Psim Manual 2

S dng phn mm PSpice Printed Version

Ti liu lu hnh ni b Hng dn s dng phn mm PSpice ng dng trong phn tch v gii cc

mch in

Trong bo co ny ti trnh by vic ng dng phn mm PSpice trong phn tch v gii mch in. Ni dung ca bo co gm hai chng: Chng 1 cp n lch s pht trin, cc tnh nng chnh ca phn mm Spice, PSpice v OrCAD; Chng 2 m t quy trnh thc hin mt s phn tch c bn nh phn tch mt chiu, xoay chiu, qu , hi p tn s v thi gian v cc bc thc hin mt s v d n gin.

V Tr Vin BM K thut in v T ng ha - HLN


MC LC

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V SPICE, PSPICE V ORCAD .........................................1

1.1. Tng quan v OrCAD..............................................................................................1

1.1.1. Capture ............................................................................................................1

1.1.2. Layout ..............................................................................................................2

1.2. Tng quan v Spice v PSpice ................................................................................3

1.2.1. Lch s ra i ..................................................................................................3

1.2.2. Cc phin bn v tnh nng ca PSpice A/D................................................4

1.2.3. Th vin m hnh............................................................................................5

1.2.4. Cc bc tin hnh m phng v phn tch mch in ..............................6

1.2.5. Chng trnh m phng mch in bng PSPICE .....................................7

Chng 2 NG DNG PHN MM PSPICE CA OrCAD 10.0...............................9

2.1. Cc bc tin hnh .................................................................................................9

2.2. Thc hin mt s phn tch c bn ......................................................................17

2.2. 1. Phn tch qu trnh qu .........................................................................17

2.2.2. Phn tch qu trnh qut ca ngun AC.....................................................20

2.2.3. M phng qu trnh lm vic ca my bin p..........................................22

2.2.4. Mch chnh lu v qu trnh qut tham s ................................................23

Ti liu tham kho ...........................................................................................................27

V Tr Vin BM K thut in v T ng ha - HLN


Chng 1 TNG QUAN V SPICE, PSPICE V ORCAD

1.1. Tng quan v OrCAD OrCAD l mt b cng c dng cho qu trnh thit k mch in t. B

phn mm ny c pht trin v cung cp bi tp on Cadence. Phin bn hin ti ca OrCAD l 10.0. y l mt b cng c gm nhiu phn mm khc nhau phc v cho vic thit k mch nguyn l, xut mch in, m phng, phn tch mch in. Cc cng c chnh ca OrCAD l Capture, Layout, PSPICE, bn cnh cn mt s phn mm h tr qu trnh phn tch, ti u ho mch in cng nh qun l cc tp tin ca d n...

1.1.1. Capture L cng c dng xy dng cc s mch trong qu trnh thit k. S

mch nguyn l l s m trong cc phn t ca mch in c th hin di dng cc k hiu ca chng v c kt ni vi nhau theo mt quy tc nht nh nhm m bo hot ng ca mch in ng nh mong i.

Hnh 1: S nguyn l mch chuyn i DC sang AC cng sut 300mA

Vi cng c ny chng ta c th xy dng cc s nguyn l ca mch in t da trn mt th vin v cc phn t ht sc phong ph v a dng, bn cnh n cn cho php ngi dng to ra cc th vin ca ring mnh v thm vo c s d liu ca chng trnh. Vic xy dng s nguyn l l mt vic lm ht sc cn thit trong qu trnh thit k mt mch in t. Da trn s nguyn l ngi ta c th kim tra li tnh chnh xc ca mch in cng nh d on c kh nng lm vic ca thit b thc. y cng l giai on ban u

V Tr Vin BM K thut in v T ng ha - HLN 1


nhm cung cp mch u vo cho qu trnh phn tch cc c tnh ca mch in s dng PSPICE, cng nh l ngun to ra phn phi ca mch in, t cung cp cc d liu cho qu trnh sn xut mch in.

1.1.2. Layout Cng c ny dng sp xp cc phn t thc ca mch in trn mt bng

mch.

Bng mch in (Printed Circuit Board PCB) c dng h tr vic kt ni cc thnh phn ca bng in t, trn ng ni gia cc phn t c to ra bng cc cho axit n mn lp ng nm trn cc phin khng dn in. Cc phn t c nh v trn bng mch nh cc l cm.

Vi cng c ny chng ta c th sp xp cc phn t thc ca mch in mt cch hp l v khoa hc. u ra ca cng c ny l mt bng mch in trn c cc du ca ng dn cng nh v tr ca cc l cm linh kin, t nh sn xut c th s dng cc my iu khin s khoan l cng nh cho n mn cc tm bakelet ng to ng dn ca mch in.

Vi OrCAD chng ta c th kt ni vi cc my sn xut s to nn dy chuyn sn xut sn phm t qu trnh thit k mch nguyn l cho n sn phm thc.

