn MwnMmn ^moJVr h¢& ~MnZ go {Z~©c-

A~cm Ho$ gm§Mo _| T>mcr JB© H$_Omoa _mZ{gH$Vm Ho$ H$maU do Bg AÝ`m` H$m {damoY Zht H$a

nmVt& _¢ ^r Bgr Vah H$_Omoa Wr& ''14

Kaocy qhgm H$s {eH$ma

co{IH$m emXr H$aHo$ ZmJnwa _| AmZo Ho$ ~mX ggwamc _| {H$g n«H$ma ~hÿ Ho$ gmW ì`dhma {H$`m

OmVm ahm h¡, Bgo AnZr AmË_H$Wm _| ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡& _Vc~ gmg Am¡a ZZÝX Ûmam EH$ Vah

H$m N>c {H$`m OmZm, CZHo$ VmZo _maZm Bgr Ho$ gmW n{V Ho$ Ûmam _ma-nrQ> {H$`m OmZm,

N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r ~mVm| na Jwñgm H$aZm, {H$gr n«H$ma H$s B‚mV Z {_cZm, n{V H$s n«Vm‹S>Zm Am_

~mV ahr h¡& EH$ KQ>Zm ~VmVo hþE co{IH$m {cIVr h¡ {H$ ""EH$ {XZ Q>mH$^m¡ao Or ñHy$c go em_

H$mo Am o V~ _¢ {H$MZ _| ZrMo ~¡R>H$a O_©Z H$s N>moQ>r Wmcr _| amoQ>r gãOr Im ahr Wr& nVm Zht

{H$g ~mV na _m± Am¡a ~hZ go BZH$s P§PQ> ewé hþB©, grYo _oao nmg AmH$a _oar Wmcr H$mo

R>moH$a _mar& Wmcr Xya {Jar& gãOr amoQ>r ZrMo {~Ia JB©& _¢ MwnMmn XoIVr ah JB©&''15 Bg

n«H$ma H$moB© ImZm ImVo g_` {H$gr H$s Wmcr H$mo H$mB© H¡$go cmV _ma gH$Vm h¡? `h co{IH$m

Zo AnZo OrdZ _| nhcr ~ma AZw d {H$`m Wm& Š`m n{V Ho$ gm_Zo nËZr H$s H$moB© B‚mV Zht

h¡? ggwamc _| ~hÿ H$s pñW{V BVZh ZJÝ` hmoVr h¡& ñÌr H$s pñW{V BVZr nXX{cV ahVr h¡?

ñÌr BVZr nr‹S>m BVZm An_mZ Š`m| ghVr h¡? Cgo Eogm Š`m| ~Zm`m J`m h¡? g_mO _| nËZr

na Vah-Vah Ho$ AË`mMma H$aZm Am_ ~mV _mZr OmVr h¡& Eogo AZoH$ n«íZ co{IH$m Ho$ _Z _|

CâVo aho h¡§& co{IH$m H$mo n{V Š`m h¡? gwI Š`m h¡? An_mZ Š`m h¡? BZ g~ H$m H$moB©

_Vc~ Zht Wm&

(60)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Zm¡H$ar

1975 _| co{IH$m H$mo _mV¥godm g§K hmñnrQ>c _| crZZ H$sna H$s Zm¡H$ar ^r H$aZr

n‹S>r CZ {XZm| co{IH$m H$mo 150 é {_cVo Wo& ~r. E. ~r. ES>. c‹S>H$s H$mo Bg Vah H$s Zm¡H$ar

H$aZr n‹S>r BgHo$ {nNo> Ho$ H$maU ~VmZo H$s OéaV Zht h¡ Š`m|{H$ `hm± ^r dhr hmc Wo Omo Jm±d

_| Wo& `hm° CZHo$ gmW ZZÝX Am¡a CgHo$ ~ƒo ^r ahVo Wo {OgHo$ H$maU IM© Á`mXm Wm Am¡a

CËnÝZ H$_ hmoZo go Hw$N> Z Hw$N> H$m_ H$aHo$ Ka _| n¡go cmZm Oéar Wm&

1976 _| AmXe© kmZ n«H$me {ejU g§ñWm _| {e{jH$m H$s Zm¡H$ar {_c OmVr h¡& Bg

Zm¡H$ar go OrdZ _| Wmo‹S>m n[adV©Z Am OmVm h¡& ñHy$c _| n‹To> {cIo cmoJm| Ho$ gmW ahH$a n«H$me

hmB©ñHy$c Ho$ gr{Zà cmoJm| H$s ~mV| gwZH$a co{IH$m amOZr{V, g_mO Y_© H$s ~mVm|§ H$mo AÀN>r

Vah go g_PZo cJVr h¡& 1978 _| CZH$m ~oQ>m eaX n¡Xm hmoZo go CZHo$ _mWo H$m ~m§PnZ H$m

H$c§H$ ^r {_Q> OmVm h¡& XmoZm| ^r n{V-nËZr {ejH$ hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX ^r BÝh| Ka H$s g_ñ`m

H$m gm_Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg{cE co{IH$m {cIVr h¡ {H$ ""{H$gr Xoe Am¡a g_mO H$s pñW{V

H$m _yë`_mnZ H$ht Am{W©H$ pñW{V go hmoVm h¢, H$ht amOZr{VH$ pñW{V go& H$hr Z¡{VH$ _yë`m|

Ho$ AmYma na hmoVm h¡, H$hr {ejm go& _Ja h_mao Xoe _| A^r VH$ ì`pŠV Am¡a g_mO H$m

_yë`m§H$Z Om{V Ho$ AmYma na hr hmoVm ahm h¡& `h XoIH$a ~hþV A\$gmog hmoVm h¡& {e{jV,

Am¡a g_PXma cmoJ ^r BZ ~mVm| H$mo Zht g_P nmVo h¢, Zmg_P cmoJm| H$s Vmo ~mV hr AcJ

h¡&''16

1986 _| goR> Ho$gar_c nmoadmc H$m°coO H$m_R>r _| {hÝXr {df` H$s OJh ~Zr hþB©

Wr& Bgr OJh na {Z wpŠV hmo OmVr h¡& n«mÜ`m{nH$m ~ZZo Ho$ ~mX ^r AZoH$ g_ñ`mAm| go

JwOaVo hþE co{IH$m Zo AnZm _mJ©H«$_Z {H$`m h¡& H$m°coO H$s Zm¡H$ar, Ka Am¡a ~ƒm| H$s nadare

CZH$m cmcZ nmcZ Q>çyeZ gwajm `h g~ XoIVo-XoIVo CÝhm| Zo AnZr nrEM. S>rµ H$s n‹T>mB©

nyar H$s& co{IH$m Am{W©H$ emofU Am¡a Kaocy qhgm H$s {eH$ma ahr h¡ CZHo$ gmW H$s KQ>Zm Ho$

~mao _| {cIVr h¡ {H$ ""_|ao gmW Ka _| _manrQ>- Jmcr-Jcm¡O g~ Hw$N> hþAm& ~mc nH$‹S>H$a

qIMZm, cmVm| go _maZm, JX©Z na _wŠHo$ ~ZmH$a _maZm nrR> na Ky°go _maZm _¢Zo g~ Hw$N> ghm&

(61)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


~|V Ho$ {ZemZ H$B© {XZm| VH$ _oao eara na ahVo W§o& _ma ImZo Ho$ ~mX _oar hmcV `h hmoVr Wr

- K§Q>mo {ga MH$amVm, O¡go _¢ hdm _| CS> ahr hÿ°, O_rZ go {\$gc ahr h§°y, ~Soµ> ~‹So> nËWa _oar

Va\$ cw‹T>H$Vo Am aho h¡& O¡go ^mJVm hþAm hmWr AMmZH$ _oao {ga na n¡a aIH$a _wPo Hw$Mc

ahm h¡&''17 Eogr AZoH$ Vah H$s qhgm co{IH$m Ho$ gmW hþB© h¡&

gm_m{OH$ H$m`©H$Vu

co{IH$m Zo AnZo g_mO H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {cE {Za§Va n« ËZerc ahr h¡& CZH$mo AnZo hr

g_mO go {damoY H$m gm_Zm H$aZm n‹S>m h¡& ~mdOyX BgHo$ co{IH$m AmJo ~‹T>Vr ahr h¡& AZoH$

g§ñWmAmo go Ow‹S>H$a co{IH$m H$m_ H$a ahr h¡& AmJo ~‹T>H$a g_mO Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {cE H$m ©

H$aVr ahr h¡& "X{cV _{hcm AmÝXmocZ' Ho$ Ûmam _hmamîQ´> _| ~hþV H$m_ hþAm h¡& Bggo Ow‹S>H$a

H$m_ {H$`m h¡& AZoH$ gå_ocZm| _| ^mJ coH$a AmcoI n«ñVwV H$aHo$ AnZo {dMmam| H$mo g_mO Ho$

gm_Zo aIZo H$m n« mg {H$`m h¡& Xoe-{dXoe H$s `mÌm H$aHo$ X{cVm| H$s g_ñ`m H$mo g_mO Ho$

gm_Zo aIZo H$m n« mg co{IH$m Zo {H$`m h¡& EH$ ~ma lrc§H$m H$s amOYmZr H$moc§~mo _| gm{hË`

gå_ocZ H$m Am`moOZ "^maVr` gm§ñH¥${VH$ H|$X«' lrc§H$m H$s AÜ`j S>m°. ZJ_m _{cH$ Zo

{H$`m Wm& Bg gå_ocZ Ho$ AÜ`j aËZmH$a nm§So> Wo& gÌ H$m {df` Wm "{hÝXr gm{hË` H$s Xem

Am¡a {Xem' Bg_| co{IH$m Zo {hÝXr gm{hË` _| X{cV gm{hË`H$mam| H$m n[aM` {X`m Wm& Bgo

gwZH$a AÜ`j aËZmH$a nm§So> Zo H«$mo{YV hmoH$a H$hm Wm "" o gmco X{cV gm{hË`dmco cmoJ

AnZr-AnZr XwH$mZ cJmH$a ~¡R> JE h¢& BÝhmoZ| h_mao VwcgrXg H$mo Am¡a h_mao ^JdmZ am_

H$mo ~XZm_ H$a {X`m h¡& o g~ AnZo-AnZo ñdmW© _| cJo hþE h¢&''18 gdU© g_mO H$mo h_Zo

XoIm h¡ {H$ ewéAmVr Xm¡a _| CZH$m X{cV gm{hË` H$s Amoa XoIZo H$m ZO[a`m Hw$N> R>rH$ Zht

Wm& do X{cV gm{hË` H$mo gm{hË` _mZZo Ho$ nj _| Zht Wo & Bg{cE do X{cV gm{hË` H$mo K¥Um

H$s ZOa go hr XoIVo Wo& Bg n«H$ma co{IH$mZo AZoH$ H$îQ>mo, XwIm| Am¡a AZoH$ Vah H$s

g_ñ`mAm| H$m gm_Zm H$aHo$ AnZo OrdZ H$mo AmJo ~T>m`m h¡& AZoH$ gm_m{OH$, amOZ¡{VH$

Am¡a e¡{jH$ g§ñWmAm| go Ow‹S>H$a AnZo g_mO H$mo Cna CR>mZo Ho$ {cE dh {Za§Va n« ËZerc

ahr h¡&

(62)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


co{IH$m na amOZr{V H$m n« md

co{IH$m O~ ñHy$c _| Zm¡H$ar H$aZo cJVr h¡ V~ gh`moJr {ejH$m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go

CZH$s MMm©Am| go amOZr{V H$mo g_PZo cJVr h¡& 1986 VH$ AmV§-AmVo co{IH$m H$s AmñWm

H$m°J«og nmQ>u go Ow‹S> OmVr h¡& BgHo$ ~mX Yrao-Yrao co{IH$m H$s AmñWm X{cV n¢Wa Am¡a

g_Vm g¡{ZH$ Xc Ho$ gmW Ow‹S> OmVr h¡& AmJo McH$a S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ n«{V AmñWm

{Z_m©U hþB©& co{IH$m XoIVr h¡ {H$ ZmJnwa _| [anpãcH$Z nmQ>u _| ~hþV gmao cmoJ Zrco a§J H$s Q>monr

nhZH$a Am¡a Zrco P|‹So> coH$a cmoJ H$m ©H«$_m| _| AmVo Wo CÝh| XoIH$a co{IH$m Ho$ _Z _| Zrco

a§J Ho$ PoSo> Ho$ n«{V Am¡a S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ n«{V AmñWm ~‹T> OmVr h¡& co{IH$m H$mo ^co

hr A{YH$ amO¡Z¡{VH$ H$m ©H«$_m| _| OmZo H$m Adga Zht {_cm hmo na gm_m{OH$ OZOmJ¥{V

gm{hpË`H$ H$m ©H«$_m| _| OmH$a AnZo {dMmam| H$mo g_mO Ho$ gm_Zo aIZo H$m n« mg {H$`m h¡&

gdUm}§ H$s J§Xr amOZr{V H$mo co{IH$m COmJa H$aVr h¡ {H$ {hÝXwAm|Zo 6 {Xg§~a 1992 H$mo

~m~mar _p‚mX Ho$ T>m±Mo H$mo {Jam`m& CÝhm|Zo `hr {XZ Š`m| MwZm? Š`m|{H$ CÝh| S>m±. ~m~mgmho~

Aå~oS>H$a H$m _hËd H$_ H$aZm Wm Š`m|{H$ 6 {Xg§~a 1965 H$mo S>m±. ~m~mgmho~ Aå~oS>H$a

H$m _hmn[a{Zdm©U hþAm Wm& Bg {XZ cmIm| {H$ g§»`m _| ~m¡Õ AZw m`r _w§~B© AmH$a CÝh|

lÕm§O{c An©U H$aVo h¢& {hÝXwAm|Zo `h gmoMH$a hr EH$ Amoa _wpñc_ Am¡a Xygar Am¡a

Am~oS>H$adm{X`m| H$mo {ZemZm ~ZmZo Ho$ {cE Bg VmarI H$m MwZmd {H$`m Wm& X{cV g_mO H$mo

{hÝXwAm| Ho$ eS²> §Ìm| H$mo g_PH$a AmÝXmocZ H$aZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡&

co{IH$m na Am§~oS>H$ar {dMmaYmam H$m n« md

ZmJnwa eha _| ahZo go co{IH$m S>m±. ~m~mgmh~ Aå~oS>H$a Ho$ AmZw m`r Ûmam CZH$s

14 E{n«c H$mo O §Vr _ZmVo hþE XoIVr ahr h¡& ~m~mgmh~ {OÝXm~mX Ho$ Zmao H$mo gwZVr h¡,

~m~mgmh~ {dO`r hmo, ~m~mgmh~ A_a aho O¡go Zmam| H$mo gwZH$a am|_m{MV hmo CR>Vr h¡& {Xg§~a

Ho$ {XZ Am§~oS>H$a H$m _hmn[a{Zdm©U hþAm Wm BgHo$ n«{V cmoJm| Ho$ _Z H$m ^md XoIVr h¡ CZH$s

AmñWm H$mo _hgyg H$aVr h¡& ZmJnwa H$s Xrjm y{_ na S>m°. ~m~mgmh~ Am§~oS>H$a Zo {hÝXy Y_©

H$mo Ë`mJ H$a ~m¡Õ Y_© H$s Xrjm cr Wr& `hm± na Am§~oS>H$a AZw m`r`m| Ho$ ^mfU gwZVr ahr h¡&

(63)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo AnZmH$a _hmamîQ´> Am¡a CËVa n«Xoe Ho$ Hw$N> X{cVm| Zo AnZo OrdZ

_| gwYmaZm H$s h¡& `h co{IH$m ~hþV JhamB© go _hgyg H$aVr h¡& `hr go co{IH$m na S>m°.

Am§~oS>H$a H$m n« md O_Zo cJVm h¡& Bgr H$aU dh AnZo §Jr g_mO H$mo Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ {dMmam|

H$mo AnZmZo Ho$ {cE {Za§Va n« ËZerc ahr h¡& AmO ^r §Jr g_mO Ho$ cmoJ nyar Vah go

Am§~oS>H$a H$s {dMmaYmam go Zht Ow‹S>o h¡ Ÿ& Omo ^r §Jr g_mO Ho$ cmoJ Am§~oS>H$a Ho$ _reZ go

Ow‹S>o h¡ dh Ho$dc AnZo amZ¡{VH$ \$m`Xo Ho$ {cE hr Ow‹S>o h¡§&

gm_m{OH$ H$m © H$aVo g_` EH$ ~ma S>m°. {d_cH$s{V© go oQ> hmo OmVr h¡ CZ {XZm|

{d_cH$s{V© Aå~oS>H$a {dMmaYmam ZmJnwa {dÚmnrR> _| n«mÜ`mnH$ Wo& BÝht Ho$ H$maU co{IH$mZo

Am§~o‹S>H$a {dMmaYmam H$mo g_Pm Am¡a AnZm`m h¡& CZ {XZm| A{Ic^maVr` \w$co-Aå~oS>H$admXr

gm{hË`H$ma gå_ocZ Am`mo{OV {H$`m J`m Wm {Og_| CËVa ^maV Am¡a _hmamîQ´> Ho$ AZoH$

X{cV g_mO Ho$ ZoVm, _mJ©©XeH$ {dMmaH$ Am o hþE Wo CZgo {_cH$a, CZHo$ {dMma OmZH$a

co{IH$m H$mo ~hþV n«oaUm {_cr h¡& Bg n«H$ma co{IH$m g_mO n[adV©Z Ho$ joÌ _| Aå~oS>H$admXr

{dMmaYmam go Ow‹S> JB©, Bgr AmYma na coIZ Am¡a gm_m{OH$ OmJ¥{V Ho$ H$m © H$aZo cJr h¡&

Bgr Ho$ gmW _hmamîQ´> Ho$ AZoH$ X{cV gm{hË`H$mam|, Aå~oS>H$a AmÝXmocZm| Ho$ H$m ©H$Vm©Amo§-

ZoVmAm| go {_cH$a {dMma-{d_e© hmoVm ahm h¡& X{cV AmÝXmocZ Am¡a X{cV gm{hË` coIZ go

Ow‹S>Zo Ho$ H$maU hr co{IH$m H$s nhMmZ ~Zr h¡&

Bg Vah go BZ X{cV coIH$m| Zo Omo AnZo OrdZ _| ^moJm {Og Vah H$m OrdZ {O`m

_hgyg {H$`m Omo OrdZmZw dm| go JwOao h¢, CgH$s nr‹S>m {Za§Va grZo _| eyc Ho$ g_mZ Mw Vr

ahr h¡ Cg Mw Z go _wpŠV nmZo Ho$ {cE CZH$m _Z A{^ì`pŠV Ho$ {cE amo CR>m, n[aUm_ ñdén

BZ X{cV coIH$m| Zo gd©n«W_ AmË_d¥ËV {cIZo H$m n«`mg {H$`m h¡& Bg{cE `h CZHo$

dmñV{dH$ OrdZ H$s XmñVmZ h¡& Omo OrdZ CÝhm|Zo ^moJm h¡ Cgr nr‹S>m Ho$ X§e H$mo g_mO Ho$

gm_Zo aIZo H$m n« mg {H$`m h¡& Bg AmË_H$Wm H$s AZoH$ nhcwAm| Ûmam {M{H$Ëgm H$s Om

gH$Vr h¡ & _¡Zo AnZr {g_mAm| _| hr Bgo g_PZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s h¡ &

(64)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1

gmR>moÎmar qhXr AmbmoMZm Ho$ {d{dY àdmhg§X ©1. Anojm -AŠVy~a - {Xg§~a 2013 n¥îR> 462. dhr. n¥îR> 473. ^maVr` X{cV gm{hË` … n[an«oú` g§nm. nwÝZr qgh n¥. 4964 Anojm -AŠVy~a - {Xg§~a 2013 n¥îR> 955. {eH§$Oo H$m XX© - gw{ecm Q>mH$^m¡ao - _ZmoJV go6. {eH§$Oo H$m XX© - gw{ecm Q>mH$^m¡ao - 177. dht. n¥. 458. dht n¥. 789. dht n¥. 7910. dhr. n¥. 9011. dht. n¥. 10812. dht n¥. 12113. dht n¥. 12114. dht. n¥. 13415. dht. n¥. 14316. dht n¥. 17017. dht. n¥. 19618. dht. n¥. 285

19. Anojm -Oyc¡-{gV§~a 2003 n¥. 159-160

(65)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_§Owb JV H$m H$hmZr g§J«h 'Jwb_moha Ho$ JwÀN>o' H$m órdmXrÑ{ï> go _yë`m§H$Z

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - II-II

n«m.S>m°._§Jc g§J«m_ßnm H$ßnrHo$ao_hmamîQ´> CX`{Jar _hm{dX²`mc` CXJra {O.cmVya

{díd H$s cJ^J g^r g§ñH¥${V`m| _| ñÌr H$m ñWmZ Xygao XO} H$m hr ahm h¡&

nwéfì`dñWm nwéf Ho$ {cE cm^Xm`r ahr h¡& ñÌr na g{X`m| go OmZo-AZOmZo AÝ`m`-

AË`mMma hmoVm ahm h¡& {OgHo$ H$maU AZoH$ eVmpãX`m| go Zmar nr{‹S>>V ahr h¡& AmYw{ZH$ H$mc

_| ñÌr H$s nr‹S>>m Am¡a AÝ`m` H$mo Xya H$aZo Ho$ {cE VWm ñÌr CËWmZ Ho$ {cE AZoH$ gwYmadmXr

Am§XmocZ McmE JE& g_mO gwYmaH$m| Ho$ n« mg go pñÌ`m| Ho$ {cE {ejm Ho$ XadmOo Iwc JEŸ&

Bggo ñÌr {e{jV hmoZo cJr OrdZ Ho$ n«{V Z`m X¥pîQ>H$moU Am¡a ñdm{^_mZ CâZo cJm& 1946

_| g§ wŠV amîQ´>g§K Ho$ _mZdm{YH$ma KmofUm nÌ _| pñÌ`m| Ho$ A{YH$mam| H$mo aoIm§{H$V {H$`m J`m

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ñVa na _{hcm coIZ ewé hþAm& Bg_| AZw y{V H$s `WmW© A{^ì`pŠV hmoZo cJr& {ejm,

gm{hË`, amOZr{V, g_mOH$ë`mU, H$mZyZ, {M{H$Ëgm, nÌH$m[aVm Am{X g^r joÌm| _| _{hcmAm|

Zo {deof n«J{V H$s& Bgr Ho$ n[aUm_ ñdén ^maVr` ñÌr _| ZB© MoVZm Am¡a AnZo ì`pŠVËd

{dH$mg Ho$ ~mao _| gVH©$Vm AmB©& 1975 H$m df© A§VaamîQ´>r` _{hcm df© Kmo{fV {H$`m J`m&

Bggo g§nyU© {díd _| _{hcmAm| _| OmJ¥{V {Z_m©U hþB©& ñÌr ñd-ApñVËd Ho$ n«{V gMoV hmoZo cJr

Cg_| _wpŠV H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hþB©& ñÌr _wpŠV Am§XmocZ _| ì`pŠV ñdV§ÌVm Am¡a Ý`m` H$mo

_hËdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& S>m°.n« m IoVmZ Bg g§~§Y _| H$hVr h¡-""ñÌr Z Jwcm_ ahZm MmhVr h¡ Z hr

nwéf H$mo Jwcm_ ~ZmZm MmhVr h¡& ñÌr MmhVr h¡ _mZdr` A{YH$ma&'' `h Am§XmocZ ñÌr H$mo EH$

ì`pŠV én _| n«{VîR>m XoZo Ho$ {cE n« ËZerc ahm h¡& ñÌr H$s pñW{V, ñÌr g§~§Yr YmaUmE± Am¡a

{dMmam| Ho$ n[aUm_ ñdén ñÌrdmXr AdYmaUm ñnîQ> hþB© h¡&

(66)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ñÌrdmX nwéfm| Ho$ {damoY _| g§Kf© Z hmoH$a g^r ñVam| na ñÌr H$mo Omo H${ZîR> ñWmZ

{X`m OmVm h¡ Cgo g_má H$a nwéfm| Ho$ g_mZ ñWmZ n«má H$aHo$ AnZo ApñVËd H$s AcJ

nhMmZ {Z_m©U H$aZm h¡& ñÌrdmXr {dMmaYmam d¡km{ZH$ X¥pîQ>H$moU AnZmH$a na§namAm| H$m

_yë`m§H$Z H$aVr h¡, ñÌr H$s Jwcm_r na§nam H$m {dícofU H$aVr h¡, ñÌr H$mo Ho$dc ñÌr Ho$ én _|

XoIZm MmhVr h¡& gm{hË` _| ñÌrdmX EH$ _mZdr` X¥pîQ> h¡ Omo ñÌr Am¡a nwéf Ho$ oX {_Q>mH$a

XmoZm| _| n«{VîR>m H$s g_mZVm cmZo H$s ~mV H$aVm h¡&

AmO ñÌrdmXr qMVZ, ñÌr _wpŠV Am§XmocZ, ñÌrdmXr gm{hË` {dMma n«_wI én go

CâH$a gm_Zo Am`| h¢& ñÌrdmXr gm{hË` qMVZ H$m n«^md ñÌrdmXr gm{hË` H$s X¥pîQ> Ho$

{dH$mg _| hþAm& gm{hË` H$s g_rjm ^r ñÌrdmXr qMVZ H$mo H|$X« _| aIH$a H$s OmZo cJr h¡&

ñÌrdmXr gm{hË` Ho$ g§~§Y _| S>m°.{dX² m {MQ>H$mo H$m H$hZm h¡-""ñÌr Zo ñÌr H$s Am±Im| go XoIm,

AnZo n[adoe, n[apñW{V, ì`pŠV go n« m{dV AZwHy$c OrdZmZw d H$mo gË`mZw d H$mo ^moJo

gwI-XwI H$mo eãX~ÜX {H$`m, Cgo ñÌrdmXr coIZ go A{^{hV {H$`m OmZo cJm h¡&'' ñÌrdmXr

gm{hË` Ho$ H|$X« _| ñÌr hmoVr h¡ Bg_| AZw y{V H$s n«m_m{UH$Vm A{YH$ h¡& ñÌr _Z H$s Hw§$R>m

Am¡a KyQ>Z, ñÌr na hmoZodmcm AÝ`m` AË`mMma Am{X H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZm Bg gm{hË` H$s

{deofVm h¡& S>m°.gr.dg§Vm Ho$ AZwgma-""nwéfn«YmZ g§ñH¥${V go {d_wŠV hmoH$a Za go nr{‹S>>V

Zmar H$m AmH«$moe, g§Kf©, ì`Wm, g§doXZm, Am¡aV Ho$ n«{V hmoZodmco An_mZ Ho$ n«{V AmH«$moe

AnZo hH$ Ho$ {cE c‹S>>Zm Am{X {df`m| H$m {MÌU H$aZm g_ñ`mAm| H$mo CR>mZm Am¡a g_mYmZ

n«ñVwV H$aZm ñÌrdmXr gm{hË` h¡&'' Bggo `h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ñÌrÛmam {Z{_©V gm{hË`,

{Og_| ñÌr {d{eîQ> AZw d, ñÌr g§ñH¥${V, ñÌr^mfm, nwéfn«YmZ ì`dñWm, {df_ gm_m{OH$Vm

Am¡a CgH$s H$m ©nÜX{V H$m nXm©\$me H$aZm VWm Z o g_mO H$m ñdén ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE ñÌr

H$s _mZdr én _| ñWmnZm H$aZm Am{X ~mVo {Og gm{hË` _| hmoVr h¡ dh gm{hË` ñÌrdmXr

gm{hË` H$hcmVm h¡&

ñÌrdmXr gm{hË` {g\©$ EH$ g§H$ënZm Z hmoH$a EH$ g_rjm ^r h¡& "ñÌrdmXr gm{hË`

g_rjm' g_rjm H$m Z`m Am¡a AcJ n«H$ma h¡& Bg g_rjm _| ñÌr gm{hË` H$m ñdén, gm{hË`

(67)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{Z_m©U H$s n«oaUm, ñÌr g§ñH¥${V, ñÌr ^mfm Am{X H$m ñÌr H$s X¥pîQ> go {ddoMZ, _yë`m§H$Z {H$`m

OmVm h¡& ñÌrdmXr gm{hË` g_rjm Ho$ _mZ {ZpíMV {H$E OmZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡& Bg g§~§Y _|

EcZ em°dmëQ>a Zo ñÌrdmXr g_rjm H$m Omo n«mén n«ñVwV {H$`m h¡ Cgo AmYma ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm

h¡& n«Ë oH$ _Zwî` qcJYmaH$ eara (ñÌr `m nwéf) Ho$ gmW OÝ_ coVm h¢ qcJ Ho$ AnZo O¡{dH$

JwU hmoVo h¡&-Bg X¥pîQ> go qcJ EH$ O¡{dH$ AdYmaUm hmoVr h¡§& g_mO _| ñÌr Am¡a nwéf Ho$

AmMma Ho$ g§~§Y _| Hw$N> {Z`_ hmoVo h¡& CgH$m nmcZ H$aVo hþE ñÌrËd Ed§ nwéfËd {dH${gV

hmoVm h¡& `h JwU O¡{dH$ Z hmoH$a g§ñH$m[aV JwU h¡ {Ogo qcJ Y_© H$hm OmVm h¡& qcJg§~§Yr

AdYmaUm-EH$ O¡{dH$ Amoa Xygar gm_m{OH$ hmoVr h¡& ñÌrdmXr gm{hË` g_rjm _| BZ gmar

~mVm| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a gm{hË` H$s g_rjm H$aZr hmoVr h¡& gm{hË` H$m AÜ``Z H$aVo g_`

{ZåZ{c{IV ~mVm| H$mo H|$X« _| aIm OmVm h¡&

1) nwéfn«YmZ g§ñH¥${V go n« m{dV gm{hË` …

{díd H$m A{YH$m§e gm{hË` nwéfn«YmZ g§ñH¥${V go n« m{dV gm{hË` h¡& Bg gm{hË`

_| ñÌrËd Am¡a nwéfËd g§~§Yr AcJ-AcJ g§H$ënZm gm{hË` _| {Z_m©U H$s JB© h¡& AdYmaUm

O¡{dH$ Z hmoH$a gm_m{OH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ h¡& ñÌrdmXr g_rjH$ BZ _mÝ`VmAm| H$m I§S>Z

H$aVo h¢

2) nwéf n«YmZ g§ñH¥${V Am¡a _yë` ì`dñWm {damoYr gm{hË`…

Bg_| nwéf Am¡a ñÌr XmoZm| aMZmH$mam| Ho$ gm{hË` H$m g_mdoe hmoVm h¡& nwéfn«YmZ

ì`dñWm Am¡a dV©_mZ _| Zmar na hmoZodmco AÝ`m` H$mo ñnîQ> {H$`m OmVm h¡& `h nwéf X¥pîQ> Z

hmoH$a _mZdr` AWdm ñÌr X¥pîQ> hmoVr h¡& Bg n«H$ma H$m gm{hË` qhXr _| ~hþV H$_ {cIm J`m h¡&

3) ñÌr {d{eîQ> gm{hË` …

ñÌr H$mo ñÌr hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo {d{eîQ> AZw dm| (_m{gH$ Y_©, J ©YmaUm, {eewOÝ_) go

JwOaZm hmoVm h¡& `h AZw d Ho$dc ñÌr Ho$ hmoVo h¢& Bg H$s A{^ì`pŠV Ho$dc ñÌr hr H$a

gH$Vr h¢& AZw^dm| H$s n«m_m{UH$Vm Bg n«H$ma H$s aMZm H$m g~go ~‹S>m _yë` h¡& EcZ

em°dmëQ>a Zo Bg n«H$ma H$s gm{hË` g_rjm H$mo "Jm`Zmo{H«$Q>r{gÁ_' H$hm h¡ {Ogo h_ "ñÌr{ZîQ>'

(68)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


g_rjm `m OZZ g_rjm H$h gH$Vo h¡§& ñÌr eara Am¡a ñÌr _Z Ho$ {d{eîQ> AZw d hmoVo h¢& Bg

AZw d H$s AnZr EH$ AcJ ^mfm ^r hmoVr ho& ñÌr eara, ñÌr _Z, ñÌr g§ñH¥${V Am¡a ñÌr

^mfm H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZm hr ñÌr{ZîQ> g_rjm h¡& Bg n«H$ma H$s g_rjm ñÌr {d{eîQ> g_rjm hmoVr

h¡ Omo {g\©$ ñÌr aMZmH$ma hr H$a gH$Vr h¡&

ñÌrdmX H$s X¥pîQ> go _§Owc ^JV H$m "Jwc_moha Ho$ JwÀNo>' H$hmZr g§J«h _hËdnyU© h¡&

`h H$hmZr g§J«h ^maVr` kmZnrR> go n«H$m{eV hþAm h¡& BgH$m nhcm g§ñH$aU 1974 _|

{ZH$cm h¢& Bg_| Hw$c ½`mah H$hm{Z`m± h¡, A{YH$m§e H$hm{Z`m| H$m H|$X«r` nmÌ ñÌr hr ahr h¡&

CZH$s H$hm{Z`m| _| ñÌr _Z H$s A§Vì ©Wm A§{H$V hþB© h¡& ñÌr Ho$ {d{dY énm| H$m {MÌU _§Owc

^JV Zo AnZr H$hm{Z`m| _| {H$`m h¡&

"ImoO' H$hmZr H$s Zr{c_m {e{jV, H$m_H$mOr {ddm{hVm h¡& Ka Am¡a Zm¡H$ar H$s

AmnmYmnr _| ^r dh AnZo ^rVa Ho$ "_¢' H$s ImoO H$aVr h¡& dh gmoMVr h¡.... ""{_goO d_m©,

Zr{c_m, Zrcy o g~ AcJ-AcJ ZmQ>H$ _| {H$E J o amoc h¡& CgHo$ A§Xa H$m Omo... _¢ h¡

CgH$m amoc Š`m h¡?'' Zr{c_m Ho$ ì`pŠVËd H$m n«_wI nj "Apñ_Vm H$s ImoO' h¡& Zr{c_m O~

_m± ~ZVr h¡ V~ Cgo nyU©Vm H$m Am^mg hmoVm h¡& "ñd' H$s ImoO _| ~oM¡Z ahZodmcr "_mV¥Ëd' H$mo

hr _¢ g_PH$a g§VwîQ> hmoVr h¡&

"ag{n« m' H$hmZr H$m H|$X«r` nmÌ ~y‹T>>r gmgy _m± h¡ Omo gmoch df© H$s Am w _| {dYdm

hþB© h¡& OrZo H$m g~go AcJ Am¡a Z`m VarH$m Bg ñÌrZo Ty±>T> {c`m h¡& ~hþAm| Ho$ gmW dh ñd §

CVZrhr N>moQ>r ~ZH$a CZH$m l¥§Jma H$aVr h¡& ~hþAm| Ho$ OrdZ H$m "ag' CgHo$ OrdZ H$m

AmYma h¡ dh Bgr ag H$s {n« m h¡& "ha ZB© XwëhZ Ho$ gmW _m± Or H$m ~IV {\$a-{\$a cm¡Q>

AmVm&'' nmoVo Zo A_[aH$Z cS>H$s go emXr H$a cr Wr& _m± H$mo ZB© XwëhZ Ho$ én Am¡a qgJma

go H$moB© ag Z {_cZo go _m± Zrag hmo OmVr h¡, ag Ho$ {~Zm Or{dV Zht ah nmVr& ~hþAm| Ho$

OrdZ _| dh hr ag nmVr h¡& EH$ AZmoIm {dYdm-ñÌr H$m `h M[aÌ h¡&

"Zmcm`H$ ~hy' {Z…g§VmZ ñÌr H$hr ì`Wm-H$Wm h¡& H$m{_Zr n{V eoIa H$s Zm¡H$ar

Ny>Q>Zo Ho$ ~mX IwX Zm¡H$ar H$aVr h¡Ÿ& Ka, n{V Am¡a gmg H$m nyam Ü`mZ aIVr h¡& H$m{_Zr H$m

(69)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


n{V "{nVm' ~ZZo _| Aj_ h¡& g§VmZ H$s H$_r H$mo nyU© H$aZo H$m AmXe© VarH$m dh AnZmVr h¡&

AZmWmc` H$m ~ƒm JmoX coH$a AZmW ~ƒo H$mo Ka, _m±-~mn, gwajm, {ejm Am{X XoH$a CgH$s

qOXJr g§dmaZo H$m AX² yV H$m © H$aVr h¡& Xoda Ho$ ~ƒo H$mo JmoX Z coVo hþE AZmW H$mo ñdrH$maZo

H$m `h {ZU© AmXe© h¡ na§Vw gmg H$s X¥pîQ> go H$m{_Zr "Zmcm`H$ ~hÿ' h¡& H$m{_Zr nwamZr

_mÝ`VmAm| na n«hma H$aVr h¡& g_ñ`m H$m g_mYmZ Ty§>T>H$a n[adma H$mo nyU© Am¡a gwIr ~ZmVr

h¡& CgH$m M[aÌ geŠV Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ h¡& dh AmË_~c go wŠV ñdm{^_mZr Am¡a n[anyU©

ì`pŠVËd dmcr gj_ Zmar h¡&

"EH$ PwH$m hþAm AmX_r' H$hmZr H$m Am_ AmX_r AW© H$s H$_r Ho$ H$maU AnZr

nËZr H$mo T§>J go Zht aI nmVm& emXr Ho$ AmR> gmc ~mX dh _m± ~ZZodmcr h¡& Iwer _| dh Hw$N>

gm_J«r OwQ>mVm h¡& N>h _mh _| n¡go g_má hmoVo h¡& nËZr OZac dmS©> _| EH$ _¥V Am¡a AnyU© ~ƒo

H$mo OÝ_ XoVr h¡& nËZr H$mo OrdZ H$m gm_mÝ` gwI VWm {M{H$Ëgm H$s gw{dYm ^r n«má Zht

hmoVr& {dde OrdZ OrZo dmcr ñÌr H$m {MÌU co{IH$m Zo {H$`m h¡&

"nmdamoQ>r Am¡a H$Q>coQ>' H$hmZr H$s _o_gm~ A_rar H$s PyR>r emZ _| OrZodmcr ñÌr h¡&

Xygao H$s _O~yar, Jar~r Am¡a ñdm{^_mZ go Cgo H$moB© gamoH$ma Zht h¡& nona ~oMZodmco c‹S>Ho$

H$mo dh g_P Zht nmVr& {Zhm`V ~ZmdQ>r qOXJr OrZodmcr ñÌr h¡& AmYw{ZH$Vm Ho$ _moh _|

n‹S>>H$a ghOVm, AnZmnZ, X`m, __Vm `m _mZdr`Vm Am{X _yë`m| H$mo dh yc MwH$s h¡&

"ZmJnme' H$hmZr H$s {edmZr n{V H$s n«Vm‹S>Zm Am¡a Agä` AmMaU go ÌñV hmoH$a

ñd § hr J ©nmV H$m {ZU© coVr h¡& J ©nmV _| hr ~ƒo H$s Am¡a AnZr _wpŠV XoIVr h¡& AmZo dmco

{eey Ho$ H$ë`mU Am¡a gwajm H$m ^` Cgo gVmVm h¡& n{V Ho$ gmW H$s q‹OXJr Xw…I H$m XcXc

h¡ {Og_| AmX_r Y§gVm hr OmVm h¡ ""....Cgo OÝ_ go nhco hr Cg ZmJnme go _wŠV H$a {X`m

{Oggo dh ñd § OH$‹S>>r hþB© Wr'' Bg{cE dh J ©nmV H$adm coVr h¡& H$moB© ^r ñÌr ghO _|

AnZr g§VmZ g_má Zht H$aVr& CgH$m `h {ZU© é{‹T>> Am¡a na§nam H$mo Vm‹S>>Zodmcm h¡& CgH$m

{ZU© {dX«mohr ì`pŠVËd H$mo Xem©Vm h¡&

"~rdr Am¡a ~m±Xr' _mc{H$Z _rZmjr Am¡a Kaocy Zm¡H$amZr M§nm Bg H$hmZr Ho$ nmÌ h¢&

(70)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_rZmjr g_¥ÜX n[adma H$s h¡ CgH$m ahZ-ghZ AmYw{ZH$ Am¡a IMucm h¡& M§nm Ho$ _Z _|

_mc{H$Z O¡go ~ZZo H$s, gOZo g§daZo H$s BÀN>m CâZo cJVr h¡& {ZåZ dJ© h_oem Cƒ dJ© H$s

ZH$c H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡& M§nm EH$ {XZ {H$gr gmh~Zw_m AmX_r Ho$ gmW ^mJ OmVr

h¡& _rZmjr AmYw{ZH$ h¡ {\$a ^r AnZo Koao Ho$ ^rVa ahVr h¡& M§nm n[apñW{V go {dX«moh H$aVr h¡

co{H$Z "AnZr nhMmZ' Zht ~Zm nmVr& n[adoe Am¡a dJ©JV AmYma Ho$ AZwgma ha ì`pŠV H$s

g_ñ`m Am¡a `mVZm AcJ hmoVr h¡& {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ dJu` YaVr na I‹S>r BZ Xmo pñÌ`m| H$s

pñW{V`m± AcJ-AcJ h¡ {OZgo CZHo$ M[aÌ ^r AcJ-AcJ {XImB© XoVo h¡&

"{Zem' {Zem H$m n[adma nm±M ~hZm| H$m h¡ Cgo ^mB© Zht Wm& {Zem Mm¡Wr ~oQ>r h¡&

n[adma H$s gmar {Oå_oXmar CR>mVr h¡& Cƒ{e{jV Am¡a AmË_{Z ©a h¡& {Zem ~oQ>r hmoH$a ^r ~oQo>

H$m H$V©ì` {Z^mVr h¡& A{YH$ma Am¡a gå_mZ hm{gc H$aVr h¡& ñÌr hmoZo go {Zem H$s H$V©ì`ny{V©

_| Am¡a n«J{V _| H$moB© \$H©$ Zhto Am`m& {Zem H$m M[aÌ EH$ H«$m§{VH$mar n[adV©ZdmXr M[aÌ h¡ Omo

AnZo H$m © Am¡a AmË_~c Ho$ AmYma na ñÌr H$mo n«{VîR>m H$s g_mZVm {XcmVm h¡& dV©_mZ wJ

H$s ñÌrdmXr _mÝ`VmAm| Ho$ AZwén BgH$m {Z_m©U hþAm h¡&

"emXr H$s gmc{Jah' H$mX§~ar Am¡a eem§H$ H$m n«o_{ddmh hþAm h¡& na§Vw emXr Ho$ ~mX

^mdZm, n«o_ Am{X H$m Ádma CVa MwH$m Wm& H$mX§~ar A^r ^r Cgr n«H$ma Ho$ n«o_ H$s Anojm

H$aVr h¡& emXr H$s gmc{Jah Ho$ {XZ dh AnZm n«o_ âm AVrV `mX H$a ^mdwH$ Am¡a CÎmo{OV

hmoVr h¡& eem§H$ ImZo H$m ñdmX co ahm h¡ Am¡a ~mX _| H$s_Vr hrao Ho$ B`[a¨J |Q> H$aVm h¡&

H$s_Vr Vmo\$m nmH$a ^r H$mX§~ar Iwe Zht h¡& n{V H$m ^mdeyÝ` hmoZm Am¡a gmc{Jah H$s

Am¡nMm[aH$Vm {Z^mZm Cgo amg Zht AmVm& H$s_Vr hrao go A{YH$ H$s_Vr Cgo Jwcm~ H$s Z_©

n§Iw{S>`m± cJVr h¡ Omo H$^r eem§H$ Zo Cgo Xr Wr& AmYw{ZH$ `wJ _| n«o_ Am¡a ^mdZm H$s

Ah{_`V H$_ hmoVr Om ahr h¡& n{V Ho$ n«o_eyÝ` ì`dhma go XwIr h¡&

"Jwc_moha Ho$ JwÀNo>' H$hmZr H$s ñÌr na§namdmXr Am¡a n{V Ho$ ha AË`mMma H$mo

Im_moer go ghZ H$aZodmcr h¡& {H$gr ^r pñW{V _| n{V H$m n«{VamoY dh Zht H$aVr& co{IH$m

H$m H$WZ h¡-""em`X `hr n«H¥${V H$m {Z`_, g_mO H$m g§VwcZ h¡ {H$ ha Om|H$ n«d¥{Îm Zmar H$mo

(71)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Eogm nwéf {_c OmVm h¡, {Ogo OrdZ â XoI^mc H$s OéaV hmoVr h¡&''

"Xygam ß`ma ({dYdm H$m l¥§Jma)' EH$ hr ì`pŠV H$s _¥Ë y go _Yw[a_m Am¡a em_r XmoZm|

{dYdm hþB© h¡& _Yw[a_m H${nc H$s nËZr Wr Am¡a em_r n«o{_H$m& {\$a ^r em_r {dYdm H$s Vah

ahZo cJVr h¡& g_` Ho$ gmW _Yw[a_m H$m Xw…I H$_ hmoVm J`m Am¡a ~mX _| dh Xygam {ddmh

H$aVr h¡& em_r H${nc H$mo ycm Zht nmVr Am¡a AnZm Xw…I Iwcm n«H$Q> ^r Zht H$a nmVr&

_Yw[a_m dV©_mZ _| Z`m OrdZ ñdrH$maVr h¡& em_r H$m AVrV hr dV©_mZ ~Z OmVm h¡& gwhmJZ

~Zo {~Zm dh {dYdm ~Z JB© Wr& _Yw[a_m `WmW©dmXr nmÌ h¡ O~{H$ em_r AmXe©dmXr h¡& XmoZm| ^r

AnZo ì`pŠVËd H$s ajm H$aVo hþE AnZr BÀN>mZwgma OrVr h¡&

Bg n«H$ma _§Owc ^JV H$s H$hm{Z`m| _| g_gm_m{`H$ g_ñ`mAm| H$m A§H$Z hþAm h¡&

H$hmZr _| ñÌr Ho$ {d{^ÝZ énm| H$m {MÌU {H$`m J`m h¡& H$hm{Z`m| _| {M{ÌV ñÌr Z¡{VH$ _yë`m|

_| {dídmg aIVr h¡& _yë`mo§ H$s AdhocZm Zht hþB© h¡& ñÌr g§doXZmAm| H$m Hw$ec {MÌU {H$`m

J`m h¡& H$hm{Z`m| H$s pñÌ`m± AnZo ApñVËd H$r ImoO H$aVo hþE g_ñ`m H$m g_mYmZ Ty§>T>Vr h¡&

ñd H$s ajm H$aVo hþE gm_m{OH$ _yë`m| H$m {Zdm©h ^r H$aVr h¡&

g§X © …1) Jwc_moha Ho$ JwÀNo>-_§Owc ^JV2) qhXr gm{hË` H$m AmYm B{Vhmg-S>m°.gw_Z amOo

(72)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


21 dt gXr H$s {hÝXr H${dVm _| A{^ì`ŠV ñÌr-{d_e©

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - II-III

21 dt gXr H$s O~ h_ MMm© H$aZo cJVo h¡ Vmo AcJ-AcJ n«H$ma H$s n«d¥pËV`m±

h_mao gå_wI n«ñVwV hmoVr h¢ & EH$ Amoa Z o-Z o A{dîH$ma Vmo Xygar Amoa Z gwcPZodmcr

g_ñ`mE± & EH$ Va\$ JO~ H$s gw{dYmE§ h¡ Vmo Xygar Va\$ J‹O~ H$m A^md h¡& 21 dt gXr

H$m _mhm¡c ^co hr 20 dt gXr go {ZH$cm hmo co{H$Z ~hþV Hw$N> Z`m Am`m& H${dVm Ho$ joÌ

_| ^r ZB© n«d¥pËV`m± gm_Zo Am`r& ñÌr-{d_e© Omo CËVa AmYw{ZH$Vm H$s EH$ n«d¥pËV h¡, 21 dt

gXr _| Z o én _| h_mao gm_Zo AmVm h¡&

d¡go ñÌr-{d_e© H$m n«ma§ JÚ go nyd© nÚ _| hþAm h¡& ~hþV nhco H${dVm Ho$ _mÜ`_

go n«íZ nwN>m J`m -

""Xo{d`m|, Š`m nVZ AnZm XoIH$a

ZoÌ go Am±gy {ZH$cVo h¢ Zht Ÿ?''

dmë_r{H$ go coH$a AmO VH$ H$s H${dVm ñÌr Ho$ A{YH$mam| Ho$ {cE g§Kf© H$aVr ahr h¡& d¡go

{d_em©Ë_H$ ñÌr-coIZ 19 dt gXr Ho$ n«ma§ go hr Mcm Am ahm h¡& {H$ÝVw Cg_| Omo

n[adV©Z AmVm J`m dh gamhZr` h¡& n«ma§ _| ñÌr-{d_e© nwéf {damoYr Wm co{H$Z AmO nwéf

{damoYr _mZ{gH$Vm _| n[adV©Z Am`m h¡& CgHo$ ~mX 20 dt gXr H$s ñÌr-{d_e© g§~§Yr

H${dVmAm| _| H${dVm Ho$ {df` nwéf Z hmoH$a gm_m{OH$ é{‹T>`m± aht & {nV¥gËVmË_H$

gm_m{OH$ ì`dñWm _| _wpŠV H$s AmH$m§jm H$mo H$d{`{Ì`m| Zo AnZm {df` ~Zm`m Omo {H$

gamhZr` n« mg h¡&

AmO 21 dt gXr H$s H$d{`{Ì`m§ n«{VamoY Ho$ ñdam| H$mo OJmZo H$m Xm{`Ëd {Z^m ahr

h¡& dV©_mZ Zd-gm_«mÁ`dmXr ~m‹OmadmXr ì`dñWm Am¡a CgHo$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ h_co Ho$ {déÜX

S>m°.dfm© ghXod

{dO`qgh H$m°boO, noR-dS>Jm§d>

(73)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_wpŠV H$s EH$ ZB© cha Bg H${dVm _| h¡& AmO ~m‹OmadmX _| ñÌr H$mo nwZíM EH$ dñVw _|

VãXrc {H$`m Om ahm h¡& Eogr _wOam H$aZodmcr H$_Zr` Xoh dmcr ñÌr H$m Cn`moJ _mH}$qQ>J Ho$

{cE {H$`m Om ahm h¡& Eogo {dkmnZr ñÌr H$mo AnZo ApñVËd Ho$ n«{V gOJ ~ZmZo Ho$ {cE

'~mOma _| ñÌr' H${dVm _| draoÝX« Jmo c Or {cIVo h¢ -

""~mOma gmoZo Zht XoVm, Cgo Vwåhmao ~mc M_H$mZo h¡

Cgo Vwåh| Jmoam ~ZmZm h¡

Cgo Vwåh| \¡$eZ H$s D±$MmB`m| VH$ nhw§MmZm h¡

Bg ~m‹Oma _| Vwåhmam dOyX H$hm± h¡ ?

Vwåhmar IwX²Xmar ? EH$ J«mhH$ go Á`mXm Am¡a Š`m ? ''

21 dt gXr H$s {hÝXr H${dVm ñÌr-_Z H$s CÝ_wŠV A{^ì`pŠV Vmo h¡ hr, gmW hr

n«{VamoY H$m ^r OrdÝV XñVmdoO h¡& {hÝXr _| AmO AZoH$ H$d{`{Ì`m± g{H«$` h¡& BVZr ~‹S>>r

g§»`m _| BVZr loð> H$d{`{Ì`m± Bggo nhco H$^r Zht hþB©& S>m°.n« m dmOno r, gm{dÌr na_ma,

a_m qgh, gm{dÌr S>mJm, gwYm Jwám, ew m, H$mË`m`Zr, AM©Zm d_m©, j_m H$m¡b, amOr goR>,

g³oh_`r Mm¡Yar, BÝXw O¡Z, H$_cHw$_ma, {Z_©cm JJ©, S>m`Zm, VoOr J«moda, JJZ {Jc, AZm{_H$m,

n«rVm ^mJ©d, S>m°.{J[aOm ì`mg, gañdVr _mWwa, n« m R>mHw$a, S>m°.aOZr Hw$cloð>, g{dVm qgh

O¡gr AZoH$mZoH$ ñÌr-H${d`m| H$s H${dVmE°§ Ho$dc ñÌr-_wpŠV H$s MoVZm H$mo hr Zht daZ² g§nyU©

g_mO Ho$ énm§Va H$s H$m_Zm H$mo dmUr Xo ahr h¢ &

21 dt gXr H$s {hÝXr H${dVm _| ñÌr-{d_e© g§~§Yr gd©n«_wI ~mV Am{W©H$ ñdmc§~Z

H$s, H$s JB© h¡& AmO Ho$ g_` _| pñÌ`m| H$s Am{W©H$ ñdmYrZVm ~ohX Oéar h¡& {~Zm AnZo n¡a

na I‹So> hþE, {~Zm AnZr Am_XZr Ho$ H$moB© ^r _wpŠV g§ d Zht h¡& `h g~go nhcr eV© h¡&

_wpŠV Ho$ gmao amñVo `ht go {ZH$bVo h¡& IwX Cgo hr AnZm g§~c ~ZZm hmoJm& S>m°.a_m {ÛdoXr

AnZr H${dVm 'Xo Xmo AmH$me' (n«.g.2005) _| H$hVr h¢ -

""Z ahmo H$^r {H$gr H$s Am{lVm

IwX ~ZH$a ñdmdc§~r ~Zmo h{f©Vm

(74)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h_| IwX AnZm g§~c ~ZZm h¡

h_| naOrdr cVm Zht ~ZZm h¡&''

Bg gXr _| Hw$N> nwéf aMZmH$mam| Zo ^r ñÌr-{d_e© g§~§Yr H${dVmE± {cIr h¡& co{H$Z

"Omo ghVm h¡, dhr H$hVm h¡' H$s CpŠV Ho$ AZwgma AWdm O¡go EH$ X{cV hr Xygao X{cV H$s

ì`Wm H$h gH$Vm h¡ `m EH$ Am{Xdmgr hr Xygao Am{Xdmgr H$m XX© ~Vm gH$Vm h¡& d¡go hr EH$

ñÌr-_Z H$m AmH«$moe gwZZo Ho$ {cE ñÌr-aMZmH$ma H$s hr AmdmO Mm{hE& Bg g§~§Y _o§ loð>

AmcmoMH$ S>m°.amO|X« `mXd Or 'Zdo XeH$ H$s {hÝXr X{cV H${dVm' Bg nwñVH$ H$s y{_H$m _|

H$hVo h¢ -

""ñÌr Zo H$éUm H$m {damoY {H$`m& dM©ñd H$s g§ñH¥${V Ho$ gyÌYmam| Zo wJ- wJ go

CZHo$ gmW Omo A_mZdr` ~Vm©d {H$`m CgHo$ ~Xco CÝh| H$éUm H$s OéaV Zht h¡, `{X nwéf

ñÌr Ho$ ~mao _| {cIo Vmo CÝh| `h Ah§H$ma hmoJm {H$ do H$_Omoa Ho$ n«{V A{^ì`pŠV H$a aho h¢ &

gM `h h¡ {H$ pñÌ`mo H$mo gm{hË` _| AnZm ñda Mm{hE - n«m_m{UH$ Am¡a {dídgZr`&''

21 dr gXr H$s H$d{`{Ì`m| Ûmam {c{IV AmO H$s {hÝXr H${dVm Ho$dc ^md Am¡a

{dMmam| _o§ hr ñÌrdmXr Zht, A{nVw n«VrH$ Am¡a q~~m| _| ^r ñÌrdmXr H${dVmE± h¡& S>m°.a_m {ÛdoXr

H$s H${dVm 'Xo Xmo AmH$me' _| ~hþV hr n« mdr q~~ H$m n« moJ {H$`m J`m h¡& AmO H$s ñÌr H$mo

{H$gr ^r n«H$ma H$m amO Zht Mm{hE& Cgo Vmo CgH$m hH$ Mm{hE Ÿ& CXm-

""amO _w~maH$ Vw_H$mo, VmO _w~maH$ Vw_H$mo

~g MmhVo h¡ BVZm Xo Xmo AmH$me h_H$mo''

Zmar OmJaU H$s g_ñ`m nyd© go hr ^`mdh Am¡a J§ ra h¡& AmO H$s Zmar Hw$N>-Hw$N> OmJr ^r

h¡& CgZo OJh-OJh AnZr nhMmZ ~ZmB© h¡, co{H$Z Bggo g_ñ`m H$m g_mYmZ Zht hmoJm&

Zmar H$mo nyU©V… OmJZo H$s OéaV h¡& Zmar H$s pñW{V na H$d{`Ìr H$m Ü`mZ AË`m{YH$ J`m

h¡& Zmar MoVZm H$mo Oéar R>hamVr hþB©, H${d{`Ìr Zmar H$mo Cgr MoVZm _| D$na CR>Zo H$m g§Xoe

XoVr h¡ -

""H$mo_cVm H$mo H$_Omoa g_PZm `h h¡ Voar ZmXmZr

(75)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AmVr h¡ ~m‹T>> ZXr _| O~, OJ H$mo H$aVr h¡ nmZr-nmZr&

Vw AnZr nhMmZ H$mo {ddeVm H$m én Z Xo

dZm© Za o{S>E VwPo g_yMm hr {ZJc OmE§Jo''

21 dt gXr Zmar-gj_rH$aU H$s gXr h¡& Zmar _wpŠV Am§XmocZ {Za§Va n«gm[aV hmo

aho h¡& {hÝXr H${dVm ^r Zmar H$mo AnZr Apñ_Vm, epŠV, X¥‹T>>Vm Am¡a A{YH$mam| H$m Ahgmg

H$am ahr h¡& g_mO H$mo `h kmV hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ Zmar Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {~Zm H$moB© n[adma g_mO

{dH${gV Zht hmo gH$Vm& Bg{cE ~r.Ec.Am ©. AnZr Zmar ñdV§ÌVm H${dVm _| {cIVr h¡ -

""Zmar nam{lV Zht h¡, {H$gr Ho$ AmYrZ Zht h¡/emofU go _wpŠV nmZo H$mo XrZ-hrZ -~chrZ

Zht h¡/_m± H$s __Vm Am¡a ß`ma {~Zm, AÀN>m H$moB© n[adma Zht/Zmar Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {~Zm, H$moB©

gm_m{OH$ gamoH$ma Zht&''3

EH$ Amoa h_ CËVa AmYw{ZH$ hmoZo H$m X§ âVo h¡, Zmar _hËVm ñdrH¥$V H$aVo h¢ Vmo

Xygar Amoa XhoO Ho$ {cE c‹S>H$s H$mo OcmZm, Cgo `mVZmE± XoZm, g§VmZ CËnpËV _| g_W© Z

hmoZona X§{S>V H$aZm, ñÌr- y«UhË`m Am{X X¥í` ^r XoIVo h¡§& ^co hr 21 dt gXr H$s Zmar Zo

{H$VZr ^r n«J{V H$s hmo, co{H$Z nwéf o MmhVm h¡ {H$ dh AnZr _Ou go Z Mco& AnZr ~mV

Z H$ho, Mwn aho& AJa Zmar Eogm Zht H$aoJr Vmo CÝho nrgZm AmVm h¡& Bgr gË` H$mo {~{nZ

Mm¡Yar H$s H${dVm Eo c‹S>H$s' _| Bg Vah CR>m`m h¡ -

""Eo c‹S>H$s

na Ü`mZ aho nyar _Ou Vwåhmar Zht.

