Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis

From DNA to Proteins!From DNA to Proteins!

What is a gene? A small segment of DNA that provides

instructions for making proteins

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Gene

What is a protein? Amino acids (monomers) linked

(bonded) together!

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From DNA (gene) to protein? The nucleotide order is copied in the

nucleus into a message (mRNA) = Transcription (DNA stays in the nucleus)

The “messengerRNA” is sent to the ribosome

C =G G = C T = A A = U

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Transcription

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Proteins are made in the ribosomes! Three nucleotides (bases) make a

“codon” Each codon is a message to bring in

one amino acid (using tRNA) The amino acids are linked together to

form the protein

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Translation

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Practice! In RNA, U (uracil) is substituted for T

(thymine) DNA = GGG CCC ATA mRNA = CCC GGG UAU Amino Acid = Pro Gly Tyr

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Examples of proteins Sucrase (breaks down sucrose / sugar) Helicase (unwinds DNA during replication) Keratin (hair and nails) Melanin (pigment in skin, hair and eyes) Collagen (found in tendons and skin) Insulin (regulates blood sugar) Antibodies (fight invading bacteria) Myosin (main protein of muscle fiber) P53 (tumor/ cancer suppressor)

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