Hnh 2: Bng mch in ca bng ma trn in t



1.2. Tng quan v Spice v PSpice

1.2.1. Lch s ra i K thut in l ngnh khoa hc nghin cu v nhng ng dng ca cc

hin tng in, t nhm bin i nng lng v tn hiu, bao gm vic pht, truyn ti, phn phi v s dng in nng trong sn xut v i sng.

K thut in t l ngnh khoa hc nghin cu v nhng ng dng ca cc tn hiu in t bao gm vic thu thp, gia cng, x l, truyn ti tn hiu.

thun tin cho vic tnh ton, thit k cc thit b in t, ngi ta thng thay th cc mch in thc t bng cc m hnh thay th v cc s mch in tng ng. Vic phn tch cc mch in nhm d on v kim tra kh nng lm vic ca cc thit b in t hoc nhm a ra cc sn phm ph hp vi yu cu t ra.

Phng php thc t kim tra mt mch in l xy dng chng. Tuy nhin, t nhng nm 1970, khi m cc thnh phn ca mt mch tch hp hp c kch thc ngy cng nh b th vic xy dng cc vi mch ny tr nn rt kh khn. Bn cnh , nhng tc ng vt l - m thanh, nh sng... khng nh hng n nhng mch in thng thng nhng li gy nhiu rt ln i vi cc vi mch. V vy vic lp rp cc vi mch t cc thnh phn thc trong phng th nghim i hi nhiu thi gian, cng sc v tin bc.

S pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin cho php xy dng cc phn mm m phng v phn tch qu trnh lm vic ca mch in t. Khi ta c th xy dng, th nghim, kho st hot ng ca mch ng vi cc trng hp cng nh thay i cc thng s k thut v kho st nh hng ca chng n qu trnh lm vic ca ton mch. Do tng tnh mm do v kh nng kho st nhiu trng hp, tnh hung khc nhau

Vn kh khn khi s dng cc phn mm l tnh chnh xc ca cc m hnh. Nu cc m hnh khng c cc c tnh ging nh cc phn t thc th vic m phng l v ngha.

Spice (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) l mt chng trnh tnh ton c pht trin t nhng nm 1970 ti i hc California Berkeley, chng trnh ny c s dng m phng v m hnh ho cc mch in t tng t.

PSpice (Power Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) c pht trin bi hng MicroSim, l mt trong nhng phin bn thng mi



c pht trin t Spice v tr thnh mt phn mm m phng mch in ph bin trn th gii. PSpice c cng cc gii thut v cu trc nh Spice. N cho php chng ta m phng cc thit k trc khi bt tay vo xy dng phn cng. Cc chng trnh m phng cho php chng ta quan st ng x ca mch in cng nh nhng thay i ca chng khi ta thay i cc tn hiu u vo hoc gi tr ca cc thnh phn trong mch in. Do c th kim tra li cc thit k c coi l hon thnh xem chng c chy ng trong thc t hay khng. PSpice ch m phng v tin hnh cc php o kim tra ch khng phi l phn thit k cc mch in.

1.2.2. Cc phin bn v tnh nng ca PSpice A/D PSpice c a ra th trng vi nhiu phin bn khc nhau: PSpice A/D,

PSpice A/D basics v PSpice. Mi phin bn cung cp cc tnh nng khc nhau tu thuc vo gi thnh v yu cu ca khch hng.

Trong chuyn ny, ti tp trung vo phn mm PSpice A/D i km trong b phn mm OrCAD ca hng Cadence.

PSpice A/D l chng trnh dng m phng cc mch in tng t v s. Cc tnh nng chnh ca PSpice A/D l:

Phn tch xoay chiu, mt chiu, qu . Tnh nng ny cho php chng ta kim tra cc p ng ca mch in khi c cung cp cc u vo khc nhau. C th:

o Phn tch mt chiu (DC analysis) hay cn c gi l phn tch tnh. Tnh nng ny cho php xc nh in p dch mc v tr s dng in cho tt c cc nt ca mch bng cch qut ton b gi tr ca in p trong mt khong do ngi dng nh ngha. iu ny rt c ngha khi mun xc nh ng c tnh ca cc mch in c cha cc phn t phi tuyn (nh diode, transistor...) hoc mun xc nh in th dch mc ca cc mch khuch i.

o Phn tch qu (Transient Analysis). Mc tiu ca phn tch qu (phn tch min thi gian) l nhm d on cc ng x ca mch in khi c cc s kin qu xy ra.

o Phn tch xoay chiu (AC Analysis). Vi phng thc phn tch ny ta c th m phng hi p tn s ca mch in, tc l ta c th quan st c ng x ca mch in khi tn s ca ngun in thay



i trong mt dy cho trc. Da vo ta c th tm thy tn s cng hng ca mch.

Phn tch tham s, nhy, gi tr ti hn. Vi nhng tnh nng ny chng ta c th quan st nhng ng x ca mch in khi thay i gi tr ca cc thnh phn ca n.