{Og ^r amñVo go Vw_ OmAmoJr

dmo h_mar gcmhm|,_edam| go hmoH$a JwOaoJm

h_| nrgZm AmVm h¡ N>moar

YmZ ^r, BÝgmZ ^r

h_mao nmg _w§No>, ZmH$ Am¡a gËVm g~ h¡

EH$ Mwn hOma gwI h¡, gwZ co Am¡a

(76)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h_ma {hXm`Vm| Ho$ ^rVa ah

`hr Vwåhmar {H$ñ_V hmoJr

na Cggo nhco

Oam BYa Vmo Am''4

^maVr` g§ñH¥${V nwéfn«YmZ g§ñH¥${V h¡& AË §V n«mMrZ H$mc go hr Zmar Ho$ CÝ_wŠV

AmMaU na `hm§§ amoH$ cJmB© h¡& Ho$dc c‹S>H$s h¡ Bg{cE dh Omoa go ~moc Zht gH$Vr, h±g Zht

gH$Vr, amo Zht gH$Vr, CN>c Zht gH$Vr& MwnMmn g~Hw$N> ghZo Ho$ {cE {dde h¡& co{H$Z

21 dt§ gXr H$s Zmar `h OmZVr h¡ {H$ dh {OVZm ghVr Om oJr, Cg na AÝ`m` hmoVm ahoJm&

Bg{cE CgZo AnZr Mwßnr Vmo‹S>> Xr h¡, Ow~mZ Imoc Xr h¡& Eogm O~ VH$ Zht hmoJm, Cg na

AÝ`m` hmoVm ahoJm& `hr ~mV AnZr H${dVm cmoJ Am¡a cS>H$s' _| A§Ow XwAm O¡{_Zr Or H$hVr

h¡ -

""cmoJ H$hVo h¡ -

c‹S>H$s h¡, Omoa go _V amo mH$a

c‹S>H$s h¡, Omoa go _V CN>cmH$a

c‹S>H$s h¡, Omoa go _V h±gmH$a

Am{Ia ~Z OmVr c‹S>H$s AmJ H$m Jmocm

nH$‹S>> coVr h¡ {Jao~m§

ImocVr CgH$s Ow~m§

cmoJ Im_moe h¡ - A~ Zht H$hVo -

c‹S>H$s h¡, Omoa go _V Xhm‹S>mH$a''

"ñÌr-nwéf g_mZVm' 21 dr gXr H$m ~hþV {n« {df` ahm h¡& OrdZ Ho$ ha joÌ _|

Zmar nwéfm| Ho$ H§$Yo go H§$Ym {_cmH$a _ohZV H$a ahr h¡& ~am~a H$m doVZ n«má H$a ahr h¡& dh

nwéf H$mo nrNo> YHo$cZm Zht MmhVr co{H$Z CZHo$ ~am~a H$m hH$ MmhVr h¡& nwéf Ûmam cJm o

ha cm§N>Z `m nr‹S>m H$mo ghVr h¡& {H$ÝVw h_ XoIVo h¡ {H$ gm_m{OH$ ~§YZ ñÌr Am¡a nwéf XmoZm|

(77)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Ho$ {cE AcJ-AcJ h¡& g_mO Zo nwéfm| H$mo Iwcr AmOmXr Xo aIr h¡ Am¡a pñÌ`m| H$mo ~§YZ&

H$d{`Ìr H$í_ram qgh "B‚mV' H${dVm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go `hr n«íZ CR>mVr h¡ -

"_¢ H${dVmE§ {cIVr hÿ±

Vmo Vwåhmar B‚mV Mcr OmVr h¡

`h gmoMH$a {H$ CVZr Xoa VH$

_¢ AnZo {Xcmo {X_mJ go {H$gr J¡a_X© Ho$ gmW Wr,

O~ Vw_ Xoa amV H$mo

Zeo _| {JaVo-n‹S>Vo Ka cm¡Q>Vo hmo

_oar B‚mV Zht OmVr ?

_¢ ZmB©Q>r nhZH$a XadmOo VH$ AmVr hÿ±

Vmo Vwåhmar B‚mV Mcr OmVr h¡

Vw_ cw§Jr nhZH$a nmZ H$s XwH$mZ VH$ Mco OmVo hmo

_oar B‚mV Zht OmVr ?

em`X Vwåh| `h nVm Zht {H$ B‚mV Š`m h¡ ?

B‚mV ñÌr dmMH$ eãX Oéa h¡

co{H$Z {g\©$ ñÌr Ho$ {cE Zht h¡ &'

AmO 21 dt gXr _| ^r Zmar Ho$ emofU H$s BpÝVhm Zht h¡& h_ {H$VZr ^r g\$cVm

H$s gr{‹T>>`m± M‹T>> co co{H$Z Zmar H$s Amoa XoIZo H$s X¥{ï> dhr h¡& AZm`mg hr _Z go n«íZ AmVm

h¡ {H$ Am{Ia H$~ VH$ Zmar H$mo o‹S>-~H$ar H$s Vah naIm Om oJm& ~mVo ~‹S>r H«$m§pÝVH$mar hmo

ahr h¡ {H$ÝVw AÝV dht ê$T>rdmXr h¡& gwYr H$d{`Ìr amOr goR> Zo ""_¢ ñÌr hÿ±'' Bg H${dVm Ho$

_mÜ`_ go ñÌr-emofU JmWm hr A{^ì`ŠV H$s h¡ -

{nVm H$mo H$h Zht nmB© Wr _¢ ñÌr hy±

""{nVm Zo _wPo Xw{hVm _mZm

EH$ ZJ ew{MVmdmcm

(78)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ew{MVm ñÌrËd Ho$ nyaonZ H$mo H$mQ> XoVr h¡

g§~§Ym| Ho$ dñÌ CVaVo OmVo h¡

ñÌrnZ H$s EH$ AI§S> c§~mB© ^rVa coQ>r ahVr h¡&''

Bg n«H$ma 21 dt gXr H$s {hÝXr H${dVm _| pñÌ`m± AnZr nhMmZ, ñdV§ÌVm Am¡a

A{YH$mam| Ho$ ~mao _| gmoMZo cJr h¢& pñÌ`m± A~ gm§gm[aH$ _wX²Xm§| go D$na CR>H$a {cI ahr h¢

& CZH$m coIZ Myëho-Mm¡Ho$, Amngr [aíVo, Ûof, n«o_ Am{X gm§gm[aH$ ~mVm| go H$m\$s D$na

CR> MwH$m h¡& {d{^ÝZ _wX²Xm| na do AnZo {dMma ~o~mH$s go ì`ŠV H$a ahr h¢& {deof ~mV `h

h¡ {H$ Bg gXr H$s H${dVm _| ñÌr-{d_e© XohdmXr {d_e© Z ~Zo, Bg Amoa ^r Ü`mZ {X`m Om

ahm h¡& n«km amdV H$s "EH$ Am¡aV H$m ~rO_§Ì' H${dVm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go 21 dt gXr H$s Zmar

H$mo EH$ _§Ì hr {_cm Omo Bgn«H$ma h¡ -

""{OVZm gVmAmoJo, CVZm CRy§>Jr

{OVZm X~mAmoJo, CVZm CJy§Jr

{OVZm ~m±YmoJo, CVZr {ZH$cy§Jr

{OVZm An_mZ H$amoJo,

CVZr hr gå_m{ZV hmoD§$Jr&''

(79)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


"ZJm‹So> H$s Vah ~OVo h¡ eãX' H$m ñÌr {d_e© Ho$ n[aàoú` _| {ddoMZ

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - II-IV

S>m°.gwZrc OmYdZm§XoS>

"ZJm‹So> H$s Vah ~OVo h¢ eãX' g§Wmc Am{Xdmgr _{hcm co{IH$m {Z_©cm nwVwc Or H$m

`h nhcm H${dVm g§J«h h¢& gm{hË` OJV _| àdoe H$aVo hr BgZo VhcH$m _Mm {X`m Wm& nhcr

~ma O§Jc Ho$ ~mha eha _| {H$gr Am{Xdmgr ñÌr Zo AnZo ApñVËd H$m ZJm‹S>m ~Om`m Wm&

{OgH$s AZwJy±O gånyU© gm{hË` _| AmO ^r AnZr gånyU©Vm _| gwZmB© XoVr h¡& Am{Xdmgr ñÌr

Ed§ Am{Xdm{g`m| H$s doXZm, nr‹S>m, XX©, {Q>g, Cnojm, An_mZ, KwQ>Z-Qy>Q>Z, {ddeVm, {dnÝZVm,

~Xhmcr Ho$ gmW,..... AnZo A{VËd H$s ImoO H$aZo dmcr ñÌr g{X`m| go nwéf ì`dñWm H$s

My Z H$mo ghVo-ghVo.... CgHo$ ^rVa Ho$ AmH«$m§V ñÌr Zo {dÐmoh H$m {~Jwc ~OmVo hþE, à{V gÎmm

H$mo MwZm¡Vr Xo S>mcr& {Z_©cm Or H$s H${dVm ± _mÌ ñÌr Ho$ XX© H$s A{^ì`{º$ Ed§ nwéf ì`dñWm

H$m {damoY hr Zht H$aVr A{nVw ñd § Ho$ A{VËd H$s Vcme H$aVr Am{Xdmgr ñÌr, Am{Xdmgr

OZOm{V Ho$ àË oH$ joÌ _| {H$ o OmZodmco emofU H$mo ^r geº$ ê$n _| CKm‹S>Vr h¡& eha Ho$

Ro>Ho$Xma, g_VmdmXr, amOZoVmAm| Ûmam {dnÝZ {Zarh Am{Xdm{g`m| Ho$ ^moconZ H$m \$m`Xm

CR>mH$a CZH$m "" yO E§S> W«mo'' H$aVo h¢& O§Jcmo go YS>„o go Jm`~ hmoVo no‹S>m| H$mo ~MmZo H$m

gÝXoe ^r XoVr h¡& Am{Xdm{g`m| Ho$ OrdZ nÕ{V`m|, Z¥Ë`,JrV-g§JrV, lÕm-A§YlÕm Ho$

gmW Am{Xdmgr ñÌr-nwéf, c‹S>H$m-c‹S>H$s, _mVm-{nVm, ^mB©-~hZ, H$~rco H$m gaXma Am{X

^r CZH$s H${dVmAm| Ho$ {df` aho h¢&

Am{Xdmgr ñÌr H$mo Ho$dc ^mo½` dñVw H$s Ñ[ï> go XoIZodmco nwéfr` g_mO na AmH«$moe

àH$Q> H$aVo hþE Am{Xdmgr c‹S>{H$`m| H$mo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go gmdYmZ H$aVr h¡& BVZm hr Zht

_w{I`m Ed§ O§Jc Ho$ Am{Xdmgr nwê$fm|-^mB© m| go Am{Xdmgr c‹S>{H$`m| H$s cmO ~MmZo H$m

AmJ«h ^r H$aVr h¡ & _¢Zo ""ZJm‹So> H$s Vah ~OVo h¡ eãX '' nwñVH$ H$m ñÌr {d_e© Ho$ n[aàoú`

(80)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_| {ddoMZ {ZåZ gyÌm| Ho$ AmYma na {H$`m h¡&

1. ñd H$m A{VËd VcmeVr Am{Xdmgr ñÌr

2. néf ì`dñWm Ho$ à{V {dÐmoh

3. Am{Xdmgr ñÌr Ho$ XX© Ed§ doXZm H$s A{^ì`{º$

4. Am{Xdmgr c‹S>H$s Am¡a {ddmh

5. Am{Xdmgr ñÌr gm¡ÝX ©, JrV g§JrV Am¡a Z¥Ë`

6. Am{Xdm{g`m| H$mo \$Q>H$ma

7. gä` ehar g_mO na ì §½`

8. _w{º$ H$s MmhV

1. ñd H$m A{VËd VcmeVr Am{Xdmgr ñÌr …-

{Z_©cm nwVwc H$s ñÌr AnZo hmoZo H$s, ñd§ Ho$ A{VËd H$s Vcme H$aVr Z‹Oa AmVr h¡&

dh nwéf àYmZ g_mO _| Ka, n[adma, ào_, [aíVo-ZmVo gå~ÝYm| _| AnZo ñWmZ H$mo Ty§>‹S>>Vr h¡&

dh g{X`m| go {H$gr Z {H$gr nwéf na {Z ©a ahr& `m {\$a Cgo ahZm n‹S>m& `m Cgo d¡gm ahZo

Ho$ {cE ~mÜ` {H$`m J`m Ÿ& Cgo {nVm, ^mB©, n{V, nwÌ Ho$ ghmao OrdZ OrZm n‹S>m& dh EH$ hr

gmW ñWm{nV Am¡a {Zdm©{gV hmoVr ahr h¡& ~MnZ go coH$a {ddmh VH$ _mVm-{nVm Ho$ Ka Am¡a

{ddmh Ho$ ~mX n{V H$m AZOmZm Ka & dh àË oH$ EH$m§V g_` _hgyg H$aVr ahr {H$ "_¢ H$moZ

hÿ± ? _oam ñWmZ Š`m h¡ ? _oam ApñVd Š`m h¡ ? {OÝhm|Zo _wPo OÝ_ go coH$a AÆ>mah dfm|© VH$

cmS>-ào_, __Ëd {X`m & {Og H$maU c‹S>H$s AnZo n[adma go {~N>‹S>Zo H$s H$ënZm ^r Zht H$a

gH$Vr& AmMmZH$ {ddmh hmoZo Ho$ Cnam§V AZOmZo Ka _| àË oH$ pñW{V`m| _| ñWm{nV H$aZm

n‹S>Vm h¡& Bgr XX© ,nr‹S>m, doXZm H$mo nyar g§doXZm Ho$ gmW AnZr H${dVm _| A{^ì`º$ H$aVo hþE

dh H$hVr h¡ ,

"" Š`m Vw_ OmZVo hmo

AnZr H$ënZm _|

{H$g Vah EH$ hr g_` _|

(81)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ñd§ H$mo ñWm{nV Am¡a {Zdm©{gV

H$aVr h¡ EH$ ñÌr ?'' 1

{Z_©cm Or H$s H${dVmAm| _| A{^ì`º$ ñÌr A{VËdhrZVm go CËnÝZ nc-nc Ho$ àíZm| H$m

e_Z MmhVr h¡& dh g{X`m| go AnZm Ka, AnZr O_rZ VcmeVr ahr&

"AnZo Ka H$s Vcme _| ' H${dVm _| dh H$hVr h¡ ,

"" YaVr Ho$ Bg N>moa go Cg N>moa VH$

_wÆ>r â gdmc {cE _¢

Xm¡‹S>Vr-hm±\$Vr-^mJVr

Vcme ahr hÿ± g{X`m| go {Za§Va

AnZr O_rZ, AnZm Ka

AnZo hmoZo H$m AW© ..'' 2

ñÌr Mmho _mVm-{nVm Ho$ Ka aho `m n{V Ho$ Ka _| aho, ^co hr dh dhm± g_{n©V h¡, na CgHo$

^rVa Ho$ gwZo EH$m§V _| AŠga EH$ àíZ CgH$m nrN>m H$aVo ahVm h¡& _oam Ka H$m¡Zgm h¢ ?,

""A§Xa g_oQo> nyam H$m nyam Ka

_¢ {~Iar hÿ± nyao Ka _|

na `h Ka _oam Zht h¡ &'' 3

{Z_©cm Or Zo ñÌr Ho$ Cg ahñ` H$mo C‹OmJa {H$`m h¡, Omo em`X ahñ` Z hmoVo hþE ^r ahñ` Ho$

g_mZ cJVm h¡ &

2.nwéf ì`dñWm Ho$ à{V {dÐmoh …-

ñÌr H$mo g{X`m| go Mma Xrdmam|, Myëhm-MŠH$s, Ka-{JañVr VWm ~ƒm| H$mo gåhmcZm...

VH$ gr{_V aIm J`m Wm& Cgo àË oH$ Adga na gwdU© Ka ê$nr qnOao _| H¡$X VmoVo Ho$ ^m§{V

Or{dV aIm J`m Wm& O~-O~ CgZo Mm¡H$Q> cm§JZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s, `m nwéf Ho$ AÝ`m` Ho$

{déÕ AmdmO CR>m`r, V~-V~ Cgo ào_ go `m H«$moY go nwZê$ A±Yoar Imoh _| YHo$c {X`m J`m&

Cg_| hrao H$s ^m§{V M_H$ Vmo Wr na CgHo$ {cE ~hma H$s Xw{Z`m à{V~§{YV Wr& àËòH$

(82)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Adgam| na CgH$s MmhV H$mo X~m {X`m J`m Wm & dmñVd _| Cgo MmhZo cm`H$ aIm hr Zht J`m

Wm& H$^r Cgo Xo{d ~ZmH$a CgHo$ n¡am| H$mo OH$‹S>m J`m Vmo H$^r CgHo$ eara H$mo AmKmV nhþ±Mm

H$a AZ§V H$mc VH$ ghZ H$aZo Ho$ {cE N>mo‹S> {X`m J`m Wm& {Z_©cm nwVwc H$s H${dVmAm| _|

A{^ì`º$ Am{Xdmgr ñÌr ^r Eogo hr XX© H$mo ghVo hþE Z‹Oa AmVr h¡&

Am{W©H$ {dnÝZmdñWm, nwéf Ûmam {H$ o OmZodmco AË`mMma go dh BVZr nr{‹S>V hþB© {H$

Cg XX© H$mo ^rVa hr ^rVa ghVo-ghVo dh XX© H$m cmdm ~Z J`m& àH¥${V H$m {Z`_ h¡ {H$

O~-O~ {H$gr ~mV H$m A{VaoH$ hmoVm h¡, V~-V~ àH¥${V AnZm amoÐ ê$n {XImVr h¡& yH§$n go

gmar YaVr H$m±n CR>Vr h¡& _mJ© _| AmZodmcr dZñWcr, Ord-O§Vw, _mZd Am{X g~H$m dh

{dZme H$aVo McVr h¢& d¡go hr {Z_©cm nwVwc H$s ñÌr nwéf ì`dñWm Ho$ {Icm\$ {dÐmoh H$m

e§IZmX H$a XoVr h¡& H${dVm g§J«h H$s nhcr hr H${dVm " Š`m Vw_ OmZVo hmo ' H${dVm _| dh

H$hVr h¡ ,

"" Š`m Vw_ OmZVo hmo

nwéf go {^ÝZ

EH$ ñÌr H$m EH$m§V &

Ka ào_ Am¡a Om{V go AcJ

EH$ ñÌr H$mo CgH$s AnZr O_rZ

Ho$ ~mao _| ~Vm gH$Vo hmo Vw_ ?'' 4

nwVwc Or H$s Z‹Oam| _| ñÌr nwéfm| Ho$ {cE _mÌ ^mo½` dñVw ahr h¡& nwéf Zo ñÌr H$mo BgHo$ nao

OmH$a H$^r g_Pm hr Zht& Zm hr ñÌr hmoZo H$m XX© H$^r _hgyg {H$`m h¡& Bgr{cE dh nwéfm|

go AmH«$m§V hmoH$a àíZ H$aVr h¡ {H$ Vw_ ñÌr Ho$ J © _| ~r‹O Vmo N>mo‹S> XoVo hmo na H$^r J ©dVr

ñÌr H$m XX©, doXZm,nr‹S>m H$mo Vw_Zo H$^r g_Pm h¡& _hgyg {H$`m h¡& ñÌr nwéf Ho$ Z‹Oam| _|

Ho$dc eara hr ahr& Cggo nao CgZo Cgo Zht g_Pm& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ {Z_©cm nwVwc AnZr

H${dVmAm| _| AmH«$moe àH$Q> H$aVo hþE àíZ H$aVr h¡ ,

"" VZ Ho$ yJmoc go nao

(83)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


EH$ ñÌr Ho$

_Z H$s Jm±Ro> Imoc H$a

H$^r n‹T>m h¡ Vw_Zo

CgHo$ ^rVa H$m Im¡cVm B{Vhmg ?

AJa Zht !

Vmo {\$a OmZVo Š`m hmo Vw_

agmoB© Am¡a {~ñVa Ho$ J{UV go nao

EH$ ñÌr Ho$ ~ma| _| ...&'' 5

{Z_©cm nwVwc Am±I| hmoH$a Am±I| ~§X Zht H$aZm MmhVr& H$mZ hmoH$a ¡ar Zht ~ZZm

MmhVr Am¡a O~mZ hmoH$a Jy§Jr& CÝhm|Zo Omo g_mO XoIm, ^moJm Cgo {H$gr Ho$ ^` Ho$ H$maU PyR>

H$s Wmcr _| namogm Zht &dh Vmo H$~ra,{Zamcm, ZmJmOw©Z H$s ^m§{V S§>Ho$ H$s MmoQ> na AnZr ~mV

H$hZo H$s {h_m`Vr h¡& CÝh_| O§Jc H$s eoaZr H$s Vah JO©Zm h¡, do " IyZ H$mo nmZr H¡$go {cI

Xy± 'H${dVm _| H$hVr h¡,

"" na Vwåhr ~VmAm|, `h H¡$go gå^d h¡ ?

Am±I ahVo AÝYr H¡$go hmo OmD§$ _¢ ?

H¡$go H$h Xy± amV H$mo {XZ ?

IyZ H$mo nmZr H¡$go {cI Xy± &'' 6

3.Am{Xdmgr ñÌr Ho$ XX© Ed§ doXZm H$s A{^ì`{º$ …-

EH$ Amoa {díd Mm±X-_§Jc J«h na ~ñVr ~ZmZo H$s `moOZm ~Zm ahm h¡& dht

Am{Xdmgr ñÌr H$s Amoa Z‹Oa S>mco Vmo nVm McVm h¡ {H$ dh {g\©$ O§Jc VH$ hr gr{_V h¡&

CgHo$ {cE ~mha H$m {díd AOZ~r h¡& Cgo nVm hr Zht {H$ CgHo$ O§Jc H$s Xw{Z`m Ho$ ~mha

^r H$moB© Xw{Z`m h¡ , "Am{Xdmgr pñÌ`m± 'H${dVm _| dh H$hVr h¡,

"" CZH$s Am±Im| H$s nhþ±M VH$ hr

gr{_V hmoVr CZH$s Xw{Z`m

(84)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


CZH$s Xw{Z`m O¡gr H$B©-H$B© Xw{Z`m§ o

em{_c h¡ Bg Xw{Z`m _| "' 7

Am{Xdmgr pñÌ`m± n[al_r hmoVr h¢& do nwéfm| Ho$ H§$Ymo go H$ÝYm {_cmH$a hr Zht ~pëH$

Cggo ^r Á`mXm n[al_ H$aVr h¡&Eogm H$hZm Ag§JV Zht hmoJm& dh IoVm| _| H$m_ H$aVr h¢&

nÎmc, MQ>B©, n§Im, PmSy> ~ZmH$a ~m‹Oma _| ~oM H$a AnZm VWm n[adma H$s CnOr{dH$m McmZo

_| {deof `moJXmZ XoVr h¡& OrZ hmWm| go dh dñVw ~ZmVr h¡, CZ dñVwAm| H$m H$moB© Amoa Cn`moJ

H$aVm h¡& Cgo àVrjm H$aZr n‹S>Vr h¡, AnZo hr noQ> âZo H$s& Bgr {dS>å~Zm H$mo ì`º$ H$aVo

hþE " ~mhm_wZr ' H${dVm _| H$hVr h¡,

" Vwåhmao hmWm| ~Zo nÎmc na âVo h¡ noQ> hOmam|

na hOmam| nÎmc â Zht nmVo Vwåhmam noQ>

H¡$gr {dS>å~Zm h¡ {H$

O_rZ na ~¡R> ~wZVr hmo MQ>mB`m±

Am¡a n§Im ~ZmVo Q>nH$Vm h¡

Vwåhmao H$[a`m o Xoh go Q>n..Q>n ..ngrZm &'' 8

Am{Xdmgr ñÌr H$mo nVm hr Zht hmoVm {H$ CgH$s ~ZmB© MrOo, CgH$s Vñdra| Xoe H$s amOYmZr

{X„r H¡$go nhþ±M OmVr h¢ & O~ Cgr ñÌr na ehar nwéf H$s ccMmB© Z‹Oa n‹S>Vr h¡& ñÌr Ho$

{ddeVm H$m \$m`Xm CR>mH$a Cgo _mÌ ^mo½` g_Pm OmVm h¡, V~ {Z_©cm Or " o do cmoJ h¡ '

H${dVm _| H$hVr h¡ ,

" o do cmoJ h¡ Omo ItMVo h¢

h_mar Z§Jr-AYZ§Jr Vñdra|

Am¡a g§ñH¥${V Ho$ Zm_ na

H$aVo h_mar {_Q>Q>r H$m gm¡Xm

CVma aho h¡ ~hg _| h_mao hr H$n‹So> ...

Omo h_mao {~ñVa na H$aVo h¡

(85)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h_mar ~ñVr H$m ~cmËH$ma &'' 9

H${d`{Ì AnZr H${dVmAm| _| XwIr h¡ Š`m|{H$ cmoJm| H$mo h_mam g~Hw$N> McVm h¡ & \y$c-

\$c, cH${‹S>`m±, gpãO`m± &na d{O©V h¡ h_mam CZHo$ Ka _| àdoe &do h_mao AZJ‹T> eara na

ì §½` H$aVo h¡ & h_mao hmWm| Nw>Am nmZr Zht McVm h¡& McVm h¡ Vmo {g\©$ Cn`moJr dñVw& " _oam

g~Hw$N> A{à` h¡ CZH$s ZOa _| ' do H$hVr h¡,

"" CÝh| {à` h¡

_oar JXamB© Xoh

_oam _m°g {à` h¡ CÝh| &'' 10

CZH$s H${dVmAm| _| Am{Xdmgr c‹S>H$s Bgr{cE XwIr h¡ Š`m|{H$ Cgo _mÌ eara g_Pm

OmVm h¡& dh MmhVr h¡ {H$ CgHo$ Xoh H$mo N>mo‹S> H$a CgHo$ n[al_, ^moconZ, B©_mZXmar H$s

àe§gm H$a|& " gw{J`m' H${dVm _| dh H$hVr h¡,

"" H$me, H$moB© H$hVm {H$

Vw_ ~hþV _ohZVr hmo gw{J`m

~hþV ^mocr Am¡a B©_mZXma hmo Vw_

H$me H$hVm H$moB© Eogm &'' 11

4.Am{Xdmgr c‹S>H$s Am¡a {ddmh …-

ñÌr Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ê$n hmoVo h¡& _m±-~oQ>r, gm±g-~hþ, XodamZr-{OR>mZr, ~hZ Am{X& Cgo

Am{X [aíVo {Z^mZo n‹S>Vo h¡& {ddmh go nyd© CgH$s gmar `mX§o Ka-Am±JZ, _mVm-{nVm,^mB©-

~hZm| _|, Jm`- ¢gm|, o‹S>-~H$[a`m|, IoVm| _|, nmZr Ho$ K‹So> _| Am{X _| ~gr hmoVr h¡& O~

CgH$m {ddmh H$a {X`m OmVm h¡& V~ AnZm g~Hw$N> N>mo‹S> H$a Xygam| Ho$ Am±JZ H$mo AnZm

~ZmZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Eogo g_` ggwamc OmZo go nyd© AnZr _m± Ho$ gå_wI amoVo hþE AnZm XX©

gwZmVr h¡& " _m± Ho$ {cE, ggwamc OmZo go nhco ' H${dVm Ñï>ì` h¡,

""na Š`m gM_wM

(86)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Om gHy±$Jr nyar H$s nyar `hm± go ?

Am±JZ _| n‹So> Qy>Qo> PmSy>-gm

n‹S>r ah OmD±$Jr Hw$N> Z Hw$N> `hm± ...

nmZr Ho$ Imcr K‹So> _|

âr ah Om |Jr _oar `mXo .. &'' 12

Am{Xdmgr c‹S>H$s AnZm {ddmh O§Jc Ho$ ~mha H$mogmo Xya eha _| Z H$amZo H$s ~mV O~

AnZo {nVm go H$aVr h¡, V~ CgH$s doXZm go õX` Ð{dV hmo OmVm h¡&

"" ~m~m !

_wPo CVZr Xya _V ã`mhZm

Ohm± _wPgo {_cZo OmZo Im{Va

Ka H$s ~H$[a`m± ~oMZr n‹So> Vwåho ..&'' 13

dh Bgr{cE eha _| ã`mhZm Zht MmhVr {H$ dhm± B§gmZ go Á`mXm ^JdmZ ~gVo h¡& dh Eogo

c‹S>Ho$ go {ddmh H$aZm MmhVr h¡, {Og_| B§gm{Z`V hmo& dh AnZo hr O§Jc Ho$ {H$gr c‹S>>Ho$ go

{ddmh H$aZm MmhVr h¡& Omo T>moc-_m§Xc, ~m±gwar ~OmZo _| nma§JV hmo& Omo ~g§V _| CgHo$ OySo> Ho$

{cE \y$c cm o....

"" {Oggo Im`m Zht Om o

_oao yIo ahZo na,

Cgr go ã`mhZm _wPo &'' 14

5.Am{Xdmgr ñÌr gm¡ÝX ©, JrV g§JrV Am¡a Z¥Ë` …-

{Z_©cm nwVwc Or AnZr H${dVmAm| _| pñÌ`m| Ho$ XX©, doXZm, nr‹S>m Ho$ gmW

CZH$s g_ñ`m, MmhV , AOZ~rnZ H$m {MÌU H$aVo hþE, CgHo$ nm[al{_H$ gm¡ÝX`© H$mo

CgHo$ JrVm|, Z¥Ë`m| H$s ^r A{^ì`{º$ H$aVr h¢&" gw{J`m' H${dVm _| nwéf H$s Z‹Oa go CgHo$

gm¡ÝX © H$mo ì`º$ H$aVo hþE H$hVr h¡,

(87)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


"" Vw_ h±gVr hmo Vmo

~hþV AÀN>r cJVr hmo gw{J`m &

~mXcm| _| {~Ocr go M_H$Vo

CgHo$ Xm§Vm| H$mo XoI ..

Vw_ ~hþV AÀN>m JmVr hmo

{~ëHw$c H$mo c H$s Vah

Am¡a ZmM H$m Vmo Š`m H$hZo

YaVr ZmM CR>Vr h¡

O~ ZmMVr hmo Vw_ &'' 15

6.Am{Xdm{g`m| H$mo \$Q>H$ma Ed§ àmoËgmhZ …-

{Z_©cm nwVwc O~ AnZr Am±Im| Ho$ gm_Zo AnZo ^moco-^mco, B©_mZXma Ed§

n[al_r Am{Xdmgr ^mB©-~hZm| H$m cmoJm| Ûmam BñVo_mc hmoVo XoIVr h¡& V~ CZgo ahm Zht

OmVm& dh AnZo cmoJm| H$s Am±Io ImocZo Ho$ {cE \$Q>H$ma cJmVr h¡& PmaIÊS> Ho$ {cE g§Kf©

H$aZo dmco AnZo Am{Xdmgr ^mB© H$mo " ^mB© _§Jc ~goam' H${dVm _| H$hVr h¡,

""A^r `Õ {dam_ hþAm h¡ ^mB©

IË_ Zht hþB© h¡ Vwåhmao {hñgo H$s c‹S>mB©

XoIZm do {\$a gQ>Zo H$s H$mo{ee H$a|Jo Omo H$c

gmW N>mo‹S> J o Wo Vwåhmam

_§{Oc Zht h¡ `h

Omo Xo ahm h¡ _§{Oc hmoZo H$m â_

EH$ n‹S>md h¡ Vwåhmar cå~r `mÌm H$m &

WH$ J o hmo Vmo Wmo‹S>m gwgVm cmo

na XoIZm H$ht {ZpíMÝV hmoH$a gmo _V OmZm _oao ^mB©&'' 16

~ñVr H$m àYmZ O~ {dXoer Xmê$ Ho$ ~Xco nyam Jm±d {Jadr aI XoVm h¡& V~ nwVwc Or ~ohX XwIr

(88)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


hmoVr h¡ ,

"" H¡$go {~H$mD$ h¡ Vwåhmao ~ñVr H$m àYmZ

Omo {g\©$ EH$ ~moVc {dXoer Xmé _| aI XoVm h¡

nyao Jm±d H$mo {Jadr

Am¡a co OmVo h¡ H$moB© cH${‹S>`m| Ho$ JÆ>a H$s Vah

cmXH$a AnZr Jm{‹S>`m| _| Vwåhmar ~o{Q>`m| H$mo

hOma nm±M-gm¡ hWo{c`m| na aIH$a

{nN>co gmc

YZH$Q>Zr _| Imcr noQ> ~§Jmc J`r n‹S>mog H$s ~wYZr

{H$gH$m noQ> gOmH$a cm¡Q>r h¡ Jm±d&'' 17

ñÌr Omo Ka-n[adma, g_mO-nwéf g^r H$mo ghVr ahVr h¡& Am¡a {H$gr EH$m§V H$moZo _| KwQ>-

KwQ> H$a amoVr h¡& V~ dh CZHo$ Bg ê$n H$mo XoIH$a ì §½`mË_H$ e¡cr _| \$Q>H$maVo hþE H$hVr

h¡,

"" hH$ H$s ~mV Z H$amo _oar ~hZ

_V _m§Jm| {nVm H$s gån{Îm na A{YH$ma

{OH«$ _V H$am| nËWam| Am¡a O§Jcm| H$s Ad¡Y H$Q>mB© H$m

gyXImoam| Am¡a J«m_rU S>m°ŠQ>am| Ho$ cyQ> H$s MMm© Z H$amo ~hZ

{_{hOm_ Ho$ JmoAmH$mocm H$s

gw~moYZr _maÊS>r H$s Vah Vw_ ^r

AnZo _JOhrZ n{V Ûmam

âr n§Mm`V _| S>m`Z H$ama H$a XpÊS>V H$s OmAmoJr

_m±Pr hmS>m_ "nam{UH$' "Jw{S>V' Ro>Ho$Xma

_hmOZ Am¡a OmZ JwéAm| Ho$ fS>ç§Ì H$m {eH$ma ~Z &'' 18

7.gä` ehar g_mO na ì §½` …-

(89)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{Z_©cm nwVwc Or Zo AnZr H${dVmAm| _| eha Ho$ CZ cmoJm| na ì §½` {H$`m Omo

AnZo Amn H$mo gä` g_PVo h¡& na ^rVa go Am{Xdm{g`m| go K¥Um H$aVo h¡& CÝh| ZrMm {XImVo

h¢& CZHo$ AZKS> eara H$m _OmH$ C‹S>mVo h¢& Am{Xdm{g`m| H$mo do `yO E§S> W«mo H$aVo h¢&

A§Vam©ï´>r` _{hcm {XZ Ho$ Adga na ehar _{hcmAm| H$mo nwéf Ho$ {déÕ AmdmO CR>mVo hþE

XoIVr h¢& CÝh| dh {g\©$ {XImdm cJVm h¢& CZ na " EH$ ~ma {\$a' H${dVm _| ì §½` H$aVr h¢&

Vm{H$ gM _| hr do H$m © H$a|,

"" EH$ ~ma {\$a

AnZr VmH$V H$m gm_y{hH$ àXe©Z H$aVo

h_ JwOa|Jo eha H$s J{c`m| go

nwéf-gÎmm Ho$ {Icm\$

hdm _| {_Æ>r-~±Yo hmW chamVo

Am¡a h_mao CÎmoOH$ Zmam| H$s D$î_m go

J_© hmo Om oJr eha H$s hdm &'' 19

8. _w{º$ H$s MmhV …-

AnZr O_rZ VcmeVr Am{Xdmgr ñÌr H$s _w{º$ H$s MmhV H$mo AnZr H${dVmAm| _|

dmUr Xr h¡& ñÌr H$mo g{X`m| go X~m`m J`m& Mma Xrdmam| _| H¡$X {H$`m J`m& CgH$s MmhV H$m

{H$grZo »`mc Zht aIm& AmO dhr ñÌr Ka-ào_,Om{V go AcJ AnZm ApñVËd ~ZmZm MmhVr

h¡ ,

"" _¢ ñd§ H$mo ñd§ H$s Ñ{ï> go XoIVo

_wº$ hmoZm MmhVr hÿ± AnZr Om{V go

Š`m h¡ _mÌ EH$ ñdßZ Ho$

ñÌr Ho$ {cE Ka gÝVmZ Am¡a ào_ ?

dh AnZm EH$ {deof ñWmZ ~ZmZm MmhVr h¡ & Cgo {H$gr Amoa Ho$ H$maU Zht ~pëH$ CgH$s

(90)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


nhMmZ ñd§ go H$aZm MmhVr h¡& dh Eogr O_rZ MmhVr h¡, {Ogo dh AnZm H$h gHo$,

"" AnZr H$ënZm _| ha amoO

EH$ hr g_` _| ñd§ H$mo

ha ~oMm¡Z ñÌr VcmeVr h¡

Ka ào_ Am¡a Om{V go AcJ

AnZr EH$ Eogr O_rZ

Omo {g\©$ CgH$s AnZr hmo &'' 21

dh _wº$ AmH$me _| Iwcr gm±g coVo hþE {~ZYmñV, ~ÝYZm| go nao _wº$ hmoH$a ñdÀN§>X C‹S>Zm

MmhVr h¡ & dh Eogm AmYma MmhVr h¡, Omo Cgo CgH$s BÀN>mAm| H$mo nyam H$aZo X|& {Og_o

AnZmnZ hmo,

"" EH$ CÝ_wº$ AmH$me

Omo eãX go nao hmo

EH$ hmW

Omo hmW Zht

CgHo$ hmoZo H$m Am^mg hmo ! '' 22

dñVwV… {Z_©cm nwVwc H$s H${dVmAm| _| ñÌr Ka, n[adma, Om{V, ào_, go nao AnZm

ApñVËd VcmeVr hþB© {XImB© XoVr h¡& g{X`m| go nwéf ì`dñWm Ûmam gVm`r JB©& àVm{‹S>V H$s

JB©& ñÌr H$mo nwéf Zo Ho$dc Cn^mo½` dñVw g_Pm& ñÌr H$m ApñVd Ka, eara go nao ^r h¡&

nwéf Zo H$^r Cgo ñÌr Ho$ ê$n _| g_Pm hr Zht & Bgr{cE dh AmH«$m§V hmoH$a nwéf ì`dñWm go

àíZ H$aVo hþE AnZo _Z H$s ^S>mg {ZH$mcVo hþE H$hVr h¡,""AJa Zht ! Vmo {\$a OmZVo Š`m

hmo Vw_ agmoB© Am¡a {~ñVa Ho$ J{UV go nao EH$ ñÌr Ho$ ~mao _| ..?'' {Z_©cm nwVwc Or Zo AnZo

H${dVm g§J«h _| Z Ho$dc nwéf ì`dñWm Ho$ à{V {dÐmohmË_H$ H${dVm o± {cIr ~pëH$ Am{Xdmgr

ñÌr H$s doXZm, XX© H$s A{^ì`{º$ H$aZo dmcr H${dVm | H$R>moa öX` H$mo {nKcm ^r XoVr h¡ &

CÝhm|Zo XoIo Am¡a ^moJo hwE gË` H$m H$mì` _| hþ~hÿ {MÌ qIMm h¢ & CÝhm|Zo Omo ^r H$hZm Mmhm,

(91)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$~ra Am¡a {Zamcm H$s ^m§{V ~o~mH$ Ed§ {~ZYmñV H$hm& dh S§>Ho$ H$s MmoQ> na H$hVr h¡ "na Vw_

~VmAm|, `h H¡$go g§ d h¡/ Am±I ahVo AÝYr H¡$go hmo OmD$ _¢ ? H¡$go H$h Xy± amV H$mo {XZ ?

IyZ H$mo nmZr H¡$go {cI Xy± ?' g§J«h H$s AÝ` H${dVmAm| _| PmaIÊS> Ho$ g§Wmc Am{Xdmgr ñÌr

Ho$ gm¡ÝX ©, JrV, g§JrV Am¡a Z¥Ë` H$m {MÌU hþAm h¡ & gmW hr Am{Xdm{g`m| Ho$ ^moconZ,

B©_mZXmar ,X[aÐVm H$m ~mhar cmoJ {H$g Vah \$m`Xm CR>mVo h¡& Am{Xdm{g`m| H$mo " yO E§S>

W«mo''{H$`m OmVm h¡& Bg na H${d`Ìr CÝh| AnZo A{VËd H$m Ahgmg {XcmVo hþE \$Q>H$ma ^r

cJmVr h¡& g{X`m| go nwéf ì`dñWm H$mo ghZo dmcr ñÌr Ka, ào_, Om{V, g_mO go nao AmH«$moe

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22.ZJm‹So> H$s Vah ~OVo h¡ eãX- {Z_©cm nwVwc, àH$meZ-âVr` kmZnrR>, Z`r {X„r.n¥.10

(92)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_mcVr Omoer H¥$V CnÝ`mg "amJ {damJ' _|ñÌr-dmXr {d_e©

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - II-V

n«m.eoI hþg¡Z _¡ZmoX²XrZ

_w.nmo.hmcr Vm.CXJra {O.cmVya

ñÌr eãX H$s ì wËn{Îm …

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nV§O{c Ho$ AZwgma-""Zmar H$mo ñÌr Bg{cE H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$,J © H$s pñW{V CgHo$ AZwgma,

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_| hmoVr h¡ Bg{cE Cgo ñÌr H$hm OmVm h¡&''2

"ñÌr' eãX H$s n[a^mfm …

1) {hÝXr H$moe Ho$ AZwgma …

""ñÌr _Zwî` Om{V Ho$ Ordm| Ho$ Xmo oXm| _| go EH$ h¡, Omo AnZr gwÝXaVm, H$mo_cVm

Am{X Ho$ {cE n«{gÜX h¡ Am¡a {OgH$m H$m_ J ©YmaUm H$aHo$ g§VmZ CËnÝZ H$aZm h¡&''3

2) S>m°.d„^Xmg {Vdmar Or Ho$ AZwgma …

""ñÌr Ho$ {cE _{hcm eãX H$m n« moJ H$aVo hþE n{V H$m gå_mZ H$aZodmcr AWdm n{V

H$mo nyÁ` g_OZodmcr Zmar H$mo _{hcm H$hm OmVm h¡&''4

^maVr` g_mO ì`dñWm nwéf n«YmZ ahr h¡& nwéfm| Zo AnZo hmWm| _| g_mO H$s gmar

gËVm g_oQ> aIr h¡& AV… dh ñdm_r Am¡a ñÌr H$mo go{dH$m, Xmgr ~ZmE aIZo _| AnZr n«{VîR>m

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na§nam, gm_m{OH$ ~§YZm| Ho$ H$maU Zmar wJmo- wJm| go hr nr{‹S>V Am¡a AnZo A{YH$mam| go d§{MV

ahr h¡& o‹S>> ~H$[a`m| H$s Vah dh ~o~g q‹OXJr OrVr ahr&

Eogr emo{fV _{hcmAm| Ho$ Ý`m` Ho$ {cE qhXr co{IH$mAm| Zo Omo AnZo gm{hË` _| ñÌr Ho$ n«{V

(93)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AmdmO CR>mB© Cgo ñÌr {d_e© H$hVo h¡&

ñÌrdmX H$s n[a^mfm …

1) S>m°.{dÚwV ^mJdV Or Ho$ AZwgma …

""d¡`pŠVH$, gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOZr{VH$ ñVam| na ñÌr na hmo aho AÝ`m`,

AË`mMma Ho$ {damoY _| g§Kf© H$s V¡ mar aIZm hr ñÌrdmX h¡&''5

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""ñÌrdmX AWm©V nwéfm| Ho$ {damoY _| g§Kf© Z hmoH$a O¡{dH$, gm_m{OH$, _mZ{gH$,

Am{W©H$ Am¡a amOZr{VH$ ñVam| na ñÌr H$mo Omo H${ZîR> ñWmZ {X`m OmVm h¡ Cgo ZîQ> H$a nwéfm|

Ho$ g_mZ ñWmZ n«má H$aHo$ AnZo H$s AcJ nhMmZ {Z_m©U H$am hr ñÌrdmX h¡&''6

3) Vñcr_m ZgarZ Or Ho$ AZwgma …

""ñÌrdmXr AmÝXmocZ Ho$ nj H$mo {dñVma XoVo hþE H$hVo h¡-{Og {XZ `h g_mO ñÌr

eara H$m Zht, eara Ho$ A§J n«Ë §J H$m Zht, ñÌr H$s _oYm Am¡a l_ H$m _yë` grI OmEJm

{g\©$ Cgr {XZ ñÌr _Zwî` Ho$ én _| ñdrH¥$V hmoJr&''7

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go Ka Am¡a ~mha emofU hmo ahm h¡& g_mO Ho$ cmoJ AcJ-AcJ {Z`_ ~ZmH$a CgH$m emofU

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ahr h¡, Ka Am¡a ~mha XmoZm| ñWmZm| na hr Cgo EH$ g§Kf© `mÌm go Jw‹OaZm n‹S>Vm h¡ Bgr H$m

(94)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


XñVmdoO `h CnÝ`mg h¡&

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na _ZmoO AmH${f©V hmoVm h¡&

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nhcr ~ma {H$grZo _oar Xoh go nao OmH$a _oao A§Vg² Ho$ gm¢X © H$mo nhMmZm h¡& nhcr ~ma {H$gr

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wdH$ a§J-én _| H$_ c‹S>>H$s H$s Zm¡H$ar na Á`mXm _aVo h¡& naÝVw H$ë`mUr H$s gmg H$mo ~hy

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CgH$s gmg Zo H$ë`mUr Ho$ _mV¥Ëd H$mo Ed§ dmËgë` ^mdZm H$mo Ro>g nhþMmB© h¡& Bgr H$maU

H$ë`mUr EH$ ~ma dh Bg n«H$ma {~_ma n‹S>> OmVr h¡ {H$, V~ CgH$s gmg Cgo Ny>V H$s ~r_mar

h¡ H$hHo$ Ka Ho$ cmoJm| H$mo Cggo Xya aIVr h¡&

AmO CgHo$ nmg Zm¡H$ar Ho$ A{V[aŠV Eogr H$moB© MrO Zht h¡ {Oggo dh _ZmoO H$mo

AmH${f©H$ H$a gHo$& naÝVw _ZmoO ^r AnZr nËZr H$mo N>moS>H$a AM©Zm H$s Amoa AmH${f©V hmo

J`m Wm& BZ g~ ~mVm| H$mo OmZH$a H$ë`mUr A~ "A~cm' Zmar ~Z OmVr h¡& CgHo$ OrdZ _|

(95)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


éR>m hþAm n{V, Im¡\$ ImVr ~oQ>r Am¡a nmJc H$ama XoZodmcr gmg Ho$ gmW H$moB© H$~ VH$ ah

gH$Vr h¡, CgHo$ OrZo H$m CËgmh g_má hmo J`m h¡&

_mcVr Or Cgo AmË_hË`m H$s Amoa Zht co OmVr ~pëH$ Cgo g§JrV gmYZm H$s Amoa co

OmVr h¡& n§{S>V Or Ho$ nÅ>{eî` lra§J Zo Cg_| g§JrV Ûmam {OOr{dfm â Xr h¡& CgZo n[adma

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n{V H$m H$m © hmoVm h¡ nËZr H$s ajm H$aZm, na§Vw Bg CnÝ`mg _| n{V H$m ì`pŠVËd

Ho$dc ñdmW© h¡& AmO H$m n{V-nËZr H$mo Ho$dc g§V{V CËnÝZ H$aZo dmcr _erZ

g_PVm h¡& co{H$Z H$^r ^r ñÌr H$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo g_PZo H$m n« mg Zht {H$`m Bgr ^mdZm

go nr{‹S>>V Bg CnÝ`mg H$s Zm{`H$m H$ë`mUr h¡&

_mcVr Omoer Zo Bg CnÝ`mg _| ñÌrdmX Ho$ CÔoí`m§o na Ü`mZ {X`m h¡& CgH$m nhcm

CÔoí` gm_m{OH$ n[adV©Z& ~MnZ go hr ñÌr Ho$ n«{V hrZ-^mdZm H$m {Z_m©U {H$`m OmVm h¡

Cgo ha Vah go X~mH$a aIm OmVm h¡& g¡H$S>mo gmcm| go X~r Zmar H$mo _wŠV H$aZm hr CÔoí` ahm

h¡&gÝX^© g§Ho$V …1) H¥$.nm. Hw$cH$Uu, _amR>r ì`Ën{ÎmH$moe, n¥.5812) d„^Xmg {Vdmar, {hÝXr H$mì` _| Zmar, n¥.363) cmoH$^maVr n«m_m{UH$ qhXr H$moe, am_M§X« d_m©,n¥.8904) d„^Xmg {Vdmar, {hÝXr H$mì` _| Zmar, n¥.375) {dÚwV ^mJdV-_hmamîQ´>mVrc pñÌ`m§À`m MidirMm AmT>mdm, n¥.376) d¡emcr XoenmÊSo>-ñÌrdmX Am¡a _{hcm CnÝ`mgH$ma, n¥.177) Vñcr_m ZgarZ AZw._yc^yV gH$ma Am¡aV Ho$ hH$ _|, n¥.99

8) amJ-{damJ, _mcVr Omoer, n¥.14

(96)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_¥Xwbm JJ© H$s H$hm{Z`m| _| Zmar- g§doXZm

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - II-VI

n«m.S>m°. kmZoída JmSo>

lr `moJmZ§X ñdm_r H$cm _hm{dÚmc`, ~g_V

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hmoZm n‹S>>Vm h¡& B©ída Zo Zmar Am¡a nwê$f EH$ hr aW Ho$ Xmo n{h o g_mZVm Ho$ ñVa na {Z_m©U

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hmo J`m h¡, dh Z Vmo gƒm n«o_r h¡ Am¡a Z gƒm n{V h¡, Omo dh {XIVm h¡ dh T>m|J h¡& dV©_mZ

g_mO _| {ejm Zo Zmar _| n[adV©Z cm`m h¡& {\$a ^r Zmar Z`m H$X_ S>mcVo g_` Cgo nwê$f

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(97)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


"_XZ' H$mo AnZo AZwê$n nmH$a Cggo n«o_ H$aVr h¡& _XZ H$mo XoIH$a H$mo_c H$m _Z-hr-

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VH$ nhy ±Mm XoVm h¡& d¡dm{hH$ OrdZ _| nwéfm| go A{YH$ AnZo OrdZ Ho$ gmW A{YH$ _{hcmE±

hr g_Pm¡Vm H$aVr h¡&

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h¡& _¥Xwcm JJ© H$s - "Xw{Z`m H$m H$m`Xm' Bg H$hmZr| _| BgH$m `WmW© {MÌ XoIZo H$mo {_cVm h¡&

Bg H$hmZr H$s "ajm" gw{e{jV Ed§ AË §V g§doXZerc Zmar h¡& dh _hm{dÚmc` _| Zm¡H$ar

H$aVr h¡& g_mO _| Zmar H$s Xmo _ pñW{V H$mo XoIH$a dh ~¡MoZ hmoVr h¡& Bg H$hmZr _| Xmo X¥í`

h¡& EH$ ajm H$s OoR>mZr _aZo Ho$ ~mX H$m {Og_| Am¡aV§o EH$ Amoa _mV_ _Zm aht h¡ Am¡a Xygar

Amoa CgHo$ n{V H$s emXr H$s ~mV H$a ahr h¡& ajm H$m n{V gw{Zc ajm H$mo _ohVm Ho$ gmW

ZmMZo Ho$ {cE ~mÜ` H$a ahm h¡ Š`m|{H$, _ohVm CgH$m d[að> A{YH$mar h¡ Am¡a gw{Zc H$m _ohVm

Ho$ nmg H$m_ AQ>H$m hþAm h¡& Bg{cE dh _ohVm H$mo Iwe H$a AnZm H$m_ H$adm coZm MmhVm h¡&

ajm O¡gr gw{e{jV Zmar AnZo n{V H$m EoVamO Š`m| Zht H$aVr h¡? dh {e{jV hmoH$a ^r

Cg_| CVZm gm_Ï © Zht h¡ Š`m|{H$, _{hcmAm| H$mo nwéfm| Zo g{X`m| go A~cm go Cna CR>m`m

Zht h¡& Bgr H$hmZr _| OoR>mZr Ho$ _aUmonamÝV ajm Ho$ OoR> H$s emXr H$s ~mVo H$s OmVr h¡& Bg

g_mO H$mo _ar hþB© Zmar Ho$ ~mao _| Xw…I Zht h¡ ~pëH$ Bg nwéf n«YmZ g_mO _| Zmar H$s _aZo

Ho$ ~mX ^r Iwer go nwéf H$m Xygam {ddmh {H$`m OmVm h¡& na§Vw Zmar H$m n{V _aZo Ho$ ~mX Zmar

(98)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$mo AnZo n{V Ho$ Zm_ na hr {dYdm ~ZH$a ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡&

dV©_mZ g_mO _| g§ wŠV n[adma H$s AdYmaUm g§Hw${MV hmoH$a Ho$dc n{V-nËZr Am¡a

~ƒm| _| {g_Q> J`r h¡& _yë` {dKQ>Z Ho$ H$maU Bg n«H$ma Ho$ n[adma ^r Qy>Q> aho h¢ & _¥Xwcm JJ©

H$s "VwH$' H$hmZr _| ^r BgH$m ~w{Z`mXr {MÌU hþAm h¡& Bg H$hmZr H$s "_ram" H$mo XmånË`

OrdZ _| ha pñW{V`m| _| hr g_Pm¡Vm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& n{V H$s Iw{e`m| H$m {dMma nËZr H$aVr

h¡& n{V-nËZr H$s Iw{e`m| H$m {dMma H$a| `h AmO Oéar Zht g_Pm OmVm h¡& `hr Bg Xw{Z`m

H$m H$mZyZ h¡& AnZr Iwer AnZm gÝ_mZ, AnZo {dMma VmH$ na aIH$a n{V H$s Iwer _|

AnZr Iwer g_PZo H$m Ro>H$m Zmar Zo hr co aIm h¡& n{V H$mo CgH$s OéaV Zht h¡ na§Vw nËZr

AnZr OéaV {XIm ahr h¡& dh ñdm_r ~Zm aho Am¡a `h nmcVy ~Zr aho Eogm hr Hw$N> [aíVm h¡-

Zaoe Am¡a _ram H$m& XmånË` OrdZ Ho$ VZmd Ho$ H$maU XmoZm| Ho$ {^ÝZ ñd^md, {^ÝZ é{M,

OrZo H$m {^ÝZ VarH$m, {^ÝZ g§ñH$ma hmoVo h¢& XmånË` OrdZ H$m AmYma n«o_ hmoVm h¡& Bg

H$hmZr _| Zaoe Zo _ram H$mo H$^r nyar JhamB© Ho$ gmW n«o_ Zht {H$`m h¡& _ram _hgyg H$aVr h¡

{H$- ""_wPo cJVm Ehgmg H$aZo H$s ^mdZm go n«o[aV hmo, dh EH$ D§$MmB© go _oar Amoa PwH$Vm

h¡& _oar Ag§Vwï> Xoh {nQ>r gr n‹S>r ahVr h¡ Am¡a _¢ AJco {XZ Ho$ AnZo An_mZ H$s `moOZm

~ZmZo cJVr hy±&

_¥Xwcm JJ© Zo Zmar H$s g§doXZm "CgH$s H$amh" H$hmZr _| ^r {M{ÌV H$s h¡& AmO Ho$

{df_ g_mO ì`dñWm _| Zmar H$mo _yë`hrZ ~Zm {X`m h¡& H$mZyZ H$s X¥{ï> go ñÌr-nwéf g_mZ

hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX ^r ì`dhma _| XmoZm| _| ôX h¡& Ohm± na nwéf H$m ApñVËd h¡, dh Zmar

ApñVËdhrZ ~Zr hþB© h¡& Bg H$hmZr Ho$ "gwYm' Ho$ {Xc _| Q²> y_a h¡& dh Am°naoeZ H$aZo Ho$

cm`H$ pñW{V _| Zht h¡& dh Ho$dc Xmo-Mma _hrZo H$s _oh_mZ h¡& gwYm Ho$ {~ñVa nH$‹S>Zo Ho$

H$maU dh MmhVr h¡ {H$ CgH$m n{V gw{_V Am¡a CgH$m nwÌ XrnH$ H$m ^r I`mc aIo& n¡gm Vmo

AmO h¡ H$c Zht, AmO Zht Vmo H$c ^r H$_m`m Om gH$Vm h¡, na§Vw BÝgmZ EH$ ~ma _¥Ë w H$s