Phn tch thi gian ca cc mch s cho php tm ra s c v thi gian xut hin khi kt ni cc tn hiu tn s cao vi cc tn hiu c tn s thp trong qu trnh truyn dn tn hiu.

1.2.3. Th vin m hnh PSpice A/D c th vin m hnh ca hn 15,000 thit b tng t v 1,600

thit b s ca cc nh sn xut linh kin Bc M, Nht Bn v Chu u. Ni dung ca cc th vin ny l cc m hnh s ho vi cc tham s m ta c th can thip v thay i cho tng thit b c th. y l mt tnh nng ht sc quan trng, n cho php chng ta c th xy dng nhng m hnh ph hp vi yu cu thit k, iu ny cho php chng trnh m phng gn st vi thc t hn cng nh cung cp cho cc nh thit k mt cng c hu ch trong qu trnh xy dng v pht trin sn phm mi.

PSpice A/D cng cung cp cc m hnh ho v cc ng x ca cc thit b tng t v s, v vy chng ta c th m t cc hm chc nng ca mch in s dng cc biu thc v hm ton hc. Do ta c th xy dng v phn tch cc c tnh phc tp ca thit b thng qua m hnh ton hc.

Tuy nhin khng phi tt c cc phn t u c sn, nht l cc linh kin, phn t bn dn cng sut ln hay cc phn t kiu mi. V vy khi cn ta phi xy dng cc m hnh ring v thit lp th vin ring cho mc ch ca mnh.

Cc m hnh ho c xy dng trong PSpice A/D khng ch l cc in tr, in cm, in dung m cn c cc m hnh sau:

M hnh dy dn, bao gm tr, di, tn hao, tn x v tp m. M hnh ca cun dy t phi tuyn, bao gm bo ho v t tr Su m hnh ca transistor trng MOSFET M hnh ca Transistor trng c cc iu khin cch ly IGBT MOFET M hnh ca cc thnh phn s vi vo ra tng t.



Phin bn gc ca PSpice chy trong mi trng DOS, phin bn hin ti ca hng MicroSim l phin bn 10.0 cho php chy trn cc h iu hnh Window v Linux.

u vo ca chng trnh m phng l cch tp tin dng ch c phn m rng l .cir. u ra ca chng trnh c th l tp tin dng ch c cng tn vi tp u vo nhng c phn m rng l .out. Kt qu tnh ton c a vo tp tin cng tn vi phn m rng l .dat. Chng ta ch phi t tn cho tp tin u vo, cc tp tin u ra v tp tin kt qu c t tn t ng trng vi tn ca tp u vo.

Cng ging nh cc ngn ng lp trnh khc, tp tin *.cir phi tun theo mt s th tc nht nh nh: dng u tin l tn chng trnh, kt thc chng trnh phi l .END, phi c cc lnh v phn tch mch v.v. Trc khi chy chng trnh, tp tin *.cir s c kim tra li v a ra thng bo tp tin *.out.

Cu trc chng trnh s sng sa hn nu nh m hnh phn t mi c thit lp di dng cc mch con (subcircuit) v ct sn trong th vin, khi s dng, chng trnh ch cn gi tn cc mch con l . iu ny rt thun li khi mch kho st c s dng nhiu cc nhm phn t ging nhau.

Cc phn tch chnh c cp n trong SPICE l c tuyn truyn t, p ng tn s, im lm vic mt chiu, c tnh ng (thi gian).

Trong m phng v phn tch mch in t cng sut th quan trng nht l phn tch qu trnh qu (transient analysis). Ch phn tch ny thng tiu tn nhiu thi gian ca my tnh v chng trnh s phi tnh in p ca tt c cc nt ca mch kho st trong tng bc tnh v lu gi s liu ny vo mt tp tin ring (tp *.dat). Khi mch phc tp hoc thi gian kho st ln, dung lng ca tp d liu ny c th ln n hng trm MB.

1.2.4. Cc bc tin hnh m phng v phn tch mch in kho st mt mch in ni chung cng nh mt mch in t cng sut

ni ring ta cn phi tin hnh theo cc bc sau y:

1. Xc nh m hnh cc phn t cn thit xy dng mch in. a s cc phn t ny u c trong th vin m hnh ca chng trnh, tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp ta phi xy dng mi. Vic xy dng mt m hnh mi l ht sc quan trng v i hi am hiu su sc v k thut in - in t bi v m hnh phi phn nh ng c im v tnh cht vt l ca thit b thc. M hnh cng gn vi



thc t th kt qu phn tch cng ng tin cy. Mc d vy, trong mt s trng hp, khi kho st mt s c tnh no th ch cn m hnh ho cc tham s, thng s lin quan n c tnh , trnh gy ra nhng phc tp khng cn thit.

2. Thit lp s nguyn l ca mch cn nghin cu. Cn phi m bo chc chn rng s nguyn l c xy dng l ng n.

3. Chuyn i t s nguyn l sang chng trnh m hnh ho theo ngn ng chuyn dng ca phn mm (i vi phin bn hin ti ca PSPICE th vic ny c thc hin t ng).