MnoQ> _| J`m Vmo H$moB© ^r H$s_V XoH$a Cgo dmng cm¡Q>m`m Zht Om gH$Vm& H$hmZr _| gwYm H$m

n{V gw{_V n¡gm H$_mZo Ho$ nrNo> cJm hþAm h¡& dh gwYm H$s ~r_mar H$mo ZOam§XmO H$aVm h¡&

(99)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Bgr{cE gwYm {M‹T>>H$a gw{_V go H$hVr h¡- ""Vw_ AnZo n¡go H$s qMVm H$amo& ^m‹S> _| n‹S>Zo Xmo

h_|& _wPo Am¡a XrnH$ H$mo ^r& Xmo _hrZo go ImQ> na n‹S>r hÿ±, Bgo EH$ eãX n‹T>m`m Zht h¡& cJVm

h¡ Bg ~ma \o$c hmoJm& na Vwåh| Š`m? hmoZo Xmo \o$c& Vwåh| Vmo {\$H«$ h¡ Zht&'' Bg n«H$ma AmO

nwê$fm| H$s Zmar Ho$ n«{V H$s g§doXZm H$_ hmoVr Om ahr h¡& BgH$m n«_mU _¥Xwcm JJ© H$s "CgH$s

H$amh' H$hmZr h¡&

^maVr` Zmar H$s `h {deofVm h¡ {H$- dh ghVr g~Hw$N> h¡ na H$hVr Hw$N> Zht h¡&

_¥Xwcm JJ© Zo Zmar Ho$ Bgr én H$mo "{ccr Am°\$ {X docr" H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ñnï> {H$`m h¡&

Bg H$hmZr H$s "{Zer" AnZr Mma K{Zð> gho{c`m| _| g~go Iy~gyaV Am¡a gw§Xa h¡& {Zer H$m

{ddmh hmo OmVm h¡ na§Vw CgH$s gho{c`m| Zo CgHo$ n{V amHo$e H$mo Zht XoIm Wm& {Zer Zo amHo$e

Ho$ ~mao _| gho{c`m| H$mo H$hm Wm- ""dh {H$gr \$_© _| _°ZoOa h¡, {XIZo _| ~hþV gw§Xa h¡, JmVm

~hþV Iw~ h¡, {Zer na EH$X_ XrdmZm h¡, {Zer Ho$ gm¢X © na dh _mo{hV h¡, CgHo$ Iwco ~mcm|

H$mo K§Q>m| {ZhmaVm ahVm h¡ Am¡a {Zer na OmZ {N>‹S>H$Vm h¡& {Zer Ho$ _wI go `h g~ ~mV|

gwZH$a {Zer H$mo ~hþV hr ^m½`dmZ gho{c`m| ìXmam g_Pm OmVm h¡& na§Vw Ag{c`V Hw$N> AcJ

hr hmoVr h¡& {Z{e H$m n{V amHo$e EH$ eam~r, ~oH$ma, ~oe_© Am¡a Amcgr h¡& dh {Zer Ho$ EH$-

EH$ Ooda ~oM-~oMH$a dh AnZo em¡H$ nyao H$a coVm h¡& {XZ-amV eam~ _| Bg Vah Sy>~m ahVm

h¡ {H$ Z Cgo IwX H$s B‚mV H$m I`mc h¡ Z hr AnZr nËZr H$s B‚mV H$m& {Zer O~ AnZr hr

ghbr "{d^m' H$s emXr _| OmVr h¡ V~ g^r gho{c`m± {Zer Ho$ n{V H$mo XoIZo Ho$ {cE cmcm{`V

hmo CR>Vr h¢& na§Vw {Zer `hm± PyR> ~mocH$a dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo ~Xc XoVr h¡& dh AnZr doXZm, nr‹S>m

~VmH$a Xygam| H$mo Xw…Ir ~ZmZm Zht MmhVr h¡&

h_mao g_mO _| ~MnZ go hr, Bg Vah go g§ñH$ma {X o OmVo h¢§ {H$ n{V Am¡a n[adma

Ho$ gå_mZ Ho$ {cE gmar VH$cr\$m| H$mo Zmar MwnMmn PocVr aho& co{IH$m _¥Xwcm JJ© Zmar na hþE

ñd^md Am¡a g§ñH$ma _| n[adV©Z cmZm MmhVr h¡& dh H$hVr h¡- ""ñd^md Ho$ ~Om` g§ñH$ma H$mo

AmYma _mZ coZo go hr g_ñ`m Zht gwcPVr& g§ñH¥${V H$s XwhmB© XoZo Ho$ {cE O~ g_W© OZ

OwQ>Vo h¡, Vmo do g§ñH$ma H$mo ñd^md go ^r A{YH$ Xw{Z©dma _mZVo h¡& ñd^md H$m Vmo n[aîH$ma

(100)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Am¡a CXmËVrH$aU hmo gH$Vm h¡ na O~ g§ñH$ma H$mo AI§S>, AZ§Va Am¡a {ZË` _mZH$a nyOm

OmZo cJVm h¡ Vmo dh O‹S>> hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a n[aîH$ma H$s g§ mdZm Zht ~MVt & ^maVr` g_mO

Zmar Ho$ n[adV©Z Ho$ n« mgm| H$mo g§ñH¥${V H$m Ad_yë`Z _mZH$a ~am~a Im[aO H$aVm Am`m h¡

Am¡a AmO ^r H$a ahm h¡&''

_¥Xwcm JJ© H$s H$hm{Z`m± Zmar _Z H$s ì`Wm H$mo {M{ÌV H$aVr h¢ & {ejm Zo {ZíM` hr

Zmar H$mo AmË_{Z ©a ~ZmZo _| ghm`Vm Xr h¡ {H$ÝVw Zmar ñdmV§Í` Ho$ V_m_ Xmdm| Am¡a Am§XmocZm|

Ho$ ~mdOyX Zmar H$s pñW{V AmO ^r X`Zr` h¡& n«ñVwV H$hm{Z`m| _| {e{jV Zmar hmo `m A{e{jV

XmoZm| na nwéfm| H$m dM©ñd XoIZo H$mo {_cVm h¡& AmO ^r g_mO _| Eogr Zm[a`m± h¡ Omo IwX Ho$

n¡am| na I‹S>r hmo MwH$s h¢ & na§Vw OrdZ _| n{V Ho$ Bemam| na McVr h¢ & n{V Ho$ nrR>>> nrNo> dh

{H$gr ^r n«H$ma Ho$ H$X_ CR>mZm Zht MmhVr h¡& n{V O¡gm H$hVm h¡ Cgr n«H$ma dh H$m © H$aVr

h¡& _¥Xwcm JJ© H$s H$hm{Z`m| _| Ho$dc A{e{jV hr Zht, {e{jV Zmar H$s g§doXZmAm| na ^r

n«H$me S>mcm J`m h¡&

g§X^©… . EH$ Am¡a {ddmh (H$hmZr g§J«h- Xw{Z`m H$m H$m`Xm)-_¥Xwcm JJ©, n¥. 63 . VwH$ (H$hmZr g§J«h- ½co{eà)-_¥Xwcm JJ©, n¥. 56 . CgH$s H$amh (H$hmZr g§J«h- Qy>H$S>m Qy>H$S>m AmX_r)-_¥Xwcm JJ©, n¥. 111 . g_mJ_-_¥Xwcm JJ©, n¥. 129

(101)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


__Vm H$m{c`m Ho$ "Xm¡‹S>>' CnÝ`mg _| ñÌr-{d_e©

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - II-VII

H$mio nwîncVm {dR²>R>camd_w.nmo.Vm|S>ma

Vm.CXJra {O.cmVya

_{hcm coIZ na {dMma H$aVo g_` ñÌrdmXr {dMma n«dmh H$m g§{já n[aM` nmZm

Amdí`H$ ~Z OmVm h¡& ""Zmar Am§XmocZ dmñVd _| ì`pŠV hmoZo H$m g{cH$m h¡&''1 n« m IoVmZ

H$m `h dmŠ` ñÌrdmXr {dMma n«dmh H$m Ho$ÝX«r` _wX²Xm h¡& ñÌrdmX Zmar H$mo Ho$dc Zmar Ho$ én

_| n«{V{ð>>V H$aZm hr ñÌrdmX h¡& gZ 1940 _| \«|$M co{IH$m gr_m°Z X ~moD$Ama Zo "{X goH§$S>

goŠg' {cIH$a ñÌrdmXr {dMmam| H$s Ztd S>mcr& Ka Ho$ H$m_m| _| ñÌr-nwéf H$s g_mZ ^mJrXmar

hmo& ñÌr H$m n[adma CgH$s ñdV§ÌVm na dma H$aZodmcm Z hmoH$a CgHo$ ì`pŠVËd H$m {dH$mg

H$aZodmcm hmo &

~hþV ~ma ñÌrdmX na Amamon cJm`m OmVm h¡ {H$ `h {dMmaYmam {dXoer h¡& Bg na n«hma

H$aVo hþE n« m IoVmZ H$hVr h¡-""h_| Bg {_WH$ H$mo ^r Vm‹S>>Zm hmoJm H$s ^maV _| ZmardmX EH$

Am`mVrV {dMmaYmam h¡&''

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{OZ H$WmH$mam| Zo g_¥ÜX {H$`m CZ_| __Vm H$m{c`m H$m _hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& __Vm H$m{c`m Zo

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go {H$`m h¡&

__Vm H$m{c`m H$m "Xm¡‹S>>' `h CnÝ`mg gZ 2000 _| n«H$m{eV hþAm h¡ Am¡a `h

__Vm H$m{c`m H$m N>Q>m CnÝ`mg h¡& Bg CnÝ`mg _| Hw$c 95 n¥îR> h¡& Bg{cE Bg "Xm¡‹S>>' H$mo

cKw CnÝ`mg H$ho `m c§~r H$hmZr H$ho `h ~‹S>>m _wíH$sc gdmc h¡& BgH$mo AJa aMZmË_H$

(102)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


X¥{ð> go _yë`m§H$Z H$a| Vmo BgH$m _yë` WmoS>m ^r H$_ Zht hmoVm h¡& __Vm H$m{c`m qhXr

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h¡&

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e{º$emcr ~Zm`m& BgZo ì`mnma n«~ÝYZ H$s {ejm Ho$ Ûma Imoco Am¡a N>mÌ dJ© H$mo ì`mnma

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Adga n«XmZ {H$E& wdm dJ© Zo nwar cJZ Ho$ gmW Bg {g_{g_ Ûma H$mo Imocm Am¡a Bg_|

n«{dîR> hmo J`m& dV©_mZ gXr _| g_ñV AÝ` dmX Ho$ gmW EH$ Z`m dmX n«ma§^ hmo J`m

~mOmadmX Am¡a Cn^moŠVmdmX& BgHo$ A§VJ©V ~rgdr gXr H$m {gYm gmYm IarXXma EH$ MVwa

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Ho$ dV©_mZ _mZ{gH$ ÛÛmo§ go g§M{cV hmoVo hþE {XImB© XoVr h¡& Bg CnÝ`mg _| Xmo nwÌ h¢ 1)

ndZ 2) gKZ Am¡a Xmo nwÌ CnÝ`mg Ho$ Ho$ÝX« h¡& o XmoZm| nwÌ ~hþamîQ´>r` H$ån{Z`m| go Ow‹S>o h¢&

co{H$Z BZHo$ _mVm-{nVm ^r nwamVZnÝWr Zht h¡ ~pëH$ Bcmhm~mX eha Ho$ g§ñH$ma Ed§ gä`Vm

Ho$ gyÌYma h¡& ndZ Am¡a gKZ Ho$ _mVm-{nVm é‹T>>rdmXr Am¡a nwamVZnÝWr Zht h¡, XohmVr ^r

Zht h¡& E_.~r.E. H$s {ejm n«má H$a coZo dmcm ~‹S>m ~oQ>m ndZ AnZr Cƒ{e{jV `mo½`Vm go

g§M{cV hmoH$a Ah_Xm~mX _| Ec.{n.Or. J°g H$ånZr Ho$ _mH}$qQ>J {d^mJ _| Zm¡H$ar n«má H$a

boVm h¡&

CËnmXZ, {dnUZ Am¡a {dH«$` H$s Zr{V`m| H$mo {XZ-amV AZw d H$aZodmcm ndZ AnZo

(103)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Zm_ Ho$ g_mZ hr Cn^moŠVm g§ñH¥${V Ho$ {dYm`H$ VËdm| H$mo AnZo g§ñH$ma~ÜX Ed§ d¡ pŠVH$

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CZH$mo H$moB© nyd©gyMZm {XE ~J¡a hr AnZo {ddmh H$s {V{W V` H$a coVm h¡&

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Xe©Z H$mo ^r A{YH$ geŠV ~ZmZo _| OwQ>m h¡& ndZ AnZr _mVm-{nVm H$s AmH$mjm§Am| H$mo

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H$mo ^r "ì`mdgm{`H$ Zr[V`m| H$m én Xo XoVm h¡& ndZ H$s _m± co{IH$m h¡, Am¡a {nVm nÌH$ma h¡&

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n«H$ma nwamZr {nT>r H$s AnojmE Z`r nr‹T>>r H$s C_§Jm| go Q>H$amH$a H$X_-H$X_ na >Qy>Q>Vr h¡&

~‹S>o ^mB© Ho$ g_mZ hr "H¡$[a`[aÁ_' Ho$ Xe©Z H$m g_W©Z H$aZodmcm gKZ g§JUH$s`

{díd H$m ~mXemh ~ZZo H$s cmcgm _| VmB©dmZ H$s gm°âQ>doAa H$ånZr _| {Z wŠV hmo OmVm h¡&

CgZo Vmo hX hr H$a Xr& Xmo {XZ ~m‹Oma {díd H$m _wwdm`Zm Š`m {H$`m, AnZr {nVm Ho$ OrdZ H$s

VaŠH$s H$s VwcZm ñd § go hr H$aZo cJm&

AHo$conZ Ho$ gmW g~go OmZ codm hmoVo h¡ CXmgr Am¡a namO` ~moY& Bgr CXmgr Am¡a

namO` ~moY Zo aoIm Am¡a amHo$e H$mo AmhV H$a {X`m& ~m‹OmarH$aU Ho$ n[adma na n‹S>>Zo dmco

n« mdm| H$mo X¥{ï>JV H$aVo hþE wdm g_rjH$ H¥$îU _mohZ {cIVo h¡-""{~gdr gXr Ho$ AÝV _|

(104)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


^maVr` g_mO _| g~go Jhao gm§ñH¥${VH$ g§H$Q> H$m Am»`mZ h¡ "Xm¡‹S>>'& h_mam g_mO AmO

E¡go Xmoamho na I‹S>m h¡ Ohm± go EH$ amñVm ~hþamîQ´>r` H$ån{Z`m| H$s Ma_ Cn^moŠVmdmXr

g§ñH¥${V Ho$ AÝYo Hw$E± H$mo OmVm h¡& Vmo Xygam g§ñH$ma, gwajm Am¡a gm_ÝVr gm_wXm{`H$Vm H$s

nwamZr Am¡a Jhar ImB© H$s Am¡a XmoZm| EH$ Xygao H$s H$_Omo[a`m| go VmH$V nmVo h¢& {Vgam amñVm

{_cVm Zht&''2

gM Vmo `h h¡ H$s "Xm‹S>>' AmO Ho$ Cg _Zwî` H$s H$hmZr h¡ Omo ~m‹Oma Ho$ X~md g_yh

CZHo$ namoj-Anamoj _maH$ VZmd, AmH«$_U Am¡a {Z_©_Vm VWm AÝYr Xm¡‹S> _| ZîQ> hmoVo

_Zwî` Ho$ AmgÝZ IVao _| n‹S>o> _Zwî`Ëd H$mo C‹OmJa H$aVr h¡& `h aMZm _Zwî` Ho$ nmañn[aH$

g§~§Ym| H$s naånam Am¡a dV©_mZ H$s OQ>rcVmAm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ {dH$amc hmoVo AÝVamc H$s gwú_

nS>Vmc H$aVr h¡&

__Vm H$m{c`m H$m "Xm¡‹S>>' y_ÊS>crH$aU, ì`mdgm{`H$Vm, AmOr{dH$mdmX, {dkmnZ~mOr,

Cn^moŠVmdmX AmXr Ho$ {_lU go ~Zo _Zwî` H$s H$hmZr ~hþV n« mdr T§>J go n«ñVwV H$aVm h¡&

~oeH$ Bg Xm¡a _| "Xm¡‹S>' Zo Zd-YZmT²>` dJ© H$s Z`r nr‹T>>r Ho$ M[aÌ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go qhXr H$Wm

gm{hË` _| EH$ n«{V_mZ `m {H${V©_mZ H$m`_ {H$`m h¡&

Bg n«H$ma __Vm H$m{c`m H$m ì`pŠVËd g_H$mcrZ _{hcm H$WmH$mam| _| AË §V n« mdemcr

h¡& CÝhm|Zo H$hmZr Ed§ cKw CnÝ`mg Ho$ _mÜ`_ go AZwR>r aMZm-Y{_©Vm H$m gmhg wŠV n«_mU

{X`m h¡& CZHo$ H$Wm gm{hË` Ho$ Ho$ÝX« _| "Zmar' hmoZo Ho$ H$maU CÝhmoZo Zmar õX` H$s nr‹S>>m H$mo

JhamB© go AZw d {H$`m& `hr H$maU h¡ H$s Zmar Ho$ n«{V CËnÝZ hþB© CZH$s Agr_ g§doXZm

H$WmAm| H$m én YmaU H$aVr h¡& CÝhm|Zo AnZo CnÝ`mg _| ^mfm Ho$ {d{dY énm| H$m n« moJ {H$`m

CZH$s CnÝ`mg H$s ^mfm nmÌmZwHy$c, _whmdaoXma Ed§ H$hmdVm| go `wŠV h¡& __Vm H$m{c`m

gmR>moÎma _{hcm gm{hË`H$mam| _| geŠV _{hcm gm{hË`H$ma h¡&g§X^© -1) _{hcm CnÝ`mgH$mam| Ho$ CnÝ`mgm| _| ZmardmXr X¥{ï>-S>m°.A_a Á`mo[V, n¥.H«$.11

2) Xm¡‹S>> (CnÝ`mg) __Vm H$m{c`m, n¥.7,8

(105)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


CËVa AmYw{ZH$Vm Am¡a ZmardmX

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - II-VIII

n«m.ZadmSo> ~mimgmho~ a_oeamdg_mOemñÌ {d^mJ

B§{Xam Jm§Yr darîR> _hm{dÚmc`,{gS>H$mo Zm§XoS>

n«ñVmdZm …

AmYw{ZH$ wJ _| ~XcVr hþB© gm_m{OH$ n[apñW[V`m| _|, {d{^ÝZ {dMmaYmamAm| H$s Vah

EH$ ZB© {dMmaYmam {dH$grV hþB© h¡ {Ogo 'ZmardmXr {dMmaYmam' Ho$ én _| OmZm OmVm h¡ &

ZmardmXr {dMmaYmam H$m g_W©Z, _oardmoc ñQ>moZH«$moßQ>, H¡$Q> {JcoQ>, gwlr ~oQ²>Q>r \«$rS>Z,

gmB_Z-S>r-~rdoAa, AmemamZr ìhmoam VWm S>m°. n« m IoVmZ Am{X`m| Zo {H$`m h¡& Bg {dMmaYmam

_| Zm[a`m| H$mo g_mO _| g_mZ Ý`m` {XcmZo Ho$ {c o hr Zm[a`m| H$s ñdVÝÌVm Ho$ g§~§Y _|

Amdí`H$ A{YH$mam| H$s _m±J H$s OmVr ahr h¡& ZmardmXr Ho$ AÝVJ©V em{_c, _w»` {~ÝXwAm| _|,

(1) Zmar Ho$ A{YH$mam| H$mo _mZdm{YH$ma _mZZm, (2) ñÌr Am¡a nwéf _| g_mZVm cmZm VWm

Zmar H$mo gm_m{OH$ Ý`m` {XcmZm Ed§ (3) naånamJV ~ÝYZm| go _wpŠV {XcmZo H$mo em{_c

{H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& Omo Bg ZmardmXr {dMmaYmam Ho$ n«_wI CÔoí` ^r h¡&

AÜ``Z nÜX[V …

CÔoí` …-

1) ZmardmX H$s AdYmaUm H$m {dícofU H$aZm &

2) ZmardmXr {dMmaYmam H$m {dH$mg OmZZm&

3) CËVaAmYw{ZH$VmdmXr ZmardmX H$mo g_PZm&

4) CËVa AmYw{ZH$VmdmXr ZmardmX _| gpå_[cV VËdm| H$mo g_PZm &

(106)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AZwg§YmZ nÜX[V …-

n«ñVwV emoY {Z~§Y Ho$ {cE {ÛVr` VÏ`m| Ho$ ñÌmoÌm| H$m Cn`moJ {H$`m h¡& {OZ_§o g§X ©

J«§W, n{ÌH$mE± , g_mMma nÌm| Ho$ coI BZH$m AmYma {c`m J`m h¡&

VÏ`m| H$m {dícofU…-

n«ñVwV emoY {Z~§Y Ho$ VÏ`m| Ho$ {dícofU Ho$ {cE Ame` {dícofU ¼Content Analisis½

Bg nÕ{V H$m Adc§~ {H$`m J`m h¡&

_`m©Xm…- `h emoY{Z~§Y nyar Vah go CncãY Xwæ`_ VÏ`m| na AmYm[aV hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Cna

{dícofrV {H$`m hþAm h¡& EH$_mÌ AW© Zht h¡, Bg_o gwYma H$s ^r Amdí`H$Vm hmo gH$Vr h¡&

ZmardmX H$m AW© ¼¼¼¼¼Meaning of feminism½½½½½

ZmardmX H$mo ghr T§>J go g_PZo Ho$ {cE {d[^ÝZ {dMmaH$m| Ûmam ZmardmX H$s n[a^m[fV

H$aZo H$m n« mg {H$`m J`m h¡& ZmardmX H$m VmËn © gm_mÝ`V… Zmar Am¡a nwéf Ho$ _Ü` ha joÌ

_| g_mZVm n«{Vnm{XV H$aZm h¡& Bg {dMmaYmam H$s _mÝ`Vm `h h¡ {H$ Zmar H$mo nwéfm| go {H$gr

^r joÌ _| H$_ Zht Am±H$m OmZm Mm{hE & Am¡a XmoZm| H$mo hr g_mZ A{YH$ma {_cZo Mm{hE& Bg

{dMmaYmam H$m n«{VnmXZ H$aZo H$m n«W_ lo {~«Q>re _{hcm _oardmoc ñQ>moZH«$mßQ> ¼woll stoncraft½

H$mo {X`m OmVm h¡, {OÝhm|Zo AnZr nwñVH$ ‘Vendication of the Right of Women 1978’ _|{cIm h¡ {H$, '' _¡ `h Zht H$hVr {H$ nwéf Ho$ ~Xco A~ ñÌr H$m dM©ñd nwéf na ñWm{nV hmoZmMm{h o& OéaV Vmo Bg ~mV H$s h¡ {H$, ñÌr H$mo ñd § AnZo ~mao _| gmoMZo-{dMmaZo Am¡a {ZU©H$m A{YH$ma {_co&''1 ñQ>moZ H«$mßQ> H$m `h VÏ` hr ZmardmX H$m n«_wI AmYma _mZm J`m h¡&

CnamoŠV n[a^mfm H$m VmËn © `h h¡ {H$, Zmar H$mo g_mO _| gå_mZOZH$ ñWmZ XoVo hþEamOZr[V H$s n[a^mfm H$mo hr ~XcZm hmoJm VWm Zm[a`m| H$s `mo½`Vm, j_Vm H$mo ^r g_PZmhmoJm&''{~«Qo>Z Ho$ Oo.Eg. {_c Zo AnZr nwñVH$, “Subjection of Women 1869” _| gd©n«W_ {H$`mWm& CZHo$ AZwgma ZmardmXr {dMmaYmam _|, ""ñÌr-nwéf Ho$ gå~ÝY H$m AmYma n«o_, gm¡hmX©,

(107)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Am¡a {_ÌVm h¡& ñÌr-nwéf ghMa h¡& H$moB© {H$gr na AnZm n« wËd ñWm{nV Zht H$a gH$Vm&XmoZm| H$mo g_mO _| nyam hH$ {_cm hþAm h¡& AV… ñÌr na nwéf H$m H$moB© dM©ñd ñdrH$ma Zht {H$`mOm gH$Vm h¡&''2 Bg n«H$ma Oo.Eg. {_c Ûmam Zmar H$mo _Vm{YH$ma, {ZU© j_Vm Ho$ g_mZVm H$mg_W©Z {H$`m h¡& Bg{cE BÝho ""Zmar _w{º$ AmÝXmocZ Ho$ n«dV©H$'' ^r _mZm OmVm h¡&

{díd H$s n«W_, ZmardmXr _{hcm {dXwfr ñQ>moZ H«$mßQ> Ûmam Zmar H$s {ejm Adga H$sg_mZVm na ~c {X`m J`m h¡, Bg g§X © _| CÝhmoZo {cIm Wm {H$,"" _{hcmE± ha OJh XwX©em H$s{eH$ma hmo ahr h¡& CZH$s _mgy{_`V ~Zm o aIZo Ho$ ñWmZ na gƒmB© CZgo {N>nmB© OmVr h¡& Am¡aBgHo$ nhco {H$ CZH$m gm_Ï © {dH${gV hmo, CZna EH$ H¥${Ì_ M[aÌ Wmon {X`m OmVm h¡&CZH$m H$m ©joÌ ì`pŠVJV gr_mAm| _| ~±YH$a ah OmVm h¡&''3

dV©_mZ {nV¥gËVmH$ g_mO _| pñÌ`m| Ho$ X¥îQ>rH$moU H$mo ñnï>> H$aVo hþE gwn«{gÜXZmardmXr {dMmaH$ gwlr gmB_Z S>r. ~rdoAa Ûmam {cIrV nwñVH$ ‘Second Sex’ _| H$hm J`mh¡ {H$, '' ñÌr n¡Xm Zht hmoVr ~pëH$ Cgo ~Zm {X`m OmVm h¡&''4 BÝhmoZo ZmardmX Ho$ ~mao _| g¥pîQ>H$m AmYm {hñgm ñÌr _mZm h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma, ''ñÌr Mmho J[a~, A_ra, A{e[jV `m {e{jVhmo, CgH$mo AnZr c‹S>>mB© H$m gm_Zm ñd § H$aZm hmoJm&'' CZHo$ {dMma go Zmar H$mo ñd § ^rAnZo A{YH$mam| H$s c‹S>>mB© ñd § c‹S>Zm Mm{h o, Vm{H$ H$moB© nwéf CZH$m emofU Z H$a gHo$ &

{~«Qo>Z H$s gwn«{gÜX ZmardmXr g_rjH$ H$Q> {_coQ> Zo AnZr nwñVH$ "goŠgwAcnm°{c{Q>Šg'(Sexual Politics 1985) _| nwéf H$s n«YmZVm VWm Zmar Ho$ emofU H$s g_rjm H$sJ`r h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma, ''dV©_mZ ì`dñWm _| Zmar H$s pñW[V H$mo H$_Omoa ~Vm`m J`m h¡ Am¡aCZH$mo nwéfm| H$m Jwcm_ ~ZZo Ho$ {cE {dde {H$`m J`m&''5 Bg ì`dñWm go Zmar H$mo AcJH$aZo H$s Omo {dMmaYmam h¡ CgH$mo hr ZmardmX H$hm J`m h¡&Zmar Ho$ A{YH$mam| H$s g_mZ én go _m±J H$aVo hþE ZmardmXr n«_wI {dMmaH$ gwlr ~oQ²>Q>r \«$rS>ZZo "{X \o${_{ZñQ> {_pñQ>H$' Zm_H$ nwñVH$ _| Zmar Ho$ Ag_mZVm H$m ñn{îQ>H$aU XoVo hþE {cImh¡ {H$, ""n{V H$m nËZr na A{YH$ma ñWm{nV H$aZm VWm CZH$mo Hw$N> H$m_m| VH$ gr{_V H$aZmpñÌ`m| Ho$ n«{V CZH$m _w»` fS²>`ÝÌ h¡&''6

Bg n«H$ma OrdZ Ho$ n«Ë oH$ joÌ _| nwéfm| Ho$ ~am~a pñÌ`m| Ho$ A{YH$mam| Ho$ g_W©Z H$mo

(108)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ZmardmX `m ñÌrdmX H$m Zm_ {X`m J`m h¡& Bg {dMmaYmam H$s CËnpËV _ycV… {nV¥gËVmH$VmAWm©V nwéf-n« wËd H$s n«{V{H«$`m ñdén hþB© h¡& BgH$s n[a^mfm _| Xmo A§J gpå_[cV h¡Ÿ& EH$_{hcmAm| H$m g_mZVm Ho$ {c o {H$`m J`m EH$ gm_m{OH$ Am§XmocZ h¡ Omo qcJdmX {gÜXm§V,AWm©V nwéf n« wËdVm Am¡a gm_m{OH$ emofU H$s n«Wm H$mo g_m{á na ~c XoVm h¡& {dñV¥V AWm}_|, ""_{hcmdmX H$B© {^ÝZ {H$ÝVw AÝVgª~§{YV g§H$ënZmAm| H$m EH$ n§wO h¡ {OgH$m n« moJ qcJH$s gm_m{OH$ `WmW©Vm VWm qcJ Ag_mZVm H$s CËnpËV, n« md Ed§ n[aUm_m| Ho$ AÜ``Z,{dícofU Ed§ {ddoMZ _| {H$`m OmVm h¡&''7 ZmardmX Ho$ {d{^ÝZ CÔoe Am¡a AcJ AcJ H$m ©ñdén Ho$ AmYma na ZmardmX H$s n[a^mfm, n«H$ma, {H$ o JE h¡&

ZmardmX H$s ì`m»`m VrZ T§>J go H$s h¡, `Wm CXa_VdmXr, _mŠg©dmXr Am¡a H«$m§[VH$mar(ao{S>H$c)& ""CXa_VdmXr n[an«oú` Ho$ AZwgma qcJ Ag_mZVm _w»`V… gm_mOrH$aU H$mn[aUm_ h¡ Omo nwéfm| Am¡a pñÌ`m| Ho$ g§~§Y _| ì`pŠV`m| Ho$ {dH¥$V hm{ZH$maH$ {dMmam| H$mo CËnÝZH$aZm h¡& BgHo$ gmW Hw$N> gm§ñH¥${VH$ n«WmE°§ ^r h¡ Omo c¢{JH$ Ag_mZVm Ho$ {c o CËVaXm`r h¡&_mŠg©dmXr n[an«oú` _{hcmdmX H$mo grYo ny§OrdmX VWm {nV¥gËVmH$ ì`dñWm go Om‹S>Vm h¡&ao{S>H$c n[an«oú`m Ho$ AZwgma, qcJ Ag_mZVm Vmo AkmZ VWm ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ A^md Ho$ H$maUAm¡a Z hr ny§OrdmX Ho$ H$maU h¡, A{nVw `h Vmo nwéfm| Ûmam pñÌ`m| na n« wËd, {Z §ÌU Am¡a emofUHo$ CZHo$ gm_y{hH$ n« mgm| H$m n«{V\$c h¡&''8 BgHo$ Acmdm, gZ 1980 Am¡a 1990 Ho$XeH$ _| _{hcm _ycH$ gm_m{OH$ {gÜXm§V na CËVa g§aMZmdmXr Am¡a CËVa-AmYw{ZH$VmdmXr{dícofU H$m n« md n‹S>m h¡&

{gÜXm§VH$mam| H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$, CXma_VdmXr ZmardmX, _mŠg©dmXr ZmardmX, ao{S>H$cZmardmX `h nma§n[aH$ _{hcm _wcH$ {dícofU CËVar A_o[aH$m Am¡a npíM_r yamon H$m ídoV_Ü`_ dJ© H$s _{hcmAm| go âm n‹S>>m h¡& Bg_| {ZåZdJ© Am¡a H$mcr _{hcmAm| H$m Zm_ _mÌ H$mH$hr-H$hr {OH«$ XoIZo H$mo {_cVm h¡& ""ZmardmX H$s `h V¥Vr` cha Zo gmd© m¡{_{VH$ n[an«oú`H$r AdhocZm H$aVo hþE ñWm{ZH$ J[a~, AZwgy{MV Om[V, OZOm[V, ñWcm§Var` Z¥d§{eÒZOm[V BZH$s g_ñ`mAm| H$mo COmJa {H$`m h¡& Bg g§~§Y _| Hw$N> n«H$meZ C„oI{Z` h¡& EZ.

(109)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


MmoS>amo H$s "\o${_ {ZO EÊS> gmBH$moEZoco{Q>H$ {WA°[a'(1989),~rÌ BŠg H$s "\o${_{ZñQ>{WA°[a '(1984), Am¡a gr. doS>m°Z H$s ' \o${_{ZñQ> n«opŠQ>g EÊS> nmoñQ>-ñQ´>ŠMa {cñQ>{WA°[a' (1987)''9 Hw$N> CËVa-AmYw{ZH$ _{hcmdmXr _mZVo h¡ {H$ _{hcm CËnr‹S>Z H$mnmaån[aH$ ñdén AmO ^r AmYw{ZH$ g_mO _| {dÚ_mZ h¡&CËVa AmYw{ZH$Vm Š`m h¡ ?

CËVa AmYw{ZH$Vm H$m CX` 1960 _| hþAm h¡& ë`moQ>mS©> {dMmaH$ Zo AnZr {H$Vm~‘The post modern condition’ _| n{hcr ~ma Bg AdYmaUm H$m n« moJ {H$`m& CZH$mo _mZZmh¡ {H$, 'AmYw{ZH$Vm Zo JcV AmdYmaUmE°§ g_mO {dkmZ _| Mc ahr h¡& o AdYmaUmE°§ dmñV{dH$Z hmoH$a EH$ {_WH$ h¡& n{hcr «_nyU© `m JcV YmaUm Vmo _hmZ d¥VmÝVmo H$s h¡& do~a _mŠg© Am¡aS>aImB©_ Ho$ {gÜXm§V ë`moQ>mS©> H$s X¥{ï> go g¡Õm§[VH$ {_WH$ h¡& ë`mohmS©> Ho$ AZwgma CËVaAmYw{ZH$Vm H$m CÔoí` Bg {_WH$ H$mo Vmo‹S>>Zm h¡& ë`mohmS©>, \y$H$mo, Xo[aXm, ~o{S´>cmS©> Am¡aOo_ogZ, [aQ>Oa `h _w»` CËVa AmYw{ZH$ {dMmaH$ h¡&

CËVa AmYw{ZH$Vm H$s n[a^mfm -{O_ _oã yJZ Zo Bg n«H$ma {H$ h¡, "" CËVa AmYw{ZH$VmEH$ gm§ñH¥$[VH$ Ed§ kmZ {__m§gm H$s Xem h¡, {OgHo$ n[aUm_ ñdén AmYw{ZH$ gm_m{OH$g§ñWmE°§ Xwîn« m{dV hmo OmVo h¡& Am¡a y_§S>cr` g_mO H$s Amoa co OmZo dmcm EH$ wJ AmVmh¡''10

[aMmS©> JmoQ> Ho$ AZwgma, "" CËVa AmYw{ZH$Vm AmYw{ZH$Vm go _wpŠV {XcmZo dmcm EH$ñdén h¡& `h EH$ {dIpÊS>V Am§XmocZ h¡, {Og_| go g¡H$S>m§o \y$c {Ic gH$Vo h¡& CËVaAmYw{ZH$Vm _| ~hþg§ñH¥$[V`m| H$m {Zdmg hmo gH$Vm h¡&''11

ë`moQ>mS©> Ho$ AZwgma, ""CËVa AmYw{ZH$Vm H$s n[a^mfm _hmZd¥ËVmVm| _§o A{dídmgH$aVm h¡& h_§o g\$cVm Ho$ {Icm\$ `wÜX No>‹S>> XoZm Mm[hE& BgH$s Anojm h_mar g{H«$`Vm{d[eîQ>Vm Ho$ n«{V hmoZr Mm{hE'' dmñVd _| CËVa AmYw{ZH$Vm Ho$dc A{YH¥$V ì`pŠV`m| H$mAm¡Oma Zht h¡, BgH$m cú` {d{eîQ>Vm Ho$ n«{V h_o g§doXZerc H$aZm h¡&''12

Á`m§ ~mo{S´>cmS©> H$hVo h¡, ""h_mao {c o Bg g_mO _| `[X Hw$N> ~Mm h¡, Vmo dh IÊS>-IÊS> h¡ Am¡a dh IpÊS>Vm hr CËVa AmYw{ZH$Vm h¡&''13

(110)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


CnamoŠV n[a^mfm H$m AÜ``Z H$aZo go nVm McVm h¡ {H$, CËVa AmYw{ZH$Vm H$s{dMmaYmam dh h¡ Omo AmYw{ZH$Vm Ho$ gmW Ow‹So> hþE g§nyU© gm_m{OH$ ñdénm§o H$mo ÜdñV H$aVm h¡&EH$ n«H$ma go CËVa-AmYw{ZH$Vm, AmYw{ZH$Vm H$mo ZmH$maVr h¡, AñdrH$ma H$aVr h¡&CËVa AmYw{ZH$ pñÌdmX _§o {Z[hV VËdm| H$m {ddoMZ {ZåZ{c[IV én go ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡&1.g_Ýd`dmXr {dMma n«{H«$`m -

AmYw{ZH$VmdmXr ñÌrdmX EH$V\$m© Ho$dc Zmar H$m {dMma Zht H$aVm & `h ñÌrdmXgm_m{OH$ ì`dñWm Ed§ Zmar Ho$ H$V©ì` Am¡a A{YH$mam| _| g_Ýd` n«ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡& Zmar Ho$nmardm[aH$, gm_m{OH$ Ed§ AÝ` joÌm| Ho$ {Oå_oXm[a`m|H$mo {Z^mZo H$m n« mg H$aVm h¡&2.ñÌr Ho$ A{YH$mam| Ho$ gmW gmW H$V©ì` H$mo _hËd-

Zmar H$s n[adma Ho$ A§VJ©V _yc yV Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡, Bg{cE H$V©ì` H$mo ^r Zmar Zo_hËËd XoZm Mm[hE Ÿ& gmW hr n[adma Ho$ n«{V AnZo \$‹O© H$mo ^r Ü`mZ _| aIZm Mm{hE&3.ñÌr-nwéfm| H$mo g_mOì`dñWm _| g_mZ _hËd-

CËVa AmYw{ZH$VmdmXr ñÌrdmX Zmar-nwéf H$s g_mO ì`dñWm Ho$ g§VwcZ Ho$ {cEg_mZ én go g_mZ n«pñW[V, y_rH$m XoZm MmhVm h¡, {Oggo g_mO H$m {dH$mg hmo gHo$&4.gm_m{OH$ gwYmaUm na ~c-

`h ñÌrdmXr gwYmadmXr X¥{ï>H$moU aIZodmcm h¡& n[adV©Z n«{H«$`m _| Bg ñÌrdmX H$m{dídmg h¡&5.ñdV§ÌVm H$mo _hËd-

Bg {dMmaYmam Zo ñdV§ÌVm H$mo _hËd {X`m h¡ co{H$Z ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ Zm_ na g_mOgwYmaUm,g_Ýd`, Ed§ {dH$mg H$mo n«mYmÝ` XoVm h¡&6.`h ñÌrdmX _mZdVmdmX H$m nwañH$ma H$aVm h¡, `h _{hcm H$mo 'ñÌr' Z g_PH$a CgH$sñdV§Ì ì`[ŠV H$s J[a_m H$mo C‹OmJa H$aVm h¡&7.g_mZVm H$m nwañH$ma-

CËVa AmYw{ZH$ {ddmX ha joÌ _| g_mZVm H$m nwañH$ma H$aVm h¡& Zmar _| ^r nwéfm| Ho$g_mZ l_ e{º$ {Z[hV h¡, Cgo ^r g_mZ H$m_ Ho$ {cE g_mZ doVZ H$m yH$VmZ H$aZm Mm[hE&

(111)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


8.JwUdËVm na AmYm[aV l_{d^mOZ-nwéf n«YmZ g_mOì`dñWm _| O¡drH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na l_{d^mOZ {H$`m OmVm h¡,

`h {ZOr njnmVr h¡& Bg{cE Eogo l_ {d^mOZ H$m {damoY H$aHo$ JwUdËVm Ho$ AmYmana Ý`m`rH$l_ {d^mOZ H$m nwañH$ma `h ñÌrdmX H$aVm h¡&9.g_mZ gm_m{OH$ _yë`m| H$m ñdrH$ma-

nwéfn«YmZ g_mO ì`dñWm _| Ag_mZ gm_m{OH$ _yë` {Z[hV h¡& Bg{cE gm_m{OH${df_Vm nZnZo cJVr h¡& g_mO _| g_mZVm n«ñWm{nV H$aZo Ho$ {cE g_mZ gm_m{OH$ _yë`m| H$mogm_m{OH$aU Ûmam g_mO _| cmZo H$m n« mg `h ñÌrdmX H$aVm h¡&10.ZmardmXr gmnoj AdYmaUm…

Bg ñÌrdmX H$m _mZZm h¡ {H$ {Og gm_m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ Zr[V H$m Cn`moJ ì`dñWm _|g§VwcZ, g_m`moOZ VWm OZH$ë`mU Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {cE h¡ CgH$m `h ñÌrdmX ñdrH$ma H$aVmh¡&11.d¡km{ZH$Vm Ho$ gmW gmW VmH$s©H$Vm H$m ^r ñdrH$ma `h ñÌrdmX H$aVm h¡& g_mO _|{dÚ_mZ éT>r`m±, na§nam Ed§ _yë`m| H$m ñdrH$ma {dkmZdmX, ~wÜXr, {ddoH$dmX, Vm{H©$H$Vm Ho$AmYma na H$aHo$ hr CgH$m pñdH$ma H$aZo H$s gcmh XoVm h¡&12.{ddmh Ed§ n[adma H$s ~XbVr AdYmaUm -

CËVa -AmYw{ZH$ ñÌrdmX nwéf n«YmZ g_mO _| Omo n[adma Ed§ {ddmh g§ñWm H$s Omon[a^mfm h¡ dh ~XcH$a nm[adm[aH$ {Oå_oXmar {Z^mZo Ho$ {cE ñÌr-Am¡a nwéf XmoZmo H$mo gh`moJr,g_Ýd`r ghH$m © go H$aZo na Omoa XoVm h¡&13.g_mO g§VwcZ Ho$ nmofU na Omoa-

nwéfn«YmZ g_mO _| "~oQ>m hr d§e H$m Hw$c {XnH$ h¡' Bg «_ Ho$ H$maU AZoH$ b‹S[>H$`m|H$s J © _o§ hr hË`m H$s OmVr h¡ Ÿ& BgH$m {damoY dh ñÌrdmX H$aVm h¡& g_mO _| g§VwcZ cmZo Ho${cE ¥UhË`m {damoYr Am§XmocZ H$m nwañH$ma `h pñÌdmX H$aVm h¡&14.nwéf g_W©H$ nma§nm[aH$ g_mO ì`dñWm _| n[adV©Z H$m ñdrH$ma

CËVa AmYw{ZH$ ñÌrdmX Zmar Ho$ Xmo`_ n[apñW[V Ho$ {Oå_oXma gmYZm|, _yë`m| H$m

(112)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AñdrH$ma H$aVm h¡& nwéf H$mo {damoY H$a Ho$ CZH$m Ûof H$a Ho$ Hw$N> hm{gc Zht hmoZodmcm h¡&Bg{cE Zmar Am¡a nwéf XmoZmo H$mo EH$ g§VwcZ n«dmh _| gpå_[cV H$aZo na `h ñÌrdmX ~c XoVmh¡&15.Cn^moJVmdmXr X¥{ï>H$moU H$m {damoY-

""CËVa AmYw{ZH$ ñÌrdmXr {dMmaH$ Cn^moŠVmdmXr X{ï>H$mU _| n[adV©Z cmZo H$mg_W©Z H$aVm h¡& ñÌr`m| H$mo "Cn^moJ dñVw' Z g_PH$a Cgo EH$ ì`{º$ _mZZo na Omoa XoVm h¡&`h na§namJV ZO[a`m± ~XcZo Ho$ {cE `h ñÌrdmX n« mg H$aVm h¡&gmam§e,

CnamoŠV {dícofU H$m gma `h h¡ [H$ CËVa AmYw{ZH$ ñÌrdmX EH$ g_Ýd`dmXr, ñÌr-nwéf _| EH$Vm {Z_m©U H$aZo Ho$ {cE d§{MV ñÌr g_wh VH$ g_mZVm Ho$ {dMma H$mo n«gm[aV H$aVmh¡ & CZHo$ A{YH$ma CÝho n«XmZ H$a Ho$ ñÌr-nwéfm| _| g_Ýd` n«XmZ H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& Omo _mZdVm Ho${cE {hVH$mar h¡, CgH$m ñdrH$ma H$aVm h¡ & {df_Vm oX^md, Cn^moJ n«d¥[Îm _| ~Xcmd cmH$a_mZd H$ë`mU na Omoa XoZodmcr {dMmaYmam h¡&g§X^© J«§W gyMr -1.añVmoJr Ama Ho$, "[c§J Ed§ g_mO', g§Ord n«H$meZ, _oaR> (n¥.H«$.32)2.dhr,- (n¥.H«$.33)3.dhr,- (n¥.H«$.33)4.dhr,- (n¥.H«$.34)5.dhr,- (n¥.H«$.35)6.dhr,- (n¥.H«$.35)7.amdV h[aH¥$îU, (2005), "g_mO emñÌr` {dídH$moe', amdV npãcHo$eZ, O`nwa, (n¥.H«$.130)8.dhr,- (n¥.H«$.131)9.dhr,- (n¥.H«$.132)10.Eg.Ec.Xmofr,"CƒVa g_mOemñÌr` {gÜXm§V', amdV npãcHo$eZ, O`nwa, Ed§ ZB© {Xbr (n¥.H«$.235)11.g_mOemñÌ g¡ÜXm§{VH$ n[an«oú`12.dhr,- (n¥.H«$.273)13.Xmofr Eg.Ec.,"AmYw{ZH$Vm, CËVa-AmYw{ZH$Vm Ed§ Zd g_mOemñÌr` {gÜXm§V', amdV npãcHo$eZ, O`nwa,Ed§ ZB© {X„r (n¥.H«$.228)14.R>mHw$a gw§Xaqgh,"g_mOemñÌ', {Z_©c n«H$meZ, Zm§XoS>, (n¥.H«$.208)

(113)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ñÌr {d_ím© Ho$ n[an«oú` _| "eof mÌm' H$m _Zmod¡km{ZH$ AZwímrcZ

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - II-IX

S>m°. g§Xrn lram_ nmB©H$amd B§{Xam Jm§Yr _hm{dÚmc`,{gS>H$mo, Zm§Xo‹S>

_Zwî` OrdZ go g§~§{YV g_ñV _mZ{gH$ {H«$`m-H$cmn gm{hË` _| AmVo h¢, Omo_Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ {cE AÜ``Z Ho$ {df` aho h¢& gm{hË` Mmho gm_m{OH$, Ym{_©H$, gm§ñH¥${VH$,amOZ¡{VH$ Ed§ d¡km{ZH$ VWm {H$gr ^r H$mo{Q> H$m hmo, Cg_| _Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ VÎd ì`má hmoVo hr h¡§&\«$m`S> Ho$ AZwgma, _mZd Ho$ AMoVZ _| X~r dmgZmE± O~ A{^ì`pŠV Ho$ hoVw ì`mHw$c hmoVr h¡,V~ AnZo dmñV{dH$ ê$n _| n«H$Q> Z hmoH$a Cggo CXmÎmrH¥$V ê$n _| ~XcH$a Ed§ n«VrH$m| Ho$ê$n _| A{^ì`ŠV hmoVr h¡& w§J Ho$ _VmZwgma H$mì`, H$cm Am¡a gm{hË` H$s aMZmE± {Z…g§Xoh{MpÎm` {H«$`mE± h¢& H$mì`, gm{hË` Ed§ H$cm aMZmH$ma Ho$ {MÎm H$s A§Vd©ñVw H$s A{^ì`pŠVh¡&amoOg© Zo _Zmo{dícofUnaH$ {gÕm§V _| g§Ho$V {X`m h¡ {H$, EH$ ì`pŠV H$mo BÝgmZ ~ZZo H$sn«{H$`m _| AcJ-AcJ gmonmZm| go JwµOaZm n‹S>Vm h¡& AV¥{á, dmgZm, AmdoJ, AmË_-{dícofU,n«o_ H$s AmHw$cVm Am¡a ì`pŠVËd {Z_m©U H$s ~cdVr BÀN>m _Zmo{dícofUmË_H$ AÜ``Z Ho$Ac{jV gmonmZ h¡& ^co hr _Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$mo{Q> _| Cfm Or H$m CnÝ`mg g§gma Zht AmVm,naÝVw Cfm Or Ho$ CnÝ`mg gm{hË` _| _Ü`dJ© H$s H$m_-^mdZm, {d{^ÝZ _ZmoJ«§{W`m±, g§Ìmg,{deofV… Zmar _Z H$m ~‹S>m hr gyú_ Ed§ AË §V JhZ {MÌU hþAm h¡& _Zwî` Ho$ _mZ{gH$ g§doJ,Am§V[aH$ AZw y{V`m±, AV¥á dmgZmE±, {XdmñdßZ, Agm_mÝ` ì`dhma, Ah§, Hw$ÊR>m, A§VÛªÛ,_mZ{gH$ CbPZ, é½UVmOÝ` g§Ìmg, Am{X _Zmod¡km{ZH$ VËdm|| H$m {dícofUnaH$ AÜ``ZCfm Or Ho$ "eof `mÌm' _| hþAm h¡&

_Zwî` Ho$ dV©Z H$m _yc H$m_-^mdZm h¡& Bî`m©, Ûof, _Ëga, AnamY, Ag§Vmof,{VañH$ma, ñdoÀN>mMma Am{X H$m g_mdoe dV©Z _| hmoVm h¡& dñVwV… H$m_ _Zwî` H$s _yc yVAmdí`H$Vm h¡& ^maVr` g§ñH¥${V _o§ H$m_ H$mo nwéfmW© Ho$ _hÎdnyU© gmonmZ H$m XOm© n«má hþAm h¡&naÝVw nmíMmË` gä`Vm go n« m{dV _Ü`dJu` H$m_ ^mdZm _| n`m©á n[adV©Z hþAm h¡, Omo MMm©

(114)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$m {df` Zht Wm& Cg na _Ü`dJu` ñÌr-nwéf IwcH$a MMm© H$a aho h¢& H$m_ H$s V¥{á go_Zwî` ñdñÏ` Ed§ _Z n«\w${„V ahVm h¡, Vmo AV¥{á go OrdZ Aem§V ~Z OmVm h¡& "eof `mÌm'CnÝ`mg H$s S>m°. {d^m H$m H$WZ _Ü`dJu` Zmar H$s H$m_ AV¥{á H$m ~`mZ H$aVm h¡, ""AÀNo>Ka, {_`m± Am¡a ~ƒm| Ho$ ~mdOyX ^r Vmo EH$ Am¡aV H$mo Hw$N> Imcr-Imcr cJ gH$Vm h¡&''1

H$m_-AV¥{á go ì`pŠV _mZ{gH$ amoJ H$m {eH$ma ~Z OmVm h¡& CnÝ`mg H$s nmÌH$saV Hw$N> Eogr hr _mZ{gH$ amoJ H$s {eH$ma ~Z JB© h¡& n{V Ho$ Ka na Zht ahZo na Cgo ZtXH$s Jmocr H$m ghmam coZm n‹S>Vm h¡& dh AnZr Bg Xem H$mo ñd § CnÝ`mg H$s Zm{`H$m AZw Ho$g_j ñnï> H$aVr h¡, ""YZamO Ho$ OmZo Ho$ ~mX em_ ~rVVr hr Zht, Z amV H$mo ZtX AmVr h¡&_wPo AnZo ~Jc _| YZamO H$m eara amoµO Mm{hE& O~ dh Zht hmoVm Vmo Jmocr ImH$a gmoZmn‹S>Vm h¡&""2 {Z…g§Xoh Bg_| co{IH$m A{YH$ g_` VH$ {dXoe _| ahZo Ho$ H$maU dhm± H$s goŠg^mdZm H$m n« md PcH$Vm h¡&

CnÝ`mg H$m Zm`H$ S>m°. n«Ud ñd § H$m_ AV¥{á H$m {eH$ma h¡& CgH$s H$m_-^mdZm{H$gr EH$ gå~ÝY go V¥á Zht hmoVr& AV… H$m_ V¥{á H$s Vcme _| ZE gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVmh¡& ZB©-ZB© Zg], ZraOm, S>m°. {d^m, Z{_Vm Am{X Ho$ gmW CgHo$ gå~ÝY aho h¢& CgH$s AV¥{áCgHo$ AmMaU _| AZw AZw d H$aVr h¡& ""dh n«Ud, Omo Xoa VH$ Cgo ghcmVm, XwcmaVm ahVmWm, Bg dŠV H$hm± Imo J`m Wm! ah J`m Wm EH$ nwéf _mÌ, {OgH$m Aì`ŠV amof, Am¡a E|R>VrhþB© VmH$V dh _hgyg H$a ahr Wr, na {OgH$m H$maU OmZZo _| dh Ag_W© Wr&""3

CnÝ`mg H$s Z{_Vm n{V Ho$ AmË_hË`m H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² H$m_ V¥{á H$s Vcme H$aVrahVr h¡& Amñ_m Ho$ Ka ahVo EH$ {XZ n«Ud O~ amV Ho$ {cE ê$H$Vm h¡, Vmo Z{_Vm MwnMmnCgHo$ nmg AmH$a gmoVr h¡& n«Ud gmoMVm h¡, ""AJa H$moB© ñÌr amV Ho$ A±Yoao _| EH$ An[a{MVnwéf Ho$ nmg AmH$a coQ> JB© h¡, Vmo `h Cg ñÌr H$s AnZr µOê$aV, AnZr {Oµå_oXmar h¡&""4

Z{_Vm na d¡g¡ H$moB© X~md Zht h¡, Am¡a Zm hr CgH$s H$moB© {ddeVm h¡& n«Ud Am¡a Z{_Vm _mÌH$m_ V¥{á Ho$ {cE gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVo h¢& ""Z H$moB© Anojm, Z H$moB© A{YH$ma& H$^r gámh_| H$B© {XZ gmW ~rVVo, H$^r {~Zm {_co hâVo {ZH$c OmVo& {_cZo na Z AnamY-^mdZm, Z½cm{Z& Ho$dc EH$ ghO, gm_mÝ` ^md, Hw$N> ~m±Q>Zo Am¡a ~±Q>m coZo H$s AZw y{V, Jhao ~±YZo H$m

(115)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Z n«Ud Ho$ nmg g_` h¡, Z A{^ê${M Am¡a Z{_Vm H$mo ^r `hr R>rH$ cJVm hmoJm&""5

n«U` gå~ÝYr {eH$m`V|, AñdrH¥${V VWm {ddmh~mø a{V H$s BÀN>m ñÌr-nwéf Ho$d¡dm{hH$ OrdZ _| O{Q>cVmE± {Z_m©U H$aVr h¡& {dJV B{Vhmg, ì`pŠVËd AWdm ñd^md c¢{JH$OrdZ H$mo n« m{dV H$aVm h¡& "eof `mÌm' CnÝ`mg _| n«Ud H$s ñdÀN§>X `m¡Z cmcgm Ho$ H$maUn«Ud Am¡a AZw H$m XmånË` OrdZ ZaH$ Ho$ g_mZ ~Z OmVm h¡& Š`m|{H$ AZw _| Xmof hr Xmof{XIZo cJVo h¢& AnZo d¡dm{hH$ OrdZ H$s ÌmgXr AZw CnÝ`mg _| {Xì`m Ho$ gå_wI ~`mZH$aVr h¡, ""_¢ Vmo AnZo nËZrËd _| Sy>~r Wr, na em`X n«Ud H$m EH$ hr ñÌr go H$m_ ZhtMcVm& em`X _¢Zo H$^r n«Ud H$mo g_Pm hr Zht, OmZm hr Zht& H$^r `h Zht gmoMm {H$ Xmc-gãOr Am¡a eara go nao ^r H$moB© Am¡a Mmh hmoVr h¡& n«Ud H$s dh _mZ{gH$ ß`mg _¢ em`X Zht~wPm gH$s&""6

X{_V ^mdZmE± _Zwî` Ho$ AMoVZ _Z _| g§J«{hV hmoVr ahVr h¡& Bgr go _ZmoJ«§{W`m| H$mOÝ_ hmoVm h¡& Omo _Zwî` Ho$ AmMaU Ed§ dV©Z H$mo {Za§Va n« m{dV H$aVr ahVr h¡& ì`pŠV H$mo_mZ{gH$ ê$n go amoJr ~ZmZo dmcr ^r `hr _ZmoJ«§{W`m± hmoVr h¢& _ZmoJ«§{W`m| Ho$ H$maU hr H$^r-H$^r _Zwî` H$m ñdmñÏ`, em§{V, gwI Zï> hmoH$a _Zwî` AñdñW, Aem§V VWm Xw…Ir ~Z OmVmh¡& _ZmoJ«§{W`m± {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ n«H$ma H$s hmoVr h¢ VWm CgHo$ {Z_m©U _| {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ _mZ{gH$CcPZ, {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ {dMma H|$X« _| hmoVo h¢& n«Ë oH$ ì`pŠV Ho$ AMoVZ _Z _o Bg n«H$ma H$sJ«§{W`m± hmoVr h¢, Omo {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ Adgam| na OmJ¥V hmoVr h¡ VWm _Zwî` Ho$ AmMaU H$mo n«Ë`j-An«Ë`j n« m{dV H$aVr h¡&

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(116)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


M§{X«H$m Ho$ AmH$f©U _| n«Ud AZw H$mo N>mo‹S>Zo H$m {ZU© coVm h¡& BgHo$ {cE AZw AnZo AmnH$mo{Oµå_oXma g_PZo cJVr h¡& dh H$hVr h¡, ""n«Ud H$s dh _mZ{gH$ ß`mg _¢ em`X Zht ~wPmgH$s&""7 hrZVm H$m ^md Cgo {Zhm`V AHo$cm Am¡a AmH«$§mV H$aVm h¡& gX_| go O~ dh ~ohmoehmoVr h¡ Vmo Á`moËg³m Am¡a S>m°ŠQ>a nQo>c AñnVmc nhþ±MVo h¢ {H$ÝVw Cgo cJVm h¡ {H$, ""\$m±grcJmH$a _aZo H$s gw{dYm ^r N>rZ cr&""8 AñnVmc _| S>m°ŠQ>a JwS>_¡Z ghmZw y{V n«H$Q> H$aVohþE Cgo H$hVo h¢, {H$ _¢ Vwåhmar _XX H$aZm MmhVm hÿ±& AmH«$m§V AZw H$hVr h¡ {H$, ""ImH$_XX H$ao§Jo! H$m¡Z _XX H$a gH$Vm h¡! dh _oam AnZm Xw…I h¡, _oam AnZm n«mBdoQ> Xw…I& _oar{~ëHw$c {ZOr hma& Mya-Mya hmoH$a {~Ia OmZo H$s hma&""9 hrZVm H$s J«§{W AZw H$mo {d{já ~ZmXoVr h¡& dh ñd § _hgyg H$aVr h¡ dh nmJc hmo ahr h¡& Cgo cJVm h¡, ""{H$VZm M¡Z h¡& {H$VZmAÀN>m h¡ nmJc hmo OmZm& H$moB© {Oµå_Xo mar Zht, Hw$N> ^r H$amo MrImo, {M„mAmo, amoAmo, JmAmo -H$moB© {Oµå_oXmar Zht& H$n‹So> \$m‹S>H$a \o§$H$ Xmo, Amgnmg H$s gmar Xw{Z`m Vhg-Zhg H$a Xmo,H$moB© _ma-{nQ>mB© Zht, H$moB© gµOm Zht, AHo$co H$_a| _| ~§X hmoZo Ho$ {gdm&""10 Bg n«H$ma H$mAZw H$m gmoMZm Cg_| {Z{_©V hrZVm Ho$ ^md H$mo n«H$Q> H$aVm h¡&

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(117)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(118)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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15. dhr, n¥.55

(119)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(120)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(121)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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H$aVm h¡& gË` ^r h¡ {H$, ''\$Q>r hmc OZVm H$m XwI Am¡a emofU _wpŠV~moY Ho$ H$mì` H$m n«_wI

(122)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$Ï` h¡& ha dJ© Ho$ emofU H$m S>amdZm ê$n CZH$s H${dVm _| ì`ŠV h¡&''3

CZHo$ H$mì` _| {M{ÌV ny±±±OrdmXr dJ© Y{ZH$ Am¡a Y{ZH$ hmoVm Om ahm h¡ Am¡a {ZåZ dJ©

Ho$ ImZo Ho$ ^r cmco h¢& {ZåZ dJ© H$m n«Ë oH$ ì`pŠV ~Xhmcr, ~o~gr Ed§ cmMmar go n[anyU©

OrdZ OrZo Ho$ {cE {dde h¡& EH$ g§doXZerc H${d ~oM¡Z h¡ n[apñW{V`m| _| n[adV©Z Ho$ {cE&

A^md H$s namH$mð>m X¥ï>ì` h¡,

''{OÝXJr H$m Ka Q>nH$Vm, ^moJVr Xrdma!