4. Thit lp cc thng s ca s v cc tham s kho st.

5. Tin hnh kho st, thng chia lm hai giai on:

a) Chy th chng trnh vi ch quen thuc m kt qu bit trc kim tra chnh xc ca m hnh.

b) Khi m hnh t tin cy cn thit, tin hnh nghin cu vi cc ch cn kho st theo yu cu t ra.

1.2.5. Chng trnh m phng mch in bng PSPICE a) Tp u vo Mt tp u vo (*.cir) gm bn phn sau:

1. Tiu ca chng trnh m phng: Thng thng y l tn ca mch in cn kho st do ngi son tho t ra. Tiu khng bt buc phi c, v PSPICE khi chy s ch bt u t dng th hai.

2. Phn m t mch in v tham s cc linh kin c trong mch. phn ny ta thc hin cho tng phn t theo s nguyn l ca mch cn kho st tng t nh ta hn chng li vi nhau trong mch thc. Mi dng ca chng trnh dnh cho mt phn t v phi tun theo th tc khai bo, ng c php ca PSPICE, gm ba phn:

Tn v nhn ca phn t: Bng 1 l quy nh v k hiu tn ca cc phn t. Sau ch ci ny l ch s linh kin (c th l ch hay s), ti a l by k t. Cc ch ci c th vit hoa hay thng, gia cc khai bo c phn tch nhau bi du cch.

Cc im ni ca phn t c gi l nt ni mch. Cc nt c nh du bng cc s nguyn dng, trong bt buc phi c nt s 0 v lun c hiu l im t (Ground). im 0 ny rt quan trng v khi cht trng trnh my s tnh ton in p gia mi nt trong mch in vi im t ny trong tng bc tnh.



Gi tr ca phn t: C th l s, l mt tham s hay mt hm ph thuc (biu thc). Nu dng lnh di hn mt dng son tho th u dng k tip phi dng du + thng bo

Bng 1: Tn gi v k hiu ca cc phn t

K.H Tn gi K.H Tn gi B GsAs MOSFET J JFET C T in L in cm D Diode M MOSFET E Ngun p iu khin bng in p Q Transistor lng cc F Ngun dng iu khin bng dng in R in tr G Ngun dng iu khin bng in p S Kho iu khin bng in p H Ngun p iu khin bng dng in V Ngun in p c lp I Ngun dng c lp X Mch con K H cm W Kho iu khin bng dng in3. Cc lnh chng trnh tin hnh kho st theo yu cu. y cng l phn

bt buc phi c v n l mc ch ca vic m phng. Khng th dng m hnh mch m khng tin hnh kho st. Cc lnh iu khin dng ch ra loi phn tch (phn tch mt chiu, xoay chiu, phn tch ng, p ng tn s...)

4. Cc lnh cho u ra nh v th, lp bng cc sng iu ho theo khai trin Fourier, tnh s im nt ca mch...

5. Lnh kt thc chng trnh (.END): Mt chng trnh bt buc phi kt thc bng lnh ny. Trong khi vit chng trnh c th a thm vo cc ch thch d theo

di v kim tra. Cc dng ch thch phi tun theo quy tc sau: - Nu ch thch trong cng mt dng lnh th dng du ; gp du ny

chng trnh s b qua v chuyn xung dng lnh tip theo - Nu c dng lnh l ch thch th dng du * nh du. C th c

nhiu dng ch thch.

b) Tp u ra Khi chy m phng, chng trnh PSPICE s duyt tp tin u vo v to ra

mt tp tin u ra c cng tn vi phn m rng l .out. Nu tp u vo khng c li th chng trnh m phng c thc hin ngay v d liu kt qu c a vo tp tin cng tn vi phn m rng l .dat. Ngc li, nu c li th chng s c thng bo c th tp ny. Trong tp ny cn c mt s thng s khc nh tng cng sut trn ton mch, thi gian cn thit m phng (tnh bng giy).



Chng 2 NG DNG PHN MM PSPICE CA OrCAD 10.0

2.1. Cc bc tin hnh Trc khi m phng mt mch in ta phi thit lp cc cu hnh cho mch

in . C nhiu cch khc nhau thc hin iu ny. Cch th nht l nhp cc m t v mch in vo mt tp tin u vo theo cu trc nh trnh by trn.

Vic m t mch in trong mt tp tin nh trn c u im l gip chng ta nm r hn v cu trc mch, cu trc ca chng trnh m phng, cc cu lnh... Tuy nhin nhc im ca phng php ny l ngi dng phi nh rt nhiu cu trc lnh khc nhau t cc lnh m t, khai bo cc phn t n cc lnh iu khin, xut d liu...Hn na vi nhng ngi phi c li tp tin ny rt kh hnh dung ra mch in thc cng nh nguyn l hot ng ca n.