{hQ> Ho$ Jìham| _|

H«w$ÜX hmoH$a Kwg n‹S>r A{Zdma

Jrcr ~mg R>ÊSo> n§I, g‹S>Vo _yfH$m| H$s,

H$sM‹S> go ì`{WV `h amV H$mcr,

{Mn{MnmVr amh,

g~H$mo ~m±±±YVr h¡ EH$

Yw§Ycr {Q>_{Q>_mVr _mJ©Xeu EH$ cm¡ H$s Mmh&''4

ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ {H$ `h H«y$a `WmW© _Z _| Ag§Vmof Am¡a Mr‹T> {Z_m©U H$aoJr hr& _mŠg©dmXr

AmcmoMZm H$s X¥{ï> _| ^r dhr gm{hË` CËH¥$ï> hmoVm h¡ {Og_| g_mO Ho$ emo{fV dJ© H$m g_W©Z

VWm dJ©hrZ g_mO H$s ñWmnZm na Omoa {X`m J`m hmo& `h ~hþV ~‹S>m gM h¡ {H$ dV©_mZ

emofUm{Y{ð>V ì`dñWm _| A{YH$m§e cmoJ emo{fV h¢, {OZ na _wQ²>R>r â emgH$ (emofH$) emgZ

H$a aho h¢& gm{hË` go nmR>H$m| H$m VmXmËå` Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {cE Oê$ar h¡ {H$ aMZmH$ma CZHo$

(emo{fVm|) _mZg H$s A{^ì`pŠV H$ao& _wpŠV~moY H$m ñdßZ ^r emofU_wŠV, dJ©hrZ g_mO H$m

{Z_m©U H$aZm hr Wm Am¡a `h V^r g§ d h¡ O~ gd©hmam dJ© AnZo hH$ Ed§ A{YH$mam| Ho$ n«{V

gMoV hmoJm VWm ny±OrdmXr ì`dñWm Ho$ {dê$X²Y H«$m§{V H$s AmdmO ~wc§X H$aoJm& _wpŠV~moY

gd©hmam dJ© H$mo hmaVm hþAm Zht XoIZm MmhVo, do CÝh| H«$m§{V H$s n«oaUm XoVo h¢, Š`m|{H$

''gm_m{OH$ OrdZ H$s emoMZr` AdñWm H$mo H«$m§{V Ûmam hr ~Xcm Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a H«$m§{V Ûmam

hr EH$ dJ©-{dhrZ g_mO H$s ñWmnZm hmo gH$Vr h¡&''5

(123)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Bgr{cE _wpŠV~moY Ho$ H$mì` H$m H|$X« q~Xw ^r ny±OrdmXr ì`dñWm X²dmam Cno{jV, nr{‹S>V

VWm nXX{cV gd©hmam dJ© hr h¡ Omo AnZo g§nyU© gwI-XwI, nr‹S>m, ì`Wm Ed§ doXZm g_oV

gm{hË` _| {M{ÌV hþAm h¡, {OgH$m hr AmJ«h _mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMZm ^r H$aVr h¡& CZHo$ H$mì`

_| Am`m gd©hmam dJ©-{Ogo IwcH$a OrZo H$s ñdV§ÌVm Zht, Omo ny±Orn{V`m| Ho$ X~md Vco BVZm

X~m hþAm h¡ {H$ {OZHo$ {cE MrIZm ^r XwñgmÜ` h¡& _wpŠV~moY H$s nyar ghmZw y{V gm_mÝ` OZ

Ho$ {cE h¡& EH$ ñWmZ na CÝhm|Zo gd©hmam dJ© H$s VwcZm ~§YZ wŠV Myho go H$s h¡ Omo ny±Orn{V

Ho$ Omc _| H¡$X hmoH$a _wŠVhrZ ah OmVm h¡& CZHo$ H$mì` _| gd©hmam dJ© H$s nr‹S>m, A^mdJ«ñVVm

_mZmo Ord§V hmo CR>r h¡,

''...n[aË`ŠV AnZm|-gm cJVm ahVm dh

AYZ§Jr _m±, Z§Jo ~ƒo

Yw§Y âr n«mV… go hr gXu H$s F$Vw H$mo

~~yc no‹S>m| Ho$ ZrMo ImoOZo AÝZ Ho$

XmZo, {MW‹So> Am{X dñVwE±...''6

qH$Vw _wpŠV~moY AnZr A{YH$m§e H${dVmAm| _| n«Vm{‹S>V, {Z…ghm` VWm {Zam{lV

gd©hmam Ho$ n«{V Ho$dc ghmZw y{V hr n«H$Q> Zht H$aVo ~pëH$ CZH$m CX²Yma ^r H$aZm MmhVo h¢&

_mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMZm aMZm H$s WmoWr H$cmË_H$Vm, gOYO H$s Anojm {df`-dñVw

H$mo n«YmZVm XoVr h¡& BZH$m _mZZm h¡ {H$ {Og gm{hË`H$ma Ho$ nmg Cƒ H$mo{Q> Ho$ {dMma Zht h¢,

`WmW© H$m Jham kmZ Zht h¡, dh {g\©$ H$cm H$mo {ZImaZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aHo$ CËH¥$ï> gm{hË`

Zht aM gH$Vm& _wpŠV~moY H$mì` OJV _| EH$ cú` H$mo gm_Zo aIH$a Mco h¢ Am¡a dh h¡

g_mOdmX-gmå`dmX H$s ñWmnZm& Bgr{cE CÝht {df`m| H$s n«ñVw{V H$s Omo Bg_| ghm`H$

hmoVr hm|& _mÌ Omo H$hm nyar gƒmB©, B©_mZXmar Ed§ {ZûH$Vm Ho$ gmW, {\$a Mmho dh ny±Orn{V`m|

H$s H«y$aVm hmo `m emo{fVm| H$s emofH$ dJ© Ho$ n«{V Mr‹T> `m doí`mAm| H$m _{cZ wŠV OrdZ, H$ht

H$ënZm H$m n« moJ Zht ~pëH$ `WmW© H$s R>mog O_rZ na I‹So> hmoH$a& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ do

ny±Orn{V`m| H$mo Mmoa, S>mHy$, Xñ y, H$mcm ñ`mh ZmJ, e¡VmZ VWm Mmoa H$hZo go ^r Zht MyH$Vo&

(124)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


CZH$s `hr VmH$V CÝh| AÝ` gm{hË`H$mam| go AcJmVr h¡& CZHo$ H$mì` _| ì`ŠV doí`mAm| Ho$

Xw m©½`nyU© OrdZ H$m H$Qw> gË` Xo{IE,

''{H$am o na _wgH$amVr

H$m{_Zr ñÌr Ho$

wamnr`Z n¡ÊQ>m| Ho$ ~Q>Z M_H$Vo- go cJVo Wo

H$m_wH$-Bemam|-go&''7

''_mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMH$ dÊ © {df` H$s Vah e¡cr Am¡a ^mfm H$mo ^r OZdmXr ~ZmZo H$m

g_W©H$ h¡& ^mfm H$s AË`{YH$ H$mo_cVm Am¡a {_R>mg H$mo n«J{VdmXr gm_m{OH$ èhmg H$m {Mh³

_mZVm h¡&''8 ^mfm Am¡a e¡cr Ho$ g§X © _| `{X _wpŠV~moY Ho$ H$mì` na X¥{ï> S>mcr OmE Vmo `h

ñnï> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ^mfmB© AmS§>~a Vmo CZHo$ H$mì` _| ^r Zht h¡ Š`m|{H$ do AnZr ~mV grYo-grYo

OZ VH$ nhw±MmZm MmhVo Wo, co{H$Z H$ht-H$ht na CZHo$ X²dmam n«`wŠV q~~ {dYmZm| (Omo

An[a{MV go cJVo h¢) Ho$ H$maU ^mfm pŠbï> n«{VV hmoZo cJr h¡ {Oggo ^md-g§n«ofU _| ~mYm

{Z{_©V hþB© h¡&

na BVZm gË` Adí` h¡ {H$ _mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMH$m| H$s Vah do ^r gm{hË` H$m CX²Xoí`

AmZ§X AWdm _Zmoa§OZ H$mo Zht _mZVo& do 'H$cm H$cm Ho$ {cE' Zht, 'H$cm OrdZ Ho$ {cE' H$m

g_W©Z H$aVo h¢& gm{hË` Ho$ CX²Xoí` na n«H$me S>mcVo hþE EH$ ñWmZ na do ñd § n«íZ CR>mVo

h¢ {H$, ''Š`m coIH$ Ho$ {cE na_ Amdí`H$ Zht h¡ {H$ dh {díd OZVm Ho$ Aä wËWmZ H$mo XoIo

Am¡a g_mO H$m CËnr‹S>Z H$aZo dmcr VmH$Vm|, epŠV`m| go gMoV hmo Am¡a CgHo$ n«{V {dX«moh

H$aZo dmcr VmH$Vm| go g[H«$` ghmZw y{V aI|?''9 CZHo$ Bg H$WZ go ñnï> h¡ {H$ do H$cm _|

gm¢X © H$m {ZfoY Zht H$aVo qH$Vw do CgH$m ì`mnH$ CX²Xoí` {díd H$s emo{fV OZVm H$mo g^r

n«H$ma go _wpŠV {XcmZm MmhVo h¢& gm{hË` Ho$ cú` H$s `h KmofUm _wpŠV~moY H$mo ghr AWm}§ _|

gm{hË`H$ma Ho$ ê$n _| Jm¡ad n«XmZ H$aVr h¡&

AZoH$ {dX²dmZm| X²dmam _mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMZm na `h Amamon cJm`m OmVm h¡ {H$ dh

EH$m§Jr h¡ Š`m|{H$ Cg_| Ho$dc dJ© g§Kf© H$s hr ~mV H$s OmVr h¡& Bg Amamon go _mÌ _wpŠV~moY

(125)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$m H$mì` _wŠV h¡& Š`m|{H$ {df` {d{dYVm Ho$ Xe©Z CZHo$ H$mì` _| h_| hmoVo h¢& CZH$s Ako

X²dmam g§nm{XV 'VmagáH$' _| g§H${cV H${dVmE±± Ed§ 'Mm±±X H$m _w±±h Qo>‹T>m h¡' _| g§H${cV 25

c§~r H${dVmE±± BgH$m n«_mU h¡& {ZpíMVV… CÝhm|Zo Eogm H$mì` aMm Omo H«$m§{V H$s n«oaUm XoZodmcm VWm

~oOw~mZ H$mo AmdmO XoZodmcm h¡& CZH$m g§nyU© H$mì` g_mO n[adV©Z Ho$ {cE n«o[aV H$aZodmcm h¡&

AnZo H$mì` Ho$ _mÜ`_ go do h_oem gm{hË` OJV _| A_a ah|Jo, Bg_| g§Xoh Zht&

{ZîH$f©V… Hw$N> q~Xw CâVo h¢ …

1. _mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMZm Ho$ {Z`m_H$ VËd _wpŠV~moY Ho$ H$mì` _| ñnï> c{jV hmoVo h¢&

2. _mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMH$m| H$s Vah _wpŠV~moY Ho$ H$mì` H$m CX²Xoí` g_mO n[adV©Z hr h¡&

3. X{cV, nr{‹S>V gd©hmam dJ© BZHo$ gm{hË` H$m H|$X« q~Xw h¡, _mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMZm `hr

Ano{jV H$aVr h¡&

4. X²d§X²dmË_H$ ^m¡{VH$dmX Am¡a dJ©g§Kf© BZHo$ H$mì` H$m n«mUq~Xw h¡&

5. 'H$cm OrdZ Ho$ {cE' Bg YamVc na _mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMZm Am¡a _wpŠV~moY _| gmå h¡&

6. 'gm{hË` Cn`mo{JVm H$m _mÜ`_ h¡' _mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMZm H$s Vah _wpŠV~moY ^r BgH$m

g_W©Z H$aVo h¡§&

7. ny±OrdmXr ì`dñWm Ho$ n«{V Vrd« AmH«$moe _wpŠV~moY Ho$ H$mì` Am¡a _mŠg©dmX XmoZm| _|

{XImB© XoVm h¡&

8. _mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMZm H$s Vah _wpŠV~moY H$m H$mì` EH$m§Jr Zht h¡&g§X^©gyMr …1. _wpŠV~moY aMZmdcr… n«W_ IÊS>, ho n«Ia gË` EH$, n¥.1932. _wpŠV~moY Ho$ H$mì` _| _mŠg©dmXr MoVZm… S>m°.na~V qgh g_moaoH$a, n¥.253. qhXr H$s _mŠg©dmXr H${dVm … S>m°. gånV R>mHw$a, n¥.1624. _wpŠV~moY aMZmdcr … n«W_ IÊS>, H$ï> Am¡a g³oh, n¥.124-255. _mŠg©dmX Am¡a qhXr H${dVm… S>m°. ^ŠVam_ e_m©, n¥.456. _wpŠV~moY aMZmdcr… n«W_ IÊS>, ho n«Ia gË` … Xmo, n¥.1967. _wpŠV~moY aMZmdcr… {ÛVr` IÊS>, ~mah ~Oo amV Ho$, n¥.278. AmYw{ZH$ g_rjm… S>m°.^JdËñdê$n {_l, n¥.204

9. _wpŠV~moY H$s g_rjm X¥{ï> … n«o_d«V {Vdmar, n¥.25

(126)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AmÚ{~å~mË_H$ AmcmoMZm Ho$ n[an«oú` _| _wpŠV~moY H$s H${dVm

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - III-II

S>m°. g§Vmof {dO` oamdma XoJcya _hm{dÚmc`,XoJcya

AmYw{ZH$ wJ _| d¡km{ZH$ VWm ZE Xme©{ZH$ gån«Xm`m| Ho$ CX` Zo gm{hpË`H$ g_rjH$m|

H$mo na§namJV AmcmoMZm Ho$ ñdén _| n[adV©Z Ho$ {cE n«o[aV {H$`m& ñdén n[adV©Z H$s n«{H«$`m

_| AmcmoMZm `m Vmo nyU©V… BVa AZwemgZm| Ho$ n«Ë``m| H$s AZwJm_r hmo J`r AWdm BVa

AZwemgZm| Ho$ n«Ë`` AmcmoMZm H$s _yc yV n«H¥${V Ho$ AZwén T>c JE& BZ_| go nhco én _|

AmcmoMZm AnZr ñdm`ËVVm Imo ~¡R>r, O~{H$ Xygao én _| CgH$m {dH$mg-nW n«eñV hmo

J`m&'1 Bgr{cE [aMS©>g Zo AmcmoMZm H$mo _Zmod¡km{ZH$ YmaUmAm| _| OH$‹S>Zo H$s pñW{V na

_Zmod¡km{ZH$ YmaUmAm| H$mo AmcmoMZm Ho$ AZwemgZ _| T>mcZo H$m n« mg {H$`m&

AmÚ{~å~ H$s wJrZ YmaUm na AmYm[aV AmcmoMZm H$mo AmÚ{~å~mËH$ AmcmoMZm _|

{H$gr ^r H¥${V H$s g_rjm Ho$ {cE H¥${VH$ma Ho$ g_J« g¥OZ na {dMma H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV

CgHo$ MoVZ CXoí`m| Am¡a cú`m| H$m gå`H$ kmZ Ano{jV h¢& 'AmÚ{~å~ wJrZ _Zmo{dkmZ H$m

n[aì`mnr n«Ë`` h¡& w§J `h _mZVo Wo {H$ {MËV _| AmÚénm| H$s {~å~én n«{V{V hr AmÚ{~å~ h¡&

`w§J ìXmam n«d{V©V _Zmo{dkmZ, {dícofUmË_H$ _Zmo{dkmZ, J«§{W _Zmo{dkmZ AWdm JhZVm

_Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ Zm_ go OmZm OmVm h¡&2 AmÚ{~å~mË_H$ AmcmoMH$ H¥$îU_wam[a {_l Ho$ AZwgma

AmÚ{~å~mË_H$ AmcmoMZm H$m {ZH$fËd H¥${V H$s ì`m»`m VH$ gr{_V Z hmoH$a _yë`m§H$Z VH$

ì`má h¡& A{YH$ ghr ~mV Vmo `h h¡ {H$ AmÚ{~å~mË_H$ AmcmoMZm Ho$ A§VJ©V ì`m»`m {dícofU

H$m cú` aMZm H$m _yë`m§H$Z hr ahVm h¡& Ohm± VH$ {_WH$s` AmcmoMZm Ho$, _ycJ«mhr hmoVo hþE

^r, AmYma-\$cH$ Ho$ gr{_V hmoZo H$s ~mV h¡, dh Z¥VËdemór` {_WH$s` AmcmoMZm Ho$

gÝX © _| CgH$m H$moB© Am¡{MË` Zht h¡& AmÚ{~å~mË_H$ AmcmoMZm {H$gr ^r ZdrZ `m nwamVZ

AmcmoMZm gån«Xm` H$m {VañH$ma Zht H$aVr, dh {d{^Þ AmcmoMZm gån«Xm` Ho$ nañna {damoYr

(127)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


n«VrV hmoZo dmco n¡_mZm| H$mo AnZo AZwHy$c ~ZmH$a aMZmAm| H$mo naIVr h¡&

gm{hpË`H$ aMZm _| H$mì` Ho$ _Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ed§ g§H$ënmË_H$ XmoZm| nj hmoVo h¡& _Zmod¡km{ZH$

H$mì`m| _| H$mì`mË_H$ A§emo H$m gm¡ÝX © AmÚ{~å~mo na hr {Z ©a h¡& _Zmod¡km{ZH$ Am¡a g§H$ënmVH$

XmoZmo H$mì`m| H$s ^mfm H$m n«mU AmÚ{~å~ h¡& `w§J Zo g§H$ënmË_H$ H$mì` Ho$ _hËd H$mo

_Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$mì` H$s Anojm A{YH$ aoIm§{H$V {H$`m h¡& Š`m|{H$ CgH$s ^mfm AmÚ{~å~mo H$s

X¥îQ>r go A{YH$ g_¥ÜX hmoVr h¡& Bgr{cE H${dVm H$s AmcmoMZm H$m AW© h¡ ^mfm _| A{^ì`ŠV

AmÚ{~å~m| H$s ì`m»`m Am¡a CZH$s VoOpñdVm H$s naI&3 H$mì` H$s g¥OZ n«{H«$`m Ho$ _yc _|

AmYén hr hmoVm h¡& AV… AmY{~å~ Ho$ én _| CgH$s ì`m{á dU©{dYmZ go coH$a g_«J {~å~

VH$ hmoZr Mm{hE &

_wpŠV~moY Ho$ H$mì` _| AmÚ{~å~ Am¡a dU©{dYmZ …

AmcmoMZm {gÜXmÝVm| _| agmZwHy$c `m ^mdmZwHy$c dU© {dYmZ Ho$ _hËd H$mo ñdrH$ma

{H$`m J`m h¡& AmÚ{~å~mË_H$ AmcmoMZm `h _mZH$a McVr h¡ {H$ g§H$ënmË_H$ H$mì` _| dU©

AZm`mg hr {~å~mZwHy$c {dÝ`ñV hmo OmVo h¡& ^maVr` {MÌU _| dUmªo Ho$ ^mdmZwHy$c g§ moOZ na

{deof ~c {X`m J`m h¡& _ma Am¡a nwamZr AmcmoMZm nÜX{V`m| _| ^mfm Ho$ dU© gm¢ÝX © H$s _mn

{d{dY e¡{c`m| _| H$s J`r h¡&4 Bg joÌ _| AmÚ{~å~ H$s YmaUm na AmYm[aV g_rjm H$m

_hËdnwU© `moJXmZ ^r gå^d h¡& _wpŠV~moY H$s "Zme-XodVm" erf©H$ H${dVm Ho$ Bg A§e _| ^r

dU©Z {dYmZ H$m AmÚ{~å~ XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&

""g^r Cam| Ho$ A±YH$ma _| EH$ V{‹S>V doXZm CRo>Jr, V^r g¥OZ Ho$ ~rO-d¥pÜX {hV

O‹S>mdaU H$s _hr \$Qo>Jr eV-eV dmUm| go Km`c hmo ~‹T>m McoJm Km`c A§Hw$a X§eZ H$s MoVZ

{H$aUm| Ho$ ìXmam H$mcr A_m hQo>Jr&''5

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_oK Ho$ {~å~ Ho$ gmhM © go hr g§ d hmo nm`m h¡& {~å~mË_H$ ñVa na {~Ocr H$m H$‹S>H$Zm

Am¡a YaVr H$m \$Q>Zm EH$ hr h¡& H$mcr A_m ñnîQ>V… H$amcm H$m AmÚ{~å~ h¡ Omo

(128)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


g¥OZmË_H$ epŠV Ho$ n«{gÜX n«VrH$ ZmJ Ho$ X§e Ho$ {H$aUm| Ho$ n«H$me go {Vamo{hV hmoVm h¡&

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""Bg {dßbd H$s `c V{‹S>„Vm H$s

e¡ m na

cm¡Q>Vr hþB© ~¡M¡Zr H$s _oar Am±I|

h¢ XoI ahr....

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_wpŠV~moY Zo n« mdr én go gmYm h¡&

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gZ \$Vmao

(129)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


~o OwZm± ~o~g gcm_ _|Ÿ&''7

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_wpŠV~moY Zo '{X_mJr Jwhmì`H$a H$m Amoa§J CQ>m§J' erf©H$ H${dVm _| ^r H$s h¡&8 yc-JcVr

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h¡, Omo g~ Am¢a J_© Ymam H$s Vah a|JVm McVm h¡& ZmJ `m gn© H$mo nañnam _| H$mc H$s J{V

epŠV H$m n«VrH$ _mZm J`m h¡&10 _wpŠË~moY Zo d¡km{ZH$ H$ n«Ë``m| H$s {~a~mË_H$ A{^åVpŠV

(130)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$m {deof n« mg {H$`m h¡&

AV… H$hm± Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ _wpŠV~moY H$s aMZmE± _m{U^rH$aU H$m gwÝXa CXmhaU

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cJZm, cma Q>nH$mZm, Jcm~`mZm, _w±h _moS>Zm, Am±Io \$mS> XoIZm, hmW_cZm Am{X AZoH$

_whmdao CZH$s H${dVm _| ghOVmgo XoIo Om gH$Vo h¡&

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Om gH$Vm ho& AmÚ{~å~mË_H$ AmcmoMZm _| {H$gr ^r H¥${V H$s g_rjm Ho$ {cE H¥${VH$ma Ho$

g_J« g¥OZ na {dMma H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV CgHo$ MoVZ CXoí`m| Am¡a cú`m| H$m gå`H$ kmZ

Ano{jV h¡& AmÚ{~å~ w§Jr` _Zmo{dkmZ H$m n[aì`mnr n«Ë`` h¡& w§J ìXmam n«d{V©V _Zmo{dkmZ

{dícofUmË_H$ _Zmo{dkmZ, Am¡a JhZVm _Zmo{dkmZ Zm_ go ^r OmZm OmVm h¡& H¥$îU_wam[a {ZS>m

Ho$ AZwgma AmÚ{~å~mË_H$ AmcmoMZm H$m {ZH$fËd H¥${V H$s ì`m»`m VH$ gr{_V Z hmoH$a

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hmoVo h¡& g§H$ënmË_H$ H$mì`m| H$s ^mfm H$m n«mU AmÚ{~å~ h¡& '{n« n«dmg' `h _Zmod¡km{ZH$

H$mì` h¡ Am¡a 'am_ hr epŠV nyOm' VWm 'H$m_m`Zr `h g§H$ënmË_H$ H$mì` H¥${V`m h¢&

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H$m gwÝXa CXmhaU n«ñVwV H$aVr h¡& CÝhm§oZo Aa~r-\$magr eãXm| Ho$ gmW-gmW VËg_ Am¡a

VX² d eãXm| H$mo ^r ApìXVr` én go gmYm h¡& AZwH$aUmË_H$ `m ÜdÝ`W©-ì §OH$ eãXm| Ho$

n« moJ _| ^r _wpŠV~moY n`m©á g\$c aho h¢& _whmdam| Ho$ n« moJ H$s X¥pîQ> go ^r _wpŠV~moY H$s

H${dVm g_¥ÜX h¡&

(131)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


g§X^© g§Ho$V …1.AmÚ{~å~ Am¡a gm{hË` cmoMZ H¥$îU_wamar {_l, n¥. 912.AmÚ{~å~ Am¡a gm{hË` cmoMZ H¥$îU_wamar {_l, n¥. 113.dht n¥.1084.dht n¥.1115.VmagáH$ n¥. 266.AmÚ{~å~ Am¡a gm{hË` cmoMZ H¥$îU_wamar {_l, n¥. 1127.Mm±X H$m _w±h Qo>‹T>m h¡, JOmZZ _mYd _wpŠV~moY n¥. 38.dht n¥. 219.dht n¥. 6

10.AmÚ{~å~mË_H$ AmcmoMZm … H¥$îU _wam[a {_l, n¥. 123

(132)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


gmR>moÎmar qhXr µJµOc AmcmoMZm : EH$ Ñ{ï>jon

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - III-III

n«m.Oàm_ lr.gy`©d§er

lr g§.Jm._._hm.cmohm {O.Zm§XoS>

qhXr µJµOc gm{hË` Ho$ B{Vhmg na Ñ{ï>jon {H$`m Om` Vmo `h ñnï> hmoVm h¡ {H$,

AmcmoMH$mo§ Zo qhXr µJµOc H$m Ama§ A_ra Iwgam| H$s µJµOcm| go _mZm h¡, Am¡a `h {gÕ H$aZo

H$s H$mo{ee H$s h¡ {H$, qhXr µJµOc H$r [adm`V CXy© µJµOc go ^r nyd© H$r h¡ qH$Vw AmcmoMH$m| H$m

`h VH©$ AY©ñmË` h¡ & Š`m|{H$ A_ra Iwgam| Zo H$^r ^r ewÕ qhXr µJµOco Zht {cIr CZHo$

µJµOcm| H$s EH$ n§{º$ qhXr Vmo Xygar n§{º$ \$magr ^mfm _| Wr&gmW hr A_ra Iwgamo H$s µJµOcm|

go ^maV|Xw wJ VH$ {cIr ½mB© µJµOc| H$m\$s gm_mÝ` H$moQ>r H$s Wr Bg Ñ{ï> go `h nyam H$m nyam

wJ A§YH$ma wJ hr h¡ Bg H$mc H$s µJµOcm| _| µJµOc Ho$ g_J« VÎdm| H$m A^md Wm Ho$dc H$mì`

e¡cr ~XcZo Ho$ gr{_V CÔoí` go hr BZ aMZmH$mam| Zo µJµOco§ {cIr Wr & qhXr µJµOc H$m

dmñVdrH$ Ama§ e_eoa ~hmXwa qgh H$s µJµOcm| go hmoVm h¡ Bg g§X © _| S>m°.Zaoe H$hVo h¡,

e_eoa nhco qhXr H${d h¡, Omo CXy© H$s EH$ {Ma-ñWm{nV H$mì` {dYm na hmW AmO_mZo Ho$ {cE

Zht ~pëH$ µJµOc H$mo qhXr _| T>mcZo Am¡a n«M{cV H$aZo H$m g§H$ën coH$a Bg joÌ _| {ZH$cVo

h¡ 1Am¡a e_eoa ~hmXwa qgh go n«oaUm nmH$a µJµOc {cIZo dmco Xwî §V Hw$_ma Zo hr ghr AW© _|

qhXr µJµOc gm{hË` H$s Zrd â Xr Am¡a CZHo$ ~mX qhXr µJµOc {cIZo dmco µJµOcH$mam| H$s nrTµ>r

V¡ ma hwB© AmO qhXr µJµOc {cIZo dmco µJµOcH$mam| H$s g§»`m VrZ gm¡ Ho$ H$ar~ h¡& BgH$m AW©

`h hmoVm h¡ {H$, ghr én _| qhXr ½mµµOc gm{hË` H$m Ama§ gmR>moÎma H$mc _| hr hwAm Am¡a qhXr

µJµOc AmcmoMZm H$m Ama§ ^r gmR>moÎma H$mc _| hr hwAm h¡&

n«ñVwV emoYmcoI _| gmR>moÎmar qhXr µJµOc AmcmoMZm H$mo ao»mm§{H$V H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee

OmEJr gmR>moÎmar qhXr µJµOc AmcmoMZm na MMm© H$aZo go nyd© EH$ ~mV Ü`mZ _| aIZr Mm{hE

H$s, Á`mXmVa qhXr µJµOcH$mam| H$s Amn{Îm `h h¡ {H$ qhXr _| g_J« ½mµµOc AmcmoMZm h¡ hr Zht

(133)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Vmo AmcmoMH$m| H$m jmo `h h¡ {H$ Eogr aMZmE± hr Zht {cIr Om ahr h¢ Omo AmcmoMZm H$s

H$gm¡Q>r na Iar CVao ñnï> h¡ {H$, AÝ` gm{hË`rH$ {dYmAm| H$s Anojm µJµOc gm{hË`

AmcmoMZm WmoS>m H$R>rZ H$m © h¡ ~H$m¡c kmZn«H$me {ddoH$, µJµOc H$m {eën AnZo Amn _| BVZm

OQ>rc h¡ {H$, H${dVm H$hmZr CnÝ`mg H$s ^m±{V µJOc na g_rjm H$aZm ghO Zht hmoVm

µJµOc AmcmoMZm Ho$ {cE {g\©$ qhXr µJµOc hr Zht CXy© µJµOc H$m AÜ`

{\$a ^r qhXr µJµOc gm{hË` na AmcmoMZmË_H$ coIU drnwc _mÌm _| {H$`m ½m`m h¡ gmR>moÎmar

qhXr µJµOc AmcmoMZm na MMm© H$aVo g_` Am¡a EH$ ~mV na Jm¡a H$aZm Oéar h¡ {H$, qhXr

µJµOc H$s AmcmoMZm H$aZo dmco cJ^J AmcmoMH$ ñd§ µJµOcH$ma h¡ Am¡a CÝhm|Zo µJµOc gm{hË`

g¥OZ Ho$ gmW hr µJµOc gm{hË` AmcmoMZm H$m H$m © ^r {H$`m h¡ & BZ µJµOc AmcmoMH$m| _|

_w»` én go amo{hVmíd AñWmZm, kmZn«H$me {ddoH$, a_m qgh, d{eð> 'AZyn', Z{MHo$Vm VWm

A{ZéÕ {gÝhm H$m Zm_ {c`m Om gH$Vm h¡ & Cnamoº$ AmcmoMH$m| Ûmam qhXr µJµOc gm{hË` _|

{X`m hwAm AmcmoMZmË_H$ `moJXmZ {ZåZ Vah go XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡ &

amo{hVmíd AñWmZm : {hÝXr Ho$ d[að> JµOµcH$ma AmcmoMH$ Ho$ én _| amo{hVmíd

AñWmZm H$s Amoa XoIm OmVm h¡ BÝhm|Zo AnZr JµOµc| nÌ-n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$ gmW-gmW '~m±gwar

{dñ_rV h¡' (1996) Bg µJµOc g§J«h Ho$ _mÜ`_ go nmR>H$m| VH$ nhw±MmB© h¡ & qhXr µJµOc

AmcmoMZm gm{hË` _| amo{hVmíd AñWmZm H$m {deof `moJXmZ h¡ BÝhmoZo qhXr µJµOc na g~go

nhco emoYH$m © H$aHo$ 'qhXr µJµOc CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg' Zm_H$ M{M©V AmcmoMZmË_H$ ½m«§W qhXr

µJµOc n«o{_`m| H$mo {X`m Bg AmcmoMZmË_H$ J«§W _| AñWmZm Zo µJµOc H$m AW©, µJµOc H$s

ì wËn{V, µJµOc H$s n[a^mfm H$mo {dñVma go ñnï> {H$`m h¡ Am¡a µJµOc H$mo N§>X Ho$ AmYma na

_¡{S´>Jmc VWm gm°ZoQ> Ho$ g_rn ~Vm`m h¡ & Bg aMZm _| hr AmcmoMH$ amo{hVmíd AñWmZm Zo

µJµOc Bg H$mì` {dYm H$r VwcZm CXy© µ\$magr H$s AÝ` H$mì` e¡{c`m| Ho$ gmW H$s h¡ Am¡a `h

~VmZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s h¡ {H$, µJµOc Am¡a CXy© µ\$magr H$s AÝ` H$mìè¡{c`m| _| gmå` Am¡a

d¡få` Š`m h¡ ? BZ H$mì` e¡{c`m| _| ZÁ_, é~mB©, H$V²Am, H$grXm, _a{g`m, _g³dr Am{X

(134)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h¡ &

S>m°. amo{hVmíd AñWmZm Zo nhcr ~ma qhXr µJµOc H$mo ^mdnj H$o AmYma na n«o_ n«YmZ

µJµOc, qMVZ n«YmZ µJµOc, hmñ` ì §½` naH$ µJµOc, ~mc µJµOc Am{X n«H$mam| _| {d^m{OV {H$`m

h¡ & gmW hr aMZmH$ma Zo n«ñVwV J«§W _| g_J« qhXr µJµOc gm{hË` H$m ã`moam {dñVma go {díco{fV

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H$mo EH$ ñdV§Ì Am¡a _mÝ` {dYm Ho$ én _| nwpînV n„{dV XoIZo Ho$ {cE qhXr µJµOc Ho$ N§>X

{dYmZ Ho$ {df` _| J§ raVmnyd©H$ qMVZ H$aZm hmoJm & qhXr µJµOcH$mam| H$mo EH$ ~mV gX¡d ñ_aU

aIZr Mm{hE {H$ µJµOc Mmho qhXr _| H$hr OmE AWdm µ\$magr _|, h_ BgHo$ _yc e¡pënH$ T>m§Mo

H$s Cnojm Zht H$a gH$Vo &3 Bg J«§W Ho$ Acmdm AñWmZm Zo H$B© µJµOc g§J«hmo H$s {dñV¥V

y{_H$m {cIH$a qhXr µJµOc AmcmoMZm _| `moJXmZ {X`m h¡ &

kmZn«H$me {ddoH$ : 30 OZdar 1949 H$mo n§Om~ n«§mV Ho$ ~hmXwaJTµ> _| OÝ_

coZodmco kmZn«H$me {ddoH$ {hÝXr Ho$ n«_wI JµOµcH$mam| _o M{M©V h¡ 'Ywn Ho$ hñVmja',(1984)

'Am±Imo _| Amg_mZ' (1990)Am¡a 'Bg _wpíH$c dº$ _| ' (1996) Am{X µJµOc g§J«hm| Ho$

gmW qhXr µJµOc AmcmoMZm gm{hË` _| `moJXmZ XoVo hwE 'qhXr µJµOc H$s {dH$mg `mÌm' Am¡a

'qhXr µJµOc Xwî §V Ho$ ~mX' BZ Xmo AmcmoMZmË_H$ ½m«§Wm| H$m coIZ kmZn«H$me {ddoH$ Zo {H$`m

h¡& kmZn«H$me {ddoH$ H$m n«W_ AmcmoMZmË_H$ J«§W 'qhXr µJµOc H$s {dH$mg `mÌm' Hw$c nm±M

I§S>m| _| {d^m{OV h¡ & n«ñVwV nm±M I§S>m| _| µJµOc H$s n[a^mfm na MMm© H$aVo hwE coIH$ Zo

V_m_ AmcmoMH$mo§ Ûmam Xr hwB© µJµOc H$s n[a^mfmE± nmR>H$m| Ho$ gå_²wI aIr h¡ & gmW hr Bg ½m«§W

_| ½mµµOc {dYm Ho$ CX² d Am¡a {dH$mg na {dñV¥V MMm© H$s h¡ BgHo$ Acmdm n«ñVwV J«§W _|

µJµOc H$m ñdén, g§aMZm VWm N§>XemñÌ na ^r JhZ qMVZ {H$`m J`m h¡ & aMZmH$ma

kmZn«H$me {ddoH$ ½mµµOcm| _| AZwemgZ H$mo _hÎd XoVo h¡ gmW hr AmXe© µJÁmµc coIZ Ho$ {cE

_mJ©Xe©Êm H$aVo hwE H$hVo h¡, µJµOc _| Vmgra n¡Xm H$aZo Ho$ {cE `h na_ Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ eoa

H$hZo go nyd© Cgo {Z_©_Vm go naIm Om` eoa Ho$dc {_gam| H$m O_KQ> {XImB© Z Xo, ~pëH$ Xmo

(135)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{_gamo Ho$ ^rVa OrdZ H$s {H$gr EH$ H$Wm H$m A§e g_m`m hmo 4 gmW hr AmcmoMH$

kmZn«H$me {ddoH$ Zo n«ñVwV J«§W _| CXy© Am¡a qhXr µJµOcm| H$m VwcZmË_H$ AÜ``Z {H$`m h¡ Am¡a

{ZîH$f© {X`m h¡ {H$, qhXr H$s µJµOcm| _| CXy© O¡gr ~marH$s Zht Am nmB© h¡ Z\$sg Am¡a

AZw y{VnaH$ µJµOco H$_ hr Am nmB© h¡ qhXr H$s µJµOcm| _| EH$ ñWwc {H$ñ_ H$m ZO[a`m

({dg§J{V`m| na n«hma H$aZo H$m ) hr gm_Zo Am`m h¡ `hr H$maU h¡ qhXr µJµOcm| _| dh ZmX gm¢X ©

Zht h¡ Omo CXy© O~mZ H$s µJµOcm| _| h¡ qhXr H$s µJµOco§ éTµ> hmo OmVr h¡ H$ht H$ht na 5

S>m°.d{eð> 'AZyn': gmR>moÎmar qhXr µJµOc AmcmoMZm gm{hË` _| moJXmZ XoZodmco AmcmoMH$mo

_| S>m°.amo{hVmíd AñWmZm, kmZn«H$me {ddoH$ Ho$ gmW-gmW wdm µJµOcH$ma AmcmoMH$ S>m°.d{eð>

'AZyn' H$m ^r Zm_ ~So> gå_mZ Ho$ gmW {c`m OmVm h¡ S>m°.d{eð> 'AZyn' H$m OÝ_ 1 OZdar

H$mo JmoaInya {Oco Ho$ ~Sµ>hcJ§O ãcmH$ Ho$ ghSµ>m¡cr Jm±d _| hwAm & BÝhm|Zo Ama§{^H$ {ejm Jm±d

_| hr cr Am¡a AmJo E_.E., nr.EM.S>r., JmoaInya {díd{dÚmc` go H$s, gmW hr dra ~hmXwa qgh

nwdm©M§c {díd{dÚmc`, Om¡Znwa go '½mµµOc: CncpãY`m± Am¡a g§ mdZmE±' {df` na S>r.{cQ²>. {H$`m

h¡ &AmO do ~Zmag qhXw {díd{dÚmc`, dmamUgr Ho$ qhXr {d^mJ _| AÜ`mnZ H$m H$m © H$a aho

h¡ S>m°.d{eð> 'AZyn' H$m gm{hË` g§gma H$m\$s {dnwc h¡ BZH$s n«_wI aMZmAm| _|, 'ñdßZ Ho$

~mX'Zm_H$ H${dVm g§H$cZ, '~§Omao Z`Z'VWm 'amoeZr IVao _| h¡' Am{X µJµOc g§J«h Vmo 'qhXr

µJµOc H$s n«d¥{Îm`m±', 'qhXr µJµOc H$m ñdén Am¡a _hÎdnyU© hñVmja', 'qhXr H$s OZdmXr

H${dVm', 'OJXre Jwá H$m H$mì` g§gma' Am{X AmcmoMZmË_H$ nwñVH|$ ^r n«_wI h¡ &

S>m°.d{eð> 'AZyn' Zo qhXr µJµOc AmcmoMZm _| `moJXmZ XoVo hwE AnZr nwñVH$ 'qhXr

µJµOc H$m ñdén Am¡a _hÎdnyU© hñVmja' _| µJµOc H$s ì wËn{Îm,n[a^mfm Am¡a VÎdm| na {dñV¥V

MMm© H$s h¡ gmW hr qhXr Ho$ _hÎdnyU© hñVmjam| Ho$ µJµOc gm{hË` H$m g_rjmË_H$ ã`moam nmR>H$m|

Ho$ gå_wI aIm h¡ &n«ñVwV J«§W _| AZyn µJµOc {dYm H$m Eo{Vhm{gH$ AÜ``Z H$aVo hwE µJµOc

H$s Jm¡ademcr `mÌm Am¡a Bg `mÌm _| µJµOc Ho$ H$Ï` _| AmE hwE n[adV©U na MMm© H$aVo hwE

H$hm h¡, µJµOc Aa~r H$grXo Ho$ Vñ~r~ Ho$ J © go n¡Xm hmoZo Ho$ cJ^J Mm¡Xh gm¡ df© ~mX Am¡a

qhXr _| cJ^J gmSo> gmV gm¡ dfm} H$s Jm¡ademcr `mÌm H$aZo Ho$ ~mX AmO Ohm± nhw§Mr hwB© h¡,

(136)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


dhm± CgH$s AZw y{V Am¡a A{^ì`{º$ `m H$Ï` Am¡a {eën XmoZm| _| H$m\$s n[adV©Z hwAm h¡ &

µJµOc AnZr na§namJV _mÝ`VmAm| hwg³ Am¡a BíH$ VWm n«o_r Am¡a n«o{_H$m Ho$ _Ywa dmVm©cmn Am¡a

n«o_ {ZdoXZ VH$ gr{_V Z ahH$a AÝ` {dYmAm| H$s ^m±{V qOXJr H$s YS>H$Zm| go ñn§{XV Am¡a

OrdZ OJV H$s OQ>rc g_ñ`mAm| go Am±Io Mma H$aVr {XImB© nS>Vr h¡ &7

Cn`w©º$ µJµOc AmcmoMH$m| Ho$ gmW hr gmR>moÎmar qhXr µJµOc AmcmoMZm _| `moJXmZ

XoZodmco AmcmoMH$m| _| S>m°.a_m qgh H$m AmcmoMZmË_H$ J«§W 'qhXr µJµOc Zd_² XeH$'H$m `moJXmZ

^r _hÎdnyÊm© h¡ & Bg J«§W _| co{IH$m Zo Zd_² XeH$ H$s qhXr µJµOcm| H$s {dñV¥V g_rjm H$aVo

hwE Bg H$mc H$s µJµOcm| H$mo ^md nj Ho$ AmYma na ì`dñWm Ed§ n[adoe go OwS>r µJµOc|, n«o_

g§~Yr µJµOc|, BíH$ hµH$sµH$s Am¡a BíµH$ _OmOr go OwS>r Xme©{ZH$ µJµOc| Am{X ^mJm| _| {d^m{OV

{H$`m h¡ Vmo Bgr J«§W _| Zd_² XeH$ Ho$ g_J« µJµOc gm{hË` H$m H$cm H$s Ñ{ï> go ^r AÜ``Z

H$aVo hwE `h {ZîH$f© {X`m h¡ & qhXr JµOc H$m H$cmnj Vmo CXy© ^mfm H$m hr ahm na§Vw ^maVr`

g§ñH¥${V H$s n¥ð> y{_ _| BgH$m H$coda ñdV: hr ~Xc J`m &8 a_m qgh Ho$ gmW hr qhXr µJµOc

AmcmoMH$m| _| A{ZéÕ qgÝhm, gwëVmZ Ah_X, Z{MHo$Vm Am{X AmcmoMH$m| H$m ^r {deof

`moJXmZ ahm h¡ & A{ZéÕ qgÝhm H$m AmcmoMZmË_H$ J«§W g_mH$crZ qhXr µJµOc na§nam Am¡a

{dH$mg Bg H«$_ _| _hÎdnyU© J«§W h¡ Vmo gwëVmZ Ah_X Am¡a Z{MHo$Vm Ho$ qhXr µJµOc na {cIo

hwE g_rjmË_H$ coI {deof h¡ &g§X^© gy{M :1) S>m°.Zaoe, qhXr µJµOc Xem Am¡a {Xem, n¥.2) kmZn«H$me {ddoH$, qhXr µJµOc H$s {dH$mg `mÌm, n¥.1833) S>m°.amo{hVmíd AñWmZm, qhXr µJµOc CX²^d Am¡a {dH$mg,n¥.369-374) kmZn«H$me {ddoH$, qhXr µJµOc H$s {dH$mg `mÌm, n¥.1125) kmZn«H$me {ddoH$, qhXr µJµOc µJµOcH$mam| H$s ZOa go, g§. gaXma _wOmda,n¥.1226) d{eð> AZyn, qhXr µJµOc H$m ñdén Am¡a _hÎdnyU© hñVmja, ^y{_H$m go

7) S>m°.a_m qgh, qhXr µJµOc Zd_ XeH$ n¥.13

(137)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$WmbmoMZ

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - IV (I - VI)

(138)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


"Amdm§' Ho$ ór nmÌEH$ AmbmoMZmË_H$ Ñ{ï>

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - IV-I

S>m°.S>r. C_mXodrB§[Xam Jm§Yr H$m°boO, nm±S>oMoar

{MÌm _wXJ²b H$m "Amdm§' CnÝ`mg Bg XeH$ H$m gd©loîR> CnÝ`mg ~Vm`m J`m h¡Ÿ& `h

CnÝ`mg dV©_mZ g_mO H$s [dg§J{V`m|, CgHo$ nmIÊS> Am¡a Hw$ar{V`m| H$mo CKm‹S>>Zo dmbm

ì`mnH$ àboI h¡Ÿ& Bg_| bo{IH$m H$s n±yOr yV g§doXZm, CgH$s {dMmaYmamË_H$ {Z{_©{V`m± Zmar

Xoh VH$ gr{_V nwéf Ñ{ï,> ór Ho$ ~hþñVar` emofU, Vma-Vma hmo ahr O¡d g_m{OH$ Z¡{VH$Vm,

_OXya-Am§XmobZm| Ed§ CZHo$ VWmH${WV ZoVmAm| H$m {dnWZ VWm l_ e{º$ H$m àmXe© ~‹S>>o hr

gbrHo$ go àñVwV {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& bo{IH$m Zo {ZåZ, _Ü` Ed§ Cƒ VrZm| hr dJm] Ho$ ImobIonZ

VWm {dS>~ZmË_H$ pñW{V`m| H$m ~S>m hr à^mdr {MÌ IrMm h¡Ÿ& H$_boe gMXod Zo "Amdm§" H$mo

CJVr dJ© MoVZm H$m CnÝ`mg ~V`m h¡Ÿ&

hmb Ho$ dfm} _| Eogm CnÝ`mg bJ^J Zht Ho$ ~am~a {bIo J o h¡, {OZ_| ór`m| H$s

BVZr gyú_ Om§M {XImB© XoVr hmo Am¡a n[adma VWm g_mO H$s àJ{V- XwJ©{V _| CZH$s y{_H$m

H$mo AmbmoMZmË_H$ T>§J go naIm J`m hmoŸ& Eogo _| `h ñd^m{dH$ hr h¡ {H$ "Amdm§' _| ór g§gma

Ho$ gmao n|MmoI_ gm_Zo AmEŸ& A§OZm dmgdmZr, Jm¡V_r, Hw§$Vr _m¡gr, {d_bm ~oZ, __Vm

emh~oZ, {Z_©bm pñ_Vm Am¡a Zrb_ O¡gr AZoH$ ór M[aÌ Bg CnÝ`mg _| h¡, {OZ H$s Xw{Z`m

go gmjmËH$ma hmoZo Ho$ ~mX pñW{V`m| H$s O{Q>bVm gm_Zo AmVr h¡Ÿ& ór, H¡$go ór H$m {dZme

H$aVr h¡, H¡$go CgHo$ _mJ© H$mo H§$Q>H$mH$sU© H$aVr h¡, H¡$go CgHo$ OrdZ H$mo ZaH$ _| ~Xb XoVr

h¡, Amdm§ Bgo ^r ~Iy~r {XImVr h¡Ÿ& EH$ ñVa na `h ^r _mZZo H$s gyaV ~ZVr h¡ {H$ àW_V:

ór hr ór ÌmgXr H$s y{_H$m ~ZmVr h¡, nwéf dJ© Cg y{_ H$mo {Z §{ÌV H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

CnÝ`mg H$s Zm{`H$m Z{_Vm nm§S>o H$m OrdZ ^r §ÌUmnyU© ~ZZo Ho$ {bE y{_H$m Ho$

ê$n _| Zmar hr AmVr h¡ & CgH$m g§Kf©, CgH$s `mVZm Am¡a A§V _| CgH$s Agb O_rZ H$s

(139)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ghr {eZm»V `h CnÝ`mg H$aVm h¡Ÿ& AJa {Z_©bm H$s OJh H$moB© nwéf hmoVm Vmo em`X

pñW{V`m| H$s ^`mdhVm BVZr Z hmoVr na CgH$s {dénVm _| H$moB© A{YH$ A§Va Z AmVmŸ& VÏ`

`h h¡ {H$ EH$ {ZåZ _Ü`dJu` n[adma H$m _w{I`m Xodre§H$a nm§S>o A§{V_ gm§g| {JZ ahm h¡Ÿ&

Ka _| A~moY ~ƒo h¢Ÿ& Ka H$s J¥{hUr H$mo n[adma H$m Xw:I Zht gVmVm, Eogo _| Cg Ka _|

B©_mZXma ì`pŠV H$m M¡Z Ho$ gmW OrZm Xy a hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& Z{_Vm n o$ g§ñH$mam| H$s B©_mZXma

wdVr h¡Ÿ& dh Ka H$s ~‹S>r g§VmZ h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE Am{W©H$ V§Jr Ho$ hmbV _| n‹T>>mB© H$mo Omar Zht aI

nmVrŸ& Ka H$s Xem H$mo gwYmaZm MmhVr h¡Ÿ& CgH$s gmar _wpíH$bm| H$s O‹S> CgH$s B©_mZXmar h¡,

CgH$s _Zwî`Vm h¡Ÿ& Cg_| g§~ÝYm| H$mo OrZo H$r Mmh h¡, Bg{bE dh g§Xoh H$aZm Zht OmZVrŸ&

dh n¡gm| Ho$ {bE {‹OÝXJr Zht OrVr h¡Ÿ& Cg_| ñdm{^_mZ qOXm h¡, n¡gm| H$mo dh ha hmb _|

AnZo go Cna Zht _mZVrŸ& _mZVr hmoVr Vmo "AmKmS>r H$m`m©b`' _o| Zm¡H$ar Zht N>mo‹S>>VrŸ& AnZr

n[apñW{V`m| go ~oVah bmMma hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX Z{_Vm A§Xa go Ñ‹T> Am¡a Jm¡aV_§X h¡, _Z go

ñdÀN> Am¡a H¥$VkŸ& CgH$s Bgr H¥$VkVm H$m A§OZm dmgdmZr AZw{MV bm^ CR>mVr h¡ Am¡a

g§O` H$ZmoB© Cgo AnZo ñdmW© Am¡a jwÐ dmgZm H$m {eH$ma ~ZmVm h¡Ÿ& AnZr nËZr go VbmH$

boZo H$s ~mV| H$aHo$ AnZr q‹OXJr H$s PyR>r VH$br\|$ ~`mZ H$aVm ahm, Z{_Vm H$m ghO

g§ñH$mar _Z CgHo$ {dídmg _| Sy>~ J`m Am¡a A§V _| O~ gM gm_Zo Am`m Vmo dh AnZo H$mo

ghr ê$n _| nm gH$sŸ&

d¥Õm {H$emoar~mB© Am¡a CZH$s ~oQ>r gwZ§Xm AnZo ì`pŠVËd _| Z{_Vm H$s hr ghY_m© h¡Ÿ&

gwZ§Xm gwh¡b go ào_ H$aVr h¡, CgH$s g§VmZ H$s _m± ^r ~ZZodmbr h¡, na AnZr ajm Ho$ {bE

Cgo _wpñb_ ~ZH$a gwh¡b go ã`mh H$aZm ñdrH$ma Zht h¡Ÿ& ào_ H$s Ñ‹T>>Vm Am¡a _yë`dÎmm H$mo

Y_© go D$na aIH$a gwZ§Xm Zo Omo Ë`mJ {H$`m CgH$m CXmhaU AÝ`Ì Xwb© h¡Ÿ& {H$emoar ~mB©

~oQ>r gwZ§Xm Ho$ {ZU© Ho$ gmW h¡Ÿ& "_| E§S ~oH$a' H§$nZr H$s H$mZyZr Zmo{Q>g H$s b‹S>>mB© Omar h¡Ÿ&

gwZ§Xm ñd § Bg b‹S>mB© H$mo ór H$s Apñ_Vm H$s b‹S>mB© _mZVr h¡Ÿ& na Xw m©½` go CgH$s b‹S>mB©

AYyar ah OmVr h¡ Am¡a gwZ§Xm {hÝXy-_w{ñb_ ~bdmB`m| H$m {eH$ma hmoH$a _a OmVr h¡Ÿ& gwZ§Xm

H$s _¥Ë w Ho$ ~mX Z{_Vm Am¡a {H$emoar ~mB© H$m g§~ÝY JhamVm h¡ Am¡a dh ~hþV AmJo ~‹T>>H$a

(140)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{H$emoar ~mB© H$mo Wm_Vr h¡Ÿ& Bg_| g§Xoh Zht h¡ {H$ ór`m| H$s _Zmod¥{Îm, CgHo$ {d{^Þ M[aÌ Am¡a

AmMaU H$s EH$-EH$ H$X_ H$s nS>Vmb Bg CnÝ`mg _| h¡Ÿ& {MÌm _wXJ²b Zo {ZíM` hr Bg

H$m © Ho$ {bE AWH$ n[al_ {H$`m h¡ Am¡a ~‹S>>o _Zmo moJ go M[aÌ Ho$ ^rVa H$s Xw{Z`m H$mo àË`j

{H$`m h¡Ÿ&

Z{_Vm H$s _m± ^maVr` g_mO Ho$ nwÌ-ào_ Am¡a nwÌr-Ûof H$m gmjmV² CXmhaU h¡Ÿ& nwÌr-

Ûof Ho$ H$maU dh Z{_Vm Am¡a _w{Z`m H$mo ha g_` ~odOh S>m§Q>Vr-\$Q>H$maVr ahVr h¡Ÿ& `hm±

VH$ {H$ Z{_Vm H$mo ZrMm {XImZo H$s H$mën{ZH$ dOh| ^r T>±yT>Vr ahVr h¡Ÿ& Am{W©H$ A^md Ho$

{bE dh H$^r n{V H$mo j_m Zht H$a nmB©Ÿ& Z{_Vm H$s _m± H$s Hw§$R>mE± Cg g_mO H$s XoZ h¡ Omo

YZ H$mo hr gd©ñd _mZVm h¡Ÿ& nwÌ H$mo ghmam Am¡a nwÌr H$mo _wgr~V g_PVm h¡Ÿ&

A§OZm dmgdmZr, Jm¡V_r, MoVZm ñdm_r Am¡a Xod`mZr Am¡a {Z_©bm H$ZmoB© ny§OrdmXr gmoM

Ho$ AZwgma Xw{Z`m H$mo ~m‹Oma _mZH$a MbZodmbr ór`m± h¡, {OZH$s Ñ{ï> _| g~Hw$N> IarXm

Am¡a ~oMm Om gH$Vm h¡- ór H$s N>{d ^r, CgH$s Xoh ^r Am¡a _mV¥Ëd ^rŸ& H$ZmoB© O¡go ny§‹Orn{V

IarXma h¡, Jm¡V_r O¡gr b‹S>{H$`m± {~H$mD$ H$s dñVwE± Am¡a dmgdmZr O¡go bmoJ XbmbŸ&

pñ_Vm Amoa Jm¡V_r O¡gr ór`m± Omo _Z H$s ~mV| Y‹S>>„o go ~mobVr h¡, ewÕ ì`mdhm[aH$

h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z "ñdËd' gwa{jV Zht ah J`m h¡Ÿ& OrZm Am¡a ~onZmh OrZm CZH$m AmXe© h¡Ÿ& AnZo

{nVm _Q>H$m qH$J Omo N>§Q>m hþAm ~X_me h¡, CgHo$ ~b na dh _Z_mZm H$aVr h¡Ÿ& Jm¡V_r ór Ho$

{g\©$ Xoh hmoZo, AnZo Xoh H$s ñd § ñdm{_Zr hmoZo Am¡a CgH$m bm^ CR>mZo H$s VWmH${WV

AmYw{ZH$ gmoM go g§Mm{bV h¡Ÿ& AnZr Bg gmoM H$mo H«$m§{VH$mar _mZVr h¡ Am¡a AnZr pñW{V go

nyU©V: g§VwîQ> h¡Ÿ&

~¥hÎma AWm] _| gmW©H$ {Xem~moY go g§nÞ Zmar nmÌm| _o§ {H$emoar~mB© Ho$ A{V[aŠV emh~oZ

Am¡a Zrbå_m {XImB© XoVr h¡Ÿ& {dYdm `wdVr Zrbå_m dmgdmZr H$s h¡Xam~mX H$s H$moR>r H$s

XoI^mb H$aVr h¡ Am¡a AnZo ~y‹T>o ggwa VWm Xmo Ow‹S>dm ~oQ>m| Ho$ gmW dhm°§ ŠdmQ>©a _| ahVr h¡Ÿ&

dh ânya Z¡{VH$ gmhg H$s ñdm{_Zr h¡Ÿ& dh Z{_Vm H$s pñW{V H$mo nyar Vah g_PVr h¡ Am¡a

J ©nmV hmoZo na ghm`Vm H$aZo Ho$ A{V[aŠV CgHo$ h¡Xam~mX N>mo‹S>>H$a OmZo H$m à~ÝY ^r

(141)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$aVr h¡Ÿ& dh ghr H$m gmW XoZo Ho$ {bE AnZr AmOr{dH$m H$mo Omo{I_ _| S>mb XoZo H$m gmhg

aIVr h¡Ÿ& emh~oZ _| o JwU Vmo h¡ hr, CgHo$ A{V[aŠV CZ_| ñnï> {Xem~moY, g§ moOZ Ed§

ZoV¥Ëd j_Vm ^r h¡Ÿ& AnZo "l_Ordm' g§ñWm Ho$ Ûmam {H$VZr hr Am¡aVm| H$mo doí`m ~ZZo go amoH$m

h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ A{V[aŠV dh "l_Ordm' _| H$m_ H$aZodmbr ór`m| H$mo gm_y{hH$ CÎma Xm{`Ëd H$s

^mdZm go AdJV H$amVr h¡Ÿ&

BgàH$ma `h CnÝ`mg ór nmÌm| H$m EH$ ~¥hV² g§gma h¡Ÿ& EH$ Vah go Bgo _§w~B© H$s

ór`m| H$m à{V{Z[Y CnÝ`mg H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Z{_Vm H$s _m±, H§w$Vr _m¡gr, H$a_mH$a Am§Q>r,

__Vm, pñ_Vm, gwZ§Xm, {H$emoar ~mB©, emh~oZ, {~_bm ~oZ, Zrbå_m, _m{Z, A§OZm dmgdmZr,

Jm¡V_r, {Z_©bm H$ZmoB© g^r g_doV én _| g_mO _| ì`má Cn^moJmH$m§jm, _yë`m| Ho$ {dKQ>Z

Am¡a Xbmb g§ñH¥${V VWm CgHo$ ~aAŠg I‹S>>r _mZd g§doXZm Am¡a Z o _mZdr` _yë`mo§ Ho$

g¥OZ H$s AmH$m§jm Ed§ gm_Ï © H$m {MÌ àñVwV H$aVr h¡ Ÿ&g§X^© gyMr1. Amdm§-{MÌm _wX²Jb2. Amdm§ {d_e©-H$éUme§H$a CnmÜ`m`

(142)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_ÝZy §S>mar Ho$ H$hm[Z`m§o H$s g_mOemñÌr` AmcmoMZm

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - IV-II

n«m. S>m°. {Xp½dO` Q|>Jgo{ddoH$mZ§X H$cm, gaXma X{cnqgJ

dm{UÁ` d {dkmZ _hm{dÚmc`, Am¡a§Jm~mX

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àg§Jm| H$mo CX²Km{Q>V H$a KQ>Zm-{MÌ àñVwV H$aZo _| geº$ {dYm h¡& Bg g§X © _| Zm_da

qgh Or H$hVo h¢ {H$ ''H$hmZr h_mao OrdZ H$s N>moQ>r-go N>moQ>r KQ>Zm _| ^r AW© ImoO coVr h¡

`m Cgo AW© àXmZ H$a XoVr h¡&''1

gZ² 1960 Ho$ Amgnmg H$m df© {hÝXr H$hmZr Ho$ {cE {d{eï> _hËd aIVm h¡& BgH$m

H$maU `h Wm {H$ ^maVr` gm_m{OH$ n[adoe _| gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOZr{VH$ Am{X H$B©

H$maUm| go h_mao g_m{OH$ OrdZ _| n[adV©Z Am`m Wm& {OgH$s A{^ì`{º$ Bg gXr Ho$ aMZm

coIZ na XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡& EH$ gƒm gm{hË`H$ma VËH$mcrZ g_mO Ho$ gË` H$mo AnZr

H¥${V`m| _| A{^ì`{º$ H$aVm h¡& g_mO H$m `WmW© {MÌU ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$Wm gm{hË` _| XoIm Om

gH$Vm h¡&

1. _ÝZy §S>mar H$s H$hm{Z`m| _| gm_m{OH$-nm[adm[aH$ g_ñ`m …

_ÝZy Or _ycV… H$hmZrH$ma ahr h¡& _ÝZyOr ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mc H$s g§doXZerc, qMVZerc

VWm g_mOY_u co{IH$m ahr h§¢ & Zm_daqgh Bg g§X © _| H$hVo h¢ {H$ ''_ÝZy Or Zo H$hm{Z`m|

_| {ZåZ-_Ü`dJu` ñÌr-nwéf Ho$ gm_m{OH$ g§~§Y H$s Z¡{VH$ Am¡a _mZ{gH$ g_ñ`mAm| Ho$

Z o n[ad{V©V én H$m ^mdnyU© {MÌU àñVwV {H$`m h¡&''2 AZw d g§gma H$s ì`mnH$Vm CZH$s

H$hm{Z`m| _| {_cVr h¡& S>m°. _wIOu H$hVr h¢ {H$ ''EH$ geº$ aMZm AnZo nmR>H$ H$m nrN>m A§V

VH$ Zht N>mo‹S>Vr h¡& ''3

g§ wº$ n[adma Ho$ T>m±Mo _| Am¡a nm[adm[aH$ _yë`m| _| VoOr go n[adV©Z Am`m& _ÝZyOr Zo

(143)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AnZo gm{hË` _| em`X Bgr H$maU g§~§Ym| Ho$ Qy>Q>Zo H$s H$hm{Z`m± A{YH$ _mÌm _| {cIr h¢&

_ÝZy Or H$s H$Wm`mÌm H$mo VrZ ñVam| _| {d^º$ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ & CZH$s àma§{^H$

H$hm{Z`m| _| H$moB© KQ>Zm `m àg§J hþAm H$aVm h¡& Xygao gmonmZ CZH$s H$hm{Z`m| _| gm_m{OH$Vm

d Vrgao gmonmZ _| CZH$s H$hm{Z`m| _| ì §½`mË_H$Vm {XImB© XoVr h¡&

2. Ym{_©H$ nmI§S>, ê${‹T>JV na§namE± Am¡a A§Y{dœmg …

Y_© ^r g_mO _| _Zwî` Ho$ OrdZ ì`dhma na à^md S>mcVm h¡& Y_© g^r g_mOm| _|

àM{cV h¡ VWm Ym{_©H$ {dœmg Ed§ {H«$`mAm| Ho$ én {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVo h¢ & _ÝZy Or Zo 'B©gm Ho$

Ka BÝgmZ' H$hmZr _| Ym{_©H$ Hw$àd¥{Îm`m| H$s Amoa MmoQ> H$s h¡& B©gmB© Y_© H$s CZ àWmAm| na

g§Ho$V {H$`m h¡ Omo {JaOmKam| _| nmXar Ûmam wd{V`m| Ho$ _mZ{gH$ g§ñH$mam| Ho$ Zm_ na {dH¥$V

dmgZm H$s {eH$ma hmoVr h¢ & ''_¢ Zht OmZVr, \$mXa Zo CgHo$ D$na OmXy H$m S§>‹S>m Kw_m`m `m

Cgo OÝVa-_ÝVa H$m nmZr {ncm`m, na Oycr h±gZm yc JB©&''4 Cg {_eZar H$m°coO _|

A{YH$Va AÜ`m{nH$mE± h¡, CZ_| Oam ^r {dH$ma AmVm h¡ Vmo \$mXa a¡dSo>ÊS> CZH$s AmË_ewÕr

H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Cƒ nXñW Ed§ n{dÌ ì`{º$ H$ho OmZodmco ì`{º$ _| hrZd¥{Îm CËnÝZ hmoH$a

g_mO _| Eogr H$B© pñÌ`m| H$mo Acm¡{H$H$ e{º$ Ho$ Zm_ na KwQ>-KwQ>H$a OrZo Ho$ {cE {dde

{H$`m OmVm h¡&

Jm§d _| AmO A{ejm, A§Y{dœmg, wI_ar, ê${‹T>JV _mÝ`Vm d¡gr H$s d¡gr h¢& BgH$m

{MÌU "amUr _m± H$m M~yVam' H$hmZr _| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡& '5 Bg àH$ma Ho$ A§Y{dœmg Am_

Vm¡a na pñÌ`m| _| {XImB© XoVo h¢& g_mO _| Bg na§nam H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aZodmco H$B© ì`{º$

{XImB© XoVo h¡ VWm Bg àH$ma go A§Y{dœmg Ho$ H$maU H$B© 'M~yVao' ^r ~Zdm o OmVo, {_ÝZVo-

_ÝZVo ^r H$s OmVr h¢&

3. Am{W©H$ Ag_mZVm Ed§ à{VñnYm© …

g_mOdmX H$m {H$VZm hr h_ S§>H$m nrQo> na ^maV _| ny±OrdmXr àYmZVm h¡& n[aUm_ñdê$n

h_mao Xoe _| Am{W©H$ Ag_mZVmE± ~hþV A{YH$ h¢& _ÝZy Or Zo 'ZH$cr hrao' H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_

(144)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


go Xmo ~hZm| Ho$ EH$ A{ÔmË` dJ© Am¡a Xygar _Ü`dJ© H$s Am{W©H$ Ag_mZVm H$s VwcZm Ed§

à{VñnYm© H$m {MÌU {H$`m h¡& A{ÔmË` dJ© H$s Zm[a`m| Ho$ OrdZ _| ì`má ImoIconZ, KwQ>Z

Am¡a {Zamem H$mo àñVwV {H$`m h¢& '6 AmO ì`{º$ OrdZ _| ^m¡{VH$ g§nÝZVm H$mo {XImZo _| hr

AnZr g§Vw{ï> g_PVm h¡&

4. C{MV {ejm ì`dñWm H$m A^md …

h_mar {ejm ì`dñWm _| H$B© Im{_`m± h¢, h_mar dV©_mZ Amdí`H$VmAm| Am¡a CÔoí`m| H$mo

nyam H$aZo _| nyU©V`m Ag\$c h¡& {\$a ^r Cgr ì`dñWm H$mo h_ O~aZ KgrQ> aho h¡& _ÝZy Or

Zo 'aoV H$s Xrdma' H$hmZr _| {e{jV wdH$ Ho$ Hw§$R>m VWm {Zamem H$s g_ñ`m H$mo CR>m`m h¡&

""`hm± H$moB© ^{dî` Zht h¡ BZ cmoJm| H$m& AmOH$c g¡H$S>m| B§Or{Z`g© _mao-_mao {\$aVo h¢...

{H$gr Vah \$m°aoZ OmZo H$s {VH$‹S>_ { ‹S>mAmo - H$ZmS>m _| ~hþV cmoJm| H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡&

B§Or{Z`g© Ho$ {cE O_©Zr _| g~go Á`mXm ñH$mon h¡& EH$ ~ma OmZo H$mo {_c OmE Vmo {OÝXJr ~Z

OmE na ~ƒy Bg g~Ho$ {cE nwc Am¡a new Mm{hE _¡[aQ> H$mo H$moB© Zht nyN>Vm AmO Xmo H$m¡‹S>r H$mo

^r&''7 AmO H$s {ejm ñd § H$mo AnZo n¡am| na I‹So> hmoZo `mo½` Zht ~ZmVr& Bg àH$ma pñW{V Ho$

H$maU Ag§Vmof d {Zamem H$s ^mdZm nZnVr h¡& cú`hrZ {ejm AmO Ho$ `wdH$ _| {dH¥$V

_Zmod¥{Îm n¡Xm hmoZo H$s g§ mdZm hmoVr h¡&

5. nm[adm[aH$ {dKQ>Z …

dV©_mZ AmYw{ZH$ g_mO _| nm[adm[aH$ {dKQ>Z EH$ _hËdnyU© g_ñ`m ~Z JB© h¡&

ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ {_cZo Ho$ ~mX ^maVr` n[adma _| {dKQ>Z H$s pñW{V CËnÝZ hþB© h_ XoIVo h¢&

AmO H$s Bg gXr _| _mZd Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW, n[adma _| ZB© naånamE±, Z`r àWmAm|

H$m g_mdoe hþAm h¡& AmYw{ZH$ gä`Vm Ho$ H$maU gm_m{OH$ T>m±Mo, _yë`m|, AmXem©o, AmMma-

{dMma, ahZ-ghZ _| n[adV©Z Am`m h¡& BgHo$ \$cñdén n[adma Ho$ ñdén _| ^r n[adV©Z

hmoZo Ho$ H$maU n[adma _| {dKQ>Z H$s à{H«$`m ~‹T>r h¡&

"D±$MmB©' H$hmZr _ÝZy Or H$s AmYw{ZH$ Zmar Ûmam AnZo ~mø H$m_ g§~§Y H$s Amdí`H$Vm

H$m g_W©Z {H$`m h¡& Cggo Xm§ånË` OrdZ _| {dKQ>Z H$s pñW{V CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& Bg AdñWm

(145)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_| Bg {df` H$mo coH$a gmoMVr h¡ {H$, ""CgHo$ ~rM H$m ß`ma Am¡a AnZËd gmo J`m Wm, gmo hr

Zht J`m Wm, em`X _a J`m Wm, EH$ hr nc§J na XmoZm| Ho$ eara nmg-nmg coQo> Wo, _Ja _Z

H$s ~rM EH$ AZ§V Xyar Am JB© Wr&''8 Bg àH$ma {edmZr Ûmam AnZo ì`{º$JV ñdmW© H$s ny{V©

Ho$ {cE nm[adm[aH$ g§~§Y {dpÀN>ÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {cE V¡ ma h¡; {edmZr H$s `h gmoM h¡ {H$ EH$

nwéf H$m_ ~mø g§~§Y aI gH$Vm h¡ Vmo Eogo H$m_ ~mø g§~§Y AJa EH$ ñÌr Zo aIo Vmo Hw$N>

hO© Zht& {e{ea Ho$ gmW AmR> gmc VH$ gwI_` OrdZ {~VmZo Ho$ ~mX {H$gr Xygao Ho$ gmW

g§~§Y Ho$ ~mao _| nVm McZo na {e{ea Ho$ _Z _| VZmd H$s pñW{V CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& {e{ea H$m

{edmZr H$mo H$hZm {H$, ""{H$g AmYma na A{dœmg H$é±, H$m¡Z gm H$maU h¡ Omo {dœmg Z H$é§

- Vw_ AnZm eara VH$ EH$ nwéf H$mo Xo AmB© dhm§ go BVZr ~‹S>r ~mV H$mo nMmH$a ~‹So>

ñdm^m{dH$ ‹T§>J go Mc n‹S>r?''9 Bg àH$ma nmíMmË` g§ñH¥${V H$m A§YmZwH$aU H$a Z o _yë`m|

H$s à{VñWm{nV H$a ^maVr` n[adma AmO n[adV©Z Ho$ Xm¡a go JwOa ahm h¡ Eogm h_ H$h|Jo&

6. ñÌr H$s Am{W©H$ ñdV§ÌVm …

_ÝZy Or H$s 'Xama âZo H$s Xama' H$hmZr _| ñÌr H$s Am{W©H$ ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ H$maU

nm[adm[aH$ OrdZ _| g§Kf© CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& AmO AZoH$ pñÌ`m± Ka Ho$ ~mha Zm¡H$ar H$aZo OmVr

h¢& CZHo$ Bg ~mha Ho$ OrdZ VWm nm[adm[aH$ H$V©ì`m| H$s ~rM EH$ àH$ma H$m g§Kf© CËnÝZ

hmoVm h¡& H$hmZr H$s 'e¥{V' H$mo H$m_H$mOr _{hcm hmoZo H$m Jd© h¡ Vmo '{d y' H$mo nwéf hmoZo H$m&

e¥{V AmË_{Z ©a hmoZo Ho$ {dMma go H$hVr h¡, ""ImZo Ho$ {cE AnZr Zm¡H$ar na {Z ©a H$aVr hÿ±

Am¡a OrZo Ho$ {cE AnZr H$cm na&''10 Bg àH$ma H$hmZr _| ZB© g_ñ`m na àH$me S>mcm h¢&

7. H$mZyZ Am¡a gm_m{OH$ {dKQ>Z …

H$mZyZ H$m g~go _hËdnyU© Xm{`Ëd h¡ {H$ g_mO _| gwajm Am¡a gwì`dñWm ~Zm o aIZm

h¡& na Eogo ^r cmoJ hmoVo h¢ {OZHo$ gmW H$mZyZ Ý`m` Zht H$a nmVm h¡& _ÝZy §S>mar H$s 'gOm'

H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go emgZ ì`dñWm Ed§ Ý`m`V§Ì H$s {dg§J{V`m| na VrIm ì §½` {H$`m h¡&

^maVr` H$mZyZ ì`dñWm H$s c§~r Am¡a IM©ucr à{H«$`m _| {XZoe O¡go ì`{º$ H$m _Ü`dJu`

n[adma ~war Vah ~a~mX hmo OmVm h¡& `h H$hmZr {XZoe H$s h¡ Omo Am°{\$g Ho$ ~rM hOma én o

(146)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Ho$ J~Z Ho$ PyRo> Amamon _| hdmcmV _| oO {X`m OmVm h¡& ''12 ^maVr` H$mZyZ H$s cå~r Am¡a

IMucr à{H«$`m _| _Ü`dJ© n[adma Qy>Q>H$a {~Ia OmVm h¡& {XZoe na Mma gmc _wH$X_m McVm

h¡& Bg Mma gmc Ho$ ~mX dh {ZXm©of Ny>Q>Vm h¡& Ý`m` àUmcr BVZo Yr_r J{V go McVr h¡ {H$

JwZmh Z H$aZodmco H$mo AnZr ~oJwZmhr H$mo gm{~V H$aZo Ho$ {cE H$B© dfm©o H$m B§VOma H$aZm

n‹S>Vm h¡& ""nßnm ~ar hmo J o! gwZVo h¢, AmnH$mo gOm Zht hþB©... gOm Zht hþB© h¡ AmnH$mo!''13

Bg àH$ma A§V _| {XZoe H$m {ZXm©of hmoH$a ^r gOm {_cZm Am¡a ~mX _| [ahm hmoZm, Cgo Am¡a

CgHo$ n[adma H$mo {H$g Vah {ZîàmU Am¡a g§km eyÝ` pñW{V ~ZmVr h¡ BgH$m __©ñneu {MÌU

XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&

8. n{V-nËZr Ho$ ~rM "Vrgao' go ~Zr {ÌH$moUmË_H$ g_ñ`m …

Xm§nË` g§~§Y _| Vrgao go ~Zr g_ñ`m go AnZr gm§ñH¥${VH$ na§nam H$mo ÜdñV H$aZo _|

H$moB© H$ga Zht N>mo‹S>r h¡& ñÌr-nwéfm| Ho$ ~rM H$m g§~§Y EH$ _hO EH$ emar[aH$ OéaV ~ZH$a

ah OmEJm Vmo H$B© g_ñ`mE CËnÝZ hmoJr&

Bg g§X © _| S>m°. C_m ewŠb H$m _§Vì` h¡ {H$, ""{ÌH$moU _| cQ>Ho$ ñÌr-nwéf g§~§Y `mZr Vrgao

ì`{º$ H$s CnpñW{V go n{V-nËZr g§~§Ym| _| O{Q>cVm AmB© h¡ Vmo Bggo n[adma Qy>Q> ^r aho

h¢&''14

_ÝZy §S>mar H$s "D±$MmB©' H$hmZr _| {edmZr AnZo n{V Am¡a nyd© ào_r H$mo yc Zht nmVr&

H$hmZr _| AnZo ào_r go H$hVr h¡, ""_oao {cE O¡go {e{ea d¡go Vw_ hmo&''15 AnZo n{V _| {e{ea

Am¡a ào_r AVwc Ho$ én _| {edmZr XmoZm| H$mo AnZmZm MmhVr h¡& dh AVwc Ho$ gmW {ddmh~mø

g§~§Y aIVr h¡& {e{ea H$mo Bg ~mV H$m nVm McZo na dh {e{ea go H$hVr h¡ {H$, ""erZy

Vwåhmar h¡ Am¡a Ho$dc Vwåhmar& n{V Ho$ én _| Vmo _¢ {H$gr AÝ` H$s H$ënZm ^r Zht H$a

gH$Vr, AVwc H$s ^r Zht&''16 Bg àH$ma dh ~o{hMH$ nËZr Am¡a ào{_H$m H$s y{_H$m {Z^mVr

h¡& {ddmhoÎma g§~§Y aIH$a ^r CgHo$ _Z _| {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m AnamY~moY Zht h¢&

"ñÌr gw~mo{YZr' H$hmZr _| A~moY wdVr emXrewXm qeXo Zm_H$ ~m°g Ho$ ào_Omc _| \±$g

OmVr h¡& {ddmh _| ~§Ym hmoH$a ^r qeXo {H$gr Xygar pñÌ`m| H$mo AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡& d¡dm{hH$

(147)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


OrdZ _| dh AV¥á Ag§Vwï> hmoZo H$m ~hmZm H$a wdVr H$mo \±$gmVm h¡& Am¡a H$hVm h¡, ""{nVm Ho$

Xdm~ _| AmH$a H$s hþB© emXr _oao OrdZ H$s g~go ~‹S>r Qo>OS>r ~Z JB©... ~rdr Ho$ ahVo ^r _¢

{H$VZm AHo$cm hÿ±... Xmo AOZ{~`m| H$s Vah EH$ N>V Ho$ ZrMo ahZo H$s `mVZm&''17

AV… gZ 1960 Ho$ Amgnmg H$m df© qhXr H$hmZr Ho$ {cE _hËdnyU© ahm h¡& BgH$m

H$maU `h h¡ {H$ ^maVr` gm_m{OH$ n[adoe _| gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOZr{VH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$

Am{X H$B© H$maUm| go h_mao OrdZ _yë`m| _| n[adV©Z hþAm& _ÝZy Or Zo AnZo aMZm gm{hË` _|

Bgr H$maU g§~§Ym| Ho$ Qy>Q>Zo H$s H$hm{Z`m| _| {H$gr-Z-{H$gr gm_m{OH$ g_ñ`m VWm gm_m{OH$

OrdZ H$m dmñV{dH$ {MÌU COmJa {H$`m h¢&g§X © J«§W …1.Zm_da qgh, H$hmZr Z`r H$hmZr, n¥. 242.dhr, n¥. 48-493.g§nm. S>m°. {H$emoa qgh amd/S>m°. _ram E. gŠgoZm, _ÝZy §S>mar H$s H$Wm `mÌm, n¥.624._ÝZy §S>mar, B§gm Ho$ Ka BÝgmZ (_¢ hma JB©), n¥.155._ÝZy §S>mar, amZr _m± H$m M~yVam (`hr gM h¡), n¥. 1166._ÝZy §S>mar, ZH$cr hrao (`hr gM h¡), n¥. 737._ÝZy §S>mar, aoV H$s Xrdma ({Ìe§Hw$), n¥. 918._ÝZy §S>mar, C±MmB©, (EH$ ßboQ> g¡cm~), n¥. 1269.dhr, n¥. 13610._ÝZy §S>mar, Xama âZo H$s Xama, ({Ìe§Hw$), n¥. 2911._ÝZy §S>mar, ~§X XamOmo H$m gmW, (EH$ ßboQ> g¡cm~), n¥.2312._ÝZy §S>mar, gOm, (`hr gM h¡), n¥.5913.dhr, n¥. 7214.S>m°. _mYdr OmYd, _ÝZy §S>mar Ho$ gm{hË` _| {M{ÌV g_ñ`mE±, n¥. 3415._ÝZy §S>mar, D±$MmB©, (EH$ ßboQ> g¡cm~), n¥.14216.dhr, n¥. 14717._ÝZy §S>mar, ~mhm| H$m Koam, (EH$ ßboQ> g¡cm~), n¥.10118.S>m°. H¥$îUH$m§V ^maÛmO, AmYw{ZH$ qhXr H$hmZr … Zmar OrdZ _yë`, n¥. 26519._ÝZy §S>mar, D±$MmB©, (EH$ ßboQ> g¡cm~), n¥. 136

(148)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{dZmoXHw$_ma ímwŠb Ho$ H$Wm gm{hË` H$m _mŠg©dmXr Ñ[ï> go AZwerbZ

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - IV-III

ímmoYN>mÌmn«m.R>m|~ao Cîmm VwH$mam_

CX`{Jar _hm{dX²`mc`,CXJra {O.cmVya

{dZmoX Hw$_ma ímwŠb Or Ho$ H$hmZr g§J«h "noS> na H$_am' Am¡a "_hm{dÚmc`' H$s

H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ H|$X« _| {ZåZ-_Ü`dJ© h¡& Bg dJ© H$s gm_m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ g_ñ`mAm| H$m gyú_

{MÌU h¡& ImgH$a J«m_ go ímha _| AmH$a Zm¡H$ar H$aZodmco `wdH$ H$mo H|$X« _| aIH$a

{dZmoXHw$_ma ímwŠb Zo gm{hË` g¥OZ {H$`m h¡& CZH$s "én o', "~moP', "noS> na H$_am' Am¡a

"Qw>H$S>m AmX_r' H$hm{Z`m| _| ha g_` _Z _| Û§Û, Am§V[aH$ g§Ìmg, KwQ>Z _hgwg H$aVo M[aÌ

h¢&

{dZmoXHw$_ma ímwŠb Ho$ H$Wm gm{hË` H$mo XoIZo Ho$ níMmV cJVm h¡ CÝhmoZo Am_ AmX_r

H$s g§doXZmAm| H$mo OmZZo H$m n« mg {H$`m h¡& {ZåZdJu` OrdZ H$mo n«ñVwV {H$`m h¡&

g_mO _| cmoJm| Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ g_yh hmoVo h¡& CZH$mo qcJ, nX, n«{VîR>m, ahZ-ghZ,

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(150)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(151)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(152)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(153)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(154)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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{XZH$a H$s H$hmZr ZE Jm±d _| J«m_rU {MÌU h¡& \$Urída ZmW aoUw H$s H$hmZr "n§M cmBQ'>

{dkmZ H$s ~T>Vr hþB© n«J{V Am¡a ^m¡{VH$Vm H$m n« md CX²Km{Q>V H$aVr h¡& Am§M{cH$ H$hm{Z`m|

_| Y_©dra ^maVr H$s "gm{dÌr Z§. Xmo ' n«_wI ahr h¡

g_mO _| ì`má ^«îQ>mMma, T>m|J, Hw$ar{V`m°, A§Y{dídmg, ê${T>`m±, Am[X Ho$ gm_Zo

{dX«mohmË_H$ ñda ZB© H$hm{Z`m| _| h_ AË`{YH$ XoI gH$Vo h¡& amOoÝX« `mXd H$s H$hm{Z`m| _|

"c§MQ>mB_', "{~amXar ~mha', "Vcdma n§MhOmar', "Z o Z o AmZo dmco', "n«íZdmMH$ no‹S>>>'>

Am[X _| gm_m{OH$ Am¡a amOZr{VH$ g_ñ`mAm| H$s qMVmAmo§ Ho$ n«{V OmJê$H$Vm A{^ì`ŠV h¡&

ZB© H$hmZr _| X{cV g_mO H$s g_ñ`mAm| H$m {MÌU ^r H$m\$s hþAm h¡& ím¡coím _{Q>`mZr H$s

H$hmZr "n«oV _wpŠV' X{cV g_mO Ho$ n«{V gdUm©o H$m Xwì ©dhma H$m _m{_©H$ {MÌU H$a ím¡boím

_{Q>`mZr Or Zo AnZr g§doXZm OVmB© h¡& §S>mar H$s "AmH$mím H$o AmBZo _| 'Am¡a Cîmm {n« d§Xm

H$s "H$moB© Zht ñÌr nwê$f', n{V-nËZr Ho$ g§~§Ymo H$mo {dímoîmV… {M{ÌV {H$`m h¡&

(155)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Zmar H$s _mZ{gH$Vm _| H$m\$s n[adV©Z Am`m h¡& Cîmm {n« d§Xm H$s H$hmZr "_moh~§Y' _|

Zrcy Eogr AmYw{ZH$ Zmar h¡ Omo AnZr qOXJr H$mo AnZr _Ou go AnZr ímVm©o na nyU©V… ñdV§Ì

ê$n go OrZo H$s H$cm OmZVr h¡& n{V amOZ Ho$ amoH$Zo na CgH$m Xmo Qy>H$ CËVa Bg n«H$ma XoVr

h¡ "Vw_ g_PZo H$s H$mopímím Š`m| Zht H$aVo amOZ _¢ EH$ Xmào _| ~§YH$a Zht ah gH$Vr' {ímjm

n«m{á Ho$ H$maU _{hcmAm| Ho$ OrdZ _| n[adV©Z hþAm h¡& hmcm{H$ J«m_rU Zm[a`m| Ho$ OrdZ _|

ñdV§ÌVm Am¡a n[ad{V©V _yë`m| H$mo ímham| H$s _{hcmAm| H$s VwcZm _| H$_ XoI gH$Vo h¡& H¥$îUm

gmo~Vr Zo AnZr H$hm{Z`m| _| Zmar Ho$ ApñVËd H$s gmW©H$Vm H$mo nmañn[aH$ Amngr g§~§Ymo _o

ImoO H$m gamhZr` n« ËZ {H$`m h¡& `m¡Z g§~§Ym| H$o n«{V Zm[a`m| _| H$m\$s n[adV©Z {XImB© nSo> h¡&

{Zê$n_m godVr H$s H$hmZr R>har hþB© Iam|M H$s ã yQ>rpím`Z _{hcm AnZo `m¡Z g§~§Ym| Ho$ g§X ©

_| IwcH$a ~‹S>>r hr {Z © Vm go ~mV H$aVr h¡ CgH$s X¥{ï> go `h g~ OoÝ wBZ h¡& Bg Vah

_{hcm H$s _mZ{gH$Vm Ho$ {d{dY n«{Vê$n ZB© H$hm{Z`m| _| {M{ÌV h¡& [aíVm| _| ~am~ar H$m XOm©

n«má hmoZo go ñÌr nwê$îm Ho$ n«o_ g§~§Ym| _o H$m\$s ~Xcmd Am`m h¡&

{ZîH$îm©V… h_ H$hV gH$Vo h¡ {H$ ZB© H$hmZr _| g_H$mcrZ ì`dñWm Ho$ n«{V {dX«moh H$m

ñda n«_wI h¡& ZB© H$hmZr Ho$ nmÌ gm§n«V H$hmZr _| ^maVr` g§ñH$ma Ho$ {cE g_má hmoVo hþE

{XImB© XoVo h¡& AmYw{ZH$ Zmar ^r ZB© H$hmZr _| AnZr nwar J[a_m, gƒmB© Am¡a CgHo$ dmñV{dH$

ê$n _| CâH$a gm_Zo Am`r h¡& Bg_| n«o_ Ho$ {d{dY ê$nm| _| ñdÀN§>X n«o_, goŠg, `m¡Zg§~§Y Ho$

Xím©Z hmoVo h¡¡& ZB© H$hmZr Zo h_mar Amdí`H$VmZwgma ZB© g_ñ`mE°§ {OVZr ^r CZ g^r H$m Z o

VarHo$ go CÎma ^r {XU h¡. {XE h¡& n[aUm_ñdê$n dmMH$ Am¡a H$hm{ZH$ma Ho$ ~rM {dídg{Z`Vm

H$m\$s ~T‹>r h¡&g§X^© gwMr …-1 ZB© H$hmZr _| Zò OrdZ_yë`, {hÝXr H$hmZr … aMZm n«{H«$`m, S>m°. na_mZ§X lrdmñVd2 AmYw{ZH$ ^maV H$m gm_m{OH$ VWm Am{W©H$ {dH$mg, g§. {ímdHw$_ma Jwá3 {hÝXr H$hmZr AnZr O~mZr, S>m°. BÝX«ZmW _XmZ4 {hÝXr H$hmZr A§Va§J nhMmZ, am_Xaím {_l

5 {hÝXr H$hmZr… ~XVco n«{V_mZ, S>m°. aKwda X`mc dmîU©o`

(156)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$WmbmoMZ … AmYw{ZH$ H$Wm-gm{hË` _| {M[ÌV Zmar

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - IV-V

S>m°. naqdXaH$m¡a _hmOZ (H$moëhmnyao)ZoVmOr gw^mfM§Ð ~mog _hm{dÚmb`, Zm§XoS>

""ñdmV§Í`moÎma qhXr gm{hË` _| d¡ {ŠVH$-gm_m{OH$ OrdZ H$s ^rVar-~mhar

g_ñ`mAm| H$m A§H$Z Am¡a Z¡{VH$Vm Ho$ Z o _mnXÊS>m| H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo H$m à`mg

h¡, OrdZ H$s O{Q>bVmAm| {d{dYVmAm| H$m {ZénU hr BgH$m H$må` ahm h¡Ÿ& H$mì`

_| AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX àJ{VdmX, à`moJdmX, Z`r H${dVm, AH${dVm Am{X H$s MMm© hþB©

h¡, Vmo H$Wm-gm{hË` _| ZB© H$hmZr, AH$hmZr, gMoVZ H$hmZr, AMoVZ H$hmZr Am{X

H$m {dMma Am`m h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z AmµOmXr Ho$ ~mX H${dVm H$m ñWmZ Yrao-Yrao Jm¡U hmoVm

J`mŸ& b§~o g_` VH$ gm{hË` _| dM©ñd aIZo Ho$ ~mX BgH$m ñWmZ A~ H$Wm-gm{hË`

Zo bo {b`m h¡Ÿ& AmO Ho$ g_` Am¡a g_mO H$s MwZm¡{V`m|, A§V{d©amoYm|, {dg§J{V`m|,

{dÐÿnVmAm| Am¡a §ÌUmAm| H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZo _| H$Wm-gm{hË` AË`{YH$ gj_ gm{~V

hþAm h¡Ÿ&''1 AmYw{ZH$ n[ad{V©V OrdZ H$s Vah H$Wm-gm{hË` Ho$ ñdén _| ^r n[adV©Z

hmoVm ahm h¡Ÿ& H$Wm-gm{hË` _| OrdZ Ho$ {d{dYmZw dm| H$mo g_oQ> H$a CZH$m dñVw{Zð>

{MÌU {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mbI§S> _| Ohm± Zmar OrdZ

Ho$ AÝ` joÌm| _| AmJo Am`r dht `h H$Wm-gm{hË` _| ^r AnZr A{_Q> N>mn N>mo‹S>Vr

ZµOa AmZo bJrŸ&

AmYw{ZH$ g§MoVZm go Ow‹S>o AZw d-jÌ H$mo _hgygVr-n[a{MV hmoVr AmYw{ZH$

_{hbm H$Wm bo{IH$mAm| Zo nyU© B©_mZXmar go Zmar _Z H$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aZo H$m à`mg

{H$`m h¡Ÿ& ~XbVo ór-nwéf, n{V-nËZr g§~§Y, _yë`, AdYmaUmE± Am¡a Zmar H$s ~XbVr

y{_H$m H$mo ^r dV©_mZ bo{IH$mAm| Zo {M{ÌV {H$`m h¡Ÿ& BgàH$ma AmYw{ZH$ H$Wm-

gm{hË` _o§ Zmar H$m {MÌU {d{^Þ Am`m_m|, énm| Am¡a Ñ{ï>`m| go hþAm h¡Ÿ&

(157)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AmYw{ZH$ H$Wm bo{IH$mAm| Zo {OZ [aíVm| Am¡a g§~§Ym| H$mo H|$Ð _| aIm, CZ_|

ór-nwéf, n{V-nËZr g§~§Y _hËdnyU© h¢Ÿ& g^r AÝ` g§~§Ym| H$m _ybmYma dh g§~§Y

^maVr` g_mO _| à_wI h¡Ÿ& n{V Am¡a nËZr Ho$ én _| nwéf Am¡a ór H$m `h XmånË`-

^md {ddmh Am¡a n[adma H$m à_wI AmYma h¡Ÿ& g_` Ho$ gmW-gmW Bg_| ^r n[adV©Z

Am`m h¡Ÿ& {H$ÝVw ^maVr` XmånË`-OrdZ Am¡a g§~§Ym| _| H«$m§{VH$mar n[adV©Z h_| AmYw{ZH$

wJ go hmoVm ZµOa AmVm h¡Ÿ& àmMrZ Am¡a é‹T> _mÝ`VmAm| Ho$ {dn[aV H«$m{ÝV Am¡a {damoY

Ho$ ñda, {dkmZ H$s CÝZ{V, ì`{ŠV-OrdZ VWm gm_m{OH$-OrdZ Ho$ _yë`m| _| n[adV©Z

Ho$ n[aUm_ñdén ^maVr` XmånË`-OrdZ g§~§Yr _yë`m| Am¡a _mÝ`VmAm| _| ^r H«$m§{VH$mar

n[adV©Z hþEŸ& ñdmV§Í`moÎma {h§Xr H$Wm-gm{hË` _| gm{hË`H$mam| Zo Bgo Bgr ~XbVo

n[aàoú` _| XoIZo H$m à`mg {H$`mŸ& AmYw{ZH$ qhXr H$Wm bo{IH$mAm| Zo AnZr Ñ{ï>

go, Zmar H$s Ñ{ï> go Bgo OmZm-nhMmZm Am¡a `WmW© VWm {d{dYm§Jr X¥{ï>H$moU AnZmVo

hþE A{^ì`ŠV {H$`mŸ&

ór-nwéf g§~§Ym| H$s g_mZVm, gmW©H$Vm, n[adma Ed§ g_mO _| Zmar H$m _hËd,

{ddmh, XmånË` OrdZ Am¡a CZgo g§~§{YV {d{^ÝZ A§Jm|, njm| Am¡a àíZm| H$mo dmUr

XoZo H$m H$m © BZ bo{IH$mAm| Zo {H$`m h¡Ÿ& nmañnm[aH$ ào_, {dídmg, gm¡hmÐ©, gå_mZ,

ghmZw y{V Am¡a g_mZY{_©Vm VWm `m¡ZV¥{ßV Ho$ gmW _Z…V¥{ßV XmånË` OrdZ Ho$ _hËdnyU©

VÎd _mZo OmVo h¡, {OZHo$ D$na XmånË` OrdZ {Q>H$m hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {H$ÝVw nwéfgÎmmË_H$

ì`dñWm _| Bg_| ^r nwéfr gÎmm H$m loð>Îd VWm EH$m{YH$maemhr Ho$ MbVo Zmar OrdZ

H$mo BgHo$ n[aUm_ wJVZo n‹S>o h¢Ÿ& _{hbm bo{IH$mAm| Zo gwIr XmånË` OrdZ H$s

BÝÐYZwfr N>Q>m {~IoaVo hþE, Zrag VWm ~mo{Pb Qy>Q>Vo XmånË` OrdZ H$s ^r ~‹S>r

geŠV VWm ~o~mH$ A{^ì`{ŠV H$s h¡Ÿ& gwIr XmånË` OrdZ _| n{V-nËZr H$m Amngr

Vmb_ob Am¡a nmañn[aH$ ñZoh _hËdnyU© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bgo {Q>H$mE aIZo H$s MmhV ha

Zmar H$aVr h¡Ÿ& Bgr ^maVr` _mZ{gH$Vm H$mo _mbVr Omoer Zo AnZr aMZmAm| _| ñnï>

{H$`m h¡Ÿ& AË`mMma, AÝ`m` H$mo ghVo hþE ^r n[adma VWm g§VmZ Ho$ {bE AnZo

(158)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


XmånË` OrdZ H$mo {H$gr Vah ~ZmE-~MmE aIZo H$s H$mo{ee h_| BZH$s aMZmAm|

_| {XImB© XoVr h¡Ÿ& na§namJV ^maVr` {MÝVZ Ho$ AmYma na BÝhm|Zo ào_-{ddmh, XmånË`

OrdZ H$mo AnZo "ghMm[aUr', "nmfmU- wJ' CnÝ`mgm| H$m {df` ~Zm`mŸ& XmånË` OrdZ

_| n{V-nËZr Ho$ g§~§Ymo _| ~‹T>Vo Xwamd-{~ãmd H$mo nyar g§doXZerbVm Ho$ gmW BÝhm|Zo

àñVwV {H$`m h¡Ÿ&

ào_ Am¡a {ddmh g§~§Yr ~XbVr _mÝ`VmAm| Am¡a _yë`mo§ H$mo AmYw{ZH$ H$Wm-

gm{hË` _| `WmW© Ñ{ï> go XoIm-na˜m J`m h¡Ÿ& ào_, Omo nhbo {dewÕ AmpË_H$-Z¡{VH$

WamVb na _hgygZo VWm AZw d H$aZo H$s à{H«$`m _mZr OmVr WrŸ& AmO BgH$s

n[a^mfm ~Xb JB© h¡Ÿ& ào_ _o emar[aH$ n{dÌVm VWm Z¡{VH$Vm Ho$ ~§YZ H$mo H$ht _mZm

J`m Vmo H$ht nyar Vah CgH$m {damoY ^r {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& Ohm± nma§nm[aH$Vm Ho$ ~§YZm|

_| OH$‹S>r Zmar Ho$ {bE AnZr emar[aH$ _m§J VWm `m¡Z {df`m| na IwbH$a MMm© H$aZm

Ag§ d Wm dht AmO Bgna H$W bo{IH$mAm| Zo IwbH$a VWm `WmW© {bIZo H$m à`mg

{H$`m h¡Ÿ& _{hbm bo{IH$mAmo§ Zo H$m_-gwI H$mo nyar Vah àmH¥${VH$ VWm X¡{hH$

Amdí`H$Vm _mZ BgH$m {MÌU H$aZo _| H$ht ^r {H$gr àH$ma Ho$ ~§YZ VWm gr_m

H$mo ñdrH$ma Zht {H$`mŸ& BZ X¡{hH$ Am¡a H$m_ g§~§Ym| H$s Iwbr ñdrH¥${V Ho$ H$maU

{ddmhnyd© VWm {ddmhoÎma VWm H$B© nwéfm| Ho$ gmW `m¡Z-g§~§Ym| H$mo ^r JbV Zht _mZm

J`mŸ& erb, M[aÌ, gVrËd, EH${Zð>Vm, g_n©U Am{X _yë`m| VWm nm[adm[aH$ Am¡a

gm_m{OH$ _mÝ`VmAm| H$mo [ZaW©H$ _mZ Zmar _Z H$s gyú_ ^mdZmAm| Ho$ gmW CZH$s

Xoh H$s Oê$aVm| H$m ^r _Zmod¡km{ZH$ {MÌU {H$`m J`m & BÝht _yë`m|, _`m©XmAm| Ho$

AmdaU H$mo CVma \|$H$ H¥$îUm gmo~Vr H$s hm‹S>-_m§g H$s Zmar {_Ìmo Zo gm{hË` _|

{dñ\$moQ>-gm OÝ_ {b`mŸ& "{_Ìmo _aOmZr', "`mam| Ho$ `ma', "gyaO_wIr A§Yoao Ho$' O¡gr

aMZmAm| _| CÝhm|Zo X¡{hH$ Amdí`H$Vm VWm _m§J H$m `WmW© {MÌU {H$`m h¡Ÿ&

AmYw{ZH$ _{hbm H$Wm bo{IH$mAm| Zo Zmar Ho$ ì`{ŠVËd H$mo, CgH$s {d{eï>

nhMmZ H$mo COmJa H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s h¡Ÿ& ~XbVo g_mO-_yë` VWm {ejm Ho$

(159)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


àgma-àMma Ho$ n[aUm_ñdê$n Zmar Zo AnZo ApñVËd VWm ì`{ŠËd H$mo ZB© Ñ{ï> go

Am±H$Zo H$s H$mo{ee H$sŸ& AnZr Apñ_Vm H$s ImoO _| dh na§namJV O‹S> _yë`m| H$mo

MwZm¡Vr XoVr hþB© AnZr AbJ nhMmZ g_mO _| ~Zm ahr h¡Ÿ& _m±, nËZr, ~hZ, ~oQ>r

Ho$ na§namJV BZ ~§YZm| go _wŠV EH$ _Zwî` VWm _mZd Ho$ én _| dh AnZo H$s

XoIZm MmhVr h¡Ÿ& ñdV§ÌVm VWm g_mZVm Ho$ A{YH$mam| H$s _m§J Ho$ à{V gMoV Zmar

H$m {MÌm§H$Z A{YH$m§e _{hbm bo{IH$mAm| Zo {H$`m h¡Ÿ& dht AmO Bg Cn^moŠVmdmXr

VWm _r{S>`m Ho$ µO_mZo _| Zmar H$mo Ho$db dñVw H$s Vah _mZZodmbr A§Y-AmYw{ZH$

àd¥{Îm H$mo ^r _{hbm bo{IH$mAm| Zo A{^ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡Ÿ& AmYw{ZH$ H$Wm-bo{IH$mAm|

Zo Zmar H$mo AmË_{Z ©aVm VWm AnZo ì`{ŠVËd Ho$ CËWmZ Ho$ {bE g§Kf©aV ~Vm`m

h¡Ÿ&

AmO H$s {e{jV-à{e{jV Zmar ha joÌ _| H$m ©aV h¡Ÿ& Am{W©H$ ñdm`VÎmm

Ho$ H$maU CgHo$ {dMmam| Am¡a OrdZÑ{ï> _| n[adV©Z Am`m h¡Ÿ& ""gaH$mar, J¡a-gaH$mar

g§ñWmAm| X²>dmam {H$E JE AÜ``Z ~VmVo h¡ {H$ Bg nr‹T>r H$s {ó`m| Omo D$na go

_r{S>`m gVH©$, H$åß yQ>a, nrµOm, ZyS>ëg H$ëMa, nmíMmË` doe yfm, nmíMmË` g§JrV

Am¡a OrdZe¡br H$m AZwgaU H$aVr h¢ bo{H$Z `WmW© BVZm hr Zht h¡. o {ó`m± à~wÕ,

{dMmaerb, J§ ra, H$V©ì`{Zð> Am¡a g_` gMoV h¡Ÿ& {d{dY g§ñH¥${V`m| Ho$ {_eZdmbo

_hmZJam| H$s Bg ZB© nr‹T>r H$m AnZm EH$ _m°S> ñQ>mB©b Adí` h¡ bo{H$Z AmË_{dídmg

go ânya, VH©$nyU© Am¡a {dMmaàYmZ h¡Ÿ& na§nam Am¡a nwamVZVm H$mo boH$a BZHo$ nmg

{bO{bOr ^mdwH$Vm Zht h¡Ÿ&''2

AmYw{ZH$ H$Wm bo{IH$mAm| Zo H$m_H$mOr Zmar Ho$ Ka Am¡a ~mha H$s Q>H$amhQ>,

^mdZmË_H$ g§Kf© VWm _ZmoXem H$m AË §V `WmW© én _| {MÌU {H$`m h¡Ÿ& BZ H$m_H$mOr

Zm[a`m| _| EH$ dJ© Eogm h¡ Omo gwna dy_Z ~ZH$a Ka Am¡a ~mha XmoZm| y{_H$mAm|

H$mo nyU© Ý`m` XoZo H$m à`mg H$aVr h¡Ÿ& na§namdmXr, g_Pm¡VmdmXr VWm Ka n[adma

H$mo ~ZmE aIZodmbm BZ Zm[a`m| H$m dJ© g~go ~‹S>m h¡Ÿ&

(160)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{H$ÝVw AmO H$m_H$mOr Zmar H$m EH$ Eogm dJ© ^r Câm h¡, Omo Ka Am¡a

{ddmh Ho$ à{V ~‹S>m hr VQ>ñW ^md {bE h¡Ÿ& n{V H$m Ka Ho$ à{V do ~am~a H$m

Xm{`Ëd _mZVr h¡Ÿ& Bg dJ© H$s Zmar ào_ `m ^mdZmAm| H$s ~m‹T> _| Zht§ ~hVrŸ& H$m_

g§~§Ym| Ho$ à{V ^r H$m_H$mOr Zm[a`m| H$s YmaUmAm| _| n[adV©Z Am`m h¡Ÿ& AmYw{ZH$

H$Wm bo{IH$mAm| _| _¥Xwbm JJ©, amOr goR>, e{eà^m emór Am{X Zo BZ VÏ`m| H$mo

AnZr aMZmAm| _| g_oQ>Zo H$m à`mg {H$`m h¡Ÿ&

ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ níMmV² {d{^ÝZ njm|, {df`m| Am¡a dJm| H$mo boH$a {bIZo H$m

à`mg BZ bo{IH$mAm| Zo {H$`m h¡Ÿ& {d{^ÝZ Y_m|, dJm|, ñVam|, Xoem| H$s Zmar H$s {d{^ÝZ

g_ñ`mAm| Am¡a _ZmoXemAm| H$m g_mdoe Bg boIZ _| hþAm h¡Ÿ& H$mbmÝVa _| Zmar

Zo AnZo ñdm{^_mZ Am¡a AmË_{dídmg Ho$ ~b na AnZm _mZdr én g_mO _| àñWm{nV

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(161)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(162)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(163)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(164)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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{^ÝZ Zht hþAm H$aVr& `{X H$moB© H$hmZrH$ma gmW©H$ H$hm{Z`m± {cIVm h¡ Vmo ñnîQ>

(165)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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h¡ {H$ H$hmZr _o§ {eënn« moJ H$s Jw§OmBe H$_ h¡& co{H$Z BgH$m Ame` `h Zht h¡

(166)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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Or H$s H|$X«r` nwê$f H$s Ed§ AZoH$ H$WmcmoMZ H$s pñW{V _oê$XÊS> H$s h¡ BgH$m

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(167)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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(173)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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H$s ImoO H$m H$m © ~hþV H$_ hþAm h¡& A§VV… H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ AmO Ho$ {hÝXr

(174)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ZmQ²>`mcmoMZ Ho$ g_j {OZ MwZm¡{V`m| H$m C„oI Cna {H$`m J`m h¡, AJa AmO H$m

AmcmoMH$ CÝh| ñdrH$ma H$ao Am¡a Cggo gå~pÝYV g_ñ`mAm| H$mo ^cr-^m±{V g_PH$a

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05) g_H$mcrZ a§J_§M Am¡a Z`m ZmQ>H$-S>m°. OJXre e_m©-n¥.05







(181)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ZmQ>² mZwdmX … ñdê$n E§d g_ñ`mE±

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - V-III

n«m. Hw$cH$Uu H¥$îUHw$_ma ~mcmgmho~

n«{V^m {ZHo$VZ H$m°coO, Zm§XoS>

gm{hË` _ycV… gm{hË`H$ma H$s gm¢X`m©Zw y{V H$m ^mfm`r ê$nmV§aU hmoVm h¡ Am¡a

gm{hË`ZwdmX H$m AW© h¡ Cg ê$nmÝVaU H$mo AÝ` ^mfm _| A§VaU H$aZm `h Omo

A§VaU hmoVm h¡ dh Ho$dc ^mfmJV Zht hmoVm Vmo aMZmJV hmoVm h¡& Bg aMZm _|

aMZmH$ma H$s "{ZOVm" hmoVr h¡& `hr "{ZOVm" aMZmH$ma H$s {ZOr n«km Am¡a ^mfm`r

na§nam H$s g_pÝd{V H$m n[aUm_ hmoVm h¡& Bg{cE ha H$moB© aMZm aMZmH$ma Ho$ ^mfm,

gm{hË` Am¡a g§ñH$mamo Ho$ gmW CnpñWV hmoVr h¡&

ZmQ²>`mZwdmX H$aVo dŠV AZwdmXH$ _hËdnyU© ì`pŠV h¡& AZwdmXH$ H$mo Cgo

EH$ AÝ` ^mfm _| A§V[aV H$aVo dŠV O~ Cg ^mfm H$s ^r AnZr ^mfm`r Am¡a

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gm{hË` VWm aMZmH$ma BZ H$s {ZOVm Am¡a AZwdmXH$ H$s {ZOVm Bg _| Q>H$amhQ>

hmoZr hr h¡& BÝhr Ho$ Q>H$amhQ> go ZmQ>çmZwdmX _| g_ñ`mE± CËnÞ hmoVr h¡ Bgr H$maU

AZwdmXH$ H$mo Eogo pñW{V _| AnZr j_Vm Am¡a Hw$ecVm H$m ghmam coH$a gm§_Oñ`

ñWm{nV H$aZm hmoVm h¡& Zht Vmo AZwdmX EH$ ^rfU AnKmV ~Z OmVm h¡, {Og_|

aMZm Am¡a aMZmH$ma BZ XmoZm| Ho$ gmW-gmW AZwdmX H$m ^r _V hmoZm AQ>c h¡&

gm{hË` _o g^r {dYmAm| _§o AZwdmX H$aVo h¡ co{H$Z AÝ` {dYm Am¡a ZmQ²>`

{dYm _| EH$ _yc yV A§Va h¡& AÝ` {dYm {dewX²Y gm{hpË`H$ h¡ Vmo ZmQ>H$ {dewX²Y

gm{hË` Zht h¡& ZmQ>H$ H$mo X¥î`H$mì` H$hm OmVm h¡ Š`m|H$s, Cg_| H$mì` h¡ co{H$Z

Cgo X¥î`Ëd _| n«H$Q> H$aZm A{Zdm © h¡& A§V… `h eãX AYyao h¡ O~ VH$ ZmQ>H$

(182)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_| X¥î`Ëd H$m Am`m_ Omo‹S>>m Zht OmVm V~ VH$ CgH$s gmW©H$Vm Zht hmoVr& Bg{cE

ZmQ²>`mZwdmX go `h VmËn © h¡ {H$ ZmQ²>`g§{hVm H$m AZwdmX Zht h¡ A{nVw "ZmQ²>`g§{hVm

_| Omo {Z{hV ZmQ²>`" h¡ CgH$m AZwdmX H$aZm Oê$ar h¡ &

Bg H$maU ZmQ²>`mZwdmX H$aVo dŠV Hw$N> gm_mÝ` g_ñ`mAm| Ho$ gmW {deof

g_ñ`mAm| H$m gm_Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& BZ g^r g_ñ`mAm| H$mo g§jon _| `hm± n«ñVwV

{H$`m h¡&

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AZwdmX n«{H«$`m H$m n«W_ Am¡a A{Zdm © A§J h¡ & AZwdmX H$s g\$cVm Hw$N> Bgr

j_Vm na {Z ©a hmoVr h¡& {Zd} pŠVH$Vm H$mo nmZo H$mo gmYZm go OmZm n‹S>Vm h¡& AÝ`

{dYmAm| Ho$ Anojm ZmQ²>` {dYm _| aMZmH$ma ì`pŠV {deof H$s ^mdmZw y{V H$s Anojm

`h g_mO {dfof H$s ^mdmZw y{V Ho$ gmW ghO Amoa gKZ ~Z OmVm h¡& Bg{cE

H${d go Á`mXm ZmQ>H$H$ma H$s ^mdmZw y{V Am¡a gm¢X`m©Zw y{V go A{YH$ _mÌm _| Am¡a

ghO ê$n _| VÏ`Vm nmZo _| g\$c hmo OmVm h¡&

aMZmH$ma Am¡a AZwdmXH$ H$m "dodcoW" {_c J`m Vmo AZwdmX _yc aMZm Ho$

ñdmX gm hmo OmVm h¡, Zht Vmo _w±h H$m ñdmX ^r N>rZ coVm h¡ & Bg{cE AZwdmXH$

AnZr ê${M H$m M`Z H$aVm h¡& Eogr hmcV AÝ` {dYm _| hmoVr h¡ co{H$Z ZmQ²>`mZwdmX

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h¡& `hm± {ZX}eH$ Am¡a ZmQ²>` {Z_m©Vm _hËdnyU© hmoVm h¡ & H$^r H$^r AZwdmXH$ H$mo