Mt cch khc thit lp cc cu hnh ca mch in l s dng cc phn mm thit k mch nguyn l, v d nh OrCAD CAPTURE. T phin bn 9.0, OrCAD pht trin s lin kt gia phn mm CAPTURE dng thit k s mch nguyn l vi phn mm PSPICE A/D dng m phng mch in. S lin kt ny cho php chng ta xy dng cc s mch nguyn l, thit lp gi tr cho cc phn t ca mch cn m phng trong CAPTURE v s dng PSPICE AD m phng, phn tch v quan st kt qu t c.

S sau m t cc bc cn thc hin m t mt mch in bng PSPICE



Bc1: Thit k mch bng CAPTURE To mt d n Analog Or

Mixed A/D a vo cc phn t Ni cc phn t li vi nhau

Bc 2: Xc nh kiu m phng To tp tin m t Xc nh kiu phn tch: Mt

chiu, xoay chiu, qu ,thi gian, tn s

Chy PSPICE

Bc3: Quan st kt qu Thm cc ng th S dng con tr phn tch dng sng Kim tra tp tin u ra nu cn Lu hoc in n kt qu

Hnh 3: Cc bc cn thc hin m phng mch in vi PSPICE

u im ln nht ca phng php ny chnh l tnh trc quan. Ngi dng d dng chuyn i t s mch bnh thng sang kiu s mch dng cho qu trnh m phng. Vi nhng u im ca giao din ha, phng php ny gip ngi dng d dng quan st, xy dng cng nh thit lp cc gi tr cho cc thnh phn cng nh xc nh cc kiu m phng v quan st kt qu.

V d 17: M phng v phn tch mch in sau vi PSPICE

Hnh 4: Mch in cn m phng

Bc 1: Xy dng s mch vi CAPTURE

1. To mt d n mi

1. Khi ng chng trnh OrCAD CAPTURE

2. To mt d n mi: FileNewProject 3. Nhp tn v a ch ca d n mi

4. Chn Analog Or Mixed A/D



Hnh 5: To mt d n mi

5. Sau khi nhn nt OK hp thoi New Project, hp thoi Create PSpice Project s hin ra, nh du chn Create based upon an existing project v kch vo nt OK

Khi s c mt hp thoi xut hin xc nhn chng trnh m phng c s dng, y chng trnh mc nh l PSpice A/D nn ta chn OK tip tc. Mt trang mi c m ra trong trnh qun l d n Project Design Manager nh hnh 6.



Hnh 6: Giao din chnh ca chng trnh OrCAD CAPTURE

2. Thm cc thnh phn v kt ni chngvi nhau

1. Chn ca s Schematics, y l khu vc xy dng mch

2. thm vo cc phn t, chn t thc n PlacePart(nhn phm P) , hoc kch vo biu tng Place Part , khi hp thoi Place Part s xut hin

Hnh 7: Ca s Place Part

3. La chn th vin cha cc thnh phn cn dng. C th chn theo danh sch cc thnh phn ca th vin hin hnh trong phn Part List hoc nh ch ci u ca tn thnh phn Part. Nu th vin hin thi khng cha thnh

phn cn dng, kch vo nt , ca s Add Library s xut hin, hy chn th vin ph hp. m phng bng PSpice, ta phi chn cc th vin t th mc Capture/Library/PSpice.

Mt s th vin thng dng dng trong m phng mch in vi PSpice bao gm:

Analog: cha cc phn t th ng (R,L,C), h cm, ng truyn v cc ngun dng, ngun p ph thuc (ngun p ph thuc in p E, ngun dng ph thuc dng in F, ngun dng ph thuc in p G v ngun p ph thuc dng in H).

Source: bao gm cc loi ngun dng v ngun p c lp nh Vdc, Idc, Vac, Iac, Vsin, Vexp, xung...



Cn rt nhiu th vin khc bao cha cc thnh phn ca mch in nh cc linh kin in t cng sut nh diode, transistor, thyristor, mosfet, cc cng logic, cc thit b giao tip...

4. nh v cc in tr, t in (t th vin Analog), ngun p v ngun dng mt chiu (H 8a)

a)Thm thnh phn ca mch vo s

b) im tham chiu GND

Hnh 8

5. Sau khi t ht cc thnh phn ca mch in vo s , ta cn t mt im tham chiu GND bng cch kch vo biu tng trn thanh cng c hoc nhn phm G. Hp thoi Place Ground hin ra, ta chn th vin SOURCE v chn k hiu 0 (H 8b).

6. Ni cc phn t li vi nhau bng mt trong cc cch sau: s dng cu lnh Placewire t thc n ca chng trnh; nhn phm w hoc kch vo biu tng trn thanh cng c.

7. C th gn tn cho cc nt bng vic s dng chn Place Net Alias, sau s chn nt v tn cho tng ci. y ta s t tn cho nt giao gia ngun p Vdc v in tr R1 l In v nt giao gia R1,R2 v C1 l Out nh trn hnh 29.