AnZr ê${M Ho$ {Icm\$ AZwdmX H$aZo n‹S>Vo h¡& Eogo ZmQ²>`mZwdmX _yc aMZm Ho$ n«{V~ÜX

Zht hmoVo Bg{cE ZmQ²>`mZwdmX ~hþV H$_ _mÌm _| g\$c hmoVo h¡& Bg_| _amR>r ZmQ²>`gm{hË`

geŠV n«_mU h¡& _amR>r _| Hw$N> {dXoer ZmQ²>` aMZm na Hw$N> ê$nmÝV[aV h¡ co{H$Z

_m¡{cH$ H$hcmVr h¡& _hËdnyU© H$maU `h h¡ {H$ AmXoemZwê$n g\$c AZwdmX gm{hË oVa

{dYmAm| H$m hmo gH$Vm h¡ gm{hË` {dYmAm| H$m Zht& O~ VH$ aMZmH$ma Am¡a AZwdmX

(183)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$s d¢dcoW Zht {_cVr V~ VH$ AZwdmX ^mfm`r CëWm _mÌ hmoVm h¡&

ZmQ²>`mZwdmX _| aMZmH$ma H$s {ZOVm H$s ajm H$aZm AZwdmXH$ H$m na_ Xm{`Ëd

hmoVm h¡& Bg{cE aMZmH$ma H$s {ZOVm AZwdmXH$ AnZr {ZOVm Ho$ {dgO©Z Ûmam H$aVm

h¡& AÝ` {dYmAm| go ZmQ²>` {dYm _o `h n«Ia ê$n go {XIVm h¡& AZwdmX _| aMZmH$ma

H$m {ZOËd H$m AÝVaU AJa Zht hmo nm`m Vmo dh ZmQ²>`mZwdmX {ZaW©H$ h¡& qhXr

_| Oè§H$a n«gmX, _mohZ amHo$e, cú_rZmamÙ cmc, gwa|X« d_m© _amR>r _| {dO`

VoXw§cH$a, _hof EcHw$M§dma, gVrf AmcoH$a Am{X Ho$ ZmQ²>`H¥${V`m| _| BZ ZmQ>H$H$mam|

H$m "{ZOËd" XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡ &

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ZmJar na§namAm| _| g_mZVm {XImB© XoVr h¡ co{H$Z cmoH$ZmQ²>` naånam {^Þ h¡& ha

EH$ ZmQ²>` naånam Ho$ ê$n, g§ñH$ma AcJ hmoVo h¡& Bg_| ~hþV {XŠH$Vo AmVr h¡&

`hm± {deofH$a {OZ ZmQ>H$mo _| cmoH$a§J VËdm| H$m n« moJ hþAm h¡ BZHo$ AZwdmX Ho$ {cE

ñÌmoV Am¡a cú` naånam H$m ~‹S>r JhamB© go AÜ``Z H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Eogo ZmQ>H$

a§J_§M Am¡a g_mO H$s gm§ñH¥${VH$ Yamoha hmoVr h¡ & ZmQ²>`ê$nm| Am¡a g§ñH$mam| _| Omo

{^ÞVm AmVr h¡ `h CZH$s {ZOVm hmoVr h¡ & Bgr {ZOVm H$m AZwdmX _| ajm H$aZm

AZwdmXH$ H$m na_ Xm{`Ëd h¡ &

n[adoe ^r ZmQ²>`mZwdmX H$aVo dŠV Amdí`H$ A§J h¡& dñVw, g§dmX, ZmQ>ç,

ì`mnma, Üd{Z, a§J, ZonÏ` doe `h n[adoe A§VJ©V AmVo h¡& `h ZmQ>çmZwdmX _o§ n[adoe

H$m A§ÝVaU ~hþV H${R>U H$m © h¡& AÝ` CnÝ`mg H$hmZr _| {dícofU (fmãXrH$) Ho$

ghmao H$m © {H$`m OmVm h¡, nmX{Q>ßn{Z`m| H$m ghmam {c`m OmVm h¡ & ZmQ>H$ _| Eogr

H$N> gw{dYm CncãY Zht hmoVr & BgH$s ~w{Z`mX gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[adoe h¡& _yc aMZm

Am¡a AZwÚ ^mfm _| gm§ñH¥${VH$ {^ÞVm A{YH$ _mÌm _| hmo Vmo AZwdmX Qo>‹T>r Ira

~Z OmVm h¡ &

_yc aMZm Ho$ n[adoe H$mo hÿ-~-hÿ AÝVaU AÝ` ^mfm _| A§no{S>Šg gm cJVm

(184)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h¡ Am¡a Cgo AÝ` {c~mg nhZZo na {dXweH$gm ~Z OmVm h¡& _Ü`_mJ© ñdrH$maZm

gw{dYmOZH$ ahoJm& `hm± EH$ ~mV Ü`mZ _| aIZm h¡ & Xw{Z`m H$s n«Ë oH$ ^mfm AnZr

g§ñH¥${V go A{^Þ hmoVr h¡& Bg{cE H$moB© ^r ^mfm AÝ` g§ñH¥${V H$mo Á`m| H$m Ë`m|

ì`ŠV Zht H$a gH$Vr _yc aMZm _| cmoH$g§ñH¥${V H$m n[ade hmo Vmo CgH$m AÝ`

^mfm _| AÝVaU AË`{YH$ XwîH$a H$m © ahoJm &

ZmQ>H$ H$mo g~ {dYmAm| go AcJ nhMmZZo dmcm EH$ VËd h¡ Omo ZmQ²>` ^mfm h¡&

""ZmQ>H$ EH$ XwYmar {dYm h¡"" Eogm Z§X{H$emoa AmMm © H$hVo h¡ gm{hË` Am¡a a§J_M

h¡ ZmQ²>` ^mfm co{H$Z ZmQ>H$H$ma H$mo EH$ MwZm¡Vr hmoVr h¡ BZ XmoZm| Ho$ H$m © H$mo ^mfm

Ho$ _mÜ`_ go nmZm ZmQ>H$ _| ^mfm H$m _mÜ`_ A{^ZoVm hmo OmVm h¡& ZmQ>H$ _|

^mfm Ho$ gmW gmW ha MrO ~moc CRµ>Vr h¡ CgH$s EH$ AcJ ^mfm hmoVr h¡& eãXm|

Ho$ ~rM H$m _m¡Z ^r _wIa hmo CRµ>Vm h¡& ^mfm Ho$ gmW gmW, ZmQ²>`g§dmX, Üd{Z

g§ moOZ, CƒmaU H$s J{V, ñdamKmV, ~cmKmV, Am¡a ^md ì §OZm BZH$s g_pÝdVr

^r {dÚ_mZ hmoVr h¡, Bg{cE ZmQ²>`mZwdmXH$ H$mo ñÌmoV Am¡a cú` ^mfm H$s n«H¥${V

H$m gwú_ kmZ Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡& ZmQ>H$ Ho$ ha M[aÌ H$s AnZr ^mem hmoVr h¡ dh

ì`pŠV ~mocr hmoVr h¡ {d{eï> eãXmdcr H$m n« moJ, CƒmaU BZ g~ H$m AZwdmX gVH©$Vm

Ho$ gmW H$aZm n‹S>Zm n‹S>Vm h¡& n«hgZ Am¡a H$m_{X`m| Ho$ g§dmXmo H$m H$m © XwîH$a

hmoVm h¡& BZ g§dmXmo H$s ì §OZm n«YmZVm {dfofVm hmoVr h¡& hmñ` ì §J CZHo$ n«mU hmoVo

h¡& `hm± AZwdmXH$ H$s Wmo‹S>r gr ^r AgmdYmZr BZHo$ "n«mU nIoê$" C‹S> OmZo H$s

g§ mdZm hmoVr h¡&

A§{V_V… Eogm H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ZmQ²>àMZm _yc H$s nyar AW©dËVm,

gm§ñH¥${VH$ J[a_m Ed§ a§J gm¢X © Am{X H$m AÝ` ^mfm _| A§VaU H$aVo g_` ñÌmoV,

Am¡a cú` ^mfmAm| H$s n«H¥${V, g§ñH¥${V Am¡a ZmQ>ç na§nam H$m gwú_ AÜ``Z Amdî`H$

h¡& g§dmXm| H$m epãXH$ CëWm _mÌ ZmQ>çmZwdmX Zht h¡, {d{fï> ^mfm H$m g§ñH¥${V Ho$

ZmQ²>`mZw d E§d a§J na§nam H$m gå`H$ H$cmË_H$ A§VaU ZmQ>çmZwdmX h¡&

(185)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_amR>r ^mfr qhXr AmcmoMH$

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VI ( I )

(186)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_hmamï´> Ho$ qhXr AmcmoMH$…S>m°. gy ©ZmamÙ aUgw o

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VI-I

S>m°. gm¡. a_m à. Zdco{d^mJmÜ`j

g³mVH$moÎma qhXr {d^mJ Ed§ AZwg§YmZ H|$Ðnrnëg H$m°coO Zm§XoS>

àñVmdZm

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MMm© Zht h¡& h_ ^r Xya Ho$ cmoJm| Ho$ Zm_ Vmo coVo h¢; na h_mao {ZH$Q> h_mao hr

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h¡ Am¡a `hr dh X{jU Ûma h¡ {OZHo$ H$maU qhXr H$m Ûma IwcVm h¡Ÿ& - Jm¡ad

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h¡ dh A{ÛVr` h¡Ÿ& - dhr - àma§ go

(187)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


emoY nÌ H$m CÔoí`

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na àH$me S>mcZm &

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coZodmco VWm AË §V H${R>ZmB`m| Ho$ ~mdOyX OrdZ na ào_ H$aZodmco OrdZào_r & S>m°.

gy ©ZmamÙ aUgw oOr H$mo H$B© nwañH$mam| go Zdm‹Om J`m h¡Ÿ& {OZHo$ qhXr Am¡a _amR>r

(188)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_| àH$m{eV nwñVH$m| H$s g§»`m 61 h¢ & gO©H$, AZwdmXH$, AmcmoMH$, g§nmXH$ Ho$

ê$n _| {OZH$m H$m © AË §V _m¡{cH$ h¡& {dkmZ H$s Vm{H©$H$Vm, pñW{V`m| H$s H$R>moaVm

Ho$ ~mdOyX BZH$m ì`{º$Ëd {ZIaVm hr J`m h¡& {dO`~hmXwa qgh Zo H$hm h¡ - na

{ZH$Q> OmVo hr cJZo cJVm h¡ {H$ `h {g\©$ n‹T>m-{cIm e»g Zht h¡ Ÿ& JwZm-YwZm

AmX_r ^r h¡& BgHo$ eãX AmVo Vmo Cgr eãXH$mof go h¡ na BgHo$ qMVZ Am¡a AZw dm|

H$s Am±M _| nH$H$a BVZo gwI© ahVo h¡ O¡go {H$ A§Jmao hmo & - dhr n¥. 381

_mŠg©dmX H$m à^md ñdrH$maZo Ho$ ~mdOyX CgH$s gr_mAm| go do nao h¢ - _mŠg©dmX

_oao {cE EH$ qMVZ àUmcr h¡ Am¡a dh d¡km{ZH$ h¡Ÿ& _ycV… dh EH$ OrdZ nÕ{V

h¡, AÜ``Z nÕ{V h¡ Am¡a ~mX _| EH$ amOZr{VH$ {dMmaYmam& `h {dMmaYmam ì`{º$

H$mo g_mO gË` go Om‹S>Vr h¡Ÿ& `WmW© VWm g_H$mcrZ OrdZ Ho$ à{V CgHo$ Xm{`Ëd

H$m Cgo Ahgmg {XcmVr h¡& Bg {dMmaYmam Zo _wPo EH$ ì`mnH$ Ñ{ï> Xr& na§Vw BgH$m

AW© `h Zht h¡ {H$ _¢ AnZr na§nam Am¡a {deofV… g§ñH¥${V go Xya hmo OmD$Ÿ& CëQo>

_mŠg© Ho$ {dMmam| Zo _wPo na§nam Am¡a g§ñH¥${V Am¡a {deofV…$ cmoH$g§ñH¥${V Ho$ à{V

Jhar A§VÑ©{ï> Xr h¡Ÿ& - dhr n¥. 27 BZ na H$mc©_mŠg© Am¡a Am§~o‹S>>H$aOr

Ho$ {dMmam| H$m à^md h¡ Ÿ& ZmpñVH$Vm H$s Ñ{ï> CÝh| ~wÕ, Mmdm©H$ VWm AnZo OrdZ

go {_cr h¡& CZHo$ g_rjmË_H$ J«§Wmo Ho$ Zm_ Bg àH$ma h¢ - AmYw{ZH$ _amR>r gm{hË`

H$m àd¥{Îm_ycH$ B{Vhmg (1976), H$hmZrH$ma H$_coída …$ g§X © Am¡a àH¥${V

(1977), Xoe-{d^mOZ Am¡a qhXr H$Wmgm{hË` (1987), OrdZrnaH$ qhXr gm{hË`

(2002), àmXo{eH$ ^mfm gm{hË o{Vhmg (2004), AmYw{ZH$ qhXr gm{hË` H$m B{Vhmg

(2005), X{cV gm{hË` ñdê$n Am¡a g§doXZm (g§ 2009), AZwdmX H$m g_mOemñÌ

(2009), S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ A§m~o‹S>>H$a (OrdZr 1991), nÌH$ma ^r_amd Am§~oS>H$a

(2010), 19dr eVr H$m ZdOmJaU Am¡a qhXr gm{hË` (2013), 20dr eVr H$m

ZdOmJaU Am¡a qhXr gm{hË` (2013) na§Vw `h emoY nÌ g^r H¥${V`m| H$mo AmYma

~ZmH$a Zht {cIm J`m h¡Ÿ& `h Bg AmcoI H$s gr_m h¡ & ewÕ gm{hpË`H$ H¥${V`m|

(189)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a {cIr J`r CZH$s Xmo {H$Vm~| h¢ & nhcr "H$hmZrH$ma H$_coída

g§X © Am¡a àH¥${V' Am¡a Xygar "H$hmZrH$ma Ako g§X © Am¡a àH¥${V &' BZ_| ^r

H$hmZrH$ma H$_coída g§X © Am¡a àH¥${V `h g§nyU© nwñVH$ hr CZHo$ Ûmam {c{IV h¡

& Xygar nwñVH$ S>m°. M§Ð^mZw gmoZdZo Ho$ gmW {cIr J`r h¡ & Bg{cE {ddoMZ H$m

à_wI AmYma nhcr nwñVH$ hr h¡Ÿ& Bgr Ho$ gmW AZwdmX, X{cV Ed§ ñÌr gm{hË`

Ho$ CZH$s _yë`m§H$Z H$s nÜX{V H$m {ddoMZ H$aZm ^r Bg AmcoI H$m cú` h¡&

H¥${V H$s Vcme H¥${V H$s amh go

"H$hmZrH$ma H$_coída g§X © Am¡a àH¥${V' `h g_rjm H$s ~oOmo‹S> H¥${V h¡Ÿ&

{dZ`_mohZ nmR>H$Or H$m H$hZm h¡, {H$ H¥${V H¥${VH$ma H$s ~oQ>r hmoVr h¡ Am¡a g_rjm

CgH$m Xm_mX Ÿ& g_rjH$ ^r EH$ AW© _| gO©H$ hr hmoVm h¡, nhco dh H¥${V H$m

AmñdmX coVm h¡ Am¡a ~mX _| Cg AmñdmX H$m {dícofU H$aVm h¡ & g_rjm H$aVo

g_` g_rjH$ Ûmam {H$Z H¥${V`m| M`Z {H$`m OmVm h¡ CgHo$ AmYmana g_rjH$ H$s

ê${M-{déMr H$m nVm Mc OmVm h¡& aUgw oOr Ûmam H$_coída H$s H$hm{Z`m| H$m M`Z

H$aZo H$m H$maU `h h¡ {H$ CZH$s H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ H|$Ð _| ì`{º$ h¡& `h ì`{º$ ^mdyH$,

g§doXZerc, _yë`m| _| ghO {dídmg H$aZodmcm; co{H$Z wJ Am¡a gä`Vm Cgo Bg

ê$n _| OrZo Zht XoVr Eogm ì`{º$ & "Ako g§X © Am¡a àH¥${V' Bg {H$Vm~ Ho$ àma§

_| hr aUgw oOr Zo {ZåZ n§{º$`m± CÕ¥V H$s h¡ -

"gm_Zo Z§Jr I‹S>r hmo O~ gXr

gä`Vm H$m ha {XImdm ì`W© h¡

AmX_r Ho$ XX© H$mo g_Po {~Zm

AmX_r hmoZo H$m Xmdm ì`W© h¡' - hZw_§V Zm`Sy>, "H$hmZrH$ma Ako gÝX © Am¡a àH¥${V'

BZ n§{º$`m| go nVm McVm h¡ {H$ aUgw oOr Ho$ _mZg _| dh ì`{º$ ~¡R>m

h¡ Omo ghO àmH¥${VH$ OrdZ OrZm MmhVm h¡ na Or Zht nmVm& Š`m|{H$ gXr Z§Jr

(190)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h¡Ÿ& ì`dñWm H«y$a Am¡a A_mZdr` h¡ & amjg H$s Vah dh AmX_r H$mo crc coZm MmhVr

h¡ & V~ Bg "AHo$co' Am¡a "{ZhËWo' AmX_r H$s O§J ewê$ hmo OmVr h¡ & EH$ AnZo

Amngo Am¡a Xygar ì`dñWm go& V~ CgH$s "N>Q>nQ>mhQ>' {H$VZr ^`mdh hmo OmVr h¡;

Bg "N>Q>nQ>mhQ>' H$mo H$_coída Zo AnZr H$hm{Z`m| _| eãX~Õ {H$`m h¡Ÿ& "`mVZmAm|

Ho$ O§Jc go JwOaVo _Zwî` H$s Bg _hm`mÌm H$m Omo gh`mÌr' H$_coída h¡; BZH$s

H$hm{Z`m|H$m M`Z g_rjm Ho$ {cE H$aZm AWm©V H$_coída H$s Vah hr aUgw o Or

H$m ^r Bg "N>Q>nQ>mVo' _Zwî` Ho$ VWm CgH$s g§Kf© `mÌm Ho$ gmW hmo OmZm h¡&

Ho$dc gmW hmoZm Zht nyar AmñWm Ho$ gmW McZm h¡& - _wPo PwHo$ hþE _ñVH$m| go

ghmZw y{V h¡, hmao hþE `moÕmAm| go g³oh h¡ - Š`m|{H$ _oar Ñ{ï> _| CZH$m PwH$m hþAm

_ñVH$ e_© H$m {df` Zht, e_© Am¡a H«$moY H$m {df` h¡ do XwXm§©V H$maU {OÝhm|Zo

CZHo$ ApñVËd Ho$ {cE ha Vah Ho$ g§H$Q> I‹S>o H$a {XE h¢ ---- -- {OZH$s

OrV hmoVr ahoJr, do H«y$a hmoVo Om |Jo, Bg{cE _wPo Vmo cJVm h¡ {H$ _¢ h_oem "hmao

hþAm|' Ho$ ~rM ahZo Ho$ {cE à{V~Õ hÿ± Am¡a `h V~VH$ ahoJm, O~VH$ g~ OrV

Zht Om |Jo Am¡a _¢ {~cHy$c AHo$cm Zht ah OmC§JmŸ& V~ _wPo Z AmñWm H$s OéaV

hm|Jr , Z {dídmg H$s Am¡a Z {cIZo H$s - "H$hmZrH$ma H$_coída g§X © Am¡a

àH¥${V' - n¥. 146 _wPo Vm‚mw~ hmoVm h¡ aUgw oOr H$s Bg H¥${V na dmo Bg ì`{º$

Ho$ gmW h¡Ÿ& {H$VZm MmhVo h¢ Bg "_Zwî`' H$mo ?

Zm_daqgh Zo N>m`mdmX Zm_H$ aMZm {cIr & ~mX H$s H$B© aMZmAm| Ho$

~mX ^r `h H¥${V CZH$s g¥OZ j_Vm Ed§ g_rjm H$m n[aM` XoZodmcr A_a H¥${V

ahr& _wPo cJVm aUgw oOr H$s AÝ` g_rjmË_H$ H¥${V`m|H$s VwcZm _| `h H¥${V "{d{eï>'

Am¡a "~oOmo‹S>' h¡Ÿ& `hm± "AmcmoMZm AnZo g¥OZmË_H$ hmoZo H$m' n[aM` XoVr h¡ & {H$VZo-

{H$VZo ê$nm| _| CÝhm|Zo Bg _Zwî` H$mo XoIm h¡Ÿ& gya dmËgë` H$m H$moZm-H$moZm Pm±H$

Am o Wo Eogm H$hm OmVm h¡& BgrVah aUgw oOr H$s `h {H$Vm~ ^r "B§gmZ Ho$ A§Va§J'

H$m H$moZm-H$moZm nmR>H$m| Ho$ gm_Zo CKm‹S>H$a aI XoVr h¡Ÿ& _hmZJar` gä`Vm _| AnZËd

(191)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$s g^r {XemE± Ohm± ‹IË_ hmo ahr h¡ dhm± "H$g~o H$m AmX_r' "AnZËd' Am¡a "__Ëd'

Ho$ A{YH$ma H$mo OVmZm MmhVm h¡Ÿ& dh _Zwî` na ~hþV ghO {dídmg H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

^mdwH$Vm, ñdm{^_mZ, AnZËd, ghO g³oh, {dídmg aIZo H$s d¥{Îm, CXmaVm, Am{W©H$

naoem{Z`m±, Apñ_Vm BZ àmH¥${VH$ JwUm| H$mo coH$a OrZodmcm AmX_r (amOm {Za~§{g`m)

n[apñW{V go _O~ya na§Vw gwI H$s ImoO _| naoemZ h¡Ÿ& n[apñWV`m± BVZr H«y$a Am¡a

^`mZH$ hmo J`r h¡ {H$ {OÝXJr Ho$ loð> _yë`m| H$mo `m Vmo _O~yar go Vmo‹S>Vm h¡ `m

CÝh| nyU©V…$ ZH$maH$a AmJo ~‹T>Vm h¡ Ÿ& Bg ì`{º$ Ho$ "AZw d Ho$ joÌ H$s àm_m{UH$

nhMmZ' H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s h¡Ÿ& ì`{º$ na _yë`m| H$mo Vmo‹S>Zo H$m Amamon cJmZm

AmgmZ h¡, wJ H$aVm ^r h¡Ÿ& na aUgw oOr {~cHy$c AcJ g_rjH$ h¡ & do ñnï>

H$hVo h¡ {H$ _yë` wJ {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡, ì`{º$ Zht & do Bg AmX_r na Amamon

Zht cJmVo Zm hr Xmof XoVo h¢ & do Bg _Zwî` Ho$ ^rVa H$s OcVr AmJ H$s X½YVm

go nmR>H$m| H$mo ^r OcmVo h¢ & `hm± hr do éH$Vo Zht h¡ ~pëH$ `h ^r H$mo{ee H$aVo

h¢ {H$ h_mao pñWa OrdZ _yë`m| H$mo Vmo‹S>H$a wJmZwê$n ZE _yë` H¡$go J‹T>o OmEŸ& _yë`m|

H$m {Z_m©U ~mhar pñW{V`m| Ho$ AmYmana Z H$a ì`{º$ H$s à{V{H«$`mAm| Ho$ AmYmana

H$aZo H$s gcmh XoVo h¢ & n§{º$`m| Ho$ ~rM H$s Imcr OJhm| Ho$ AmYmana H$aZo

H$s pñW{V go _hgyg H$amVo h¢ - CZ KQ>ZmAm| H$mo XoIH$a AWdm KQ>ZmAm| go

JwOaVo hþE Cg wJ H$m ì`{º$ {H$g àH$ma H$s à{V{H«$`mE± ì`º$ H$aVm h¡ Bg na

go hr Cg wJ Ho$ OrdZ_yë` {ZpíMV {H$ o OmVo h¢ Ÿ& amdU AWdm H§$g Ho$ AÝ`m`

AË`mMma H$mo XoIH$a am_ VWm H¥$îU CZgo Q>H$amZo Ho$ {cE I‹S>o hmo JE, {H$gr

àH$maH$s V¡ mar AWdm e{º$ Z hmoVo hþE ^rŸ& Bg na go VËH$mcrZ OrdZ_yë`m| H$m

nVm McVm h¡& AmO ^r AÝ`m` AË`mMma hmoVo h¢; na§Vw "{ZhËWo' Am¡a "AHo$co' c‹S>Zo

H$s VmH$V {H$VZo cmoJm| _| h¢? - H$hmZrH$ma H$_coída g§X © Am¡a àH¥${V -

n¥. 22 Hw$N> AÝ` n§{º$`m± Ñï>ì` h¢ -

- AmXem|© VH$ nhþ±MmZo H$s amh _| _Zwî` H$mo {H$VZm N>cm J`m h¡, N>cm OmVm

(192)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h¡, Bgo ZOaA§XmO H¡$go {H$`m OmVm h¡ - dhr n¥. 127

- _Zwî` Ho$ {cE amOZr{V Mm{hE `m amOZr{V Ho$ {cE _Zwî` - dhr n¥.127

- B_mZXma Am¡a àm_m{UH$ ì`{º$ Bg {daV Am¡a H«y$a n[apñW{V`m| Ho$ gmW c‹S>

H¡$go gHo$Jm?- dhr n¥. 127

- _yë`m| na lÕm aIH$a OrZodmcm nmÌ EH$ Amoa VWm H«y$a n[apñWV`m± Xygar

Amoa --- qOXJr Ho$ g^r joÌm| go B_mZXmar ‹IË_ hmo ahr h¡ Am¡a B_mZXma ì`{º$

H$s XwJ©Vr hmo ahr h¡Ÿ& H$hZm Z hmoJm {H$ AmO H$s `h ^maVr` ì`dñWm _Zwî` {damoYr

h¡ - dhr n¥ 127

_Zwî` Ho$ à{V BVZr àIa ghmZw y{V aIZodmcm `h g_rjH$ Cg g_` Mr‹T>

OmVm h¡, `m ~m¡Icm OmVm h¡ O~ ì`{º$ H$m XmoJcmnZ Cgo Z‹Oa AmVm h¡Ÿ& CgH$s

{Z_©_Vm Ed§ H«y$aVm go n[a{MV hmo OmVm h¡& "J{_© m| Ho$ {XZ', "{X„r _| EH$ _m¡V',

"ImoB© hþB© {XemE±', "Amg{º$' H$hmZr H$s g_rjm H$aVo g_` hmW _| Mm~wH$ coH$a

o I‹S>o hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a _Zwî` H$s PyR>r àXe©Z H$s d¥{Îm, {ZaW©H$Vm, ImoIcmnZ,

XmoJconZ na gnmgn dma H$aVo OmVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go -

- dñVwV…$ `h M§Xa H$s A{V ^mdwH$Vm h¡ {H$ dh {H$gr go ^r ghmZw y{V Am¡a

AnZËd Mmh ahm h¡ - ---- - - AnZo Ka Ho$ gXñ`m| go Vmo ^r AnZËd H$s

_m±J JcV h¡ - H$hmZrH$ma H$_coída g§X © Am¡a àH¥${V, n¥. 67

- A{dídmg eha H$s AnZr {d{eï> nhMmZ h¡ Am¡a {dídmg H$g~o H$s {deofVm

h¡ - dhr n¥.67

- ~ƒm| H$mo Ky_mZodmcr `hm± H$s _på_`m± _mE± Zht cJVr - n¥. 67

`h g_rjH$ V~ Am¡a ^r A{YH$ ~oM¡Z hmoVm h¡, O~ `h AmX_r AnZr pñW{V`m|

go VQ>ñW Am¡a g§doXZeyÝ` hmo OmVm h¡ - em`X do AË`{YH$ AmZ§Xr h¡ AWdm AË`{YH$

Xw…Ir Am¡a AmíM © H$s ~mV h¡ {H$ XmoZm| EH$ hr _Z…$pñW{V _| Or ah| h¢Ÿ& `h

gmYmaUrH$aU H$s AdñWm h¡ AWdm AÛ¡V H$s AWdm g§doXZeyÝ`Vm H$sŸ& - n¥. 120

(193)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$_coída H$s "Zrcr Prc' H$s g_rjm Ho$ AmYmana h_ CZH$s gyú_ Am¡a `WmW©

Ñ{ï> H$m n[aM` nmVo h¢& _Zwî` Ho$ ñd^md H$mo ~hþV gyú_Vm Am¡a `WmW© Ho$ gmW

nH$‹S>Zo H$s CZH$s Z‹Oa H$m{~co Vmar‹\$ h¡ - nmd©Vr {H$gr _o_ H$s Vah {XImB© Xo

`h BÀN>m ^r ~‹S>r `WmW© h¡Ÿ& n¥.49 d¡go g_rjH$ Ho$ nmg EH$ "Z‹Oa' hr Vmo hmoVr

h¡, "Z`r' Am¡a "VmOr'Ÿ& `h Z‹Oa aUgw oOr Zo nm`r h¡& gm¢X © ~moY H$s `h ñWyc

`mÌm gyú_Vm H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vr h¡ Am¡a do _Zwî` Ho$ ^rVa H$s AZm_, Aì`m» o ,

AmH$f©U H$s ì`m»`m H$aZo cJVo h¢ Ÿ&

`h {H$Vm~ g_rjm H$m ~hþV gw§Xa Z_yZm h¡& BgH$s EH$ {deofVm `h h¡ {H$

Bg {H$Vm~ _| aMZmH$ma Ho$ ì`{º$Ëd Ed§ H¥${VËd H$m n[aM` Zht h¡& "H¥${V H$m _yë`m§H$Z

H¥${V H$s amh go JwOaH$a {H$`m h¡& H$_coída H$s H$hm{Z`m| H$mo OrdZ Ho$ gå_wI

aIH$a {ddoMZ H$aZm gm{hË` H$mo ì`dhma Ho$ gmW Omo‹S>Zm hr h¡ & aUgw oOr Zo

nma§n[aH$ g_rjm Ho$ _mZX§S>m| H$mo ~Xc {X`m h¡Ÿ& O~ H$hmZr nwamZo T>a} na Zht McVr

V~ g_rjm Ho$ _mZX§S> nwamZo H¡$go Mc|Jo & Ho$dc OrdZmZw y{V H$s àm_m{UH$Vm Ho$

AmYmana ì`{º$ H$mo H|$Ð _| aIH$a Bg Vah H$s g_rjm H$aZm g_rjm H$s Z`r

nÕ{V H$mo AnZmZm h¡ -gwZmZo O¡gm H$WmZH$ Bg_| Zht hmoVm AZw d H$aZo O¡gr

AZw y{V Ac~Îmm Bg_| hmoVr h¡ - dhr n¥. 140

X{cV gm{hË` H$s g_rjm

S>m°. aUgw oOr H$s AmcmoMZm Ho$ H|$Ð _| EH$ Am_ ì`{º$ h¡ `h ~mV nhco

hr H$hr Om MwH$s h¡Ÿ& Bg Am_ _| ^r Omo {n‹S>m, Cno{jV, g_mO _| {OgH$m XOm©

Xmo _ h¡ BgHo$ nj _| o I‹S>o h¢Ÿ& Z Ho$dc I‹S>o h¢ ~pëH$ CZHo$ O~aXñV dH$sc

^r h¡Ÿ& Bgr AW© _| do X{cVm| Ed§ pñÌ`m| Ho$ gmW h¢Ÿ& XmoZm| H$mo {ZnQ> "_Zwî`'

Ho$ ê$n _| XoIVo h¡& X{cV Ed§ pñÌ`m| Ho$ gm{hË` H$m dñVw{Zð> Ed§ {Zînj nÕ{V

go _yë`m§H$Z H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BZHo$ gm{hË` H$s gr_mAm| H$mo ^r do ~»eVo Zht h¡&

S>m°. aUgw oOr Zo X{cV MoVZm H$m g§~§Y g§{dYmZ _| C{„{IV "X{cVm|' H$s

(194)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


MoVZm go Om‹oS>m h¡Ÿ& g_Vm{Y{ð>V g_mO aMZm H$s {Z{_©{V Ho$ {cE BZ hOmam| dfm|©

go ZH$mao emo{fV, nr‹[S>V, Agw{dYmAm| _| OrZodmco cmoJm| H$mo nhco g_mZVm Ho$ YamVc

na cmZo Ho$ {cE "AmajU' H$m g_W©Z H$aVo h¢Ÿ& do `h _mZVo h¡ {H$ à{V`mo{JVm

Vmo V~ hmo gH$Vr h¡ O~ g^r EH$ YamVc na Am`& X{cVm| _| amï´>r`Vm H$m Ahgmg

{Z_m©U hmoZo Ho$ {cE do amï´> H$s g^r dñVwAm| na g^r Ho$ g_mZ A{YH$ma H$s ~mV

H$aVo h¢& VWm ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ Ahgmg Ho$ {cE g_mZ ê$n go ^mJ coZo H$s AmOmXr

na ~c XoVo h¢& OmVr ì`dñWm H$mo H«y$a, _Zwî` {Z{_©V Am¡a H$mën{ZH$ _mZVo h¢ Am¡a

Bgo Vmo‹S>Zo Ho$ {cE A§VaOmVr` {ddmh H$m g_W©Z H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Y_© Ho$ Zm_ na {OZ

emñÌm| Zo A_mZdr` ì`dñWm H$m {Z_m©U {H$`m h¡ CÝh| nyU©V`m ZH$ma VWm CgH$s

n{dÌVm H$mo ^r ZH$maZo H$s ~mV H$aVo h¡ & AmH«$moe, {dÐmoh Am¡a ZH$ma H$mo X{cV

gm{hË` H$s nhMmZ Ho$ ê$n _| ñdrH$maVo h¢ & {dewÕ _mZdVm H$m ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢&

_mŠg©dmXr Am¡a X{cV gm{hË` _| A§Va ñnï> H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¢ - _mŠg©dmXr qhgm

Ho$ _mJ© na McZo go BÝH$ma Zht H$aVo dhm± na X{cV MoVZm "{h§gm' go nahoO aIVr

h¡Ÿ& X{cV "H$éUm' VWm "erc' na ~c XoVo h¢Ÿ& Ohm± VH$ Ñ{ï> H$m g§~§Y h¡ dh

Jm¡V_ ~wÕ Ho$ A{YH$ {ZH$Q> h¡& naÝVw _mŠg© go CgH$s eÌwVm ^r Zht h¡ & -

Jm¡ad J«§W n¥. 27 dV©_mZ g_` _| _mŠg©dmXr Am¡a X{cVm| H$s {dMmaYmam _| ñnï> A§Va

{H$`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ& Amo_àH$me dmë_r{H$ Bg A§Va H$mo ñnï> H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¢ -

X{cV gm{hË` _mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMZm emñÌ Ho$ _mnX§S>m| H$mo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a {cIm OmEŸ&

BgH$m grYm AW© "dU©' H$mo AZXoIm {H$`m OmE& Š`m "dU©' Am¡a "dJ©' _| H$moB© _yc yV

A§Va Zht h¡? ^maVr` g_mO ì`dñWm H$s ~wZmdQ> H$mo àJ{VdmXr AZXoIm H$aHo$ "dU©'

Am¡a "dJ©' H$mo EH$ hr _mZ ah| h¢ -X{cV gm{hË` H$m gm¢X ©emñÌ, n¥. 97 aUgw oOr

X{cV gm{hË` _| "dU©' H$mo A{YH$ _hÎd XoVo h¢ Ÿ& Eogm H$aVo g_` do _mŠg©dmX

H$s gr_mAm| H$mo ^r Vm‹oS>Vo h¢Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ CZH$s g_rjm H$m AmYma "{ZnQ> _Zwî`' h¡

BZH$s g_rjm _Zwî` H|$Ðr h¡& Bg {dMma _| Omo dmX `m {dMmaYmam ~mYH$ ~ZVr h¡

(195)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


CgH$s gr_mAm| go o ~mha {ZH$c AmVo h¢& do gm_§VdmXr, gZmVZr, dU©dmXr, d¥{Îm`m|

Ho$ {Icm\$ I‹S>o hmoH$a gm_mÝ` _Zwî` Ho$ gmW hmo OmVo h¢Ÿ& Eogm H$aVo g_` O¡go

do _mŠg©dmX go AcJ {XImB© XoVo h¢ d¡go hr X{cV gm{hË` go ^rŸ& X{cV gm{hË`

H$s g_rjm Ho$ g§X © _| do H$hVo h¢ {H$ - {nN>co Hw$N> dfm|© go X{cVm| H$m EH$

N>moQ>m gm V~H$m ì`dñWmdmXr hmoVm Om ahm h¡Ÿ& AnZo {Z{hV ñdmWm|© H$s ny{V© Ho$ {cE

dh AnZo hr ~§Yy- ~m§Ydm| H$m `m Vmo emofU H$a ahm h¡ AWdm CZH$s Cnojm H$a

ahm h¡ & Eogo dJ© H$mo ì §½`mË_H$ ê$n go `h H$hmZr àñVwV H$a ahr h¡& - Jm¡ad

J«§W n¥. 63 do X{cVm| H$s _mZ{gH$Vm H$mo ~hþV gyú_ ê$n go nH$‹S>Vo h¢ Ÿ& do

X{cVm| Ho$ _Z _| gdUm|© Ho$ à{V Jwñgo H$s ~mV Vmo H$aVo hr h¢ na§Vw X{cVm| Ho$

_Z _| gdUm|© Ho$ à{V Omo gwá AmH$f©U h¡ CgH$s Amoa ^r g§Ho$V H$aVo h¢ & `h

~VmZo go nahoO Zht H$aVo {H$ X{cV gm{hË` H$m ApñVËd CgH$s gm_m{OH$Vm Ho$

A^md _| {gÕ Zht hmoJm &

ñÌr gm{hË` H$s g_rjm

g_mO _| Cno{jV AmYr Am~mXr ñÌr ^r CZHo$ qMVZ H$m {df` h¡ & X{cVm|

H$s Vah pñÌ`m| H$mo ^r "_mZdr' VWm "ì`{º$Ëd g§nÝZ' _Zwî` Ho$ ê$n _| XoIVo h¢&

_{hcmE± na§namAm| go _wº$ hmoH$a, Z¡{VH$ gm_m{OH$ _mZX§S>m| go nao OmH$a {ZnQ> "ñÌr'

Ho$ ê$n _| {cIo Am¡a g_mO ^r CgH$s Amoa Bgr ê$n _| XoIo `h Anojm ^r H$aVo

h¢& do `h ^r ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢ {H$ Bg àH$ma H$s gm‹\$ Ñ{ï> àmá hmoZo _| ^maVr`

g§ñH$ma ~mYH$ h¡Ÿ& nwéf Ûmam ñWm{nV _yë`ì`dñWm go _wº$ hmoH$a "nwéf' Am¡a "ñÌr'

XmoZm| Ho$ coIZ H$s A{Zdm ©Vm H$mo _hgyg H$aVo h¡& CZH$s Z‹Oa _| ñÌr-nwéf g_mZVm

V^r ñWm{nV hmoJr O~ nwéf AnZr "loð>Vm J«§Wr' go VWm ñÌr AnZr "hrZVm J«§Wr'

go ~mha Am oJrŸ& _mŠg©dmXr Ñ{ï> go ñÌr H$s pñW{V H$s Amoa XoIVo h¢ Bg{cE CËnmXZ

H$m H$moB© ^r {hñgm ñÌr H$mo Z XoZo Ho$ nrNo> nwéfm| H$s Cgo AnZo AYrZ aIZo

H$s _mZ{gH$Vm H$mo ImocVo h¢Ÿ& ~hþV ~marH$s go ^mfm VWm _whmdam| Ho$ AmYmana ì`dñWm

(196)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


_| ñÌr H$s pñW{V COmJa H$aVo h¢ & CZH$s Z‹Oa _| ñÌr ~hþV _yë`dmZ h¡Ÿ&

aUgw oOr X{cV gm{hË` H$m g§~§Y Ho$dc X{cVm| Ho$ gmW OmoS>Vo h¢; co{H$Z

ñÌrdmXr coIZ H$m g§~§Y do Ho$dc pñÌ`m| Ho$ gmW Z Omo‹S>H$a nwéfm| Ho$ gmW ^r

Omo‹S>Vo h¡Ÿ& do {cIVo h¢ - ñÌr Ho$ Ñ{ï>H$moU go àíZm| H$mo, dñVwAm| H$mo, KQ>ZmAm|

H$mo em`X hr XoIm J`m hmo - Bg{cE `h A{^ì`{º$ nwéfàYmZ h¡ Eogm EH$ Amamon

ñÌr H$a ahr h¡ (d¡go o {H$gr ^r àH$maHo$ A{VdmX go ~MVo h¢Ÿ&) Bg_| ~hþV ~‹S>r

gƒmB© hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX `h gm¡ à{VeV gM Zht h¡Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ à{V^mg§nÝZ nwéfm| Zo

ñÌr H$s `mVZm H$mo nyar H$éUm Am¡a àIaVm Ho$ gmW ì`º$ {H$`m h¡Ÿ& - Jm¡ad J«§W,

n¥.56 {nV¥gÎmmH$ ì`dñWm Ed§ nwéf _mZ{gH$Vm H$m nXm©\$me H$aVo hþE ñÌr Ho$ à{V

Jhar ghmZw y{V àH$Q> H$aVo h¢ VWm ^`mdh dmñV{dH$Vm H$s A{^ì`{º$ ^r & "amOm

{Za~§{g`m' H$hmZr _| do M§Xm Ho$ gmW h¡ & "nËZr M§Xm' go "aI¡c M§Xm' VH$ H$s

CgH$s `mÌm Ho$ {cE OJn{V H$mo {Oå_oXma _mZVo h¢ Am¡a M§Xm H$mo ~mB‚mV ~ar H$a

XoVo h¢ - M§Xm {Og {deof dJ© _| Or ahr h¡ dhm± Eogm {damoY nwéfm| Ûmam ñdrH$ma

Zht {H$`m OmVm Am¡a M§Xm Zo Vmo ha ~ma AnZm {damoY ì`º$ {H$`m hr h¡Ÿ& _¡Ho$

OmH$a {H$gr H$s aI¡c ~ZH$a OrZo H$m {ZU© coZm hr CgHo$ ^rVar Ag§Vmof Am¡a

{~Iamd H$mo ì`º$ H$aZm h¡Ÿ& Omo ~oMVm h¡ dh Vmo Xmofr hmoVm hr h¡ na§Vw gdmc `hm±

{\$a `h h¡ {H$ Bg àH$ma M§Xm H$mo Xmofr gm{~V H$aVo g_` M§Xm Ho$ n[adoe H$mo,

Cg g_mO ì`dñWm H$mo ZOaA§XmO H$a aho h¡ Ohm± na nËZr H$mo {H$gr àH$maHo$

A{YH$ma Zht hmoVo &- H$hmZrH$ma H$_coída g§X © Am¡a àH¥${V n¥.32

`m¡Z g§~§Ym| na MMm© ñÌr coIZ H$m _hËdnyU© _wÔm h¡& aUgw oOr Bg {df`

na g§{já, gQ>rH$ Am¡a d¡km{ZH$ {Q>ßnUr XoVo h¢& CÝhm|Zo Z `m¡Z g§~§Ym| H$mo Z ZH$mam

h¡ Zm nyar Vah go ñdrH$ma {H$`m h¡& ~XcVo Z¡{VH$ _mZX§S>m| H$mo ZE ZO[a o go XoIZo

H$s Amdí`H$Vm H$mo _hgyg {H$`m h¡& em`X Bg _yë` H$mo coH$a CZHo$ _Z _| Û§Û

h¡& do Bg {df` H$mo ZmOwH$ Am¡a ì`{º$JV _mZVo h¡ & n[apñW{VZwgma g§~§Ym| Ho$ {dícofU

(197)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$m g§Ho$V ^r XoVo h¢& na§Vw ào_M§X H$m BZ na O~aXñV à^md hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Bg

joÌ _| do EH$ H$X_ AmJo ~T>mVo h¡, ào_M§X Ho$ AmJo ^r {ZH$c OmVo h¢ na éH$Zm

H$hm h¡ Bg ~mV H$m CÝh| nŠH$m nVm h¡& BZH$s ~wpÜX em`X BZ g§~§Ym| H$mo ñdrH$maVr

h¡ na g§ñH$ma Zht & "Vcme' H$hmZr H$s gw_r H$m {dícofU H$aVo hþE o {cIVo

h¢ - g§ dV…$ gw_r qhXr H$Wm gm{hË` H$s nhcr wdVr h¡ Omo _m± go Bg ì`dhma

H$m Odm~ Zht nyN²>Vr A{nVw ñd § CÝh| BgHo$ {cE gw{dYm àXmZ H$aVr h¡Ÿ& `h ~m¡{ÕH$Vm

Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ Ñ{ï> H$m hr n[aUm_ h¡& - H$hmZrH$ma H$_coída g§X © Am¡a àH¥${V

n¥. 152 gw_r H$mo qhXr H$Wm gm{hË` H$s Bg Vah H$s nhcr ñÌr Kmo{fV H$aVo

hþE ^r Cgo ~m¡{ÕH$ Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ Ñ{ï> H$m n[aUm_ _mZZm Cn w©º$ ~mV H$m g_W©Z

h¡Ÿ& `hm± {ZåZ n§{º$`m| H$s Amoa Ü`mZ XoZm Amdí`H$ h¡ -

- X{cV H$hmZr Ho$ H|$Ð _| "n[adma' h¡ ` `h CgH$s ~hþV ~‹S>r nhMmZ h¡Ÿ&

R>rH$ ào_M§X H$s Vah& Š`m|{H$ CnÝ`mg hmo `m H$hmZr hmo ào_M§X AnZo H$WmZH$

_| "Ka', "n[adma' H$mo H|$Ð _| aIVo h¢ Am¡a "Ka' d¥Îm {dH${gV H$aVo OmVo h¢& -

Jm¡ad J«§W n¥. 64

- X{cV H$hmZr _| ñÌr `m Vmo "_m±' ê$n _| AWdm "nËZr' ê$n _| --- -

- o XmoZm| pñÌ`m± l{_H$ h¢& CZH$m amo_m§{Q>H$ ê$n `hm± Zht {_cVm& ào gr,

{à`V_m, ñÌr-nwéf ào_, {ddmh nyd© ào_ `m {ddmhmoÎma ào_ Am{X Am{X BgH$s g_ñ`mE±

Zht h¡& - Jm¡ad J«§W n¥. 64

aUgw oOr Ho$ {dMmam| Am¡a ñÌr {d_e© _| `hm± AcJmd h¡Ÿ& ñÌr {d_e© Ho$ {cE

ñÌr H$m "ì`{º$Ëd' _hËdnyU© h¡ ì`{º$Ëd Ho$ gm_Zo "Ka' Jm¡U& aUgw oOr ñÌr Ho$

"ì`{º$Ëd' Ho$ gmW "Ka' H$mo ^r ~am~ar H$m _hÎd XoVo h¢Ÿ& ñÌr {d_e© ñÌr H$mo H|$Ð

_| aIH$a {cIo nwéf coIZ H$mo ZH$maVm h¡; aUgw oOr Bgo ñdrH$maVo h¢Ÿ& d¡go ^r

aUgw oOr X{cVm| Ho$ gmW {OVZo h¢ CVZo pñÌ`m| Ho$ gmW Zht; ~mdOyX H$B© ì`m»`mZm|

Ho$ _mÜ`_go "ñÌr' H$mo "ñÌr' Ho$ ê$n _| XoIZo H$s ~mV H$h MwHo$ h¢ & Bg ~mV

(198)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$mo EH$ Xygar ~mV Ho$ AmYmana ^r g_Pm Om gH$Vm h¡& X{cV gm{hË` na do

{OVZm {cI nmE h¢ CVZm ñÌr gm{hË` na Zht & X{cV H$hmZr H$s g_rjm, X{cV

AmË_H$WmAm| H$m AZwdmX, g§nmXZ Am¡a n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$ {deofm§H$m| _| ^r X{cV gm{hË`

H$mo hr Vd‚mmo XoZm Bg ~mV H$mo {gÕ H$aVm h¡& CZHo$ qMVZ Ho$ d¥Îm _| X{cV h¡

ñÌr Zht& Š`m| Zht h¡ BgH$m CÎma Zht {_cVm & do gm{hË` Ho$ joÌ _| [aº$VmAm|

H$s ny{V© H$s ~mV H$aVo h¢& ñÌr gm{hË` H$s g_rjm {H$Z _mZX§S>m| na hmo `h AmO

^r {ZpíMV Zht h¡& g_rjm Ho$ joÌ _| `h ImcrnZ h¡ & (O~ {H$ X{cV gm{hË`

Ho$ g_rjm Ho$ _mZX§S> H$ar~ - H$ar~ {ZpíMV h¡Ÿ&) Bg na H$moB© ^r {H$Vm~ CncãY

Zht h¡& Š`m| Z do ñÌr gm{hË` Ho$ _mZX§S>m| H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVo hþE {H$gr g_rjmË_H$

H¥${V H$m {Z_m©U H$ao? AJa Eogm hmoVm h¡ Vmo O¡go AmO X{cV gm{hË` qhXr ^mfr

àXoe _| co OmZo H$m lo CÝh| h¢ d¡go hr ñÌr gm{hË` Ho$ _mZX§S> ñWm{nV H$aZo

H$m lo ^r CÝh| hr OmEJm & Bg àH$ma H$s g_rjmË_H$ H¥${V H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡&

AÝ` g_rjmË_H$ H¥${V`m±

g_rjH$ aUgw oOr _| EH$ Jham {MÝVH$ ~¡R>m h¡& AcJ- AcJ

{df`m| H$s ZB©-ZB© ì`m»`m BZH$m {à` {df` h¡& "AZwdmX, dU©ì`dñWm Am{U _r'

Bg _amR>r {H$Vm~ _| AZwdmX H$s na§nam H$m g§~§Y dU©ì`dñWm Ed§ g§ñH¥${V Ho$ gmW

Om‹oS>Vo hþE ^maV _| AZwdmX H$s na§nam Z {_cZo H$m g§~§Y `hm± H$s {df_ ì`dñWm

Ho$ gmW Omo‹S>Vo h¢ Am¡a g_Vm{Y{ð>V g_mO _| hr AZwdmX H$s ñdñW na§nam {dH${gV

hmoZo H$s ~mV H$hVo h¢ Ÿ& "H$hmZr g§ñH¥$VrMr' Bg _amR>r {H$Vm~ _| g§ñH¥${V H$m {dH$mg

{H$g Vah hmoVm J`m BgH$m {ddoMZ H$aVo h¢ & "g§ñH¥${V' O¡gr O{Q>c AdYmaUm

H$m gac {dícofU `h Bg {H$Vm~ H$s {deofVm h¡& pñÌ`m|, X{cVm|, Am{Xdm{g`m| Ho$

OrdZ _| ~w{Z`mXr n[adV©Z H$m H$maU ZdOmJaU _| Ty±>T>Vo h¡& BZ g^r {df`m| na

{cIZm EH$ N>moQo> go coI _| g§ d Zht h¡& AÝ` {H$gr g_` {dñVma go {cIm

OmEJm & A§V _| \$._w. qeXo Ho$ eãXm| _| H$hZm hmo Vmo `h H$h gH$Vo h¡ {H$"aUgw oOr

(199)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


gX² mdZm Ho$ g_rjH$'h¢&

{ZîH$f© -

- "H¥${V H$s AmcmoMZm H¥${V H$s amh go' - AmcmoMZm H$s Bg nÕ{V Ho$ H$maU

do AnZr g_rjmË_H$ nwñVH$m| _| aMZmH$ma Ho$ ì`{º$Ëd H$m n[aM` Zht XoVo&

- ì`{º$ Am¡a g_{ï> Ho$ g_Ýd` na ~c XoVo h¢& ì`{º$ H$mo gm_{OH$ BH$mB©

Ho$ ê$n _| hr XoIVo h¢&

- BZH$s g_rjm H$m _hËdnyU© ñda _mZdVmdmXr h¡& BZH$s AmcmoMZm Ho$ H|$Ð

_| {ZnQ> "_Zwî`' h¡& o Ho$dc _Zwî` na ào_ H$aZodmco g_rjH$ h¡& _Zwî`m|

_| ^r Omo _Zwî` nr[‹S>V, Cno{jV, ì`dñWm Ho$ nmQ>m| _| nrgVm AmX_r h¡Ÿ&

CgHo$ AmV§[aH$ Am¡a ~mø g§Kf© H$s naVm| H$mo o COmJa H$aVo h¢ &

- BZH$s g_rjm Ho$ Ho$Ðr` d¥Îm _| "X{cV' h¡& Bg{cE X{cV H$hmZr H$s g_rjm,

AmË_H$Wm H$m AZwdmX, Ed§ g§nmXZ VWm n{ÌH$mAm| Ho$ {deofm§H$m| _| X{cV

hr BZHo$ {ddoMZ H$m H|$Ðq~Xy h¡&

- pñÌ`m| Ho$ nj _| do I‹S>o h¡& na A^r VH$ ñÌr coIZ na `m ñÌr coIZ

Ho$ _mZX§S> {ZYm©[aV H$aZodmcr H$moB© H¥${V BÝhmoZo Zht {cIr h¡Ÿ&

- H¥${V Am¡a dmñV{dH$ OrdZ H$mo gå_wI aIH$a g_rjm H$aVo h¢ & BZH$s g_rjm

dmñVd H$mo dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ gmW nH$S>Vr h¡& ì`{º$ H$mo ì`dñWm Ho$ n[aàoú`

q_| aIH$a do XoIVo h¢ Ú CZH$m ñnï> H$hZm h¡ {H$ "_yë` wJ hr {ZYm©[aV

H$aVm h¡ ì`{º$ Zht'&

- BZ na H$B© à^md hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX do dmX Ed§ {dMmaYmamAm| H$s gr_mAm|

H$mo Vm‹oS>Vo h¡ Ÿ& ~hþV ì`mnH$ Ñ{ï> go {dMma H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Bgr AW© _| do {H$gr

EH$ dmX go ~±Yo Zht h¡& ~hþV ñnï>Vm Ho$ gmW haoH$ H$s gr_mAm| H$mo ^r do

ñnï> H$aVo h¢ &

- BZH$s mfm ~hþV hr gac Ed§ {dMmam| H$mo ñnï>Vm Ho$ gmW A{ ì`º$ H$aZodmcr h¡&

(200)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


gÝX^© J«ÝW gyMr1. H$hmZrH$ma Ako` g§X^© Am¡a àH¥${V - gy`©ZmamÙ aUgwô, {dH$mg àH$meZ

H$mZnwa2. Jm¡ad J«§W - àm. S>m°. gy`©ZmamÙ aUgwô CÎmaeVr qMVZ dr{W`m± - g§

S>m°.gwaoe _mhoídar / àm. ZmJZmW Hw§$Qo>, ^mdZm àH$meZ, {X„r - 913. H$hmZrH$ma H$_coída g§X^© Am¡a àH¥${V Ñ gy`©ZmamÙ aUgwô, {dH$mg àH$meZ

H$mZnwa4. X{cV gm{hË` H$m gm¢X`©emñÌ, Amo_àH$me dmë_r{H$ - amYmH¥$îU ZB©

{X„r,nQ>Zm, Bcmh~mX5. AmYw{ZH$ qhXr gm{hË` H$m B{Vhmg - gy`©ZmamÙ aUgwô6. X{cV gm{hË` ñdê$n Am¡a g§doXZm - gy`©ZmamÙ aUgwô7. AZwdmX H$m g_mOemñÌ - gy`©ZmamÙ aUgwô8. 9dr eVr H$m ZdOmJaU Am¡a qhXr gm{hË` - gy`©ZmamÙ aUgwô9. 20dr eVr H$m ZdOmJaU Am¡a qhXr gm{hË` - gy`©ZmamÙ aUgwô10. qhXr AmcmoMZm Ho$ {eIa - am_M§Ð {Vdmar

(201)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


gmR>moÎmar qhXr AmcmoMH$

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VII (I-VI)

(202)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


gmR>moÎmar à_wI {hÝXr AmcmoMH$… Zm_da qgh

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VII-I

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VrW©nwar, Vm.KZgmd§Jr, {O.OmcZm.

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AñÌ h¡ CgH$m "cmoMZ'h¡ & S>m°.Zm_da qgh OwPmé VWm g§Kf©erc coIH$ h¢, na§Vw

(203)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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_| nhc ^r H$aVo h¢ Am¡a _Om ^r coVo h¢& "dmXo-dmXo Om`Vo VËd~moY…' _| CZH$m

{dídmg h¢& dmX {ddmX Am¡a g§dmX ^r à{H«$`m go {dMma {dH${gV H$aZo H$s CZH$s

AmXV h¢&''

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Bg ~mao _| Zm_da qgh Or AnZo {dMma ì`ŠV H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¢ ""My§{H$ gm{hË`-

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coIH$m| Ûmam "B©OmX' H$s J`r Wr& CÝhm|Zo H${dVm H$s "ñdm`Îm gÎmm' VWm Cg_| ^mfmJV

(204)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


"{dg§J{V', "{dS§>~Zm', "H«$s‹S>m^md' Am{X H$mo à_wIVm Xr Wr Am¡a én Ho$ {dícofU

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H$s hr g_rjm H$s Om o VWm Cg {MÌ Ho$ gmW cJr {cnQ>r g§doXZmE±, OrdZmZw d

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dh {MÌ H$s g_rjm H$m Cnhmg hmoJm& R>rH$ `hr hmc ^mfm VH$ gr{_V Zm_dar-

g_rjm H$m h¢&

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{dMma ì`ŠV H$aVo hþE CÝhm|Zo H$hm ""àJ{Verc gm{hË` H$moB© pñWa _VdmX Zht h¡

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ahVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ {gÜXm§V CÎmamoÎma ñnï> VWm A{YH$ nyU© hmoVo h¢&''

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Câ H$a gm_Zo AmVm h¢&'' _wpŠV~moY Ho$ gmW-gmW S>m°.qgh Zo am_{dcmg e_m© na

(205)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


^r Iy~ {cIm- am_{dcmg H$s VwcZm _| Zm_da qgh H$m coIZ Aën h¡ na§Vw Bg

Aën coIZ _| ^r CÝhm|Zo em`X hr Hw$N> N>mo‹S>m hmo& Zm_da qgh Or Zo Cg Xm¡a

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~pëH$ CZH$s gmW©H$Vm H$m narjU ^r {H$`m& Zm_da qgh Or Zo H$mì`-^mfm Ho$

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Am¡a gm{hË` H$s cmoH$moÝ_wIr H«$m§{VH$mar na§nam H$mo Or{dV H$aZo H$m à`ËZ {H$`m Wm&

`ht Zm_da qgh Imcr AmcmoMZm _| hr Zht ~pëH$ H${dVm _| ^r Xygar na§nam Wr

CgHo$ dmhH$ _wpŠV~moY Wo Am¡a Z`r H${dVm Ho$ ~mha Omo Xygar na§nam ho CgHo$

dmhH$ ZmJmOw©Z Am¡a {ÌcmoMZ h¢&

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^mfm gm{hË` VWm AmcmoMZm H$s _yc yV qMVmAm| go g§~ÜX {df`m| na {dMma {H$`m

J`m h¢& Bg nwñVH$ H$mo "B{Vhmg Am¡a AmcmoMZm' H$s H$‹S>r Ho$ én _| XoIm Om gH$Vm

h¢& Zm_da qgh H$s AmcmoMZm H$m EH$ Xm¡a AmcmoMZm (Ì¡_m{gH$) Ho$ g§nmXH$ ~ZZo

go ^r ewé hþAm& 1967 go AmcmoMZm H$m g§nmXZ ewé {H$`m Am¡a 1968 _| H${dVm

Ho$ ZE à{V_mZ àH$m{eV hþB© Am¡a gm{hË` AH$mX_r Ho$ nwañH$ma go nwañH¥$V hmoH$a

AmcmoMH$ Zm_da H$m naM_ \$hamZo cJr& Bg AmcmoMZm Ho$ Ûmam do ZmJmOw©Z, {ÌcmoMZ,

_wpŠV~moY, am_{dcmg e_m© Am{X na AnZr {dh§J_ Ñ{ï> S>mc MwHo$ h¢& {ÌcmoMZ Ho$

g§~§Y _| CZH$s g§nmXH$s` {Q>ßnUr CZH$s g_rjm Ñ{ï> H$s naIZo _| ghm`H$ h¢&

(206)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


EH$ Z`m H$mìèmñÌ {ÌcmoMZ Ho$ {cE Bg_| CÝhm|Zo {ÌcmoMZ H$mo qhXr H$m OmVr`

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h¢&'' {ÌcmoMZ H$mo ZmJmOw©Z Zo Om`gr H$m CÎmam{YH$mar H$hm Wm na§Vw Zm_da qgh

CÝho Vwcgr Ho$ gmW I‹S>m H$aVo h¢&

{ZîH$f©…

`hr qhXr H$m gm¡ m½` h¡ {H$ AmO ^r Zm_da qgh O¡gm _yY©Ý` g_rjH$

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{dMmam| Ho$ {cE g§Kf© H$aVo aho, BgHo$ _rRo>-VrIo ñdmX ^r CÝh| {_c MwHo$ h¢& d¡Mm[aH$

g§Kf© H$s amh na McZo dmcm {ddmX H$m {df` hmoJm na `h CZH$s epŠV H$m ÚmoVH$

h¡ gr_m H$m Zht&g§X^© -1.AmcmoMZm `mÌm - M§Mc Mm¡hmZ2.AmcmoMH$ Am¡a AmcmoMZm {gÜXmÝV - S>m°.aVZ Hw$_ma nmÊSo>`

3.{hÝXr H$m AmcmoMZm nd© - H¥$îUXÎm nmcrdmc

(207)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


S>m°. ~ƒZ qgh H$s AmcmoMZm X¥{ï>

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VII-II

S>m°. gm¡. AéUm amO|X« ewŠb

Zm.E.gmo. gm`Ýg H$m°coO. Zm§XoS>

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Am¡a H«$mpÝVH$mar H${d "{Zamcm' H$s g_rjm go {H$`m Wm& Bg n«W_ H¥${V _| hr CÝhm|Zo

AnZo ì`mnH$ AÜ`m`, `WmWm}Ý_wI OrdZ-X¥{ï> Am¡a gyú_ AÝdrjU-j_Vm H$m n[aM`

Xo {X`m h¡& BgHo$ ~mX Wmo‹So>-~hþV AÝVamc Ho$ gmW CZH$s H¥${V`m± EH$ Ho$ ~mX

EH$ n«H$m{eV hmoVr ahr h¢& "{hÝXr-ZmQ>H$', "ar{VH$mcrZ H${d`m| H$s n«o_ ì §OZm", "{~hmar

H$m Z`m _yë`m§H$Z", "g_H$mcrZ g{mhË` … AmcmoMZm H$s MwZm¡Vr", "AmcmoMH$ Am¡a

AmcmoMZm", AmYw{ZH$ {hÝXr-gm{hË` H$m B{Vhmg", AmYw{ZH$ AmcmoMZm Ho$ ~rO eãX",

"gm{hË` H$m g_mOemñÌ Am¡a ê$ndmX", "^maVr` Ed§ nmíMmË` H$mì` emñÌ H$m

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Ho$ n[adV©Z H$s nhMmZ "{ZË` ZyVZ g_rjmË_H$ eãXmdcr Ho$ n« moJ' H$mo c{jV H$aZo

(208)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


go hmoVr h¡& Om{ha h¡ {H$ S>m°. ~ƒZ qgh Zo AmYw{ZH$ AmmcmoMZm Ho$ ~rO eãXm| H$s

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daZ² XmoZm| Ho$ {ddoH$nyU© AÝd` go ZB© g_rjm-nÜX{V Ho$ {dH$mg H$s X¥{ï> go {H$`m

h¡& gm{hË` Ho$ B{Vhmg H$m AÜ``Z ^r EH$ _mÌ B{Vhmg Ho$ VÏ`m| H$mo H«$_~ÜX

H$aZo Ho$ {cE Zht {H$`m h¡& B{Vhmg Ho$ AÜ``Z _| n«d¥ËV hmoZo H$m H$maU `h h¡

{H$ `h AÜ``Z g_rjm-X¥{ï> H$mo g_¥ÜX H$aVm h¡& AmnH$m ñnï> _V h¡ - "gm{hË`

H$mo gm{hË` ~ZmZo H$m Xm{`Ëd CgHo$ gm¡ÝX ©nyU© nj H$mo h¡ `mZr CgH$s {d{eï> ê$n-

aMZm H$mo {Og_| eãXm| H$m Mmê$VmY_u {dÝ`mg, {~å~, {_W, H$WmZH$ Am{X H$m

gpÝZdoe hmoVm h¡ Am¡a "Bg ê$n aMZm H$m Jham gå~ÝY Cg Eo{Vhm{gH$ n«{H«$`m

go h¡ {Og_| do {Z{_©V hmoVo h¢&" Bg{cE gm{hË` Ho$ gm¡ÝX © nj Ho$ {ddoMZ Ho$ {cE

"Eo{Vhm{gH$ n«{H«$`m AWm©V² ì`mnH$ gÝX^m|© _| AVrV Am¡a dV©_mZ Ho$ ÛÝÛmË_H$ gå~ÝYm|

H$m AÜ``Z A{Zdm © h¢&" _mZZm hmoJm {H$ EH$ loð> Am¡a g_W© g_rjH$ Ho$ {cE

H$mìèmñÌ Am¡a gm{hË o{Vhmg XmoZm| H$m Jham AZwercZ A{Zdm © h¡& S>m°. ~ƒZ qgh

Zo gmoM-g_PH$a Bg amñVo na McZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s h¡ co{H$Z `h H$mo{ee hr

h¡, nyU© g\$cVm H$m lo Zht {X`m Om gH$Vm&

S>m°. ~ƒZ qgh Ho$ AmcmoMH$-ì`pŠVËd H$mo g_PZo Ho$ {cE Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$

h_ nhco CZHo$ AmcmoMZmXe© H$mo OmZo& CZHo$ {cE AmcmoMZm Š`m h¡ Am¡a AmcmoMH$

H$m H$V©ì` Š`m h¡ ? Bgo OmZo {~Zm h_ CZHo$ AmcmoMH$-ì`pŠVËd H$m R>rH$-R>rH$

{dícofU Zht H$a gH$Vo& S>m°.qgh Ho$ AZwgma-"AmcmoMZm _| ê$n VËd H$m _hËd A{YH$

h¡ Š`m|{H$ AmcmoMZm H$m _hËd Bgr Ztd na {Q>H$m hþAm h¡ & ê$nd¡cjÊ` H$s nH$‹S>

dñVw `m gm_m{OH$ AW©dËVm H$s nH$‹S> h¡ &' `hm± `h Ü`mZ aIZm hmoJm {H$ S>m°.qgh

gm_m{OH$ AW©dËVm H$s Cnojm Zht H$aVo {H$ÝVw Cgo nH$‹S>Zo Ho$ {cE ê$n-VËd H$s

{dcjUVm H$mo nH$‹S>Zm Amdí`H$ _mZVo h¢& E¡gm Bg{cE h¡ {H$ "dñVw' H$mì` _| n«Ë`jV…

(209)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


CnpñWV Z hmoH$a dH«$V… CnpñWV hmoVr h¡& do H$hVo h¡ - ""dñVw dhr Zht h¡ Omo

H$mì` _| n«Ë`jV… CnpñWV hmoVr h¡- Bggo Á`mXm dh dH«$V… CnpñWV hmoVr h¡ `mZr

{~å~m|, n«VrH$m|, n«{d{Y`m|, e¡cr`m| Am{X _|&' ê$n _| ^r dñVw H$mo nyU©V…c{jV Zht

{H$`m Om gH$Vm& Š`m|{H$ "ê$nmË_H$ g§KQ>Zm Ho$ ~rM-~rM _| Xama| hmoVr h¢, _m¡Z

hmoVo h¡§, AdH$me hmoVo h¢& ^mdm|,{dMmamo§ Ho$ AZoH$ VËd BZ_| {N>no hmoVo h¢& AmcmoMH$

H$m H$V©ì` h¡ {H$ BZ [aŠVVmAm| H$mo â|&''1

AmcmoMZm H$m H$moB© Eogm n«{V_mZ h¡, `m hmo gH$Vm {OgHo$ AmYma na h_

loð> Am¡a {d{eï> aMZmAm| H$s ê$nmË_H$-g§KQ>Zm Am¡a CZHo$ ~rM _| nm`r OmZo dmcr

Xamam|, AdH$mem| Am{X H$m Rr>H$-Rr>H$ {dícofU H$aHo$ dñVw-VËd H$s {dcjUVm H$m

AmH$cZ H$a gH$Vo h¡§ ? S>m°.qgh H$m ñnï> CËVa h¡-"Zht'& do H$hVo h¢- ""nyd© Am¡a

npíM_ _§o g_`-g_` na AmcmoMZm Ho$ _mZ {ZYm©[aV {H$ o J o, na CZ_| go H$moB©

^r _mZ Eogm Zht h¢ {Ogo gmd© m¡_ Am¡a emídV _mZ H$s g§km Xr Om`& ^maVr`

H$mìèmó _| AZoH$ {gÜXmÝVm| Am¡a H$mì`-gån«Xm`m| H$m A{d^m©d Bg ~mV H$m g~yV

h¡¡ {H$ {H$gr EH$ _mZ H$mo {ZXm}f _mZH$a J«mø Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm& O~ ^r BÝh|

{H$gr H¥${V na hÿ-~-hÿ cmJy {H$`m J`m h¡ V~ AmcmoMZm H$m gmam CnH«$_ Cnhmñ`mñnX

hmo J`m&''2 S>m°.qgh gn«_mU {gÜX H$aVo h¢ {H$ ""aMZm EH$ g§pícï> aMZmË_H$ BH$mB©

h¡ Bg{cE Cgo {H$gr EH$ {d{eï> n«{V_mZ Ho$ AmYma na _yë`m§{H$V Zht {H$`m Om

gH$Vm& g§ñH¥$V H$mìèmó H$m {dH$mg Üd{Z-{gÜXmÝV VH$ AmH$a ê$H$ J`m& `{X

h_ Üd{Z H$m| n«{V_mZ _mZH$a ì §OZm ì`mnma H$s loð>Vm ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢ Vmo "{Zamcm'

H$m A{^Ym-n«YmZ H$mì` CgH$s loð>Vm Ho$ AmJo n«íZ {Mh²Z cJm XoVm h¡& S>m°.qgh

Ho$ AZwgma AmO Ho$ gÝX © _|§ "Hw$ÝVH$ H$s AmcmoMZmË_H$ X¥{ï> Am¡a eãXmdcr ~hþV

H$m_ H$s h¡, na dH«$mopŠV Ho$ oXm| H$mo Á`m| H$m Ë`m| J«hU Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm

h¡&''3 Bgr n«H$ma Amamon H$m hdmcm XoVo hþE do H$hVo h¢-" yamon _| ^r AañVw Am¡a

hmoaog Ho$ Šbm{gH$c {Z`_m| Ho$ {damoY _| ñdÀN>ÝXVmdmXr _Vm| H$s n«{VîR>m hþB©&

(210)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AmB©.E.[aMS²>©g, B{c`Q> Am{X Zo ñdÀN>ÝXVmdmXr n«d¥pËV`m| Ho$ {damoY _| nwZ…

{Z`_mZwdV©Z na Omoa {X`m & na Z o AmcmoMH$m|, Zo gm{hË` Ho$ gÝX © _|, CÝh|

AñdrH¥$V H$aHo$ Z o {gÜXmÝVm| H$s ñWmnZm H$s& na BZgo ^r H$moB© Eogm n«{V_mZ

ñWm{nV Zht hmo nm`m Omo _hmZ H¥${V H$mo AÀN>r H¥${V go Am¡a AÀN>r H¥${V H$mo H$_

AÀN>r H¥${V go AcJ H$a gHo$&''4 S>m°.qgh Zo Eo{Vhm{gH$, _Zmo{dícofUdmXr, _mŠg©dmXr,

Xme©{ZH$, A{^ì §OZmdmXr Am{X g_rjm-nÜX{V`m| H$s gr_mAm| H$m g§Ho$V H$aVo hþE

g^r H$mo Im[aO H$a {X`m h¡& {dkmZ Ho$ n« md _| AmcmoMZm H$mo {dkmZ H$s Vah

dñVw{Zð> ~ZmZo H$m n« ËZ X¥{ï> _| AZw{MV "dñVw{Zð>Vm gm{hË` Ho$ gm¡ÝX`m©Zwg§YmZ

Ho$ {cE Cn`moJr Zht h¡&' ""AmnH$m Xmo Qy>H$ {ZU© h¡ {H$ "ag Ac§H$ma, ar{V, Üd{Z,

dH«$mopŠV Am{X H$m gpÝZdoe H$mì` _| hmoVm h¡ na dh BZgo H$ht A{YH$ h¡& Bgr

n«H$ma ApÝd{V, gacVm, O{Q>cVm, {dñ_` Am{X H$mì` _| AZwñ yV hmoVo h¢& BZ eãXm|

Ho$ AmYma na AmcmoMZm H$m {_WH$ V¡ ma hmo gH$Vm h¡, ñd § AmcmoMZm Zht&''5

S>m°.qgh nwamZr AmcmoMZm nÜX{V`m| H$m AÜ``Z CZH$s n«mg§{JH$Vm H$s Vcme

H$mo X¥{ï> _| aIH$a H$aVo h¢¡& aMZm Ho$ ^m{fH$ {dícofU _| do Ohm± VH$ h_mar ghm`Vm

H$a gH$Vm h¢, dhm± VH$ J«mø h¡, BgHo$ AmJo Zht& ZB© g_rjm nÜX{V`m| _| ê$gr

ê$ndmX, ZB© AmcmoMZm, g§aMZmdmX Am¡a S>rH$m°ÝñQ´>ŠeZ H$s MMm© H$aZo Ho$ ~mX do

H$hVo h¢-""AnZr Im{_`m| Ho$ ~mdOyX "ê$gr ê$ndmX' Am¡a "ZB© g_rjm' h_| {H$Ýht

AWm] _| n«{e{jV H$aVr h¡ {H$ÝVw "g§aMZmdmX' Vmo EH$ MH«$ì yh h¡ & Bg_| \±$gH$a

g_rjm Vmo _aVr hr h¡ AnZo gmW gm{hpË`H$ H¥${V H$mo ^r co Sy>~Vr h¡&''6

"S>rH$m°ÝñQ´>ŠeZ' H$mo ^r Amn cJ^J Bgr ê$n _| XoIVo h¡...""CZH$m {gÜXmÝV Cg

KZo O§Jc H$s Vah h¡ {Og_| H$moB© amñVm Zht h¡& amñVm McZo dmcm ñd § AnZm

amñVm ~ZmEJm& CËVa, X{jU, nyd©, npíM_ dh H$ht ^r Om gH$Vm h¡& S>rH$m°ÝñQ´>ŠeZ

"O§Jc Ho$ ^rVa go O§Jc Ho$ nma Cg {dMa- y{_ VH$ nh°w§MZm h¡ Omo AZwnpñWV

h¡&' VmËn © `h h¡ g_W© g_rjH$ ~Zo-~Zm o gm±Mmo Ho$ AmYma na aMZm H$m _yë`m§H$Z

(211)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Zht H$aVm, BZgo dh ghm`Vm co gH$Vm h¡ {Og n«H$ma EH$ loð> aMZmH$ma naånam

H$m A{VH«$_U H$aHo$ AnZr _m¡{cH$ n«{V^m go ZB© aMZm n«ñVwV H$aVm h¡, Cgr n«H$ma

g_W© g_rjH$ naånamJV n«{V_mZm| H$m A{VH«$_U H$aHo$ O{Q>c ^m{fH$ g§aMZm H$m

{dícofU _| g_rjH$ H$s AnZr AÝV©X¥{ï> Am¡a n«{V^m hr H$m_ AmVr h¡& naånamJV

n«{V_mZ g_rjH$ H$s X¥{ï> H$mo g_¥ÜX H$aZo _| ghm`H$ hmo gH$Vo h¢& BgHo$ AmJo

y{_H$m g_má hmo OmVr h¢ &

AmO Ho$ g§X © _§| AmcmoMZm H$s gmW©H$Vm na {dMma H$aVo hþE S>m°.~ƒZ qgh

H$hVo h¢ -""AmO H$s AmcmoMZm Ho$ {cE g~go Oê$ar h¡ AmYw{ZH$ _mZdr` pñW{V

Ho$ gÝX © _| ^m{fH$ g§aMZm H$m {dícofU Am¡a _yë`m§H$Z&'' `hm± `h Ü`mZ XoZo H$s

~mV h¡ {H$ _mÌ ^m{fH$ {dícofU n`m©á Zht h¡& ^m{fH$ {dícofU _mZdr` pñW{V Ho$

gÝX © _| {H$`m OmZm Mm{hE& S>m°.qgh `h _mZVo h¢ aMZmË_H$ O{Q>cVm H$m gå~ÝY

H$mì` ~ÜX OrdZ X¥pîQ> go hmoVm h¡ Bg{cE AmcmoMH$ H$m H$V©ì` h¡ {H$ aMZmË_H$

O{Q>cVmAm| H$mo H$mì`-~ÜX OrdZ X¥{ï> go OmoSoµ>& Bgo AnZo {MpÝVV OrdZmZw d Ho$

gÝX © _| ^r {díco{fV H$a|&" OrZZmZw d H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE do H$hVo h¢ ""OrdZmZw d

EH$ g_J« OrdZ-X¥pîQ> h¢, {OgHo$ Am`m_ h¢, {OgH$s AZoH$ nV© h¡& H$mì`JV

g§pícîQ>Vm _| AW© H$s AZoH$ nV}§ g§pícîQ> AZw dm| Ho$ H$maU AmVr h¡.&''7 S>m°.qgh

H$m ApÝV_ dmŠ` CZH$s g_rjm-X¥pîQ> H$mo ñnîQ> H$a XoVm h¡ H$mì`JV g§pícîQ>Vm

H$m AmYma AW© H$s AZoH$ nV}§ h¢ Am¡a BZ nVm}§ H$m AmYma h¡ g§pícîQ> OrdZ-

AZw d& Bg{cE AmcmoMZm H$m Xm{`Ëd h¡ {H$ dh ^m{fH$-g§aMZm Ho$ {dícofU Ûmam

AW© H$s nVm}§ H$m CX²KmQ>Z H$ao Am¡a g§pícîQ> OrdZ AZw d VH$ nh°wMo & {Og Vah

aMZm-{deof H$mo _moQo> Vm¡a na XoIH$a Cg_| {Z{hV {dMmaYmam Am¡a OrdZ `WmW© H$s

MMm© dmñV{dH$ AmcmoMZm Zht, Cgr Vah ^m{fH$-g§aMZm H$m _mÌ `m§{ÌH$ {dícofU

^r dmñV{dH$ AmcmoMZm Zht& `h H$maU h¡ {H$ S>m°.qgh g_mOemór` ({deofV… E§Vmo{Z`mo,

J«måer, Ho$ gm{hË` H$m g_mOemó) Am¡a ê$ndmXr g_rjm nÜX{V`m| Ho$ g§ícofU go

(212)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ZB© g_rjm-nÜX{V {dH${gV H$aZm MmhVo h¢&

"AmYw{ZH$ {hÝXr gm{hË` H$m B{Vhmg" _| ^r S>m°. ~ƒZ qgh H$m g_rjH$

ê$n H$_ Zht Câm h¡& BgH$m EH$ hr CXmhaU n`m©á hmoJm & _wpŠV~moY H$s n«{gÜX

H${dVm-"A§Yoao _|'na {Q>ßnUr H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¡-Z Vmo Bg_| Apñ_Vm H$s ImoO h¡ Am¡a

Z {dc & `{X Apñ_Vm H$mo coH$a hr {dMma H$aZm h¡ Vmo _wpŠV~moY H$s eãXmdcr

_| Bgo Apñ_Vm H$m {dH$mg H$hm Om gH$Vm h¢& I§{S>V ì`pŠVËd Ho$ Xmo ^mJm| _|

EH$ ÛÝÛmË_H$ h¡& {dH$mg H$s {Xem Bgr go {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡, dh {Xem h¡ AmË_

gå^d na_ A{^ì`pŠV& ÛÝÛ H$m n«W_ nj XheV, VmZmemhr H$m Qo>Q>a, ~wpÜXOrdr

H$s H$màVm Am{X h¡ Vmo Xygam nj "aŠVcmoH$ g³mV nwê$f,' H$moB© dh kmZ na_

A{^ì`pŠV' Am{X h¡& BZ XmoZm| H$s Q>H$amhQ> _| hr Apñ_Vm nyU© AdñWm VH$

nhw±MoJr&''Ÿ8 BgHo$ ~mX H${dVm Ho$ EH$-EH$ ~ÝY H$mo coH$a CgH$m Omo gyú_ {dícofU

{H$`m h¡ dh AË`ÝV _hËdnyU© h¡ & Ü`mZ go XoIm Om` Vmo nyam B{Vhmg g_rjm-

Y_u h¡& Bg_| AmnZo aMZmH$mam| H$m gyÌ ê$n _| d¡{eîQ²>` n«{VnmXZ {H$`m h¡& d¡{eîQ²>`

H$m AmYma ~Vm`m h¡& aMZmH$mam| H$s {^ÝZVmAm| H$mo aoIm§{H$V {H$`m h¡& CZH$s H${_`m|

H$s Amoa Bemam {H$`m h¡ Am¡a AZoH$ Adgam| na CZH$s gmW©H$Vm H$mo coH$a n«íZ

^r CR>m`m h¢&

S>m°.~ƒZ qgh ñdrH¥$V ZmQ>`-g_rjH$ h¢ `m Zht, Bg_| _V oX hmo gH$Vm

h¡ {H$ÝVw CZH$s ZmQ>`-g_rjm Ho$ _hËd go BÝH$ma Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm & _mohZ

amHo$e Ho$ "AmYo-AYyao' ZmQ>H$ H$s g_rjm AmnZo g§aMZm Am¡a _§Mr` n« md XmoZm|

X¥pîQ>`m| go H$s h¡& g§aMZm na {Q>ßnUr H$aVo hþE S>m°. ~ƒZ qgh Zo H$hm h¡-""g§aMZm

H$s X¥pîQ> _| ^r ZmQ>H$ {ZXm}f Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm & ZmQ>H$ H$s n«ñVmdZm ZmQ>H$s`

{Q´>H$ ~Z H$a ah J`r h¡& dh ZmQ>H$ go {WJcr H$s Vah {_cr hþB© n«VrV hmoVr h¡&

nwê$f EH$, Xmo VrZ Am¡a Mma VH$ n«VrH$mË_H$ {dYmZ {H$gr {d{eîQ> AW©~moY H$m

dmhH$ Zht ~Z nmVm & Ho$dc gm{dÌr H$s X¥pîQ> _| {gÜX H$aZo Ho$ {cE {H$ g^r

(213)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


nwê$f EH$ Vah Ho$ hmoVo h¢, n«VrH$ H$m `h {dYmZ AmS>å~a Ho$ A{V[aŠV Am¡a Hw$N>

^r Zht cJVm&''9 _§Mr` n« md Ho$ gå~ÝY _| Amn H$hVo h¡-"_hoÝX« H$m Qy>Qo> Ka

_| dmng cm¡Q>Zm h_| EH$ gm_mÝ` KQ>Zm cJVr h¡& nmR>H$m| Ho$ _Z _| AHo$conZ H$s

AmYw{ZH$Vm Ho$ n«{V H$moB© VrIm amof Zht CËnÝZ hmoVm& {Og Vah ZmQ>H$ Ho$ EH$

nmÌ H$m Xygao nmÌ go g§dmX hmoH$a ^r {dg§dmX H$s pñW{V ~Zr ahVr h¡ Cgr n«H$ma

Ho$ Xe©Z a§J_§M na g~ Hw$N> XoIH$a ^r Ag§dmX H$s pñW{V _| cm¡oQ> AmVm h¡&10

"{dg§dmX' H$s pñW[V Š`m| ~Zr ahVr h¡ ? BgH$m H$maU ~VmVo hþE _mohZ amHo$e Ho$

AÝ` ZmQ>H$m| H$mo ^r gm_Zo aIVo h¢ Am¡a H$hVo h¢ {H$ H$mcrXmg Amfm‹T>> H$m EH$

{XZ _| AnZo {ZOr n[adoe go hQ>H$a ~¥hËVa n[adoe Am¡a g_ñ`mAm| go Ow‹S>m h¢

Bgr n«H$ma "ZÝX cham| H$m amOh§g _| Ho$ {damoY _| Jm¡V_ ~wÜX H$m ì`mnH$ Ed§ Jå^ra

n[adoe h¡ &' {H$ÝVw _hoÝX« H$m Omo Hw$N> AnZm h¡ dh em`X CVZm ^r AnZm Zht

h¡ {H$ CgHo$ gmW VmaVå` H$s AZw y{V hmo gHo$ & _hoÝX« H$m n[adoe coIH$ Ho$

_pñVîH$ H$s CnO h¡& Cgo dmñV{dH$Vm H$s O_rZ na CVmam hr Zht J`m& AÝ`

ZmQ>H$H$mam| Ho$ gå~ÝY _| ^r AmnZo gQ>rH$ Am¡a gmW©H$ {Q>ßnUr`m± H$s h¡ & O¡go

OJXre MÝX« _mWwa Ho$ H$moUmH©$ _| cmoH$-VÝÌ H$s ~w{Z`mXr g_ñ`mE°§ CR>mB© J`r h¡

& "nhcm amOm' _o Zohé wJrZ cmoH$V§Ì H$s AZoH$mZoH$ g_ñ`mAm| H$mo {c`m J`m h¡&

"AíH$' OrdZ Ho$ O{Q>c gÝX^m] _| Zht Ow‹S>> nmVo & lr cú_rZmamÙ {_l H$m

_hËd {hÝXr-ZmQ>`-gm{hË` H$s `WmW©dmXr e¡cr go A{^_§{S>V H$aZo Ho$ H$maU hr

Zht _Ü` dJu` g_ñ`mAm| _| AnojmH¥$V Jhao n¡R>Zo go ^r h¡& ^rî_ gmhZr H$m "hmZye'

CZHo$ H$WmH$ma H$s N>m`m _| nZn Zht nm`m& "_wX«mamjg' EH$ geŠV ZmQ>H$H$ma hmoZo

H$s n«{H«$`m _| H$ht ñW{JV hmo J o h¢& _ÝZy ^ÊS>mar H$m "{~Zm {Xdmam| H$m Ka'

AZw y{V H$s VëIr {cE hþE h¢ {H$ÝVw Cg_| OrdZ H$s g§pícîQ>Vm Zht h¡& XyYZmW

qgh H$s "`_JmWm' _| gmar H$Wm H$mo gm_m{`H$ gÝX^m| _|, _mZdr` YamVc na, Bg

Vah nwZ… g{O©V {H$`m J`m h¢ {H$ nhco H$s gmar H$Wm _| AOZ{~`V H$m g_mdoe

(214)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


hmo OmVm h¡& `h g~ hmoZo na ^r "{hÝXr-ZmQ>H$' H$mo {hÝXr-ZmQ>` gm{hË` H$m ewÜX

g_rjm J«ÝW, Zht H$hm Om oJm& Eo{Vhm{gH$ Z¡aÝV © H$mo aoIm§{H$V H$aZo H$m X~md ~am~a

~Zm hþAm h¢& S>m°.qgh nadVu ZmQ>H$m| na {dMma H$aVo hþE Cgr ñVa Ho$ nyd©dVu ZmQ>H$m|

H$s naånam go ~am~a Omo‹S>Vo h¢&

_yë`m§H$Z Ho$ AmYma na S>m°.~ƒZ qgh AmcmoMZm H$s ZdrZV_ nÜXVr`m| go

n[a{MV h¢ & CÝh| g_rjm Ho$ Z o-nwamZo g^r Am¢Omam| H$m AÀN>m kmZ h¡& ê$n-

aMZm Ho$ {dícofU _| CZ Am¢Omam| H$m n« moJ H$aZm ^r CÝh| AmVm h¢& EH$ {dÛmZ

d[aîR> g_rjH$ Ho$ ê$n _| CZH$s »`m{V ^r H$_ Zht h¢, {H$ÝVw g_rjm Ho$ joÌ

_| CÝh| dh ñWmZ Zht {_c gH$m Omo S>m°.am_{dcmg e_m©, S>m°.Zm_da qgh H$mo n«má

h¢& H$maU Š`m h¡ ? em`X BgH$m H$maU `h h¡ {H$ S>m°.qgh AmJo ~‹T>>H$a Z`r H$mì`-

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na {dMma H$aVo h¢ Vmo nyar g§OrXJr Am¡a gVH©$Vm go H$m_ coVo h¢ Am¡a n«m`… n«{VpîR>V

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h¡ {H$ B{Vhmg ~ZmZo H$s OJh CÝhm|Zo B{Vhmg {cIZo _| A{YH$ {XcMñnr {XImB©

(215)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h¢& Bg{cE CZHo$ coIZ _| g§VwcZ Am¡a g_J«Vm Vmo h¡ {H$ÝVw ZdcVm Am¡a VmOJr

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10.dhr n¥îR>.-177

(216)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


qhXr gmR>moÎmar H$mc Ho$ n«_wI AmcmoMH$ S>m°. Zm_daqgh

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VII-III

S>m°.eoI hgrZm ~mZmo

ZoVmOr gw^mfM§X« ~mog _hm{dÚmc`, Zm§XoS>

S>m°. Zm_daqgh H$m Zm_ AmcmoMZm H$_© go Ow‹S>m hþAm h¡ Am¡a {OZ H$maUm|

go »`mV hmo J o h¢, CgH$s R>rH$-R>rH$ A{^ì`pŠV "dmX {ddmX Am¡a g§dmX' Bg

nwñVH$ _| hþB© h¡& S>m°. Zm_daqgh H$m Zm_ g_rjH$ Ho$ én _| `m AmcmoMH$ Ho$ én

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_wpíH$c `h h¡ {H$ g§dmX H$s ~mV| Vmo ~hþV Xya hmoVr h¢, g§dmX H$aZo Ho$ {cE cmoJ

Zht {_cVo, dh g§dmX Š`m {Og_| Hw$N> dmX-{ddmX Z hmo& co{H$Z {hÝXr g§ñH¥${V

_| dmX-{ddmX H$mo AÀN>m Zht g_Pm OmVm&''1

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_m¢{IH$ g§dmX _wX«m go g^r n[a{MV h¢& AnZr _wX«m _| do Omo H$hVo aho h¢ dh g~

{c{n~ÜX Zht h¡& gZ² 1967 _| do "AmcmoMZm n{ÌH$m Ho$ gånmXH$ hÿE Am¡a V~

go gZ² 1989 VH$ VoB©g A§H$ na "AmcmoMZm' ~ÝX hmo J`r& "AmcmoMZm' Ho$ BZ

A§H$mo Zo Zm_daqgh H$mo ~Zm`m `m ñd § Zm_daqgh Zo AmcmoMZm H$mo ~Zm`m? XmoZm|

hr ~mV| R>rH$ h¢& AnZo ñ\w$Q> coIZ H$mo g§nmXH$s` Xm{`Ëd go {cIo J o coIZ H$mo

, g§Jmo{ð>`m| hoVw `m {H$gr AÝ` n« moOZ go {X o J o ^mfUm| H$mo {H$gr nwñVH$ Ho$

{cE {cIr J`r y{_H$m H$m, coIZ _| H$moB©-Z-H$moB© n« moOZ h¡ Am¡a `h g~ ~mhar

(217)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$maU h¢ {OÝh| AmH$ma én XoZm Amdí`H$ ahm h¡ Am¡a Bg én _| Omo Hw$N> {cIm

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AmcmoMH$ H$s _wX«m H$mo ì`ŠV H$aVo h¢&

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`hr n«YmZ JwU ahm h¡& do {H$gr ~mV H$mo gm\$-gm\$ H$hZm OmZVo h¢& {df` go

A{YH$ ì`pŠV H$mo nH$‹S>Vo h¢ Am¡a ì`pŠV Ho$ {df` ~moY H$m CX²KmQ>Z H$aVo h¢&

Am¡a gƒmB© `h h¡ {H$ `h ~mV g~H$mo AÀN>r Zht cJVr& gM H$s _wX«m _| do ~mocZm

Am¡a {cIZm OmZVo h¢& Am¡a ha Omo{I_ Ho$ {cE V¡ ma ahVo h¢& Zm_daqgh H$mo Xygam

Zm_daqgh Zht {_cm - Omo CZgo g§dmX H$ao, `hr CZH$s {eH$m`V ahr h¡& AHo$co

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h¡& Eogr naånam _| hr g§dmX gå^d h¡&

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gm_Zo ahVm h¡& Am¡a Bggo {df`-~moY Vmo A{YH$ Zht ~‹T>Vm A{nVw {df` go gå~{YV

n«d¥{Îm H$m ì`pŠV go gå~Õ én H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡& Eogr _wX«m {ZpíMV hr AmdoJ H$mo

OmJ¥V H$aZo dmcr hmoVr h¡& Eogr pñW{V _| {df` H$m n[aM` ^r {X`m OmVm h¡ Cg_|

H«$_ Zht ahVm, Cg_| ~mV H$s n«d¥{Îm hr A{YH$ hmoVr h¢& Am¡a gƒmB© `h h¡ {H$

AmcmoMZm H$_© emoYH$m © Zht h¡ Am¡a Z hr Bg_| B{Vhmg {cIZm h¡ `m {H$gr H$s

ñWmnZm H$aZm h¡ Am¡a cmoJ Omo `h g~ H$m_ H$aVo h¢ CgH$m gm_m{OH$ gÝX ©

_| JwU XmofmË_H$ {ddoMZ H$aVm h¡& Eogm H$aZo Ho$ {cE {df` H$mo Cggo gå~Õ ì`pŠV

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Omo‹S> nmVm dh AmcmoMZm H$_© ^r R>rH$ H¡$go H$a nmEJm? do g~ JwU, EH$ AmcmoMH$

(218)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Ho$ n«YmZ JwU S>m°. Zm_daqgh _| nm o OmVo h¢ Am¡a Bg joÌ _| do AnZr {_gmc

Amn h¢& Ohm§ h_mar X¥{ï> Zht OmVr, dhm± CZH$s X¥{ï> OmVr h¡& do Eogr ~mV H$hVo

h¢ {H$ h_ H$ht {H$gr ~mV H$mo {dnarV ê$n _| Mmho _Z Z _mZo, {\$a ^r gmoMZo

Ho$ {cE {dde hmo OmVo h¢&

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n[aM` O~ VH$ h_| Zht hmoVm V~ VH$ kmZ AmË_gmV hmo J`m h¡, `h h_ H¡$go

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Ho$ ñVa H$mo g_P gH|$Jo&

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_| H$hm h¡ "H${dVm Ho$ Z o n«{V_mZ" AmcmoMZm Ho$ Cg gh`moJr n« mg H$m A§J h¡

{OgHo$ nrNo> Z o _yë`m| H$s ImoO Am¡a n«{Vð>m H$mo coH$a McZodmco g§Kf© H$m EH$

cå~m {gc{gcm h¡ Am¡a {Og_| ha EH$ H$m AnZm AmË_g§Kf© ^r em{_c h¡& nwñVH$

H$s dmX-e¡cr Bgr g§Kf© Ho$ {~Zm O~ Xmo dŠV H$s amoQ>r ^r _`ñga Zht hmoVr

Vmo H${dVm Ho$ _yë` Š`m {_c|Jo& _yë`m| H$mo Bgr{cE H$_m`m hþAm gË` H$hm OmVm

h¡ {H$ ha EH$ H$mo _yë`m| Ho$ {cE IwX H$s_V MwH$mZr n‹S>Vr h¡&

(219)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H${dVm Ho$ Z o n«{V_mZ nwñVH$ _| H${dVm Š`m h¡& Bg Ho$ n«{V_mZ H$s

n«g§JmZwHy$cVm, _yë`m§H$Z H$s g_ñ`m, N>m`mdmXmoËVa H${dVm, _yë`m| H$m Q>H$amd, Cd©er-

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" B©_mZXmar Am¡a n«m_m{UH$ AZw y{V, n[adoe Am¡a _yë` n[a{eï> _| A§Yoao _| na_

A{^ì`pŠV H$s ImoO… "A§Yoao _|' nyZíM H$m g_mdoe h¡&

S>m°. Zm_daqgh Or Ho$ AÜ``Z H$m \$cH$ AË §V {dñV¥V h¡& `h AÜ``Z

g§ñH¥$V, An «§e Am¡a n¥ÏdramO amgmo go Ama§ hmoVo hÿE ZB© H$hmZr, ZB© H${dVm Am¡a

g_H$mcrZ gO©Zm VH$ \¡$cm hþAm h¡& Amn nmíMmË` gm{hË` Ed§ emñÌm| Ho$ ^r JhZ

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göX`Vm, emoY Am¡a AmcmoMZm emñÌ Am¡a cmoH$, ^maVr` VWm {dXoer {dMma nÜX{V`m±,

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~mX AnZo "n¥ÏdramOamgmo' H$s ^mfm H$m AÜ``Z n«ñVwV {H$`m& "N>m`mdmX' Bg J«ÝW

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(220)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


ZB© H$hmZr H$m gm¢X ©emñÌ AmnZo "ZB© H$hmZr" Zm_H$ nwñVH$ _| n«ñVwV {H$`m Vmo

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_whmdao H$m n« moJ H$aZodmco Amn {dac AmcmoMH$ h¢& AmnH$s VH©$epŠV, ~m¡pÜXH$Vm

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1) AmYw{ZH$ qhXr gm{hË` H$m B{Vhmg - S>m°. gy`©ZmamÙ aUgwô

(221)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


g_H$mcrZ {hÝXr AmcmoMZm Ho$ {dH$mg _|AmcmoMH$ S>m°.{dO` ~hmXwa qgh H$s y{_H$m

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VII-IV

S>m°. ImOr _w»VmamoXrZ I_amoXrZe§H$aamd MìhmU _hm{dÚmc`,AYm©nya

Vm.AYm©nya {O.Zm§XoS>&

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h¡ {H$ gm{hË` Am¡a AmcmoMZm H$m g§~§Y ^r Jham ahm h¡& Oè§H$a n«gmX Zo H$hm

Wm {H$ ê$n [aPmVm h¡, Am±Io [aPVr h¡ Am±Io Z hmo Vmo ê$n H$s gËVm ~oAW© hmo

Om oJr Bg{cE AmcmoMZm H$mo g_mO Am¡a gä`Vm H$s g~go Jhar Am¡a Iy~gyaV Am±I

_mZZm hmoJm {OgHo$ gh`moJ Am¡a g{H«$` go ì`mnma go gm{hË` Ho$ ê$n Hw$ê$n H$s

I~a cJVr h¡&

(222)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


g_H$mcrZ {hÝXr AcmoMZm _| A~ Z o grao go {dMma hmo ahm h¡& na§namJV

AmcmoMZm Ho$ _mZX§S> go nao hmoH$a AmO AmcmoMZm _| {dkmZnaH$Vm, dñVwnaH$Vm,

ghX`VmdmX, ^mdVabVm, n[adV©Z Ho$ VH©$ na gm¡X © H$mo naIZm, gm{hË` gO©Z

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OrdZ H$m {dH$mg hþAm h¡, Vmo Xygar Am¡a AmO ^r g_mO _| H$B© {dS>å~ZmE± AnZm

\$Z \¡$cmE gwgH$ma ahr h¡& Eogo _| gm{hË` H$s {XemE± ~Xc ahr h¡ Vmo ñdm^m{dH$Vm

go g_H$mcrZ AmcmoMZm H$s g§ mdZmE± ^r ~Xc aht h¡& AmcmoMZm H$_© _| {d_e© H|$X«r`

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`moJXmZ ^r _hËdnyU© h¡&

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H$m aMZm g§gma', 'nmíMmË` H$mìèmñÌ', '_hmXodr H$s H${dVm H$m ZonÏ`', 'cmoH${n«

H${d ^dmZr n«gmX {_l', 'dg§V nmoVXma AgmYmaU JÚ {eënr', 'ZmJmOw©Z g§dmX',

'AmcmoMH$ H$m ñdXoe-AmMm © Z§XXwcmao dmOno r H$s OrdZr Ho$ gmW H${dVmE±, g§ñ_aU,

'Xwî §V Hw$_ma aMZmdcr, '^dmZr n«gmX {_l aMZmdcr' VWm AmMm © Z§XXwcmao dmOno r

(223)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


aMZmdcr', Am¡a '_¡Ìo r nwînm ñÌr hmoZo H$s H$Wm' H$m g§nmXZ ^r {H$`m h¡& AmcmoMH$

H$s X¥pîQ> go do EH$ Z`m Voda coH$a AmcmoMZm joÌ _| Câ H$a AmE h¢& do AmO

{H$gr AmcmoMZm Ho$ dmX `m nÜX{V _| OH$Soµ> Zht h¡& {dO` ~hmXwa qgh AmMm ©

Z§XXwcmao dmOno r Ho$ {eî` ah| CÝhr H$s {Xem-{ZX©oeZ _| AmcmoMH$ X¥pîQ> H$mo {dH${gV

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S>m°.am_{dcmg e_m© Ho$ ^r {dMmam| go gh_V h¢ {H$ÝVw do _mŠg©dmX H$mo AnZo A§XmO

go Zmn Vmoc H$a _mŠg©dmX H$s ^maVr`Vm na {dMma n«ñVwV H$aVo h¢& CZH$m AmXe©

_.Jm§Yr Vmo h¡ hr na dh cmo{h`m Am¡a ^JV qgh H$mo ^r nyOVo h¢& ha EH$ {dMma

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Ëd[aV n«{V{H«$`m ì`ŠV H$aZo dmco ì`pŠV Ho$ én _| OmZo OmVo h¢& CZH$s ng§X-

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H$s g§km Xr h¡& VrZm| H${d`m| H$s g_ñV aMZmAm| H$mo Ama§{^H$, _Ü`dVu Am¡a A§{V_

n«m¡‹T>mdñWm H$s aMZmAm| Ho$ A§VJ©V {d^m{OV H$aVo hþE {dO` ~hmXwa qgh Zo ^md

Am¡a {eënJV {dH$mg Am¡a CËH$f© H$s ImoO H$s h¡&

A{^ì §OZm Ho$ gm¢X © H$s AmcmoMZm ^r {dO` ~hmXwa qgh Zo H$s h¡& AmcmoMH$

(224)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ '~¥hËÌ`r' Ho$ n«Ë oH$ H${d H$s {dMma-n««{H«$`m {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ahr h¡&

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h¡ VWm Bgr AmYma na AZoH$m| Zo Bg nwñVH$ H$s MMm© ^r H$s h¡&

(225)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


2)'ZmJmOw©Z H$m aMZm g§gma' _| AmcmoMH$ {dO` ~hmXwa qgh Zo ZmJmOw©Z

Ho$ H$mì` H$m _yc ñd^md, CZH$s g§doXZm, CZHo$ H$mì` Ho$ {df`, _mŠg©dmXr {dMmaYmam,

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J`m h¡& AmO Xoe Ho$ g^r {díd{dÚmc`m| _| ZmJmOw©Z na AÜ``Z Am¡a AZwg§YmZ

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H$aHo$ _hmXodr Ho$ H$mì` H$s na§nam, CgH$s Cn`mo{JVm Ed§ CZH$s {deofVmAm| H$mo ñnîQ>

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(226)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


do H$hVo h¡§ {H$ h_ AnZo n[adma Ho$ Xw…I H$mo Xw…I g_PVo h¢, co{H$Z n‹S>mogr Ho$

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{dO` ~hmXwa qgh H$s nwñVH$ 'ZmJmO©wZ g§dmX' ZmJmOw©Z Ho$ H${dVm H$s ì`m»`m _|

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(227)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


7)H$Wm AmcmoMZm na {dO` ~hmXwa qgh Zo ñV§ coIZ, AmcmoMZmË_H$ {Z~§Y

VWm ZmJmOw©Z aMZm g§gma O¡gr J§ ra aMZm {hÝXr AmcmoMZm gm{hË` H$mo Xr h¡& ZmJmOw©Z

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~hmXwa qgh Zo _¡Ìo r nwînm na ^r AmcmoMZmË_H$ {Z~§Y {cIo h¢& {dO` ~hmXwa qgh

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qgh H$s AmcmoMZm _| ì`m»`m H$_ {d_e© A{YH$ h¢&4

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(229)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


do {d{^ÝZ {df`m| na gVhr X¥pîQ>H$moU go {dMma H$aVo Zht ~pëH$ Cg {df` H$s

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(230)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


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gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VII-V

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(231)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


qhXr Ho$ {dH$mg _| An «§e H$m `moJ Am¡a n¥ÏdramO amgmo Ho$ ~mX CÝhm|Zo

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(232)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{ddoMZ _| do ny±OrdmX gm_§VdmX, eãX H$m BVZm BñVo_mc H$aVo h¡ {H$ AnZr AmcmoMZm

_| do H$^r H$^r Z`m H$c_m nTµ>Zo dmco AmcmoMH$ H$s ½dmhr XoZo cJVo h¡& Bg{cE

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(234)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h¡, Bggo g§Xoh Zht, ~pëH$ H$Ï` hr n«_wI Am¡a n«mW{_H$ h¡&

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(235)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


qhXr AmcomMZm H$m {dH$mg Am¡a Zm_da qgh

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VII-VI

n«m.S>m°. Ec.Q>r. H$mion«m. Eg. Or emhþ

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+cwQ>(AZ) = AmcmoMZm cmoM¥ `m cmoM H$m AW© h¡ XoIZm& Bg{cE {H$gr dñVw

`m H¥${V H$s gå`H$ ì`m»`m AWdm _wë`m§H$U H$aZm hr AmcmoMZm h¡& aMZmH$ma VWm

nmR>H$m| Ho$ ~rM H$s H$‹S>r AmcmoMZm h¡& {H$gr ^r _yb aMZm H$mo {^ÝZ {^ÝZ AmcmoMH$

{^ÝZ {^ÝZ én go Amcmo{MV H$a gH$Vo h¡& na§Vw _wbV… CZH$m CX²Xoí` EH$ hr

hmoVm h¡&

AmcmoMZm H$m {dH$mg …

AmcmoMZm H$m Eo{Vhm{gH$ ñdén cJ^J ^pŠVH$mc go XpîQ>JmoMa hmoVm h¡& {Og_|

(236)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


{Q>H$mnaH$ én A{YH$ {_cVm h¡& "am_M[aV _mZg' H$s {d{dY {Q>H$mE°§ VWm CgHo$

{d{^ÝZ AWm}§ H$s na§nam c§~o g_` VH$ Mcr h¡& Bg H$mc Ho$ H¥$îU ^ŠV gm{hË`

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ar{VH$mc _| n«_wIV… cjU J«§Wm| Ho$ én _| ag,Ac§H$ma, N§>X, Zm H$ Zm{ H$m, oX

Am{X _| g_mcmoMZm hmoVr ahr& Bg_| _w»` én go Xmo Vah H$s AmcmoMZm nX²YVr Wr& nhcr

Ac§H$madmXr Am¡a Xwgar agdmXr& BZ Xmo énm| _| Bg wJ H$s g_rjm hmoVr ahr&

^maV|Xw wJrZ AmcmoMZm _| EH$ {d{eîQ> n« moJ AZw d {H$`m J`m& JÚ Ho$

A{dîH$ma Ho$ gmW gmW AmcmoMZm H$m ^r EH$ Z`m én {ZH$c Am`m& Bg H$mc

Ho$ AmcmoMZm _| Hw$N> Z o VËdm| H$mo ñdrH$mam J`m& A~ VH$ CnÝ`mg, H$hmZr, ZmQ>H$,

{Z~§Y O¡gr {dYmAm| H$m {dH$mg hmo MwH$m Wm& AV… BZ {dYmAm| Ho$ AZwén Z o n«{V_mZm|

H$s Amdí`H$Vm AmcmoMZm H$mo Am n‹S>r Wr& Bg{cE ar{VH$mcrZ AmcmoMZm H$s OJh

{deof H$m © gånÝZ AmcmoMZm H$s Amdí`H$Vm Wr& Bg X¥pîQ> go VËH$mcrZ n{ÌH$mAm|

Zo EH$ ZB© w{_H$m {XImB©& Bg H$mc H$s n{ÌH$mE°§ H${ddMZ gwYm, h[aM§X« _¡½OrZ,

~«mh_U, "qhXr n«Xrn' Am{X _| Hw$N> {Q>ßnUr`m± g_mcmoMZm Ho$ Zm_ go n«H$m{eV hmoVr

ahr& qhXr n«Xrn _| AnojmH¥$V J§ ra AmcmoMZmE°§ n«H$m{eV hmoVr Wr& ñd § ^maV|Xw h[aeM§X«

Zo _wX«mgamjg H$s w{_H$m VWm ZmQ>H$ (1883) Zm_H$ AmcmoMZmË_H$ {Z~§Y {cIH$a

AmcmoMZm H$m n[aM` {X`m& Bg J§«W Ho$ g§X © _| S>m±. JUn{VM§X« JwáOr Zo {cIm

h¡ - ""`h J«§W EH$ AË §V n«m¡‹T> aMZm h¡ {Og_| n«mMrZ ^maVr` ZmQ>èmñÌ Ed§ AmYw{ZH$

nmíMmË` g_rjm gm{hË` H$m g_Ýd` H$aVo hþE VËH$mcrZ qhXr Ho$ ZmQ>H$H$amam| Ho$

{cE gm_mÝ` {Z`_ {ZYm©[aV {H$ o J o h¡&'' Bg H$mo n« moJH$mc ^r H$hm OmVm h¡&

{ÛdoXr wJ _| ~X«rZmamÙ Mm¡Yar "n«o_KZ' Zo {dñVwV AmcmoMZm AnZr n{ÌH$m

"AmZ§X H$mX§{~Zr' go ewéAmV H$s& "g§ mo{JVm ñd §da' (cmcm lr{ZdmgXmg) H$s

AmcmoMZm ^r CÝhm|Zo {cIr& VWm Bgr aMZm H$s AmcmoMZm ~mcH¥$îU ^Å> Zo "qhXr

n«Xrn' _o {cIr& AmcmoMZm H$m nwñVH$ én _| A{dîH$ma _hmdran«gmX {ÛdoXr Ho$ "qhXr

(237)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$m{cXmg H$s AmcmoMZm' go hþAm& gmW hr CÝhmoZo "Z¡fY M[aV MMm© ' Ed§ '{dH«$_m§H$Xod

M[aÌ MMm©' ^r {cIo& Bg g§X © _| AmMm © am_M§X« ewŠbOr H$hVo h¡- ""BZ nwñVH$m|

H$mo EH$ _wh„o _| \¡$cr ~mVm| H$mo Xwgao _wh„o dmcm| H$mo Hw$N> n[a{MV H$amZo Ho$ n« ËZ

Ho$ én _| g_PmZm Mm{hE ñdV§Ì g_mcmoMZm Ho$ én _| Zht&''1 Bg wJ Ho$ Xygao

AmcmoMH$m| _o {_l ~§Yw VWm cmcm ^JdmZXrZ H$m Zm_ _hËdnwU© h¢& gmW hr "gañdVr'

Am¡a "ZmJar n«Mm[aUr n{ÌH$m' Am{X Zo AmcmoMZm Ho$ {dH$mg _| _hËdnwU© `moJXmZ {X`m&

S>m°. í`m_gw§XaXmg, amYmH¥$îUXmg, aËZmH$a, A§{~H$mXËV ì`mg, J§Jmn«gmX A{¾hmoÌr Am{X

Ho$ AmcmoMZmË_H$ {Z~§Y {ZH$co& BVZm hr Zht §Vmo J§Jmn«gmX A{¾hmoÌr H$s "g_mcmoMZm'

Zm_H$ nwñVH$ Bgr H$mc _| {cIr JB©& VWm ~m~w í`m_gw§XaXmg Zo "gm{hË`mcmoMZ'

Zm_H$ J§«W {cIm& Bgr g_` AmMm © am_M§X« ewŠb H$m CX` hþAm& {OZHo$ AmJ_Z

go AmcmoMZm H$s ghr nhMmZ ~Z J`r&

AmMm © am_M§X« ewëH$ Zo "qhXr gm{hË` H$m B{Vhmg' {cIm& VWm "ag {__m§gm,'

"Om`gr J«§Wmdcr', " «_aJrVgma', "Jmoñdm_r VwcgrXmg' Am{X AmcmoMZmE°§ {cIr&

ewŠbOr H$s n§anam H$mo AmJo ~‹T>mZo H$m H$m_ n§. H¥$îUe§H$a ewŠb, {dídZmWn«gmX

{_l, M§X«~cr nmÊSoµ>` Am{X Zo {H$`m& qhXr g_rjH$m| _| ewŠb Or Ho$ ~mX AmMm ©

Z§XXwcmao dmOno r H$m Zm_ _hËdnwU© h¡& CÝhm|Zo qhXr gm{hË` ~rgdt gXr, AmYw{ZH$ gm{hË`,

n«o_M§X«, Oè§H$a n«gmX, Z`m gm{hË` - Z o n«íZ O¡go AmcmoMZm J«§W {cIo& CZHo$ níMmV²

hOmarn«gmX {ÛdoXr, S>m°. ZJoX«, ~m~w Jwcm~am` Am{X H$m A_wë` `moJXmZ ahm h¡&

_mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMZm Ho$ joÌ _| S>m°. am_{dcmg e_m© H$m Zm_ _hËdnwU© h¡&

n«JVr Am¡a na§nam, n«J{Verc gm{hË` H$s g_ñ`mE°§, AmñWm Am¡a gm¢X ©, AmMm ©

_hmdran«gmX {ÛdoXr Am¡a qhXr ZdOmJaU, AmMm © am_M§X« ewŠb Am¡a qhXr AmcmoMZm,

_mŠg©dmX Am¡a n«mMrZ gm{hË` H$m _wë`m§H$Z Am{X CZH$s _hËdnwU© H¥${V`m° h¡& Bg

dJ© _| {edXmZ qgh Mm¡hmZ, n«H$meM§X« Jwám, Zm_da qgh VWm A_¥Vam` Am{X AmVo

h¡& AmcmoMZm Ho$ {dH$mg _| Hw$c{_cmH$a `h H$hm OmEJm {H$ dV©_mZ g_` _| qhXr

(238)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


AmcmoMZm H$m {dñV¥V \$cH$ Mc ahm h¡ Omo AmO Ho$ gm{hË` na g_rjm H$aHo$ nmR>H$m|

VH$ ~am~a nhþ±M ahm h¡&

qhXr AmcmoMZm … Zm_da qgh

qhXr AmcmoMZm _| ~hþ_w{I n«{V^m Ho$ Y{Z S>m°. Zm_da qgh JhZ Ed§ n¡Zr

X¥pîQ> Ho$ gmW AdV[aV hþE h¡& qhXr AmcmoMZm Ho$ d¡Mm[aH$ n[an«ú` _| JOmZZ _mYd

_wpŠV~moY Am¡a Ako Ho$ Acmdm Zm_da qgh H$m Zm_ C„oIZr` h¡& Zm_da qgh

Or Zo Xoer VWm {dXoer AmcmoMH$mo, g_rjmH¥${V`m|, {dMmam|, _mÝ`VmAm| go qhXr OJV

_| n[aM` H$am`m h¡& Bg _m_co _| do AmMm © am_M§X« ewŠbOr Ho$ CËVam{YH$mar h¡&

AmYw{ZH$ qhXr AmcmoMH$m| _| Zm_da qgh H$m ñWmZ {deof h¢, {H$ do ""g_mOdmXr

OrdZ X¥pîQ> Am¡a Z`r H${dVm H$s ^md w{_ Ho$ g_doV ~moY H$mo coH$a AmcmoMZm

_| n«d¥ËV hþE&''2 Zm_da qgh ~hþ mfr, ~hþn{R>V Ed§ ~hþlwV hmoZo Ho$ H$maU hr CZH$s