3. Gn tn v gi tr cho cc phn t 1. Thay i gi tr ca in tr bng cch nhy kp vo con s nm bn

cnh in tr sau ghi gi tr ca in tr vo trng Value ca hp thoi Display Properties. Vic lm ny cng c tin hnh tng t cho cc linh kin khc ca mch. Ta cng c th nhy kp vo dng ch bn cnh ca phn t thay i tn hoc gn tn cho phn t ny.

2. t tn cho cc nt cn kho st 3. Lu d n

4. Danh sch Nt li Danh sch cc nt li bao gm ton b cc phn t ca mch c lit k

theo cu trc nh c trnh by trong chng 2 trn. to ra cc nt li t



s mch nguyn l, ta c th dng lnh PSpicecreate netlist t thc n ca chng trnh. Danh sch ny c lu trong tp tin c ui .net v c qun l bng trnh qun l d n, ta c th chn vo tp tin ny xem ni dung bn trong ca n. V y l ni dung ca tp tin ny ng vi v d ang xt:

* source VIDU_17 R_R1 N00157 N00166 10k R_R2 0 N00166 10k C_C1 0 N00166 5u V_V1 N00157 0 20Vdc I_I1 0 N00166 DC 1mAdc Bc 2: Xc nh kiu phn tch v m phng Nh trnh by trn, PSpice cho php chng ta phn tch mt chiu,

xoay chiu, phn tch ng, qu vi khai trin Fourier...

1. Phn tch Mt chiu 1. To mt h s m phng bng vic chn PSpiceNew Simulation

Profile 2. Trong hp thoi New Simulation, nh mt tn c ngha m t vo

Name 3. Chn none trong danh sch Inherit From sau nhn vo nt Create

to h s. 4. ca s Simulation Settings, chn Bias Point cho Analysis Type v

kch OK. 5. Tin hnh qu trnh m phng: chn PSpice Run 6. Khi hp thoi mi m ra, ta c th xem qu trnh m phng c thnh

cng hay khng. Cc li ca chng trnh s c lit k tp u ra.

Hnh 9: To mt h s m phng



7. quan st kt qu ca qu trnh m phng phn tch mt chiu, ta c th m tp u ra hoc quay tr li s mch v kch vo biu tng V (Cho php hin th in p dch) hoc I (dng in dch) hoc W (cng sut tiu tn trn cc phn t).

a) in p nh thin b) Dng in nh thin

c) Cng sut tiu tn

Hnh 10: Kt qu ca qu trnh phn tch tnh

2. M phng qu trnh qut gi tr

Ta vn s dng mch nh trn nh gi nh hng ca qu trnh thay i gi tr ca ngun in p t 0 n 20V. Gi nguyn gi tr ca ngun dng l 1mA

1. To mt h s m phng mi v t tn cho n l DC_Sweep. Chn kiu phn tch l DC Sweep.

2. phn tch qu trnh qut gi tr ny, ta phi ch ra tn ca ngun in p s s dng, gi tr u, gi tr cui v bc nhy cng cn c xc nh nh hnh 11.



Hnh 11: Thit lp cc thng s m phng

3. Tin hnh m phng, PSpice s to ra mt tp u ra cha cc gi tr in p v dng in trong mch.

Bc 3: Hin th kt qu ca qu trnh m phng

PSpice c mt giao din ngi dng thn thin dng hin th kt qu ca qu trnh m phng. Sau khi qu trnh m phng hon thnh, ca s Probe s hin ra

Hnh 12: th in p vo v in p ra

1. T thc n TRACE, chn ADD TRACE v chn nhng in p v dng in mun hin th kt qu. y ta chn V(IN) v V(OUT).



Hnh 13: Chn cc bin cn hin th

2. Ta cng c th thc hin iu ny bng vic s dng Voltage Markers t bn s mch. Chn PSpice MarkersVoltage Level. t u nh du ti cc nt IN v OUT trn s mch.

Hnh 14: S dng Voltage Marker ch ra kt qu m phng

2.2. Thc hin mt s phn tch c bn

2.2. 1. Phn tch qu trnh qu Ta vn s dng mch trn nhng vic cp ngun c iu khin bi mt

cng tc ng theo thi gian (hnh 15).



Hnh 15: Mch phn tch qu

1. Chn cng tc SW_TCLOSE t th vin Anal_Misc. Nhy kp vo gi tr ca cng tc v nhp gi tr cho thi gian cng tc ng l 5ms.

2. Thit lp cho phn tch qu : chuyn n PSPICE/ NEW SIMULATION PROFILE.

3. t mt tn bt k (gi s l transient). Sau khi ca s Simulation Settings c m ra, chn phn tch Time Domain (transient), nhp thi gian chy ca chng trnh (run time) l 50ms. i vi gi tr ln nht ca bc phn tch (Max Step), ta c th trng hoc nhp vo 10us.