AmcmoMZm nÕ[V Am¡a CZH$s AmcmoMZmË_H$ aMZmE°§ "~H$c_ IwX', "N>m`mdmX" "H${dVm

Ho$ Z o n«{V_mZ', "H$hmZr …$ ZB© H$hmZr', "Xygar naånam H$s ImoO', "dmX {ddmX

g§dmX', "B{Vhmg Am¡a AmcmoMZm', "AmYw{ZH$ gm{hË` H$s n«d¥pËV`m± ' Am{X n«_wI h¡&

Zm_da qgh H$s H$mì` g_rjm H$s nhcr _hËdnwU© AmcmoMZmË_H$ nwñVH$

"N>m`mdmX' (1954) gm_Zo Am`r& `h dh g_` Wm O~ N>m`mdmX H«$_e… g_W©Z

Am¡a {damoY Ho$ Xmo Xm¡am| go JwOa MwH$m Wm& AÝ` AmcmoMH$m| go `h AmcmoMZm Bg

~mV _| {^ÝZ h¡ {H$ Ohm± Am¡amo Zo N>m`mdmX H$s Eo{Vhm{gH$ gm_m{OH$ n¥îR> y{_ H$mo

ñnîQ> {H$`m dhm± Zm_da qgh Zo N>m`mdmXr H${dVm Ho$ N>m`m {MÌm| _| {Z{hV gm_m{OH$

gË` H$m CX²KmQ>Z {H$`m& `h {ZíM` hr _mŠg©dmXr AmcmoMZm H$m A{YH$ n[aîH¥$V

én Wm& Bg nwñVH$ H$s EH$ ~hþV ~‹S>r {deofVm BgH$s e¡cr H$s gO©ZmË_H$Vm Am¡a

VmOJr h¡ Omo AÜ`m`mo| Ho$ erf©H$m| go hr ñnîQ> hmo OmVr h¡&3

"H${dVm Ho$ Z o n«{V_mZ' Zm_da qgh H$s Xygar H$mì` g_rjm (1968) _|

n«H$m{eV hþB©& `h nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo I§ÊS>mo _| {d^m{OV h¡& n«W_ IÊS> _| naånam go

(239)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


n«{VpîR>V n«{V_mZm| H$s n«mg§{JH$Vm na AË §V Üd§gmË_H$ e¡cr _| {dMma {H$`m J`m

h¡& Am¡a Xygao IÊS> _| Z`r H${dVm Ho$ g§X © _| H$mì` _yë`m| H$m n«íZ CR>m`m J`m

h¡& nwñVH$ H$m `hr A§e A{YH$ {dYo mË_H$ Am¡a _hËdnwU© h¡&4

H$mì` g_rjm Ho$ gmW-gmW JÚ H$s AmcmoMZmË_H$ J§«W ^r n«_wI h¡& CZHo$

JÚ _o§ Amo JR>Z d H$gmdQ> h¡, CgHo$ n«{ejU H$m lo CÝhm|Zo IwX AnZo Xmo {dÛmZ

{ejH$m|-_mH©$ÊSo>` qgh Am¡a AmMm © Ho$ed n«gmX {_l H$mo {X`m& gmW hr, hOmar

n«gmX {ÛdoXr Ho$ JÚ H$mo "qhXr JÚ H$s Xygar na§nam' Ho$ én _| A{^{hV H$aVo

hþE Zm_da Or Zo {cIm h¡& ~hþV ~mX _| O~ _¢ Xygar na§nam H$s ImoO nwñVH$

{cIZo Ho$ {cE H$c_ CR>m`r Vmo cJm {H$ H$c_ O¡go AnZo Amn hr n§{S>V Or

H$s am¡ _| Mc n‹S>r h¡& ~mocMmc Ho$ {dÝ`mg _| N>moQo> gac ghO dmŠ`m| dmcm JÚ&

"H${dVm Ho$ Z o n«{V_mZ' _| Omo JÚ h¡, dh AmMm © ewŠb Am¡a AmMm © Ho$edn«gmX

{_l Ho$ g§ñH$mam| dmcm JÚ h¡&''5 AV… Zm_da Or Zo H$mì` g_rjm Am¡a JÚ g_rjm

H$mo ^r CVZm hr _hËd {X`m h¡&

Zm_da qgh Zo AmcmoMZm H$s Hw$N> dfm} ~mX Xmo nwñVHo$ n«H$m{eV H$s h¡& "Xygar

naånam H$s ImoO' Am¡a "dmX {ddmX g§dmX&' Xygar naånam H$s ImoO H$s JUZm {nN>co

XeH$ H$s _hËdnwU© aMZmAm| _| H$s Om oJr& "{Zamcm H$s gm{hË` gmYZm' _| am_{dcmg

e_m© Zo {Zamcm Ho$ OrdZ g§Kf© Ho$ hdmco go N>m`mdmXr H$mì`ÝXmocZ Ho$ B{Vhmg H$s

nwZa©MZm H$s Wr& Cg H¥${V H$m {deof _hËd OrdZr Ho$ naånam ~ÜX én H$m A{VH«$_U

H$aZo H$s X¥pîQ> go h¡&6 "Xygar nanam H$s ImoO _| Zm_da qgh Zo n. hOmarn«gmX

{ÛdoXr H$s "Xygar naånam H$s N>mZ~rZ' H$s h¡& `h Xygar naånam Š`m h¡? Zm_da

Or H$s X¥pîQ> _| `h {hÝXr gm{hË` H$s cmoH$moÝ_wIr n«J{Verc naånam h¡ {OgH$m {dH$mg

{ÛdoXr Or Zo {H$`m h¡&'7

Cn w©ŠV Xmo nwñVH$m| _| go Xygar Zm_da qgh H$s nwñVH$ "dmX {ddmX g§dmX'

(1989) _| n«H$m{eV hþB©& Bg_| CZHo$ 1964 go 1988 Ho$ ~rM {cIo JE {Z~§Y

(240)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Am¡a Hw$N> _hËdnwU© ^mfU h¡& `h nwñVH$ CZH$s M{M©©V n«e§{gV nwñVH$ B{Vhmg Am¡a

AmcmoMZm H$s H$‹S>r h¡& Bg_| AmE hþE {Z~§Y O~ nhcr ~ma n«H$me _| AmE Wo, V~

CZ na n`m©á MMm© hmo MwH$s Wr& Bg H$maU O~ EH$ gmW nwñVH$ én _| o {Z~§Y

Xw~mam gm_Zo AmE Vmo `h {Z~§Y-nwñVH$ {hÝXr coIH$m| Am¡a nmR>H$m| _| dh CËVoOZm

OmJ¥V Zht H$a nm`r, O¡gr Zm_da qgh Ho$ coIZ go Cå_rX H$s OmVr h¡& `h nwñVH$

CZHo$ {MÝVZ H$m g_mhma h¡&8

{ZîH$f©V… qhXr AmcmoMZm Ho$ {dH$mg H$s Am¡a X¥pîQ> S>mcZo go h_| `h kmV

hmoVm h¡& {H$ gm{hË` H$s {dYmAm| H$m {Og n«H$ma {dH$mg {XImB© XoVm h¡, Cgr n«H$ma

gm{hË` H$s n«_wI JÚ {dYmAm| _| AmcmoMZm {dYm H$m {dH$mg ^r _hËdnwU© {XIm`r

XoVm h¡& gm{hË` H$s AÝ` {dYmAm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZo _| aMZmH$mam| H$m H$m ©, Omo

H$m ©, ñWmZ h¡ dhr AmcmoMZm H$m {dH$mg H$aZo _| AmcmoMH$m| H$m H$m ©, ñWmZ n«_wI

h¡& S>m°. Zm_daqgh Zo "AmcmoMZm' H$m H$moB© Z`m {gÜXm§V `m emñÌ {Z{_©V H$aZo H$m

n« ËZ Zht {H$`m h¡& gm{hË` Am¡a CgH$s AmcmoMZm go g§~§{YV {d{^ÝZ g_ñ`mAm|

Ho$ ~mao _o§ CÝhmoZo n«g§Jde Omo Hw$N> gmoMm {dMmam h¡ Cgr _| CZH$m g¡ÜXm{VH$ qMVZ

n«{V\${cV hþAm h¡&9 AV… AmcmoMZm Ho$ {dH$mg _| Am¡a AmcmoMH$m| _| Zm_da qgh

H$s AmcmoMZm, g_rjmË_H$ J«§W n«_wI h¢&g§X^© J«§W gwMr1. gm{hpË`H$ {Z~§Y - amOZmW e_m©, n¥îR> H«$. 5592. qhXr AmcmoMZm H$s ~rgdt gXr, {Z_©cm O¡Z n¥îR> H«$. 793. dhr n¥îR> H«$. 794. dhr n¥îR> H«$. 795. CÜX¥V, {cIVm hþAm ~mocVm - gm JÚ, a{d a§OZ6. qhXr AmcmoMZm H$s ~rgdt gXr - {Z_©cm O¡Z - n¥îR> H«$. 827. Zm_da Ho$ {d_e©, - gwYre nMm¡ar, - n¥îR> H«$. 2718. dhr n¥îR> H«$. 2429. n¥îR> H«$. 257

(241)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Cn ©wº$ {H$gr EH$ nÕ[V Ho$ AmYma na{H$gr ^r EH$ H¥$[V H$s g_rjm

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VIII (I - III)

(242)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Am{W©H$ {dnÝZVm go QyQ>Vo hþE [aíVo… g_wX« _| Imo m hþAm AmX_r

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VIII-I

n«m. S>m°. _m. Zm. Jm`H$dmS>H¡$. ì`§H$Q>amd Xoe_wI _hm{dÚmc`,

~mîJmd Vm. {O. cmVya

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MoVZm& gmR>moËVar CnÝ`mgm| _| A{YH$Va _Ü`_dJu` n[admam| H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V H$m

dU©Z {_cVm h¡& Bg X¥pîQ> go H$_coída H$m CnÝ`mg "g_wX« _| Imo m hþAm AmX_r'

H$s AmcmoMZm H$aZm AË §V Oéar h¡&

"g_wX« _| Imo m hþAm AmX_r' `h H$_coída H$m CnÝ`mg 1978 _| n«H$m{eV

hþAm Wm& H$_coída Zo Bg CnÝ`mg _| ~XcVr hþB© Am{W©H$ pñW{V`m| H$m Omo {MÌU

{H$`m h¡, Cgr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go dV©_mZ AW©V§Ì, MwZmd Am¡a cmoH$V§Ì, amOZr{VH$, ñdmW©

H$m V§Ì ~S>r _m{_©H$Vm go ì`ŠV hþAm h¡& "g_wX« _| Imo m hþAm AmX_r' CnÝ`mg

`WmW©dmXr e¡cr _| hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Am{W©H$ {dnÝZVm H$m n«VrH$mË_H$ én hr ~Zm hþAm

h¡& n«ñVwV CnÝ`mg _| g_wX« AWm©V g_mO h¡& CnÝ`mgH$ma Zo Ka H$mo Ohm H$s

g§km Xr h¡, CnÝ`mg _| _hmZJa Ho$ {ZåZ _Ü`_dJu` n[adma Ho$ Qy>Q>Vo OmZo H$s

n«{H«$`m H$s A{^ì`pŠV h¡&

qgYr Q´>mÝgnmoQ©> _| Zm¡H$ar H$aZodmco í`m_cmc ~m~y Ho$ Ka _| AÝ` VrZ gXñ`

h¢& Xmo ~o{Q>`m± Am¡a EH$ ~oQ>m h¡ Omo {nVm Ho$ Am` na hr AnZm OrdZ {~VmVo h¢&

Zm¡H$ar Mco OmZo Ho$ ~mX Ama§ hmoVr h¡ Am{W©H$ X`Zr` AdñWm& g_wX«énr g_mO

_| go _N>cr énr í`m_cmc ~m~y H$s nmZrénr AW© Ho$ A^md _| N>Q>nQ>mhQ> ewé hmoVr

h¡& ha~§g Ho$ gmW í`m_cmc H$mo Ka Ka OmH$a Am°S©>a coZo H$m H$m_ {_cVm h¡&

co{H$Z Cgr g_` Ka _| EH$ g_ñ`m AnZm ~rO ~moZo H$m H$m_ H$aVr h¡& Omo g_ñ`m

í`m_cmc ~m~y H$mo ApñVËdhrZ H$am XoVr h¡& ha~§g H$m í`m_cmc Ho$ Ka AmZm AWm©V²

(243)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Vmam Ho$ gmW AZ¡{VH$ g§~§Y ñWm{nV H$aZm h¡& g_` Ho$ gmW Z¡{VH$ _mÝ`VmAm|

H$m ^r {MÌU ~‹S>o> hr _m{_©H$Vm Ho$ gmW CnÝ`mgH$ma Zo {H$`m h¡& í`m_cmc H$s

~‹S>>r ~oQ>r Vmam ha~§g Ho$ n°Q>Z© hmCg _| Mmcrg én o _hmdma na Zm¡H$ar H$aZo cJVr

h¡& Vmam H$s Zm¡H$ar H$aZm ha~§g Ho$ {cE EH$ ~hmZm h¡, Vmo í`m_cmc Ho$ {cE Am{W©H$

AmYma h¡& í`m_cmc H$mo Vmam H$m Zm¡H$ar H$aZm ng§X Zht h¡, co{H$Z BÝH$ma ^r

Zht H$a gH$Vm& Š`m|{H$ Am{W©H$ {dnÝZVm H$m n«íZ {Z_m©U hmoVm h¡& í`m_cmc H$m

~oQ>m dra|X«, ~oQ>r g_ram nT>Zm MmhVo h¢ Am¡a nT>Vo ^r h¢& Ka _| H$_mZodmcr Ho$dc

Vmam hr h¡& Zm¡H$ar Am¡a n¡gm| Ho$ H$maU Vmam ñdÀN§>X hmo OmVr h¡& dh ha~§g Ho$

gmW IwcoAm_ Iw„_Iw„m Kw_Zo cJVr h¡& n[aUm_ñdén `h hmoVm h¡ {H$, dh J ©dVr

hmoH$a ha~§g Ho$ gmW emXr H$aVr h¡& í`m_cmc Ho$ Ka _| AmZodmcm n¡gm ~§X hmo

OmVm h¡ Am¡a dhr Am{W©H$ XwX©em ewé hmo OmVr h¡& _Ü`dJu` g§ñH$mam| go nr{‹S>>V

~mn AnZr ~oQ>r g_ram H$mo ^r H$m_ na Zht oO gH$Vm& O~ Mmcrg én o n«{V_mh

AmVo Wo, Vmo í`m_cmc H$mo cJVm Wm {H$, ""O¡go Ka H$mo {g\©$ Mmcrg én o _hmdma

H$s OéaV Wr............. BVZo go én`m| H$s H$_r Ho$ H$maU nyam Ka éH$m-éH$m gm

cJVm Wm&''1 í`m_cmc Ho$ ^{dî` H$s gmar {ZJmh| dra|X« na {Q>H$s hþB© ahVr h¢&

dhr í`m_cmc H$m ^{dî` h¡& dra|X« Zoìhr _| Zm¡H$ar H$aVm h¡& nhco nhco n«{V_mh

_{ZAm°S©>a H$aVm h¡& co{H$Z ~mX _| _{ZAm°S©>a ^r ~§X hmoVr h¡& Am{W©H$ {dd§MZm Ho$

H$maU í`m_cmc Ho$ n[adma H$m {XZ-~-{XZ dŠV H$mQ>Zm Xy a hmo OmVm h¡& KaIMm©

McmZm ^r H${R>Z hmoVm h¡& Kadmcm| H$s g~H$s BÀN>m Ho$ AZwgma hr g_ram H$s n‹T>mB©

ewé H$s JB© Wr& co{H$Z n[apñW{V Ho$ H$maU _m± aånr H$hVr h¡, ""g_ram H$mo n‹T>mZo

H$m VwH$ _oao g_P _| Zht AmVm.......... Ka Ho$ H$m_ H$s ^r Zht ah JB© ..........

H$m¡Z Cgo H$coŠQ>ar H$aZr h¡&''2 _m± H$m `h H$hZm n[apñW{Vde h¡&

_Ü`dJu` n[adma _| OdmZ c‹S>H$s H$mo ~hþV {XZm| VH$ {ddmh Ho$ ~J¡a Zht

aIm OmVm gH$Vm h¡& g_ram H$m H$m°coO Ny>Q> OmVm h¡ Am¡a XhoO Ho$ H$maU c§JSo>

(244)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


c‹S>Ho$ Ho$ gmW g_ram Ho$ {ddmh Ho$ n«{V gmoMm OmVm h¡& dra|X« g_wX« _| cmnVm hmoVm

h¡ Vmo í`m_cmc Ho$ Cna Am¡a ^r XwI H$m nhm‹S>> Qy>Q> OmVm h¡& dh n[apñW{V H$m

_mam hþAm Yrao-Yrao {eH$ma ~ZVm h¡& Zm¡~V `hm± VH$ AmVr h¡ {H$, Ka H$s EH$

EH$ MrO| CR> OmVr h¡, {Ogo g_ram amoO {Jadr aIH$a AmVr h¡& ha~§g n¡gm| H$m

B§VOm_ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a g_ram H$mo Z{gªJ H$mog© _| âVr H$amH$a hmoñQ>c _| oO {X`m

OmVm h¡& AÀN>m-Imgm ha~§g hmoH$a ^r í`m_cmc H$s _XV Zht H$a gH$Vm& Xw{Z`m,

ì`mdhm[aH$Vm CgHo$ gm_Zo AmVr h¡& én`m| Ho$ gm_Zo [aíVoXmar ^r eyÝ` _hËd aIVr

h¡& `hr ~mV ha~§g Am¡a í`m_cmc Ho$ [aíVoXmar go ñnîQ> hmo OmVr h¡& A~ Ka _|

Xmo hr n«mUr ~MVo h¢, í`m_cmc Am¡a nËZr aånr&

dra|X« H$s _m¡V H$m gaH$ma go _wAmdOm nmZo Ho$ {cE Am{Ia aånr ^r AnZo

n{V í`m_cmc H$mo N>mo‹S> XoVr h¡& dh gaH$ma go JwOm[ae H$aVr h¡ {H$, ~oQo> H$m _wAmdOm

Cgo {_co& AHo$cm í`m_cmc ~w‹T>mno _| EH$ \¡$ŠQ>ar _| Xa~mZ H$s Zm¡H$ar H$aVm h¡&

AnZr g^r MrO| \¡$ŠQ>ar Ho$ H$moR>r _| co OmVm h¡& BYa aånr AHo$co hr Ka _|

OrdZ ì`{VV H$aVr h¡& Hw$N> {XZ ~mX aånr ^r AnZr ~oQ>r Ho$ Ka _| Am`m H$m

H$m_ H$aZo Ho$ {cE ~Mm hþAm gm_mZ coH$a Mcr OmVr h¡&

Bg n«H$ma í`m_cmc H$m n[adma Am{W©H$ {dnÝZVm Ho$ H$maU Qy>Q>Vm h¡ Am¡a

{~Ia OmVm h¡& AmO Ho$ {df_ VWm g§Kf©nyU© OrdZ _| OrZo H$m g§Kf© {XZ-~-

{XZ H${R>Z hmoVm Om ahm h¡& CnÝ`mg _| H$_coída Zo Bg Vah H$s n[apñW{V`m|

Ho$ \$cñdén g§~§Ym| _| AmZodmcm n[adV©Z {MÌ n«ñVwV {H$`m h¡& Vmam AnZr _m± H$mo

Am`m ~ZmZo _| g§H$moM Zht H$aVr& Bgr H$m VmËn © `h h¡ {H$, g§Kf©_` OrdZ _|

[aíVm| Ho$ AW© ~Xc aho h¢ Omo _mZdr`Vm Ho$ {cE IVaZmH$ gm{~V hmo gH$Vo h¢&

Am{W©H$ H|$X« _hmZ epŠV h¡ Omo h_mao OrdZMH«$ H$mo n« m{dV, g§Mm{cV Am¡a {Z`{_V

H$aVr h¡& Vmam í`m_cmc H$s ~‹S>r ~oQ>r h¡, {Ogoo ~oQo> Ho$ OJh í`m_cmc _mZVo h¢&

dh ^r AnZo {nVm Ho$ {dnÝZVm na nerOr Zht& ~oQ>r go Anojm Zht H$aZr Mm{hE

(245)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


`h h_mar ^co hr g§ñH¥${V hmo, co{H$Z ~oQ>r H$m ^r ~mn Ho$ n«{V Hw$N> H$V©ì` hmoVm

h¡& `h Vmam H$~H$s yc JB©& _mZmo CgZo AnZo _mB©Ho$ go [aíVm hr Vmo‹S> {X`m& én o

Am¡a AnZo ñdmW© Ho$ gm_Zo _mVm-{nVm H$m [aíVm ^r Cgo eyÝ` ZOa Am`m& Cgr

n«H$ma go g_ram ^r n[adma Ho$ ZmOyH$ _mo‹S> na, n[adma H$mo N>moS>H$a AnZo ñdmW©

Ho$ nrNo> ^mJ OmVr h¡& AV… n[adma Am¡a ^r A{YH$ Qy>Q> OmVm h¡& g~go _hËdnyU©

Am¡a H$mo_c [aíVm n{V-nËZr H$m hmoVm h¡& {Ogo gmV OÝ_m| H$m ~§YZ _mZm OmVm

h¡& aånr AnZo ~oQo> H$s _m¡V H$m _wAmdOm nmZo Ho$ {cE EH$ PQ>Ho$ _| gmV OÝ_m|

H$m ~§YZ Vmo‹S>H$a AHo$cr hmo OmVr h¡& gwI-XwI _| gmW XoZo Ho$ H$ñ_|-dmXo g^r

AW©hrZ hmo OmVo h¢& Bg AmYw{ZH$ e¡cr _| H$moB© {H$gr H$m Zht hmoVm Ho$dc YZ

Ho$ {cE g^r BH$R²>R>m hmo OmVo h¢& `hr gånyU© OrdZ _| ì`pŠV H$mo ngrZm ~hmZm

h¡, dh AnZo ~w‹T>mno Ho$ {cE VWm AnZo n[adma Ho$ {cE& OrdZ Ho$ A§{V_ {XZm| H$m

gwI hr AmX_r H$m cú` hmoVm h¡& VWm A§{V_ {XZ hr gånyU© OrdZ H$m ZVrOm

hmoVm h¡& ~w‹T>mno _| {H$gr \¡$ŠQ>ar _| Xa~mZ H$s Zm¡H$ar H$aZm Š`m `hr í`m_cmc

Ho$ OrdZ H$m ZVrOm h¡? `hr n«íZ eof ah OmVm h¡&

gÝX^©…1. g_wX« _| Imo`m hþAm AmX_r- H$_coída, amOnmc EÝS> gÝg n«H$meZ, ZB© {X„r,

g§. 1978, n¥. 52.2. g_wX« _| Imo`m hþAm AmX_r- H$_coída, amOnmc EÝS> gÝg n«H$meZ, ZB© {X„r,

g§. 1978, n¥. 52.

(246)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


g{_jm H$s Vh _| - amJXa~mar

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VIII-II

S>m°.{H$aU~mcm OmOy

èd§V _hm{dÚmc`, Zm§XoS>.

g_mcmoMZm `m AmcmoMZm H$s _ycYmVw _| "cwM' eãX h¡ {OgH$m AW© hmoVm

h¡- "XoIZm'& AmcmoMZm Am¡a g_rjm XmoZm| H$m AW© h¡- "gdmªJrU ê$n go XoIZm Am¡a

naIZm& JwU Am¡a Xmofm| go wŠV {H$gr H$m ^r {ddoMZ H$aZm `m _yë`m§H$Z H$aZm&

BgH$m A§J«oOr eãX ^r _yc J«rH$ eãX Krites go ~Zm h¡, {OgH$m AW© h¡ - "_yë`m§H$Z

H$aZm'& `mZr {H$ {H$gr ^r gm{hË`H$ma H$s aMZm O~ {deofVm Am¡a Xmofm| H$mo ~VmH$a

naIr OmVr h¡, V~ g_mcmoMZm `m g_rjm H$s {d{Y ~ZVr h¡& S>m°.ZJoÝX« Ho$ AZwgma

- ""AmcmoMZm H$cm H$m {dkmZ h¡&'' h_ AmcmoMZm H$mo gm{hË` H$s naI H$m H$cm

emñÌ ^r H$h gH$Vo h¢&

d¡go Vmo emoY Am¡a AmcmoMZm _| ~hþV A§Va hmoVm h¡& qH$Vw Hw$N> ~mVm| _| BZ_| g_mZVm

^r hmoVr h¡, Omo h_| OmZZm Amdí`H$ h¡& XmoZm| gm{hË`{dYm Ho$ Xmo Cn oX h¢& XmoZm|

H$s AÜ``Z nX²Y{V ^r cJ^J EH$ O¡gr hmoVr h¡& XmoZm| _| {ddoMZm, H$m ©-H$maU

gyÌ H$m AÝdofU, nañna g§~§Y VWm AW© ì §OZm Am{X H$m CX²KmQ>Z g_mZ ê$n

go hmoVm h¡& AmcmoMZm _| ì`m»`m {dícofU hmoVm h¡& {dMoñQ>a Ho$ eãXm| _|- AmcmoMZm

Intelligent apperciation of art h¡& O~{H$ ~oñQ>a H$moe _| Bgo ScientificInvestigation of literature H$hm J`m h¡& {\$a ^r h_ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ CËV_

AmcmoMZm AZwg§YmZ H$s n[a{Y H$mo Ny> coVr h¡ Am¡a loîR> emoY `m AZwg§YmZ AnZr

Ma_ n[aU{V _| ^r AmcmoMZm wŠV hmoVm h¡& {\$a ^r AZwg§YmZ Am¡a AmcmoMZm _|

En«moM, n« moOZ Am¡a n«{d{Y H$m A§Va ahVm h¡& Š`m|{H$ AmcmoMH$ h_oem nmR>H$ Am¡a

coIH$ Ho$ ~rM goVw ~§Y H$s y{_H$m {Z^mVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m Ü`mZ h_oem {ZarjU-

(247)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


narjU Am¡a _yë`m§H$Z na hr H|${X«V ahVm h¡& nmR>H$ h_oem nhco AmcmoMZm n‹T>Vo

h¢, {\$a _ycH¥${V&

gm¢X ©~moY Am¡a amoMH$Vm Ho$ VËd ^r AmcmoMZm _| gd©Ì XoIo Om gH$Vo h¢&

gmW hr Bg_| H$cmVËd ^r {dnwcVm go {dÚ_mZ ahVo h¡§& Bg_| AmË_{^ì`pŠV ^r

{H$gr Z {H$gr én _| ahVr h¡& AmË_{ZîR> AmcmoMZm h_oem dJ©J«mhH$ `m Subjective hmoVr h¡& AmcmoMZm H$m _w»` CÔoí` n«m`… kmZ H$s AdJ{V hr h¢& AmcmoMZm H$s

e¡cr H$cmË_H$ hmoVr h¡& EH$ gƒm AmcmoMH$ kmZ epŠV Ho$ {~Iao {dÚwV H$Um| H$m

{ZarjU-narjU H$aVm h¡ {\$a _yë`m§H$Z H$aVm h¡& AmcmoMH$ H$m `h H$m © n«Ë oH$

gm{hË` H$s n«Ë oH$ {dYm Ho$ {cE _hËdnyU© hmoVm h¡& Bgr{cE H$m_m`Zr _| H$hm J`m

h¡ -

""epŠV Ho$ {dÚwVH$U Omo ì`ñV {dH$c,

{~Iao hmo {Zê$nm`&&

g_Ýd` BgH$m H$ao g_ñV....,

{dO{`Zr _mZdVm hmo Om`&''

lrcmc ewŠb H¥$V "amJXa~mar' CnÝ`mg Omo gmR>moËVar ì §½` CnÝ`mgm| H$s

na§nam _| "_rc H$m nËWa' h¡& Bgo h_ {hÝXr CnÝ`mgm| H$s Eo{Vhm{gH$ CncpãY ^r

H$h gH$Vo h¢& d¡go Vmo ì §½` CnÝ`mgm| H$s na§nam H$m H$s{V© ñV§ ewŠbOr X²dmam

{da{MV "AkmVdmg' h¡ {\$a ^r amJXa~mar _| EH$ AZmoIr MoVZm Ho$ gå`H$ Xe©Z

hmoVo h¢& Bgo h_ ewŠbOr H$s A{V Cƒ H$mo{Q> H$s aMZm H$h gH$Vo h¢& `h ì §½`

{dYm H$s EH$ CËH¥$îQ> {dYm`H$ H¥${V h¡& {Og_| BÝhm|Zo ì §JoËVa H$s ~mZJr Ho$ gmW

OrdZ Ho$ {d{dY joÌm| H$s Ag§J{V`m| H$s EH$ {VúU A{^ì`pŠV d {dS§>~ZmAm| H$s

Eogr {dX«ynmË_H$ A{^ì §OZm VWm Xy{fV ì`dñWm Ho$ {dê$X²Y {Vd« AmH«$moe _ycH$ ñda

CHo$am h¡, Omo AÝ`Ì Xwc© h¡& ñdV§ÌVm n«m{á Ho$ ~mX H$s ^maVr` amOZ¡{VH$ ì`dñWmAm|

H$s Eogr VoOm~r n«ñVwVr gd©n«W_ hþB© h¡& {Og_| A{ÔmË` dJ© H$s _Zmod¥pËV Am¡a

(248)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


J«m_rU gä`Vm d g§ñH¥${V Ho$ nma§n[aH$ VZmd Am¡a CZHo$ ImoIco AmXem}, {XImdQ>rnZ

VWm Amamo{nV H¥${Ì_ AmMma-{dMmam| na `h EH$ loîR> ì §½` h¡& BZH$s AÝ` aMZmE°§

Bg Vah go h¢ …- (1) "_oar loîR> aMZmE°§'-1946 (2) A§JX H$m nm±d-1957

(3) "EH${XZ'-1967 (4) `hm± go dhm±-1969 BZ Mma g§H$cZm| _| BZHo$ YmaXma

n¡Zo ì §½` H$s g§nXm g§H${cV h¡&

Bg CnÝ`mg _| gm_m{OH$ OrdZ H$s Qy>Q>Vr hþB© _yë`ŠVm H$s AZw dOÝ`

JmWm AË §V n« mdemcr T§>J go ì §{OV hþB© h¡& Bg_| gm_m{OH$ MoVZm Ho$ AV§J©V

_mZdVm Am¡a B§gm{Z`V Ho$ AWm©nH$f© Ho$ g§~§Y _| VrIo Am¡a Jhao ì §½` {H$ o JE

h¢& dV©_mZ OrdZ Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr` g_mO H$s Eogr Jhar "EãgS©>' AZw y{V Ho$

q~~ CnÝ`mg Ho$ {MÌ\$cH$ na Hw$ËgmAm| H$s {ZH¥$îQ>VmAm| Ho$ ~X§aJm| go âo n‹So>

h¢& Bgr{cE "amJXa~mar' H$mo AmO H$s q‹OXJr H$m XñVmdoO H$hVo h¢&

CnÝ`mg H$m narjU na§namJV n«{d{Y Am¡a JVmZwJ{VH$ AmcmoMZm {d{Y go g§ d

Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ Bg_| CnÝ`mg H$s nyar H$gmdQ> Zht h¡& ~pëH$ `h H¥${V H$^r-

H$^r Vmo ì §½`coIm| H$m g§H$cZ gr cJVr h¡& `h H¥${V EH$ H«$_~X²Y H$Wm Ho$ ñWmZ

na AZoH$ N>moQ>r-~‹S>r H$WmAm| H$mo EH$ gmW Omo‹S> Xr JB© gr cJVr h¡& H$WmAm| H$mo

EH$gyÌ _| Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {cE H$WmZm`H$ "a§JZmW' go H$m_ {c`m J`m h¡& H$WmdñVw Ho$

{~Iamd Am¡a BgH$s H$gmdQ>hrZVm Ho$ H$maU EH$ loîR> gm{hpË`H$ H$cmH¥${V g\$c

cmoH${n« XyaXe©Z Ymamdm{hH$ Zht ~Z gH$s& Bg CnÝ`mg H$s H$moB© ~§Yr hþB© H$Wm

Zht h¡, `h Vmo _hm^maV H$s Vah h¡ Omo H$ht Zht h¡, dh `hm± h¡& Am¡a Omo `hm±

h¡, dh H$hr Zht&

h[ae§H$a nagmB© Ho$ eãXm| _o| - ""Omo OrdZ go VQ>ñW Zht dh ì`pŠV ì §½`H$ma

Zht, OmoH$a h¡&'' ì §½` Vmo {dg§J{V`m| Am¡a {dX«wnVmAm| H$mo XoIZodmcm gyú_Xeu §Ì

hmoVm h¡& "amJXa~mar' H$mo h_ "H$mcO`r' aMZm H$h gH$Vo h¢ Š`m|{H$ Bg_| g§nyU©

Xoe H$s g_ñ`mAm| H$m BVZr `WmW©dmXr e¡cr _| BVZm n« mdemcr {MÌU hþAm h¡,

(249)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Omo Bggo nyd© {H$gr Zo Zht {H$`m& d¡go Vmo Bg_| Ym{_©H$, gm_m{OH$ Am¡a H$cmgm{hË`

g§~§Yr g^r n«hma {H$ o h¢ {\$a ^r amOZ¡{VH$ ì`dñWm na Hw$N> {deof n«hmam| H$mo

A{^ì`pŠV Xr h¡&

BgH$m n«ñVwVrH$aU na§namJV CnÝ`mgm| H$s A{^ì §OZm e¡cr go gd©Wm {^ÝZ h¡& H$Wm

_| CVma-M‹S>md `m _Zmod¡km{ZH$ JwpËW`m| H$s CcPZ Zht h¡& ~pëH$ gnmQ>~`mZr H$m

M_ËH$ma h¡& _m_ycr gr cJZodmcr ~mV ^r CR>mZo Ho$ ñWmZ na a_mZo cJVr h¡& Bg

Vah go CnÝ`mg H$s gnmQ>~`mZr _| ì §½` Am¡a ì §½` _| gnmQ>~`mZr H$m M_ËH$ma

XoIm J`m h¡&

CnÝ`mg _| EH$_mÌ ñÌrnmÌ "~ocm' h¡& {OgHo$ _mÜ`_ go g_mO _| ì`má

OmVr`Vm, {ddmh, n«o_ d XhoO BZ g_mñ`mAm| H$mo CR>m`m J`m h¡& Zmar nmÌm| H$s

Aëng§»`m Am¡a dJ© MoVZm H$m A^md o XmoZm| ~mV| Zmar H$mo Cno{jV gr H$aVr hþB©

n«VrV hmoVr h¡& CnÝ`mg _| H$WmË_H$ AmdoJ H$s H$_r Vmo h¡ qH$Vw ì §½` H$aZo Ho$

Eogo H$B© CZyRo> VarHo$ h¢, Omo nmR>H$m| H$mo ~m§Y| aIVm h¡& ewŠbOr H$m coIZ ~w{X²YOr{d`m|

H$m H$mënZrH$ {dcmg Zht h¡ Am¡a Z hr ì`dñWm Ho$ n«{V H$moam AmH«$moe h¡ ~pëH$

Eogm ì §½` h¡ Omo hmñ` Ho$ ñWmZ na g§OrXJr, jmo Am¡a {Zamem H$mo Üd{ZV H$aVm

h¡&

d¡go Vmo Bg ~mV go h_ g^r AdJV h¡ {H$ {hÝXr gm{hË` Zo eVm{YH$ dg§V

XoIo h¢& Am¡a BVZr hr ~ma, ~ma-~ma `m H$B© ~ma Bg_| Jm§dm| H$m _Zmohar {MÌU

^r hþAm h¢& _Ja Jm±d H$m BVZm gM h_mao H$Wm coIZ H$s n[a{Y _| aoUw Am¡a ZmJmOw©Z

Ho$ ~mX ewŠbOr Zo hr BVZr VëIr Am¡a B_mZXmar go {H$`m h¡&

"amJXa~mar' _| ì §½` AnZo Am`m_m| H$mo ImocH$a h_mao g_j AmVm h¡& coIH$

Zo n«mMrZ g‹S>r-Jcr na§namAm| na VWm A§Y{dídmgm| na ì §½` {H$`m h¡& BÝh| amOZr{V

na ì §½` H$aVo g_` EH$ ZB© ñ\y${V© AmVr h¡& coIH$ {dde h¡-n«Ë oH$ N>moQ>r {dg§J{V

na ì §½` H$aZo Ho$ {cE& Bgr{cE Vmo do yXmZ H$mo ^r AnZo ì §½` ~mU go oX XoVo

(250)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h¢&

ì §½` coIZ _| ewŠbOr H$m nyam-nyam gmW XoVr h¡ CZH$s AnZr "^mfm'& BÝhm|Zo Jm§d

Ho$ eãX ^r {cE VWm Xygar ^mfmAm| Ho$ ^r& Bggo ^mfm H$m Omo gpå_lU V¡ ma

hþAm h¡ Cg_| n«ofUr`Vm Vmo h¡ hr gmW hr _Z Ho$ {H$gr H$moZo Ny>H$a {Vd«Vm go AmKmV

H$aZo H$s j_Vm ^r h¡& eãX {dYmZ nyar Vah go "So>_moH«o${Q>H$' h¡& {Oggo g_H$mcrZ

amOZr{V, g§ñH¥${V Am¡a Y_© Ho$ J«m\$ Vmo CVaVo hr h¡ gmW hr ahZ-ghZ d AÝ`

N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r ~mV| {XImZo H$s AX² yV j_Vm ^r n[ac{jV hmoVr h¡& Bgr{cE h_

{ZpíMVén go lrcmc ewŠbOr H$mo ì §½` H$m dmJre Am¡a "gQ>mà H$m g_«mQ>' H$h

gH$Vo h¢& `h EH$ {d{eîQ> Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ H¥${V Am¡a {Ma§Ordr CncpãY Vmo h¡ hr gmW

hr coIH$ Zo amJXa~mar Ho$ _mÜ`_ go _mZmo amîQ´>r` {dH¥${V`m| H$mo Xem©Zo dmcm d¥hX²H$moe

hr h_mao g_j n«ñVwV H$a {X`m h¡& coIH$ Ho$ eãXm| _| - ""A~ Jm§dm| _| H$c_

Zht Ho$dc H$sM‹S> h¡& gmao _wëH$ _| {ednmcJ§O hr \¡$cm h¡& Bg n«H$ma amJXa~mar

H$m Xa~ma Bg {ednmc J§O _| OwQ>m h¡&''

d¡ÚOr nyar amOZr{VH$ {dS§>~ZmAm| Ho$ Xmofr n«{V{Z{Y h¢& o Jwcm_r Ho$ g_`

A§J«oOm| Ho$ ^ŠV Am¡a AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX Xoer A{YH$m[a`m| Ho$ M_Mo h¢& o AmOmXr

H$s O§J _| g~go nrNo> Am¡a AmO H$s cyQ> _| g~go AmJo h¢& do {ednmc J§O Ho$

EH$N>mÌ «îQ> Am¡a Hw$ËgrV amOZoVm h¡& Bg{cE h_ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ amJXa~mar

H$m ì §½` \$cH$ AË §V {dñV¥V h¡& A§V _| AmMm © hOmar n«gmX X²drdoXrOr X²dmam

Xr JB© ì §½` H$s Bg n[a^mfm go h_ h_mao emoYmcoI H$s g_m{á H$a|Jo - ""H$hZo

dmcm AmoR>mo _| h±g ahm hmo Am¡a gwZZo dmcm {Vc {_cm CRo> `hr ì §½` hmoVm h¡&''

h_ Bg AmcmoMZm Ho$ _hmZ H¥$Ë` H$mo BZ Xmo n§pŠV`m| _| y± Bg Vah go ì`ŠV

H$a|Jo -

""Am§{Y`m| _| {Xdm H$m Xrn OcmZm qOXJr h¡&

nËWam| H$mo Vmo‹S> {ZP©a {ZH$mcZm qOXJr h¡&''

(251)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


"Jm¡am JwZdÝVr'-gy`©~mcm

gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 - VIII-III

S>m°. aËZ_mcm Ywio (dmZIoSo>)lr. `moJmZ§X ñdm_r H$cm _hm{dÚmc`, dg_V.

ñdm_r am_mZ§X VrW© _amR>dmS>m {dÚmnrR>, Zm§XoS>.

n«{V^mdmZ _{hcm H$Wmgm{hË`H$ma gy ©~mcm H$m Zm_ AmYw{ZH$ qhXr gm{hË`

Ho$ B{Vhmg _| EH$ _{hcm ì §½`H$ma Ho$ Zm_ go Jm¡admpÝdV h¡& 'Jm¡am JwZdÝVr' `h

CZH$m 2010 _| n«H$m{eV H$hmZr g§J«h h¡& AmO ^r gy ©~mcm dV©_mZ pñW{V`m| na

_{hcmAm| na amoO_am© H$s Z OmZo {H$VZr AmnYmnr H$s {OµÝXJr`m| Ho$ ~mao _| {cI

ahr h¡& gy ©~mcmOr H$m 'Jm¡am JwZdÝVr' Z`m H$hmZr g§J«h h¡& Bg_| ~mah H$hm{Z`m±

h¡ Om| AcJ AcJ {df`m| H$mo Ny> coVr h¡& CZH$s H$hm{Z`m± nmR>H$m| H$mo {dMma H$aZo

Ho$ {cE {dde H$aVr h¡& co{IH$mZo AnZr AZw y{V`m| H$mo hr gmH$ma ê$n {X`m h¡&

Jm¡am JwZdÝVr H$s H$hm{Z`m| _| g_H$mcrZ `WmW©Vm h¡&

"Jm¡am JwZdÝVr' Bg H$hmZr g§J«h H$s nhcr H$hmZr h¡ "Jm¡am JwZdÝVr", `h

H$hmZr gm_mÝ` ñÌr H$s doXZm H$mo CgH$s A§VarH$ nhMmZ H$mo C^maVr h¡& 'VmB© Ho$

hmWm| _| nhcXma H$m±M H$s a§J{~a§Jr My{‹S>`m| H$s OJh CZHo$ Qy>Q>Zo Ho$ Iam|M âo {ZemZ

Wo, ~XZ na EH$ H$moar, gmXr YmoVr, _mWo na XnXnmVr cmc B§Jwa H$s q~Xr Ho$ {~Zm

CZH$m gyZm Mm¡‹S>m _mWm XoIH$a _Z {gha OmVm Wm&""

'Jm¡am JwZdÝVr' _| ^maVr` {dYdm H$s pñW[V H$m `Wm©W {MÌU {H$`m h¡& VmB© co{IH$m

go H$hVr h¡ ""n‹T> {cIH$a JwZdÝVr ~ZVo h¡ g_PrZ Jm¡am {~{Q>`m"" co{IH$m ~MnZ

go hr VmB© Ho$ nmg ahVr h¡& VmB© CgHo$ Cna AÀNo> g§ñH$ma S>mcVr h¡& AÀN>r {~{Q>`m

Ho$ JwZ H$mo g_PmVr h¡& VmB© ñd § Xw…I `mVZmAm| _| PwcgVr h¡ Am¡a A§V _| Jm¡am

H$mo Am{edm©X XoVr h¡&§ Bg H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go co{IH$m AnZr na§namAm|, g§ñH$mam|

H$mo Or{dV aIZm MmhVr h¡& dh n[adV©Z MmhVr h¡ _Ja Hw$N> gr_mAm| VH$& 'H$n‹S>|>'

(252)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ~mcH$m_Jmam| H$s g_ñ`m H$mo COmJa {H$`m h¡& H$m_ H$aZo Ho$

{cE N>moQo> ~mcH$ aIo OmVo h¡ Vm{H$ Omo H$m_ ~Vm`m dh H$a gH|$ Am¡a Vmo Am¡a

CgH$m ahZ-ghZ R>rH$ R>mH$ hmo CZHo$ {cE H$m_ na nhZZo Ho$ {cE H$nSo> AcJ

go {XE h¡ Vm[H$ dh Ka H$m Zm¡H$a h¡ nhMmZm Om gHo$ & Xygar ~mV Cƒd{J© m|

H$s `h hmoVr h¡ {H$ CZHo$ ê$V~o H$mo H$ht R|>g Z nhÿ±§M Om`Ÿ& Bg H$hmZr _| Cƒd{J©

cmoJm| Ho$ {XImdQ>rnZ Ho$ gmW gmW EH$ B_mZXma, Xw~cm, gm±dcm cS>H$m Omo H$m_

na aIm OmVm h¡ Ho$dc Xmo OyZ H$s amoQ>r Am¡a nhZZo Ho$ {cE H$n‹S>o>& Jm±d go BgVah

Jar~ c‹S>Ho$ eham| _| H$m_ Ho$ {cE aIo OmVo h¡ A§V _| dh H$n‹S>|> XOu _mñQ>a

H$mo XoH$a Jm±d dmng Mcm OmVm h¡& ~‹S>|> cmoJm| H$m AmoN>mnZ `h h¡ {H$ CgH$m n{V

H$n‹S>| Ho$ n¡go H$mQ>Zo Ho$ {cE H$hVm h¡ _Ja _mcH$sZ Cg| Jm±d OmVo g_` Mmcrg

ê$n o XoVr h¡& co{IH$m Zo Cƒd{J© cmoJm| H$m OrdZ ZOXrH$ go XoIm h¡ Bg{cE

_m{cH$ h_|em Zm¡H$am| na {dídmg Zht H$aVo `h ~Vm`m h¡&

AR>mah df© ~mX.... Bg H$hmZr _| co{IH$m Zo _m§° Am¡a ~oQo> H$m dmËgë`nyU©

{MÌ aoIm§{H$V {H$`m h¡& co{IH$m H$hVr h¡& ''A^r _¢ ^mdZm Ho$ {Og A{dpÀN>Z

n«dmh _| ~h aht hÿ±§, VH©$ Am¡a qMVZ Ho$ H$Jma na Zht R>ha nmC±Jr, __Vm {g\©$

g_{n©V hmoVr h¡& N>moa-AN>moa {XJ XoemÝVam| Ho$ Agr_ {dñVma VH$ \¡$cr AVb-

Jhar AZw y{V h¡ gmd©Xo{eH$, gmd©H$m{cH$, gmd© m¡_&'' _m°§ Am¡a ~oQo> H$m n«o_ AdU©{Z`

h¡ Am¡a g^r OJh EH$ O¡gm h¡&

"H$m¡_wXr… EH$ n«íZ'- `h H$hmZr {ddmhg_ñ`m H$mo coH$a McVr h¡& ~oQ>r H$mo {XImZo

H$m H$m ©H«$_ ~‹S>>m g§doXZerc hmoVm h¡& _mVm-{nVm emXr Ho$ {cE BVZo _O~ya hmoVo

h¡ {H$ XoIZo AmZodmcm| Ho$ gm_Zo {J‹S>{J‹S>mVo h¡& `h ~mV H$m¡_wXr H$mo R>rH$ Zht cJVr&

AWm©V co{IH$m `h MmhVr h¡ {H$ Eogr nwamZr na§namE°§ Im[aO H$a XoZr Mm{hE Omo

c‹S>>H$s H$mo An_m{ZV H$aVr h¡ dh H$moB© dñVy Zht h¡ dh BÝgmZ h¡& `h AnZo

_mVm {nVm go {dX«moh Zht H$aVr Zm ~JmdV& `h Vmo {KZm¡Zr na§nam H$mo Vmo‹S>>Zm MmhVr

(253)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


h¡& dh cmMma, hmoH$a AnZo _Z go CX` go emXr H$aVr h¡&

'Zrcr W¡crdmcm n¡ameyQ>' Bg H$hmZr _| Am`m H$m¡eë`m~mB© h¡ Omo VmÝ`m H$mo g§ mcZo

H$m H$m_ H$aVr h¡& BVZr N>moQ>r gr ~ƒr _Ja am¡~ go ha H$m_ Cgo Omo Mmho H$m¡eë`m~mB©

go H$admVr h¡& H$m¡eë`m H$m| AnZr ~oQ>r d¥ÝXm Omo Vmn go {~_ma N>mo‹S>H$a AnZo Ka

Ho$ {cE Xygam| Ho$ ~ƒo g§ mcZo Ho$ {cE OmZm n‹S>>Vm h¡ AnZm __Ëd {H$amE go XoZm

n‹S>>Vm h¡ _Ja Cƒd{J© cmoJ Am`m H$mo ^r EH$ ZmoH$ahr g_PVo h¡&§ ~‹S>|> cm|Jm| H$s

~oH$ma AmXV| {H$g Vah go ~ƒm| _| ^r AZm`mg AmOmVr h¡ Bg ~mV H$mo co{IH$m

Zo COmJa {H$`m h¡&

"JOmZZ ~Zm_ JUZm`H$'- Bg H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ g| co{IH$m Zo n«VrH$mË_H$

ê$n _| ^JdmZ H$m| hr g_mO _| Omo Hw$N> ^r Mc ahm h¡ Cgo Iwcr Am±Im| go {XIm`m

h¡& `h H$hmZr EH$ AcJ e¡cr _| {cIr H$hmZr h¡& g_mO EH$Vm H$s ^mdZm ~mOy

_| ah OmVr h¡ Am¡a Cn^moŠVmdmX H$mo ~‹T>>mdm {_cVm h¡ `hr Xem©Vr h¡ `h H$hmZr&

"H$ãOm'- Bg H$hmZr Ho$ O[aE co{IH$m Zo n{V-nËZr g§~§Y H$mo CX²Km[Q>V

{H$`m h¡& n{V-nËZr XmoZm| ghMa h¡ gmWr h¡& XmoZm| H$mo EH$ Xygao {H$ Oê$aV h¡

{\$a ^r nËZr godmd«Vr nVrnamÙm hm Eogm hr g§Xoe `h H$hmZr XoVr h¡& 'ã wQ>r \w$cem°Q>'

- Bg H$hmZr _| AmO H$m _Zwî` {H$VZm ñdmW© cmocyn hmo J`m h¡ {H$ _¥Ë w O¡go

^`mdh pñW[V _| Cgo _aZodmco Ho$ n«{V ghmZw w{V n«H$Q> Zht H$a gH$Vm Š`m|{H$

dh A{Vì`ñVVm Ho$ H$maU AnZo Amn H$mo BVZm ~±coÝg aI ahm h¡ {H$ CgHo$ Mohao

na CgH|$ _Z na H$moB© Aga Zht hmoVm AmO Ho$ _Zwî` H$s `WmW© pñW[V H$mo gy ©~mcm

Zo n«ñVwV {H$`m h¡& "_m¡O' nm[adm[aH$ H$hmZr h¡& em§Vm VmB© V_m_ Xm{X`m| VWm gmg,

_m± H$m n«{V{Z{YËd H$aVr h¡& AmO XmoZm| n{V nËZr Zm¡H$ar H$aVo h¡ CZHo$ ~ƒo g§ mcZo

Ho$ {cE XmXr O¡gr Am`m H$hm± {_coJrŸ& CgH$s gohV H$m XmoZm| I`mc aIVo Vm[H$

dh {~_ma n‹S>H$a AnZo H$m_m| _| {XŠH$V Z Am Om` & g~ H$m_m| Ho$ {cE ~mB©

aIr OmVr h¡ _Ja ~ƒm| Ho$ {cE XmXr Ÿ& _Ja ~hy ~oQo> g_PVo h¡ [H$ nhco gw~h

(254)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


go amV VH$ _m§° H$mo H$m_ H$aZm n‹S>>Vm Wm A^r ''{XZâ ~ƒm| Ho$ gmW h±gZm IocZm

Am¡a em_ H$mo CÝh| coH$a nmH©$ H$s g¡a, _m¡O _| H$Q> ahm h¡ ~w‹T>>mnm & `hm± co{IH$m

Zo nmR>H$m| H$mo {dMma H$aZo Ho$ {cE {dde {H$`m h¡ gM_wM XmXr H$m ~w‹T>mnm _m¡O

go H$Q> ahm h¡&

"`h Š`m gaOr!' Bg H$hmZr H$m H$Ï` ~¥OZÝXZ J§Jdma Ho$ B©X{JX© Ky_Vm

hþAm Z‹Oa AmVm h¡& ~¥OZÝXZ coIH$m|, {dXdmZm| Ho$ g^m gå_ocZm| _| Omo ~Z n‹So>

dh H$m_ H$aVm Wm& EH$ coIH$ go dh AmOr{dH$m Ho$ {cE Zm¡H$ar _m±JVm h¡ Vm[H$

dh ñWra hmo gHo$& CgH$s nËZr H$s ^r gm{hË` _| ê${M Wr& q‹OXJr â ~¥OZÝXZ

H$mo Zm¡H$ar Vmo {_cVr Zht& OrdZâ B_mZXmar go g§ñWmZ Ho$ H$m_ H$aVm ahm& AnZo

~oQo> {dYwZÝXZ Ho$ {cE Zm¡H$ar {XcdmZo Ho$ {cE coIH$ Ho$ nmg AmVm h¡& dh gm{hË`

n[afX H$m H$m_ g§ mcVm h¡& ^moco mco ~¥OZÝXZ H$mo `h AZw d Wm {H$ coIrH$m

Zo Cgo Zm¡H$ar Zht cJmB© Vmo CgHo$ ~oQo> Ho$ {cE Š`m n« mg H$a|Jo& ~¥ZZÝXZ H$mo

Vmo coIH$ ~hþV hr ~‹S>o> cJVo h¡ CZH$s {e\$mag go Zm¡H$ar cJ gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ& _Ja

coIH$ Zo Bg {H$ñgo H$mo AnZr H$hmZr, H$m H$Ï` ~Zm`m& `ht coIH$ cmMma Am¡a

_O~ya ~Zm&

"EH$ ñÌr Ho$ H$maZm_|" `h H$hmZr nm[ad[aH$ H$hmZr Ho$ gmW ñÌr-nwê$f g§~§Y

na AmYm[aV H$hmZr h¡& Bg H$hmZr _| Omo n{V h¡ dh XodVmñdê$n h¡ AnZr nËZr

H$mo S>m°§Q>Vm Zht, PJS>Vm Zht {Zhm`V g_PXma n{V h¡& ImZo _| Hw$N> H$_ Á`mXm

hþAm Vmo ^r dh ~VmVo Zht CëQ>m gm°ar R>rH$ h¡ H$hVo h¡& Bgr ~mV H$mo coH$a nËZr

naoemZ h¡ Cgo cJVm h¡ CgH$m n{V Am_ n{V`m| O¡gm hmoZm Mm{hE& nmR>H$m| Ho$ g_P

_| Zht AmVm H$s BVZm gm_mÝ` {df` H$hmZr H$m Š`m| h¡? gy ©~mcm H$m CÔoí` `h

hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ n{V Z XodVm hmo Am¡a Z h¡dmZ hmo, _Zwî` H$s Vah ñd^md H$m

hmo _Zwî`Ëd Ho$ g^r JwU Cg_| hmo&

"Vcme" `h H$hmZr Acm¡{H$H$ n«o_ H$hmZr h¡& {Og_| eara H$mo H$moB© _hËd

(255)gm.[h§.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1


Zht& Bg H$hmZr Ho$ n«o_r-n«{_H$m n«Ë`jê$n _| H$^r {_co Zht& n«o{_H$m AnZr {I‹S>>H$s

go Z‹Oa aIVr h¡& V~ Cgo gmao _m¡g_ gwhmdZo cJVo h¡ Ÿ& IwX H$mo hdm _| C‹S>>m

XoZo H$m _Z H$aVm h¡& `ht Vmo CgH$s {‹O§XJr H$m hm{gc h¡& Bgr `mX H$mo AnZo

•X` _| AZ_moc dñVy H$s Vah gwa{jV aIVr h¡& CgH$s Vcme Zht coVr& gy ©~mcm

Zo Bg H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go n{dÌ n«o_ H$mo COmJa {H$`m h¡&

gy ©~mcm Ho$ H$hm{Z`m| Ho$ H$Ï` AcJ AcJ {df`m| H$mo coH$a McVo h¡& {dYdm

n«íZ, Zm¡H$a H$s g_ñ`m, _m° ~oQo> H$m dmËgë`, nwamZr na§namE± Omo ñÌr H$mo An_m{ZV

H$aVr h¡& Jar~ ñÌr Omo AmnZo {hñgo H$m dmËgë` AnZo Jar~r Ho$ H$maU ~‹S>o> cmoJm|

Ho$ ~ƒm| XoVr h¡& JUn{V H$s ñWmnZm H$aVo h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ gm_Zo lÕm H$s Anojm

{XImdm H$aVo h¡& «ï>mMma Am¡a n¡gm ì`W©ì`` H$aVo h¡& AmO H$m _Zwî` ñdmWu ~Z

ahm h¡& XmXr AnZo nmoVm nmo{V`m| H$mo g§ mcVr h¡ Vmo Cgr Ho$ ~oQo>-~hy _m¡O H$a ahr

h¡ Eogm H$hVo h¡& AmO H$m coIH$ Xygam| Ho$ {cE Hw$N> Zht H$a nmVm h¡& AnZo

{cE Cgo EH$ Z`m {df` Oê$a {_c OmVm h¡& AmO H$hm± n{V XodVm h¡? AmO H$hm±

n«o_ Acm¡{H$H$ ahm h¡& `h gmao n«mg§{JH$ n«íZm| H$mo gy ©~mcm Zo nmR>H$m| Ho$ gm_Zo I‹S>>m

{H$`m h¡&

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gmR>moÎmar qhXr AmbmoMZm Ho$ {d{dY àdmhigcollege.org/files/Proceeding_hindi_Conference.pdf · gm.[h.Am.{d.n«. - 2014 : ISBN : 978-81-922248-3-1 (II) gmR>moÎmar qhXr AmbmoMZm Ho$