4. Chy PSpice

5. Khi ca s Probe ca PSpice s c m ra. By gi ta c th thm cc ng vt hin th kt qu. hnh sau l th ca dng in i vo t in (hnh trn) v in p ri gia hai bn cc ca t in (hnh di). Ta s dng con tr tm hng s thi gian ca hm m,

Hnh 16: Kt qu phn tch qu ca mch hnh 34

6. Thay v s dng mt cng tc nh trn, chng ta c th s dng mt ngun in p thay i theo thi gian. Vic ny c thc hin nh hnh 36, trong ta s dng ngun VPULSE v IPULSE c ly t th vin SOURCE. Ta cn phi nhp vo cc gi tr: mc in p (V1 v V2), thi gian tr (TD), thi gian tng, gim (TR, TF), rng xung (PW) v chu k (PER). Cc gi tr khng c nhp vo nh hnh v sau



Hnh 17: Mch in s dng ngun dng, ngun p xung.

7. Sau khi thc hin vic m phng qu trnh phn tch qu , ta cng thu c kt qu nh trn.

8. Vic phn tch qu cng c th tin hnh bng cch s dng ngun in sin. Mch in nh hnh 18, ngun c bin bng 10V v tn s l 50Hz.

Hnh 18: Mch in s dng ngun in sin

9. To tp tin m phng v chy PSpice

10. Kt qu ca qu trnh m phng cho in p u vo v u ra c trnh by hnh 19.



Hnh 19: Phn tch qu s dng ngun in sin

2.2.2. Phn tch qu trnh qut ca ngun AC tin hnh phn tch ny ta s dng mt ngun in sin. Tn s ca

ngun in ny s c qut trong mt khong xc nh. Qu trnh m phng s tnh ton bin , pha ca in p v dng in ng vi tng tn s. Khi bin u vo c cho bng 1V th in p u ra chnh l hm truyn c bn.

Nu nh phn tch qu l qu trnh phn tch trong min thi gian th phn tch AC chnh l m phng ca trng thi lm vic xc lp ca mch in. Khi mch in cha cc phn t phi tuyn nh Diode hoc Transistor, m hnh tn hiu nh ca chng s c thay th bi gi tr ca cc thng s v c tnh ton thng qua cc im dch in th ca chng.

V d 18: M phng qu trnh qut AC ca mch in hnh sau:

Hnh 20: Mch lc RC n gin



Gii

Tin hnh cc bc nh sau:

1. To d n mi v xy dng mch in tng ng

2. S dng ngun in p VAC t th vin Source

3. Ly bin ca ngun vo l 1V

4. To tp tin m phng, trong ca s Simulation Settings chn AC sweep/Noise.

5. Nhp tn s bt u v tn s kt thc v s lng im ly tn s trong mi mi n v. Gi s ta ly ln lt l 0,1Hz; 10kHz; 11.

6. Chy m phng

7. Trong ca s Simulation, thm ng vt hin th in p u ra di dng pha v dB (nh VP(out) v VdB(Out) hp Trace Expression)

Hnh 21: Thit lp cu hnh m phng

8. Phng php khc hin th in p u ra di dng dB v Pha l s dng cng c Marker ca Schematics:



Hnh 22: S dng Markers ca Schematics

9. Kt qu thu c nh hnh 23

Hnh 23: Hin th in p u ra di dng pha v dB

2.2.3. M phng qu trnh lm vic ca my bin p Trong Spice khng c m hnh ca my bin p l tng. Mt my bin p

l tng c m phng bng cch s dng cun dy h cm, vi t s bin p N1/N2 = sprt(L1/L2). Thnh phn ny c tn l XFRM_LINEAR trong th vin Analog. H s tng h K c ly xp x hoc bng 1. in cm L c chn sao cho L >> gi tr in khng ca mt cun dy. Mch in th cp cn c ni trc tip xung t, iu ny c thc hin bng cch s dng mt in tr c



gi tr ln hoc ni cun s cp v th cp bng mt nt chung. V d sau minh ho qu trnh m phng my bin p.

Trong v d ny L2 c ly sao cho L2 >> 500 hay L2 > 500/(60*2), y ly L2 ln hn t nht 10 ln, L2 = 20H. L1 c suy ra t cng thc L1/L2 = (N1/N2)^2. Vi my bin p c t s bin p l 10, in cm ca cun dy s cp l L1=100*L2 = 2000H.

S mch c trnh by hnh 24, kt qu m phng cho hnh 25

Hnh 24: Mch in dng m phng my bin p

Hnh 25: th in p vo v ra ca my bin p

2.2.4. Mch chnh lu v qu trnh qut tham s Trn hnh 26 l mch chnh lu c t lc, s dng mt Diode D1N4148 v mt

ti tr 500. Kt qu ca qu trnh m phng c trnh by trn hnh 27. nhp nh ln nht ca in p ra l 777mV, tr s ln nht ca in p ra l 13,997V nh hn 1V so vi bin ca in p u vo.



Hnh 26: Mch chnh lu c t lc

Hnh 27: th in p vo v in p ra ca mch

By gi ta s s dng phng thc qut tham s quan st tc ng ca ti tr i vi in p u ra v sng ca n nh th no.

Hnh 28: Mch in dng kho st

1. Thm phn t PARAM vo mch in

a. Thay i gi tr ca ti tr R1 t 500W sang {RVal}. Khi Pspice s bin dch chui text nm gia hai du ngoc nhn {} thnh mt biu thc thc thi mt biu thc s hc.



b. Thm thnh phn PARAM vo mch, thnh phn ny nm trong th vin SPECIAL.

c. Thnh phn PARAM s ng vai tr cung cp tham s u vo cho biu thc RVal trn. xc nh cc gi tr u vo ca tham s, ta nhy kp vo thnh phn PARAM, khi mt bng c s d liu dng nh ngha PARAM s hin ra. Ta tin hnh thm mi mt ct v t tn cho n l RVal.

d. Sau khi to xong mt thuc tnh mi cho PARAM, ta s xc nh gi tr ban u cho thuc tnh ny, y l 500W. hin th gi tr v tn ca thnh phn ny trong mch, ta chn n thuc tnh RVal va to ra, kch vo nt Display v nh du vo tu chn Name and Value.

e. Nhn vo nt Apply lu li nhng thay i va thc hin

Hnh 29: Ca s chnh sa thuc tnh cho thnh phn PARAM

2. To tp tin h s cho vic m phng qu trnh qut tham s

a. Chn PSpice/ NEW_SIMULATION_PROFILE

b. t tn cho tp tin, chng hn l Parametric

c. Chn kiu phn tch mong mun, y ta chn phn tch qu vi thi gian phn tch l 100ms..

d. phn tu chn, ta nh du vo Parametric Sweep nh hnh 49 pha di.

e. i vi bin dng qut, ta chn Global Parameter v nhp vo tn bin l RVal. phn kiu qut, nhp gi tr u, gi tr cui, gia s cho bin qut.



Hnh 30: Thit lp cu hnh m phng

3. Chy m phng

Sau khi qu trnh m phng hon thnh, mt hp thoi s hin ra cho php ta la chn gi tr mun hin th, nu chn All, ta c kt qu nh hnh 31.

Nhn vo th c th thy rng, khi ti tr tng th nhp nh ca in p ra gim. Nu chn c gi tr ca R, C hp l th in p u ra c th t in p mt chiu l tng.

Hnh 31: th in p u ra v nhp nh ca n

ng vi cc gi tr khc nhau ca ti tr R



Ti liu tham kho 1. ng Vn o, L vn Doanh, K thut in, NXB KHKT, 2007

2. Trn Kim Khi, K Thut in - in t, NXB Nng nghip, 2006

3. Xun Th, K thut in t, NXB Gio dc, 2003

4. OrCAD website for PSpice (http://www.orcad.com/pspicead.aspx).

5. OrCAD website for CAPTURE. (http://www.orcad.com/orcadcapture.aspx)

6. PSpice Users manual, OrCAD Corp. (Cadence Design Systems, Inc.)

7. PSpice Reference Guide, OrCAD Corp. (Cadence Design Systems, Inc.)

8. PSpice Library Guide, OrCAD Capture User's Guide, (Cadence Design Systems, Inc.)

9. OrCAD Capture Users Guide, OrCAD Corp., (Cadence Design Systems, Inc.)

10. SPICE Tutorial, http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~jan/spice/

11. A. Vladimirescu, The Spice Book, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994.

12. B. Carter, Using Texas Instruments Spice Models in PSpice, Application Report, SLOA070, Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, September 2001.


Tai liu lu hanh ni b Chng 1 TNG QUAN V SPICE, PSPICE V ORCAD 1.1. Tng quan v OrCAD 1.1.1. Capture 1.1.2. Layout

1.2. Tng quan v Spice v PSpice 1.2.1. Lch s ra i 1.2.2. Cc phin bn v tnh nng ca PSpice A/D 1.2.3. Th vin m hnh 1.2.4. Cc bc tin hnh m phng v phn tch mch in 1.2.5. Chng trnh m phng mch in bng PSPICE a) Tp u vo b) Tp u ra

Chng 2 NG DNG PHN MM PSPICE CA OrCAD 10.0 2.1. Cc bc tin hnh Bc 1: Xy dng s mch vi CAPTURE 1. To mt d n mi 2. Thm cc thnh phn v kt ni chngvi nhau 3. Gn tn v gi tr cho cc phn t 4. Danh sch Nt li Bc 2: Xc nh kiu phn tch v m phng 1. Phn tch Mt chiu 2. M phng qu trnh qut gi tr Bc 3: Hin th kt qu ca qu trnh m phng

2.2. Thc hin mt s phn tch c bn 2.2. 1. Phn tch qu trnh qu 2.2.2. Phn tch qu trnh qut ca ngun AC Gii

2.2.3. M phng qu trnh lm vic ca my bin p 2.2.4. Mch chnh lu v qu trnh qut tham s

Ti liu tham kho

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Psim Manual 2